The Luxury Apartment, At Worli, Mumbai PROJECT DESERTATION SUBMITTED TO
SHIVAJI UNIVERSITY, KOLHAPUR
INPARTIAL FULFILMENT OF REQUIRMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR
OF ARCHITECTURE
IN
2016-2021 BY
MR. VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL ROLLNO. 1621
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF:
Prof. AR. VANDANA .D. PUSALKAR S.P.S.M.B. H’s College of Architecture Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India. FINAL YEAR
Guide
Principal
SHRI PRINCE SHIVAJI MARATHA BOARDING HOUSE’S
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE, KOLHAPUR
DECLARATION I, VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL, the undersigned hereby declare that the project work entitled, “The
Luxury Apartment, At Worli, Mumbai”, is written and
submitted by me under the guidance of Prof. VANDANA .D. PUSALKAR is my original work. The empirical findings in this report are based on data collected by me. The matter presented in this project report is not copied from any other source.
Date: / / Place: Kolhapur Student Signature Name – Vipul Devichand Oswal Exam. No. …………………… Exam. Year. 2020 - 2021 Roll No. 1621 Final Yr. B.Arch. SPSMBH’s COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE, KOLHAPUR
ACKNOWLEGEMENTS
I EXPRESS MY SINCERE AND WHOLE HEARTED THANKS TO MY GUIDE – AR.VANDANA .D. PUSALKAR PRINCIPAL- AR. S. G. DIGE WITHOUT THESE GUIDING LIGHTS THIS DISSERTATION WOULD HAVE BEEN HALF AS MUCH POSSIBLE. I ALSO ACKNOWLEDGE AND THANK FOR THE HELP GIVEN BY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE, LIBRARIAN- MR. AMAR JADHAV. ABOVE ALL MY FAMILY AND FRIENDS FOR THE ENCOURAGEMENT GIVEN TO ME THROUGHOUT AND ALWAYS. I WOULD ALSO THANK ALL THOSE WHO ARE DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY EXTENDED THEIR HELP AND ADVISED TOWARDS THE BETTERMENT OF THE PROJECT.
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
Contents 1. SYNOPSIS - .................................................................................................................................. 2 1.1 INTRODUCTION: .................................................................................................................... 2 1.2 FACTORS DEFINING LUXURY APARTMENTS: ......................................................................... 4 1.3 HISTORY:................................................................................................................................ 6 1.4 NEED OF THE PROJECT: ......................................................................................................... 7 1.5 AIM : ...................................................................................................................................... 8 1.6 OBJECTIVE : ........................................................................................................................... 8 1 Study Objectives: .................................................................................................................. 8 2 Design Objectives: ................................................................................................................ 8 1.7 SCOPE : .................................................................................................................................. 9 LAWS OF MUMBAI: ..................................................................................................................... 9 1.8 INTERNET/BOOK CASE STUDY: .............................................................................................. 9 2. LITERATURE STUDY ................................................................................................................... 19 2.1 Structural Evolution of High-Rise Buildings : ....................................................................... 19 2.2 Classification of Tall Building Structural System ................................................................. 20 Structural Concerns – ................................................................................................................ 32 Fighting gravity .......................................................................................................................... 32 Wind resistance -....................................................................................................................... 32 Structural Load - ........................................................................................................................ 33 2.3 Servicses: ............................................................................................................................. 36 1.Fire Fighting Systems - ....................................................................................................... 36 2. Fire Prevention - ................................................................................................................ 37 BUILDING CONTROLS .................................................................................................................... 45 AREA CALCULATION FOR LUXURY APPARTMENT ......................................................................... 47 3. CASE STUDY ............................................................................................................................... 48 4. SITE ANALYSIS :.......................................................................................................................... 62 5.REQUIREMENTS : ....................................................................................................................... 68 6.DESIGN AND DRAWINGS : .......................................................................................................... 73
VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 1
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
1. SYNOPSIS 1.1 INTRODUCTION: As indicated by the Maharashtra Apartment Ownership Act, 1970-An Apartment implies a piece of the property expected for an autonomous use, including at least one rooms or encased spaces situated on at least one stories or part or parts thereof in a structure, and with an immediate exit to an open road, street or parkway to a typical region prompting such road, street or interstate. The proprietor of a condo staying holds the title for that home as it were (What's more, conceivably a subordinate region, for example, a vehicle space). The rest of the regions; For example, the passage anteroom, lifts and collective nurseries/open space are possessed and overseen by a proprietors' partnership. A high rise can be a low or mid-ascent improvement and may contain just a bunch of abodes. An apartment complex can likewise be a significant, skyscraper improvement with countless condos. The ABS evaluation characterizes low-ascent high rises as up to four stories. Apartment complexes more than four stories are considered as mid or elevated structure. There are various designs and floor plates for high rises relying upon size, tallness and capacity. A condo or unit is an independent lodging unit that possesses just piece of the structure, by and large on a solitary story. There are various kinds of condos arranged by size, highlights and utility. 1.Penthouse Apartments: A penthouse condo is an extravagance loft that is set on the top most floor of the structure. These lofts have delightful perspectives on the horizon and the scene. Overhangs and rooftop top decks are the uncommon highlights of a Penthouse Apartments. 2. Studio Apartments: These condos are the extravagant of the craftsmen. Studio lofts are moderately littler condos that have Kitchen, Bathroom and Bedroom incorporated well inside one single room. They are likewise well known as Bachelor Apartment or Efficiency Apartment. 3. Condominium: Apartments claimed by an individual yet where various individuals meet up to live in a similar house is a Condominium or a Condo. The proprietor rents out
VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 2
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
the loft to a little arrangement of individuals who thus pay an occasional total of cash for their stay in such condos. 4. High Rise Apartments: Found to a great extent in the metropolitan urban communities because of folded nature of homes in focal pieces of the city inferable from enormous populace, skyscraper lofts are tall structures offering for the most part 2BHK, 3BHK and 4BHK condos. They are found generally in the outside zones of metropolitan urban areas with condition of workmanship structures. 5. Low Rise Apartments: In contrast with High Rise Flats, low ascent lofts are moderately littler structures however offer more security and are increasingly debatable as far as lease and rent. They have lifts and are increasingly appropriate for focal pieces of the city which are known for extreme land rates. 6. Convertible Apartment: A studio loft or a typical one which has plan that can be upgraded to make progressively number of rooms is a convertible Apartment. The dividers used to make are adaptable naturally and offer extraordinary utility and security in these condos. 7. Loft: An enormous room in the structure that has been changed to a private space from business one is a Loft. Since they for the most part have enormous spaces, lofts can be changed over into studio or 2 BHK or even 3 BHK condos. 8. Garden Apartments: Apartments with access to gardens are called Garden Apartments. They can be found in the terrace, front side or at times inside the condo relying upon the structure of the home. For the most part in the ground floor, these lofts for the most part have greater windows. 9. Duplex or Triplex Apartments: Apartments with two stories and a typical passageway with a private flight of stairs to arrive at the principal floor is known as Duplex Apartment while a loft with 3 stores is known as a Triplex. These are extravagance condos that offer included space for additional rooms as their structure is advanced for it. 10. Service Apartments: these lofts are mainstream for the extravagance and security they offer. Normally reserved for a little timeframe, these lofts are the extravagant of
VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 3
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
explorers searching for a short remain in the city or revelers searching for an individual space. The charges for such lofts vary by the explanation and season. 11. The term “luxury”: “luxury” refers to as a state of great comfort or elegance, especially when involving great expenses. Luxury apartment is a high end apartment that includes everything you could ever want or need. They are large and spacious and situated in premium locations. They have top of the line appliances and housewares, onsite parking and countless amenities. Such amenities include on site movie theatres, high end fitness centres, large pools, spas and many others. Identifying an apartment as luxury is a ply to attract high paying tenants and more so raise the monthly rent. Luxury apartments have an unmatched degree of privacy in terms of type of facilities installed in the housing the project should comprise lesser units per floor and accommodate more green spaces. Luxury apartments can basically be defined with four A’s: Area, Amenities, Aesthetics, and Affordability.
1.2 FACTORS DEFINING LUXURY APARTMENTS: 1 Technologically skillful : Each land designer and homebuyer accepts that an extravagance home ought to be model in the sort of innovation it employments. Accordingly, computerization is the watchword. Contingent on the sticker price of the property, the degree of innovative headway would change. Vitality effective homes, savvy lighting and sound homes, atmosphere control homes, homes with keen latrines these have become a thing of the present. 2. Space: Space is the fundamental in an extravagance home regardless of whether the property is in a portion of the prime areas like Mumbai. 3. Location: Extravagance is likewise characterized by the area the property is arranged in. Huge customary homes in little urban areas or in the peripheries of enormous urban communities don't qualify as extravagance. Along these lines, the area must be pined for, expensive and optimistic in each sense. The area of the undertaking as well as the area of the unit can likewise realize contrasts in estimating. VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 4
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
4. Neighbourhood: An extravagance neighbourhood welcomes the consideration of the choicest few. In this way, extravagance engineers focus on this specialty masses and are mindful about keeping up the brand-esteem. These are properties where inhabitants demand security and thusly single unit per floor ideas got well known after some time. 5. Trend-setter: Be it the manner in which you dress the home, the scene, the kitchen or pleasantries, for example, pools, wellness focuses and diversion zones — each of these ought to be an innovator in itself however not exactly either. Subsequently, a pool in an extravagance venture and that in a mid-extended task isn't exactly the equivalent. Subsequently, extravagance ventures add to the appeal which customary task, probably, attempt to gorilla. So also, homes with gazebos, toilet, or an outside recreation space are an irregularity and consequently, the cost. 6. Entertainment at home: A diversion zone that is furnished with a home theatre and an individual gaming zone is the new expansion to an extravagance home. The most recent in-the-advertise devices are an unquestionable requirement have for the youthful and old the same. The fundamental reason behind this element is to make a space where a home purchaser never feels the need to leave the extravagances of the home. 7. Fitness first: The vast majority of the extravagance properties come outfitted with an individual rec centre. The affluent would want to perspire at the solace of their home instead of in different exercise centres where they would need to share machines. Extravagance homes have a different room that includes all the necessary machines and loads and have a TV, remote speakers and different contraptions set up that gives the proprietor's rec centre access style. 8. Up high: A personal elevator that opens to the foyer of an opulent home is one of the most popular features of a luxury property. Elevators are now a must have in all kind of luxury properties, an apartment, a penthouse or a mansion. VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 5
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
9. Spread-out personal space: Rooms in an extravagance property have an extraordinary worth. A main room, as we probably are aware it, has an enormous space to suit a jumbo bed with a lot of seating region. It can likewise incorporate all the hello their tech highlights with worked in robotization frameworks. An augmentation to a main room is a stroll in storage room that lets you show all your costly originator garments, shoes and adornments. These storage rooms are well-outfitted with plentiful lighting, roof to-floor mirrors, and top tier wooden closets.
1.3 HISTORY: High rises have existed for quite a long time. In the extraordinary urban communities of the Roman Empire, as a result of urban blockage, the individual house, or domus, had given route in early majestic occasions to the common dwelling, or insula, aside from the living arrangements of the well off. Four stories were normal, and six-, seven-, or eightstory structures were once in a while developed. Another sort of loft existed in Europe in the medieval times, comprising of an incredible house or chateau, some portion of which was partitioned into littler arrangements of rooms so as to house the workers and different retainers of a notable individual. As opposed to these "lofts," which were basically close to home suites inside extraordinary houses, the condo as today is realized initially showed up in Paris and other huge European urban communities in the eighteenth century, when tall squares of pads for working class inhabitants started showing up. In the regular Parisian high rise, the size of the lofts (and the monetary methods for the occupants) diminished with each progressive story in a four-or five-story building. By the mid-nineteenth century, huge quantities of reasonable flats were under development to house expanding quantities of mechanical workers in urban areas and towns across Europe and in the United States. These structures were frequently extraordinarily pitiful, ineffectively planned, unsanitary, and squeezed. The run of the mill New York City loft, or apartment, a sort originally built during the 1830s, comprised of condos prevalently known as railroad pads on the grounds that the restricted rooms were organized start to finish straight like freight cars. In reality, scarcely any minimal VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 6
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
effort high rises raised in Europe or America before 1918 was intended for either solace or style. In numerous European urban communities, be that as it may, especially in Paris and Vienna, the second 50% of the nineteenth century saw incredible advancement in the structure of condos for the upper-working class and the rich. The advanced huge high rise rose in the mid twentieth century with the fuse of lifts, focal warming, and different comforts that could be partaken in like manner by a structure's occupants. Lofts for the wealthy started to offer different courtesies, for example, relaxation offices, conveyance and clothing administrations, and common lounge areas and nurseries. The multi-story condo kept on developing in significance as swarming and rising area esteems in urban areas made one-family homes less and less practicable in parts of numerous urban communities. Much government-financed, or open, lodging has appeared as high rises, especially for the urban old and common laborers or those living in destitution. Loft square towers additionally were raised in enormous numbers in the Soviet Union and different nations where lodging development was the obligation of the state. Since World War II the interest for condo lodging has kept on developing because of proceeded with urbanization. The mid-or skyscraper high rise has become an installation of the horizons of the vast majority of the world's urban communities, and the a few story "stroll up" loft likewise stays well known in to some degree less developed urban zones. Nonetheless, different responsibility for on a solitary site has gotten significantly more typical in the twentieth century. Such possession can appear as cooperatives or apartment suites.
1.4 NEED OF THE PROJECT: The land business is perhaps the greatest business in India. The need of this industry is unavoidable as the development populace should experience its future in urban areas. The land showcase has seen resurgence with the extravagance advertise indicating huge development in last quarter. Notwithstanding, the customary loft portions keep on being famous decision with the center and salaried class. While extravagance condos increase current standards on solace, accommodation and quality.
VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 7
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
The quickly developing Indian land market and India's monetary advancement has made land the most engaging speculation choice. Indian land has experienced a makeover in the ongoing years. With the restoring economy having implanted a recharged feeling of certainty among HNI (high system singular) home purchasers, there has been a critical flood sought after for the extravagance home resource class in the metropolitan urban communities of India. As per a worldwide riches report, since 2000, riches in India has become 9.2% per annum, quicker than the worldwide normal of 6% and this is an amazingly positive sign for the land area. This will prompt improved buying force and developing desires to purchase tip top homes.
1.5 AIM : To explore and break down the term extravagance and the limitations and difficulties created by the interesting setting of the land chose and structure extravagance dependent on the private complex close by of the site.
1.6 OBJECTIVE : 1 Study Objectives: 1.To examination the current examples and exercises of the Apartments. 2.To comprehend the prerequisites, utilitarian network of spaces and the nature of an Apartment building. 3.To examination the necessities of very good quality society and arranging as indicated by it. Understanding the space and giving a positive effect on the structure. 2 Design Objectives: 1.The essential target is cautious arranging and planning the lodging, recreational regions to make walker streets and lessen the utilization of transportation frameworks inside the site. 2.To comprehend the term extravagance and its understanding with engineering and planning to the requirements of the very good quality society.
VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 8
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
1.7 SCOPE : Extravagance homes have consistently been a class resource in the metropolitan urban areas of India. High total assets people consistently favor having their own space for individual just as recreational use. Be that as it may, the expanding populace and industrialisation have made it hard for people to have their own plot of land and build a private extravagance home upon it. The option of remaining in a condo sometimes falls short for everybody because of constrained space, absence of protection, restricted stopping zone and definitely no space for recreational exercises. Driven by the rising interest of extravagance loft people are purchasing unsatisfactory properties which have been labeled as sumptuous however don't really meet the acknowledged standards of extravagance properties. So regardless of whether individuals are having the buying power, it isn't being used to its maximum capacity in view of the absence of accessibility of extravagance lofts. One more explanation is that such condos are an exceptionally appealing speculation for speculators as it can receive very great rewards and returns in the long haul.
LAWS OF MUMBAI: DEVELOPMENT CONTROL REGULATIONS for MUMBAI METROPOLITAN REGION 2016 - 2036
1.8 INTERNET/BOOK CASE STUDY: KANCHANJUNGA APARTMENTS, MUMBAI Project Profile:
Name & Address: Kanchanjunga Apartments Dr Gopalrao Deshmukh Road, Cumbala Hill, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400026. Type of Project: VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 9
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
High-end Residential Apartments Architect: Charles Correa Associates Structural Engineer: Shirish Patel Project Duration: 1970-1983 Architectural style: Modern, Brutalism
Site & Location:
VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 10
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
Location of city in the state: Bombay lies on the western coast of India and is a major commercial center for the country. Location of the site Neighborhood in the city: The Kanchanjunga Apartments are located south-west of downtown Mumbai in an upscale sub-urban setting. Area of site: 5260 SQ.M Orientation: The tower is oriented towards east-west to take advantage of the prevailing breezes and views of the Arabian Sea and the surrounding harbor. No. of residences & no. of floors: 32 residences varying from 3 to 6 Bedrooms accommodated in 28 floors.
Planning: VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 11
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
Site planning:
The 28 storied Apartment tower sits in the center of the plot having an area of about 5260 SQ.M. The Site is approached from the Pedal road on the east side. The Building is a square of 21m x 21m having a footprint of 436 SQ.M. Floor plans: Type A- 3 Bedrooms x 10 = 294 SQ.M Type B- 3 Bedrooms x 12 = 242 SQ.M Type C- 5 Bedrooms x 8 = 373 SQ.M Type D- 4 Bedrooms x 4 = 361 SQ.M In all 32 flats with 200 residents.
VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 12
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 13
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 14
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 15
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 16
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
Sections:
VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 17
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
Structure:
THE LAKE TRIO – HIGH END APARTMENTS & VILLAS 60
Whole structure is made of reinforced concrete. The building is a 32-storied reinforced concrete structure with 6.3m cantilevered open terraces. The central core houses lifts and other services and also provides main structural elements for resisting lateral loads. The central core was constructed ahead of the main structure by slip method of construction. This technique was used for the first time in India for a Multi-storied building.
VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 18
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
2. LITERATURE STUDY 2.1 Structural Evolution of High-Rise Buildings : •
First Generation (1780-1850) 1. The exterior walls of these buildings consisted of stone or sometimes cast iron was added for decorative purposes. 2. The columns were constructed of cast iron, often unprotected; steel and wrought iron were used for the beams, and the floors were made of wood.
•
Second Generation (1850- 1940) 1. The second generation of tall buildings, which includes the Metropolitan Life Building (1909), the Woolworth Building (1913), and the Empire State Building (1931), are frame structures, in which the skeleton of welded- or riveted-steel columns and beams, often encased in concrete, runs through the entire building. 2. This type of construction makes for an extremely strong structure, but not such attractive floor space. The interiors are full of heavy, load-bearing columns and walls.
•
Third Generation (1940- Present) 1. Buildings constructed from after World War II until today make up the most recent generation of high-rises buildings. 2. Within this generation, there are those of steel-framed construction (core wall), and steel-framed reinforced concrete construction. 3. Hybrid systems also evolved during this time. These systems make use more than one type of structural system in a building.
VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 19
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
2.2 Classification of Tall Building Structural System 1. It can be classified based on the structural material used such as concrete or steel. 2. Structural systems of tall buildings can also be divided into two broads. Categories: a) Interior Structures b) Exterior Structures 3. The classification is based on the distribution of the components lateral load-resisting system over the building. 4. A system is categorized as an interior structure when the major part of the lateral load resisting system is located within the interior of the building. 5. Likewise, if the major part of the lateral load resisting system is located at the building perimeter, a system is categorized as an exterior structure.
Exterior structures and interior structures [source- google images]
VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 20
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
Shear Frames • Rigid Frame Structure A rigid frame in structural engineering is the load-resisting skeleton constructed with straight or curved members interconnected by mostly rigid connections which resist movements induced at the joints of members. Its members can take a bending moment, shear, and axial loads. • It is consisting of columns and girders joined by moment resistant connections. • It can build up to 20 to 25 floors. Examples 1. Lake Shore Drive Apartments, Chicago. 2. The Ingalls Building, Ohio.
Examples of rigid frame structures [source- google images]
VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 21
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
• Shear Wall StructureConcrete or masonry continuous vertical walls may serve both architecturally partitions and structurally to carry gravity and lateral loading. Very high in-plane stiffness and strength make them ideally suited for bracing tall building. • It is usually built as the core of the building. • It can build up to 35 floors Example 1. Seagram Building, Manhattan, New York 2. Cook County Administration Building, Chicago
Examples of shear wall structures [source- google images]
VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 22
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
Interacting Systems Braced Frame Structure A braced frame is a structural system commonly used in structures subject to lateral loads such as wind and seismic pressure. The members in a braced frame are generally made of structural steel, which can work effectively both in tension and compression. 1. Vertical truss: resist lateral loads. 2. K. V, X members eliminating bending under lateral loading. 3. Column girder and diagonal Bracing are connected by pin joints. 4. Fabrication is more economical than other moment-resisting connection in a rigid framed structure.
John hancock center, chicago [source- google images]
VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 23
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
Braced Frame Structure with Shear Core 1. Shear walls: To resist the lateral load caused by wind & earthquake. Relatively thin: height/width. 2. The assembly of shear walls is known as coupled shear wall. 3. Belt trusses distribute the tensile and compressive force to the large no. of exterior trusses. Example Empire State Building, New York
Empire state building, new york [source- google images]
Outrigger Trusses The core may be centrally located with outriggers extending on both sides or in some cases it may be located on one side of the building with outriggers extending to the building columns on the other side. 1. The outriggers are generally in the form of trusses (one or two stories deep) in steel VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 24
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
structures, or walls in concrete structures, that effectively act as stiff headers inducing a tension-compression couple in the outer columns. 2. Belt trusses are often provided to distribute these tensile and compressive forces to a large number of exterior frame columns. 3. It can build up to 150 floors.
Outrigger Trusses [source- google images]
Tubular Systems The tube system concept is based on the idea that a building can be designed to resist lateral loads by designing it as a hollow cantilever perpendicular to the ground. 1. In the simplest incarnation of the tube, the perimeter of the exterior consists of closely spaced columns that are tied together with deep spandrel beams through moment connections. 2. This of columns and beam forms a rigid frame that amounts to a dense and strong structural wall along the exterior of the building. 3. The different tubular systems are 1.Braced tube 2.Bundled tube 3.Tube in tube
VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 25
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
Framed Tube
-
1. The lateral resistant of the framed-tube structures is provided by very stiff momentresistant frames that form a 'tube' around the perimeter of the building 2. The basic inefficiency of the frame system for reinforced concrete buildings of more than 15 stories resulted in member proportions of prohibitive size and structural material cost premium, and thus such system was economically not viable. 3. The frames consist of 6-12 ft (2-4m) centre to centre closely spaced columns, joined by deep spandrel girders. 4. The outer tube carries 100% of the lateral loads and 75% to 90% of the gravity loads. The rest of the gravity loading is shared between the tube and interior column or walls. 5. When lateral loading acts, the perimeter frame aligned in the direction of loading acts like the-webs of the massive tube of the cantilever, and those normal to the direction of the loading act as the-flanges. 6. The tube form was developed originally for the building of a rectangular plan, and probably it's most efficient use in that shape. Example Aon Center, Chicago (USA)
Aon center, chicago (usa) [source- google images] VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 26
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
Braced Tube The trussed tube system represents a classic solution for a tube uniquely suited to the qualities and character of structural steel. 1. It interconnects all exterior columns to form a rigid box, which can resist lateral shears by axial tension in its members rather than through flexure. 2. Introducing a minimum number of diagonals on each façade and making the diagonal intersect at the same point at the corner column. 3. The system is tubular in that the fascia diagonals not only form a truss in the plane but also interact with the trusses on the perpendicular faces to affect the tubular behavior. This creates the x form between corner columns on each façade. 4. Relatively broad column spacing can result in large clear spaces for windows, a particular characteristic of steel buildings. 5. The facade diagonalization serves to equalize the gravity loads of the exterior columns that give a significant impact on the exterior architecture.
John hancock center, chicago [source- google images] VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 27
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
Bundled Tube The concept allows for wider column spacing in the tubular walls than would be possible with only the exterior frame tube form. 1. The spacing which makes it possible to place interior frame lines without seriously compromising interior space planning. 2. The ability to modulate the cells vertically can create a powerful vocabulary for a variety of dynamic shapes, therefore, offers great latitude in the architectural planning of at all building.
Bundled tube structure [source- google images]
Tube in Tube Structure This variation of the framed tube consists of an outer frame tube the ' an internal elevator and service core. Hull' together with 1. The Hull and core act jointly in resisting both gravity and lateral loading. 2. The outer framed tube and the inner core interact horizontally as the shear and flexural VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 28
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
Tube in Tube Structure components of a wall-frame structure, with the benefit of increased lateral stiffness. 3. The structural tube usually adopts a highly dominant role because of its much greater structural depth.
Tube in tube structure [source- google images]
Mega Frame Structure 1. Building rise above 60 stories 2. Utilizes mega columns comprise the chords of the oversized braced frames corners. 3. Linked by multi-story trusses at every 15-20 story intervals. 4. Often at mechanical floor levels. 5. Mechanical Floors can be used to construct a stiff horizontal subsystem. Examples 1. Hotel De las Artes, Madrid 2. Tuntex Sky tower, Taiwan
VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 29
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
Mega Frame Structure -
Example of mega frame structure [source- google images]
Space Truss Structure Space truss structures are modified braced tubes with diagonals connecting the exterior to interior 1. In a typical braced tube structure, all the diagonals, which connect the chord membersvertical corner columns in general, are located on the plane parallel to the facades. 2. However, in space trusses, some diagonals penetrate the interior of the building. Example Bank of China (I.M.PIE) Diagonal tower VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 30
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
Space Truss Structure –
Example of space truss structure [source- google images]
VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 31
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
Structural Concerns – 1. The primary structural skeleton of a tall building can be visualized as an upward cantilever beam with its base fixed in the ground. The structure has to carry the vertical gravity loads and the lateral wind and earthquake loads. 2. Gravity loads are caused by dead and live loads. Lateral loads tend to snap the building or topple it. The building must, therefore, have adequate shear and bending resistance and must not lose its vertical load-carrying capability.
Fighting gravity 1. The weight of the building is supported by a group of vertical columns. 2. Each floor is supported by horizontal steel girders running between vertical columns. 3. A curtain wall made of steel and concrete attaches to the outside
Wind resistance 1. Buildings taller than 10 storeys would generally require additional steel for the lateral system. 2. The most basic method for controlling horizontal sway is to simply tighten up the structure. At the point where the horizontal girders attach to the vertical column, the construction crew bolt: and welds them on the top and bottom. as well as the side. This makes the entire steel superstructure move more as one unit, like a pole, as opposed to a flexible skeleton. 3. For taller skyscrapers, tighter connections don't do the trick to keep these buildings from swaying heavily. engineers have to construct especially strong cores through the centre of the building. 4. The effects of wind can also be minimized by aerodynamic shaping of the building. Wind tunnel testing considers appropriate loading for overall lateral system design and cladding design and predicts motion perception and pedestrian level effects. 5. Use of damping systems as the building becomes taller and the building's sway due to lateral forces becomes critical, there is a greater demand on the girders and columns that make up the rigid-frame system to carry lateral forces.
VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 32
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
Structural Load Structural loads are forces, deformations, or accelerations applied to a structure or its components.
Types of loads Dead load Loads that are relatively constant over time. It is also known as permanent or static loads.
Live Load 1. Dynamic or impose or moving loads, temporary of short duration. 2. Considerations: impact, momentum, vibration, slosh dynamics of the fluid.
Environmental Loads These are loading that act as a result of weather, topography and other natural phenomena. These are: Dead load Snow load Live load Water load Earth pressure Water pressure.
Environmental loads [source- google images] VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 33
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
Seismic Load 1. Buildings undergo dynamic motion during the earthquake. 2. The building is subjected to inertia forces that act in the opposite direction to the acceleration of earthquake excitations. 3. These inertia forces called seismically loads are usually dealt with by assuming forces external to the building.
Sesmic load [source- google images] Seismic loads, are usually dealt with by assuming forces external to the building
Wind Loads – 1. Thermal loads (temperature changes leading to thermal expansion) 2. The lateral pressure of soil, groundwater or bulk materials. 3. Wind load has the ability to bring a building to sway. 4. Wind velocity increases with the increase in height.
Wind load [source- google images] VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 34
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
Wind Loads Wind Turbulence 1. When any moving air mass meets an obstruction, such as building, it responds like any fluids by moving to each side, then rejoining the major airflow. 2. The Ventury effect is one type of turbulent wind action. Turbulence develops as the moving air mass is funneled through the narrow space between two tall buildings. The corresponding wind velocity in this space exceeds the wind velocity of the major airflow.
Core 1. The core is one of the most important structural and functional elements of the highrise building 2. The core of a building is the area reserved for elevators’ stairs, mechanical equipment and the vertical shafts that are necessary for ducts, pipes and wires 3. Its wall is also the most common location for the vertical wind bracing. 4, The placement of the service core stems from four generic types which are: Central core Split-core End core Atrium core
Typology of service core [source- google images]
VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 35
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
2.3 Servicses: 1.Fire Fighting Systems 1. The fire appears to be by far the most common extreme situation that will cause damage in structures, it must be a primary consideration in the design process. 2.‘The characteristic feature of a fire such as temperature and duration can be estimated from a knowledge of the important parameters involved, particularly the quality and nature of combustible material present, the possibility and extent of ventilation and the geometric and thermal properties of the fire compartment involved. 3. Once thetemperatures atthe varioussurfaces have been determined,from tegastemperaturecure, it ispossible toestimate heat flow throughtheinsulation andstructuralmembers. 4. The parameters that govern the approach are stochastic in nature, and the results of any calculation can be given only in probabilistic terms. The aim should be to achieve a homogeneous design in which the risks due to the different extreme situations are comparable.
Location of a stand pipe in building [source- google images]
VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 36
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
Fire zone Demarcation For coding, city or area under jurisdiction or authority is demarcated into distinct zones, based on fire hazard inherent in the building and structures according to occupancy. Group A or Residential buildings are comprised in Fire Zone 1. 2. Fire Prevention Every building shall be so constructed, equipped, maintained and operated as to avoid undue danger to the life and safety of the occupants from fire, smoke, fumes or panic during the period necessary for escape. 3. Fire Safety and Services 1. Electrical and ventilation services- Electrical installations, air-conditioning and ventilation should be installed and maintained to minimize the danger of the spread of fire, smoke or fumes from one floor to other. 2. Air-conditions and ventilation should be provided with manual and automatic control to shut automatically in case of fire and stop it from spreading. 3. Smoke Venting-Smoke venting facilities should be provided for ensuring safe exit with automatic and manual control both. 4. Openings and Fire Safety 1. Every wall opening should be protected with a fire-resistant door with a fire rating of min 2 h. 2. Openings in-wall or floor for the passage of services should be enclosed by shaft or duct with a fire rating of 2 hours. 3. Every vertical opening should be enclosed or protected to ensure the escape of its occupants and limit the damage to the building. 5. Glazing 1. Wired glasses should have a minimum 1 hour fire-resistance rating. 2. The sashes and frame should be entirely made of iron stainless steel or other suitable metal. 3. Electro copper glazing, casement, the skylight will also follow the same criteria. 4. The glass used for the facade of a high-rise building should have a minimum of 1-hour fire-resistance rating. VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 37
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
5. Louvres should have a minimum fire-resistance rating of hour. 6. Occupancy Wise Requirements Design Precautions 1. Every individual living unit covered by occupancy sub-division A-4 shall comply with the requirement for occupancy subdivision A-2 in respect of exits. 2. More than two rooms, every occupied room, excluding areas used solely for storage shall have at least two means of exits, at least one of which shall be a door or a stairway providing a means of unobstructed travel to the outside of the building or street or grade level. 3. A common path of travel may be permitted for the first 6 m (that is a dead-end corridor up to 6 m long may be permitted). 4. No room or space shall be occupied which is accessible only by a ladder, folding stairs or through a trap door. 5. Any part of building lower than the grade level or street shall have direct accessibility from outside. 6. At least half of required exits shall discharge directly to the outside of the buildings, any other exit shall be the same as required for hotels. 7. Life Safety General Exit Requirement 1. Every building meant for human occupancy should be provided with exits sufficient to permit the safe escape of its occupants, in case of fire, or emergency. 2. An exit can be • A doorway or a corridor • The passageway(s) to internal or external staircase/verandah /terrace, which has access to the street, or to the roof or a refuge area. • A horizontal exit leading to an adjoining building at the same level. Lifts and escalators shall not be considered as exits. 1. All exits should be free of obstructions and well equipped to be used in case of fire or other emergencies. 2. Exits should be: •
Clearly visible
•
Illuminated to the value of 1 ft candle
•
Should provide continuous means of escape to the exterior
•
The route to reach the exit shall be clearly marked
VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 38
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
•
Signs posted to guide the occupants of the floor concerned.
8. Arrangements of Exit 1. Total time taken to evacuate a floor by all its occupants should not exceed 2 min. The travel distance to an exit from the dead-end of a corridor should not be more than 22.530 m. (in case of fully sprinklered building, the travel distance can be increased by 50%). 2. In case of more than one exit, it should be placed as remote from each other as possible and should have direct access in separate directions from any point. 3. The internal walls of staircase enclosures should be of brickwork or reinforced concrete or any other material of construction with a minimum of 2 h rating. They should be of enclosed type. 4. At least one of them should be on the external walls and should open directly to an open space of safety. 5. All corridors (minimum 1000mm) and staircase lobbies should be adequately ventilated. 9. Fire exit exit doorways 1. It should open into an enclosed stairway or any exit. 2. The exit width should not be less than 1000 mm. 3. It should open outward. 4. It should have a landing before the flight of stairs, equal to the width of the door. 5. It should be openable from the side which they serve.
Exit doorways (source: google images) VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 39
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
Refuge Area – Refuge area shall be provided in buildings of height more than 24 m. Refuge area provided shall be planned to accommodate the occupants of two consecutive floors (this shall consider occupants of the floor where refuge is provided and occupants of floor above) by considering area of 0.3 m2 per person for the calculated number of occupants and shall include additionally to accommodate one wheelchair space of an area of 0.9 m2 for every 200 occupants, portion thereof, based on the occupant load served by the area of refuge or a minimum of 15 m2, whichever is higher, shall be provided as under: 1. The refuge area shall be provided on the periphery of the floor & open to air at least on one side protected with suitable railing. 2. For floors above 24m & up to 39m one refuge area on the floor immediately above 24m. 3. For floors above 39m, one refuge area on the floor immediately above 39m & so on after 15m refuge area shall be provided. SA BUILDING-A REFUGE FLOOR P Figure 43. Ref. As per section 8.12.3 on part IV of NBC Ramps 1. They should comply with all the requirements for staircase regarding enclosure, capacity and limiting dimensions. 2. The slope of the ramp should not exceed 1:10. 3. In danger of slipping, non-slipping material should be applied on the surface. Fire Lift 1. The lift installed to enable fire services personnel to reach different floors with minimum delay, having such features as required following this part. 2. High buildings can be provided with a fire lift with a minimum capacity of 8 passengers and fully automated with emergency switch on the ground level. 3. In case of fire, the only fireman should operate the fire lift. 4. Should be equipped with intercommunication equipment.
VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 40
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
5. Its position and number can be determined by considering population, floor area, compartmentation 6. A sign indicates that is a Fireman's elevator. That is also a normal Kone passenger elevator when it not in fire service mode. Emergency Lighting A complete but discrete emergency lighting installation from the standby power source to the emergency lighting lamp(s), for example, self-contained emergency luminaire or a circuit from central battery generator connected through wiring to several escape luminaries. Escape Lighting That part of emergency lighting which is provided to ensure that the escape route is illuminated at all material times, for example, at all times when persons are on the premises, or at times the main lighting is not available, either for the whole building or for the escape routes. Fire Protection a) Fire Extinguishers/Fixed Fire Fighting Installation 1. All buildings depending upon the occupancy use and height should be protected by fire extinguishers, wet riser, down-comer, automatic sprinkler installation, high medium velocity water spray, water storage tanks, fire pumps etc., according to the provision. 2. Generally used firefighting types of equipment in GROUP A buildings: 3. Fire Extinguisher, Hose Reel. Wet Riser, Down Comer, Hydrant, Pump, Automatic Sprinkler System, Underground Static Water-Storage Tank, Illuminated Exit-Way Marking Signs, Automatic/ Manually Operate Fire Detection and Alarm System. Fire Fighting Requirements in Residential Buildings 1. It is required to be installed in the basement if the area of basement exceeds 200 sqm. 2. Additional value given in parenthesis shall be added if basement area exceeds 200 sqm. 3. If the basement provided is used for car parking and the area there of exceeds 750 sqm then the sprinklers shall be fed water from both underground static water storage tank and terrace tank to be installed in the entire building. VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 41
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
Hose Reel 1. It is a high-pressure hose that carries water or another fire retardant to a fire to extinguish it. 2. It can be attached to a building's standpipe or plumbing system, with a high structure to accommodate the length of a hose to let it dry after use. It works on a pressure of 8-20 kpa. Wet Riser 1. Wet risers are used to supply water within buildings for fire-fighting purposes. Wet risers are permanently charged with water. 2. A Wet riser pump draws water from the wet riser storage tank and two sets of the pump, with landing valves at specified locations on each floor. 3. It should be supplied with power from an emergency generator. 4. Wet riser (diameter 150mm) cum down comer or only down comer system shall be provided for residential building. 5. For each 1000sq m floor area or it's part one riser shall be provided. 6. Group A, high rise buildings should have the riser mains of size 100mm as single outlet landing valves. 7. At every landing twin outlet each of 63mm dia. shall be provided (one should be connected to hose reel & another should be to hose & branch). 8. Length of the hose should be shall that it should reach the last point of floor area. 9. Minimum two courtyard hydrants shall be provided (courtyard hydrant will be an extension to riser). 10. Hose reel hose of 12mm dia. shall be provided from landing valve to wet-riser at each floor Dry Riser 1. It is a form of an internal hydrant for the fireman to use. 2. A dry riser is a normally empty pipe, that can be externally connected to a pressurized water source by firefighters. 3. It is a vertical pipe intended to distribute water to multiple levels of a building or structure as a component of the fire suppression systems VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 42
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
4. An arrangement of firefighting within the building by means of vertical rising mains not less than 100 mm internal diameter with landing valves on each floor landing which is normally dry but is capable of being charged with water usually by pumping from fire service appliances. Down-Comer 1. An arrangement of firefighting within the building by means of a down-comer pipe. 2. It is connected to the terrace tank through terrace pump, gate valve and non return valve and having mains not less than 100 mm internal diameter. It has landing valves on each floor/landing. 3.It is also fitted with inlet connections at ground level for charging with water by pumping from fire service appliances and air release valve at roof level to release trapped air inside. Static Water Storage Tank 1. Satisfactory water supply for the purpose of firefighting should be always available in the form of underground terrace level static storage tank with capacity 10,000 litres minimum. 2. Provision for a suitable number of manholes should be made for inspection, repairs etc. 3. To prevent stagnation of water, the suction tank of the water supply should be fed only through an overflow arrangement to maintain the level. 4. Water tank capacity mentioned below is for 1 riser. If the number of risers will be more than 1, than the quantity of water shall be increased in that proportionate water tank. Fire Detection 1. In high rise buildings, automatic fire detection and alarm facilities should be provided to warn its occupants early of the existence of fire, so that they may escape, or to facilitate the orderly conduct of fire exit drills. 2. They detect and warn people through visual and audio appliances when smoke, fire, carbon dioxide or other emergencies are present.
VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 43
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
3. An important consideration when designing fire alarms is that of individual zones. At least one in a zone. the fire alarm should be placed 4. A single zone should not exceed 2.000m2 in floor space. 5. A building may be viewed as a single zone if the floor space is less than 300m Type of Construction 1. The design of any building and the type of materials used in its construction are crucial in determining the building's fire resistance. 2. The fire resistance of a building or its structural and non-structural elements is expressed in hours against a specified fire load (Fire Load - Calorific energy, of the whole contents contained in a space, including the facings of the walls, partitions, floors and ceilings) which is expressed in kcal/sq. m, and against a certain intensity of fire. 3. For high rise buildings, non-combustible materials should be used for construction General Requirements 1. A building may be occupied during construction, repairs, alteration or addition only if all the means of exit and well-maintained fire protection measures are in place. 2. During construction of a high rise building following measures must be taken: 3. Dry riser pipe (100 mm dia) with hydrant outlets should be constructed on all floors with a fire service inlet and in well-maintained condition should be laid down. 4. 2000 L capacity water drum with 2 fire buckets on each floor. 5. There should be a 20,000 L capacity water storage tank. Open Spaces and Street Width 1. Buildings should have 6m wide open space on its four sides. 2. At least one side main street should be 12m wide. 3. For buildings with height above 30m, the road should not be a dead end. 4. The premises should have at least 4.5 m wide and 5 m high gateway.
VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 44
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
BUILDING CONTROLS – As per municipal corporation of greater mumbai development control regulation-2034
NO.
ASPECT
DESCRIPTION
1.
Permissible land use
Residential
2.
F.S.I
4.8
3.
Max. permissible BAU
2,43,267.88 SQ.M
4.
Max. permissible ground coverage
5.
Max. permissible building height
6.
Max. permissible floors
7.
Floor height
3.8m
8.
Basement/ stilts
Height- The height of the basement from the floor to the underside of the roofslab or ceiling or under side of a beam when the basement has a beam shall not be less than 2.4 m.
9.
Setbacks
for a building with height more than 70 m the side and rear marginal open spaces shall not be less than 9 m and 12 m beyond 120 m subject to fulfillment of fire safety requirement as specified in these Regulations. Front- 12 m Side 1- 12 m Side 2- 12 m Rare- 12 m
VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 45
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
10.
Parking space requirements
Type of Vehicle Minimum size/Area of parking space (a) Motor vehicle 2.5 m x 5.5 mn (b) Scooter, Motor-cycle 3 sq. m (Least dimension shall be minimum1.2 m) (c) Bicycle 1.4 sq.m Type of Vehicle Clear width of Ramp in meters(m) Light Motor Vehicle (LMV) One Way Ramp 3.00 m Two Way Ramp 6.00 m
11.
Location of parking space
12.
Podium
A podium may be permitted in plot admeasuring 1000 sq.m or more. The podium provided with ramp may be permitted in one or more level, total height not exceeding 32 m above ground level.
13.
Max. permissible balcony
Balconies may be permitted at each floor. (i) No balcony shall reduce the minimum marginal open space to less than 3 m at the rear and sides and 1.5m in the front. (ii) 15% of total floor area
VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 46
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
AREA CALCULATION FOR LUXURY APPARTMENT SITE AREA = 61,431.28 SQ.M (15.18 ACRE) OPEN SPACE 12.5%= 7,678 SQ.M AMENITIES 5% = 3,071.56SQ.M SITE AREA – OPEN SPACE =PLOT AREA 53,752.37 SQ.M 53,752.37 – 5% AMENITIES = 50,680.81 SQ.M NET PLOT AREA X F.S.I (4.8) = TOTAL BUILTUP AREA TOTAL BUILTUP AREA = 50,680.81 X 4.8 = 2,43,267.88 SQ.M
VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 47
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
3. CASE STUDY
Project Profile: Name & address: Omkar 1973 Worli, Near Neelam Center Off Annie Besant Road, Worli, Mumbai. Type of Project: Residential Apartments.
Group of Companies: A Project by Omkar Realtors & Developers Pvt. Ltd.
Architect: FOSTER + PARTNERS VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 48
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
RCC Consultant: Buro Happold Engineers India Pvt Ltd
Project Duration: Phase 3 still going on.
Site & Location:
Location of city in the state: West of Maharashtra. Site surroundings: Mostly Commertian and Residential existing and even proposed. Age or condition of the neighbourhood buildings: Rapid construction around project building. Most of buildings are constructed in previous 5-10 years, are in good condition.
Approach roads: Globe mill road Climate: Humid VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 49
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
Planning: Site planning:
No. of entries: 3 main entries.
Internal roads: Road surrounding each apartment.
Parking: Three basment level parking and 14 floors above ground parking.
Layout Amenities: Health club Sky Terrace Swimming pool Squash Courts VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 50
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
Children’s play area Banquet Hall Liblary Spa
Building Amenities: Video door phone system Fire fighting system High speed lift Intercom facility Backup for lifts
Services: Services (Building): The central service core consists of: Energy : High effciency heat pumps system for domestic hot water. Low energy light sources. Heat recovery systems used for ventilation provides fresh air and improved climate control, while also saving energy by reducing heating and cooling requirements.
Water: Trees / landscaping in and around the development will have low-water use plants, and water minimization on turfed areas. Waste water will be recycled and used for plants and _ushes.
Waste: Advanced waste management technology ensures the separation of organic and inorganic waste which are then separately disposed and recycled accordingly. A state-of- the art sewage treatment plant.
Safety: Fire safety Heat detectors in the kitchen Smoke detectors in lobbies (on all _oors) Sprinkler systems in common areas Emergency evacuation system Fire escape chutes Fire lifts Pressurised staircases VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 51
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
Fire alarm system A staircase Normal lift Fire fighting shaft Electrical shaft
Structure: R.C.C. framed structure. OMKAR1973 Towers is an Iconic Residential Skyscraper that offers 3BHK, 4BHK and 5BHK Residential Apartments in South Mumbai. A Sky Bungalow at OMKAR1973 Worli comes with an envious view of the City and Arabian Sea. Super Luxury Residential Space Spread Over 4.5 Acres of Land Comprises of 3 Residential Towers i.e. A Wing, B Wing and C Wing. Floorplan / Layout / Configuration Options Available in Omkar1973 Towers Worli Mumbai 3 BHK – 3 Bedrooms 4 BHK – 4 Bedrooms 5 BHK – 5 Bedrooms
VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 52
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
TOWER 1 FLOOR PLANS :
VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 53
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
ENTRANCE LOBBY :
VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 54
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 55
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
PODIUM :
VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 56
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 57
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
Project Profile: Name & address: Elixa Park C.S. No. 517 A/1, E Ward, Near Star Bazar & TVS MAI Hyundai, Opp. Hotel Sayaji, Kolhapur, Maharashtra 416005.
Type of Project: Commertial + Residential Apartments.
Group of Companies: Ajaysinh V Desai Engineers and Contractors Ajaysinh V Desai Promotors and Developers Ajaysinh V Desai Builders and Developers
Management: Senior Team Leaders Project Managers Asst. Project Manager Senior Engineers Junior Engineers
Architect: SYNTHESIS DESIGN WORKPLACE
RCC Consultant:
VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 58
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
Project Duration: 4 years since 2016 & still going on.
Site & Location:
Location of city in the state: West of Maharashtra.
Site surroundings: Mostly Commertian and Residential existing and even proposed.
Age or condition of the neighbourhood buildings: Rapid construction around project building. Most of buildings are constructed in previous 6-7 years, are in good condition.
Approach roads: Old pune banglore highway
VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 59
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
Climate: Hot semi-arid climate bordering with tropical wet & dry climate.
Planning: Site planning:
VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 60
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
No. of entries: 2 main entries and 1 service entry.
Entrance: Single entrance to the Apartment building & to a particular Flat.
Internal roads: Road surrounding each apartment.
Parking: Two basment level parking .
Layout Amenities: Health club Swimming pool Children’s play area Amphitheatre Multipurpurpose party hall Liblary Lounge foe senior citizen Spa
Building Amenities: Video door phone system Fire fighting system High speed lift Intercom facility Backup for lifts
Services: Services (Building): The central service core consists of: A staircase Normal lift Stretcher/Goods lift Fire fighting shaft Electrical shaft
Structure: R.C.C. framed structure.
VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 61
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
4. SITE ANALYSIS : Locality of Mumbai, India : There are only a few places where the composition of land and water demands the creation of a city and the opening of Thane creek, the largest natural harbour on India’s west coast is the home of Mumbai (Bombay). Protected by a 247 square mile island extending into the Arabic sea, the bay is now almost entirely urbanised by present-day Mumbai and about a third of Greater Mumbai’s population lives on the southern ‘finger’ of
the
island,
with
more
than
two-thirds
of
the
jobs
located
there.
This is largely seen as a result of real estate speculation and greater interest in developing South Mumbai, where the chronic shortage of office space promised far higher returns.
LOCATION MAP :
VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 62
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
THE SITE: WORLI, MUMBAI, INDIA (Source Google earth)
SITE APPROCH : Proximity To CBD Bandra Kurla Complex (5 Mins Drive Via Bandra Worli Sea Link City Airport And Suburban Area (15 Mins Drive Via Bandra Worli Sea Link) New CBD Is Just Within 10 Kms Driving Distance Nariman Point (15 Minute Drive)
VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 63
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
PROPOSED SITE : The site is locatded in worli, mumbai, india, includes two major land marks near site. A unique ecosystem, strong soil stability, and high temperature and humidity. The location provides a lush tendency towards sea facing view and rugged terrain.
SITE ANALYSIS : (source Google earth)
The site contains low ridge tops in west side. The geography of the site is typical of the remainder of mumbai south bombay and the mumbai. Vegetative cover tends to be scrubby/shrub plants covering the primary the site. The site location is situated in south mumbai worli which is island city of mumbai. This site land belongs to private owner. It is well known because of its proximity to the worli sea link. VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 64
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
The approximate site area is around 64,976.11 sq.m (16 acre) The site dynamic in terms of human activity keeping it active 24X7. The site is next to thane-belapur road gives connectivity and vehicular traffic around it.
LAND USE MAP :
GREATER MUMBAI DEVELOPMENT PLAN - 2034 ISLAND CITY – WARD : GN & GS – IC 23
Geology of Mumbai : Refers to the geology of the city of the island city of Mumbai. Back Bay and Bandra reclamation are the major reclamation areas of Mumbai in the Arabian sea.
Soil: The predominant soil cover in Mumbai city is sandy, whereas in the suburban district, the soil cover is alluvial and loamy.
PEOPLE: HOUSING DENSITY: Residential landuse for the city is shown, expressed as housing density. Housing density is divided into three categories: high, medium, low. Generally the data provided by each city had a code or an indicator such as "residential high density." Generally, no numeric VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 65
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
value determined the density, rather an indicator of housing zones or actual building type identified the housing type, and thus the density. In Mumbai, housing density was determined by how many floors where in a building. Three divisions were made to derive the high, medium, low density (ie. one or two floors = low density; three or four floors = medium density).
POPULATION DENSITY: Census data reveals that population density varies noticeably from area to area. Small area census data do a better job depicting how where the crowded neighborhoods are. In this map, the yellow areas of highest density range from 30,000 to 150,000 persons per square kilometer. In those areas, if the people were spread out evenly across the area, there would be just 4 to 9 meters between them. Very high density areas exceed 7,000 persons per square kilometer. High density areas exceed 5,200 persons per square kilometer. The last categories break at 3,330 persons per square kilometer, and 1,500 persons per square kilometer.
VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 66
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
MOVEMENT: TRAFFIC:
This map shows the traffic conditions you can expect at this time of day in this city. VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 67
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
5.REQUIREMENTS : REQUREMENTS FOR LUXURY APPARTMENT SR.
DISCRIPTION
OCCUPANTS
AREA SQ.M
NOS .
6
2
a) 4 WHEELER PARKING
15,097
1098
b) 2 WHEELER PARKING
1,647
549
687.5
50
100
50
NO. 1.
ENTRY, EXIT AND PARKING i.
2.
9
SECURITY ROOM
a) ENTRY
3
b) EXIT
2
ii.
CHECK POST
2
iii.
REGISTRATION OFFICE
2
iv.
VISITORS PARKING 5%
v.
STAFF PARKING
vi.
a) 4 WHEELER PARKING b) 2 WHEELER PARKING RESERVED PARKING
33,489
a) 4 WHEELER PARKING
30,195
2,196
b) 2 WHEELER PARKING
3,294
1098
ENTRANCE FOYER i.
PORCH
ii.
ENTRANCE LOBBY+ WAITING
VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 68
290 8 CARS
100
2
50
112
2
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
3.
4.
iii.
RECEPTION
4
10
2
iv.
INFORMATION DESK
2
10
2
v.
TOILET a) MALE TOILET
15
2
b) FEMALE TOILET
15
2
ADMINISTRATION
9
80
i.
GENERAL MANAGER
1
20
ii.
HR
2
20
iii.
BUILDING MANGER OFFICE
2
20
iv.
FACILITY MANAGER 2
b) TECHNICAL MANAGER
2
STAFF AREAS
ii.
120
CHANGING ROOM 25
b) FEMALE
25
WASHROOMS
40
c) MALE
10
d) FEMALE
10
PANTRY
iv.
DINING
210 40
a) MALE
iii.
30 50
100
5 PEOPLE
320 SQ.M
TYPE OF APPARTMENT A. 3 BHK i.
LIVING ROOM
VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 69
1
20
a) MEP ENGINEER
i.
5.
60
1
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
ii.
2 BEDROOM WITH ATTACH TOILET
iii.
POWDER ROOM
iv.
KITCHEN
v.
STORE
vi.
UTILITY
vii.
DINING
viii.
BALCONY
ix.
MAID ROOM
B. 4 BHK i.
LIVING ROOM
ii.
4 BEDROOM WITH ATTACH TOILET
iii.
POWDER ROOM
iv.
KITCHEN
v.
STORE
vi.
UTILITY
vii.
DINING
viii.
BALCONY
ix.
5 PEOPLE
400 SQ.M
5 PEOPLE
500 SQ.M
MAID ROOM
C. 5 BHK (PENTHOUSE) i.
LIVING ROOM
ii.
4 BEDROOM WITH ATTACH TOILET
iii.
POWDER ROOM
iv.
KITCHEN
VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 70
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
6.
v.
STORE
vi.
UTILITY
vii.
DINING
viii.
MAID ROOM
AMENITIES 5%
3,071.5 6SQ.M
A. GYM + SPA (10% OF AMENITIES) i.
ENTRANCE LOBBY
ii.
MALE CHANGING & LOCKER ROOM
APR
307.17
a) TOILET AREA b) SHOWER ARED iii.
FEMALE CHANGING & LOCKER CHANGING ROOM
a) TOILET AREA b) SHOWER ARED iv.
EXERCISE STATION ROOM
v.
FITNESS INSTRUCTOR ROOM
vi.
EQUIPMENT STORAGE
SPA MALE FEMALE C. SWMMING POOL (OUTDOOR)
1,250
D. BANQUET HALL VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
500 Page 71
1,500
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
i.
HALL
ii.
TOILET
c) MALE TOILET d) FEMALE TOILET iii.
PANTRY
iv.
STORAGE
v.
UTILITY
E. YOGA & MEDITATION
200
600
1
F. BILLIARDS
60
1
G. SQUASH COURT
60
1
H. BASKETBALL COURT
180
1
45
1
I. CRICKET NET J. SKY GARDEN 2.
SERVICSES A. FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY
APR
FIRE WATER TANK B. ELECTRICAL AND ALLIED INSTALLATIONS
APR
ROOM FOR EMERGENCY POWER BACKUP SYSTEM ELECTRIC ROOM AT EACH FLOOR TRANSFORMER ROOM
C. AIR CONDITIONING, HEATING AND MECHANICAL VENTILATION
APR
D. ACOUSTICS, SOUND
APR
VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 72
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
INSULATION AND NOISE CONTROL E. LIFTS
APR
F. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION ENABLED INSTALLATIONS
APR
G. PLUMBING SERVICES (INCLUDING SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT)
APR
1. Water Supply
APR
OHT UGWT PUMP HOUSE 2. Drainage and Sanitation
APR
3. Solid Waste Management
APR
4. Gas Supply
APR
6.DESIGN AND DRAWINGS :
VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
Page 73
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
S.P.S.M.B.H’s COLLGE OF ARCHITECTURE KOLHAPUR
VIPUL DEVICHAND OSWAL 1621
