Pikitū Papakainga Development Part II

PROJECT 2 PAPAKAINGA DEVELOPMENT

Vishaal Shah

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Mission Statement

To retain the ecological values of the Ngati Huri and culturally enhance the area of Pikutu Marae: Through low impact design to establish growth whilst retaining the lands sustainability throughout the rural landscape.

“Kāhore taku toa i te toa takitahi, he toa takitini” “We cannot succeed without the support of those around us”

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Contents

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Mission Statement

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Contents

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Introduction to Waikato

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Context

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Introduction to the Pikitu Marae

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Maps Hillshade Aspect Slope Streams Land Use Capabilities Land Cover Contour Riparian Flow Accumulation Zoning Plan Flow length Viewshed

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Master Plan Perspectives X Sections Case Studies

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References

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Introduction to Waikato

A local government region of the upper north island. The region stretches from the Coromandel Peninsula in the north, to the northeastern slopes of Mount Ruapehu in the south. It is the 4th largest region in the country in area and population. In the area there are a lot of towns including Cambridge, Matamata, Ngatea, Taupo and many more including Hamilton City.

The name for the region is taken from the Waikato river, Waikato is the Maori translation for ‘flowing water’ (wai = water and kato = the pull of river current in the sea). It is the longest river in New Zealand, it rises to the slopes of Mount Ruapehu, joining the Tongariro river system and emptying into Lake Taupo. The river has spiritual meaning for different local Maori tribes, who regarded is as a source of their mana. A well-known saying about the Waikato River uses taniwha as a metaphor for chiefs ‘Waikato taniwha rau, he piko he taniwha, he piko he taniwha’ (Waikato of a hundred taniwha, on every bend a taniwha). This saying attributes the power and prestige of the Waikato tribes to the river.

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Context

For Maori, landscape is an amalgam of past, present and future.

Landscape provided the frame for the narrative and tangible form of the ancestors to inform cultural life and to affirm and confirm identity with place.

We are to recognise and analyse the main landscape factors, elements, processes and patterns within the wider context of Pikitu in order to identify areas where innovative forms of settlement growth can be appropriately located and illustrate as well as demonstrate landscape architectural analysis and design processes to support informed spatial decision making.

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Introduction to the Pikitu Marae

The Pikutu Marae located on Wiltsdown Road, Waotu is the projection of Ngati Huri Hapu, 4km from the banks of the Waikato River and 24km from both Utururu and Tokaroa. There are a number of sites of significance near and around the Marae including the ancient rock drawings done by early Maori settlers.

A rocky shelf that once projected out of the side of a cliff face and now forms the name of the northern dairy unit. There are many rocks, hills and mountains that hold stories and meanings behind them and provide a connection with lost ancestors. One of which is a distinctive rocky outcrop 500m from the dairy farm called “Te Rape a Huia”.

The Marae itself is the Huri meeting house, built in the 1870’s along with a kauta (cookhouse) which is only used now by the men when they put a hungi down next to it. The Marae is widely used by the community with the south Waikato district council hosting the first monthly council meetings at the Marae.

Proudly upheld by Ngati Huri Hapu it provides a significant area for the people and those once living there. The Marae maintains a balance of peace and tranquillity between the people and the land and provides an essential connection between the tribe and all those before them.

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Hillshade LEGEND Pikitu Marae Full sun

Shaded

Hill shade is a relative measure and is relative to the position of the sun in the sky which you can alter by changing the altitude and azimuth when you compute hill shade. A lighter value indicates that the surface/cell is in the shade and a darker value indicates that it is pointing directly at the sun and would therefore be receiving the most “energy� if you chose to equate to those terms. You could exploit a hillshade if you knew/could calculate the incident radiation at your location as a function of solar azimuth and angle.

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Aspect LEGEND Pikitu Marae Flat North Northeast East Southeast South Southweat West Northwest North

This map analyses the site aspect and highlights those areas with a northern, eastern, western or southern aspect. This allows us to seewhere resdidential areas can be located to best utilize northerly aspects for passive solar gain.

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Slope LEGEND Pikitu Marae 0-8째 slope 8-15째 slope >15째 slope

This map was used to find those areas of the site with slopes making them either well or unsuited for development.Areas with less than 8degree sloped were considered suitable fro development.

Slopes over 15 degrees were revegetated and incorporated within the stream vegetation buffers.

The highlighted areas show that the site is mainly flat to gently rolling allowing for development across the majority of the area.

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Streams LEGEND Pikitu Marae Stream

This map shows all of the streams in the area around the Pikitu Marae. There is an abundance of small streams and waterways within 10km of the marae. Land within a 10m buffer around the streams is suitable for revegetation to improve the health of the streams.

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Land Use Capabilties LEGEND Pikitu Marae Non-arable land suitable for pastoral or forestry use only Non-arable land unsuitable for crops, pasture or forestry

Through our LUC assessment we have been able to identify the limitations currently throughout the landscape. With this information we can work towards establishing the key areas for development with low to moderate limitations. This will play a significant role in insuring that development throughout the landscape will be low impact and the landscape will remain rich in character.

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Land Cover LEGEND Pikitu Marae Native vegetation Exotic vegetation Agricultural land

This map analyses the site showing what the land is currently used for. The overall area is agricultural land with exotic and native vegetation throughout. We have decided to retain as much of the exotic and native vegetation as possible since the area immediately outside the Pikitu Marae is mostly agricultural land with small amounts of native when there could be so much more.

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Contour LEGEND Pikitu Marae Contour 0.5m

This map shows 0.5 metre contour lines for the site and highlights the steeper areas of the site.

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Riparian LEGEND Pikitu Marae Riparian

This map shows the riparain boundaries that need to be revegetated.

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Triangulated Irregular Networks LEGEND Pikitu Marae High point Low Point

Triangular irregular networks (TIN) are a digital means to represent surface morphology. TINs are a form of vector-based digital geographic data and are constructed by triangulating a set of vertices (points). The vertices are connected with a series of edges to form a network of triangles.

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Flow Accumulation LEGEND Pikitu Marae Water FLow

FLow Accumulation is a measurement of the amount of water accumulated in overland flow across a surface.

This map helps us see where and in what direction water is flowing over the site. Dark blue show areas with a high flow accumulation and concentrated flow.

This information can be used to find the drainage pattern of a terrain to identify stream channels and ephemeral drains.

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Flow Length LEGEND Pikitu Marae

Flow Length calculates the downslope distance along the flow path, from each cell to a sink or outlet on the edge of the raster.

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Viewshed LEGEND Pikitu Marae Visible

A viewshed identifies the cells in an input raster that can be seen from one or more observation locations. Each cell in the output raster receives a value that indicates how many observer points can be seen from each location. If you have only one observer point, each cell that can see that observer point is given a value of 1. All cells that cannot see the observer point are given a value of 0.

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MASTER PLAN 35

Master Plan Stratergy This development takes an innovative approach to create a uniqueplace to live and work.

The development values its topographical and landscape features. The nearby Jim Barnett Reserve becomes a reacreational reserve and streams become valuable site assets.

This papakianga development recognises the importance of the environment and its ecosystems in ensuring the creation of a high quality environment for residents to live and enjoy.

This development is planned around the marae. There are 11 3 bedroom units, with 11 5 bedroom units. Next to the homesteads is the school, medical centre and community centre.

Agricultural and community Garden areas help to retain the rural character of the site and provide a sense of of open space.

Strategic priorities for the area Protecting the region’s ecosystem services.

Maintaining rural character and sense of place.

Creating a network of ecological patches and corridors across the site.

Protection of sites significant to mana whenuA. “Kāhore taku toa i te toa takitahi, he toa takitini” “We cannot succeed without the support of those around us”

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3D MODELLING OF MASTER PLAN

Birds Eye View from North-East Birds Eye View from South-East

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Birds Eye View from West

Birds Eye View from East

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Birds Eye View from North-East

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Birds Eye View from South-East

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Birds Eye View from West

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Birds Eye View from East

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X Section B-B’

Sectional Perspective View B-B’

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Sectional Isometric View A-A’

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STORMWATER MANAGEMENT THE CONSIDERATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF STORMWATER DEVICES OFFERS AN OPPORTUNITY TO ENHANCE THE NATURAL SYSTEMS AND HABITATS OF THE SITE WHILST MINISING THE ADVERSE FFECTS OF OVERLAND FLOW AND FLOODING. THE DEVELOPMENTS STORMWATER MANAGEMENT FOLOWS AN ANALYSIS OF THE SITES HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSED AND MANAGES THE FLOW OF STORMWATER FROM THE THE STREETS AND PARKING AREAS INTO SWALES, THAT FILTER DOWN TO STORMWATER DETENTION PONDS AND FINALLY FEED DOWN TO THE STREAMS. THE STORMWATER DEVICES USED PROVIDE BOTH A LANDSCAPE AND ECOLOGICAL FUNCTION. THEY ENHANCE THE NATURAL CHARACTER AND LANDSCAPE AMENITY OF THE SITE. THEY PROVIDE BUFFERS AND REINFORCE CORRIDORS THROUGH THE SITE. THE PAPAKAINGA DEVELOPMENT INCORPORATES THE FOLLOWING DEVICES: SWALES, STORMWATER DETENTION PONDS, RAINWATER TANKS AND PERMEABLE PAVING. THE STORMWATER PONDS ARE INTEGRATED INTO RECREATION AREAS WITH PATHS AND BOARDWALKS.

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Case Studies

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STRUCTURE PLANTING THE CHARACTER OF THE STRUCTURE PLANTING AIMS TO REFLECT AND ENHANCE A DISTINCTIVE NEW ZEALAND CHARACTER AND IDENTITY. AREAS OF NATIVE REVEGETATION TO STREAM: NATIVE REVEGETATION IS USED TO PROTECT AND ENHANCE THESE IMPORTANT ECOLOGICAL AREAS. THE BUFFER ZONES SUPPORT BIODIVERSITY, AIR AND WATER QUALITY, PROVIDE HABITATS AND FOOD FOR NATIVE BIRDS, REPTILES AND AQUATIC LIFE. THESE AREAS PROVIDE A VALUABLE COMMUNITY ASSET AND AMENITY. THE BUFFER ZONES HAVE BEEN EXTENDED WHERE THE GROUND SLOPESD STEEPLY AROUND THE STREAM. THIS HELPS WITH THE CONTROL OF EROSION AND FLOOD MANAGEMENT AROUND THESE SENSITIVE AREAS. EXISTING SITE BEGETATION RETAINED: EXISITNG VEGETATION ON SITE IS EXOTIC FOREST PATHCHES AND NATIVE FORESTS. THESE VEGETATIONS ARE RETAINED FOR THEIR RURAL CHARACTER.

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SOLAR AND WIND SOLAR RADIATION IS AN ABUNDANT ENERGY SOURCE WHICH IS FREE, NONPOLLUTING, AND RENEWABLE. NEW ZEALAND HAS GOOD SOLAR RADIATION LEVELS IN MANY LOCATIONS, BUT OFTEN THE COST OF THE SYSTEMS REQUIRED TO HARNESS SOLAR ENERGY MEAN THEY AREN’T ECONOMIC WHEN COMPARED TO OTHER OPTIONS. THE ENERGY OF THE SUN CAN BE HARNESSED IN MANY WAYS. THE SUN’S THERMAL ENERGY CAN BE USED TO WARM WATER OR THE AIR IN A BUILDING THROUGH: THOUGHTFUL BUILDING DESIGN TO CAPTURE AND STORE SOLAR HEAT USE OF SOLAR WATER HEATING WHICH USES THE ENERGY OF THE SUN TO HEAT WATER. NEW ZEALAND HAS EXCELLENT WIND RESOURCES AND INCREASING NUMBERS OF WINDFARMS ARE BEING PROPOSED AND BUILT. SMALL-SCALE AND MICRO WIND TURBINES ARE ALSO AVAILABLE; FOR HOMES, FARMS AND BUSINESSES THAT WANT TO GENERATE THEIR OWN WIND POWER. GENERALLY, SMALL WIND TURBINES ARE BEST SUITED TO RURAL SETTINGS THAT ARE EXPOSED TO STRONG AND CONSISTENT WIND, AND WHERE THERE IS NO CONNECTION TO THE ELECTRICITY NETWORK. BOTH THESE FACTORS CAN HELP IMPROVE THE ECONOMICS OF INSTALLING A SMALLSCALE TURBINE.

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Claire Mortimer, L. R. (2010, November 12). Our Future. Retrieved from Collections / Low Impact Urban Design and Development: http://www.ourfuture.net.nz/Collections/13

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