V_P_129

cld; g l; l gb xl; L f; F Of; f spd; MAjf; f isTf; F kfpe; j muR tplhg; g pbahf kWj; J tUtjhy; n[dpthg; Ngr;Rf;fs; Njf;f epiyia mile;Js;sd.

Kjw;fl;l n[dpthg; Ngr;rpd; gpd;dh;> xl;Lf;FOf;fSld; rpq;fs ,uhZtKk; ,ize;J> ntspg;gilahfj; Njhd;wp nfhiyj;jhf;Fjy;fs; GhptijAk; - MAjKidapy; kf;fis kpul;LtijAk; rh;tNjr r%fk; mtjhdpj;jgbjhd; cs;sJ. xl;Lf;FOf;fspd; MAjf;fisT njhlh;ghf Nehh;Nt muRk; - fz;fh zpg;Gf;FOTk;; kfpe;j muir vt;tsNth typAWj;jpAk;$l ,Jtiu ve;jg;gaDk; Vw;gltpy;iy. me;jsTf;F> xl;Lf;FO tplaj; jpy; kfpe;j muR fLk;Nghf;F epiyg; ghl;Lld; cs;sJ. ,e;j xl;Lf;FOf;fis itj;Jf; nfhz; L vijr; r hjpf; f KbAk; vd; W kfpe;jmuR vz;Zfpd;wJ? rpq;fsmuirg; nghWj;jtiuapy; jdJ Kg; g ilfisAk; gad; g Lj; j p Nghh;%yk; Gypfs; ,af;fj;ijj; Njhw; fbf; f KbAk; vd; w ,uhZt ek; gpf;ifia mJ ,oe;Jtpl;lJ. mjdhNyNa> xl;Lf;FOf;fisg;

gad;gLj;jp rjpmurpaiy Nkw;nfhz;L jkpohpd; tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lj;ijf; nfhr; irg;gLj;j KbAk; vd;W rpq;fs muR ek;Gfpd;wJ. \Gypfs; ,af;fk; gpsTgl;Ls; sJ| - \jkpo;kf;fs; gphpe;J epw;fpd;wdh;| vd;nwhU khiaia cyfehLfSf;F Vw;gLj;j ,e;j xl;Lf;FOf;fis> kfpe;j muR gad;gLj;j tpUk;Gfpd;wJ. mNjrkak;> ,e;j xl;Lf;FOf; fis murpay; fl;rpfshfg; gjpaitj;J> mtw;iwg; Gypfs; ,af;fj;jpw;F vjpuhd jkpo;ff ; l;rpfs; vd;W cyfpw;Ff; fhl;l ; Tk; rpq;fs muR tpUk;Gfpd;wJ. ,jd;%yk;> GypfSld; kl;L ky;y ,e;j xl;Lf;FOf;fl;rpfSlDk; Ngrpj;jhd; jkpohpd; ,dg;gpur;rpidf;Fj;

jPhT ; fhz KayNtz;Lk; vd;nwhU fUj; ij Kd;itj;J rh;tNjr r%fj;ijf; Fog;gpabf;fyhk; vd;Wk; rpq;fs muR ek;Gfpd;wJ. rpq;fs murpd; ,e;j MirfSk; - ek;gpf;iffSk; ntWk; fw;gidfs; vd;gJ rh;tNjrr%fj;jpw;Fj; njhpAk;. ,e;j xl;Lf;FOf;fspd; kf;fs; tpNuhjr; nraw;ghLfisAk; - rkhjhd tpNuhj eltbf;iffisAk; rh;tNjrk; ed;whfNt mwpe;Jitj;Js;sJ. Nghiu epWj;jpg; Ngr;Rthh;ji ; j %yk; ,dg;gpur;rpidf;Fj; jPh;Tfhz cyfehLfs; Kw;gLk; ,e;jNtisapy; xl;Lf;FO murpay;%yk; ,yq;ifj;jt P py; ,uj;j MW Xl> kfpe;jmuR toptif fisr; nra;fpd;wJ vd;w Fw;wr;rhl;Nl cyf Clfq;fspy; NkNyhq;fpAs;sJ. \[pfhj;| vd;w ngahpy; xl;Lf; FOnthd;W ,uhZtj;jpd; JizAld; nraw;gLtjhfg; Gypfs; ,af;fk; ep&gpj; jpUe;jJ. ,ijapl;L rh;tNjr r%fk; mjp fsT mf;fiwg;gl;lNghJ K];ypk; gil mzp vd;w ngahpy; me;j xl;Lf;FOit cs;thq;fp mjw;F rl;lhPjpahd kjpg;ig

Ak; kfpe;j muR nfhLj;Js;sJ. ,e;j xl;Lf;FOf;fis itj;Jf; nfhz;L kfpej ; murhy; GypfSld; NghUk; nra;aKbahJ rkhjhdKk; nra;a KbahJ vd;gij mJ Ghpe;Jnfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. mjw;Fg; gjpyhf ,e;j xl;Lf; FOf;fis Vtptpl;L jkpoh;jhafj;jpy; nfhiyfisAk; - td;KiwfisANk kfpe;j murhy; nra;aKbAk;. murgilfshy; my;yJ mur gilfspd; MjuTld; ,aq;Fk; xl;Lf; FOf;fshy; jkpo; kf;fs; Jd;GWj;jg;gLk; NghJ mij ntWkNd ghh;jJ ; f;nfhz;L Gypfs; ,af;fKk; ,Uf;fkhl;lhJ. nkhj;jj;jpy; kfpe;jhpd; xl;Lf; FO murpay; ngUk; ,uj;jf;fswpkpf;f NghiuNehf;fpNa ,l;Lr;nry;fpd;wJ vd; gij rh;tNjr r%fk; czuNtz;Lk;. xl;Lf;FOf;fspd; MAjf;fisT njhlh;ghf kfpe;j murplk; Ntz;LNfhs; fs; tpLg;gjw;Fg;gjpyhf cyfehLfs; rpq;fs murpd;kPJ eltbf;iffs; Nkw; nfhs;sNtz;Lk; vd;gNj jkpo;kf;fspd; tpUg;gkhFk;. mJjhd; rkhjhdj;jpw;Fk; cW jpiaf;nfhLf;Fk;. ●

cr;r murpay; mjpfhuq;fSld; rpwpyq;fhtpd; cs;@uhl;rpj; Njh;jy;fs; rk;ge;jg;gltpy;iy vd;gJ cz;ikNa. MapDk;> jkpo; - rpq;fs kf;fspd; murpay; kdepiy ,e;jj; Njh;jy;fs;%yk; ed;F ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. jkpoh; jhafkhd tlf;F - fpof;fpy; cs;@uhl;rpj; Njh;jy;fis xj;jpitf;f KbntLj;j rpq;fsmuR jpUNfhzkiy khtl;lj;jpYk; mk;ghiw khtl;lj;jpYk;> rpy ,lq;fspy;> Njh;jy;fis elhj;j KbntLj;jJ. ,e;j tpNehj Kbtpd; gpd;dhy; rpy Nghpdthj Nehf;fq;fs; ,Ue;jd. rpq;fs - K];ypk; kf;fspd; thf;Ffs; kw;Wk; xl;Lf; FOf;fspd; nraw;ghLfspdhy; Gypfspd; Mjuitg; ngw;w jkpouRf; fl;rpiaj; Njh;jypy; gpd;dilar; nra;tjd;%yk; Gypfspd; murpay; nry;thf;F ,q;nfy;yhk; ngUkstpy; ,y;iy vd;W cyfpw;Ff;fhl;l rpq;fs muR jpl;lkpl;lJ. mjd;%yk; jkpohpd; Vf murpay; gpujpepjpfs; Gypfs; ,af;fk;jhd; vd;w cz;ikepiyg;ghl;il cyf r%fj;jpd;Kd; Nfs;tpf;fplkhf;f rpq;fs muR tpUk;gpaJ. mj;Jld; jkpohpd; jhaff;Nfhl;ghl;ilAk; rh;tNjr muq;fpy; Nfs;tpf;fplkhf;f rpq;fs muR vz;zpaJ. Mdhy;> rpq;fs murpd; ,dthjr; #o;rr ; pia mq; F tho; e ; J tUk; jkpo; k f; f s; KOikahf Kwpabj;Jtpl;ldh;. vjphpNa vjph;ghuhjtifapy; xw;Wik czh;Tld; xd;Wjpuz;L jkpouRf;fl;rpf;F thf;fspj;Jj; jkpohpd; murpay;Ntl;ifia cyfpw;Fg; giw rhw;wpAs;sdh;. \xl;Lf;FOf;fSf;Ff; fpof;fpy; murpay; MjuTz;L| - \jkpoPoj; Njrpa xUikg;ghl;bw;F Mjutspf;ff; fpof;Ftho; jkpo;kf;fs; jahuhf ,y;iy|... vd;gd Nghd;w rpq;fsg;Nghpdthjpfspd; ngha;gg ; ug;Giufisf; fpof;Fkhfhzj; jkpo;kf;fs; cyfpw;F mk;gyg;gLj;jpAs;sdh;. ,jd;%yk; jkpohpd; murpay;kdjpy; gpuNjrNtWghl;bw;F rpwpjsTk; ,lkpy;iy vd;gJ ep&gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

mj;Jld;> jkpohpd; murpay; eyd;fSf;F vjpuhf rpq;fsj;jpd; MSk;fl;rpAk; - vjph;ff ; l;rpAk; xd;WgLk; vd;w cz;ikAk; - rh;tNjrk; czUk; tifapy; - ,e;jj; Njh;jypy; ntspr;rj;Jf;F te;Js;sJ. mjhtJ> jpUkiy efuj;ij tpOq;Fk; ,yf;Fld; rpq;fsg; Nghpdthjpfs; jq;fsJ murpay;gifikfisAk; kwe;J xd;W Nrh;e;J nghJr;rpd;dj;jpy; Njh;jiyr; re;jpj;jdh;.

MapDk;> jpUkiytho; jkpoh;fs; jk; jkpoPoj; Njrpag;gw;iw thf;Ffs;%yk; ntspg;gLj;jpg; Nghpdthjpfisg; gLNjhy;tpailar; nra;Js;sdh;. ,t;tpjk;> fpof;Fkhfhzk;tho; jkpo;kf;fs;> jkpohpd; Njrpa xUikg;ghl;il typAWj;jp - Gypfs; ,af;fj;jpd; murpay; jiyikj;Jtj;ij mq;ff P hpj;J xU tuyhw; W j; j P h ; g ; i g cs; S uhl; r pj; N jh; j y; f s; thapyhf ntspg;gLj;jpAs;sdh;. ,e;j kf;fs; jPh;g;ig rpq;fs muR Ghpe;J nfhz;L Gypfs; ,af;fj;Jld; Neh;ikahd tifapy; murpay; fye;Jiuahly;fis elhj;jKd;tuNtz;Lk;. mJNghy> rpq;fsNjrj;jpy; rpq;fs kf;fSk; rw;W tpj;jpahrkhd Kiwapy; thf;fspj;Jj; jq;fsJ kdepiy khw;wj;ijAk; Gyg;gLj;jpAs;sdh;. rkhjhdKaw;rpfs; njhlh;ghff; fLk;Nghf;F epiyg;ghnlLj;j jPtpu,dthjf;fl;rpfis mth;fs; Xuk; fl;bAs;sdh;. rpq;fs kf;fspd; ,e;jkdepiyia kfpe;j muR czuNtz;Lk;. jw;NghJ> Ngr;Rthh;j;ijapy; mJ filg;gpbj;JtUk; jPtpug;Nghf;if kfpe;j muR iftplNtz;Lk;.

Gypfs; ,af;fj;Jld; cld;gl;l tplaq;fis cldbahf eilKiwg; gLj;j mJ Kd;tuNtz;Lk;. rkhjhd Kaw; r pfis tYg; g Lj; J k; t ifapy; rpq; f s Ml; r pahsh; f Sf; F toq; f g; g Lk; . tuyhw; W tha; g ; G fis mth; f s; rhpahdKiwapy; gad;gLj;Jtjpy;iy vd;gJjhd; fle;jfhy tuyhW. jw; N ghJ> kfpe; j uh[gf; r muRf; F f; fpilj; J s; s ,e; j murpay; t ha; g ; i g mth; f s; vd; d nra; a g; N ghfpd; w hh; f s; ! vd; W rkhjhdj;ij tpUk;Gk; cyfehLfSk; mtjhdpj;jgb cs;sd.

G+gjp... ,wej gpdDk capNuhbUggthfspy ,tSk xUjjp ,ts grpapd rpYitRkeJ tpLjiyapd gazk Nghdts JgghffpfFoyfspwF Kddhy JzpNthL epkphejts rhfjJzpejtiu rhfbff Kbahnjdw rjjpak tpsffpats fhgguz ,yyhJ rzil nrajhs Nridfs ,yyhJ gilnaLjjhs FUjp rpejhJ Nghuhbdhs kffs rfjpapd kfjJtk czhjjpdhs fhejpia mwpahjts fhejpa thjpfspwF fhejpak fwgpjjhs tpLjiy kdqfspwF ngUk

gyqfnsJTk tpyqfpl KbahnjdW tpsffk nfhLjjhs tpopfs ,UeJk ,Ulby ,UfFk vkffha tpsffha vupejhs Gjjfqfs jpwffhj jjJtqfs njhpahj ,ej tpjjfpfFs tpLjiy klLNk tpijeJ fplejJ ,ts thrygb jhzlh thotpwFs ,UeJ Njrggzp Kbjj jlk kwNthk njatqfspwfha tpujkpUjjy mwpNthk tpujkpUeNj njatkhdij ,tsplNk mwpNthk. czhTg grpahy NjhwfbffggllJ czTg grp tapwwpdhy

tiuaggllJ xU tuyhW kdtypikahy tiuaggllJ ,dtypik ,J tpLjiyg NghUfF tsk nfhLfFk G+kp cjpujij ePuhfFk capupdhy capuhfFk clypid cukhfFk khdk thotjwnfijAk jhdk nfhLfFk ehqfs Mapuk Mapuk tPuhfis cUffp xU #upaidr nraJnfhzbUffpNwhk mJ cUgngwW xspjUk tiu cUfpfnfhzNl ,UgNghk. ,ilapy tenjtUk ,ilQry nfhLjjhy vqfs kzzpy vggb KbANkh mggb mggb midtUk Nghhpy.

nre;Njhod; 02

khrp - gq;Fdp> 2006

v

d;djhd; elf;fpd;wJ rpq;fsNjr murpaypy?; vy;yhNk toikf;Fj; jpUg;gpf; nfhz;bUg;gJ NghyTk; vy;NyhUk; ,ay;G epiyf;F te;Jtpl;lJ NghyTk; xU Njhw; wg; g hL fhz; g pf; f g; g Lfpd; w J. ,jw; nfy;yhk; mbg;gilahf miktJ mikjp Kaw;rpf;F kfpe;jh; mj;jpthuf; fy;iy Mokhf ,l;bUg;gJjhd; vd;W NtW$wg; gLfpd;wJ. vdNt kfpe;jhpd; fuj;ijg; gyg;gLj;jg; Nghtjhff; $wpf;nfhz;L vy;yhf; fl;rpfSk; Kz;babj;J Kd;NdW tijAk; ehk; fhz;fpd;Nwhk;. rpwpyq;fh murpaypy; MOk; jug;NghL fl;rpfs; ,iz tJk; gphptJk; gpd; ,iztJk; vd;gJk; toiknad;whYk; ,k;Kiw gpujhd vjphf ; ; fl;rpapypUe;J ngUe;njhif khWjYk; fl;rp NtWghby;yhky; kl;Lky;y fl;rpf; Fs;Sk; NtWghL ,y;yhkYk; hkYk> ehd; Ke;jp> eP Ke;jp vd ,iza Kw;gLtJk; rw;W tpag;ghfj;jhd; cs;sJ. Nghfpw Nghf;ifg; ghh;j;jhy; vjphp ahh;> ez;gd; ahh; vd;gJ njhpahj epiyAk; xNu fl;rp apd; gy;NtW fpisfshfj; Njh;jypy; Nghl;bapl;L ntd;w gpd; midtUk; xNu fl;rpapy>; MSk; fl;rpapy; ,iztJk; vOjg;glhj tpjpahf khWfpw tprpj;jpuj;ijAk; fhzKb fpd;wJ. ,d;ndhU tifapy; NkNyhl;lkhf mtjhdpj;jhy; rpq;fsj;jpy; vd;Wk; cUthf Kbahnjdf; $wg;gl;l Njrpa murhq;fnkhd;Nw ,ay;ghf cUthfpw xU gpwo;epiyia Ak; fhzf;$bajhf cs;sJ. ,e;epiy gbg;gbahf cUthf vJ gpujhd fhuzk;? kfpej ; hpd; mikjp Kaw;rpjhd; fhuzk; vd;gJ cz;ikah? mt;thwh apd; ,f; f l; r pfs; ahTk; ,ize;J xU jPhi ; t Nehf;fp efUkh? kfpe;jhpd; murhq;fNk xU rUtfl;rp khehlhf /mu rhq;fkhf khWkh? nghWj; jpUe;J ghh;ff ; Ntz;ba epfo;T fspit. ,j;jPtpy; rdehaf topKiwapy; Nghuhb chpik fisg; ngwKbahj epiyapy; rdehaf rf;jpfs; vdf;$wg; gLNthiu cz; i kapNy \\rdehaf kag;gLj;j|| rdehafj;jpw;F tpNuhjkhdJ vd ,g;Nghyp rdehaf ehafh; fshy; tUzpff ; g;gLk; MAjg; Nghuhl;lg; ghijapy; gyfhyk;

rUtNjr khehl;bw;F Vw;ghL nra;jNjhL Gypfis Xuq;fl;bg; Gypfspd; nrytpy; jkJ fzf;fpy; tuTitf;f uzpy; Kad;w NghNj ,k; Kjw;fl;lk; Kbtpw;Fte;jJ. ,jd; gpd;dUk; \ntsp| ePbf;fg;gl;L ,g;NghJ kfpe;jh; fhyj;jpy; 2MtJ fl;l khf n[dpthg; Ngr;NrhL tphpfpd;wJ. ,t; \ntsp| toq;fg;gl;ljd; KOg; gupkhdj;ij Ak; rUtNjrk; Gupej ; epiyapy>; rpqf ; sNkh ,J gw;wp vt;tpj ftdKk; vLf;fhjNjhL Gypfs; jkf;F vt;tpjk; \ntsp| toq;f KbAk; vd;fpw tprhuizapy; <Lgl;Ls;sJ. ag;ghdpa J}jhpd; fhl;lkhd mwpfi ; ffs;> (,uz;L mwpf;iffs; \\,bj;Jiuj;J|| ntspte;Js;sd) Nehh;Nt mikjpj; J}jh; #y;nfa;kpd; rw;Wr; rpdKk;> ntWg;Gk;> rypgG ; k; fye;j mtjhdpgG ; f;fs;> (“,yq;if iatpl #lhdpNy mjpf ftdk; Nehh;Nt Nehh; N t ntspNawj; nrYj; J k; | | “Nehh;

Wj; jtw;wpidr; rhpnra;a xU Md;k Njliy Muk;gpf;fr; rpq;fsj;jhy; gad; gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. jhk; ngsj;jh;> ngsj;j newpfisg; gpd;gw;WNthh; vd cyfpw;F cuj;Jf;$Wk; rpq;fstUf;F ,g;NghJ mjid ep&gpf;f tha;g;G. mz;ikapy; ,yz;ldpy; IISS vdg;gLk; Nghh; Ez;jpwd; fw;ifnewp Ma;Tikaj;jpy; kq;fs gpd; tUkhW Koq;fpdhh;. \\ehq;fs; ngsj;jh;fs;.

2500 tUlj;jpw;F Nkyhfg; ngsj;j newp fisg; gpd;gw;Wgth;fs;. ntWg;ig ntWg; ghy; nty;yKbahJ. mij md;ghNy nty;yKbAnkd ek;Gfpdw ; th;fs;||. kfpej ; h; nrhy;fpd;whh; “Nghiu xUNghJk; jPht ; hfg; ngsj;jh;fs; Kd;itf;fkhl;lhh;fs;.” Gj;jh; kdntsp gw;wp mjpfk; $wpapUf;fpd;whh;. fp.K 500fspy; rPdhtpy; tho;ej ; Qhdpahd yhNthl;R \\jhNthaprk;|| vdg;gLk; ,aw;if

gazpj;j tpLjiyg;Gypfs; 2002Mk; Mz;L ngg;utup 22,y; Nghiu ,il epWj;jpagpd; ehk; fhZk; murpaw;Nfhyq; fspit. ,q;F vOk; gpujhd Nfs;tp ,Jjhd;. rdehaf rf;jpfs; vdf;$wg;gLk; ,f;fl;;rpfs; cz;ikapNy rdehafg; gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sdth? my;yJ rdeha fg; gq;F Njf;fj;ij mile;J NkYk; efuKbahj epiyapy; Njq;fptpl;ldth?

Njq;fpajd; tpisNt ,d;iwa murpaw; N fhyq;f sh? vdNt rpq; f s murpaypd; ,d;iwa nry;newp epiyia ,g; gpd;dzpapy; itj;Nj ftdpj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ,t;tplj;jpy;jhd; GjpanjhU mw;Gjkhd ghpkhdnkhd;W Gyg;gLfpdw ; J. jw;NghJ ,j;jPtpd; murpay; mjpfhuj; jpy; epyTk; \\ntsp|| gw;wpaNj ,g;ghp khdk; . 2002Mk; Mz;L ngg;uthpapy; Gypfshy; toq;fg;gl;l ,t; \ntsp| gy;NtW fhyfl;lq;fshf tphpfpd;wJ. ,t; \\ntspapd; KjyhtJ fl;lk;. 2003Mk; Mz;L khh;r; 18 - 21Mk; ehl;fspy; ag;ghdpy; eilngw;W> Mwhk; Rw;Wg; Ngr; NrhL Kbe;jJ. Gypfs; klq;fptpl;lhh;fs; vd;fpw jtwhd fzf;fpy; mtrug;gl;L 2003 Vg;gpuy; 14> 15 Mk; jpfjpfspy; mnkhpf;fh jiyikapy; Nthrpq;ldpy; ,yq;iff;F cjtp toq;Fk; ehLfspd;

jPh;khdpf;FNkahdhy; mjw;Fg; gjpyhf mDruizg; nghWg;gpid Vw;gjw;F NtW ve;j ehLNk jahhpy;iy. Nehh;Nt vt; t hW ,yq; i fapy; elj; j g; g L fpd; w J vd; g ij Neubahf kw; w ehLfs; fz; b Uf; f pd; w d d”) fLik ahdJ vd;gjpy; Iakpy;iy. vg;NghJNk \\eh fhj;J|| te;j #y;nfk; jhd; gl;l \\nrhy;ypOf;F|| fhuzkhf ,t;thW Ngrpdh Yk; ,jw;fg;ghYk; gpujhd fhuzkhf ,Ug;gJ - Gypfs; jw;NghJ toq;fpapUf;Fk; \\ntsp|| gw;wpa Mokhd Ghpjiy mth; nfhz;bUg;gNj. Vnddpy; ,t; ntspia ntWkNd murpaYj;jpahf> ,uhrje;jpu nraw;ghlhf> fhyf;nfLthfg; ghh;f;f KbahJ. ,q;Nf murpay;> mwtpay;> mwptpay; vy;yhNk njhlh;GgL fpd;wd. tuyhw;wpy; fhyKk;> ntspAk; vt;tsT Kf;fpak; tha;ej ; it vd;gjw;Fr; rPdhtpd; ,it Fwpj;j nrhw;fspd; gpuNah fj;jpd; gpugyk; Ghpaitf;Fk;. mJNghyNt mwptpaypYk; fhyk; > ntspnad; g d vj;jifa Kjd;ik tfpff ; pdw ; d vd;gJk; njhpe;jitjhd;. vdNtjhd; mwpthy; thOk; ,t;Tyfk; rpq;fsj;jpd;; ,t; \ntsp| gw;wpa mwpjy; kWg;Gf;fz;L ngupJk; fytukilfpd;wJ. Gypfshy; toq;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; ,t; \\ntsp|| gy;yhapukhz;Lfhyg; ghhpa tuyhw;

rhh; tho;f;if Kiwiag; GFj;jpath;. mth; ntspapd; Kf;fpak; gw;wpf; $WtJ cyfg; Gfo;ngw;w thh;j;ijfs;.

khrp - gq;Fdp> 2006

\\MLfhy; Kg;gJk; rf;fuj;jpd; ikaj;jpy; ,izfpd;wd.

Mdhy; rf;fuj;jpd; gad; mjd; ntw;Wg; gFjpahy; fpilf;fpd;wJ. ghz;lk; ghz;lkhf fspkz; tidag;gLfpd;wJ Mdhy; ghz;lj;jpd; gad; mjd; ntw;Wg; gFjpahy; fpilf;fpd;wJ. tPlL ; r; Rth;fspy; thapYf;fhfTk;> rd;dYf;fhfTk; ntw;W ntspia tpLfpd;Nwhk;.

Mdhy; ,it ntw;W ntsp vd;gjhNy gad;gLfpd;wd.”

vdNt Ciu> cyif Vd; jk;ikNa Va;ff ; g; Gj;jiuNa Kd;dpWj;jpa rpq;fs ngsj;jh;fSf;F ,g;NghJ jkJ ngsj;j newpiar; nraypy; fhl;l \ntsp| toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Mdhy; rpq;fs Njrj; jpwF ; ,g; ghpkhdj;ijg; Ghpa KbahkypUf; fpd;wJ. mth;fs; kdq;fspNy ,jidg;

Guptjw;fhd \\ntsp|| fpilahJ. mth;fs; kdntspnaq;Fk; fho;gG ; k;> ntWg;Gk;> Ia Kk;> mtek;gpfi ; fAk; epuk;gpff ; plf;fpdw ; d. ,JNt ,d; i wa cyfpd; Jauk; . rpq;fs Njrk; jd;idj;jhNd ,d;W rgpj; Jf;nfhs;fpd;wJ. xU NtisapNy gy Kfk; fhl;b mk;gykhfpd;wJ. vdNt rpqf ; sNjrk; rdehafg;gltpyi ; y; jd;id Azutpyi ; y; ,Ue;Jk; Gypfs; \\ntspia|| ePbf;fpd;whh;fs;. Aj;jnkd;gJ ntspaw;W %lg;gl;l epiy. mikjpnad;gJ ntspah fpd;wJ. Vd; rpq;fsj;jhy; ,ijg; Ghpa Kbatpy;iy? Vnddpy; ,w;iwtiu jkpo; kf;fSf;Ff; fhyf;nfL tpjpj;jth;fSf;F ,g;NghJ jkf;Nf fhynty;iy tpjpff ; g;gL tij Vw;fKbatpy;iy.

1979Mk; Mz; L A+iyapy; gaq;futhjj; jilr;rl;lj;jpid N[.Mh; nfhz; L te; j NghJ ,j; j P t pd; vy; y h ntspfSk; %lg;gl;ld. jkpo; kf;fspd; kdntspnaq;Fk; \\,z;L ,Lf;fpy;yhky;|| mtyj;jP gw;wpnahpe;jJ. mth;fspd; epy ntspapypUe; J mth; f s; njhlh; e ; J tpul;lg;gl;lhh;fs;. 1979a+iy 11Mk; jpfjp N[.Mh; jkpok ; f;fs; ,Ug;gpwN ; f fhyf;nfL tpjpjj ; hh;. gpupNfbah; tPuJq;fhit mioj;J 1979> 04 -31Mk; jpfjpf;F Kd; Gypfis mopj;JtpLkhW Mizapl;lhh;. ,d;gj;ij Ak;> nry;tuj;jpdj;ijAk; nfhd;W mth;fs; kz;ilNahl;bidr; rpijj;J gz;izg; ghyj;jbapy; tPrpaNghJ jhaf ntsp naq;Fk; gpughfud; miye;jhh;; cytpdhh;; fue;Jiwe;jhh;. ,f;fl;lj;jpy; vd;d nra;J nfhz;bUe;jPh;fs;? vd mthplNk tpd tpNdhk;. mtNuh toikNghy Gd;rphpgG ; ld; kpfr; rhjhuzkhff; $wpdhh;. tpuy;tpl;L vz;zf;$ba jdJ ,d;Daph;j; Njhoh; fisf; $l;bf;nfhz;L td;dpj;jhapd; mlh;e;j fhl;LntspjdpNy fhg;Gj;Njb te;jpwq;fpa tuyhw;wpid mth; tpsf; fpdhh;. rpq;fsg; gaq;futhjj;jpw;F Kfk; nfhLf;Fk; nghWg;gpidj; jdJ kdntsp apy; jhNd Vw;w mth; jhNd jdJ Njho Uf;Fg; gapw;rp toq;fyhdhh;. gapw;rp Mrpupadhf md;W mth; njhlq;fpa gzp ,d;W fpspnehr;rpapy; rUtNjr ,uh[je;jpupfSf;Ff; fw;ifnewp gapw; W tpg; g jpy; te; J Kbe; J s; s J. ,t;thwhf ,e;jpag; gil ,q;F tug; Nghtjhff; fijmbgl;l fhyfl;lj;jpy; xU ntz;RUl;ilg; gw;witj;J mJ Kb tjw;F Kd; jkpoiu mopg;Nghk; vd;w th;fs;> xU ,uT Kbtjw;FKd; Gypfis ,y;yhJ nra;Nthk; vd;w ,e;jpaj; jsgjp fs;> Gypfis td;dpg;gug;gpNy fhy; jhpf; fNt ,lkpyy ; hky; nra;Nthk; vd n[arpf; FW fhyj;jpNy $wpa ,uhZt ty;Y eh;fs; vy;NyhUNk jkpo; kf;fSf;Ff; fhyf;nfL tpjpj;jth;fs;jhd;. ,g;NghJ vy;NyhUf;FNk \\nfL|| tpjpf;Fk; epiyapy; Gypfs; cs;shh;fs;. ,JNt tuyhw;wd;idapd; jPhg ; G ; . vdNt ,q;Nf ,e;j E}w;whz;bd; kpfg; ghhpa Nfs;tpnaOfpd;wJ. ,t; \\ntsp|| gad; jUkh? my;yJ ghohFkh? jdJ \\fhyj; Jah;|| vDk; mw;Gjkhd ftpij E}ypy; ftpQh; tpy;tuj;jpdk; vk; kf;fspd; kd ntspnaq;fDk; vjpnuhypf;Fk; ePjpapd; Fuiy xypf;fpd;whh;. \\$tpf; $tp guntspnaq;Fk; miyAk; mtd; Fuy; cdJ fjph;fspy; ClWj;J mjputpy;iyah? xspf;fdp ehb rpwfbj;j gwitfspd; rq;fPjj;ij vupe;j rhk;ghpd;Wk; kPl;Lj; jh ,Us; gbe;j GijTfspd;Wk; Gjpa FUjpg; nghypNthL ,ts; gps;isfis vOg;gpj;jh xsp epiw tho;tpd; cd;djj;ij vkf;Fj;jh.”

03

rp rpq;fsf; fl;likg;gpd; xU mq;fkhf K];ypk; gilazp xd;iw rpq;fs muR cUthf;fpAs;sJ. fpof;F khfhdj;jpy; K];ypk; kf;fs; tjpAk; gFjpfspy; mjw;fhd Ml;Nrh;g;gpYk; gil mjpfhupfs; jPtpukhf <Lgl;Ls;sdh;.

K];ypk; fpuhkq;fisg; ghJfhf;f ,e;jg; gilazp gad;gLj;jg;gLk; vd;W rpq;fsj;jug;gpy; fhuzq;fs; $wg;gLfpd;wd.

rpijj;J jkpo; - K];ypk; kf;fis Nkhjtpl;L murpay; ,yhgk; NjlNt mJ Kaw;rpf;fpd;wJ ,e;jr; rjp Nehf;fj;JlNdNa K];ypk; gilg; gphptpd; cUthf;fj;jpw;F rpq;fs muR tpj;jpl;Ls;sJ. \rkhjhdg; Ngr;Rf;fs; %yNk rpq;fs - jkpo; ,dg;gpur;rpidf;Fj; jPh;T| vd;W [dhjpgjp uh[gf;r mbf;fb $Wfpd;whh;. mikjp topapy; jkpohpd; Njrpa ,dg;gpur;rpidf;F murpay; jPh;T fhzj;jahh; vd;W Gypfs; ,af;fKk; $wptUfpd;wJ. kfpe;j muRf;Fk; Gypfs; ,af;fj;jpw;FkpilNa n[dpthtpy; Ngr;Rthh;j;ijfSk; Muk;gkhfptpl;ld.

Mdhy;> jkpo; K];ypk; kf;fspd; ey;Ywitr; rPh; Fiyj;J mjd; %yk; murpay; Mjhak; NjLk; xU ,op nray; ,Jntd;W jkpo; kf;fs; fUJfpd;wdh;. ,dj;JNuhfp fUzhtpd; ntspNaw;wj;jpd; gpd;dh; fpof;F khfhzj;jpy; jkpo; - K];ypk; kf;fspd; cwT tsh;r;rpaile;J tUfpd;wJ vd;gJ ahtUk; mwpe;j cz;ik.

Gypfs; ,af;fj;jpw;Fk; K];ypk; r%fg;nghpahh;fSf;FkpilNa fpuhkq;fs; thapyhfr; re;jpg;Gfs; ele;J ,U jug;gpw;FkpilNa xw;WikAk;> ek;gpf;ifAk; gbg;gbahff; fl;bnaOg;gg;gl;LtUfpd;wd. ,e;jr; re;jpg;Gfs; thapyhf K];ypk; kf;fspd; fhzp kw;Wk; thzpgg; gpzf;FfSf;Fj; jPh;Tfs; fhzg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ. K];ypk; nghpahh;fs; fpspnehr;rp te;J Gypfspd; jiyikfisAk; re;jpj;Jf; fUj;Jg; ghpkhw;wq;fs; nra;J jpUk;Gfpd;wdh;. jkpo;j; Njrpaf; $l;likg;gpd; cUthf;fj;jpd; gpd;dh; mjd; Ntl;ghsh; gl;baypy; K];ypk; gpujpepjpfSf;Fk; ,l xJf;fPL nra;Ak; msTf;F jkpo; K];ypk; cwT epiy Nkk;gl;Ls;sJ. jkpoh; jhafj;jpy; jkpo; K];ypk; kf;fspilNa Vw;gl;L tUk; ,e;j cwT tsh;r;rpiar; rpq;fs muR tpUk;gtpy;iy. ,e;j cwT epiyiar;

jkpoh; jhafj;jpy; jkpo; - K];ypk; kf;fspilNa Vw;gl;L tUk; ,e;j cwT tsh;r; rpiar; rpq;fs muR tpUk;gtpy;iy. ,e;j cwT epiyiar; rpijj;J jkpo; - K];ypk; kf;fis Nkhjtpl;L murpay; ,yhgk; NjlNt mJ Kaw;rpf;fpd;wJ ,e;jr; rjp Nehf;fj;JlNdNa K];ypk; gilg; gphptpd; cUthf;fj;jpw;F rpq;fs muR tpj;jpl;Ls;sJ.

04

kfpe;j muR vz;Zfpd;wJ. jkpo; - K];ypk; Nkhjiyg; ngUnkLg;gpy; J}z;bj; jkpoh; jhafj;jpy;> jkpo;NgRk; kf;fspilNa ,uj;jf; fshpia cz;Lgz;z \K];ypk; gilg;gphpT| rpwe;j fUtpahf mikAk; vd;W kfpe;j muR fUJfpd;wJ. ,NjNtis> ,e;j K];ypk; gilg;gphptpd; cUthf;fj;jpd; %yk; jkpohpd; mbg;gil murpay; cupikfisr; nry;yhf;fhrhf;f KaYk; xU R+o;r;rpfuj; jpl;lj;ijAk; kfpe;j muR kdjpy; itj;Js;sJ. K];ypk; gilg;gphpitg; gad; gLj;jpj; jkpoiuAk;> K];ypk;fisAk; Nkhjtpl;L fpof;F khfhzj;ij xU nfhiyf;fskhf khw;wpdhy; jkpohpd;

- R.utp ,e; epiyapy; rpq;fs muRf;F K];ypk; gilg;gphptpd; Njit jpBnud Vd; Vw;gl;Ls;sJ? ,J rkhjhdj;ij tYg;gLj;Jk; Nehf;fk; nfhz;l xU eltbf;ifay;y. mNjNtis> rpq;fs muR jdJ gilf;fhf Ml;Nrh;f;Fk; xU ,ay;ghd nraw;ghLky;y. khwhf jkpo; - K];ypk; kf;fspilNa ,d Nkhjiy cUthf;fp mjd; %yk; jkpohpd; tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lj;ij eRf;f Mirg;gLk; rpq;fs murpd; ehrfhuj;jpl;lNk ,JthFk;. ,e; epiyapy; jkpohpd; tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lj;ijf; nfhr;irg;gLj;jp - Gypfs; ,af;fj;jpd; ew;ngaiuAk; khRgLj;jpdhy; mJ rpq;fsg; Nghpdthjj;jpw;F murpay; ,uhZt ed;ikfis toq;Fk; vd;W

jhaff; Nfhl;ghL nrj;JtpLk; vd;W rpq;fs ,dthjpfs; Cfpf;fpd;wdh;. jkpohpd; jhaff; Nfhl;ghl;il mz;ikapy; kfpe;j uh[gf;r mth;fs; epuhfhpj;J - td;ikahff; fUj;Jf; $wpapUe;jhh.; ,ij gpd;dh; n[dhjpgjp nrayfg; Ngr;rhsh; xUth; kWj;jpUe;jhh; vd;gJ NtWfij. ,J rpq;fsMl;rpahsh;fs; midtUNk nra;J tUk; xU jpUFjhsk; vd;gJ jkpo; kf;fSf;Fj; njhpAk;. jhaff; Nfhl;ghL nry;yhf;fhrhdhy;> jkpohpd; Njrpak; vd;gJk;> nghUsw;wjhfptpLk>; jd;dhl;rp chpikf; Nfhhpf;ifAk; tYtpoe;JtpLk;> xl;L nkhj;jj;jpy; jkpohpd; tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lk; murpay; mh;j;jj;jpy; fPh;j;jp ,oe;JtpLk;. Gypfspd; murpay; kjpg;Gk; Nfs;tpf;fplkhfptpLk; vd;W rpq;fs

muR vz;Zfpd;wJ. rkhjhdg; Ngr;Rf;fis kfpe;j muR tpUk;gtpy;iy vd;gJ cz;ik. jkpohpd; ,dg;gpur;rpidf;F ,uhZt topapy; jPh;T fhz;gJ vd;gNj rpq;fs ngsj;j Nghpdthjpfspd; murpay; epiyg;ghL. Mdhy; rkhjhdj;ijf; Fog;gpg; Nghiuj; njhlq;fpdhy; rh;tNjr Nfhgj;jpw;F Mshf Nehplk; vd;gjhy; rjpj;jdkhd efh;Tfisr; nra;J mikjp Kaw;r;rpfSf;Fr; rkhjp fl;l rpq;fs muR Kay;fpwJ. rkhjhd Kaw;rpfSf;Fg; GijFop mikf;Fk; Gtpapaw;fskhf fpof;F khfhzj;ij rpq;fs muR Njh;njLj;Js;sJ. nfhiyfisAk; rjpfisAk; nra;Jtpl;L mtw;wpypUe;J jd;id tpLtpj;J kw;wth;fs; Nky; gop Nghl fpof;F khfhzk; tha;g;ghf cs;sJ vd;W rpq;fs muR fUJfpd;wJ. fpof;fpy;jhd; xl;Lf; FOf;fisAk; ngUnkLg;gpy; mJ fskpwf;fpAs;sJ. jkpohpilNa gpuNjr NtWghl;ilj; J}z;b xU rNfhjur; rz;ilia MtYld; vjph;ghh;j;j rpq;fs muR mjpy; Njhy;tp fz;Ltpl;lJ. ,e;epiyapy;jhd; mLj;j R+o;r;rpj; jpl;lkhf K];ypk; gilg;gphpit mJ cUthf;fpAs;sJ. Vw;fdNt rpq;fsg; Nghpdthj Ml;rpahsh;fs; jkpoUf;F vjpuhd jq;fsJ murpay; - ,uhZt

eyd;fSf;fhf K];ypk; kf;fisg; gfilf;fha;fshfg; gad;gLj;jp tUfpd;wdh;. ,e;jg; gfil murpaypy; ,g;NghJ kfpe;j uh[gf;r mth;fs; K];ypk; kf;fisAk; jkpo; kf;fisAk; Mgj;jpd; cr;rpf;Nf nfhz;L nry;y Kay;fpd;whh;.

K];ypk; gilazp vd;w ngahpy; gpd;dhy; rpq;fs muR kiwj;J itj;jpUf;Fk; R+o;r;rpj; jpl;lj;ij K];ypk; murpay; fl;rpfSk; - K];ypk; nghpahh;fSk; czh;e;J mij KisapNyNa fps;sp vwpa Kay Ntz;Lk;. ,y;iyNay;> mJ ghhpa gpd; tpisTfis cz;Lgz;zp - rpq;fs muR tpUk;GtJ Nghy jkpo; kf;fisAk;> K];ypk; kf;fisAk; epue;jug; gifikf;Fs; js;sptpLk; Mgj;ijAk; nfhz;Ls;sJ. K];ypk; kf;fisg; nghWj;j tifapy; mth;fs; kpf Kf;fpa tuyhw;Wf; flik xd;iw vjph;nfhz;lgb cs;sdh;. rpq;fsg; Nghpdthjpfspd; rjpeltbf;ifia Kwpabf;f Ntz;ba ngUk; gzp mth;fs; Kd;Nd cs;sJ. K];ypk; gilg;gphpT vd;w rpq;fsr; rjpia Kwpabj;J jkpo; - K];ypk; rftho;tpw;F K];ypk; kf;fs; ghLgl Ntz;Lnkd;W jkpo; kf;fs; Ntz;Lfpd;whh;fs;. khrp - gq;Fdp> 2006

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Nghh;epWj;j xg;ge;jj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg; Nghtjpyi ; y vd;W Kd;dh; $wpte;j kfpej ; muR jdJ fLk;Nghf;F epiyg;ghl;il n[dPthg; Ngr;rpy; khw;w ephg; g; e;jpff ; g;gl;lJ. mj;Jld; xg;ge;jr; ruj;Jf;fspy; xd;whd xl;Lf; FOf; f spd; MAjf;fisTf;Fk; mJ rk;kjpj;jJ. vdpDk; > ,d; W tiu mij mKy; g Lj; j kfpe; j muR Kd;tutpy;iy.

fhyq;fopf;fg; Gypfs; ,af;fk; tpUk;g khl;lhJ vd;gijr; rpq;fs muR Gupe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. kfpe;j murpd; rkhjhd Kaw;rp fisj; jkpo;kf;fs; re;Njff; fz;nfhz; Nl ghh;f;fpd;wdh;. ,ij xU mikjpf; fhd tha;g;ghfj; jkpoh; vz;ztpy;iy.

NghUf;Fj; jd;id jahh;gg ; Lj;Jk; rpq;fs murpdJ rjp murpaypd; ,ilf; fhykh fNt jkpo;kf;fs; fUJfpd;wdh;. rpq;fs Njrj;ijg; nghWj;j tiuapy; rkhjhdg; Ngr;ir cz;ik ahfTk; elhj;jtpy;iy - Ngr;rpy; Neh;ik

Nghuhl;lj;ijf; nfhr;irg;gLj;Jk; tpjkh fNt mit fUj;Jf;fisg; gug;gptU fpd;wd. rkhjhd Kaw;rpfspy; mf;fiw fhl;Lk; rh;tNjr ehLfisAk; fz;ld tpkh; r dq; f s; nra; t jpNyNa mit fhyk; flj;Jfpd;wd. rkhjhd Kaw; r pfis Kd; efh;j;jj; Njitahd murpay; tplaq; fis rpq;fs muR eilKiwg;gLj;jj; jtWk;NghJ rpy cyfehLfs; mijr; Rl;Lf;fhl;b rpq;fs muir vr;rhpf;if nra;fpd;wd. ,g;gbahd re;jh;gg ; q;fspy; ntspehl;L muRfspd; fUj;Jf;fspy; cs;s epahaj;ijr; rpq;fs muRf;F ,bj;Jiug;gjw;Fg; gjpyhf ,dthjj;jpd; CJFoy;fshf khwp rpq;fs murpd; fLk;Nghf;Ffis epahag;gLj;jp rkhjhd j;jpw;Fr; rkhjpfl;l Kidfpd;wd. jkpoh; jq; f sJ murpay; chpikfisr; rpq;fs muRld; Ngrpg; ngwKbahJ vd;w Gypfs; ,af;fj;jpd; ePz;lfhyf; fUj;ijNa rpq;fs muR jdJ eltbf;iffs; %yk; kPz;Lk; kPzL ; k; rhpnad;W ep&gpj;J tUfpd;wJ. jkpohpd; MAj gyk;jhd; mth; fSf;F murpay; tpLjiyiag; ngw;Wf; nfhLf;ff; $baJ vd;w fUj;J ,d;W jkpo; k f; f s; kj; j papy; tYtile; J tpl;lJ. ,Ue;jNghJk; mikjptopapy; jkpohpd; ,dg; gpur;rpidf;Fj; jPhT ; fhz KaYk; cyf r%fj;jpd; tpUg;gj;jpw;F xU tha;g;Gf;nfhLf;fNt Gypfs; ,e;j epiyapYk; rkhjhdg; Ngr;ir Fog;ghJ ,Uf;fpd;wdh;. ,e;j rkhjhd fhyj;ijg; gad;gLj;jpj; jkpohpd; Nghuhl;l epahaq; fis cyf muq;fpy; gug;Giu nra;t

Ak; filg;gpbf;ftpy;iy. N[.tp.gp kw;Wk; n`y cWka fl;rpfs; Ngr;R thh;ji ; j fisNa vjph;f;fpd;wdh;. jkpohpd; murp ay; mgpyhirfis mth;fs; mbNahL epuhfhpf;fpd;wdh;. rpq;fs Clfq;fSk; rkhjhd Kaw;rpfSf;F rkhjpfl;Ltjpy; Nghpd thj rpe;jidAld; nraw;gLfpd;wd. jkpohpd; chpikf; Nfhhpf;iffs; kPJ fho;g;Gzh;Tfisf; ff;fp - jkpohpd;

jpYk; Gypfs; ,af;fk; <Lgl;Ls;sJ. cyfj;ij Vkhw;wpagb rpq;fs muR vt;thW jkpoh;fis ,dg;gLnfhiy nra;JtUfpd;wJ? Gypfs; ,af;fj;jpd; kPJ rpq;fs muR Rkj;j Kw;gLk; mghz; lkhd Fw;wr;rhl;Lf;fspd; gpd;dzpapY s;s ,dthj murpaiyAk; - Gypfs; ,af;fk; cyfehLfs; kj;jpapy; njspT gLj;jp tUfpd;wJ. mNjrkak;> rpq;fs muR xUngUk; Nghiuj; njhLj;jhy; mij vjph;nfhs;Sk; typikiaAk; Gypfs; ,af;fk; tsh;j;J tUfpd;wJ. jkpo;kf;fisg; nghWj;j tif apy; Nghh; %yNk tpLjiy ngw KbAk; vd; w ajhh; j ; j Nk cs; s J. me; j g; ngUk;Nghh; vg;NghJ njhlq;Fk; vd;gJ rpq;fs murpd; iffspNyNa cs;sJ. rpq;fs muR Nghiuj; njhlq;Fk;NghJ jkpopdk; mjw;Fj; jahuhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. jkpopdk; xl;Lnkhj;jkhf Nghh;f; Nfhyk; G+Zk;NghJ vkJ tpLjiyAk; tpiuTngWk;. rpq;fs muR jdJ gilg; gyj; i j ,e; j mikjpf; fhyj; j py; ngUf;fp tUfpd;wJ. ghfp];jhd; - rPdh - <uhd; Nghd;w ehLfsplk; ,Ue;J MAjq;fisg; ngw;WtUfpd;wJ. jdJ Ml; g yj; i jAk; cah; j ; j ptUfpd; w J. ,jw;fhfNt xl;Lf; FOf;fisAk; MAj kag;gLj;jp ghJfhj;J tUfpd;wJ. ,NjNghd; W Gypfspd; Ml; gyj;ijAk; mjpfhpf;f Ntz;ba Njit Nghuhl;lj;jpw;F vOe;Js;sJ. jkpo; ,is Qh; - Atjpfs; ,e;j Nghuhl;lj; Njit ia czh;e;J - nraw;gl Ntz;Lk;. mur gilfshYk; xl;Lf;FOf;fshYk; gLnfhiy nra;ag;gLtjw;Fg; gjpyhf vkJ ,isQh; - Atjpfs; Nghuhspfshf khwp jq;fisAk; ghJfhj;J kf;fisAk; ghJfhf;f Kw;glNtz;Lk;.

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BË9Ã>

dPthtpy; Kjw;fl;lg; Ngr;R thh;j; ij Kbe;J ,uz;lhk; fl;lj; jpw;Fk; Njjp Fwpf;fg;gl;Ltpl;lJ. Kjw; fl;l Ngr;rpd; ngWNgWfis mKy; gLj;JtjpNyNa ,uz;lhk; fl;lg; Ngr;rpd; jiytpjp jq;fpAs;sJ. Nghh;epWj;j xg;ge;jj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;Nghtjpy;iy vd;W Kd;dh; $wp te;j kfpe;j muR jdJ fLk;Nghf;F epiyg;ghl;il n[dPthg; Ngr;rpy; khw;w eph;g;ge;jpf;fg;gl;lJ. mj;Jld; xg;ge;jr; ruj;Jf;fspy; xd;whd xl;Lf;FOf;fspd; MAjf;fisTf;Fk; mJ rk;kjpj;jJ. vdpDk;> ,d;Wtiu mij mKw;gLj;j kfpe;j muR Kd;tutpy;iy. ,Njrkak;> Kjw;fl;lg; Ngr;rpd; KbTfs; njhlh;ghf nfhOk;G jpUk;gpa Jk; mur Ngr;Rg; gpujpepjpfs; Kuz;gh lhd mwpf;iffis tpLj;J tUfpd;wdh;. xl; L f; F Of; f Ns murfl; L g; ghl;Lg; gFjpfspy; ,y;iy vd;W gilj; jsgjpfSk;- rpy mur mikg;Gf;fSk; $wptUfpd;wdh;. xl;Lf;FOf;fs; jq;fsJ fl;Lg;ghl;by; ,y;iy vd;W ntspehl;L ,uh[je;jphpfSf;Ff; $wptUfpd;wdh;. vdpDk; xl;Lf;FOf;fs; njhlh; ghd mur jug;gpd; fUj;Jf;fis Vw;f fz;fhzpg;Gf;FO kWj;Js;sJ. xl;Lf; FOf;fspd; ngah;fisf; Fwpg;gpl;L ,tw; wpd; ,Ug;ig mnkhpf;f muRk; mk;gyg; gLj;jpAs;sJld; - mit epuhAjghzp fshf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;W kfpe;j muRf;F mOj;jq;fSk; nfhLj;Js;sd. xl;Lf;FOf;fspd; MAjf;fis Tf;F rpq;fs muR rk;kjpf;fhJ ,Ug;g jw; F mjd; Nghh; Kidg; G j; j hd; mbg;gilf; fhuzpahf cs;sJ. Gypf spd; gFjpf;Fs; ,th;fis CLUt itj;J NghuhspfisAk; - jkpoPoj; Njr gf;jh;fisAk; - jkpo;g; Gj;jp[Ptpfis Ak; gLnfhiy nra;tpj;J rkhjhd Kaw;rpfisf; Fog;gpabf;f rpq;fs muR #o;rr ; pfs; nra;fpd;wJ. ,e;j xl;Lf;FOf;fs; rkhjhd fhyj; j pNyNa jkpo; k f; f isg; gP j p epiwe;j md;whl tho;f;iff;Fs; itj;

khrp - gq;Fdp> 2006

jpUf;fpd;wd. fz;%bj;jdkhf jkpo; kf;fisf; nfhd;Wk; Ml;flj;jy;fspy; <Lgl;Lk; jkpo;r; r%fj;jpDs;Ns mr;r tpijfis tpijj;J tUfpd;wd. ,d;W fpof;Fkhfhzj;jpy; ,t; tpj gaq;fur; #oNy ePbj;JtUfpd;wJ. xl;Lf;FOf;fspd; gaq;futhjr; nray; fis mikjptopapy; vjph;ff ; KidAk; jkpohpd; nghJ mikg;Gf;fs; kPJ td; Kiwj; jhf;Fjiy elhj;jp kf;fis kpul;bAk; tUfpd;wd. ,t; t pjkhd ml; ^ opaq; f s; jkpoh; jhafj;jpy; njhlh;rr ; pahf ele;J tUk; #oypy; rpq;fs muRld; Nkirapy; mkh;eJ ; NgRtJ vd;gJ Gypfs; ,af;fj; jpw;F ,ayhj xd;whFk;. mj;Jld; rpq; f s muR mikjp Kaw; r pfspy; cz;ikahfTk; - Neh;ikAlDk; ,y;iy vd;gijNa ,e;j ,uhZt muh[fq;fs; vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfpd;wd.

Ngr;Rthh;ji ; jfSf;Fr; rk;kjpg; gJk; - Ngr;R Nkirapy; mkh;e;J jkpoh; jug; G ld; murpay; cld; g hLfs; nra;tJk; gpd;dh; mtw;iw eilKiwg; gLj;jhJ Fog;gpabg;gJk; rpq;fs Ml;rp ahsh;fspd; tuyhw;W toikahFk;. gz;lh - nry;th xg;ge;jj; jpypUe;J jw;Nghija n[dPth Ngr;rpd; Kjw;fl;lk; tiu rpq;fs murpd; ,e;j re;jh;gg ; thj epiyg;ghl;ilf; fhzyhk;. ,Njrkak;> Ngr;Rf;fs; elf;Fk; mikjpf; fhyj;jpy; jkpoh;fisg; gL nfhiy nra;tijAk; rpq;fs muR xU tuyhw;W toikahfNt njhlh;e;J tU tijAk; jpk;Gg;Ngr;rpy; ,Ue;J ,d;W tiu fhzyhk;. jpk;Gg;Ngr;R elf;Fk;NghJ tTdp ahtpYk; - jpUNfhzkiyapYk; mur gilfshy; Ik;gjpw;Fk; Nkw;gl;l jkpoh; fs; gLnfhiy nra;ag;gl;bUe;jdh;. ,e;jg; gLnfhiyAld; jpk;Gg; Ngr;irf; iftpl;L Gypfs; ,af;fk; NghUf;Fj; jpUk; g papUe; j J. jkpo; k f; f s; mur gilfshy; mepahakhff; nfhy;yg;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;NghJ rpq;fs muRld; Ngr;R Nkirapy; ,Ue;J fijj;jgb

jpk;Gg;Ngr;R elf;Fk; NghJ tTdpahtpYk; jpUNfhzkiyapYk; mur gilfshy; Ik;gjpw;Fk; Nkw;gl;l jkpoh;fs; gLnfhiy nra;ag;gl;bUe;jdh;. ,e;jg; gLnfhiyAld; jpk;Gg; Ngr;irf; iftpl;L Gypfs; ,af;fk; NghUf;Fj; jpUk;gpapUe;jJ. jkpo;kf;fs; mur gilfshy; mepahakhf nfhy;yg;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;NghJ rpq;fs muRld; Ngr;RNkirapy; ,Ue;J fijj;jgb fhyq;fopf;fg; Gypfs; ,af;fk; tpUk;gkhl;lhJ vd;gijr; rpq;fs muR Gupe;Jnfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ❍

gyk;jhd; cyf xOq;if eph;zapf;fpd;wJ. gyk; j hd; jkpohpd; vjph; fhyj;ijAk; eph;zapf;f cs;sJ.

✪

05

rp “rp rpwpyq;f h gilj ;J iwapdJ fl ;L g ;g hl ;L g ; gFjpfSf ;F s ; ve ;j j ; Jiz ,uhZtf ; FOTk ; nraw ;gltpy ;iy> rpwpyq ;fh ,uhZtNkh muNrh mth ;f Sld ; ve ;jj ; njhlh ;igAk ; nfhz ;b Uf ;f tpy ;iy” vd jpUk ;gj ; jpUk ;gf ;$wp cyif Vkhw ;w Kad W ; nfhz b ; Ue j; rpwpyq f;h muRf F ; n[dPthtpy ; gyj ;j mbnahd ;W tpOe ;jpUf ;fpd ;wJ. rpwpyq;fh muR $Wtjpy ; cz ;ik ,Uf ;FNkh vd rQ ;ryg ;gl ;l rpyUf ;Ff ;$l me ;j re ;Njfk ; mb NahL mw W ; g;NghAs s ; J. Jiz ,uhZtf ;FOf f;s ; njhlh ;ghd tYthd Mjhuq ;fSld ;$ba mk ;gyg ; gLj ;jyhy ; rpwpyq;fh muR rh ;tNjr r%fj ;jpd ;Kd ; mk;kzg ;gl ;Lg ;Ngha ;epw ;fpwJ. rpwpyq ;fhtpy ;cs ;s murpay ;thjpfs ;mj ;jid NgUk ;mth ;fspd ;Nghpd thj Clfq ;fSk ; Nrh ;e;Jepd ;W> Jiz ,uhZtf ; FOf ;fs ; ,y ;yNt ,y ;iy> muRf ;Fk ; mth ;fSf ;Fk ; ve j;j ; njhlh G ; fSk ; ,y i;y vd vg g ; b cuf f;f ; fj j;p dhYk ;mjid ,d ;W vtUk ;ek ;gj ;jahuhf ,y ;iy.

Jizg ;g ilf ; FOf ;f is rpwpyq ;f h muR ghJfhj ;J itj ;Jf ;nfhz ;L mtw ;iwg ;gad ;gLj ;jp tUfpd w ; ik ntl l; ntspr r; khfpAk ;$l> xU Kul L ; Kl ;lhSf ;Fhpa tPk;Gld ; rpwpyq;fh muR NgrptUt Jld ; Jizg ;g ilfspd ; nraw ;g hLfisAk ; mjpfhpj;Js s ; J. rh t;Njr r%fj i;jAk $ ; l Gwe j;s s ; pj ; Jizg ;gilfspy ;rpwpyq;fh muR Vd ;,e ;jstpw ;F mf ;fiw fhl ;Lfpd ;wJ vd ;w tpdh vOtJ ,ay ;Ng. ,e ;j xl ;Lg ;gilfisf ; nfhz ;L gilj ;Jiw hPjpahd “rhjidfs ”; vjidAk ;nra J ; tpl KbahJ

Rlutd; tUfpd ;w Mjutpid kOq ;fbf ;f KaYk ;eltbf ;if fshfTk ; ,it mike ;jpUf ;f pd ;w d. mz ;ikapy ; %J}h ;g ;gFjpapy ; jkpo ; ,isQh ; Rlg ;gl ;l rk ;gtk ;> kl l;f f;sg G ; g;gFjpapy ;jw N ; ghJ mjpfhpj J ; tUk ;nfhs ; isr ;rk ;gtq ;fs ;> nfhiyfs ;vd ;gtw ;iw ehk ;,e ;j mbg ;gilapy ; itj ;Nj Nehf ;fNtz ;Lk ;.

NkYk > ; xl L ;gg ; ilfshy ;Nkw n ; fhs s ;g g ; Lfpd w ; Ml f;lj j;y ;eltbf i;ffs ;jk K ; ld ;,ize J ; nraw ; gl Ntz L ; k ;vd w ; kpul l;y f;s ;vd g ; dTk > ; tpLjiyg ; Gypfs ;Nkw ;nfhs ;fpd ;w nray ;fshf ntspAyfpw ;Ff ; fhl ;Ltjpy ; rpwpyq;fh muR> mur Clfq ;fisAk ; ;jpl ;lkpl ;l hPjpapy;gad ; Nghpdthj Clfq ;fisAk gLj ;jptUfpd ;wJ. ,e ;eltbf ;iffs ; %yk ; rh ;tNjr r%fj j;pd K ; d ;tpLjiyg ;Gypfisf ;Fw w ; thspfshff ; fhl ;Ltjw ;F Kaw ;rpf ;fg ;gLfpwJ. jtpuTk ; n[dpthg ; Ngr ;Rthh ;j ;ij eilngw ;w nghOJ tpLjiyg ; Gypfspd ; jsgjpfisf ; nfhy ; tjw ;F Nkw ;n fhs ;s g ;g l ;l Kaw ;r pfs ;> mjd ;g pd; tTzjPtpy ;,U Nghuhspfs ;tPur ;rhtile ;j epfo ;T

rpwpyq;fh muR KidfpwJ. ,it ,t t;hW eilngw W ; fn ; fhz b ; Uf f; xl L ;g; gilfspd ; nraw ;ghl ;L ePl ;rp fly ; fle ;Jk ; nry ; fpd w ; J. rh t;Njr r%fj j;pd ;ghh i;tapy ;cah e ;J ; tUk ; tpLjiyg ;Gypfs ;kPjhd ed k ; jpg;igj ;jkpoPo tpLjiy Nghuhl ;l epahaj ;Jtj ;ijr ; rpijj ;Jtpl rpwpyq ;fh muR jPtpukhfr ; nraw ;gl ;LtUfpd ;wJ. ,jndhU ntspg ;ghlhf “Gypfs ; ntspehLfspy ; cs ;s Gyk ; ngah ;e;j kf ;fsplkpUe ;j gaKWj ;jpg; gzk ; gwpf ; fpd ;whh;fs ;.” vd ;w fij jPtpukhfg ;gug ;gg ;gl ;L tU fpd ;wJ. ,e ;eltbf ;ifapy ; <.vd ;.b.vy ;.vt ; xl ;Lf ; FOit rpwpyq f;h muR gue j;stpy ;gad g ; Lj J ; fpwJ. mj ;Jld ;mq ;F nraw ;gl ;LtUk ;NjrtpNuhj Clfq ; fisAk ;,izj ;jjhf ,e ;eltbf ;if Kd ;ndLf ;fg ; gLfpwJ.. ,J njhlh ;gpy; kdpj chpikf ; FOf ;fs ; Kd ;d piyapy ; rhl ;r pak ; mspf ;F k ; Gyk ;n gah ;e ;j egh;fshf <.vd ;.b.vy ;.vt ; xl ;Lf ;FOtpdh ; nraw ; gl ;likiaAk ; mwpaKbfpd ;wJ. ,e j;g ;gpd d ; zpapy > ; tpLjiyg ;Gypfs ;Gyk n ; gah ; kf ;fsplkpUe ;J kpul ;bg ;gzk ;Nrfhpf ;fpd ;wdh ;vd mnkhpf;fhitj ; jiyikafkhff ;nfhz ;L ,aq ;Fk ;

vd ;gjid rpwpyq ;fh muR epr ;rak ; czh e ;N ; japUf F ; k .; mjpYk ;md W ; mth ; fs ; nghpjha ; ek ;g papUe ;j fUzh xl ;L f ;F Othy ; gilapdhpd ; fhy ; fSf F ; eLtpy ;,Ue J ; nfhz L ; kl L ; Nk Fiuf ;f KbAk ; vd ;w ajhh ;j ;jKk ; ,d ;W muRf ;F ciwj ;NjapUf ;Fk ;. ,t ; thW gilj ;J iwg ; ngWkhdq ;f s ; mw;w ,j ;Jizg ;gilf ; FOf ;fisg ; ghJfhg g ; jw f;hf rh t;Njr r%fj i;jAk ; Gwej;s s ; rpwpyq f;h thpe J ; fl b ;f n ; fhz L ; epw ;fpd ;wJ vd ;why;> mjw ;F NtWgy fhuzq ;fs ; ,Uf ;fNt nra ;Ak ;. ,e ;j tifapy ;Nehf ;Fk ;NghJ mz ; ikf f;hykhf mjpfhpj J ;s s ; Ml f;lj j;y ; nraw ;g hLfs ; ftdj ;j py ; nfhs ;s Ntz b ; aitahf cs s ; d. ,t t;hwhd flj ;jy ;eltbf ;iffs ;,e ;jpa ,uhZ tk ;,yq ;ifapy ;,Ue ;j fhyj ;jpy ;xl ;Lg ;gilapdh ; Nkw;n fhz ;l Ml ;g pbg;G eltbf ;iffis Qhgf %l ;Lfpd ;wd. md ;iwf ;F Mapuf ;fzf ;fhd ,isQh ; fis> khzth ;fis gyte ;jkhfg ;gpbj ;Jg ;gapw;rpa spj ;J xU gilg ;gphpit cUthf ;fpaijg ; Nghd ;W ,d ;W rpwpyq;fh ,uhZtj ;jpd ; JizAld ; ,t ; xl ;Lg ;gilfs ;nraw ;gl Kidtjhfj ;njhpfpd ;wJ. ,g ;gilNghd ;w vg ;gilAk ; Gypg;gilf ;F Kd ; mjpfNeuk ;epd W ; gpbf f;hJ vd g ; J gl l;wpT. vdpDk ; ,t ;thwhdnjhU Nkhjy ; Vw ;gLkhdhy ; mg ;ghtp ,isQh ;f s ; ,t ; xl ;L f ;F Of ;f shy ; gypf ;f lhf ; fshf f;g g ; Lth .; ,t t;hwhd #oy > ; jdf F ; gyKid ,yh gj ;ijg ;ngw ;Wj ;jUk ;vd rpwpyq ;fh muR ek ;GfpwJ. NkYk ;,d W ; <.gp.b.gp> Gnshl > ; <.gp.Mh.;vy .;vt ; (tujh ;mzp)> Nghd w ; Jizg g ; ilf ;FOf f;s ;murpaw; fl r; pfs ;vd w ; ngahpy ;nraw g ; LtJ Nghd W ; fUzh FOitAk ; VNjh xU ngahpy ; murpay ; fl ;rpahf ;fp muq ;Nfw;w muR Kidfpd ;wJ. mjw ;fhd Ntiyfs ; Kk K ; ukhf ,lk n ; gw W ; tUfpd w ; d. ,jndhU gFjpahf kl l;f f;sg G ; efhpd ;ikag g ; Fjpapy;,t ;xl L ;gg ; ilf ; FOit epiyg g ; Lj j;pAs s ; rpwpyq f;h muR> mYtyfq ; fisAk ;mikj J ;f n ; fhLj J ; ghJfhg i;gAk ;toq f;ptU fpd ;wJ. ,t ; xl ;L g ;g ilfis kw ;W k; xU topapYk ; rpwpyq;fh muR nraw ;gLj ;jptUfpwJ. jkpo ;> K] ;ypk; kf ;f Sf ;F ,ilapyhd ey ;Y wit rpijf ;F k ; Kaw r; pfs ;ed F ; jpl l;kpl L ; Kd n ; dLf f;g g ; Lfpd w ; d. ,e j; nraw g ; hLfspy ;jkpo ;xl L ;f F ; Of f;s ;kl L ; kd w ; p K] ;y Pk; xl ;L f ;F Of ;f Sk ; <LgLj ;j g ;g Lfpd ;w d. mz ;ikapy ;,J njhlh ;ghfr ;nra ;jpfs ;ntspahd NghJ K] y ; Pk;murpay t;hjpfs ;rpyh ;mtrumtrukhf ,jid kWj J ; mwpf i;ffs ;tpl l;dh .; ,Ue J ; k ;mz i;k apy;jpUkiyapy ;eilngw ;w Clftpayhsh ;re ;jpg; gpy; ,U K] ;yPk;Ch ;fhty ; gilapdh ; ntspapl ;l jfty ;fs ; cz ;ik epiyia ed ;F njspTgLj ;jp As s ; d. ,t t;hwhd xl L ;f F ; Of f;s ;jpUkiyapy ;kl L ; kd ;w p kl ;lf ;f sg ;G > mk;g hiw> Gj ;jsk ; Nghd ;w gFjpfspYk ;nraw g ;l L ; tUfpd w ; d. jw N ; ghJ Gj j;sk ; gFjpapy ; mjpfhpj ;J s ;s Gnshl ; xl ;L f ;F Otpd ; gpurd ;dKk ; ,Nj Nehf ;fk ;nfhz ;lNj. nfhs ;isfs ;> Ml ;flj ;jy ;> gLnfhiyfs ;> vd ;g tw w ; pd;%yk ;jkpo ;- K] y ; Pk;cwT Nkk g ; hl i;l rpijf f; Kay t;Jld ;rh t;Njr kl l;j j;py ;GypfSf F ; mjpfhpj J ;

06

jw ;NghJ jPtpukhapUf ;Fk ;xl ;Lf ;FOf ;fspd ;ntspg ; gilahd gpurd ;dk ; vd ;gd tpLjiyg ; Gypfis type J ; NghUf F ; ,Of f;pd w ; je j;pNuhghaq f;Ns. ,jd ; %yk ;Nghh;g g ; opia tpLjiyg G ; ypfs ;Nky ;Rkj j;ptpl fUzhFO <.gp.b.gp> Gnshl; Nghd; w it ,uhZtf; fl;Lg;ghl;Lg; gFjpfspNyNa rpwpyq;fh murpd; xl;Lg;gilfshfr; nraw;gl;LtUfpd;wd. mnkupf;f ,uh[hq;f jpizf;fsk;.

ntypf;fe;j ,uhZtf;fl;Lg;ghl;Lg; gFjpapy; cs;s xl;Lf;FOf;fspd; Kfhk; njhlHghf nghJkf;fs; jk;kplk; Kiwg;ghL nra;jjhf 231Mk; gpwpNfl;ilr; NrHe;j gpupNfbaH HMHA N`uj; xj;Jf;nfhz;lhH rz;NlyPlH.

fUzhFOitr; NrHe; j kq; f sk; vd; g tiu mikr;rH ikjpupghy rpwpNrd re;jpj;J rdhjpgjpj; NjHjy; njhlHghf fye;JiuahbAs;shH. rpq;fs ehspjo; ,Wjpd.

mk;ghiwg; gFjpapy; Jizg;gilfspd; Kfhk; xd;W gilapdupd; KfhKf;F mz;ikapy; mikf;fg; gl;Ls;sJ. mk;ghiw khtl;l ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdH jahuj;d.

mur fl;Lg;ghl;L gFjpfspy; Jiz MAjf; FOf;fs; nraw;gLtJ cz;ik. mij ehq;fs; Neupy; fz;Ls;Nshk;.

NghHepWj;jf; fz;fhzpg;Gf; FOtpd; Ngr;rhsHnfyd; xyg;]; Nlhl;uaH.

murhq; f j; j pd; MjuTld; Jizf; F Of; f s; ,aq;Ffpd;wd. xLf;F KiwfSf;nfjpuhd rh;tNjr mikg;gpd; jiyth;> - epka;fh ngh;dhz;Nlh.

kdpj chpikfs ;mikg G ; xd W ; mz i;kapy ;mwpf;if tpl ;bUe ;jJ. ,e ;j mwpf ;iff ;Fg ; Gyk ;ngah ; ehLfspy ; thOk ; jkpo;kf f;splk ;,Ue J ; te j; vjph t;pidahy > ; mUz L ; Nghd mt ;kdpj chpik mikg G ; jd ;fUj j;py ;,Ue J ; gpd;thq ;fp tpLjiyg ;Gypfspw;F kf ;fs ;ngUkstpy ; tpUk g ; pNa gzk ;nfhLf f;pd w ; dh ;vd W ; k;jdp egh f;s ; rpyNu Nkw;nrhd d ; thW ele J ; nfhs f;pd w ; dh ;vd W ; k; kPs mwpf;if tpl ;Ls ;sJ. ,t ;thW ntspehLfspy ; tpLjiyg ; GypfSf ;F vjpuhfTk > ; jkpoPo tpLjiyg ;Nghuhl l;j j;pw;F vjpuhf Tk ; Nkw ;nfhs ;sg ;gLk ; nraw ;ghLfis me ;j me ;j ehl b ; y ;cs s ; rpwpyq f;hj ;J}jufq f;s ;xUq f;pizj J ; nraw ;gLj ;jptUfpd ;wd. mz ;ikapy ; n[dPthtpy ; Ngr ;Rthh ;j ;ijfs ; ele ;Jnfhz ;bUe ;jnghOJ tpL jiyg ; GypfSf ;F vjpuhfTk ;> Ngr ;Rthh ;j ;ijfSf ;F vjpuhfTk ;> xU Mh ;g ;ghl ;lk ; elj ;jg ;gl ;lJ. ,t ; Mh;g g ; hl l;j j;py ;fye J ; nfhz l;th f;s ;gy INuhg g ; pa ehLfspy ;,Ue J ; rpwpyq f;hj ;J}jufq f;spd ;Vw g ; hl b ;y ; mq ;F mDg ;gp;itf ;fg ;gl ;bUe ;jdh ;. rpq ;fsg ;Nghpd thjpfSk ;xl L ;gg ; ilapdUk ;,ize N ; j gpRgpRj;Jg ; Nghd ,t ;thh ;g ;ghl ;lj ;ij elj ;jpdh ;. Mh ;g ;ghl ;lf ; fhuh;fspy ;Kf f;pakhdtuhff ;fUjg g ; l l;<.vd .;b.vy .;vt ; xl ;Lf ;FOitr ; Nrh ;e;j xUth ; Rtp] ; nghyprhuhy ; ifJ nra a ;gg ; l l;ikAk > ; mth ;nfhiy> Ml f;lj j;y > ; Nghijg ;nghUs ;th j; j;fk > ; Nghd w ; Fw w ; q f;Sf f;hfj ; Njlg ;gl ;L te ;jth ; vd ;gJk ; gpd ;dh ; njhpate ;jJ. cs ;ehl ;bYk ;> rh;tNjr hPjpapYk ;tpLjiyg ;Gyp fSf ;F> mth ;fsJ Nghuhl ;l ,yl ;rpaj ;jpw;F ngUfp tUk ;Nguhjuitf ;fz L ; rpwpyq f;h ,g N ; ghJ fyq f;pg; NghAs ;sJ. xl ;Lg ;gilfisg ; gad ;gLj ;jp ,e ;j epiyiar ;rPh;Fiyf ;f rpwpyq ;fh muR jPtpu Kaw ;rp fis Nkw ;nfhz ;LtUfpd ;wJ. jd ;dhy ;Nghh;f ;fsj ; jpYk ;Ngr ;Rthh ;j ;ij NkirapYk ;ngwKbahj ,yh gq ;fis ,j ;jifa eltbf ;iffs ;%yk ;ngw KbA nkd> mJ cWjpahf ek G ; fpwJ. ,jdhNyNa rh t;Njr r%fj ;jpd ;fUj ;Jf ;fisg ;Gwe;js ;sp xl ;Lg ;gilapd Uldhd jkJ cwit NkYk ;tYg g ; Lj j;ptUfpd w ; J. rpwpyqf;hg ; Nghpdthjpfs ; jkpoh ; jug g ; pw n ; fjpuhfj ; jhk ;gwpj j; Fopfspy > ; gpd;dpa tiyfspy ;jhNk tPo j; j;g ; gl ;Lg ;NghdNj tuyhW. mt ;thNw ,d ;iwaxl ;Lg ; gil tptfhuKk .; rpwpyq;fh Nghpdthjk ;mjd ;mopit Nehf ;fp mjptpiuthf....

khrp - gq;Fdp> 2006

,yq;ifj;jPitNa xUfzk; cYf;fptpl;l 1983 A+iy ,dg;gLnfhiyia mLj;Jte;j ehl;fspy; mg;Nghija murhq;fj;jpy; Kf;fpa mikr;ruhf ,Ue;j fhkpdp jprehaf;fh jkpo;kf;fis Nehf;fp ,g;gbf; $wpdhh;. \\,e;jf; fytuj;jpy; jkpoh;fisf; nfhz;wth;fs; ahnud;why; rpq;fsth;fs;. ,e;jf; fytuj;jpy; jkpoh;fisf; fhg;ghw;wpath;fs; ahnud;why; mJTk; rpq;fsth;fs;. ,jpypUe;J jkpoh;fs; xd;iw tpsq;fpf;nfhs;syhk;. jkpoh;fis mopf;fNth> fhg;ghw;wNth rpq;fsth;fshy;jhd; KbAk;|| vd;W. ,g;gb mgj;jkhd jh;f;fj;ij Kd;itg;gjhfj;jhd; rpq;fsj; jiyth;fs; jq;fs; Gj;jp[Ptpj;jdj;ijg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhz;ldh;. ,jdhy; ,yq;ifj;jPT fz;l tpisT vd;d?

Kuz;gl;l jug;GfSf;F

nry;tehafj;ijj; jiyikj;Jtkhff; nfhz;L rhj;tPf topapy; Nghuhl;lq;fis elj;jp chpikiag; ngwKad;w fhykhf ,Ue;jJ. 1976 njhlf;fk; 1983 fWg;G A+iy gLnfhiytiu mkph;jypq;fk; jkpo; ,isQh; MAjf;FOf;fis

topfs; vz;gj;jp %d;W A+iyAld; milgl;lNghJ Aj;jj;jpw;fhd murpaw; Gwepiy gpwe;jJ vd;gij tpsq;fpf;nfhs;s KbAk;. 1983 fytuj;jpw;F Kd; gpd;dhfr; rpq;fs murpay; jiyth;fs; jkpoh;fis Nehf;fp Kd;itj;j Nfh~q;fs; Aj;jj;ijj; jtpu vy;yhg; ghijfSf;Fk; Kw;Wg;Gs;sp itj;jd. jkpoh;fis mopf;fNth> fhg;ghw;wNth rpq;fsth;fshy;jhd; KbAk; vd;W mgj;jkhd jh;f;fj;ij fhkpdp jp]ehaf;f Kd;itj;J Vwj;jho ,U jrhg;jq;fspd; gpd; re;jpupfh murhq;fj;jhy; ,Wjp ntw;wp vd;W ek;gpf;ifA+l;lg;gl;L <tpuf;fkw;W jkpoh;fs; kPJ

Who attacked you? Sinhalese.

Who protected you? Sinhalese.

It is we who can attack and protect you!

khwhff; fl;Lehaf;fh kPjhd Gypfspd; jhf;Fjypd;NghJ rpq;fs mg;ghtpg; nghJkfdpy; xUth;jhDk; nfhy;yg;gl;Ltplf;$lhJ vd;gjw;fhf Nghuhspfs; jq;fs; caph;fisg; gzak; itj;Jf; fhj;jpUe;jhh;fs; vd;gijtpl> jkJ capiu kha;j;Jr; nra;ate;j ntw;wpiaNa gzak; itj;J fhj;jpUe;jhh;fs; vd;W nrhy;tJjhd; rupahdJ. ,q;Nfjhd; nfhOk;ig cYf;fpa fl;Lehaf;fh tpkhdj;jsk; kPjhd Gypfspd; jhf;Fjiy mLj;J ,g;gbr; nrhy;yj;Njhd;WfpwJ. \\rpq;fs kf;fNs cq;fis mopf;fg; Gypfisj; J}z;Lgth;fs; ahh;? rpq;fsj; jiyth;fs;. mjpypUe;J cq;fisf; fhg;ghw;w mth;fshy; Kbfpwjh? ,y;iy> mg;ghtpg; nghJkf;fs; Aj;jj;jpy;

fhkpdp jprehaf;fh

Aj;jjpy; Nkw;nfhz;L Kd;Ndw topapy;yhjNghJ rkhjhdj; jpw;fhd #oy; gpwf;fpwJ> vd;gJ xU tpQ;QhdG+h;t fUJNfhs;. vdNt Kuz;gl;l jug;Gf;fisr; rkhjhdj;jpw;Ff; nfhz;Ltu tpUk;gpd; jug;Gf;fis Nkw;nfhz;L Aj;jj;jpy; Kd;Ndw topapy;yhjthW jilfisg; NghLtJ> mOj;jj;ij gpuNahfpg;gJ> mth;fspd; ts khh;f;fq;fis (LOGISTIC SUPPORT) Klf;FtJ vd gy topKiwfSk; ifahsg;gl;Lr; rh;tNjr r%fj;jhy; xU nraw;ifahd Gwepiy gilf;fg;gLtJ rh;tNjr rkhjhd murpaypy; toik. jug;Gf;fs; Aj;jj;jpy; Kd;Ndw ghijapy;yhjNghJ rkhjhdj;jpw;fhd Gwepiy gpwf;fpwJ. ,e;j tpQ;QhdG+h;t Kbit ehq;fs; kWjiyahfTk; gpuNahfpf;fyhk;. gpuNahfpf;fTk; Ntz;Lk;. mg;gbg; gpuNahfpj;jhy; mJ ,g;gbtUk;. jug;Gf;fs; rkhjhdj;jpy; Kd;Ndwg; ghijapy;yhJ Nghdhy; mJ Aj;jj;jpw;fhd Gwepiyiag; gpwg;gpf;Fk; vd;W. ,j;jifa xU jh;f;fj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; epd;W ,d Kuz;ghl;il xU ntl;L Kfkhf Nehf;fyhk;. mjw;F ,j;jPtpy; jkpoh;fs; jq;fs; chpikf;Nfhhpf;iffis Kd;itj;j murpay; Nghf;if ehk; ftdpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

K.jpUehTf;fuR jdJ rk];bah jdpehlh vd;fpd;w jdJ E}ypy; ,g;gb vOJfpd;whh; 1936 njhlf;fk; 1956 tiu nghd;dk;gyj;ijj; jiyikj;Jtkhff; nfhz;l jkpopd murpaypy; rpwpyq;fh murhq;fj;ij Nehf;fp chpikfisf; Nfl;L tpz;zg; gq;fis Kd;itj;j> tpthjq;fis elj;jpa fhykhFk;. gpd;dh; 1956 njhlf;fk; 1976tiu

khrp - gq;Fdp> 2006

F.gpuGj;jpud;

rdtupapy; ,lk;ngw;w gLnfhiy xd;wpy; jkpo; ,isQh;fspd; rlyq;fs;

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Vtptplg;gl;l Aj;jk; ,Wjpapy; re;jpj;j Njhy;tpAk; mjdhy; ehl;by; Vw;gl;l neUf;fbAk; ,Wjpahff; fl;Lehaf;f tpkhdj;jsk; kPJ Gypfs; Nkw;nfhz;l jhf;FjYkhf murhq;fj;jpw;F Aj;jj;jpy; Nkw;nfhz;L Kd;Ndw Kbahj Gwepiyia cUthf;fpaJ vd;gJ ntspg;gil.

Mdhy;> fhkpdpapd;; jh;f;fj;jpd; gz;Gf;F Neh; vjph;

gypahfptplf;$lhnjd;w Gypfspd; xOf;fg; gz;gpdhy;jhd; KbfpwJ. vdNt rpq;fsj; jiyth;fshy; rpq;fs kf;fSf;F mopitg; ngw;Wj;ju KbANk jtpu tpNkh~dj;ij my;y. fhkpdpapd; mgj;jkhd jh;f;fj;NjhL jkpoh;fs; vy;yhj; njhpitAk; iftpl;L kdg;G+h;tkhf KO mstpyhd Aj;jj;jpw;Fg; Nghdhh;fs; vd;why;; fl;Lehaf;fhj; jhf;Fjypd; gpd; rpq;fs kf;fs; kdg;G+h;tkhfr; rkhjhdj;jpw;F te;jhh;fs;.

Mdhy; ,g;NghJ rkhjhdj;jpy; jkpoh;fs; Kd;Ndwf;$ba vy;yhg; ghijfisAk; milj;;jijtpl rpq;fsj; jiyth;fs; rkhjhd muq;fpy; nra;jJ vJTk; ,y;iy. rkhjhdj;jpy; Nkw;nfhz;L Kd;Ndw GypfSf;Fg; ghij ,Uf;fpwjh vd;w Nfs;tpiaj; jkpoh;fSf;Fs; rpq;fsj; jiyth;fs; vOg;gptpl;lhh;fs;. ,g;NghJ ,q;Nf ehk; kpfg; nghpa Nfs;tpNahL kjpg;gha;T nra;ayhk;. elf;Fk; rkhjhdg; Ngr;rpy; rpq;fsj; jiyth;fs; vd;d nra;Jnfhz;bUf;fpwhh;fs; vd;gijAk; Nkirapy; GypfSf;F vij tpl;Litj;jpUf;fpwhh;fs; vd;gijAk;. gpuptpidiag; gw;wpg; Gypfs; Ngrf;$lhJ. ,ilf;fhy mjpfhurig gw;wp?... ck;$k;. rhp Rdhkpf;fhd nghJf;fl;likg;Gg; gw;wp...?. k;k;. gpbf;ftpy;iy Ntz;lhk;. mg;Ngh... Aj;j epWj;j xg;ge;jj;ij mKw;gLj;JtJ gw;wpahtJ...? ck;$k;... Ntz;lNt Ntz;lhk; mg;Ngh> rpq;fsj; jiyth;fSf;Fg; Gypfsplk; ,Ue;J vd;d Ntz;Lkhk;.

07

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mYtyfq;fspd; vz;zpf;if vOgj;jp nal;L (78). Mdhy; ,t;tYtyfq;fspy; gzpahw; W k; rpWth; eyd; N gZk; gapw;wg;gl;l mjpfhhpfs; vz;zpf;if gjpdhW (16) khj;jpuNk. mj;NjhL ,g; gzpkidfSf;F muR xJf;fpAs;s epjp kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. Nghjhikia <Lnra;tjw;fhf rpWth; ghJfhg;G epjpak;> Adpnrg; Nghd;w epWtdq;fs; toq;Fk; epjp cjtpia ek;gpapUf;f Ntz;bAs; sJ. Njrpa rpWth; Mz;lhf 2006Mk; Mz; L gpufldg; g Lj; j g; gl; L s; s J. ,g;gpufldk; rh;tNjrj;jpw;Fk; nry;Y gbahdJ. GypfSila fl;Lg;ghl;Lg; gFjpapy; ,g;gpufldk; fUj;jpy; vLf;fg; gl;Ls;sJ. mz;ikapy; jpUNfhzkiy efhpy; ele;j rpWth;eyd; njhlh;ghd fUj;juq;fpy; fye;Jnfhz;l rpwpyq;fh rpWth; ghJfhg;G epjpag; gpujpepjp wpr;rhh;l; kt;th; (RICHARD MAWER, COUNTRY

whh;fs;. ,g;gpur;rhug; ghuk;ghpaj;ijj; njhlq; fpath; rpwpyq;fh tpd; Kd;dhs; ntsptptfhu mikr;rh; fjph;fhkuhthh;. vkJ rpWth;fs; kPJ fhprid fhl;Ltjhfg; ghrhq;F nra;Ak; rpq;fsj; jiyth;fs; jkJ gFjpr; rpWth; fspd; Nftyepiy Fwpj;Jf; ftiyg; gLtjhfj; njhpatpy;iy. flNyhug; gFjpfspYk; cy; y hrg; gazpfs; tpLjpfspYk; rpWth; f s; tpgr; r huk; mNkhfkhf eilngWfpwJ. ,jpy; gpugy nfhOk; G murpay; thjpfSf; F k; gq;Fz;L. mNjNghy; ngUksT %tpdr; rpWth; f s; njw; f py; capuhgj; i j tpistpf; F k; njhopy; f spy; <LgL fpd;wdh;. kiyafr; rpWth;fSk; kpff; Fiwe;j Cjpaj;jpw;Fj; njhopyhw;W fpd;wdh;. ,th;fSila fy;tp kw;Wk; kUj;Jt trjpfs; gw;wp ahUk; ftiyg; gl;ljhfj; njhpatpy;iy. fpl;lj;jl;l nfhj;jbikfshf kiyafr; rpWth;fs; elj;jg;gLtij kdpj chpik Mh;tyh; fs; fz;Ls;sdh;.

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PROG -RAMME DIRECTOR, SAVE THE CHILDREN FUND) mur fl;Lg;ghl;Lg;

gFjpfspy; epyTk; rpWth; eyd;NgZk; FiwghL fisr; Rl;bf;fhl;bdhh;.

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08

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khrp - gq;Fdp> 2006

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;gl;ljhy;> mjD}lhfr; rpWth; fis FLk;gj;jpdhplk; Nrh;g; gpf;Fk; eilKiwia vy;.hp.hp.< nkhj;jk; 165 9577 nraw;gLj;jj; njhlq; fpaJ. ,jdbg; g ilapy; 2003Mk; tTdpahtpYk; (51%) epyTtijAk; Mz;L tiu vy;.hp.hp.<apdhy; mtuth; cyftq;fp mwpf;if ep&gpf;fpd;wJ. FLk;gj;jpduplk; Nrh;g;gpf;fg;gl;l taJ Nkw;$wpa Rl;L tpfpjq;fs; midj;Jk; Fiwe;j rpWth;fspd; vz;zpf;if 800. rpWth; rpWkpah;fs; gw;wpajhFk;. ,t; mNjNghy; 2003Mk; Mz; b w; F g; g pd; twpf;ifapy; Ky;iyj;jPT> fpspnehr;rp FLk;gj;jpdhplk; Nrh;g;gpf;fg;gl;Nlhhpd; gw; w pa Ma; T KbTfs; ntspaplg; vz;zpf;if 553. 2003Mk; Mz;bw;Fg;gpd; gltpy;iy. Mdhy; gpd;tUk; khtl;lq; jpUg;gp mDg;gg;gl;Nlhh; gw;wpa Gs;sp fspd; Ngh~hf;fpd;ik tpfpjk; mjpY tpguq;fspy; ,Ue;J ngwg;gl;l fPo;f; s;sd. jpUNfhzkiy (45%)> kd;dhh; fhZk; juit ,jpy; jUfpNwhk;.

(28%)> mk;ghiw (44%)> aho;g;ghzk; (01) jpUg;gp mDg;gg; gLKd; vy;.hp.hp.<apy; (43%).

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khrp - gq;Fdp> 2006

toq;FfpwJ. taJ Fiwe;Njhh; ngUk;ghYk; ngw;Nwhh;> ghJfhtyiu ,oe;jth;fshfTk; r%fj; jhy; iftp lg;gl;lth;f shfTk; ,Uf; f pd; w dh; vd; g J kWf; f Kbahj cz;ik. rpwpyq;fh MAjg; gilapdhpd; jkpo;r; rpWth; fSf;F vjpuhd td;Kiw fSk; > gLnfhiyfSk; njhlh; e ; j tz; z k; cs; sd. MAjg; gilapdUk; mth; f NshL ,ize; J nraw;gLk; MAjf;FOf; fSk; taJ NtWghbd;wp Ml;fl j;jypy; <LgLfp d;wdh;. ,jw;fhf ,yf;fj; jflw;w nts;isepw Nkhl; lhh; thfdq;fis ,th;fs; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdh;. jkpo;r; rpWth;fs; kj;jpapy; Fwpg; ghf gs;spf;Fr; nry;Yk; rpWth; rpWkpfs; kj;jpapy; mr;r czh;Tk; ghJfhg; gpd;ikAk; epyTfpd;wJ. Ml; f lj; j Yf; F cl; g LtjpYk; ghh;ff ; vy;.hp.hp.< aplk; jQ;rkil tJ Nky; vd;w fUj;J rpWth;fs; kj;jpapy; gutyhff; fhzg;gLfpwJ. rpwpyq;fh MAjg;gilapdupd; jkpoPor; rpWth;f Sf;F vjpuhd mz;ikf;fhy td;Kiwr; rk;gtq;fs; rpytw;iw ,q;F jUfpd; Nwhk;.

Ngrhiy> kd;dhhpYs;s E}W tPl;Lj;jpl;lj;jpDs; Eioe;j rpwpyq;fh flw;gilapdh; bnrk;gh; 23> 2005Mk; ehs; elj;jpa jhf;Fjypy; xU jkpo;f; FLk;gk; Kw;whf mopf;fg;gl;lJ. ,jpy; 3 tajp duhd byf;rd; vd;w Mz; rpWtd; nfhy; y g; g l; l hd; . rk; g t ,lj; i jg; ghh; i tapl; l kd; d hh; mur mjpgh; vhpAz; l tP l ; b w; F s; xU rpWtdpd; ifia khj;jpuk; fz;ljhfr; rhl;rpak; toq;fpAs;shh;. Ie;J ehl;fSf;Fg; gpd; bnrk;gh; 28> 2005Mk; ehsd;W nfhb fhkk; > njd; k uhl; r piar; Nrh; e ; j 15 tajpduhd jk;gpuh[h mUshde;jd; vd; w ,isQh; jdJ FLk; g j; j pdh; Kd;dpiyapy; rpwpyq;fh MAjg; gil apduhy; Rl;Lf;nfhy;yg;gl;lhh;. nfhiyr; rk;gtj;jpw;FKd; rpy thuq;fshf ,f; FLk;gj;jpdh; rpwpyq; f h MAjg; g il apduhYk; mth;fNshL Nrh;e;jpaq;Fk; <.gp.b.gp MAjf;FOtpduhYk; njhlh;r; rpahf kpul;lg;gl;Lte;Js;sdh;. ,Jgw;wpa tphpthd mwpf;ifia tlf;Ff; fpof;F kdpj chpikr; nrayfk; ntspapl; Ls;sJ. [dthp 16> 2006Mk; ehsd;W mf;fiug;gw;W kl;lf;fsg;G nghyp];

epiyaj;jpw;Fg; gpd;Gwkhfr; nry;Yk; tPjpapy; itj;J 16tajpduhd Nfhghy fpU~;zd; RNu~; vd;w Nkrd; njhop yhsp MAjg;gilapduhy; Rl;Lf;nfhy; yg; g l; L s; s hh; . ,th; xU vy; . hp.hp.< mDjhgp vd;W Fw;wQ;rhl;lg;gLfpwJ. rpwpyq;fh MAjg;gilapduhYk; MAjf; FOtpduhYk; gy rpWth;fs; ,f;fhyg; gFjpapy; #l;Lf;fhaq;fSf;F cl;gLj; jg;gl;Ls;sdh;. mtw;wpy; xUrpy rk;gt tpguq;fisj; jUfpd;Nwhk;. bnrk;gh; 07>

2005Mk; ehs; Nahfuhrh NahNf];thp (24)> Jiuuhrh tjdp(18) vd;w ,U rNfh jhpfs; MAjjhhpfshy; tPLGFe;J Rl;Lf; nfhy;yg;gl;ldh;. Nahfuhrh NahNf];thp apd; ,uz;LtaJf; Foe;ij gLfhak; mile;jJ. tTdpahtpy; nraw;gLk; ,uhZ tj;jpw;F cjTk; Jizg;gilapdhpd; fpuNdw; tPr;Rj; jhf;Fjypy; rNfhjuh; fshd jkpo;r;nry;td; (13)> RNu[h (14) MfpNahh; gLfhakile;jdh;. gilapdh; kP J ,de; n jhpahjth; f s; jhf; F jy; elj;Jk;NghJ mg;ghtpfs; kPJ Jtf;Fr; #L elj;Jk; eilKiwia MAjg;gil apdUk; MAjf;FOf;fSk; nraw;gLj;J fpd;wd. ,jdhy; nghJkf;fs; njUf;f spYk; nghJ ,lq;fspYk; elkhl mQ;R fpd;wdh;. ,t;thW #l;Lf;F ,yf;fhfp ath;fshy; Rl;lth;fis milahsk; fhz ,aytpy;iy. jhf;Fjy; elj;J Nthh; fWg;Gj;Jzpfshy; Kfj;ijr; Rw;wpf; fl;bapUg;gJ milahsk; fhz;g ijj; jLf;fpd;wJ. aho;.ePjpkd;wk; fWg;Gj; Jzpahy; Kfj;ij %bagb cyht Ntz;lhk; vd;W fl;lisapl;l gpd;Gk; gilapdh; ,e;j toikia ,Jtiu iftpltpy;iy. rh;tNjr rptpy; kw;Wk; murpay; chpikr;rl;lk;> ngz;fSf;F vjpuhd ghF ghLfis ePf;Ftjw;fhd rl;lk;> rpWth;fs; chpikr;rl;lk; vd;gdtw;iw rpwpyq; f h muR mq; f P f hpj; J s; s J. (INTERNATIO -NAL COVENANT ON CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS, CONVENTION ON THE ELIMINATION OF DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN, CONVENTION OF THE CHILD) ,k; % d; W

rh;tNjr rl;lq;fSf;F mikthf rpwpyq; fhtpd; Fw;wtpay; rl;lk; 1995Mk; Mz;b y; jpUj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. 18 tajpw;Ff; Fiwe; j th; f is rpWth; fs; vd; W ,j;jpUj;jk; tiuaiw nra;fpd; wJ. ,th;fSf;Fj; jPq;F tpistpg; gth;fs; my;yJ Jd;GWj;Jgth;fSf;F rpiwj; jz; l iz toq; F tjw; F Nkw; $ wpa rl;lj;jpUj;jk; tif nra;fpd; wJ. rpWth;fisg; gilapy; Nrh;f;fpwhh; fs; vd;W Fw;wQ; Rkj;Jk; rpwpyq;fh muR jhd; ,aw; w pa rl; l j; i jr; rhptu epiwNtw;Wfpwjh vd;w Nfs;tp vOfpd; wJ. mz;ikf;fhykhf Gj;j tpfhiu fspy; \mgpj;jahf;fs;| vd;W miof;f g;gLk; kpfTk; taJ Fiwe;j Mz; rpWth;fs; kjf; fy;tpf;fhfr; Nrh;ff ; g;gLk; Kiwik gw;wpa Nfs;tpfs; vOe;Js;sd. ,th; f s; Mz; f s; khj; j puk; thOk; tpfhiufspy; ghJfhg;ghf tho;fpd;whh ;fsh> rl;lj;jpd; Kd;dpiyapy; ,r ;rpWth;fspd; me;j];J vd;d? Nghd;w tpdhf;fSf;F tpil fpilf;ftpy;iy. ghypaYwTf;Fr; rk;kjpf;f kWj;jnthU mgpj;jah rpWtid xU gpf;F jhf;fpg; gLfhak; tpistpj;j nra;jp nrd;wthuk;

nfhOk;Gj; jpdrhpfspy; gpuRukhfpaJ. ,r; r pWth; f is Gj; j kjgP l k; jj; J vLg;gjhf thjpLNthh; jpUkzkhfhj Mz;fs; rpwpyq;fh rl;lj;jpd;fPo; jj;J vLg;gjw;Fj; jFjp mw;wth;fs; vd;gij kWj; J tpLfpwhh; f s; . mj; N jhL Gj; j tpfhiu xU rpWth; guhkupg;G ,y;yKk; my;y. vy;.hp.hp.< kPJ jhf;Fjy; njhLf;Fk; muR jdJ cs; tPl;L tptfhuj;ij Kjw;fz; rPuhf;f Ntz;Lk;.

09

k

dpjd; xU r%fg;gpuhzp. Njrpak; r%fk; tho;tpy; xU gpujhd fl;likg;Gk; xU gpujhd tho;epiy tbtKkhFk;. tho;epiy Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;F Njrpa murpay;> Njrpa fyhr;rhuk; Njrpa rpe;jid vd;gd gpujhd mk;rq;fshFk;. kdpjdpd; FOepiyf; fyhr;rhu FWtl;l kdg;ghq;fpw;Fg; gjpyhf gue;j Njrpa fyhr;rhuj;ijAk; Njrpa kdg;ghq;ifAk; fl;b vOg;GtJ Njrpathjj;jpd; jiyahf nghWg;Gf;fSs; xd;whFk;. jkpoPoj; NjrpakhdJ xNu Ntisapy; Kg;gupkhdq;fisf; fUj;jpy; vLf;fNtz;bajha; cs;sJ. xd;W mfuPjpahd mu;j;jj;jpy; jkpoPo kf;fSf;F cs;Nsahd Njrpa tsu;r;rp vd;gJ; ,uz;lhtjhf jkpoPo kf;fs; Neubahfg; nghUJk; rpq;fs Nkyhjpf;fj;jpw;F vjpuhdJk;> Rahjpgj;jpaj;jpw;Fkhd epiy vd;gJ; %d;whtjhf ru;tNjr rf;jpfis vjpu;nfhs;tJ vd;gJ. ,jpy; Neub vjpupahd rpq;fs ,dthj rf;jpfs; jdpj;J epd;W nraw;glhJ mtu;fs; ntspehl;Lr; rf;jpfisAk; jk;kplk; xUq;Nf mutizj;Jf; nfhs; fpd;wdu;. muR vDk; xU gyj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp rpq;fs ,dthj Ml;rpahsu; ntspehl;Lr; rf;jpfis ,yFthfj; jk;gf;fk; tisj;J tUfpd;wdu;. jkpoPoj; Njrpag; Nghuhl;lkhdJ [dehafj;jpw;Fk; ePjpf;Fkhd Nghuhl;lkhf cs;sJ. Mdhy; ,jpy; rk;ge;jg;gLk; gy;NtW cs;ehl;L> ntspehl;Lr; rf;jpfSk; mjidj; jj;jkJ eyd;fSf;Nfw;gNt ifahz;Lk; mZfpAk; tUfpd;wd. ,yq;ifapd; cs;ehl;L> ntspehl;L murpaw; #oypy; jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lNk ngupJk; Kw;Nghf;fhdJ. ,d;iwa epiyapy; jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lkhdJ xUGwk; jdJ Neub vjpupahd rpq;fs ,dthjj;ijAk; mjd; ntspehl;L uPjpahd $l;lhspfisAk; vjpu;nfhs;s Ntz;bajha; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. kWGwk; mJ mfuPjpahd Njrpa gfpu;khzpg;ig> Njrpa kdg;ghq;if> Njrpa rpe;jidia tsu;j;njLf;f Ntz;bajha; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ,lJrhupfNsh> md;wp tyJrhupfNsh rpq;fs ,dthjpfs; midtUk; ,lJ> tyJ vd;gjw;fg;ghy; Kjypy; ,dthjpfNsahth;. ,j;jifa ,dthjpfs; vj;jifa ntspehl;Lr; rf;jpfSlDk; mg;gl;lkhfr; Nrhuk; NghtJ ,ay;G. ,jw;fhf Nkw;gb ,r;rf;jpfisAk; jkpoPoj; Njrpak; xNukhjphp mZfNtz;Lnkd;wpy;iy. ru;tNjr r%fj;jpd; ed;kjpg;igg; ngwNtz;baJ jkpoPoj; Njrpaj;jpw;F mtrpak; vd;gjhy; gue;j ru;tNjr r%fj;jpd; ed;kjpg;igg; ngwty;y topKiwfisj; jkpoPoj; Njrpak; mjpfk; eilKiwr; rhj;jpakhd nghWg;Gzu;Tld; NjlNtz;bAs;sJ. ,g;NghJ eilKiwapy; ru;tNjr r%fj;jpd;ghy; jkpoPog; Nghuhl;lkhdJ mjpf nghWg;Gzu;itf; fhl;btUfpd;wJ. mNjNtis rpq;fs ,dthjj;jpd; gf;fKs;s Aj;j tpUk;gpfs;> ,uhZt rpe;jidahsu;fs; Aj;jj;ijj; J}z;Lk; tifapy; nraw;gl;LtUfpd;wdu;. ,g;NghJ fhzg;gLk; ru;tNjr epytuj;jpd; fPo; Aj;jnkhd;W ntbf;Fkhapd; mjidg; “gaq;futhjk;” vd;W

10

Kj;jpiu Fj;jptplyhk; vd;w ek;gpf;ifapd; Ngupy; rpq;fs ,dthjpfs; Aj;jj;ijj; J}z;b tUfpd;wdu;. ,tu;fs; tpLjiyg; Gypfis tYr;rz;ilf;F miof;fpd;wdu;. mtu;fs; ru;tNjr r%fj;ij Vkhw;wp ,dthjg; gLnfhiyfis muq;Nfw;w tpUk;Gfpd;wdu;.

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rhuzd; mjhtJ N[.tp.gp ,uhZtkhf khw;wpf;nfhs;sTk; Aj;jj;ij xU fUtpahf N[.tp.gp gad;gLj;j tpUk;Gfpd;wJ. ru;tNjr r%fk; ,j;jifa R+o;r;rpf;F cle;ijahfptplf;$lhJ vd;gNj ,g;Nghija NjitahFk;. rpq;fs Ml;rpahsh;fSk;> rpq;fsf; fl;rpfSk; mit vitNaahapDk; ntspehLfis xLf;FKiwf;Fg; gad;gLj;jj;jhd; Kidg;Gf; fhl;LtpdNt jtpu> gpur;rpidiaj; jPu;f;f Kay khl;lh. ,e;epiyapy; uh[gf;\ murhq;fk; jPu;itg; gw;wpf; fz;Jilg;ghff; fijj;jhYk; nraypy; ,uhZt xLf;FKiwNa mtuJk; jpl;lkhFk;. mLj;J ,uhZtj;ij vLj;Jf;nfhz;lhy; mJ 100 tPjk; rpq;fs ,uhZtkhFk;. mj;Jld; mJ KO mstpy; ,dthj rpe;jid Cl;lg;gl;l ,uhZtkhFk;. NkYk; ePz;lfhykhf Aj;jj;jpd;

eyd;fis mDgtpj;J ngUr;rhspfshd xU ,uhZt cah;Fohk; tsu;e;jpUf;fpd;wJ. mj;jifa ngUr;rhspfs; jkJ eyd;fSf;fhf Aj;jj;ijj; J}z;btUfpd;wdh;. ,j;jifa epiyapy; rpq;fs ,dthjkhdJ Kw;wpYk; Aj;jKfk; nfhz;L fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. Nkw;gb ,j;jifa cs;ehl;L ntspehl;Lr; rthy;fis vy;yhk; vjpu;nfhz;L jkpoPoj; NjrpakhdJ jdJ mftopj; Njrpa epu;khzpg;gpYk; <LglNtz;bAs;sJ. Njrpa r%f eph;khznkd;gJ Kjyhspj;Jt r%f nghUshjhu tsu;r;rpAld; Njhd;wpaJ. Mdhy; ,yq;ifj;jPtpy; rpq;fstu; kj;jpapYk;> jkpou; kj;jpapYk; mg;gb xU Njrpa Kjyhspj; Jt tu;f;fkpy;iy. rpq;fs ,dthjg; ngUe;Njrpaj;jpw;F rpq;fs th;j;jfFohKk; kj;jpaju tu;f;fj;jpdUk; jiyik jhq;fpdu;. jkpo;j; Njrpaj;ijg; nghWj;jtiu jiyik jhq;ff;$ba tpopg;G epiyapy; jkpo; kj;jpaju tu;f;fNk ,Ue;jJ. Mdhy; me;j kj;jpaju tu;f;fKk; Jujp\;ltrkhf murhq;f cj;jpNahfj;ijr; rhh;e;j tu;f;fkhf ,Ue;jjhy; mt; tu;f;fkhdJ ntspg; gilahfj; jkpo;j;Njrpa mgpyhirfisf; ifapy; vLf;fj; jaq;fpaJ. mtw;iwnay;yhk; $l ,l;L epug;gNtz;ba gzp jw;Nghija jiy Kiwapd;; ifapy; cs;sJ. jkpoPog; Nghuhl;l khdJ kj;jpaju tu;f; fj;ij mjd; kjpy;Nkw; G+id epiyapypUe;J ,Oj;J jkpoPog; Nghuhl;lj;jpd; gf;fk; nfhz;Lte;J tpl;lJ. ,J Njrpaj;jpw;F mfuPjpahff; fpl;ba xU ey;y ntw;wpahFk; mNjNtis ,dnthopg;G ,uhZt eltbf;ifapd; tpisthy; nkhj;jk; xU kpy;ypad;tiuahd jkpo;kf;fs; jPT fle;J ntspehLfspy; tho;fpd;wdu;. ,tu;fs; ,g;NghJ rpq;fs mur gpbf;fg;ghyhd xU kj;jpajuth;f;fj;jpdhuha; khwpAs;sjhy; ,t;thW ntspehLfspy; thOk; ,j;jkpo; kj;jpa jutu;f; fj;jpduJ MjuTk; mDruidAk; jkpo;j; Njrpa tsu;r;rpf;F Neub nek;GNfhyhAs;sd. jhk; thOk; gy;NtW Njrq;fspy; ,Ue;Jk; mtu;fs; vOg;Gk; Fuy;fs;> Nghuhl;lj;jpw;F mspf;Fk; MjuT vd;gd jkpoPoj; Njrpa tsu;r;rpf;fhd mj;jpahtrpa epge;jidfSs; xd;wha; khwpAs;sJ. ,e;epiyapy; jw;NghJ cs;Sk; GwKk; jkpoPoj; Njrpa kdg;ghq;ifAk; Njrpa rpe;jidiaAk; Njrpa mgpyhirfisAk; tsu;j;njLf;f Ntz;ba gzp Kjd;ik ngw;Ws;sJ. 21Mk; E}w;whz;Lf;Fupa cyfshtpa cs;ehl;L tsu;r;rpepyikf;Nfw;g jkpoPoj; Njrpaj;ijg; GJnkUFld; tsu;j;njLf;f Ntz;ba gzp ,g;NghJ cs;ehl;L ntspehl;L uPjpapy; gue;JthOk; midj;J jkpoPok; gw;wpa ey;nyz; zq;nfhz;ltu;fspd; fuq;fspYKs;sJ. rpwpa ,dk; Mdhy; ngupa jpahfq;fSld; jdJ caupa mgpyhirfisf; ifapy; Ve;jp epw;fpd;wJ. jkpoPoj;ijj; jtpu NtWtopfspy; mtu;fSf;F tho;tpy;iy vd;Nw tuyhw;W mDgtk; nrhy;Yfpd;wJ.

khrp - gq;Fdp> 2006

- nrd;w ,jopd; njhlh;r;rp -

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khrp - gq;Fdp> 2006

jw; f hypfkhfthtJ jzpar; nra;tjw;F xg;ge;jq;fis xU fUtpahfr; rpq;fsj; jiyth; fs; gad;gLj;Jfpd;whh;fs;. 1919 xg;ge;jq;fspypUe;J njhlq;fp kNfe;jpuh xg;ge;jk;> gz;lh nry; t h xg; g e; j k; > ll; y p nry;th xg;ge;jk;> ,yq;if ,e;jpa xg;ge;jk;> Ghpe;Jzh;T xg;ge;jk; vd ,it vJTNk ,jw;F tpjptpyf;fhf ,y;iy mur mjpfhuf; fl;likg; gpy; rpq;fs milahsq;fisj; Njrpaf;nfhb %yk; cUthf; fpr; rpqf ; sf; FbNaw;wq;fs; %yk; jkpoh;fs; xU Njrkhf tho; tijr; rpijj;J> mur ,ae; jpuj;ij KOikahfr; rpq;fs kakhf;Fk; tifapy; jdpr;rpq; fsr; rl;lj;jpidf; nfhz;L te;j NghJ jkpoh;fspd; vjph;g; Gf; Fuy;fSk; kf;fs; ,ize;j Nghuhl;lq;fshf tsuj;njhlq; fpd. fhypKfj;jply; rj;jpahf; fpufg; Nghuhl;lk;> jpUkiy ahj;jpiu vd vjpu;g ; G ; f; Fuy;fs;

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fis> mur mjpfhuf; fl;likg; gpy; kWjypg;gjhfNt ,Ue;jJ. jw;Nghija rdhjpgjp kfpe;j uhrg~;ritg; Nghy Njh;jy; ntw;wpf;fhf vijANk nra;aj; jahuhf ,Ue;jhh;. Njh;jypy; ntd;wgpd; cj;juthjq;fis xt;nthd;whf epiwNtw;w Ntz; ba fl;lhak; Vw;gl;lJ. jdpr; rpq;fsr; rl;lj;jpid epiwNtw;wp dh;. mJNt jkpo; Njrj;ij cRg;gptpl;lJ. jkpo; kf;fs; tPuh Ntrj;Jld; vjph;;g;Gf; Fuiyf; fhl; l j; n jhlq; f Nt Kd; d h; $wpaJ Nghy vjph;gG ; f; Fuiyj; jzpf;Fk; tifapy; xg;ge;jj; jpw;F te;jhh;. cz;ikapy; gpujkh; gz;lhu ehaf;fh xg;ge;jj;jpw;F te;jhNu jtpu rpq;fs Njrk; xg;ge;jj; jpw;F tutpy;iy. mt;thW tU tjw;fhd jahhpg;G Ntiyfs; vtw;iwAk; rpq;fsj; jiyth; fs; nra;atpy;iy. nra;Ak; epiyAk; vtUf; F k; ,Uf; f tpy;iy. ,e;j ,lj;jpy;jhd; rpq;fs r%f cUthf;fk; gw;wpa njsp

rpq;fs milahsq;fSf;fhff; Fuy; nfhLj;j mNjNtis rk]; bf;Nfhhpf;ifia Kd;itj;J ,yq;ifapd; gd;ikj;jd;ikf; fhfTk; Fuy; nfhLj;jhh;. mur eph;thf tplaj;jpy; ,U nkhopf; nfhs; i fapidAk; Vw; W f; nfhz;lhh;.

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tpid mwpe;Jnfhs;tJ mtrpa khdJ. rpq;fs r%f cUthf;fk; vd;gJ rpq;fs ngsj;j fUj;J epiyfshy; fl;bnaOg;gg;gl;l r%f cUthf; f khFk; . ,J ntWk; murpaNyhL kl; L k; ,ize;jjhf ,Uf;ftpy;iy. tuyhW> kjk; IjPfq;fs; vd;g

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dh; Ik;ngUk; rj;jpahtw;iwAk; cRg;gptpl;lhh;. ,t; Ik;ngUk; rf;jpfSk; gz;lhuehaf;fhit Ml;rpapy; mkh;jj ; paJ. rpq;fs muRUthf; fj; j pw; f hd nraw; g hLfis xd;wd;gpd; xd;whf efh;jJ ; thh; vd vjphg ; hh;jj ; J. gz;lhuehaf;fh jdpr; rpqf ; sr; rl;lk; vd;w xd;iw efh;j;jpdhh;. jkpo;j;Njrk; tPW nfhz;lJ. murpd; ,Ug;G Ml;lk; fz;lJ. xg;ge;jj;jpw;F te;jhh;.

?P¦ ÑÎ xg;ge;jj;jpw;F te;j gz; lhuehaf;fhTf;Fj; jhd; cRg; gptpl;l rpq;fs NjrNk jd;id vjph;ff ; pd;wNghJ vJTk; nra;a Kbatpy;iy. fl;rpf;Fs;NsNa vjph;gG ; f;fs; te;jd. mth; cRg;gp tpl;l ngsj;j FUkhh;fs; gz; lhuehaf;fhtpd; tPl;bw;F Kd; dhy; cz;zhtpujk; ,Ue;jdh;. ,e;j vjph;g;Gr; nraw;ghLfis murpay; mWtilahf;f tpUk;gp N[.Mh; . n[ath; j ; j dh xg; g e; jj;ij vjph;j;Jf; fz;bahj; jpiu nrd;whh;. gz;lhuehaf;fh tpd; mikr;rh;fs; rpyh; cz;zh tpujpfNshL $l;Lr;Nrh;eJ ; vjphg ; G ; eltbf; i ffspy; <Lgl; l dh; . ,Wjpapy; cz;zhtpujk; ,Ue;j gpf;FfSf;F Kd;dhNyNa xg; ge;jj;jpidf; fpopj;njwpe;jhh; gz; l huehaf; f h. tuyhw; w py; kPzL ; k; xU jlit jkpoh;Njrk; Vkhw;wg;gl;lJ. jd;kPJ ghAk; rpq;fs ,d thjpfisj; jpUg;jpg;gLj;jg; gz; lhuehaf;fh kPz;Lk; rpq;fs milahsg; g Lj; j ypy; ,wq; fpdhh;. thfdq;fspy; nghwpf;fg; gl;l Mq;fpy vOj;Jf;fSf;Fg; gjpyhfr; rpq;fs rpwp vOj; jpidf; nfhz;Lte;jhh;. jkpou Rf;fl;rp rpq;fs rpwp vjpu;g;Gg; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; Fjpj;jJ. tl fpof;fpw;F te;j mur NgUe;J fspy; rpq;fsr; rpwp nghUj;jg; gl;lJ. jdpahh; thfdq;fSf;Fj; jkpo; ,isQh;fs; jkpo;r; rpwp nghwpj;j jfLfisg; nghUj;jp dh;. aho;g;ghzj;jpy; jkpo;g; ngz;fs; rpq;fsr; rpwp nghwpj;j NgUe;JfSf;F Kd;dhy; gLj; Jr; rj;jpahf;fpufk; nra;jdh;. muR gyiuf; ifJ nra;J rpiwapy; milj;jJ.

jkpo;j; Njrj;jpd; Nghuhl;lq;fs; njhlh;eJ ; k; tYtile;jd. muR mjid mlf;Ftjw;Ff; $l;Lj;jz;lid nfhLf;f Kd; t e; j J. mJjhd; 1958Mk; Mz; L ,df; f ytuk; . mjid ,df;fytuk; vdf;$WtJ nghUj;jkhdjy;y. ,d mopg;G vdf;$W tNj nghUj;jkhdJ. rpq;fs Njrk; jkpo; kf;fspd; murpay; mgpyhirf; Nfhhpf;ifia mlf;Ftjw;fhf toq;fg;gl;l KjyhtJ $l;Lj;jz;lid ,J. tw;NwhL ,ize;j xd;whf ,Uf; fpd;wJ. rpq;fs murpay;thjpfs; nra;jnjy;yhk; ,f;fUj;J epiy fl; F Nky; Fe; j pf; n fhz; l J jhd;. ,f;fUj;J epiyfspd;gb ,yq;if vd;gJ rpq;fs kf; fSf;F kl;Lk; nrhe;jkhdJ. Vidath;fs; Ntz;Lkhdhy; tho;eJ ; tpl;Lg; Nghfyhk; Mdhy; nrhe;jk; nfhz;lhl KbahJ. gz;lhuehaf;fhtpd; Muk;g fhyf; fUj;Jf;fs; ,jw;Fkhwhf ,Ue;jd. mth; ,yq;ifapd; gd;ikj; jd;ikapid Muk;g fhyq;fspy; Vw;Wf;nfhz;lhh;. me; j g; gd; i kj; j d; i kf; F s; rpq;fs Njrj;jpd; milahsq; fisg; NgZtjhf mtuJ fUj; Jf; f Sk; eltbf; i ffSk; mike;jd. ,jdhy; jhd; rpq; fs kfhrigapid cUthf;fp

thf;fk; Vw;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gjpy; mth;fs; mtruk; fhl;bdh;.

If;fpa Njrpaf; fl;rpf;F ,e;jg; Nghf;F tpidahfpapUe; jhYk; Njrpaf;nfhbf;F Vw;gl;l vjph;gG ; f;fs; fhuzkhfTk;> jdJ jkpo; thf;Ftq;fp gwpNgha;tpLk; vd; w mr; r k; fhuzkhfTk; jdpr; rpq;fsr; rl;lf; Nfhhpf;if njhlh;ghfr; rw;W jaf;fk; fhl;b aJ. Mdhy; gz;lhuehaf;fh ,e;jg; Nghf;fpidj; njspth fNt Ghpe;Jnfhz;lhh;. I.Nj.fl;rp apid Kwpabj;Jj; jhd; Ml;rp f;F tUtjw;fhd FWf;F top ,J vd;giijAk; fz;L nfhz;lhh;. thf;FWjpfis ms;sp tPrpdhh;. ngsj;jkj FUkhh;fs;> rpq;fs Mrphpah;fs;> rpq;fsj; njhopyhsh;fs;> rpq;fs tptrhap fs;> rpq;fs MAs;Ntj itj;jp ah;fs; vd;fpd;w rpq;fs Njrj;jp

jkpo;j; Njrj;jpd; Nghuhl; lq;fs; njhlh;e;Jk; tYtile; jd. muR mjid mlf;Ftjw; Ff; $l;Lj;jz;lid nfhLf;f Kd;te;jJ. mJjhd; 1958Mk; Mz;L ,df;fytuk;. mjid ,df; f ytuk; vdf; $ WtJ nghUj;jkhdjy;y. ,d mopg;G vdf;$WtNj nghUj;jkhdJ. rpq;fs Njrj;jhy; jkpo; kf;fspd; murpay; mgpyhirf; Nfhhpf; ifia mlf;Ftjw;fhf toq; fg;gl;l KjyhtJ $l;Lj;jz; lid ,J. ,f; $l;Lj;jz;lid gpd;dh; 1977> 1983 vd tsh;ej ; J jhd; tuyhW. ,f; $l;Lj;jz; lid muR ,dthjpfspd; $l;L Kaw;rp. jkpo;j; Njrj;jpd; mgp yhirfisg; Gj;jhf;fk; nra;t jpy; ,f; $l;Lj;jz;lizapd; gq;F msg;ghpaJ. (njhlUk;....)

11

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y;ntl;bj;Jiw - jPUtpy; ntspapy; gd;dpU Ntq;iffspd; tpj;Jly;fSk;> vhpaf; fhj;jpUf;Fk; rpijapd; Nky; mLf;fg;gl;ld. \\,e;jpah vkJ kf;fisf; fhg;ghw;Wk; vd;w ek;gpf;ifapy; fPNo itj;j MAjq;fis ,g;NghJ kWgb NkNy cah;jJ ; fpNwhk;|| vd;W xU Fuy; Xq;fp xypj;jJ. RLfyd;fs; NkNy cah;jj ; g;gl;ld. thdj;ijf; fpopj;jgb khpahij Ntl;Lf;fs; nre;epwkhfg; gazpjj ; d. ,e;jpa - <og;Nghh; njhlq;fptpl;lJ. ehtw;Fopg; gilj;jsj;jpypUf;Fk; ,e;jpa ,uhZtk; Kd;Ndwpdhy; Nkhjntd Nfhg;ghapy; gjpide;J Ngh;nfhz;l ; ngz;fszp jahuhdJ. iffspy; ,uz;nlhU ehl;fspd; Kd; mtru mtrukhf toq;fg;gl;l AK47> xNunahU uitf;$l;Lld; mJ$l vy;NyhhplKkpy;iy.

Vidath;fs; uitfisj; Jzp Kbr;rpy; fl;bagb> Fz;LfSld;.

2Mk; nyg; khyjp> 2Mk; nyg; f];J}up> tPuNtq;iffs; tp[p> n[dh> jah> uQ;rp jk;kplk; cs;stw;Wld; jahh; epiyapy;.

Kd;Ndwpte;j ,e;jpag; gilfSf;Fk;

thjutj;ij> fg;GJ}> kz;lhd;> ty;it ntsp> njhz;lkdhw;Wr; re;jpg; gFjpfspy; epiynfhz;lJ. rpqf ; sg; gilapdhpd; eltbf;ifapy; njhpe;j NtWghL> mth;fspd; tuT thjutj;ijg; gf;fkhf ,Uf;fyhk; vd;w Cfj;ij Vw;gLj;jpaJ. vkJ NtT eltbf;if njhlq;fpaJ. thjutj;ijapd; ntspgG; wf; fhg;guz;fisf; fle;J vk;kth;fs; cs; Eioa> ,uitg; gfyhf;Fk; kpd; tpsf;Ffs; xg;gtpyi ; y. fg;ld; Nfhgpapd; mzp kWgb kWgb Kad;wJ. fhg;guz;fSf;F Kd;dhy; ehl;lg;gl;Ls;s fk;gq;fspy; rpy kpd; tpsf;Ffs; vkJ GwkhfTk;> rpy gilapdiug; ghh;j;jgbAk; fl;lg;gl;bUe;jd. vkf;F vjph;j;jpirapy; fl;lg;gl;l kpd; tpsf;F xspUk;NghJ vk; jpirapypUf;Fk; fk;gk; rpWNfhlhf epoiy tpOj;Jk;. me;j epoiyg; gad;gLj;jpf$ ; l gifauiz neUq;f gyKiw Kad;Wk; ...... gilapdh; eltbf;ifiaj; njhlq;fg;Nghfpd;wdh; vd;W cs;Szh;T nrhd;dJ. ,d;W ehd;fhtJ ehs; vg;gbahtJ Nghahf Ntz;Lk;.

nyg;.khyjp gilazpapd; Kjy; khtPuuhfp> ,g;NghJ gj;jhz;Lfs;.

2Mk; nyg;.khyjpapd; ngaiur; Rkf;Fk; gilazp> Kjy; khtPuh; fg;ld; Nfhgpiag; NghyNt Kbahnjd;W vijAk; tplhJ> vq;Fk; vg;NghJk; Kad;wgb. ✫✫✫✫ cz;ik ntw;wp - 01 vjph; eltbf;ifapd; Muk;g ehl;fspNyNa nfhk;gdpfF ; hpa NtT mzpapy; xUtuhf nyg;.jkpo;gphpah gapw;Wtpf;fg;gl;lhh;. epjhdKk; mikjpAkhd ,ay;igf;nfhz;l mtUf;F NtT kpfTk; nghUj;jkhd gzpjhd;. jhf;Fjyzpfspd; fhg;guz;fisf; fle;J Kd;Gwk; Ngha; ,unty;yhk; rpq;fsg; gilf;F kpf mUNfAk;> gfypy; rw;Wg; gpdN; d te;J caukhd kuq;fspy; Vwp epd;W gilapdiuf; fz;fhzpg;gJkhd fbd NtTg; gzpapy; jkpog ; phpah <Lgl;lhh;. cUj;jpuGuk; Gdpj gw;wpkh fy;Y}hpapy; epiynfhz;bUe;j rpqf ; sg; gilapdiu 1996.09.26 md;W ehk; cl;GFe;J jhf;fpaopj;j eltbf;ifapy;

\\Gspaq;Fsr; re;jpg; gFjpia NtW gilazpfs; ghJfhf;Fk;. re;jpf;fUNf ,uhZtk; te;J epiynfhz;L rz;il gpbf;Fkhdhy;> jsj;ijj; jf;fitg;gJ

kiykfs; ,th;fSf;Fk; rz;il Muk;gpj;jJ. fLk; rz;il. uit Kba Kba epug;gp epug;gpr; rz;il. ngUk; gyj;Jld; ngUe;njhifapy; te;J epd;w cyfpd; md;iwa ehd;fhk; ty;yuRg; gilfNshL epdW ; rz;ilapl Kbahj fsepiyik vk;kth;fisf; Nfhg;gha; re;jpNehf;fp> rz;ilapl;lthW gpd;dfh;j;jj; njhlq;fpaJ. khyjpfF ; j; njhz;ilapy; ngUq;fhak;. elf;f Kbatpy;iy. ,uhZtNkh neUq;fpf;nfhz;bUe;jJ. khyjpia ,Oj;Jr; nry;y tp[p Kaw;rpj;Jf;nfhz;bUe;jhh;. Kbatpy;iy. ty;yuRg; gilfSldhd Nghhpy; jd;dhy; ,og;G tuf;$lhJ vd;W KbntLj;j khyjp raidl;il mUe;jpdhh;. \\vd;id tpl;bl;L MAjj;ijf; nfhz;LNgha; mz;izapli ; lf; FL|| vd;wgb jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Gypfspd; Kjy; ngz; khtPuuhdhh;. fUtp ifkhwpaJ fdTfs; ifkhwpd. khyjp> jha; epyk; tpbAk; vDk; fdNthL kz;zpNy eP tpOe;jha;. cd; ngah; nrhy;yp vk; gilazp jd;id mz;zd; tsh;jn ; jLj;jhd;. (ed;wp - ftpij mk;Gyp) ✫✫✫✫ #hpaf; fjph; - 01 vjph; eltbf;ifapd; Kbtpy;> tpLjiyg;Gypfs; kfsph; gilazp> jd;id 2Mk; nyg;.khyjp gilazpahf cUkhw;wpapUe;jJ. #hpaf; fjph; - 02 eltbf;iff;F rpqf ; sg; gilj;jiyik jahuhdJ. 2Mk; nyg;.khyjp gilazp tlkuhl;rpapd;

,g;NghJ Kd;dpyT. gpdd ; pUl;L fhakile;j NghuhspfSf;F topfhl;bg; es;sputpy; kpd; gpwg;ghf;fp Xa;ntLf;Fk; 10 gpdN; d efh;jj ; ptplL ; > kWgb Kd;Ndte;J 15 epkpl ,ilntspiag; gad;gLj;jp fhaf;fhuh;fisg; gpd;Nd $l;bg;Ngha; vd;W> cs;Eioe;J> epiyikia mtjhdpjJ ; eltbf;if KbAk; tiu jpUk;gptUk; Kbit Nfhgp vLj;jhh;. ,J rhptUkh> ,y;iyah vd;W Nahrpj;Jf;nfhz;bUf;f NeuKkpy;iy. ,ij tpll ; hy; Gspaq;Fsr; re;jpg; gFjpia gilj; jsj;jpDl;Gf NtW NtW gilazpfs; ghJfhf;Fk;. topAkpy;iy. re;jpf;fUNf ,uhZtk; te;J 1996 Vg;gpuy; 02 Nfhgpapd; mzp efh;ej ; J. epiynfhz;L rz;ilgpbf;F Kd;dzp mtjhdpgG; khdhy;> jsj;ijj; jf;fitg;gJ epiyia mile;jJ. rw;W epjhdpj;J> NkYk; Kd;dfh;e;J fbdk;. ePzl ; fhyk; Gspaq;Fsr; jilf; fk;gpia neUq;f re; j pia vkJ fl;Lg;ghl;by; Kd;Ng topapy; ,uhZtk; itj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lkhdhy; vjphg ; g ; l;lJ. Kaw;rpiaf; iftpl ePqf ; s; mth;fSf;F ntspg; KbahJ. Nghfj;jhd; Gwkhfj; jLg;guz;fis mikj;J Ntz;Lk;. nky;yg; epd;W rz;ilapl;L vjphpf;Fr; gf;fthl;lhf tpyfp> kPz;Lk; Kd;Ndw> kWgbAk; Nrjj;ij Vw;gLj;jpf;nfhz;bUf;f ,uhZtk; vjph;g;gl;lJ. Ntz;Lk;. mij ePqf ; s; Ngha; kPz;Lk; gf;fthl;lhf tpyfp> Kd;Ndhf;fp efu Kay> kpd; nra;Aq;fs; vd;whh;. gpwg;ghf;fp Xa;e;jJ. jkpoPoj; Njrpaj; jiyth; ,dpj; jhkjpf;f KbahJ. gj;J epkplq;fSs; cs;Eioe;J ntspjj ; pUk;g Ntz;Lk; Xl;lj;jpy; Ngha; ,iltplhj eiljhd;. khngUk; gil efh;nthd;W rpq;fsg; KjyhtJ jilf; fk;gpia cs; gilfshy; Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. vg;gb> Eiotjw;fhf cah;j;jpg; gpbf;f> xUth; cs; vg;NghJ vq;Nf vd;gJ njhpatpy;iy. 2k; Eioa Kay> jilf; fk;gpapypUe;J Ie;J nyg;.khyjp gilazpapd; nfhk;gdp xd;W kPww ; h; Kd;Nd ,uhZtk; epwg ; ijf; fz;l clq;fhtpy; epiynfhz;bUe;jJ. gue;Jgl;l Nfhgp> irif fhl;b> efh;it epWj;jpdhh;. ; py; itj;jpUf;fg; epyg;gug;igf; fz;fhzpgg mjw;Fs; kpd; tpsf;Ffs; caph; ngw;wd.

Nghjpa Mszpapy;yhjjhy; 2Mk; nyg; khyjp ,dp xU fzk; mq;Nf epw;gJk; gilazp a p d ; NtT mzp fs; rk;gsq;Fsk;> jw;nfhiyf;F xg;ghdJ. ,th;fs; xjpakiy> clq;fh> jz;zPh; Kwpg;Gg; tpyfj;njhlq;f rpwpyq;fh ,uhZtk; gFjpfspy; cyhtpf;nfhz;bUe;jd.

Rlj;njhlq;f> ,th;fSk; clq;fhg; gFjpapy; ,U jlitfs; iff;Fz;Lfis tPrpagb Rl;Lr; Rl;Lg; gpdd ; fu> me;j ntl;il ntspr; rpwpyq;fhg; gilapdhpd; NtT mzpfisr; re;jpj;J> vkJ mzpfs; jhf;fpapUe;jd. ,e;jh> rz;ilapy; fg;ld; Nfhgp 2Mk; me;jh vd;wpUe;jJ rz;il njhlq;Fk; ehs;.

1997.05.13 md;W njhlq;fpaJ \ntw;wp epr;rak;| vd;W ngah; #l;lg;gl;l> rpq;fsj;jpd; Njhy;tp eltbf;if. clq;fh ntl;ilapy; epd;w 2Mk; nyg;.khyjp gilazpapd; NtT mzpiaNa ntw;wp epr;rak; eltbf;ifg; gilfs; Kjypy; re;jpj;jd. ntw;wp epr;rak; vjph; eltbf;ifapd; Kjy; khtPuuhf nyg;.jkpog ; phpah tuyhw;wpy; nghwpff ; g;gl;lhh;. ✫✫✫✫

12

fbdk;. ePz;lfhyk; Gspaq;Fsr; re;jpia vkJ fl;Lg;ghl;by; itj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lkhdhy; ePq;fs; mth;fSf;F ntspgG; wkhfj; jLg;guz;fis mikj;J epdW ; > rz;ilaplL ; vjphpfF ; r; Nrjj;ij Vw;gLj;jpf;nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;. mij ePq;fs; Ngha; nra;Aq;fs;|| vd;whh; jkpoPoj; Njrpaj; jiyth; jpU.Nt.gpughfud; mth;fs;. tPuh;fspd; tho;tpy; KbahJ vd;W xd;W ,Uf;fpd;wjh?

Gwg;gl;lJ 2Mk; nyg;.khyjp gilazp. neLq;NfzpapypUe;J Gspaq;Fsj;Jf;Ff; fhy; eilahfNt te;J Nrh;e;jJ. jiyth; nrhd;dgb jsj;Jf;F ntspgG; wkhfj; jLg;guz;fis mikj;jJ. tTdpah - fpspnehr;rp neLQ;rhiyapd; ,UGwKk; rpwFfs; tbtpy; tphpe;J epd;W> Gspaq;Fsj; jsj;Jf;Ff; fhg;G toq;fpaJ. jdf;F Kd;Nd gilazpapd; NtT mzpapdiu cyhttpl;lJ. 1997.06.23 md;W mjpfhiy ngUnkLg;gpy; uhq;fpfs; ,iua> Fz;LtPrR ; tpkhdq;fs; $t> vwpfizfis kioahf tPrpagb Kd;Ndwp te;j gilapdNuhL Kjypy; NkhjpaJ Nk[h; murpapd; jiyikapyhd Ie;J NtTg; NghuhspfNs. gioa fhaq;fs;> Neha; fhuzkhf fsKid kUj;Jt tPl;by; Xa;ntLj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jth;fis Kd;duq;Ff;F efh;j;jp> Kd;duq;fpy; epd;wth;fs; jk;ikj; jahh;gg ; Lj;Jk; tiu NtT mzp rz;ilapl> vy;NyhUk; jahuhdJk; mth;fs; gpd;dfu> Kd;duq;fg; Nghuhfspfs; rz;ilapl;ldh;. vwpfizfshy; J}f;fp tprpwg;gl;L kz;Ftpay;fshd fhg;guz;fisf; iffshy; tpwhz;b tpl;Lg; gLj;jpUe;J mbj;jth;fSk;> ,aq;F epiyj;jilNaw;gl;l fduf MAjq;fis rPh; nra;J> rPh; nra;J mbj;jth;fSk;> fhaq;fisf; fl;btpl;Lj; njhlh;e;J epd;W rz;ilapl;lth;fSk; ntw;wpia vkf;Nf chpj;jhf;fpapUe;jdh;. fhiy 5.00 kzpastpypUe;J khiy 5.00 kzpasT tiu njhlh;ej ; me;jg; ngUQ;rz;ilapy; gilazp 2Mk; nyg;.khyjpapd; ngaiuAk; fg;ld; Nfhgpapd; ngaiuAk; epiyepWj;jpapUe;jJ. jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lj;ij cYg;gpa ,U ngUk; rkh;fshd ,e;jpa ,uhZtg; NghiuAk;> ntw;wp eprr; ak; eltbf;ifiaAk; vjph;nfhz;L> Kjy; khtPuh;fis <fk; nra;j epkph;tpy;> ,dptUk; rkh;fisAk; ntw;wpnfhs;Sk; Jzptpy;> fsnkq;Fk; fhj;jpUf;fpd;wJ gilazp. \\Mapuj;J E}w;W ,Ugj;ije;J khtPuh;fis kz;Zf;F <h;eJ ; ngUikNahL epkphe ; J ; nfhs;fpdw ; J gilazp|| ✫✫✫✫

khrp - gq;Fdp> 2006

1990Mk; Mz;L aho;efiu ,Uk;guf;fdhf mr;RWj;jpf;nfhz;bUf;fpwJ xy;yhe;jh; cUthf;fpa Nfhl;il. ,jid ,yq;if ,uhZtk; gykhd jskhfg; gad;gLj;jpf;nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. gy E}W tUlq;fspd; gpd;dh;> giftd; Nfhl;ilnahd;iwf; ifg;gw;Wtjw;fhd Kw;Wifiaj; jkpoh; tPutuyhW rhh;ghfg; Gypfs; elhj;jpf;nfhz;bUf;fpd;whh;fs;. xU yl;rk; jPTg;gFjp kf;fs; Vjpypfshapdh;. gy ,yl;rk; jPgfw;g kf;;fs; my;yYWfpd;wdh;. ,jw;F Neubf; fhuzkhd ,uhZt Kfhk; tPo;j;jg;gl;Nlahf Ntz;Lk;. ,k;Kfhkpw;Fg; gpujhd tpepNahfg; ghijahf tpsq;Fk; gz;izg; ghyk; jfh;f;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. Ik;gJ kPw;wh; Kd;dhy; giftdpd; gJq;fpf; Fwpghh;jJ ; r; RLk; tPuh;fs; tpopj;jp Uf;fpd;whh;fs;. mth;fspd; fOFg;ghh;it ,th;fspd; gFjpiaf; fz;fhzpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. giftd; fz;fspy; kz;izj;J}tp gz;izf; flw;fiu Nehf;fp ntbkUe;Jfis efh;j;jNtz;Lk;. vf;fzKk; caph; gwpNghFk; Mgj;jhd ,g;gzpiaj; jpthfh; nra;J nfhz;bUe;jhd;. vJ elf;fyhfhJ vd vjph;ghh;f;fg; gl;lNjh ,J ele;Njtpl;lJ. Mdhy; rpW mjp];lj; Jld; vjphpapd; uitnahd;W ,tdJ fhiyj;Jisj;Jr; nrd;Wtpl;lJ. fz;tpopj;Jg; ghh;fi ; fapy; aho; kUj;Jtkid apy; gLj;jpUe;jhd;. fhak; khWifapy; mf;fhypd; ePsk; xU ,Q;rp fl;ilahfp ,Ue;jJ. fPof ; f ; hypd; xU gFjp njhLif czh;it ,oe;jpUe;jJ. mf;fhiy ,Oj;jp Oj;Nj elf;fNtz;bapUe;jJ. jdf;Nfw;gl;l tYf;Fiw it eilapd; Ntfj;ijf; $l;Ltjd; %yk; <Lnra;a Kw;gl;lhd;. mk; kUj;Jtkidapy; Nghh;f; fhaKw;w E}w;Wf;fzf;fhd Nghuhspfs; rpfpr;ir ngWfpd;whh;fs;. mth;fspd; Njitfisg; g+h;j;jp nra;Ak; eph;thfj;ij xOq;FgLj;JtJ kpfTk; rpukkhf ,Ue;jJ. ,tdJ MNyhridfSk; gz;ghd nraw;ghLfSk; mjid ,yFthf;fpaJ. mg;nghWg;ig KOikahfr; nra;AkhW Nfl;fg;gl;lhd;. mjw;F ,td; fhy mtfhrk; Nfl;lhd;. mbg;gilg; gapw;rp Kbtila Kd;dNu jhd; fhakila Neh;e;jijAk;> mjidj;jhd; G+uzg;gLj;jpdhy; jhd; jd;dhy; KOikahd Nghuhspapd; kdepiyapy; nraw; gl KbAk; vd;gijAk; njspTgLj;jpdhd;. ,ayhf; fhYld; fbd gapw;rpfis epiwTnra;J gzpf;Fj; jpUk;gpdhd;. fhakile;jth;fs; gyhpd; kdr; rkepiy apy; khw;wkpUe;jJ. mth;fSf;Fj; jhaha;> jhjpaha;> jiytdpd; gpujpgypg;gha;> ez;gdha; vdg; gyuha;r; nraw;gl;lhd;. kUj;Jt epGzh;fs;> kUj;Jtk; fw;gth;

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G+h; t khfr; rpe; j pj; j J kw;wth;fis tpag;gpy; Mo;j;jpaJ. ,lk;ngaUk; kf;fSf;F kdpjhgpkhd cjtp fisr; nra; A khW I.eh.rig mjpgh; mwpf; i f tpl;bUe;jhh;. vt;TjtpfSk; te;JNru vt;topfSk; ,y;yhj epiy. khhp kioapy; the;jp NgjpNah> tapw;Nwhl;lNkh te;J gy;yhapuk; kf;fs; kba Neuyhk;. vDk; kdpj mtyk; vjph;ghh;ff ; g;gl;lJ. jputClfNkh> Ez; Z aph; nfhy; y p kUe; J fNsh xU kUj; J t neUf;fbiar; rkhspf;ff; $bathW ifapUg;gpy;iy. kUj; J t Nritf; f hd eph; t hff; fl; l ikg; N gh rPh;Fiye;Js;sJ. mt;Ntis jpthfh; gpd;tUkhW $wpdhd;. kf;fs; fy;tpawpTs;sth;fs;. mbg;gilr; Rfhjhu eilKiwfisf; filg;gpbg;gth;fs;. jpBnud Vw;gl;l ,t;neUf;fbahy; mth;fs; ftdk; rpjWk;. mjdhy; kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; Rfhjhu tpopg;Gzh;it Cl;LtjD}lhfg; gpur;rpidia tutplhky; jLf;fyhk;. ,tdJ ,f;fUj;J tpiuthfr; nraYUg; ngw;wjhy; vjph;ghh;j;j mtyk; tuhky; jLf;fg;gl;lJ. aho; kUj;Jtkid gwpNghdjhy; vk; NghhpLk; tY Fiwe;Jtpl;lJ. ,jd; njhluhf vjphp njd;kuhl;rp tlkuhl;rp gpuNjrq;fisf; ifg;gw;w Kaw;rpg;ghd;.

Mapuf;fzf;fpy; NghuhspfSk; kf;fSk; fhakilthh; fs;. ,r; rthiy Kfk; nfhLg;gjw;fhd tsg;gpujpaPl; ilf; FWfpa fhyj;jpy; Vw;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. mjw;Fj; Jiwrhh; kUj;Jtf; FOf;fisf; Fwpg;ghfr; rj;jpurpfpr; irf;fhd jhjpah; Ma;T$lj; njhopy;El;gtpayhsh;fs; Nghd;w Msdp trjpia Vw;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. toik Nghy; ,tdJ yhtfkhd nraw;ghl;lhy; ifNky; gyd; fpilj;jJ. ,jid Ky;iyr;rkhpy; fhakile;j Mapuj; jpw;F Nkw;g;gl;l Nghuhspfisf; fhg;ghw;wpajd; %yk; czuKbe;jJ. neUf;fbahd Neuq;fspy; nghWg;Gf; fis EZf;fkhff; ifahz;ljhy; td;dp kz; kPzL ; k; xU ghhpa nghWg;gpid ,tdplk; xg;gilj;jJ. Mk; ,q;F ,td; fskUj;Jtg; nghWg;ghs dhfr; nraw;glg; gzpf;fg;gl;lhd;. mfz;l Kd; mDgt kw;w gpuNjrk;> Mq;fhq;Nf mbf;fb mNfhukhf tphpAk; rkh;ff ; sq;fs;> Mq;fpNyah; fhyj;jpwF ; g; gpd; jpUj;jg;glhj tPjpfs;. vhpnghUs;> kUe;Jf;Fk; jl;Lg;ghlhd epiy. xt;nthUtiuAk; gy jlit kuzj;jpd; tpspk; Gf;Ff; nfhz;LNgha;f; nfhz;LtUk; kNyhpah> fhakile;jth; fis Ntfkhf efh;j;jNth> itj;Jg;guhkhpf;fNth

- J}atd; fs;> Vida kUj;Jtg; gzpahsh;fs; midtUlDk; md;ghfTk; Nghuhspf;Fhpa gpuj;jpNaf gz;ig ntspf; fhl;Lk; tz;zKk; cwthbdhd;. midth; kdjpYk; Mo ,lk;gpbj;jhd;. kdpj kdq;fisAk; tsq;fisAk; Kfhikj;Jtk; nra;tjpYk; ,td; xU eilKiw epGz dhfr; nraw;gl;lhd;.

Nghh;f;fhyj;jpy; nghUshjhu> kUe;Jj;jil fshy; kf;fs; ,d;dy;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;jhh;fs;. mth;fs; tho;fi ; fj; juj;jpYk; mf;fiw nrYj;jNtz;b ,Ue;jJ. jkpoPo Rfhjhu Nritfs; epWtd kag;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. ,jd; Jizg;nghWg;ghsuhfg; gzpahw;wg; gzpf;fg;gl; lhd;. ,f;fhyfl;lj;jpy; jhd;> tuyhw;wpd; kpfg; ngUk; Jd;gkhf aho;gg ; hz ,lg;ngah;T epfo;eN ; jwpaJ. aho; kUj;Jtkidapy; Mapuj;jpw;F Nkw;gl;l NghuhspfSk; nghJkf;fSk; rpfpr;ir ngw;Wf;nfhz;bUe;jdh;. mth;f isg; ghJfhg;ghf efh;jj ; Ntz;bapUe;jJ. ,t; kdpjhgp khdg; gzpapd; ghuj;jpd; ngUk;gFjp ,td; Njhs;fspy; ,wq;fpaJ. xw;iwf;fhypy; Rw;Wk; gk;gukhf> ,uT gfy; ghuhJ ,Ugj;jpdhd;F kzpNeuKk; ,td; Rod;wJ ,d;Dk; Qhgfq;fspy; cs;sJ. kf;fs; midtUk; ntspNawptpl;ldh;. ,btp Oe;j RLfhlhf Nrhigapoe;J aho;kz; fhl;rpaspj;jJ. Nghuhspfspd; fs kUj;Jtkidahf \Qhdk;];| cy; yhr tpLjpf; fl;blk; gad;gl;Lf;nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. gzpapd; fisg;ghy; rpwpJ fz;zah;ej ; jpthfh; jpBnud

khrp - gq;Fdp> 2006

Nghjpa tsq;fs; ,y;yhj epiy. rhjhuz jiyapb Kjy; cly; Jz;LgLk; fhaq;fs; tiu midj;JNk rpukj; i jNa ghprspf; F k; . ,t; t stpw; F k; ,td; nraw;gl;lhd;. \\fbdkhf cioj;Njh my;yJ kpjkhf cioj;Njh ghhpa ntw;wpfisg; ngwyhk;|| ,td; mbf; fb $Wk; fUj;jpd; Kw;gFjpiaj; jd; tho;tpd; jj;Jt khf;fpapUe;jhd;. vjphp n[arpf;FW rkh;Kidiaj; jpwe;J tpl;lhd;. td;dpia ,uz;lWj;J> Gypfs; gyj;ijr; rpjwbj;J> jkpoh; Njrpaj;ijr; nry;yhj tplakhf;Fk; Kaw;rpapy; giftd; %h;ff ; khfNt <Lgl;lhd;. Kjiy f;F jz;zpapYk; GypfSf;F td;dpapYk; gyk; vd;gij mtd; mDgtj;jpy; GhpatpUk;gpa fhyk;. gif ,uhZ tj; njhluzpiaj; jhz;bf;Fsj;jpy; ClWj;Jj; jhf; Fk; jpl;lk; jahuhdJ. iftplg;gl;l tay;fspD}Lk;> fhLfspD}Lk; Gypfs; efuj; njhlq;fptpl;ldh;. Rkhh; 30 fpNyh kPww ; h; ,ayhj fhYld; ele;jhd;. NknyOe;j thhpahfg; ghh;f;ifapy; xU gphpTg; nghWg;ghsd; xU FOTld; efu;tJ nghUj;jkw;wjhfj; njd;glyhk;. vdpDk; rhf;fsq;fspYs; Eioe;J ntsptUtJ> njhl Uk; rkw;fsq;fspy; re;jpf;Fk; rthy;fSf;F Kfk; nfhLg;gij ,yFthf;Fk; vd;gijj; jplkhf ek;gpdhd;. fsk;jpwf;Fk; ,lnkq;Fk; jpthfh; epw;ghd; vd;gJ ntspg; gilahdJ. rkh;fs; Kbe;J jsk;jpUk;Gk; mtd; rpy

NkIh; jpthfh; re;jpuNrfuk; GNye;jpud;; khjfy;, aho;g;ghzk;;. gpwg;G - 19.02.1971 tPur;rhT - 01.02.1998

ehs; ,ilntspapy; njha;jpUf;Fk; eph;thf Nritfis Ntfkhf xOq;F gLj;Jthd;. fsKidj; jsgjpfSld; fye;jhNyhrid nra;thd;. gpujhd> Jizahd fskUj;Jt epiy fis vq;nfq;F epWTtJ vdj; jPh; khdpg;ghd;. tiuglk;> Fwpg;Gg; Gj;jf Kk; ifAkhf tUkptd; mt;tt; ,lq; fspy; kz;ntl;bAld; epd;W gJq;FFop fis mikg;ghd;. xt;nthU kUj;Jt epiyiaAk; kuGrhh; kpdp ,uhZt Kfhkhf khw;W thd;. kUj;Jt epiyfs; Rw;wptisf;fg;gl;lhy; jhf;Fg; gpbf;fTk;> NjitNaw;gl;lhy; Kw;Wifia cilf;f Tk;; Njitahd midj;ijAk; ,uhZt tpQ;Qhdg; ghh;itNahL nraw;gLj;Jthd;. Gspaq;Fsj;jpYk;> GJ}hp Yk; mtd; mikj;j Kfhk;fs; rhjhuz ghh;itapy; fskUj;Jt Kfhk;fshfTk;> myRk; ghh;itapy; ,uhZt gad;ghl;bw;Fhpa Kfhk;fshfTk; njd;gl;ld. ,t;tpU ,lq;fSk; Kw;Wiff;F cs;shfpj; jhf;Fg;gpbj;J> gpd; Kw;Wif cilj;j epfo;Tfs; jkpoPog; Nghh; kUj;Jt tuyhw;wpy; rhjidg; gjpTfshapd. n[arpf;FW gil eltbf;if mh;j;jkw;wjhf; fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. mjw;F rhj;jpakhditfs; midj;Jk; nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;. mtw;wpy; xd;whf fpspnehr;rp ,uhZtj;jsk; kPz;Lk; ifg;gw;wg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. ,J eilngWkhapd; n[arpf;FW ,uhZt nuapy; jlk; GuSk; my;yJ jlk;khWk;. mjw;fhd rkh; 10.02.1997 Muk;gpf;fj; jpl;lkplg;gl;lJ. ,r; rkh;ff ; sj;jpd; Rw;way; gFjpfspy; fskUj;Jt Kfhk;fs; mikf;fg;gl;L. rkh; Muk;gpj;Jtpl;lJ. fskUj;Jt Kfhnkhd;wpy; jpthfh; gzpahw;wpf;nfhz;bUf;fpd;whd;. Mq;fhq;Nf tpkhdj; jhf;Fjy;fSk; elhj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. ,uT eilngw;w rz;ilapd; gpujpgypg;gha; fhaf;fhuiu Vw;wpg; gy thfd q;fs; mt; kUj;Jt epiyf;F te;JNghfpdw ; d. fhaf;fhuh; fSf;F mtru caph;fhg;Gr; rpfpr;irfSk;> VidaTk; nra;ag;gl;L tpiuthfg; gpd;jsk; mDg;gg;gLfpd;whh;fs;. thdpy; Mspyy ; h NtT tpkhdk; hPqf ; hukpLtJ Nfl;fpdw ; J. thfd Xl;lq;fis itj;J ,th;fSila Kfhk; mil ahsk; fhzg;glyhk; vDk; mr;rk; jiyJ}f;Ffpd;wJ. vdpDk; mjidg; nghUl;gLj;jhky; mtuth; jk;jk; flikfspy; %o;fpAs;sdh;. jpBnud nrtpg;giw ntbf; Fk;> epyk; mjpUk; tifapy; ,iur;ry; rj;jk; Nfl;fpwJ. epiyikiaf; fzpj;j jpthfh; \\vy;NyhUk; gq;fUf;f ghAq;fs;|| fj;jp Kbg;gjw;Fs; gBh; gBh; vd fpgph;f; Fz;Lfs; mt;tplq;fspy; tpOe;J ntbf;fpd;wJ. ntb kUe;Jg; GifAk;> J}rp kz;lyKk; tpyf rpy epkplq;fs; vLj;jJ. fz;lfhl;rp mjph;rr ; piaf; nfhLj;jJ. fskUj; Jt epiy ,Ue;j,lk; fw;Ftpayhff; fhl;rpaspj;jJ. gr;ir kuq;fSk;> kUe;Jg; nghUl;fSk;> jirj;Jz;l q;fSk; Mq;fhq;Nf rpjwpf;fple;jd. Mk; fskUj;Jtg; nghWg;ghsd; jpthfh; kw;Wk; ,U ,uhZt kUj;Jth;fs; cl;gl ehw;gj;jp%d;W Ngh; Nerpj;j kz;zpy;> Nghh;g; gzpahw;wpa ,lj;jpy; tpijahfpg; Nghdhh;fs;

13

ngh ngh];N] Nfhl;ilapd; cs;Ns tpLjiyg; Gypfspd; gpujpepjpfSk; rpwpyq;fh gpujpepjpfSk; Eise;j if NahL #Lgpbf;fj; njhlq;fpa Clf cy fk; ,d;Dk; jzpahky; mjd; gpd;epfo;T fisj; jlk;njhlu;e;Jnfhz;bUf;fpwJ. gd;dhl;Lr; r%fj;jpd;Kd; nfhLj;j thf; FWjpfis cs;@upNy epiwNtw;wTk; Kbahky; epuhfupf;fTk; Kbahky; jpUl Df;Fj; Njs;nfhl;ba epiyapy; kfpe;ju; jLkhw> $l;lzpf; fl;rpfs; MSf;nfhU gf;fk; $j;jhl> Gypfspd; ,ay;G kPwpa nghWikia gd;dhl;Lr; r%fk;; gjl;lj; NjhL ghu;j;Jf;nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. gyjug;gpdupd; gytpj fUj;Jg; gupkhwy; f Sf; f pilNa ele; J Kbe; j n[dpthg; Ngr;Rfs; jkpoUf;F vd;d nrhy;fpd;wd vd;W ghu;gg ; jhapd; thrfu; fs; kPz;Lk; xUjilit ngh];N] Nfhl;ilf;Fs; EisaNtz;Lk;.

GypfSld; NgRtjw;fhd mur jug;Gf; FOit Maj;jg;gLj;jpaJjhd; kfpe;ju; rdhjpgjp vd;w epiyapy; jkpou; gpur;rid rhu;ghf vLj;j KjyhtJ mb. jdJ rpe;jidfspy; jkpou; gpur;rid fSf;Fj; jPu;T ,Ug;gjhfTk; mtu; $wp te;jpUe;j tifapy; ,ij mtupd; jkpou; rhu;ghd nfhs;if kw;Wk; eilKiw tpsf;fj;jpd; vLNfhshfTk; nfhs;syhk;. mtuhy; tidag; g l; l FO jdJ thjq; f Sf; f hd mbj; j skhf rpwpyq;fhtpd; murpayikg;igAk; ,iw ikiaAk; tupj;Jf;nfhz;lJjhd; Ngr;R thu;ji ; japy; vOe;j midj;J Kuz;ghL fSf;Fk; Njhw;Wthahf mike;jpUe;jJ. ,yq;ifapd; miu E}w;whz;Lfhyj; Jd;gpay; rupj;jpuj;jpd; %yNk mjd; murpay; mikg;Gk; mij rpq;fs ,d thj Ml;rpahsu; gad;gLj;jpa KiwAk; jhd; vd;w gl;ltu;jj ; dkhd cz;ikia mwpahjijg;Nghy rpwpyq;fh FOtpdu; ele;Jnfhs;s Kw;gl;ldu;. jkpoupd; VNfhgpj;j Nfhupf;if jdpehLjhd; vd;gJ vOgj;Njohk; Mz;L nghJj;Nju;jypy; ghupa thf;Fg;gyj;jhy; Mzpj;jukhf vLj;jpak;gg;gl;lNghNj ,yq;if murpayikg;ghdJ jkpou;kPJ nraw; g Lk; j pwidj; jhu; k P f uP j pahf ,oe;Jtpl;lJ. md;Nw tYtpoe;JNghd jkJ murpayikg;igr; rl;lq;fshYk; rl;lj;jpUj;jq;fshYk; gilgyj;jhYk; jkpou; jhafg; gFjpapy; epiyehl;l rpq;fsj; jug;G Kidtij jkpou;fs; MAjuPjpahf vjpu;gg ; Nj ,d;iwa Nghuhl; lk;. jtpu> ,e;j murpayikg;ig Kd; dhs; rdhjpgjp re;jpupfh$l \gFG+ja| (J~;l muf;fd;) vd;W tpku;rpj;jpUe;jhu;.

1983w;Fg; gpd;du; kl;Lk; Rkhu; xU,yl; rj; J ,Ugjpdhapuk; capu; f isf; (mg;ghtpj; jkpou; 80>000> murgilapdu; 20>000 tpLjiyg; Gypfs; 18>000) fhT

14

nfhz;l NghUf;F mbj;jskpl;l murpa yikg;gpw;Fg; nghUj;jkhfg; ngau;#l;ba jpyhtJ mtu; kpfr;rupahf KbntLj; jpUe;jhu; vd;Nw $wNtz;Lk;. mj;jidf;Fk; gpd;du; ,dg;gpur; ridf;fhd jPui ; t murpayikg;gpy; NjL tjw; F k; > tpru; e hahy; Vw; g l; l gpur; ridf;F me;j tpru;ehaplNk jPu;TNfl; gjw;Fk; ngupa tpj;jpahrq;fs; ,y;iy. ,ijNa Ngr;R Nkirapy; ier;rpakhd eilapy; MNyhrfu; ghyrpq;fk; Fwpg; gpLk;NghJ> ePqf ; Ns cUthf;fpa fdTy fpy; vq;fs; kf;fisAk;> gd;dhl;Lr; r%fj;ijAk; tho miof;fpd;wPu;fs; vd;whu;. mg;gbg;gl;l gFG+ja murpay; mikg;ig typAWj;Jtjw;fhf kfpe;j uhy; njupT nra;ag;gl;l> Kd;G jpk;Gg; Ngr;rpYk; Fl;ilFog;gpg; nganuLj;j> n[dpth Ngr;RNkirapy; flw;gilj; jsgjpiaAk;>jiug;gil gpupNfbaiuAk; gpd;Ndjs;sp Kd;dplk; nfhLf;fg;gl;l> tof;fwpQu; vr;.vd;.b. rpy;th> rl;lq;fis mwpe;jpUe;jhNuad;wp eilKiwg; gpur; ridfspy; mtUf;Fg; gupr;rak; ,Uf;f

tUtJjhd; mk;ikahupd; jha;ikiaj; jtpf;fitj;j tplak;. mk;ghiw jpuha;kLtpy; fpU];z gps;is rNuh[h vd;w guhakile;J ,uz;L khjq;fNsahd 14 taJj; jkpo;r; rpWkpia rhFk;tiu ty;YwTf;Fl;gLj; jpf; nfhiynra;j K];ypk; fhilau; fisAk;jhd; mk;ikahu; gpujpepjpj;Jtk; nra;fpwhu; vd;fpd;w khWKfk; mk;ik ahupd; jha;Kfj;jpd; kWgf;fk; xl;bapUg; gij cyfk; xUKiw cw;Wf; ftdpf;f Ntz; L k; . jkpou; jhafj; j py; guha kile;j ngz;fSf;fhd guhkupg;G Kiw fspdhy; mtu;fspd; cly;epiy vg;gb ,Uf;Fk; vd;gijAk; me;j epiyapy; me;jg; gpQ;Rf; Foe;ijapd; Ntjidfs; vd;d vd;gijAk; mk;ikahupd; \jha;ik| kwe;J MAjk; Ve;jpa rpWtu;fSf;fhf Ntjidfhl; b aJjhd; cyf kfh ePypj;jdk;. jpUkjp m~;ug;gpd; fupridf; fhd gjpypy; murpay;Jiwg; nghWg;ghsu; R.g. jkpo;rn ; ry;td; jhk; xU je;ijapd; ,lj;jpypUe;J rpWtu;fspd; gpur;rid fisg; ghu;g;gjhff; Fwpg;gpl;lJ Vw;ghl;

,uhrike;jd; mj;jidf;Fk; gpd;du; ,dg;gpur;ridf;fhd jPui ; t murpayikg;gpy; NjLtjw;Fk;> tpru;ehahy; Vw;gl;l gpur;ridf;F me;j tpru;ehaplNk jPuT ; Nfl;gjw;Fk; ngupa tpj;jpahrq;fs; ,y;iy. ,ijNa Ngr;R Nkirapy; ier;rpakhd eilapy; ghJ>> ePqf MNyhrfu; ghyrpq;fk; Fwpg;gpLk;NghJ ; Ns cUthf;fpa fdTyfpy; vq;fs; kf;fisAk; gd;dhl;Lr; r%fj;ijAk; tho miof;fpd;wu P f ; s; vd;whu;. tpy;iy. Nkw;jl;Lr; rpq;fsr; rpj;jhe;j khd jkpoUf;F ve;jg; gpur;ridAk; ,y;iy> Gypfshy;jhd; gpur;rid vd;w fz; % ba jP f ; N fhopj; Njhuizf; F mtUk; tpjptpyf;fhapUf;ftpy;iy.

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lhsu;fspd; jug;gpy;$l xU mu;j;jk; nghjpe;j KWtiy tutioj;jpUf;fpwJ. mLj; j jiyKiwapd; tho; t pw; f hf jq;fs; ,d;iwa tho;it jw;nfhilahff; nfhLf;Fk; xU mikg;gpd; Kd; mtu; fspd; rpWtu;fspd; eyidg; gw;wpNa fijtpLtjpy; cs;s Kuz;eifia ,e;jg; gjpy; ntspg;gLj;jpaJ mjd; fhuzkhapUe;jpUf;fyhk;. jtpu> jkpo;r; nry;td; njhlu;e;J NgRk;NghJ> rpq;fs ,dthjg; gilahy; tho;if kWf;fg;gl;l rpWtu;fSf;F Njrpaj; jiyik vd; ndd;d Vw;ghLfisr; nra;jpUf;fpwJ vd;gijAk; tpyhthupahff;$wp gpur; ridapd; Ntu; vq;fpUf;fpwJ vd;gijr; Rl;bf;fhl;bdhu;. rpWghd; i kapdupd; MjuTk; jdf;fpUg;gjhff; fhl;bf;nfhs;s kfpe;j uhy; njupTnra;ag;gl;ltu;fs; jq;fs; rpq;fs v[khdu;fisj; jpUg;jpg;gLj;j mike;jNj mk;ikahupd; ngh];N] Kof;fk;. jtpu> rpWtu; MAjq;fis ehL jy; vd;gJ xU Neha;f;FwpNa. mjd; %yfhuzj;ijNa cyfr%fk; ,yf;F itj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

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(15Mk; gf;fk; ghh;f;f)

khrp - gq;Fdp> 2006

- M.e.nghw;Nfh -

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Gypfspd; Kjd;ikg; Ngr;rhsu; ghyrpq;fj;jplk; jd; vz;zq;fisj; jplkhfr; nrhy;yptpl;bUe;j jiytu; ,Wjpahfj; jhafj;jpypUe;J nrd;w jkpo;r;nry;td; jiyikapyhd FO tpdUf;Fk; njspthd tpsf;fq;fisf; nfhLj;jpUe;jhu;. Ngr;Rf;fis Kd;dpd;W efu;jj ; pa MNyhrfu; ghyrpq;fj;jpw;Nfh murpay;Jiwg; nghWg;ghsu; jkpo;r; nry;tDf;Nfh jq;fspd; ,yf;F gw;wpa Fog;gq;fs; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. mtu;fspd; efu;TfSf;fhd mjpfhuq;fs; Njrpaj; jiyikahy; njspthfj; jug;gl;bUe;j jhy; > xt; n thU thf; f paj; j pw; F k; jhafj;ijj; njhlu;Gnfhs;s Ntz;ba Ju;g;ghf;fpa epiy mtu;fSf;fpUf;f tpy;iy. khwhf> xU [dehaf ehL vd;W fUjg;gLk; ehl;bd; gpujpepjpfsplk; tof;fkhf cyf r%fk; vjpu;ghu;f;ff; $ba ve;jnthU RahjPdNkh> ,dg; gpur;rid gw;wpa ajhu;jj ; g; ghu;itNah ,y;yhj xU FOit kfpe;ju; mDg;

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rpwpyq;fhitr; rpijj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; mjd; murpayikg;G vd;Dk; Gz;zpw;F kUe;jpLtjhapd; mijr; Rw;wpapUf;Fk; rpq;fsg; ngsj;j jPtputhjk; vDk; goq;fe;jy; mfw;wg;glNtz;Lk;. ngsj;jk; gw;wpa rpq;fsupd; jtwhd Gupe;Jnfhs;sYk Yk;;> gok;ngUk; ehfuPfg; gpd;dzp ,d;ikahy; Kd;Ndwpa r%fq;fisf; fz;L Vw;glf;$ba ,ay;ghd mr;rTzu;it Ngupdthjf; fl;rpfs; J}z;b tsu;jj ; JNk ,d;iwa ngsj;j jPtputhjj;jpd; %yq;fs;. jtpu> Ngr;Rf;FOtpd; gpd;dzpfNsh my; y J mtu; f spd; thjq; f spd; mbehjNkh jkpou; jug;gpw;Fk; ek;gpf;if iaj; jutpy;iy. nkhj;jj;jpy; jdJ KjyhtJ guPli ; rapNyNa jkpoupdJk; gd;dhl;Lr; r%fj;jpduJk; ek;gpf;if iag; ngwj;jtwptpl;lhu; kfpe;ju;. rpwpyq; f hitr; rpijj; J f; nfhz;bUf;Fk; mjd; murpayikg;G vd;Dk; Gz;zpw;F kUe;jpLtjhapd; mijr; Rw;wpapUf;Fk; rpq;fsg; ngsj;j jPtputhjk; vDk; goq;fe;jy; mfw;wg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ngsj;jk; gw;wpa rpq;fsupd; jtwhd Gupe;Jnfhs;sYk;> gok;ngUk;

ngsj;jg; gpf;Ff;fspd; fl;rp jkpou; fisr; rtg;ngl;bfspy; mDg;gpitg; Nghk; vd;W #Siug;gijAk; nrhy;y yhk;. vz;gJfspd; eLg;gFjpapy; gyhyp thd;gilj; jsj;jpy; $ypg;gilahf cyq;FthD}u;jp Xl;ba gpupj;jhdpau; jdJ Gj; j fj; j py; (The Reluctant Mercenary) Fwpg;gpLk; ehky; vd;w thd;gil mjpfhup xU jPtpu ngsj;ju;. kuf;fwpia kl;LNk cz;ghu;. Mdhy;> re;ju;gg ; k; fpilf;Fk;Nghnjy;yhk; mg;gh tpj; jkpou;fisf; nfhy;thu;> Mghrg; glq;fisg; ghu;g;ghu;> gz;gpd;wp ele;J nfhs;thu;. ,Jjhd; ruhrupr; rpq;fsu;

ngsj;jj;ijg; Gupe;Jnfhz;bUf;Fk; tpjk;. ,tu;fspd; gilahf;fpukpg;gpd; fPo; rpWghd;ikj; jkpou; vij vjpu; nfhs;tu; vd;gJ Nghf> cyf ngsj;j r%fk; ,d;Dnkhd;iwAk; rpe;jpf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,];yhk; gw;wpa xUjug;ghupd; jtwhd Gupe; J nfhs; s yhy; ,d; W cyf ,];yhkpar; r%fk; rq;flg;gl;L epw;gijg;Nghd;w epiytuhJ jw;fhj;Jf; nfhs;tjhapd; rpwpyq;fhtpy; elf;Fk; ngsj; j j; j pd; gpwo; G upjiy epWj; j cyf ngsj;j r%fk; KayNtz;Lk;. ,t; t ifg; gpd; d zpapyhd jPtpu epiyg;ghl;Lf; fl;rpfspd; Mjutpy; rdhjpgjpahd kfpe;ju;> mLj;jKiw ahtJ gpur;ridiaj; jPug ; g ; ij kl;LNk Nehf; f hff; nfhz; l FOnthd; i w mDg;Gthu; vd;W vjpu;ghu;f;fyhkh? my;yJ tof;fkhd rpq;fs cj;jpfspd; mbg; g ilapy; jkpoupd; Nguk; N gRk; gyj;ijf; Fiwg;gjw;fhd mtfhrj; ijg;ngWk; ,d;ndhU ngh];N]ahf mJ mikAkh? my;yJ ahUf;F vd;d thf;FWjp nfhL;f;fg;gl;lhYk; njhlu;e; Jk; ,uhZtj;Jld; gfpuq;fkhf ,aq;fp tUk; xl;Lf;FO tpw;gd;du;fs; ntF tpiutpNyNa ehl;il \me;jr;| #o; epiyf;F ,l;Lr;nrd;W tpLthu;fsh? vd; g it fhyj; j hy; fiuf; f g; g l Ntz;ba Nfs;tpfNs. jkpou; jug;G rpwpyq;fhtpdUf; Fk; gd;dhl;Lr; r%fj;jpw;Fk; jq;fs; epiyg;ghl;il ed;F njuptpj;jpUg;gJ ld; NghJkhd fhy mtfhrj;ijAk; nfhLj;jpUf;fpwJ. mJ ,g;NghJ nghW ikapoe;J jPuT ; Nehf;fpa jpirapy; kPz; Lk; cj;Ntfk;ngwj; Jbj;Jf;nfhz;b Uf;fpwJ. Mdhy; me;jj; jPuT ; murikg; gpd; cs;Ns ,Ug;gjhf jkpou; jug;G epidf;ftpy;iy.

15

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