www.globaljournal.asia GJESR RESEARCH PAPER VOL. 2 [ISSUE 10] NOVEMBER, 2015
ISSN:- 2349–283X
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL COMPOUNDS PRODUCING MICROBES FROM SOIL AND WATER SAMPLES 1. Zainab Siddiqui, Graduation student 2.Saima Azmi, PhD scholar Department of biotechnology Integral university, Lucknow 227105 Abstract Actinomycetes are one of the most attractive sources of antibiotic.In the present studies total of four Actinomycetes strains were isolated from two different places in Lucknow, U.P, India. Isolated strains were identified for their activity but only two isolated show good resultsthey were Neisseria mucosa and Streptococcus equisimilis. Isolation of bacterial strain was done by serial dilution method. Primary screening of the culture was done by sub-culturing through simple streaking and quadrant streaking. Identification of bacteriawas done with help of Bergey’s manual and antibiotic sensitivity test was performing by agar will diffusion method. The pathogens were used E.coli, S.aureus, and P.aeruginosa against intracellular and extracellular antibacterial compounds which were isolated from the microbes. Best results were obtained for Neisseria mucosa against E.coli. Further Growth Kinetics study was done to know the log phase because in log phase culture will produce maximum secondary which works like antibacterial compounds. The present study is carried out by isolation of anti-bacterial compound producing microbes from the soil sample and characterization as well as production for this culture to get maximum secondary metabolites
1. INTRODUCTION The actinomycetes are gram positive, high G+C (>55%) organisms that tend to grow slowly as branching filaments. Many actinomycetes will grow on the common bacteriological media used in the laboratory, such as nutrient agar, trypticase soy agar, blood agar, and even brain-heart infusion agar. Actinomycetes encompass a wide range of bacteria. They can be terrestrial or aquatic.Actinobacteria is one of the dominant phyla of the bacteria. Analysis of glutamine synthetase sequence has been suggested for phylogenetic analysis of Actinobacteria. Actinomycetes are best known for their ability to produce antibiotics and are gram positive bacteria which comprise a group of branching unicellular microorganisms. They produce branchingmycelium
which may be of two kind’s viz., substrate mycelium andaerial mycelium. Among actinomycetes, the streptomycetes are the dominant. The non‐streptomycetes are called rare actinomycetes, comprising approximately 100 genera .Actinobacteria are well known as secondary metabolites producers and hence of high pharmacological and commercial interest. In 1940 Selman Waksman discovered that the soil bacteria he was studying made actinomycin, a discovery for which he received a Noble Prize. Since then, hundreds of naturally occurring antibiotics have been discovered in this terrestrial microorganism, especially from the genus Streptomyces. Antibiotics are compounds produced by microorganisms that are able to inhibit the growth of other microorganisms. Antibiotics are medicinal products that have an anti-bacterial effect, they either kill bacteria in the system or keep away them from reproducing, allowing the infected body to heal by producing its own defenses and overcome the infection. Screening of antibiotics has been widely performed for about last 50 years and new antibiotics are still being found. In screening of new antibiotics, new approaches are required and following three factors must be considered i.e. detection of antibiotic producing microorganisms, selection of producing microorganisms and cultivation methods. These are closely related to each other, and their efficient combination is essential for successful screening of an antibiotic interest 2. SOURCE OF ANTIBIOTICS Soil are cheap source of antibiotics, many bacteria are present in soil. Many antibiotics produce in microorganisms. People have been using herbal antibiotics traditionally for centuries to combat microbes that cause illnesses. Recently, scientists have studied and reported results supporting the use of these antimicrobial plants. Herbal antibiotics are milder than their pharmaceutical counterparts, which
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