IJBSTR ABSTRACT VOL 1 [ISSUE 5] MAY 2013
ISSN 2320-6020
Sewage: Smells like A Power Source for Developing Countries Nikhil Kumar Gupta1, Niyati Tandon2 and R. P. Singh* ABSTRACT: Most of us judder to think at our point in time about the environmental impact caused by sewage.
With the forethought, our present paper focuses on the sewage treatment. As we know sewage is waste carried water that is envisioned to be removed from society and all waste water produced by a city eventually ends up in water bodies which pose a big turmoil for on use of wasteful materials. Our approach reduces the demand on virgin source of these materials and eliminates potentially serve environmentally public health, environment concern. Being wise with the waste is our approach to waste management. This is undoubtedly a modernised approach that marks a shift away from thinking about waste as an unwanted encumbrance to seeing it is as a prized source. This environmentally friendly approach is worth pursuing. Keywords: sewage, sludge, filter channels, microbial fuel cell 1. Introduction The planet is facing ever increasing environmental pressures and no one can deny the fact that most of the developing countries like India have huge debt burdens and due to population explosion and aver increasing urbanization, people rely heavily on water resource and polluting in absence of better ancillary. Being wise with the marks a shift away from thinking about waste as an unwanted encumbrance to seeing it as a prized valued source. We advocate a multiple barrier approach to waste water that could reduce risk behaviours. In urban and sub-urban areas where people are packed close together and where there is a lot more waste water to treat. To accomplish this task collection of sewage which is being generated by residential, commercial and industrial establishment is done [1]. Multiple system pipe approach is employed to collect waste water from various waste originates to main sewage. Specialized main sewage has automatic filter channels [2] which eradicates sludge from waste carried water which is a part of preliminary treatment of waste water . Now once the water reaches the waste water treatment plant. It goes through 1,2,3 stages of treatment depending on sophistication of plant. Primary treatment consists of temporarily holding the sewage in a quiescent basin. This steps does the same thing a septic tank does. 1 Corresponding Author- Nikhil Kumar Gupta Harcourt Butler Technological Institute, Kanpur 208002 India 1 E-mail: nikhil1238@gmail.com
*Professor Dr. R. P. Singh Oil Technology Oil & Paint Technology Department Harcourt Butler Technological Institute, Kanpur 208002 India *E-mail- rpshbti@rediffmail.com
It allows solids to settle down of the water and scum to rise. The system then collects the solids for disposal, it exercise a screen followed by a set of pools or ponds that let water sit so that solid can settle out. Now settle and floating materials are removed and remaining liquid may be discharged or subjected to secondary treatment. Now 2nd treatment comes into play that removes organic materials and nutrients. This is done with the help of bacteria, the water flows to large, aerated tanks where indigenous bacteria consume everything they can in a unchanged habitat. This step might remove 90% of all solids and organic materials from waste water. This is followed 3° treatment which is sometimes defined as anything more than 1° and secondary treatment in order to allow rejection into
13
© ijbstr.org
IJBSTR ABSTRACT VOL 1 [ISSUE 5] MAY 2013
ISSN 2320-6020
highly sensitive or fragile ecosystem (estuaries, coral reefs). It will use chemicals to removes phosphorus and nitrogen from water but may also include fitter beds. Chlorine added to the water kills any remaining bacteria [3] and water is discharged force of discharged falling water is harnessed of mechanical power. The weight of discharged falling water turns the wheel of the turbine. These wheels concerts potential energy of the water into motion. This rotating motion would then cause electricity. Earth breaking technology is the power obtained from sewage water. The technique uses Microbial Fuel Cell [4, 5]. Fuel cells are a promising new energy technology. Microbial fuel cell is a bio electrochemical system that derives a current by mimicking bacterial interaction found in nature. Application of microbial fuel cells may stand in for completing new approach to waste water treatment with production of sustainable clean energy, but then again one of the problem with microbial fuel cell is that individually they don't generate lot of wattage but this problem can be addressed by packing as many fuel cell stack. It is seen that alone microbial fuel cells are notoriously inefficient and electro dialysis for waste water treatment which is mainly focussed on the desalination and for recovery of useful components from waste water, is notoriously expensive. However if we combine these two technologies into one then defiantly they can turn waste water into a viable power source. This way filthy sewage turned into clean power source.
References 1. Quan-Ying Cai, Ce-Hui Mo, Qi-Tang Ulu, Qiao-Yun Zeng, Athanosios Katsogiannis "Occurrence of Organic Contaminants in Sewage Sludges from Eleven WastewaterTreatment Plants" Chemosphere, vol.68(Aug. 2007) 1751-1762. 2. Taira Haidaka, HiroshiTsumo, Naoyuki Kishimota "Advanced Treatment of Sewage by Pre-coagulation and Biological Filtration Process" Water Research, vol.37(Oct. 2003) 4259-4269. 3. Lucas Seghezzo, Griefje Zeeman, Jules B. Van Lier, H. V. M. Hamelers, Gatze Lettinga "The anarobic Treatment of Sewage in UASB & EGSB Reactor" Bioresource Technology, vol.65(Sep. 1998) 175-190. 4. S. B. Velasequez-orta, I.M. Head, T.P. Curtis, K. Scott "Factors Affecting Current Production in Microbial Fuel Cell Using Different Industrial Wastewater" Bioresource Technology, vol. 102(Aprail 2011) 5105-5112. 5. Junqiu Jiang , Qingliang Zhao, Jinna Zhang , Guodong Zhang , Duu-Jong Lee "Electricity Generation from Biotreatment of Sewage Sludge with Microbial Fuel Cell" Bioresource Technology vol.100(July 2009) 5808–5812.
Conclusion Fuel cells are a promising new energy technology. This technology is the key factor to retrieve energy from sewage.
14
© ijbstr.org