V_P_131

gpd;dh; rkhjhdj; NjtijNghyj; jd;id cU tfpj;j re;jphpfh mk;ikahh; gjtpf;F te;jJk; Gypfs; ,af;fj;Jld; xU rkurg;Ngr;rpw;F te;jpUe;jhh;. aho;g;ghzg; Ngr;Rthh;j;ij vd;W miof;fg;gLk; me;jr; rkhjhd Kaw;rpAk; re;jphpfh mk;ikahhpd; ,uhZtj; jpkph; j ; j dj; j hy; Kwptile; j pUe; jJ. mjidj; njhlh;eJ ; mk;ikahUk; xU midj;Jf;fl;rp khehl;ilf; $l;bapUe;jhh;. Kbtpy; miuFiwj; jPh;Tg; nghjp xd;iwAk; ntspapl;bUe;jhh;. ,g;NghJ Nehh;Nt mDruizAld; rh;tNjr muq;fpy; fle;j ehd;fiu tUlfhykhf ele;Jte;j Ngr;Rthh;j;ijAk; rpq;fs Ml;rpahsh;fspd; fLk; Nghf;F kw;Wk; rkhjhd tpNuhjr; nraw;ghLfshy;

nrayw;Wg;NghAs;sJ. ,e;jg; Gwr;R+oypy; [dhjpgjp kfpe;j uh[gf;r Tk; xU midj;Jf;fl;rp khehl;ilf; $l;bAs;shh;.

Ngr;Rthh;j;ijfspd; NghJ jkpoh; jug;G Kd; itf;Fk; murpaw; Nfhhpf;iffis Vw;Wf;nfhs;shJ my;yJ eilKiwg;gLj;jhjpUe;J Ngr;irf; Fog;gp abj;Jtpl;L gpd;dh;> midj;Jf;fl;rp khehL vd;W $wp> rpq;fsf; fl;rpfis xUq;fpizj;J \\ rpq;fsNjrk; rkhjhdj; jPh;nthd;iwf; fhZk; tpUg;GlNdNa cs;sJ.|| vd;Wfhl;b rh;tNjr r%fj;ijAk; jkpo; kf;fisAk; Vkhw;wTNk midj;Jf;fl;rp khehL vd;w murpay; ehlfj;ij rpq;fs Ml;rpahsh;fs; mLj; jLj;J muq;Nfw;wp tUfpd;wdh;.

mikjptopapy; ,dg;gpur;rpidf;Fj; jPh;T fhzy; vd;w murpay; eilKiwapd; cr;rf;fl;lkhd rh;tNjr kag;gl;l Ngr;Rthh;j;ij thapyhf jkpohpd; tpLjiyg;Nghuhl;lk;> ,g;NghJ rh;tNjr murpayhfp tpl;lJ. ,e;jr; rh;tNjr murpay; fsj;jpy; ,dg; gpur;rpidf;fhd jPh;TKaw;rp vd;gJ rh;tNjrr; rl;lq; fs;> epakq;fs; kw;Wk; eilKiwfspd; mbg;gil apNyNa mZfg;glNtz;ba epiyAk; vOe;Js;sJ. ,J rpq;fs ngsj;j NghpdthjpfSf;F Vw;Gila tplakhf ,Uf;ftpy;iy. vdNtjhd;> rh;tNjrkag;gl;Ltpl;l jkpohpd; Nghuhl;l murpaiy kPz;Lk; cs;ehl;Lg; gpur;rpid ahfj; juk; ,wf;fp - midj;Jf;fl;rp khehl;bd; jPh;khdk; vd;W$wp miuFiwj; jPh;nthd;iwj; jpzpj;J - mij tpLjiyg;Gypfs; epuhfhpf;Fk;NghJ mijr; rhl;lhfitj;J - jkpo;kf;fs; kPJ ,uhZtj; jPh;nthd; iwj; jpzpf;Fk; Nehf;Fld; kfpe;j muR fha;fis efh;j;Jfpd;wJ. ,e;j midj;Jf;fl;rp khehl;bd; Jtf;f epfo; tpy; ciuahw;wpa [dhjpgjp kfpe;jhpd; fUj;Jf;fs; jkpohpd; ,dg; gpur;rpidf;fhd jPh;T njhlh;gpy; mtuJ muR vq;Nf epw;fpd;wJ vd;gij njspthf;fpAs;sd. xw;iw Ml;rpf;Fs; - rpq;fs kf;fspd; rk;kjj; Jld; - cs;sfj; jPhn ; thd;W vl;lg;glNtz;Lk; vd; gNj kfpe;juJ ciu ntspg;gLj;Jk; rhuhk;rq;fshFk;.

(n jhlh;r ;r p 02k ; gf;f j;j py ;)

kl;lf;fsg;G khtl;lj;jpy; Gypfs; ,af;fj; jpd; fl;Lg;ghl;Lg; gFjpahf tpsq;Fk; thfNdhpf; Fwpr;rpapy;> rpq;fsg; gilfs;> ngUnkLg;gpy; jpuz;L - CLUtpj; jhf;Fjy; elhj;j Kad;w ,uhZt epfo;rr ; p> rpq;fs murpd; cz;ik Kfj; ijr; rh;tNjr r%fj;jpw;Fj; NjhYhpj;Jf; fhl;b As;sJ. fle;j brk;ghpy; ,Ue;J GypfSf;F vjpuhf epfo;j;jg;gl;LtUk; epoy;Aj;jj;jpw;Fk; - rpq;fsg; gilfSf;Fk; ve;jtpj rk;ge;jKkpy;iy vd;Nw rpq;fs muR $wpte;jJ. me;j epoy; Aj;jk; Gyp fSf;Fk; - jkpo; xl;Lf;FOf;fSf;FkpilNaahd Nkhjy; vd;Nw mJ rh;tNjr r%fj;jpw;Ff; fhl;b te;jJ. Mdhy;> md;W thfNdhpg;gFjpapy; ele;j rz;ilapy; rpq;fs ,uhZtj;jpd; gd;dpuz;L cly;fs; Gypfshy; ifg;gw;wg;gl;lJk; - rz;il ele;j ,lk; Gypfspd; fl;Lg;ghl;Lg; gFjpjhd; vd;W fz;fhzpg;Gf;FO cWjpg;gLj;jpaJk; xU Kf;fpakhd Nfs;tpia rh;tNjr muq;fpy; vOg;gpAs;sJ. mjhtJ> rh;tNjr r%fj;jpd; Kd;dpiyapy; nra;J nfhs;sg;gl;l Nghh;epWj;j cld;ghl;il rpq;fs muR epuhfhpj;J tpl;ljh! vd;gNj mJthFk;.

Nghh;epWj;j #oiy cilj;J kPz;Lk; Nghiuj;njhlq;f rpq;fs muR midj;J Kaw;rpfisAk; vLj;JtUfpd;wJ vd;gNj cz;ikahFk;. mjw;fhfg; Nghuhspfs;kJ P k; - jkpo;kf;fs; kPJk; nfhiyj; jhf;Fjy;fis elhj;jp Gypfisr; rPz;btUfpd;wJ. Gypfs; ,af;fNk Nghiuj; njhlq;fl;Lk; vd;gJjhd; rpq;fs murpd; tpUg;gkhFk;.

Vndd;why; jkpohpd; ,dg;gpur;rpidf;F murpay;jPh;T toq;Fk; vz;zk; rpq;fs murplkpy;iy. ,uhZtj;jPh;T %yk; jkpoh;fis xLf;FtNj mjdJ ePz;lfhyj; jpl;lk;. rkhjhdg; Ngr;Rf;fs; njhluhJtpl;lhYk; rkhjhdr; #oiyg; ghJfhf;f Gypfs; fhl;Lk; ePz;l nghWik - tpl;Lf; nfhLg;G vd;gd ,d;Wtiu ngUk;Nghiuj; js;spitj;J tUfpd; wJ. Gypfspd; ,e;j ePzl ; nghWikia cilf;fNt thfNdhp apy; rpq;fs muR ghhpanjhU jhf;Fjy; Kaw;rpf;F cj;ju tpl;bUe;jJ. ,e;j Kaw;rpapy; rpq;fs muR ntw;wpngw;W jhf;fte;j gilapdUk; jg;gpr; nrd;wpUg;ghh;fNsahdhy;> ,e;jj; jhf;FjYf;Fk; rpq;fsg; gilf;Fk; rk;ge;jkpy;iy vd;W rpq;fs muR $wpapUf;Fk;. ehd;F - Ie;J gilapdh; nfhz;l rpWFOthfg; Gypfspd; fl;Lg;ghl;Lg; gFjpf;Fs; Eioe;J jhf;Fjy;fs; elhj;jpte;j gilapdh; ,g;NghJ gy lrpd;fzf;fpy; CLUtpj;jhf;Fjy; elhj;j Kad;Ws;sdh;. rkhjhdg; Ngr;Rf;fSf;Fg; Gj;Japh; Cl;Ltjw;fhf xl;Lf; FOf;fspd; MAjq;fis kfpe;j muR fisaNtz;Lk; vd;W rh;tNjr ehLfNs NfhhptUfpd;wd. Mdhy;> MAjf;fisT vd;w Ngr;rpw;Nf ,lkpy;iy vd;W rpq;fsj;jpd; rkhjhdr; nrayfg; gzpg;ghsNu cWjpg;glf; $wptpl;lhh;. (n jhlh;r ;r p 02k ; gf;f j;j py ;)

mtuJ ciuapy; jkpohpd; murpay; mgpyhirfs; fUj;jpy; vLf;fg;glNt apy;iy. mth;$l;ba midj;Jf;fl;rp khehl;by; jkpohpd; elhSkd;wg; gpujp epjpfSk; Nrh;j;Jf;nfhs;sg;gltpy;iy. nkhj;jj;jpy; N[.Mhpd; muirg;Nghy gpNukjhrhtpd; muirg;Nghy - re;jphpf; fhtpd; muirg;Nghy kfpe;jh; muRk; jkpohpd; ,dg;gpur;rpid njhlh;ghf fLikahd Nghpdthj epiyg;ghl; ilNa vLj;Js;sJ. G ypfs ; , af; fk ; Ngr; R Nkirf; F tukWf;f pd;w J! Gypfs; ,y;yhkNy murpaw;jPh;T fhzg;gLk;!

Gypfs; NtW kf;fs; NtW vd;W Gspj;Jg;Nghd gioa gy;ytpfisNa kfpe;jUk; jdJ ciuapy; xg;Gtpf;f Kide;Js;shh;. fle;j 30tUlfhy MAjg; Nghuhl;l murpaypy; rpq;fs muRld; Ie;J jlitfs; Gypfs; ,af;fk; Neubahfg; NgrpAs;sJ. ,e;j Ie;J Ngr;R Kaw;rpfSk; rpq;fs Ml;rpahsh; fspd; fLk;Nghf;F epiyg;ghLfshYk; -

02

,uhZtj; jpkph; j ; j dq; f spdhYk; Njhy;tpfisNa re;jpj;Js;sd.

Nehh; N t mDruizAld; ele;j gpe;jpa rkhjhd Kaw;rpapd;NghJ ,Ujug;gpw;FkpilNa xU Nghh;epWj;j cld;ghL fhzg;gl;L - mjd; mbg; gilapy; rpy ,zf;fg;ghLfSk; vl;lg; gl;bUe;jd. Mdhy;> ,tw;wpw;F kjpg; gspj;J - eilKiwg;gLj;jp rkhjhd Kaw;rpf;F cu%l;l rpq;fs muR jtwpajhy; njhlh;eJ ; NgRtjpy; mh;jj ; kpy;iy vd;W Gypfs; ,af;fk; epiyg;gh nlLj;jpUe;jJ. Nghh;epWj;j xg;ge;jj;ij eil Kiwg;gLj;Jk;gbAk; xl;Lf;FOf;fspd; MAjq;fisf; fise;J Ngr;R Kaw;rp f;Fg; Gj;Japh; Cl;Lk;gbAk; kfpe;j muir gy jlitfs; Gypfs; ,af;fk; Nfl;bUe;jJ. Mdhy;> xl;Lf;FOf;fsJ nfhiyr;nray;fis cw;rhfg;gLj;jpAk; - Mo CLUTk; gilfis Gypfspd; fl;L g;ghl;L g; gFjpf;Fs; mDg;gp GypfisAk; kf;fisAk; gLnfhiy nra;a mDkjpj;Jk; - jkpoh; jhafj;jpy; ,uhZt ml;^opaq;fis mjpfg;gLj;

xl;Lf;FOf;fspd; MAjf;fisT vd;gJ rpq;fs murpd; ,uhZt eyd;fSf;Fg; ghjf khdJ vd;W rpq;fs muR vz;Zfpd;wJ. xl;Lf; FOf;fs; epuhAjghzpfshf;fg;gl;lhy; thfNdhp Nghd;w jhf;Fjy;fis elhj;jptpl;L xl;Lf; FOf; fNs nra;jd vd;W rh;tNjrj;jpw;Fg; ngha; $WtJ rpq;fs murpw;Fr; rhj;jpakpy;yhky; Ngha; tpLk;. mNjNtis> jPhT ; Kaw;rpfs; - midj;Jf; fl;rp khehLfs;> epGzh;FOf;fs;... vd;w rpq;fs murpd; murpay; ehlfq;fSk; rh;tNjr r%fj;jpd; Kd; mk;gykhfptpLk; vd;Wk; mJ mQ;Rfpd;wJ. ,jdhNyNa xl;Lf;FOf;fspd; MAjf; fisTf;F kfpe;j muR tplhg;gpbahf kWj;J tUfpd;wJ. xl;Lf;FOf;fs; murpaYk; - jPh;TKaw;rp ehlfq;fSk; ,d;iwf;F kl;Lk; elf;ftpy;iy. rpq;fs Ml;rpahsh;fs; ,tw;iwg; gy;yhz;Lfshf elhj;jp tUfpd;wdh;. ,e;jr; #o;r;rp murpaiyj; jkpo;kf;fs; KO mstpy; Ghpe;Jitj;jpUf;fpd;wdh;. mjdhNyNa> ,d;W jkpo;kf;fs; kj;jpapy; khngUk; vOr;rp Njhd;wpAs;sJ. vdpDk;> rh;tNjr r%fj;ij Vkhw;wTk;> Fog;gTNk xl;Lf;FOf;fs; murpaiyAk; - jPh;TKaw;rp ehlfq;fisAk; rpq;fs muR muq;Nfw;w Kaw;rpf;fpd;wJ. rpq;fs murpd; ,e;j eatQ;rf Nehf;fj;ijr; rh;tNjr r%fk; Ghpe;Jnfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;gJjhd; Gypfs; ,af;fj;jpd; tpUg;gkhFk;.

Nghh;epWj;j cld;ghl;bYs;s ,uhZt mk;rq;fshd xl;Lf;FOtpd; MAjf;fisT Nghd;w tplaq;fis kl;Lk; rpq;fs muR cjhrPdk; nra;fpd;wJ vd;wpy;iy. cld;ghl;bYs;s murp ay; - nghUshjhu mk;rq;fisAk; rpq;fs muR fhypy;Nghl;L kpjpj;J tUfpd;wJ. jkpoh; jhafj;jpy; ,d;Wk; kPdg ; pbj;jil - fl;Lg;ghLfis rpq;fsf; flw;gil mKy;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. vhpnghUl;fs; vLj;Jr; nry;tij rpq;fs ,uhZtk; jLf;fpd;wJ. fl;llg; nghUl;fSf; fhd jiliaAk; gilapdh; mKy;gLj;Jfpd;wdh;. ,jdhy;> rh;tNjr njhz;lh; epWtdq;fsstpyhd kdpjhgpkhdg; gzpfs; $l jkpoh; epyj;jpy; jilg;gl;Lg;NghAs;sd. ,e;jtifapy; rkhjhdfhy ed;ikfs; vtw;iwANk jkpo; kf;fs; rhpahf mDgtpf;ftpy;iy vd;gNj cz;ikahFk;. rkhjhd fhyj;jpYk; rpq;fs murpd; eatQ;rfkhd ,uhZtj; jhf;Fjy;fshy; jkpo;kf;fs; mopitAk; - ,lg;ngah;TfisAk; - mfjp tho;f;iffisANk mDgtpj;JtUfpd;wdh;. jkpohpd; ,uhZt gyk;jhd; jkpopdj;jpw;F epk;kjpahd tho;f;ifiaAk; - epue;jukhd njhopy;fisAk; - nfsutkhd ,Ug;igAk; toq;Fk; vd;gNj ,d;iwa ajhh;jj ; khFk;. rpq;fsj; jpd; ,uhZtr; rjpfisAk; - mjDila murpaw; #o;rr ; pfisAk; vjph;nfhz;L xU epue;ju tpLjiyf;fhfj; jkpo;kf;fs; midtUk; xd;WgLtNj ,d;iwa fhyj;jpd; mtrpa NjitahFk;. xw;Wik Ak; - gyKk;jhd; jkpohpd; jiytpjpiaj; jPh;khdpf;Fk; jhuf ke;jpuq;fshFk;. jpAk; mikjpr;R+oiy kfpe;j muNr Nghl;Lilj;Js;sJ. ,yq;if ,dg;gpur;rpidf;fhd murpay;jPh;T GypfSld; Neubahfg; NgrpNa fhzg;glKbAk; vd;gNj rh;tNjr ehLfspd; epiyg;ghLkhFk;.

Gypfisg; Gwe;js;sptpl;L ve;;j xU murpaw; jPh;itAk; kfpe;j murhy; fhz KbahJ. ,j;jifa FUl;Lj;jdkhd Kaw;rpfis Kd;dh; re;jphpfh mk;ik ahUk; Nkw;nfhz;L gLNjhy;tp fz;l Jld; - ,dg;gpur;rpidia Nkd;NkYk; rpf;fyhf;fpAs;shh; vd;w cz;ikiaAk; kfpe;j uh[gf;r czuNtz;Lk;. xw;iwahl;rpf;Fs; jPh;T vd;w kfpe;jhpd; rpe;jid ntWk; fw;gidf; fijahFk;. jkpo;kf;fSf;F vj;jifa jPh;it toq;Ftnjd;W> jkpoh; jug;ig xJf;fptpl;L> rpq;fsf; fl;rpfs; kl;LNk xd;W$bj; jPh;khdpg;gJ vd;gJk; xU Nfypf;$j;jhd nrayhFk;. xw;iw Ml;rp vd;w Fz;Lr; rl;bf;Fs; rpq;fsg; Nghpdthjpfs; tpUk;gpagb FjpiuNahl;l Gypfs; ,af;fk; vd;iwf;Fk; cld;glkhl;lhJ.

rkhjhdk; - kdpjhgpkhdk; tpOkpaq;fs; vd;W re;jphpfh mk;ik ahiug; N ghy kfpe; j Uk; Kjiyf; fz;zPh; tbj;J ciuahw;Wtjhy; ve;jg; gaDk; Vw;glg;Nghtjpy;iy. jkpohpd; ,dg;gpur;ridf;F mikjptopapy; murpaw; jPh;T fhz Ntz;Lk; vd;W kfpe;j muR cz;ik ahfNt tpUk;gpdhy; Vw;fdNt cs;s Nghh;epWj;j cld;ghl;bw;F mtuJ muR Gj;Japh; mspf;f Kd;tuNtz;Lk;. mjd;gpd;dh;> Gypfs; ,af;fk; rpq;fs murplk; rkh;g;gpj;Js;s ,ilf;fhyj; jd;dhl;rp mjpfhurigia mbg;gil ahff; nfhz;L murpaw; Ngr;Rf;F Kd;tuNtz;Lk;. mt;tpjk; kfpe;jhpd; muR Kd;te;jhy; mth;fSld; Ngr Gypfs; ,af;fk; jahuhf cs;sJ. Gypfspd; ,e; j murpay; epiyg;ghl;il Vw;f kWj;J jk;top nry;y kfpe;j muR Kaw;rpj;jhy; Gypfs; ,af;fKk; jdptopnrd;W jkpohpd; murpay; tpLjiyia ntd;nwLf;fg; ghLgLk;.

Mdp - Mb> 2006

f

Lfj;jid ,r; rpd;dk; rpW Njrj;jpd; GOjp gbe;j %iy KLf;Ffspy; ,d;W elg;gij kiyaj;jid ngd;dk; ngU rUtNjr ehLfs; tpag;NghLk;> E}jdj;NjhLk; ghh;jJ ; f;nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. cyfpy; cjt vtUk; Kd;tuhj> xUehs; vd;wpy;yhky; ve;ehSk; tijgLk; ,t;tpdk; jd;idj;jhNd jw;fhj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhd Nghhpay; tYitg; ngWtjw;fhf ,uhZtg; gapw;rpngWk; fhl;rpf;Nfhyq;fs; cyfpd; kyUk; kdijj; njhLfpd;wd. \\\\kyUk; epidTfshfTk;|||| mit cyfpd; Kd; tphpfpd;wd. 21Mk; E}w;whz;bYk; Nghuhl;lr; #oiyj; jf;fitj;J 18> 19> 20Mk;

E}w;whz;Lfspy; gy;NtW ehLfspy; tphpe;j tpLjiyf;fhd Nghh;r; nraw;ghLfis kPsTk; GJg;gpf;Fk; gjpg;gpj;jy; gzpiag; Gypfs; \\fUkNk fz;zhf|| Nkw;nfhs;tij cyfk; fhz;fpd;wJ. vy;yh ehLfspYNk ntt;NtW fhyfl;lq;fspy; ntt;NtW gpd;dzpapy; ntt;NtW khjphpfspy; tpLjiyr;Nrid jPll ; g;gl;lij tuyhW gjpe;Js;sJ. ,q;fpyhe;J Vfhjpgj;jpaj;jpw;F vjpuhf mnkhpf;f khepyq;fspy; kf;fs; Nghh; tPuh;fshfj; jpul;lg;gl;lik> ,e;jpa tpLjiyf;fhf fhe;jp> gfj;rpq; Nghd;Nwhh; vjpnujph; epiyfspy; mzpjpul;baik> <uhdpy; gpuhd;rpypUe;J nfhz;Nl Maj;Jy;yh nfhNkdp ,];yhkpa kj ek;gpf;ifapd; mbg;gilapy; kf;fis mzpjpul;baik tpal;dhkpy;> rPdhtpy;> fpA+ghtpy;> epf;fuFthtpy;> Nrhtpaj;jpy; Gul;rpfur; Nridfshf kf;fs; ghpzkpj;j tpjk;; jw;NghJ Neg;ghs khNthaprthjpfs; twpa kf;fis mzpjpul;b Nghuhspfshf cUthf;fpa Kiw vd ePSk; ,t; tuyhw;W thpirapy; jkpoPoKk; ,Wjpahf ,ize;Js;sJ. fhyj;jpw;Nfw;g> #oYf; N fw; g kf; f s; gilapd; mDgtq; f is khw; w paikj; J j; jkpoP o k; ,g; n ghOJ tpLjiyg; g zpia Nkw; n fhs; f pd; w J. Gul;rpfu tpLjiyg;Nghhpd; tPuk; nrwpe;j tpisepyq;fshf Nrhtpaj; (md;iwa) tpal;dhk;> rPdh Nghd;wit mikfpd;wd. vdpDk; tpal;dhkpd; Kd;DjhuzNk vkf;Fg; gad;glj;jf;fdthff; fUjyhk;. tpal;dhkpd; cd;djj; jiyth;fshd Nfhrpkpd;> n[duy; fpahg; Nghd;Nwhhpd; fUj;Jf;fs; ehk; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sj;jf;fd. tpal;dhk; jdf;nfd xU ,uhZtr; rpe;jid kuigf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,k; kuG kpf ePSk; Mf;fpukpg;ghsUf;F vjpuhfg; Nghuhba ghq;fpypUe;J gpwf;fpd;wJ. mt;tuyhw;wpd; tpisnghUshf ,d;iwa Nrhrypr tpaldhkpaf; FbauR tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. njd;fpof;fhrpahtpd; xNunahU fl;rp Ml;rp Kiwiaf;nfhz;l nghJTlik munrd ,d;wsTk; $wg;gLk; tpal;dhk; ,g; gpuhe;jpaj;jpd; kpf Ntfkhf tsUk; nghUz;kpaj;ijf; nfhz;ljhfTs;sJ. 2020Mk; Mz;lstpy; ,JnthU tsh;rr; paile;j ehLfspd; thpirapy; ,lk;ngWk; vd Ma;thsh;fs; mwpf;ifapLfpd;wdh;. vdNt ,j;jifa tpal;dhkpd; md;iwa #oy; ,d;W vkf;F Kw;wpYkhfg; nghUe;jhtpl;lhYk; mjd; mbg;gil tpLjiyg;Nghuhl;l mzpaikg;G vkf;Fg; gad;jUk; gbg;gpidahf mikAk;. vdNt tpal;dhkpd; ntw;wpapd; ,ufrpankd;d? mjd; ,uhZtr; rpe;jid vd;d? tpal;ehkpd; Gfo; G+j;j ,uhZtj; jsgjp fpahg; nrhy;fpwhh;> \\13Mk; E}w;whz;bYk; 20Mk; E}w;whz;bYk; kw;Wk; ek;kpYk; typadTk; nghpadTkhd me;epa Mf;fpukpg;Gg; gilfis vjph;jJ ; g; Nghhpl;L ntd;W tho;eJ ; tsh;ej ; vkJ KO tuyhw;wpYk; ekJ kf;fs; ngw;w ntw;wpapd; cz;ikahd ,ufrpak; tUkhW. ehk; midj; J kf; f spdJk; ehl; L g; gw; w pidr; rhh; e ; J epd; N whk; . ehL KOtJk; jd; Mw; w iy KOikahf ntspf; n fhzu KO tha; g ; g spj; N jhk; .

KOj; Njrj; j pidAk; vOr; r p ngWkhW jpul; b Ndhk; . vjph; g ; G g; Nghhpy; ehL

Mdp - 2006

KOtjd; midj; J Kd; Kaw; r pfisAk; ,izj; N jhk; .

NridfisAk; kf; f spd; MAjg; gilfisAk; ikag; g ilahff; nfhz; L midj; J kf; f spd; vOr; r piaAk; kf; f s; Aj; j j; j pidAk; elj; j pNdhk; . Gul; r papd; midj; J f; flikfspYk; kf; f Ns mjw; F j; jplkhd mbg; g ilahf mikfpd; w hh; f s; . kf; f spd; murpay; gilfNs MAjg; g ilfspd; jplkhd mbj; j skhFk; . kf; f spd; MAjg; gilfNs Gul; r pr; N ridapd; jplkhd mbg; g ilahFk; . vdNt Gul; r pfug;

Njrpa tPudhff; fUjg;gLk; buhd; Fthf; Jthd; (Tran Quoc Tuan) \\xt;nthUtUk; Nghh; tPuuhtJ|| \\Njrk; KOtJk; gilfspy; Nrh;tJ|| vd;fpw mbg;gilapy; nraw;gl;L fpuhkf; fhtw;gilfs;> gpuhe;jpag; gilfs; Nghd;wtw;wpidg; gad;gLj;jpg; Nghhpd; njhlf;fj;jpypUe;J KbTtiu epue;jug;gilia xd;WFtpj;J rz;ilfis elj;Jk;Ntis Mq;fhq;F ,j;jifa kf;fs; gilfisf; nfhz;Ltpj;J rpW jhf;Fjy;fisj; njhLj;J mtw;iwAk; ,izj;Jf;nfhz;lhh;. Nridf;F Kf;fpa ghj;jpuKk;> jPhk ; hdpf;Fk; jpwDk; typAWj;jg;gl;lnghOJk; ngUk;

~~ehk;midj J ; kf f;spdJk ;ehl L ; gg ; ww ; pidr ; rhhe ;J ; epd N ; whk .; ehL KOtJk ;jd ;Mw w ; iy KOikahf ntspf n ; fhzu KO tha g ;g ; spj;Njhk;. KOj ; Njrj j;pidAk ;vOr r; p ngWkhW jpul;bNdhk;. vjph;gG ; g; Nghhpy ;ehL KOtjd ;midj J ; Kd ;Kaw r; pfisAk ; ,izj N ; jhk;. NridfisAk ;kf f;spd ;MAjg ; gilfisAk ;ikag ;gilahff ;nfhz L ; midj J ; kf f;spd ;vOr r; piaAk ;kf f;s ;Aj j;j j;pidAk ; elj j;pNdhk.;|| - n[duy

NghUf; F f; fzprkhd gilfis cWjpnra; J nfhs; s kf; f s; Aj; j j; j pd; kfj; j hd Mw; w iyg; gad; g Lj; j pf; nfhs; s g; Gul; r pfu murpay; Nridiaf; fl; l g; ghLgLjy; mtrpakhFk; . tpal;dhkpd; Gul;rpfu ,uhZtr; rpe;jid gioa Nghh; kugpd; Nth;fspypUe;J jioj;jJ. 1940 - 1975Mk; Mz;Lf;fpilapy; gpuhd;Rf;nfjpuhfTk; gpd;dh; mnkhpf;fhtpw;F vjpuhfTk; Nghuhba jPu kugpw;F fp.K %d;whk; E}w;whz;bypUe;Nj tpal;dhk; rPd Mf;fpukpg;gpw;F ; vjpuhfg; Nghuhba tuyhW toptFj;jJ. rPd Mf;fpukpg;gpd; nghOJ nfhy;yg;gl;lthpd; Jiztpah; (luq; rNfhjupfs; (Trung Sisters vdg;gLth;) fp.K 39Mk; Mz;Nl mzpNrh;eJ ; Nghuhba tuyhw;wpid tpal;dhk; vg;NghJk; epidtpy; itj;Js;sJ. fp.gp 10Mk; E}w;whz;lstpy; rPd Mf;fpukpg;gpw;F vjpuhfg; Nghuhb ntw;wp ngw;w nghOJk; 13Mk; E}w;whz;lstpy; nkhq;NfhypaUf;F vjpuhfg; Nghhpl;lNghJk; jq;fspd; Nghh; kuG Njhw;Wtpl;ljhf fpahg; nrhy;fpd;whh;. Fwpg;ghf 13Mk; E}w;whz;by;

;fpahg;-

vz;zpf;ifapyhd MAjk; jhq;fpa kf;fSk; ngUk; gq;fhw;wpdh;. ,f; fhyfl;lj;jpy; tpal;dhkpd; ,U gonkhopfs; cUthfpd \\xt;nthUtUk; Nghh; tPudhtJ|| \\vjphp ek; tPli ; l neUq;fpdhy; ngz;fs;$l rz;il nra;aNtz;Lk;|| ,f;fhyfl;lk; gw;wp fpahg; Fwpg;gpLifapy; \\mth;fs; kiyg;gFjpfspy; vjphpg; gilfisj; jLj;J topkwpj;jdh;. gytPdg;gLj;jp mopj;jdh;. fopKfg; gFjpfspYk; Nghhpl;ldh;. me;je;j ,lq;fspy; vjphpAld; Nkhjpdh;. jj;jk; fpuhkq;fisj; jsq;fshfg; gad;gLj;jpdh;. vjphpf;F vJTk; fpl;lhJ kiwj;jdh;. ntwpr;Nrhba tPLfisAk;> xd;WNkapy;yhj Njhl;lq;fisANk vjphpf;F tpl;Lr;nrd;wdh;|| rz;ilf; fpuhkq;fs;| vd;fpw vd;fpd;whh;. \rz; tof;F ,t;thW mq;F cUthdJ. ,j;jifa gpd;dzpapNy 19Mk; E}w;whz;bd; gpw;gFjpapy; gpuhd;rpahpd; Mjpf;fj;jpw;Fs; rpf;fpagpd; 1920fspy; nghJTlikf; fl;rpia cUthf;fp Nfhrpkpd; fpahg;gpd; JizNahL kf;fs; gilapid mLj;j ghpkhzj;jpw;F efh;jj ; pdhh;. tpal;dhkpd; ,uhZtr; rpe;jidnad;gJ>

~~xt n ; thU FbkfDk ;j u Pkpf;f Nghuhspahf Ntz L ; k .; xt n ; thU fpuhkKk ;my y ; J tl l;huKk ;my y ; J njUTk ;muzhf Ntz L ; k .; xt n ; thU njhopy ;epWtdKk ;tptrhag ;gz i;zfSk ; kf f;spd ;tpepNahf mbj j;skhf Ntz L ; k .; ,t t;hW ehL KOtijAk ;ngUk ;Nghh f; f;skhf khw w ; p vej; Mf f;pukpg g ; hshf;isAk ;Jilj n ; jwpa KbAk .;||

- f.Nt.ghyFkhud; kf;fs; xw;Wikg;gl;L Nghh;gg ; apw;rp ngw;W Nghh; tPuuhfp MAjk; jhpj;J epue;jur; NridNahL ,ize;J NghuhLjy; vd;whdJ. Nfhrpkpd;dpd; Gfo;ngw;w thh;ji ; jfspit \\xt; xt; n thU FbkfDk; jP u kpf; f Nghuhspahf Ntz; L k; . xt; n thU fpuhkKk; my; y J tl; l huKk; my; y J njUTk; muzhf Ntz; L k; . xt; n thU njhopy; epWtdKk; tptrhag; gz; i zfSk; kf; f spd; tpepNahf mbj; j skhf Ntz; L k; . ,t; t hW ehL KOtijAk; ngUk; Nghh; f ; f skhf

khw; w p ve; j Mf; f pukpg; g hsh; f isAk; Jilj;njwpa KbAk;. Njrj;jpd; 3Nfhb 10 ,yl;rk; kf;fSk; mnkhpf;f Mf;fpukpg;ghsh;fSf;F vjpuhf %d;W Nfhb gj;J ,yl;rk; jPug; Nghuhspfshjy; Ntz;Lk;|| ,jidj; njhFj;J fpahg; nrhy;fpd;whh;. ,e; j ,uhZtr; rpe; j idiaf; nfhz; L \\,e; xU rpwpaehL Rje; j puj; j pw; F k; > tpLjiyf; F khd jdJ eP j pahd Nghhpy; nghpa Mf; f pukpg; g hsh; f isj; Njhw;fbf;f KbAk;||| | ,t;thWjhd; 1954Mk; Mz;L> ij 07Mk; jpfjp jpad; gpad;G+rkhpy; tpal;dhkpah; gpuhd;ir ntd;wdh;. ,r; rkhpy; kf;fspd; gq;fspg;G gpukpf;fj;jf;fJ. tlNkw;F tpal;dhkpd; %iyapy;> yhNthR ehl;bw;F mUfpy; neUq;fKbahj ,aw;if muzhf Mw;Wg; gs;sj;jhf;if mz;b mikf;fg;gl;l gpnuQ;Rg; gilj;jsk; Kwpabf;fg;gLtjw;F xUrpy Mapuk; NghuhspfNshL gy;yhapuk; kf;fs; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;jikNa fhuzk;. gy E}w;Wf;fzf;fhd iky; J}uk; Gjpa tpepNahfg; ghij mikj;J 105 kpy;ypkPww ; h; gPuq;fpfs;> 37 kpy;ypkPww ; h; tpkhd vjph;gG ; r; RLfyd;fs; cl;gl 250,w;F Nkw;gl;l fduf MAjq;fis kf;fs; vLj;Jr;nrd;w tuyhW ,d;wsTk; epidtpy; gRikahf cs;s fhl;rpahFk;. ,t;thwhf ePSk; tpal;dhk; tuyhW ,d;W ek;gKbahj fdthftpUf;fyhk;. fhyj;jhy; fUj;jhy; ,aw;if mikthy;> #oikthy; murpaw; #oyhy; NtWgLk;. vdNt tpal;dhk; tuyhW mJ Ngr;rhf ,Ue;j ; hYk;> NghuhftpUe;jhYk; ekf;Fg; Nghjpg;gdthfNt mikAk;. mNjNtis \\kf; kf; f Sf; F ,uhZtg; gapw; r p nfhLj; J mth; f is MAjghzpahf; F k; nghOJ fz; % bj; j dkhfr; nraw; g Lk; Nghf; f pidf; iftply; > MAjj; jahhpg;Gg; gzpapy; <LgLk; ciof;Fk; kf; f spil md; w hl murpay; gzp nra; t ij Gwf; f zpf; F k; Nghf; f pw; F vjpuhfg; NghuhlNtz;Lk;.|| vd fpahg; $wpaJk; ehk; fUj;jpy; nfhs;sNtz;baJjhd;. vdNt epue;jug; gilazp myFfSf;fg;ghy; kf;fisr; rpW fue;jbg;gilf; FOthf> jw;fhg;Gg; gilahf> gpuNjrg; gilfshf kf;fs; gilazp fl;lg;gl;l Kiwikapid vkJ epiy> #oy;> fUj;jpw;Nfw;g khw;wpg; gad;gLj;j KbAk;.

NkYk; mwpTiuahf fpahg; nrhy;fpd;whh;. \\,uhZt mikg;Gg; gw;wpa mDgtf; ,f;nfhs;if xU Njrj;jpd; \\mDgtf; fsQ; r paj; j py; ,Ug; g jpy; kjpg; G kpf; f MAjkhFk;.|| ekf;Fk; vjphpf;Fk; ,ilapy; elf;Fk; frg;ghd Nghuhl;lj;jpy; ehk; vg;NghJk; jpl;ltl;lkhd tuyhw;W epiyikia xt;nthU fl;lj;jpYk; mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L ,uhZtf; Nfhl;ghl;bid eilKiwg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j mbg;gilapy; vk; jha; ehl;ilf; fhj;jpl vk; kf;fs; Kd;te;J ciog;gijNa ,f;fl;Liuapd; njhlf;fj;jpy; $wpaJNghy; rh;tNjrk; fhz;fpd;wJ. kf;fisAk; GypfisAk; md;dpag;gLj;j tpUk;gpNahh; ,dpNky; kf;fs; ahh;? Gypfs; ahh;? vd;gij mwptjw;Nf KidaNtz;ba epiy. tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lj;jpd; ,d;iwa ghpkhzkpJ. gioa Nth;fspy; Gjpa jsph;fs;.

03

,yq;if murpaypy; ,dg;gpur;rpidf;Fj; jPh;T fhz;gJ rk;ge;jkhd gpufldq;fs;> tl;lNkir kfhehLfs;> rh;tfl;rp kfh ehLfs;> Mizf;FOf;fs;> epGzh; FOf;fs; midj;Jf; fl; r pfSf; F kpilNaahd nghJ cld;ghLfs;> xg;ge; jq;fs;> jPh;Tj; jpl;lq;fs; vd;gd Nghd;w midj;Jg; gjq;fisAk; tplaq;fis Ak; mh;j;jkw;wit vd;W th;zpg;gJ$lj; jtW> khwhf ,it midj;JNk vjph; k iwahdit vd; W $WtNj rhpahdJ. ,yq; i f [dhjpgjpahf

Kd;te;J xU jPhi ; t kf;fs; kj;jpapy; Kd;itj;J mjw;F mth; Mjuitj; jpul;lNtz;baJjhd; mt uJ Kjw;gzp. my;yJ mth; jdJ fl;rpapd; jPhi ; t Kd; itf;f Ntz;Lk;> my;yJ mth; jdJ murhq;fj;jpd; jPh;it Kd;itf;f Ntz; Lk; . ,e; j %d; i wANkh my; y J ,e; j %d; w py; VNjh xd;iwNaDk; Kd; itf;fhj xU Njh;en ; jLf;fg; gl;l jiythplkpUe;J vijj;jhd; vjph;ghh;f;f Kb Ak;.

cs;s jpU.kfpe;j uh[gf;~ jw; N ghJ midj; J f; f l; r p kfhehL> epGzh;FO Gw cUt jPh;Tj;jpl;l tiuit jahhpj;jy; Nghd;w %d;W murpdJ tpflftpfis jdJ ehlf Nkilf; F f; nfhz;Lte;Js;shh;. jkpo; kf;fs; rk;ge;jkhd ,j;j ifa tpflftp ehlff; fhl;rpfs; rpq;fs murpaypy; xd;Wk; Gjpjy;y. xUNtis Ml;rpahsh;fSf;F neUf; fbfs; Vw;gLk;NghJ murhq; fj;jpw;F ,wf;fg;gLk; ,j;j ifa tpflftpj; j dkhd fhl;rpfs; Ml;rpahsh;fSf;F Vw;gLk; cldb neUf;fb fisj; jzpf; f Kjypy; cjTtJld; kWtskhf ,j;jifa ehlff; fhl;rpfs; gpur;rpidia Xh; vjph;kiw ahd me;jiyf;F ,l;Lr; nrd;Wk; tpLfpd;wd.

cjhuzk; xd;iw Nehf;F Nthk;. jw;Nghija mnk hpf;f [dhjpgjp jpU.N[hr; G~; ,e;jpahTld; mZj; njhopEl; g g; ghpkhw; w k; rk;ge;jkhd Xh; xg;ge;jk; xd;wpy; Kjypy; ifnaOj; jpl;lhh;. mnkhpf;fg; Nguhaj; jpy; mt;nthg;ge;jj;jpw;F MjuT fpilg; g J fbd

fle; j miu E}w; whz;bw;F Nkyhd rpq;fs murpay; tuyhw;wpy; ahuh tJ xU rpq;fsj; jiyth; ,ja Rj; j pAld; jhNd Kd;te;J xU jPhi ; t kf;fs;

Kd; d piyapy; Kd; i tj; Js; s huh? ,y; i y vd; w gjpiy xU rpWgps;is$lg; gl; n ldr; nrhy; y ptpLk; .

KO cyfpd; murpay; eil Kiwg; Nghf;fpd;gb ghh;j; jhy; epiwNtw;W mjpfhuk; nfhz;l Ml;rpj; jiytuh apUf;Fk; uh[gf;~ jdf; Fhpa nghWg;gpd; gbAk;> jd; gjtpf;Fhpa jw;JzpT mjpfhuj;jpd; gbAk; jhNd

04

mz;ikf;fhyr; rpW

khtPuh; jpd ciuAk; jkpoPo kf;fisg; nghWj;jtiuapy; czh;rr ; pG+h;t epfo;thfTk;> nfhs;ifg; gpufld ciu ahfTk; mikfpd;wd. mNj Ntis khtPuh;jpd ciu ahdJ cs;ehl;L> ntsp ehl; L hP j pahd murpay; muq;fpYk; Clf muq;fpYk; mt;Tiu tpLjiyg; Gyp fsJ cj;jpNahfG+h;t nfhs;ifg; gpufld ciu ahf mtjhdpf;fg;gLfpd; wJ. mjhtJ gphpj;jhdpah tpy; kd;duJ rpk;khrdg; gpurq;f ciuNghy> ,yq; ifapy; [dhjpgjpapd; nfhs;ifg; gpufld ciu Nghy> jkpoPoj;jpy; Njrpaj;

jiytuJ khtPuh;jpd ciu ahdJ fle;j fhyq;fspYk; rhp ,dpNky; tug;NghFk; fhyq; f spYk; tpLjiyg; Gypfspd; KOeP s cj; j p NahfG+h; t > mjpfhuG+h; t nfhs;ifg; gpufld ciu ahf tbtk; ngw;Ws;sJ. ,jd;gb ghh;f;ifapy; 2004 Mk; Mz; L khtP u h; j pd

nkd;W ek;gg;gl;l gpd;dzp apy; G~; mjw;Ff; ifnaOj; jpl; L tpl; L mt; n thg; g e; jj;ij Kw;wpYk; epahag; gLj; j p MjuT jpul; l j; njhlq;fpdhh;. mjpy; mth; ntw;wpKfk; nfhz;lhh;. jpU. uh[gf;~ mt;thwhd xU eilKiwg; Nghf;ifr; rpwp Jk; iff;nfhs;shky; rh;t fl; r pg; nghJ cld; g hL

ciuapy; vOg;gg;gl;Ls;s Kf;fpakhd xU Nfhhpf;if ,q; F ftdj; j pw; F hpaJ. mjhtJ>

vd;Wk;> epGzh;FO vd;Wk; ehlfkhLfpwhh;.

Ntz;LNfhis Kd;itf;f tpUk;GfpwJ. mjhtJ jkpo; kf;fsJ ,dg;gpur;rpidapd; mbg;gilfs; Fwpj;J mth; fsJ %yhjhuf; Nfhhpf;if fshd jhafk;> Njrpak;> Ra eph; z a chpik Fwpj; J cq;fsJ fl;rpfspd; nfhs;if epiyg;ghl;bid mjpfhuG+h;tkhfg; gfpuq;fg; gLj;Jq;fs;|| vd;gNj.

jkpo;kf;fsJ ,dg; gpur;rpid ,g;NghJ epGzh; tprhuizf;FO mikg;G tptfhuky;y. khwhf nfhs; ifj; jPh;khdk; gw;wpa gpur; rpidNaahFk;. khtP u h; jpdKk; > jkpoPoj; Njrpaj; jiytuJ

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- rhuzd; -

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jkpo; N gRk; kf; f s; xU NghJk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;s khl;lhh;fs;. jkpoPo kf;fsJ msg; g hpa jpahfq; f spd; gpd;Gk;> msg;ghpa ,og;Gf; fspd; gpd; G k; uh[gf; ~ murhq; f j; j pd; tpflftp ehlfr; fhl;rpfis jkpo; kf; f s; rpdj; J lNdNa Nehf;Ffpd;wdh;.

Mdp - Mb> 2006

mikjptopapy; murpay; jPhT ; NjLk; tha;gG ; fs; ,dpNky; mwNt ,y;iy vd;gNj kf;fspd; ek;gpf;ifahf khwptpl;lJ. murpay; Ngr;Rf;fisr; rpq;fs muR rpwpJk; tpUk;gtpy;iy vd;gJk;> mjdhy; rkhjhd Kaw;rp xU kpdf;nfl;l Ntiy vd;Wk; jkpo;kf;fspd; mgpg;gpuhaq;fshf khwptpl;ld. rh;tNjr mOj;jq;fSf;Fk; rpq;fs muR rpwpJk; nrtprha;ff ; tpy;iy. rpq;fs murpd; ,e;jf; fLk;Nghf;F murpay; epiyg;ghl;bw;Fr; rh;tNjr r%fKk; jz;lidnfhLf;f tpUk;gtpy;iy vd;w murpay; ajhh;jj ; Kk; jkpo;kf;fis ,j;jifanjhU ,Wjp Kaw;rpf;Fs; js;sptpl;lJ. Nehh;Nt mDruizAld; rkhjhdg; Ngr;Rf;fs; njhlq;fpa Muk;gf; fl;lj;jpy; jPhT ; Kaw;rpfs; rhj;jpak; vd;W ek;gpath;fSk; ,g;NghJ ek;gpf;if ,oe;Jtpl;ldh;. rpq;fs muirg; Nghd;Nw rh;tNjr r%fKk; rkhjhd Kaw;rpfis xU eatQ;rf murpay; fha; efh;jj ; y;fshfNt fUjpr; nraw;gl;lJ jkpo;kf;fisf; Nfhgj;jpw;Fs;shf;fpAs;sJ. jkpohpd; murpay; tpLjiyf;fhd midj;Jtif rhj;tf P g; Nghuhl;lq;fSk; jPhe ; J ; Nghd epiyapy; MAjg;Nghuhl;lk; Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;L

Kd;nkhopa Kidfpd;wJ. mz;ikapy; ,e;jpaj; njhiyf;fhl;rp xd;wpw;F kfpe;j uh[gf;r toq;fpa nrt;tpapy; ,ijNa mth; typAWj;jpAs;shh;. tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lj;jpd; tsh;rr ; p epiyia ntspf;fhl;ba Nghh;epWj;j xg;ge;jk; %yk; rkgyk;> rk jPhg ; G ; vd;w ,uhZt murpay; ajhh;jj ; q;fisr; rh;tNjrj;jpd; Kd;dpiyapNyNa Vw;Wf;nfhz;l rpq;fs muR> ,g;NghJ mit midj;ijAk; iftpl;Ltpl;L> kPzL ; k; Kg;gJ tUlq;fs; gpd;Nd nrd;W> gioa jkpo;j; jiyikfNs epuhfhpj;j xw;iwahl;rpf; Nfhl;ghLfis ,g;NghJ Kd;itf;f tpUk;Gfpd;wJ. jkpohpd; jhafkhd tlf;F> fpof;fpy; Vwf;Fiwa vOgJ tpOf;fhl;L epyk; Gypfspd; ,uhZtf; fl;Lg;ghl;bNyNa ,d;Ws;sJ. ,e;j epyg;gFjpfspnyy;yhk; Gypfspd; eilKiw munrhd;W Mokhff; fhy;gjpj;Js;sJ. njd; ,yq;ifapy; eilKiwapYs;s rpq;fs murpd; eph;thf ,ae;jpuj;Jld; xg;gpLifapy; kpfTk; Kd;Ndw;wfukhd xU eph;thf mikg;igg; Gypfs; ,af;fk; nrk;ikahf elhj;jptUfpd;wJ. ,e;j cz;ikiar; rh;tNjr mtjhdpfshf tpsq;Fk; njhz;L epWtdq;fSk; ntspehl;L Clftpayhsh;fSk; Vw;Wf;nfhz;L - gjpthf;fpAKs;sdh;.

Gypfspd; gilgyKk; jiu fly; - thd; vd;W gue;J - gy;fpg; ngUfpAs;sJ. ntw;wpfis Ntfg;gLj;Jk; fUk;Gypfs; mzpAk; ngUtsh;rr ; p fz;Ls;sJ. vd;Wkpy;yhj tifapy; jkpo;kf;fspd; NguhjuTk; ngUk; gq;fspg;Gk; Gypfs; ,af;fj;jpw;F fpilj;JtUfpd;wJ. murpay; ,uhZt - nghUshjhuk; vd;w Kj;jsj;jpy; jkpohpd; tpLjiyg;Nghuhl;lk; cWjpahd epiyia vl;bAs;sJ. ,e;epiyapy;> rh;tNjr murpay; Mjuitj; NjLk; tifapy; xU ePzl ; > murpay; Ngr;Rthh;ji ; jfSld; $ba rkhjhd Kaw;rpfspYk; Gypfs; ,af;fk; gq;Nfw;wJ. ,e;jg; Ngr;R Nkirfspy; rh;tNjr r%fj;ijf; fhl;rpf;F itj;Jf;nfhz;L rpq;fs muRld; gy;NtW tifahd murpay; cld;ghLfisr; nra;jpUe;jJ. Mdhy; xd;iwAk; rpq;fs muR eilKiwg;gLj;jpf;fhl;l Kd;tutpy;iy. uzpy; murhq;fk; re;jpupf;fh murhq;fk; - kfpe;j murhq;fk; vd;W rpq;fsj; jug;gpy; Ml;rpfs;

Kg;gJ tUlq;fs; Kbe;Jtpl;ld.

MdhYk; rpq;fs muNrh ,g;NghJk; xw;iwahl;rpj; jj;Jtj;jpNyNa ek;gpf;if itj;Js;sJ. khfhzrig Nghd;nwhU miuFiwj; jPhT ; j;jpl;lj;ijNa ,g;NghJk; kfpe;j muR jkpoh;fF ;

khwpdNt md;wp - rkhjhd Kaw;rpfSf;Fr; rhjfkhfr; rpq;fsj;J murpay; khwtpy;iy. ek;gpf;if juf;$ba murpay; Kd;Ndw;wq;fis vjph;ghh;j ; J ; f; fhj;jpUe;j jkpo;kf;fSf;F> ehd;fiu tUlj;jpd; gpd;> kPzL ; k; rpq;fsg;

fle;j rpy khjq;fshfj; jkpo;kf;fs; kj;jpapy; vOe;Js;s jPtpu murpay; vOr;rp rpq;fs muirj; jpifg;gpDs; Mo;jj ; pAs;sJ. ,e;j kf;fs; vOr;rpiaf; fz;L rh;tNjr r%fKk; tpag;gile;Js;sJ. ehd;fiu tUl rkhjhd Kaw;rpfs; if$lhj epiyapy;> mikjptop murpaypy; ek;gpf;if ,oe;j epiyapy; jkpo;kf;fs; mLj;j fl;lj;jpDs; - ,Wjpf; fl;lj;jpDs; EioAk; Kaw;rpahf ,g;NghJ Nghh; vOr;rp nfhz;Ls;sdh;. taJ NtWghLfs; - ghy; NtWghLfSf;F mg;ghy; midj;J kf;fSk; MAjk; J}f;fpg; NghuhLk; ,Wjp Kaw;rpapy; ,wq;fpAs;sdh;. fpuhkk; fpuhkkhfj; jw;fhg;Gg; Nghh;gg ; apw;rpfs; jPtpukhf Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wd. xt;nthU fpuhkj;jpYk; jw;fhg;Gg; gapw;rpfs; ngWk; kf;fspd; vz;zpf;if njhz;Z}W tpOf;fhl;ilAk; jhz;b cj;Ntfk; ngw;WtUfpd;wd.

--- R.utp ---

Nghpdthj G+jj;jpd; vOr;rpjhd; gjpyhff; fpilj;Js;sJ. \\rpq;fs Njrj;ij tpopj;njoitj;J - xd;wpizj;J GypfSf;F vjpuhfg; Nghh;Ghpa Ntz;Lk;|| vd;W N[.tp.gp ,uhZt rgjk; vLj;Js;sJ. mj;Jld; \\cldbahfNt tlf;F - fpof;F khfhzj;ij jdpahfg; gphpf;fNtz;Lk;|| vd;Wk; murpay; rgjk;

epyg;gug;ngq;Fk; fz;fhzpg;Gf;fis tpupthf;fpr; rpq;fsj;jpd; Mo CLUTk; mzpfis Ntl;ilahLk; gzpapy; <Lgl;Ls;sdh;. njhlq;f ,Uf;Fk; <og;Nghh; 04,y; rpq;fsg; gilfspd; gpujhd ,yf;F nghJkf;fs; jhd;. ,e;jg; gLnfhiyfSf;Ff; fl;bak; $WtJNghyNt mz;ikf; fhykhfj;

vLj;Js;sJ. ,g;NghJ midj;Jf;fl;rp khehL - murpay; mikg;igr; rPhj ; pUj;j MNyhridr; rig... vd;W N[.Mh; fhyj;J murpaiy kPzL ; k; xUKiw muq;Nfw;w kfpe;j uh[gf;r Kidfpwhh;. ,e;j Vkhw;W murpay; fhuzkhf rpq;fs muR kPJ> fLk; Nfhgj;Jld; jkpo;kf;fs; cs;sdh;. ,dpNky; rpq;fs muir kl;Lky;y rh;tNjr r%fj;ijAk; ek;gKbahJ vd;fpd;w kdepiyf;Fj; jkpo;kf;fs; te;Jtpl;ldh;. rkhjhdg; Ngr;Rf;fspy; ntWg;Gk; - tpuf;jpAk; mile;j jkpo;kf;fs; \\Ngr;Rf;fs; ,dp Ntz;lhk; Nghiuj; njhlq;Fq;fs;||vd;W Gypfspd; jiyikf;F ,iltplhJ Ntz;LNfhs; tpLj;J te;jdh;. ,g;NghNjh! jhNk Kd;te;J jw;fhg;Gg; gapw;rpfs; ngw;W tpLjiyg;NghUf;Fg; GJ nkUNfw;wpf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wdh;.

Mo CLUTk; gilazpiag; gad;gLj;jp Gypfspd; fl;Lg;ghl;Lg; gFjpfs;kJ P \fpisNkhh;| jhf;Fjy;fis elhj;jp GypfisAk; - kf;fisAk; rpq;fs muR gLnfhiy nra;Jte;jJ njhpe;jNjahFk;. ,j;jifanjhU nfhiy mzpia topklf;fpj; jhf;fp ,uz;L rpq;fsg; gilapdiuf; nfhd;w Njrpaj; Jizg;gil tPuh;fisAk; kf;fs;gil cWg;gpdh; xUtiuAk; Gypfs; ,af;fk; ghuhl;b kjpg;gspj;jpUe;jJ. ,e;j kf;fs; gilg;gphptpd; tPuh;fNs ,g;NghJ td;dp

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rpq;fs ,uhZtj;jpd; Nghh;Kidj; jsq;fspy; mjpfk; caukpy;yhj kpfkpf nkype;j Xuy;KfKk; kpDq;Fk; fz;Zk; nfhz;l rpw;WUtk; xd;W eLeprpapy; cyhtpj; jphpAk;. fOj;jpy; xU ePs nts;isg; gy;ypUf;Fk;. xUKiw fz;Ltpl;L kWfzk; ghh;jj ; hy; kiwe;JtpLk;. Rl;lhy; #Lgpbf;fhJ. tUtJNghy; njhpe;jhy; gpd; vg;gbg; Nghdnjd;W njhpahJ. Mapuk;Ngh; itj;Jj; NjbdhYk; fz;Zf;Fs; GydhfhJ. ,g;gbnahU gprhR rpq;fs ,uhZtj; jsj;jpy; cyTtjhff; fijapUe;jhy; mJjhd; tPukzp. tPukzpaplk; jiyKiw jiyKiwahf rypf;fhJ Nfl;ff;$ba tPuf;fijapUe;jJ. fw;gidf; fijay;y. mtNd ehafdhapUe;j fijfs;. tpflk; njhdpf;f mtd; mtpl;LtpLk; fijfs;. gr;irg; GSnfd;W nghbas; gopg;ghq;fs;. Mdhy; mj;jidAk; cz;iknad;Wk; njhpAk;. vd;d fijr; Rthurpaj;jpw;fhff; nfhQ;rk; thy; fhy; itg;ghd;.

GJg; ngbaspd;; fy;tpf;$lNk mtd; fijjhd;. ,g;NghJ mtdpd; fijia vy;yhUk; nrhy;yNtz;bajha; fhyk; rgpj;Jtpl;lJ. NfLnfl;l rhT vq;fs; tPukzpia fsKidapy; gypnfhs;s Kbahky; ntl;fk;nfl;l jdkha; flw;fiuapy; gypnfhz;lJ. mtidf; fsKidapy; re;jpf;f rhTf;Nf Jg;gpy;iy> Jzpr;rypy;iy. vg;gbj;jhd; JzpTtUk;. fsKidapy; ,Wkhg;NghL ,Uf;Fk; rhitf; Fdpe;J Fk;gpLNghlty;yth itj;jhd;. mjw;NfJ Ks;se;jz;L> mtid vjph;jJ ; epw;f. gps;isahh; jd; nfhk;ig Kwpj;Jg; ghujf;fij vOjpaJNghd;W mtd; rhtpd; Ks;se;jz;il Kwpj;jy;yth jd; Fwpg;Gg; Gj;jfj;jpy; NtTj;jfty; tiue;Jnfhz;L tUthd;. vijnad;W nrhy;tJ. %j;j jsgjp Nfzy; ghy;uh[; nrhy;fpwhh;> GypfSf;F ,Ul;lhapUe;j fpspnehr;rp ,uhZtj; jsj;ij ntspr;rkhf;fptpl;ltd; tPukzpjhd; vd;W. mth; vd;Dld; gfph;eJ ; nfhz;ltw;wpy; kwf;fKbahj fijnahd;W. rj;n[a ,uhZt eltbf;ifapd;NghJ Gypfs; fpspnehr;rpapypUe;J gpd;thq;fpa gpd; ,uhZtj;jpd; fpspnehr;rpj;js Kd;duq;ff; fhty;Ntypiaf; fz;Lgpbg;gNj fbdkhapUe;jJ. ,uhZt mtjhdpg;G epiyaq;fs;> njhlh; Nuhe;Jfs; vdf; fhtyuZf;F ntspNa vjphp ,aq;fpf;nfhz;bUe;jhd;. ,J toikahd vjphpapd; ,uhZtr; nraw;ghl;bypUe;J GJikahdjhf ,Ue;jJ. ,jdhy; Muk;gj;jpy; Kd;duq;ff; fhtyuizf; fz;Lgpbg;gNj rpukkhd gzpahapUe;jJ. neUq;ftplhJ ntspNa nraw;gl;Lf;nfhz;bUe;j ,uhZtk; jhf;fpf;nfhz;bUe;jhd;. ,e;j epyikapy; ,uhZtj; jsj;jpDs;Ns vd;d elf;fpwJ> jsj;jpd; mikg;G vg;gb> Ml;njhif vd;d> mjd; tY vd;d> gPuq;fpfs; vq;Nf vJTNk njhpahJ. NtT tPuh;fshy; cs;Eioa KbahjthW neUf;fkhd fhtyuz; njhlUk; mjpf jilfSk; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;bUe;jd.

NtTf;fhd gy Kaw;rpfs; Njhy;tpfz;ld. mg;NghJ mq;Nf tPukzp Njitg;gl;lhd;. tPukzpia mioj;J> GJikahd xU cj;jpiag; gad;gLj;jp (mij ,q;Nf Fwpg;gpLtJ NtT ,ufrpaj;ij mk;gykhf;fpLk; vd;gjhy; jtph;ff ; g;gLfpwJ) cs;Ns mDg;g KbTnra;ag;gLfpwJ. me;jr; rthyhd cj;jpf;Fr; rk;kjpj;J cs;NsNghf tPukzp rpy tPuh;fSld; jahuhfpdhd;. cs;Ns ntw;wpfukhfr; nrd;Wtpl;l tPukzpapd; mzp> ,uz;lhk; ehs; vjphpahy; Rw;wptisf;fg;gl;L mbthq;fpaJ. mjpy; mzp Fiye;J rpjwpaJ. ntspNa NtTf;F mDg;gpa

06

fl;lisj; jsgjp Nfzy; ghy;uh[{f;F nra;jp fpilj;jJ. cs;NsapUe;J vtUk; tutpy;iy. nra;jpAkpy;iy. kWehSkpy;iy. ehd;fhk; ehs; ,U NtTtPuh;fs; te;Jtpl;lhh;fs;. mth;fs; mbthq;fpaJ> mzp Fiye;jJ> jhq;fs; jg;gpaJ vd;W ele;jijf; $wpdhh;fs;. tPukzp ,we;jpUf;fyhnkd;W Cfk; njhptpj;jhh;fs;. Ie;jhk; Mwhk; ehSk; tPukzp tutpy;iy. ,dp capUld; tPukzp ,Uf;f tha;g;gpy;iy. nfhz;Lnrd;w czTk; te;jth;fspd; ifapy;jhd; ,Ue;jJ. vdNt tPukzp tPur;rhntd;W jiyikr; nrayfj;jpw;Fj; jfty; mDg;gpdhh; jsgjp. vl;L> xd;gJ vd ehl;fs; efu gj;jhk; ehs; fopj;Jr; Rz;bf;Fsj;jpy; rpy nghJkf;fs; fhtyuZf;F ntspNa te;j ,U ,uhZtj;ijg; gpbj;Jtpl;ljhfTk; mth;fs; kaq;fptpl;ljhfTk; jfty; fpilj;jJ. mq;Nf tpiue;jNghJ me;j ,uhZtj;jpdh; vd;gJ vq;fs; tPukzpAk; rf NtTtPuDk; vd;gJ njhpate;jJ. fpspnehr;rpapy;

jLkhwpwJf;fpilapy Fz;nlwpQ;R ntbf;fitr;rhh;. me;jj; jpifg;gpypUe;J Mkp kPSwJf;fpilapy vd;idAk; ,Oj;Jf;nfhz;L kDrd; gha;Qr ; pl;lhd;.|| ,J ele;jJ 1997,y;. fpspnehr;rp A9 ghij gpbg;Gf;fhd ,Wf;fkhd xU $l;Lj;jskhf ,Ue;jNghJ. 2000Ngh; nfhz;l $l;Lj;jsj;jpy; gl;lg;gfypy; ,uhZtk; mtidr; ry;yilNghl;Lj; NjbaJ. mtidf; fhzNtapy;iy. vq;fhtJ xU gw;iwapd; Moj;jpy; cliyf; FWf;fp capiug; gpbj;jthW gJq;fpapUe;jpUg;ghd; vd;wh epidf;fpwPhf ; s;. tPukzpiaj; njhpe;jhy; mg;gb ahUk; epidf;fkhl;Bh;fs;. Fok;gpa Fl;ilapy; kPd; gpbf;fr; Rfnkd;W \F~pf;| Fzj;NjhL jsj;ijr; ry;yilNghl;Lf; Fwpg;ngLf;fj; njhlq;fpapUg;ghd;.

cs;Eioe;J gjpndhU ehspy; Rz;bf;Fsj;jpy; ntspte;j tPukzp ngWkjptha;ej ; jfty;fNshLk; rfpf;fKbahj tho;tDgtj;NjhLk; tpiykjpg;gw;w gbg;gpidfNshLk; te;jhd;. fpspnehr;rp tiuglj;jpy; jsj;jpd; mikg;ig Fwpj;Jf;nfhLj;jhd; tPukzp.

GypfSf;Ff; fpspnehr;rp ntspr;rkhapw;W. nrj;Jg; Nghdjhf ,Ue;j tPukzp vg;gbr; rhfhky; ,Ue;jhd.; mtidg; ngw;wts; mwpaf;$lhj fijfs; mit. mbthq;fp mzp Fiye;j gpd; clk;gpy; njk;gpUe;j ,UehSk; jsj;ijr; Rw;wpg;ghh;jJ ; f; Fwpg;ngLj;jhdhk;. ntspNa tu Kad;wNghJ Kbahky; Nghdjhk;. Xt;nthU ehSk; ntspNaw Gjpa ,le;Njb miye;jhdhk;. njk;gpoe;j clNyhL grpiaAk;> jhfj;ijAk;> kaf;fj;ijAk;

\\kQ;Rsh Ngf;fhpr; re;jpf;F ,lf;ifg; gf;fkh nfhQ;rk; Kd;Df;F gioa re;ijf;Fg; gpd;dhy ehAz;zpg; gj;ij fhlhf; fple;jpJ. ehq;fs; gfy; gLf;iff;F me;j ,lj;jj; njhpQ;nrLj;J FilQ;RNgha; eLtpy fple;J Jtf;ff; fol;bj; Jg;guT nra;Jnfhz;bUe;jk;. Mkp Nwhl;lhy \uf;uhpy| Nghdtq;fs;> epg;ghl;bg;Nghl;L ,wq;fp thwhq;fs;. mtq;fs; gj;ijaf; FilQ;Rnfhz;Lk; thwhq;fs;. ehAz;zpg; gj;ijapd;u fPor ; ; rUnfy;yhk; nfhl;Lg;gl;L fPo ntspahAk; Nky gj;ijahAkpUe;jJ. mtq;fs; fz;bl;lhq;fs; vz;L epidf;f> ,e;j kDrd; \mWthh; epj;jpiunfhs;sTk; tplhq;fs;Nghy fplf;F|. vz;L Fz;Lf; fpspg;gf; fol;bdgb KZKZj;jhd;. gpwF ghj;jh mtq;fs; vq;fsr; Rj;jpapUe;j kue; jbas ,Oj;Jf;nfhz;LNgha; uf;uh; ngl;bapy Vj;jpwhq;fs;> tpwFf;F. tPukzpaz;z xz;Lf;Fk; fpWq;fhd;. vq;ifAk; rphpg;Gk; gfpbAk;jhd;.|| \\tPukzp mz;izNahl NtTf;Fg; Nghwnjz;lhy; ve;jg; gjl;lKk; ,y;iy. gLj;jhy;> vOe;jhy;> epz;lhy;> ele;jhy; xNu gfpbjhd;. rhfpwnjz;lhYk; kDrd; rphpg;Gf; fhl;bg;Nghl;Lj;jhd; rhthd;.|| nrhy;ypg;Nghl;L thdj;ijg; ghh;jj ; hd; mtd; \r;rh tPzh ,oe;jpl;lk;.| tPukzpNahL epd;wth;fs; fij fijahfr; nrhy;fpwhh;fs;. tPukzp ,y;iy vd;wJ kdjpy; xl;bf;nfhs;sNt kWf;fpwJ. mth;fs; nrhy;tijf; Nfl;lhy; Aj;jfsj;jpy; tPukzpiar; rhfbg;gJ rhTf;F Kbahj fhhpak; vdj; njhpAk;.

NtnwhU Nghuhsp nrhd;dhd;> \\kd;dhhpy; vbgy eltbf;iff;F Kd; xUehs; Mkpapd; jsj;jpDs; Eiotjw;fhfg; Ngha;fn ; fhz;bUe;Njhk;. xU ngUk; ntl;iliaAk; ePNuhpg; gf;fthl;ilAk; fle;J nrd;Wtpl;Nlhk;. ,uhZtj;jpd; jilf;Fs;Nghf (kpjpntb> Kl;fk;gpNtyp nfhz;l gpuNjrk;) ,d;Dk; nfhQ;rj;J}uk;; ,Ue;jJ. mijf; fle;Jjhd; fhtyuz;fis ClWj;J cs;Ns NghfNtz;Lk;.

Mdhy; ,g;NghNj vq;fisf; fz;Ltp;l;L vjphpapd; xU mzp fhtyuZf;F ntspNa ,lg;Gwkhf efh;ej ; J. vjphp vk;ikf; fz;Ltpl;L Rw;wptisf;fpwhd; vd;gij tPukzpaz;iz fz;Ltpl;lhd;. vq;fSf;Fg; gpd;dhy; nghpa ntl;il. tyg;Gwk; ePNuhp. ,lg;Gwk; ,uhZt mzp Rw;wptisf;fpwJ. jpUk;gp XLtJjhd; xNu xU khh;ff ; k; vd ehd; epidj;jpUf;f> tPukzpaz;z \XLq;flh jilf;Fs;s| vd;Wtpl;L ,uhZtf; fhtyuz; jilf;Fs; Xbdhd;. Kl;fk;gpfSf;Fk; kpjpntbfSf;Fk; ,ilapy; ehk;Ngha;

Juj;jpj;Juj;jp efh;ej ; hdhk;. gr;irg; gdk;goj;ijj; jpd;Wk; jq;fs; %j;jpuk; Fbj;Jk; jfty; nfhz;Lte;J Nrh;jj ; hd;. kaf;fk; njspe;J kWehs; Ntz;baij tiuglj;jpy; Fwpj;Jf; nfhLj;jhd;. ,Uz;bUe;j fpspnehr;rp GypfSf;F ntspr;rkhdJ ,g;gbj;jhd;.

Ik;gjhtJ ,yq;ifapd; Rje;jpu jpdj;jpw;F fpspnehr;rpapypUe;J jyjhkhspiff;F g]; tpLNthk; vd;w rpq;fs kkijf;F %f;Filf;f fpspnehr;rpiaj; jhf;fp efhpd; Kw;gFjpiaf; ifg;gw;w %yfhuzkhf ,Ue;jtd; ,td;jhd;. Xahj miy - 02,y; fpspnehr;rpj; jsj;ijj; jhf;fpaopf;f NtT njhlf;fk; rkhpy; ikaj;jsj;jpw;fhd jhf;Fjy; tiu Kf;fpa gq;nfLj;j tPukzpf;F fpspnehr;rp tpLjiyapy; chpikAz;L. njhz;Z}wpd; gpd; td;dpapy; mtd; fhzhj Aj;jfsKk; ,y;iy> ,td; NtTghh;ff ; hj ,uhZtj; jsKk; ,y;iy. xU Nghuhsp nrhd;dhd;. \\vd;idg; gj;ijf;Fs;s ,Uf;fr; nrhy;yptpl;L kDrd; iff;Fz;Nlhl fpspnehr;rp fz;zd; NfhapYf;Fg;Nghw Nwhl;lf; fle;jhd;. flf;fTk; rpy Mkpf;fhuq;fs; Klf;fhy thwhq;fs;. JiyQ;rpJ fij. XlNtz;baJjhd; vz;L epidf;f kDrd; XNly;y. iff;Fz;Nlhl MkPdu; gf;fk; gha;QR ; \mj;j crg;ghq;| vd;W fj;jpdhh;. te;j Mkp RLwNjh ,y;y mtw;u fl;lisf;Ff; ifa Nky J}f;fpwNjh vz;L

Mdp - Mb> 2006

,Ue;Jnfhz;Nlhk;. Rw;wptisj;j ,uhZt mzp vq;fisj; NjbaJ. ehk; vg;gb kiwe;Njhnkd;W mtDf;Fj; jpifg;G. ,g;gbAk; xU cj;jpapUg;gij md;W tPukzpaz;izaplk; gbj;Njd;. Rw;wptisj;j mzp jsk; jpUk;GKd; ehq;fs; fhtyuz;fisf; fle;J cs;Ns Eioe;Jtpl;Nlhk;.|| vjphpahy; ,ij fw;gid nra;aTk; KbahJ. mQ;rypf; Fwpg;Ngl;by; epidTf;Fwpg;G vOJfpwhh; %j;j jsgjp Nfzy; ghy;uh[;. \\xU jlit> MidapwT Kfhik NtT ghh;f;fntd vjphpapd; fhtyuiz ClWj;Jr; nry;y MW jilfisf; fle;j tPukzp ,Wjpahf kz; miziaf; flf;f Kad;wNghJ Mkp Jtf;if ePl;bdhd;. clNd tPukzp rpq;fsj;jpy; VNjhnrhy;yp ntUl;l mtd; RLtij epWj;Jfpwhd;. vjphpapd; Fiff;Fs;NsNa epd;W vjphpiar; RlNtz;lhnkdf; fl;lisapl;L vjphpapd; gpuNjrj;ij NtT ghh;ff ; r; nrd;wtd; tPukzp.|| ,g;NghJ rhs;]; md;udp rpwg;Gj; jsgjp Nfhgpj; nrhd;dhh;> \\tPukzpapDila jiyikapy; NtTghh;f;fr; nrd;Nwhk;. jpUk;gpr; Rl;ljPthy; te;Jnfhz;bUe;jNghJ jz;zpf;Fs;shy; ePNuhpiaf; fle;Jjhd; NghfNtZnkz;L tPukzp nrhd;dhd;. elf;ff;$ba fhhpakh? kpfr; Rygkh Mkp fhZthd;. gpur;rpid vd;ndz;lh jz;zd P u; eLTf;Fs;s Fj;jp el;L guz; fl;b MkPd;u mtjhdpg;G epiyankhd;W ,Ue;jJ. mjpy ,Ue;J ghh;jj ; h jz;zpf;Fs;s kPd; Js;spdhYk; njhpAk;. fiuapy vyp XbdhYk; njhpAk;. vd;ndz;L NghwJ cJf;Fs;shy vz;L Nfl;ld;. \th. mtd; xz;Lk; nra;ahd;| vd;W nrhy;yptpl;L Kd;Nd ele;jhd;. Neu MkPd;u guizNehf;fp ele;J guZf;Ff; fPoAk; te;jpl;lk;. eLf;fkhapUe;jpJ. ehq;fs; fPo tuTk; Mkp guz;fhy; Fj;jpapy jl;bdhd;. epd;Wtpl;L tPukzp Vzpahy Vwp \nfsj| vd;whd;. gpd; MkpNahl rpq;fsj;jpy VNjh nrhy;yptpl;L ,wq;fpte;jhd;. vq;fSf;F neQ;Rf; Fopf;Fs; ePh; tw;wpg;Nghapw;W. nuz;LNgh; fplf;fpwhq;fs; xUj;jd; ,Uf;fpwhd; vd;W nrhd;dhd;. jsk; jpUk;gpaJk; mtdplk; Nfl;Nlhk; tPukzp nrhd;dit kpfg;ngUk; NtTg; ghlnewpfs;. \\vq;fSf;F Mgj;J tUnkd;why; mij vjphpapd; fhYf;Fs;sNgha; epd;W Mgj;ij ngUg;gpj;Jf; nfhz;lhy; Mgj;Njapy;iy. ,J kpff; Fog;gkhf ,Ue;jhYk; tPukzp nrhy;ypj;je;j ghlk; mJjhd;. NtTf;fhuh;fisg; nghWj;jtiu vq;fisr; Rl;lhy; jhDk; rhfNtz;Lnkd;w epiyia vjphpf;Fj; Njhw;Wtpj;jhy; mtd; jd;idf; fhg;ghw;w KbntLg;ghNd jtpu vq;fisf; nfhy;yty;y.

J}uj;Nj ehq;fs; efh;ej ; hy; mtd; mzpfis xUq;fpizj;J vq;fisj; jhf;f Kaw;rpg;ghd;. ve;jg; Nghh;tuP Dk; jhd; rhfhky; vjphpiaf; nfhy;yj;jhd; tpUk;Gthd;. jdJ rhTk; epr;rak; vq;fSila rhTk; epr;rankd;why; ,e;jr; rpq;fs Mkp Rlhd;.|| tPukzpAld; ,Ue;jhNy Nghhpy; vj;jidNah El;gq;fisAk; E}jdq;fisAk; gbj;Jf;nfhs;syhk;. mtd;jhd; ,y;iyNa. tPukzpapd; gyk; vd;dntd;why; mtDf;F Mkpiaj; njhpAk; vd;gJjhd;. Mkp vg;nghOJ vd;d nra;thd;> vd;d nra;akhl;lhd;> gynkd;d> gytPdk; vd;d> ve;;jNeuk; vd;d jPh;khdk; vLg;ghd; vd;gJ tPukzpf;F ed;whfj;njhpAk;.

Vndd;why; mtd; vjphpj; jsq;fSf;Fs; tho;ej ; fhyk; mjpfk;.

Mkpf;fhudpd; me;juq;fkhd \frKrh|f;fisAk; tg;Gf; fijahf;fp vg;nghOJk; jd;idr;Rw;wpr; rphpf;Fk; $l;lj;ij itj;jpUg;ghd;. ,tdJ NtTj;jpwikAk; rz;ilapy; jd; mzpapdiuj; Jzpr;rYk; ek;gpf;ifAk; nfhz;lth;fshf topelj;Jk; MSikiaAk; ghh;jj ; %j;j jsgjp jPgd; ,tid xU Nghh;Kidj; jsgjpahfj; jiytUf;F mwpKfk; nra;jhh;.

Xahj miy - 03 xl;LRl;lhdpy; njhlq;fpaNghJ jd; mzpg; NghuhspfSld; Gwg;gL jsj;jpy; itj;J tPukzp fijj;jhd; \\ngbas;! ehd; xd;wr; nrhy;ypj;jhwd; Qhgfk; itr;rpUq;Nfh. jilas cilr;Rf;nfhz;L MkPdu; fhg;guZf;f Fjpr;r cld \mj;j crg;ghq;| vd;W gyj;Jf; fj;Jq;Nfh. Mkp ifiaj; J}f;Nfiynad;why; Fz;il vwpQ;rpl;Lr; Rl;Lg; nghRf;Fq;Nfh. Qhgfk; itr;rpUq;Nfh Mkpa ruzilar; nrhy;Ywj;Jf;F \mj;j crg;ghq;| vd;W nrhy;yNtz;Zk;|| ,g;gb rz;il njhlq;fKd; nghJthf Nghuhspfsplk; ,Uf;ff;$ba ,dk;Ghpahj gjl;lk; mOj;jk;

Mdp - Mb> 2006

vd;gtw;wpw;Fg; gjpyhf Mh;tj;ijAk; Jzpr;riyAk; J}z;btpLk; csEl;gk; tPukzpf;Fj;jhd; if$btUk;.

Xahj miy - 03,y; MidapwTj; jsj;ijj; jhf;fpaopf;f KbT nra;jNghJ ikag;gFjpiaj; jdpikg; gLj;Jtjw;fhf Kjy;fl;lj;jpy; gue;jd; cikahs;Guj;ijAk;

gf;fthl;lhf ntw;wpiyf;NfzpiaAk; ifg;gw;w jiyth; jpl;lkpl;lhh;. Mdhy; ntw;wpiyNfzp Gy;yhntsp ifg;gw;wg;gl gue;jd; jhf;FjNyh ntw;wpaspf;ftpy;iy. gpd;dh; fl;lisj; jsgjp Nfzy; jPgd; jiyikapy; gue;jd; kPJ jhf;Fjy; njhLf;f KbTnra;ag;gl;lJ. gfypy; rkiuj; njhlq;fj; jiytUld; MNyhrpj;J te;j Nfzy; jPgd; mj;jifa XU mghakhd rkiuj; njhlq;f tPukzpia mioj;jhh;. Ml;ywp> uhq;fpfis topelj;Jk; xU kuGg;gilf;F mJTk; jw;fhg;G Aj;jj;jpy; kpf trjpahf ,Uf;Fk;. MdhYk; gfypy; Aj;jj;ij vjph;ghh;ff ; hj vjphp kPJ Kjy;Kiwahfr; nra;ag;gLk; gfy;nghOJj; jhf;Fjy; ntw;wpaspf;f tha;gG ; s;sJ vd jsgjp jPhk ; hdpj;jhh;. Xahj miyfs; ,uz;by; vjphpapd; Kwpabg;ig kPs Kwpabf;f xU vj;jdpg;igr; nra;J ntw;wp fhzg;gl;lJ. mjpy; xU mzpj; jsgjpahf fskpwq;fpatd; tPukzp. ,g;NghJ gfypy; njhlq;fg;gLk; rkhpw;F tPukzpia xU gFjpj; jkpoPoj; Njrpaj; jiytUld; jsgjp tPukzp

jiytdhf epakpj;jhh; jsgjp jPgd.; tPukzp nrd;whd; ntd;whd;. fl;lisj; jsgjp jPgd; nrhy;fpwhh;. \\me;jj; jhf;Fjypd; xU fl;lj;jpy; tPukzp gpbj;j fhtyuz;fis vjphpapd; uhq;fpazp te;J Rl;Lg; nghRf;fpf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. me;j ,lj;jpy; tPukzpf;Fs;s njhpT> mzpfisg; ghJfhg;ghff; nfhz;L gpd;thq;fNtz;Lk; my;yJ fhg;gfopfspypUe;J ntspNawp uhq;fpfis vjph;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. tPukzp jd; rpwpa mzpia itj;J me;j uhq;fp mzpia Kwpabj;jhd;. mJjhd; ntw;wpia vq;fSf;Fj; je;jJ. xU gfy; nghOjpy; gue;jd; vq;fs; trkhapw;W. Xahj miyfs; %d;wpy; njd;kuhl;rpf;Fs;shy; Eioe;j Gypfs; aho;. mhpahiy tiu Kd;NdwpapUe;jdh;. aho;. mhpahiyapy; tPukzp jd; mzpfSld;

epiynfhz;bUe;j NghJ Gjpjhf aho;. jsgjpahf epakdk; ngw;w ruj; nghd;Nrfh fpdpfpu vd;w xU ,uhZt eltbf;ifia mhpahiy Clhfj; njhlf;fpdhh;. tPukzp jd; mzpfNshL mjw;F vjpuhfr; rz;ilapl;lhd;. jfty; rhs;]; md;udp rpwg;Gg; gilazp rpwg;Gj; jsgjpf;Ff; fpilj;jJ. mth; tpiue;J mq;Nf NghfTk; mjw;fpilapy; me;j eltbf;ifia tPukzp Kbf;fTk; rhpahf ,Ue;jJ. E}w;Wtiuapy; ,uhZt cly;fSk; gyE}W fhakile;j rpg;gha;fSk; nfhOk;gpw;Fg; Nghf jiyikafj;jpd; cj;jutpd;wpj; jd;dpr;irahfr; nra;ag;gl;l eltbf;ifapd; Njhy;tpf;fhf ruj; nghd;Nrfh aho;. jsgjpg; gjtpapypUe;J ePff ; g;gl;lhh;. tPukzpia> mtdJ jdpj; jpwikiaj; jiyth; ghuhl;bdhh;. tPukzp Gfo;G+j;j rhs;]; md;udp rpwg;Gg; gilazpapd; Jizj; jsgjpahdhd;. gpd;dh; mg;gilazpapd; rpwg;Gj; jsgjpAkhdhd;. 1990Mk; Mz;L khq;Fsj; jhf;Fjypy; fhTk; FOthf Kjw; gq;Nfw;wtd; 2001,y; jPr;Rthiyapy; rpwg;Gj; jsgjpahf jd; [k;gjhtJ fsj;ijf; fz;lhd;. jd;Dlypy; vl;Lj;jilit fhaKw;whd; ,Wjpahf ehfh;Nfhtpy; fsKidf;F gFjpj; jsgjpahf ,Ue;jNghJ Nghuhspfisg; ghh;ff ; gyfhuk; nfhz;Lnry;Yk; kf;fs;Kd; tPukzp Ngrpdhd;. \ruj; nghd;Nrfhtpd; aho;. jsgjpg; gjtpia Kjy; gwpr;rJ ehd;jhd;. ,g;g ,uhZtj; jsgjpg; gjtpapy; ,Ue;J rz;ilf;Fj; jpkpWwhd;. rz;iliaj; njhlf;fpdhy; ,td ,uhZtj;ij tpl;Nl fiyf;fitg;gd;|. ntapy; rhpahf rha;ej ; puhj xU gpd;Ndug;nghOJ. kf;fSk; NghuhspfSk; fpspnehr;rp gz;ghl;L kz;lgj;jpy; jpuz;bUf;f> tPukzpiag;

ez;gd; F.ftpaofd; Ngioapy; gLj;jpathW J}f;fpte;jhh;fs;. kidtp tPukzpiaf; fl;bg;gpbj;Jf; fjwpf;nfhz;bUe;jhs;. $l;lj;jpy; Mq;fhq;Nf tpk;ky;fs; ntbf;fpd;wd. tpLjiyg;Nghhpy; [k;gJ Aj;jfsk; fz;l xU mrfha tPud; mikjpaha; gLj;jpUg;gJ vq;fis vd;dNth nra;jJ. %j;j jsgjp Nfzy; ghy;uh[; epidTiuahw;wpdhh;. \\flypy; kPDf;Ff; Fz;lbj;J tPukzpf;Ff; fhak; vd;whh;fs;. mjph;eJ ; NghNdd;. rhp fhak;jhNd vd;Wtpl;bUf;ff; ifapy;iyahk; vd;whh;fs;. ifapy;yhtpl;lhYk; guthapy;iy tul;Lk; vd;wpUe;Njd;. nfhQ;r Neuj;jpy; epiyik Nkhrkhf ,Ug;gjhfr; nrhd;dhh;fs;. caph;jg;gpdhNy NghJnkd;W Vf;fkhf ,Ue;jJ. ,Wjpaha; tPukzp nrj;Jtpl;lhd; vd;W nra;jp nrhd;dhh;fs;.|| rhTf;Fj;jhd; kdpjh;fs; mQ;Rthh;fs;. rhT tPukzpf;F mQ;rp Nfhioj;jdkha; mtidf; nfhd;Wtpl;lJ. ve;j ,uf;fKk; jh;kKkpy;yhky; kfj;jhd xU Nghh;tuP idf; flw;fiuapy; itj;J tPoj ; j ; ptpl;lJ. elkhLk; xU NtTf;fy;Y}hp rj;jkpy;yhky; nehUf;fg;gl;Ltpl;lJ. GijFopf;F kz;Nghl;L vy;yhk; Kbe;jJ. ,dp tPukzp tukhl;lhd; vd;wJ kdjpy; jpUk;gTk; ciwf;fpd;wJ. tPlb ; y; me;jpNal;bf;fhfg; NghapUe;Njhk;. \njhg;|ngd;W rj;jk; Nfl;f cs;Ns vd;d ele;jJ vd;W ghh;jN ; jhk;. tPukzpapd; glk; tpOe;J fz;zhb cile;Jtpl;lJ vd;whh;fs;. gf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;jth; nrhd;dhh;. \glj;Jf;F mQ;ryp nrYj;Njf;f glj;jpy mtd; capNuhl ,Ue;jijf; fz;ldhd;. mtd; ntspNa tu vj;jdpr;Rj;jhd; fz;zhb cilQ;rpUf;fNtZk;.| jpUk;gp mthpd; Kfj;ijg; ghh;j;Njd;. Kfk; Fiye;J Nrhfj;jpy; njhq;fpapUe;jJ. vy;NyhUf;Fk; mJjhd; eg;ghir. tPukzp jpUk;gp te;jhnyd;d?

Mdhy; td;dpf;fsj;jpy; epd;w rpq;fs Mkpiag; nghWj;jtiu ,utpy; jq;fs; jsq;fspy; miye;JjphpAk; nky;ypRk;> Xuy; KfKk; ,isa taJk; kpDq;Fk; fz;fSk; fOj;jpy; xU ePs nts;isg; gy;Yk; nfhz;l khag;gprhR - Rl vj;jdpj;jhy; \\mj;j crg;ghq;|| vd;W fPr;rplf; fj;jptpl;L khakha;f; Fz;il ntbf;fitj;J kiwe;JNghFk; kh;kg; gprhR nrj;Jg;Ngha;tpl;lJ. gprhRf;fhfg; gpf;Ftplk; ke;jphpj;Jf; fOj;jpy; fl;ba jhaj;J ,dpj; Njitapy;iy vd;Wk; mth;fs; MWjyilaf;$Lk;.

07

cz;ikapy; vkJ Nghuhl;lj;jpd; ntw;wp cyfj;jpd; iffspy; jq;fpapUf;ftpy;iy. vkJ ntw;wpahdJ vkJ ifapy;> “cz; vkJ gyj; j py; > vkJ cWjpg; g hl; b NyNa jq; f papUf; f pd; w J. eP j pAk; epahaKk; vkJ gf; f khf ,Ue; j hy; kl; L k; NghjhJ. ehk; typik ngw; w th; f shf ,Uf; f Ntz; L k; ; NghuhLk; jpwik ngw; w th; f shf ,Uf; f Ntz; L k; . ” - jk jkpoP poPoj; Njrpaj; jiyth; NkjF Nt.gpughfud; mth;fs; -

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Mdhy; mth;fSila jpl;lk; epiwNtwg; Nghtjpy;iy. xU jdpkdpjDk; rhp> xU ehLk; rhp jkJ tpjpiaj; jk; nray;fshNyNa jPhk ; hdpf;fpwhh;fs;. mth;fsJ fle;jfhyr; nra;iffs; epfo;fhyj;jpidj; jPhk ; hdpf; fpd;wd. epfo;fhyj;jpar; nra;iffs; tUq; fhyj;jpidj; jPhk ; hdpf;fpd;wd. nraypd; tpisAk; mjw;fhd fhuzKk; Nkw;$wpa Nfhl;ghl;bd; mbg;gilapy; tpsf;fg;gL fpd;wd. Ke;ija nray;fs; epfo;fhyj;

jpidj; jPhk ; hdpf;fpd;wd. rpwpyq;fhtpd; Kd;tpid kpfTk; rf;jp tha;ej ; J. jkpoh; fs; Muk;gj;jpy; kpfTk; rhJthdth;fs; vd;gJ cz;ikNa. mth;fis MAjk; J}f;fpg; Nghuhlitj;j fhuzk; vd;d? rhJ kpuz;lhy; fhL nfhs;shJ vd;ghh;fs;. mikjp topapy; chpikfis ntd;nwLq; fs; vd;W cgNjrk; nra;Ak; rh;tNjrk; vkJ gpur;rpidia tuyhw;Wf; fz;nfhz;L ghh;ff ; j; jtwptpl;lJ. vz; z pf; i f mbg; g ilapy; jk;ikg; ngUk;ghd;ikapdh; vdf; fUJk; rpq;fsth;fs; vz;zpf;ifapy; Fiwe;j jkpoh;fs; kPJ Mjpf;fk; nrYj;j tpis tijj; jkpo;kf;fs; Vw;fj; jahhpy;iy. rpq;fsj; jiyikapyhd ,iwik ehl;bd; kPJ jkpoh;fs; ek;gpf;if ,oe;J gy jrhg; jq;fshfpd;wd. murpw;Fr; nrhe;jkhd MAjg;gilfs; jkpoh;fisf; nfhy;tjw;F gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. MAjg;gilfs; nra;Ak; kdpj chpik kPwy;fisAk;> gpw ml;^opaq;fisAk; mur ,ae;jpuk; %b kiwf;fpd;wJ. rpq;fs ePjpkd;wq;fspy; ePjp fpilg;gjpy;iy. nfhOk;G Clfq;fs; jkpoUf;F vjpuhd fUj;Jg; Nghiuj; njhlh;rr ; pahf elj;Jfpd;wd. xw;iwahl;rp iaj; jkpoh; f s; xUNghJk; Vw; f g; Nghtjpy;iy. mjpypUe;J tpLgLtjw; fhfNt vkJ tpLjiyg;Nghh; elj;jg;gL fpd;wJ. <oj; j kpoh; f spd; gphptpid

08

czh;T nraw;ifahdjy;y. ehk; jdpaurhf tuyhW mwpag;gl;l fhyk;njhl;L ,Ue;Js;Nshk;. epht ; hf mD$yj;jpw;fhf gpupl;brhh; vk;ik 1833,y; epy milahsk; ,of;fr; nra;Js;sdh;. 1795,w;Fk; 1833 ,w;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l fhyj;jpy; \fyf;u Nww; | (COLLECTORATE) vd; w Ml;rpKiw epytpaJ. Nfhy;GWf; fkud; (COLEBROOKE CAMERON) rPh;jpUj;jq;fSf;Fg; gpd; ,e;j Ml;rpKiw epWj;jg;gl;L ,yq;ifj;jPT 5khfhzq;fshf tFf;fg;gl;lJ. Gjpa aho;g;ghz khfhzj;jpy;> aho;gg ; hzk;> kd;dhh;> Ky;iyj;jPT cs;spl;l td;dp khtl;lq;fSk; fz;bg; gFjpapd; Etufyhtpah khtl;lKk; ,izf; fg;gl;ld. aho;.khtl;lj;jpw;Fhpa nrayfq;fs; (fr;Nrhpfs;) aho;g; ghzk;> kd;dhh;> Ky;iyj;jPT> mDuhjGuk; Mfpa efuq;fspy; jpwf;fg;gl;ld. (NORTHERN CEY LON (SRILANKA) IN THE 19th CENTURY BY PROF BERTRAM

BASTIAM -PILLAI GOD AGE INTERNANIONAL PUBLISHERS, 2006)

mbikg;gl;l ,dj;jpd; kPlg ; h;fshf tpLjiy ,af;fq;fs; Njhd;Wfpd;wd. mit tpLjiy Ntz;b epw;Fk; kf;fs; kj;jpapypUe;Nj Njhw;wk; ngWfpd;wd.

RUq;ff;$wpd; kf;fspd; Njitiag; G+hj ; j ; p nra;tjw;fhf kf;fs; kj;jpapypUe;J tpLjiy ,af;fq;fs; gpwg;ngLf;fpd;wd. ntWikapy; ,Ue;J tpLjiy mikg; Gf;fs; Njhd;Wtjpy;iy. mlf;FKiwf;F vjpuhfg; NghhpLk; mikg;ig kf;fNs cUthf;Ffpd;whh;fs;. tpLjiy mikg;Gk; kf;fSk; Ntwhdit my;y. ,U$Wk; xd;Wjhd;. ,Jjhd; tuyhw;W epajp. rpwpyq;fhtpw;fhd nejh;yhe;Jj; J}Jth; Nwq}l; thz;bf; (REYNOUT VANDIJK) ,t;tUl A+d; khj Kw;gFjpapy; elj;jpa gj;jphpifahsh; khehl;by; GypfSf;Fk; jkpoPo kf;fSf;Fk; ,ilapyhd neUf;fj; jpid gpd;tUkhW tpsf;fpdhh;. xU fhuzKk; ,y;yhky; ,j;jt P py; jkpoPo tpLjiyg;Gypfs; cUthftpy;iy. mth;fs; ,t;tsT gyk; tha;ej ; th;fshf ,Ug;gjw;F tuyhw;W tpsf;fq;fs; ,Uf; fpd;wd. jkpo;kf;fspd; Nguhjutpd;wp Gypfs; ,e;j cah;epiyf;F tsh;r;rp fz;bUf;f KbahJ. mth;fis xU tY thd rf;jpnad;W Vw;Wf;nfhz;L mth; fNshL NgrNtz;Lk;. jtwpdhy; mJ

mwpahikahfNth> murp ay; rpWgps; i sj; jdkhfNth ,Uf;Fk;. mt;tsNthL mth; epw;ftpy;iy. \jkpo;kf;fSila Nfhhpf;iffs; ,dq;fhzg;gl;L epiwNtw;wg;glhtpll ; hy; my;yJ rl;lj;jpd; ghJfhg;G mth;fSf; Ff; fpilahJ vd;W mth;fs; czu Neh;e;jhy; kPz;Lk; Gyp fspd; ghJfhg;gpidj; NjLthh; fs;|. ,e;j ,lj;jpy; mth; xU tplaj;ij kpf mOj;jKk; jpUj;jKkhff; $wpdhh;. \\kpfTk; ,f;fl;lhd Neuq;fspy; mth;fs; Gypfspd; ghJfhg;ig ehLthh; fs;.|| xU ehNlh mjd; xU gFjpNah gpw ehnlhd;why; my;yJ mNjehl;bd; ,d;ndhU gFjpahy; Mf;fpukpf;fg;gLk; NghJ ghjpff ; g;gl;l kf;fs; jkJ vjph;gi ; gf; fhl;Lthh;fs;. ,e;j vjph;g;G nwrp];ud;]; (RESISTANCE) vd;W miof;fg;gLk;. kf;fspd; ,d;ndhU gFjpapdh; Mf;fpukpgg ; hsh;fSld; ,ize;J nraw;gLthh;fs;. ,th;fis \nfhyhngNww;uh;];|

(COLLABORTORS) vd;W miog;ghh;fs;. vjphpf;F xj;Jiog;G toq;Fk; midtUk; ,t;thW miof;fg; gLfpd;whh;fs;. ,U gFjpapdUk; mjhtJ vjph;g;gth;fSk; xj;Jiog;G toq;Fgth; fSk; kf;fs; kj;jpapypUe;J Njhw;wk; ngWfpd;wdh;. vjph;g;G ntspg;gilahfTk;> kiwKfkhfTk; eilngWk;. xU fl;lk; tUk;NghJ kiwKf vjph;gG ; ntspg;gil ahdjhf khWk;. midj;J kf;fSk;

- fyhepjp f.Nrhkh];fe;jd; fpsh;e;njOk;NghJ vjph;g;G KOtbtk; ngWk;. gpuhd;R 1940 - 1944 fhyg; gFjpapy; N[h;kd; ehrpg;gilfshy; Mf;fpu kpf;fg;gl;lJ. mg;NghJ xUGwk; vjph;gg ; hsh; fSk; kWGwk; xj;Jiog;ghsh;fSk; mzp jpuz;ldh;. vjph;gg ; paf;fj; jiyth; b Nfhy; (DE GAULLE) jdJ jiyikg;gPlj;ij ,q;fpyhe;Jj; jiyefh; ,yz;ldpy; Vw;gLj;jpdhh;. mq;fpUe;J mth; vjph;g; gpaf;fj;jpid topelj;jpdhh;. mNj rkaj; jpy; Kjyhk; cyfg;Nghhpy; gpuhd;rpd; mjp cah; jsgjpfspy; xUtuhf ,Ue;j khh;ry; ngj;Njapd; (MARSHALL PETAIN) N[h;kd; gilfSf;F xj;Jiog;G toq;fpdhh;. mjhtJ Kjyhk; cyfg;Nghhpy; N[h;kd; gilfis vjph;jJ ; g; Nghuhbdh;> ,uz;lhk;

cyfg;Nghhpy; mNj gilfSf;F xj; Jiog;G toq;fpdhh;. jdJ xj;Jiog;G muir tprr ; p (VICHY) vd;w gpnud;R efhpy; epWtpdhh;. mtUila xj;Jiog;G muR \tpr;rpauR| (VICHY GOVERNMENT) vd;W miof;fg;gl;lJ. ,d;W vjphpfF ; xj;Jiog;G toq;Fk; muirf; Fwpg;gpLk; fiyr; nrhy;yhf mJ Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ. tpr;rp efhpy; gy trjpahd tpLjpfs; ,Ug;gjhy; me;j efuk; murgPlkhfj; njhpT nra;ag;gl;lJ. my;[Phpah nfhl;Nly; (ALGERIA HOTEL) vd;w cy;yhrtpLjp murpd; Kf;fpa fUkgPlkhfj; njhpT nra;ag;gl;lJ. ,e;jpag; gilfspd; Mf;fpu kpg;Gf; fhyj;jpy; xj;Jiog;G toq;fpa mikg;gpdh; aho;.efhpd; nfhl;Nly; mNrhfh (HOTEL ASOKA) vd;w tpLjpiaj; jkJ mYtyfkhfj; njhpTnra;jdh;. mNjNghy; ,d;W rpq;fs ,uhZtj;jpw;Fk; rpq;fs murpwF ; k; xj;Jiog;G toq;Fk; mikg;gpdh; rpwpjh; jpiuauq;fj;ij (SRIDHAR THEATRE) jkJ Kf;fpa mYtyfkhfTk; ghJfhg;G muzhfTk; mikj;Js;sdh;. gioaJ Gjpa tbtj;jpy; tUk;NghJ tuyhW vd;fpd;Nwhk;. gbg;gbahf vjph;g; gpaf;fj;jpdh; gpuhd;rpy; jhf;Fjiyj; njhlq;fpdh;. N[h;kd; gilfspd; nfhLQ; nray;fSf;F mQ;rpa gpnuQ;R kf;fs; Kjypy; mg;ghtpfs; Nghy; ,Ue;jdh;. gpd;G

vjph;gg ; zpapy; ,Ug;gth;fs; \vk;kth;| vd;w czh;T Vw;gl;lJ. mjd; gpd; czT toq;Fjy;> kiwtplk; nfhLj;jy;> jhf;F jYf;F cjTjy; Nghd;w eltbf;iffs; njhlq;fpd. A+d; 06.1944Mk; ehs; Ner ehl;Lg; gilfs; tl gpuhd;rpy; Eioe;jd. vjph;g;gzpapdUk; kf;fSk; Nerehl;Lg; gilfNshL ,ize;jd. tpr;rp murpd; fhyk; mj;NjhL KbTw;wJ. Njrj;JNuhfp vd;W jPhg ; G ; toq;fg;gl;l khh;ry; Ngj;Njap dpd; J}f;Fj; jz;lid ehl;Lj; jiyth; b Nfhypd; jiyaPlb ; y; MAl; jz;lid ahff; Fiwf;fg;gl;lJ. mth; rpiwapy; ,we;jhh; (1951). tpLjiyf;fhf kf;fs; nfhLf;Fk; mjpAah; tpiyahd caphpog;G vjphpg; gilfs; toq;Fk; $l;Lj;jz;lid %yk; Vw;gLfpdw ; J. vjphpgg ; il mjpfhhpNah gjtp Fiwe;j ,d;ndhUtNdh nfhy;yg;gLk; NghJ nfhd;wth;fspd; ,dj;ijr; Nrh;ej ; th;fis frl;L Nkdpf;F nfhd;wopj;jy; $l;Lj; jz;lid (COLLECTIVE PUNISHMENT) vdg;gLfpd;wJ. ,J kpfg; gpugy khd ,uhZt cghak;> tQ;rk; jPhg ; g ; NjhL kpul;bg; gzpaitf;Fk; cghakhfTk; ,t;tifj; jz;lid gad;gLfpd;wJ. Nghhpay; tuyhw;wpy; kpfg; gioik tha;ej ; eilKiwnad;W ,J th;zpf;fg;gLfpd; wJ. gpuhd;rpy; N[h;kd; ehrp Ml;rp epytpa NghJ J}s; (TULLE) efhpy; N[h;kd;

Mdp

2006

,uhZt mjpfhhp vjph;gpaf;fj;jpduhy; nfhy;yg;gl;lhh;. ,jw;Fg; gjpybahf A+d; 09.1944Mk; ehs; tajpsik mbg;gilapy; njhpTnra;ag;gl;l 99 J}s; efu ,isQh; fis xU kuj;jpy; njhq;ftpl;L gilapdh; nfhd;wdh;. ,f;fhl;rpiag; ghh;f;Fk;gb Jtf;F Kidapy; kf;fs; eph;g;ge;jpf;fg; gl;ldh;. nfhy;yg;gl;lth;fspd; rlyq;fs; njhq;fpa kuj;jpd; fPo; mkh;e;J N[h;kd; gilapdh; tpUe;JzT cl;nfhz;ldh;. kf;fs; neUf;fkhf thOk; fpuhkq;fs; kPJ elf;Fk; Fz;LtPr;R fz;%bj;jdkhd Ml;bywpj; jhf;Fjy;fs; vd;gd $l;Lj; jz;lidapd; gpw tbtq;fshFk;. %J}h;> my;iyg;gpl;b> tq;fhiy> Ngrhiy Nghd;w gFjpfspy; ele;j jkpopdg; gLnfhiyfs; ,t;tifj; jz;lidapy; mlq;Fk;. mnk hpf;fh> ,];Nuy; Mfpa ehl;Lg; gilapdh; rpq;fs ,uhZtj;jpdUf;F toq;fpa fpsh;rr ; pia mlf;Fk; gapw;rpapy; (ANTI -

tpLjiyg; Nghh;fs; vkJ ftdj;jpid <h;ff ; pd;wd. KjyhtJ ,e;jpa tpLjiyg; Nghh;. ,jpy; ,e;jpa kf;fs; midtUk; KO msT <LghL fhl;bdh;. rhj;tPf Kiwg;gb elj;jg;gl;ljhff; $wg;gl;lhYk; td;Kiwr; rk;gtq;fs; epiwa ele;jd. gpupl;b~; mlf;FKiwf;F vjpuhd td; Kiwfis nghJkf;fs;> Fwpg;ghf gftj; rpq; Nghd;w Jbg;ghd ,isQh;fs; elj;jp dh;. ,e;jpa Njrpa fhq;fpu]; Rje;jpu ,af;fj;ij topelj;jpaJ. fhyj;jpw;Ff; fhyk; fhq;fpu]; jiyth;fs; njhpTnra;ag; gl;lhYk; xU gjtpAk; fhq;fpurpy; tfpff ; hj kfhj;kh fhe;jpNa mjd; cz;ikahd jiytuhf ,Ue;jhh;. fhq;fpu]; nfhs;if fis mth; cUthf;fpdhh;> elKiwg; gLj;jpdhh;. gpupl;b~; murpw;F xj;Jiog;G toq;fpath;fSk; epiwa ,Ue;jdh;. epuhj;rp rTj;jphp vd;w fy;tpkhd; gphpl;b~; Ml;rp Kbtpw;F te;J mth;fs; ntspNawpaNghJ jhDk; $lr;nrd;W ,q;fpyhe;jpy; Fb

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my; i yg; g pl; b gLnfhiy

INSURGENCY TRAINING)

ghypay; ty;YwTk; mjw;Fg;gpd; gLnfhiyAk; Kjyplk; ngWfpd;wd. ,J kPd; FQ;rpw;F ePrr ; w;gapw;rp Nghd;wJ. \\kf;fspd; tpLjiy czh;it mlf;FKiwahy; mopj;Jtpl KbahJ. cyf tuyhW gfUk; cz;ikapJ|| vd;W vkJ Njrpaj; jiyth; mth;fs; $wpAs; shh;. tpLjiy czh;thdJ kdpjj;jpd; Mokhd mgpyhirapyhd gbahy; mij mopf;Fk; cghak; ,d;W fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl tpy;iy. tpLjiyg;Nghh; fhuzkhf ehk; kPzL ; k; tPuk; nrwpe;j ,dkhf Gj;Japh; ngw;Ws;Nshk;. ehk; J}f;Fk; MAjj;jpd; jd;ikiaAk; elj;Jk; Nghh;KiwiaAk; vjphp jPhk ; hdpf;fpwhd; vd;W nrhy;thh;fs;. vjphpf;F mbnfhLf;f Ntz;ba fl;lha epiyf;F ehk; js;sg;gl;Ls;Nshk;. ,d;W jkpoPo kf;fs; ngUk; vz;zpf;ifapy; ghJfhg;Gg; gapw;rpapy; <LgLfpd;wdh;. ,uz; lhk; cyfg; Nghhpd;NghJ ,q;fpyhe;jpd; fpwp];jt kjFUkhh;fs; $lg; Nghhplj; jahuhf MAjg;gapw;rp vLj;jdh;. kf;fs; rf;jpapd; tYit czh;jJ ; k; tpjj;jpy; mg;Nghija gphpl;b~; gpujkh; Nrh;r;rpy; gpd;tUkhW $wpdhh;: \\ehd; rpq;fky;y> rpq;fk; Nghd;W fh;r;rpf;f itf;fg;gl;Ls; Nsd;.|| njw;F Mrpahtpd; ,U Kf;fpa

Mdp - 2006

Nawpdhh;. Rje;jpuk; xU khia> mjpy; NeU FLk;g Ml;rpfF ; toptplL ; s;sJ vd;W jdJ E}ypy; rTj;jpup njhptpf;fpd;whh;.

(THREE HORSEMEN OF THE NEW APOCALYPSE NIRAD C.CHAUDHURI. OXFORD UNIVERITY PRESS) m N j

rkaj;jpy; fhq;fpu];; fl;rpAk; jdJ Vf Nghfj;ij ntspf;fhl;lj; jtwtpy;iy.

NeUtpd; tho;f;if tuyhw;iw vOjpa rh;tgs;sp Nfhghy; \\jhNd ehL vd;W epidj;J nraw;gLk; fhq;fpu];|| vd;Ws; shh;. (JAWAHARLAL NEHRU: S.GOPAL PAGE-60)

tpal;ehk; Nghh; Kw;wpYk; MAjg; Nghuhf ,lk;ngw;wJ. 3 Mf;fpukpg;G ehL fSf;F vjpuhf tpal;ehk; kf;fs; Nghhpl Neh;ej ; J. neLq;fhyk; gpnuQ;Rf; fhyzpahf ,Ue;j tpal;ehk; ,uz;lhk; cyfg;Nghh; fhyj;jpy; ag;ghd; trkhdJ. 1833Mk; Mz;L njhlf;fk; tpal;ehk;> yhNth];> fk;Nghbah Mfpatw;iw $l;lhf gpnuQ;R ,e;Njh rPdh (FRENCH INDO CHINA) vd;w ngahpy; Ml;rp nra;j gpuhd;R 1940y; ag;ghd; gilfshy; ntspNaw;wg;gl;lJ. ag;ghDf;F vjpuhd Njrpa Nghiu tpal;kpd; (viet minh) ,af;fj; jiytuhd Nfhrpkk ; pd; (Hochiminh) elj;jpdhh;. 1945 ag;ghdpag; gilfs; ntspNaw;wg;gl;l gpd; gpnuQ;Rf; fhuhh;fs; kPzL ; k; te;Jtpll ; hh;fs;. gpnuQ;Rg; gilfSf;F vjpuhd Nghh; 1954tiu eilngw; w J. gpnuQ; R g; gilfspd;

Nfhl;il jpad; gpad; G+ 1954 tpal;ehk; gilfsplk; tPor ; r ; pfz;lgpd; gpnuQ;R Ml;rp Kbtpw;F te;jJ. Mdhy; mth;fSila ,lj;jpw;F Nghiu Kd;ndLf;Fk; Nehf;fpy; mnkhpf;fg; gilfs; Kd;te;jd. tpal; ehkpah;fs; ,g;NghJ mnkhpff ; g;gilfNshL NkhjNtz;ba epiy Njhd;wpaJ. miu kpy; y paDf; F Nkyhd mnkhpf;fg;gilapdh; tpal;ehkpy; Ftpf;fg; gl;ldh;. ,jpy; 58000 Ngh; nfhy;yg;gl;ldh;.

1.5 ,yl;rk; Ngh; mq;ftPduhapdh;. 2000Ngh; fhzhky; Nghapdh;. mnkhpf;fh;fs; elj;jpa jhf;Fjypy; 20 ,yl;rk; tpal;ehkpag; nghJ kf;fs; nfhy;yg;gl;ldh;. 12.5 ,yl;rk; tpal; ehk; NghuhspfSk; capupoe;jdh;. cyf tiuglj;jpypUe;J tpal;ehik mfw;Wk; tY mnkhpff ; htplk; cz;L vd;W mg;NghJ tPuk; Ngrpa ghJfhg;Gr; nrayhsh; nwhghl;

\\\\kf; kf;fs; tpLjiy czh; i t mlf; F Kiwahy; mopj;Jtpl KbahJ. cyf tuyhW gfUk; cz;ikapJ|| vd;W vkJ Njrpaj; jiyth; mth;fs; $wpAs; s hh; . tpLjiy czh; t hdJ kdpjj;jpd; Mokhd mgpyhirapyhd gbahy; mij mopf;Fk; cghak; ,d;W fz;L gpbf; f g; g ltpy; i y. tpLjiyg; N ghh; fhuzkhf ehk; kPz;Lk; tPuk; nrwpe;j ,dkhf Gj; J aph; ngw; W s; N shk; . nkf; ehnkuh gpw;fhyj;jpy; jdJ E}y; %yk; tpal;ehkpa kf;fsplk; kd;dpg;Gf; Nfhhpdhh;. (In retrospect. the tragedy and lessons of vietnam: Robert mcnamara) 1975,y; mnkhpf; f h gLNjhy; t pAld; tpal; e hkpy; ,Ue; J ntspNawpaJ. mj;NjhL nghJkf;fspd; Jd;gk; Kbtpw;F tutpy;iy. tpkhdk; %yk; mnkhpf;fh;fs; nfhl;ba er;Rg;nghUl;fspd; jhf;fj;ij mth;fs; jiyKiw jiyKiwahf mDgtpf;fpwhh;fs;. tpal;ehk; kf;fspd; mtyj;ijAk; rfpgG ; j; jd;ikiaAk; tpsf;Fk; tuyhw;Wf; Fwpg;G mz;ikapy; ntspte;Js;sJ. mnkhpf;fh;fspd; fl;Lg;ghl;bypUe;j njd; tpal;ehKf;Fk; tpal;ehk; gilfspd; fl;Lg; ghl;bypUe;j tl tpal;ehkpw;Fk; ,ilapy; 05fpNyh kPww ; h; mfykhd #dpag;gpuNjrk; ,Ue;jJ. mjd; eLNt tpad;fha; ejpNahb aJ. #dpag; gpuNjrj;jpd; tlghy; tho;ej ; kf;fs; jkJ tho;tplq;fis epyj;jbapy; mikj;Jf;nfhz;ldh;. mit gJq;F Fopfs; my;y. tho;tplq;fs;. gy tUlq; fshf kf;fs; epyj;jbapy; tho;e;jdh;. epyj;jbapy; ,Ug;gplq;fs;> Ruq;fg;ghijfs;

vd;gdtNthL kUj;Jt trjpfSk; ,Ue; jd. kfg;Ngw;W miw ruhrhp rtg;ngl;bapd; gUkdpy; ,Ue;jJ. ,g;gFjp kPJ mnkhpf;f tpkhdq;fs; ,iltplhJ Fz;Lkio nghope;jd. Fz;LtPrR ; XAk;NghJ kf;fs; ntspNa te;J ehshe;j flikfisr; nra; thh;fs;. kPzL ; k; epyj;jb ,Ug;gplq;fSf;Fr; nry;thh;fs;. jhq; Jap jpuhk vd;w ngah; nfhz;l tpal;ehkpag; ngz; kUj;Jtg; Nghuhspapd; ehl;Fwpg;G E}y; tbtk; ngw; Ws;sJ. ,it tpal;ehkpa kw;Wk; Mq; fpy nkhoptbtq;fspy; 2005Mk; Mz;by; ntspte;jd. 1967 - 1970 tiu ,th; fsKidapy; nraw;gl;lhh;. jdJ 27Mk; tajpy; mnkhpf;fh;fspd; jhf;Fjy;fspd; NghJ A+d; 1970 ,y; rhtile;jhh;. ,tUila ehl;Fwpg;Gg; Gj;jfq;fis xU mnkhpf;fg; gilahs; ifg;gw;wp mnkhpf;fh nfhz;Lnrd;whd;. ,we;jth; FLk;gj;jpdhpd; mDkjpNahL ,g;NghJ vg;.gp.I. mjpfhhp ahfg; gzpahw;Wk; me;j mnkhpf;fh; ehl; Fwpg;G E}iy ntspapl;Ls;shh;.(The diary of dang thvy tram)vd;gJ ,e;E}ypd; ngauhFk;. mnkhpf; f h gLNjhy; t piar; re;jpj;j tpal;ehkpy; ntw;wpf;fhd ntwp NahL jhf;Fjy; elj;jg;gl;lJ. 02Mk; cyfg;Nghhpy; Nghl;l Fz;Lfspd; nkhj;j vilapYk; $ba vilapyhd Fz;Lfs; tpal;ehk; kPJ Nghlg;gl;ld. kuGrhuhg; Nghh; KiwfisAk; mnkhpf;fh;fs; tpal;ehkpy; eilKiwg;gLj;jpdh;. fpwpd; ngNu (Green beret) gilazpia 1962Mk; Mz;L rdhjpgjp nfdb cUthf;fpdhh;. Mo CLUtp vjphp epiyfs;> nghJkf;fs; tho; tplq;fs; kPJ jhf;Fjy; elhj;Jk; cj;jpia mnkhpf;fh;fs; tpal;ehk; Nghhpy; mwpKfk; nra; j hh; f s; . ,g; N ghJ mk; K iwia mth;fs; LRRP my;yJ Long Range Reconnaissance Patrol vd; W rq; N fj nkhopapy; Nyh; g ; ] ; (Lurps) vd; W k; mioj;jhh;fs;. tpal;ehkpy; mJ gLNjhy;tp mile;jJ. gy nghJkf;fisf; nfhd;wJjhd; kpr;rk;.

Nyh;g] ; ; Nghd;w Kiwia fpwpd; NgNu gilazpapdh; rpq;fs ,uhZtj; jpdUf;Ff; fw;Wf; nfhLj;jdh;. Muk;gj;jpy; mJ ey;y ntw;wpia mspjj ; J. tpLjiyg; Gypfs; xU ngWkjp tha;ej ; Nfzy; ju mjpfhhpiaAk; gy nyg;.Nfzy; ju cWg; gpdh;fisAk; njhlh;rr ; pahf ,oe;jdh;. ,e;j CLUty;fs; jkpoPoj;jpd; nghJkf;fs; kj;jpapy; ngUk; tpopg;ig Vw;gLj;jpaJ. vy;iyg;ghJfhg;gpd; mtrpaj;ij czh;j; jpaJ. je;jtDf;Nf jpUg;gpf;nfhL vd;Dk; Nfhl; g hl; b w; F mikthf CLUty; fSf;Fg; nghWg;ghdth;fis Gypfs; fhT nfhs;sj; njhlq;fpdh;. CLUt Kad;w NghJ nghJkf;fshy; Rl;Lf;nfhy;yg;gl;l uh[gf;r vd;w gilahy; Gypfspd; rPU ilia mzpe;jpUe;jhd;. Nghhpay; rk;ge;j khd rh;tNjr tpjpKiwfSf;F ,J Ku dhdJ. rh;tNjr r%fk; ftiyg;gl;ljhfj; njhpatpy;iy. ,t; tpjpKiwfs; n[dpth nfhd;ntd;rd; vd;W Fwpg;gplg;gLfpd;wd. ngUk; vz;zpf;ifapy; nfhd; nwhopf;Fk; NghJ vQ;rpNahh; tpLjiyg;Gyp fis ntWj; n jhJf; F thh; f s; vd; w ghlj;ij ,];Nwapypd; nkhrhl; cs tikg;G rpqf ; s ,uhZtj;jpwF ; r; nrhy;ypf; nfhLj;jJ. ,jd; mbg;gilapy; Kg;gil apdUk; $l;lhf jkpoid tifnjhifahf gLnfhiy nra;jdh;. vjph;ghh;j;j gyd; fpilf;ftpy;iy. tpLjiyg;GypfSf;Fk; nghJkf;fspw;Fk; ,ilapyhd ghrg; gpizg;ig xUtuhYk; rpijf;f KbahJ. Vndd;why; kf;fs;jhd; Gypfs;> Gypfs;jhd; kf;fs;. tpal;ehkpa n[duy; fpahg; mnkhpf;f ,uhZt Ma;thsh; ];uhd;yp fhh;NdhtpwF ; 1990,y; $wpajhtJ. ehq;fs; xU kf;fs; Nghiu (Peolple War) elj; jpNdhk;. mnkhpf;fhtpd; tYthd ,uhZt cgfuzq;fs; vk;ik nty;y Kbatpyi ; y ,Wjp ntw;wp kf;fs; gilf;Fj;jhd;.

09

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ele;jhNy efq;fSf;Fr; rhak; G+Rk; tsKs;s nre;epw kz;G+kp. tpkhd XLjsk; kl;Lkd;wp gyhypg;gFjp KOJNk rpwpyq;fhg; gilapdhpd; gpbapy; rp;f;fptpl;bUe;jJ. 1990Mk; Mz;L fhyg;gFjpapy; gyhypg; gilj;jsj;jpd; ngUk;gFjpia

flw;fUk;Gyp Nk[h; jkpo;kq;if/iew;wpq;Nfs;

iew;wpq;Nfs; Ntz;Lk; vd;w mthpd; gpbthjNk filrpapy; ntd;wJ. vd;Dila mzpapy; iew;wpq;Nfs; ,Uf;fNtz;Lk; vd;w tpUg;gk; ,th; xUthplk; kl;Lky;y> mzpj;jiytpfs; gyhplKk; ,Ue;jJ. kpfr; rpwe;j #l;lhsh; vd;gjhy; ,tUf;F Mh;.gp.[p toq;fg;gl;lJ. Vtg;gLfpd;w vwpfizfs; xt;nthd;Wk; ,yf;if rhpahfj; jhf;fNtz;Lk;. “jtwptpl;lJ” vd;w nrhy;Yf;F mfuhjpapy; ,lkpy;iy. vdNt Mh;.gp.[pAk; iew;wpq;NfSk; Njhs; Nrh;e;jdh;. tpLjiyg;Gypfspd; tuyhw;Wg; Gfo;kpf;f> Mfha

G+efhpg; gilj;js ,uhZtk; mjw;fpilapy; Kd;dfug; Nghtjw;fhd mwpFwpfs; njd;gl> kwpg;gjw;F G+q;fh jiyikapy; ngz; Nghuhspfspd; mzpnahd;W NghdJ. kwpg;G Ntypahff; fhg;guz;fis mikj;jJ. Mh;.gp.[pf;fSf;fhd epiyfs; kpf Neh;j;jpahf iew;wpq;Nfspd; topelj;jypy; mikf;fg;gl;L> ghh;itia <h;j;jd. epiyfisg; ghh;itapl te;jhh; Nfzy; nrhh;zk;. mthpd; ftdj;ijAk; me;epiyfs; <h;j;jd.

“Mh; cq;fl Mh;.gp.[p nghWg;ghsh;?”

(rj;jpathzp Jiuuhrh) G+efhp> kd;dhh;.

22.02.1998 gUj;jpj;Jiwf; flw;gFjpapy; ggjh jiuapwq;F fyk; kPjhd jhf;Fjy;.

tpLjiyg;Gypfs; kfsph; gilazp fhty; nra;jJ. ,e;jpa ,uhZtj;jplk; Nghh;g;gapw;rpia %d;whz;Lfs; gapd;wpUe;j> gilazpapd; %j;j cWg;gpdh;fSk; mg;NghJjhd; gapw;rp Kbj;J te;j Gjpath;fSkhf Jbg;Gkpf;f ,isath;fshy; vkJ fhty; muz;fs; vg;NghJNk tpopg;ghf ,Ue;jd. fduf MAjq;fspd; gyk; ,y;yhj fhyk; mJ. vOgj;ije;J Ngh; nfhz;l mzp fhty; nra;Ak; gFjpapy; xNunahU gpwz; vy;.vk;.[pAk; xU Mh;.gp.[pAk; epd;w fhyk;. vkJ giltY ,yFuf MAjf;fhuh;fsJ #l;L tYtpYk;> kNdhtYtpYk; Ngzg;gl;lJ. ifapy; Fz;LfSlNdh> RLfyd;fSlNdh xUth;> ,Utuhf Kd;NdNgha; giff; fhg;guz;fis neUq;fpj; jpBh;j; jhf;Fjy; nra;J vjphpia epiyFiya itg;gJjhd; mg;NghJ vkJ Kf;fpa Ntiy. iew;wpq;Nfs; ,jpy; kpfTk; Njh;e;jth;. vjphp VTk; ,U uitfSf;F ,ilNaAs;s ,ilntspiag; gad;gLj;jp Kd;NdwTk; gp;d;dfuTk; mtuhy; KbAk; vd;W$w vq;fspy; gyuhy; mtuJ nray;fs; nrhy;yg;gLtJz;L. gyhypapd; nropj;j thiokuq;fspy; xd;Wkl;Lk; NghJk; vjphpapd; fz;zpy; glhky; ,tUf;Ff; fhg;gspf;f. mt;tsT nky;ypa cly;thF. Njhw;wj;Jf;Fr; rw;Wk; nghUe;jhj fLk; Jzpr;ry;. rpwpJk; FwptOthj #L. 1990Mk; Mz;bd; gpw;gFjpapy; khq;Fsj;jpy; mike;jpUe;j rpwpyq;fhg; gilj;jsj;ij mopg;gjw;fhd gapw;rpf;F jpwikahsh; gyh; Njh;e;njLf;fg;gl;lNghJ gl;baypy; iew;wpq;Nfs; vd;w ngah; Kd;dzpapy; ,Ue;jJ. mg;NghJ mth; VONgh; nfhz;l mzpapd; nghWg;ghsh;. ,thpd; Nkyhd nghWg;ghsh; gyhypapypUe;J iew;wpq;Nfisg; Nghftplkhl;Nld; vd;W rpwg;Gj; jsgjpaplk; xw;iwf;fhypy; epd;whh;. rz;ilnahd;wpy; jhd; tpOe;jhy;> ntw;wplj;ij epug;g

10

fly; ntspr;rkh; gue;j ntspapy; tphpe;jNghJ flyhy; jiuapwf;fg; gl;L ,iue;Jte;j uhq;fpfsplkpUe;J vkJ Mszpiag; ghJfhf;f Mh;.gp.[papd; gyk; Njitg;gl;lJ. ve;j mzpapYk; ,y;yhJ iew;wpq;Nfs; jdpahf ,aq;ftplg;gl;bUe;jhh;. “iew;wpq;Nfis mDg;G” vd;w fl;lis fsj;jpd; xU KidapypUe;Jk;> Nfzy; ghy;uh[plkpUe;Jk; tUk;. kW KidapypUe;J Nfzy; ahopdpaplkpUe;Jk; (tpJ\h) tUk;. vq;F uhq;f; ,iue;jNjh> mq;F mth; Njitg;gl;lhh;.

Nfzy; nrhh;zj;jpd; Kd;> fhw;wpyhLk; fOFNghy te;J epd;w iew;wpq;Nfisg; ghh;f;f mtUf;Fr; rphpg;G te;Jtpl;lJ. “vj;jpid n\y; mbr;rpUf;fpwPq;fs;?” “,Ugj;jp%z;L” mjph;r;rp jUk; gjpy;. “vq;nfq;Nf mbr;rPq;fs;?”

“Midapwtpy gjpndl;L. mJf;Fg; gpwF Ntw Ntw rz;ilaspy mQ;R” iew;wpq;Nfisf; $h;e;J ghh;j;jth;> “ePq;fs;jhd; me;j iew;wpq;NfNsh!” vd;whh;. ,JNghJk;. ,jw;FNky;

- kiykfs; vj;jpirapy; mth; NghdhNuh> mq;F mjd;gpd; uhq;fpd;. ,iur;ry; Nfl;fhJ. fsj;jpd; Njitf;Nfw;g fLfjpahf tpiuAk; iew;wpq;Nfs;> JspAk; jw;ngUik ,y;yhj> vg;NghJk; vtiuAk; fdk; gz;Zfpd;w jd; ,ay;gpy; filrptiu tOttpy;iy.

1993Mk; Mz;by; G+efhpapypUe;j rpwpyq;fhg; gilj;jsj;ijj; jhf;Ftjw;F ehk; jahuhfpf; nfhz;bUe;Njhk;. eltbf;ifapy; ,wq;fg;NghFk; Mh;.gp.[pf;fspd; nghWg;ghsh; iew;wpq;Nfs;.

iew;wpq;Nfisg; gw;wp ehk; NtnwJTk; Ngrj;Njitapy;iy.

Nghd rz;ilfs; vjpYNk mth; fhag;gl;ljpy;iy. jdJ ,yf;ifj; jhf;fptpl;L> rpW fPwy;$l ,y;yhky; jpUk;gpte;j xt;nthU KiwAk;> “VNjh xU rz;ilapy; ehd; KOrhg; NghwJf;Fj;jhd; ,g;gbf; fhaq;fNsapy;yhky; thwd;” vd;wth; G+efhp rpq;fsf;; $l;Lg;gilj;jsk; kPjhd “jtis” eltbf;ifapy; fhypy;yhky; te;jNghJ> rw;W epk;kjpaile;Njhk; Ms; Nghtijtplf; fhy;NghdJ

guthapy;iynad;W. xw;iwf; fhNyhL jd; tho;tpd; mLj;j fl;lk; ,Jjhd; vd;gij mth; KbntLj;jNghJ ehk; ftiyailatpy;iy. flypYk; mthpd; Ntfk; jzpatpy;iy vdg; ngUikg;gl;Nlhk;.

*** rpWj;ijfisg;

Nghd;W gJq;fpg;ghAk; mzpnahd;wpd; eph;thf Ntiyapy; rpyfhyk; gq;Nfw;w gpd; tpLjiyg;Gypfs; kfsph; gilazpf;F te;jpUe;jhh; epj;jpah. vg;NghJk; rphpj;j Kfk;. kdk; rphpg;gJ tpopfspy; ntspg;gilahfj; njhpAk;gbahd rphpg;G. risf;fhky;> fisf;fhky; vj;jid fbd gapw;rpiaAk; nra;jhh;. tpLjiyg; Gypfs; kfsph; gilazpf;F te;j ehspypUe;J njhlh;e;J rz;iljhd;. njhlh;e;J fhaq;fs;jhd;. gapw;rp nra;thh;. fsk; nry;thh;. fhaj;NjhL te;J Xa;ntLg;ghh;. kWgb gapw;rp> rz;il> fhak;> .......> .......> vd;W xU njhlh; rq;fpyp. mikjpahd

,ay;igf;nfhz;l mth; fz;bg;ghd mzp Kjy;tpahf my;yhky;> md;ghd mzp Kjy;tpahfNt jdJ Kjw;fskhd 1992Mk; Mz;by; njhz;ilkhdhw;wpypUe;J

flw;fUk;Gyp Nk[h; epj;jpah (nry;tuhrh jahspdp )aho;g;ghzk; 16.09.2001 gUj;jpj;Jiwf; flw;gug;gpy; fg;gy; njhluzp kPjhd fUk;Gypj; jhf;Fjy;.

xl;lfg;Gyk; tiuahd E}w;iwk;gJ fhg;guz;fs; kPjhd jhf;Fjypy; njhlq;fp> 1997,y; n[arpf;FW vjph;eltbf;if tiu vk;NkhbUe;jhh;. gapw;rp nra;jhy;> J}uk; ele;jhy; fhy; tPq;Fk; vd;W njhpe;Jnfhz;Nl risf;fhky; vy;yhtw;wpYk; <Lgl;l epj;jpahtpDs; fUk;Gypf; fdT nkhl;ltpo;;e;J thrk; tPrpaNghJ> vq;fSf;Fj; njhpe;Jtpl> “vd;d epj;jpah> fUk;Gypg; gapw;rp nra;apw epiyikapyh eP ,Uf;fpwha; ” vd;w ez;gpfspd; mf;fiwahd Nfs;tpf;Fk; rphpg;igNa gjpyhfj; je;Jtpl;L> mth; Ngha;tpl;lhh;.

Mdp - 2006

mz;ikapy; mwptpf;fg;gl;l INuhg;gpa xd;wpaj; jilapd; gpd;du; jkpo;kf;fspilNa NghUf;fhd xU vjpu;ghu;gG ; k; jkpoupd; Nridfspy;> mjpYk; Fwpg;ghf jkpoPoj; Njrpaj; Jizg;gilapy; Ml;Nru;tJk; kpf mjpfkhfpapUf;fpwJ. jkJ jdpg;gl;l my;yJ FLk;gf; fhuzq;fSf;fhf mikg;gpypUe;J tpyfpapUe;j Nghuhspfspy;$l 80tPjkhdtu;fs; kPzL ; k; ,ize;jpUf;fpwhu;fs;. ehd;fhz;Lg; Ngr;Rthu;ji ; jfisAk; mjd; rhjf ghjfq;fisAk; cd;dpg;ghff; ftdpj;jgb kjpy;Nky; G+idNghd;w kdepiyapy; ,Ue;j rpyUk; ,dpg; Nghu;jhd; vd;w KbTf;F te;jtu;fshfr; nraw;gLtJ njupfpwJ. jilfs; gzpit Vw;gLj;Jk; vd;w

,e;jj; jPit INuhg;gpau; ifafg;gLj;jpaNghJ jkpou; Mz;Lte;j jiuiaAk; fliyAk; Nru;jN ; j ifafg;gLj;jpdu;. mg;NghJjhd; jkpou;fs; Kjd;Kjyhf jq;fs; jhaff; flypd; ,iwikia ,oe;jhu;fs;.

INuhg;gpau; ,yq;ifia tpl;Lr;nrd;wNghJ jkpou;fsplkpUe;J gwpj;j ,iwikiaAk; Nru;jJ ; r; rpq;fstu;fsplk; nfhLj;Jtpl;Lr; nrd;whu;fs;. rpq;fstu;fs; jkpou; flw;gug;ig ,iwik nfhz;lhbanjd;why; mJ nts;isau;fs; tpl;Lr;nrd;w ehspypUe;J flw;Gypfs; gFjpgFjpahf kPln ; lLf;f Muk;gpj;jJ tiuahd fhyg;gFjpapy; kl;LNk. ,J jiuf;Fk; nghUe;Jk;. INuhg;gpa tUifapd; Kd;dhd Mapuj;jhz;Lfhyj; jkpou; ,iwikia ,g;NghJ eLtk; tfpf;fte;j ehLfs; rl;ltpNuhjk; vd;w Njhuizapy; mZFtijj; jkpou;fs;

nraw;glTk; nra;jpUf;fpwhu;fs;. mjd; tpisNt jhNk murhjy; vDk; jj;Jtk;. murhjiyj; jtpu NtnwJTk; vtUk; jq;fs; gpur;rpidiaj; jPuf ; f ; Kbahnjd;gNj <oj;jkpoupd; fhy;E}w;whz;Lfhy mDgtk;. mz;ika INuhg;gpa xd;wpaj; jilAk; me;jf; fUj;ij typAWj;JtjhfNt cs;@upy; Gupe;Jnfhs;sg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. Vndd;why; INuhg;gpar; r%fj;jpd; kPJjhd; jkpou; ek;gpf;if itj;jpUe;jhu;fs;. jkpoupd; fly; epy thd; ,iwik rpq;fstuplk; Nghtjw;Ff; fhuzkhapUe;jtu;fs; vd;w tifapy;

,y;yq;fs; cl;gl;l r%ff; fupridNahlike;j Coyw;w epUthf mikg;GKiw ,q;Nf cz;L. Rdhkpapd;Nghjhd mdu;jj ; eptu;jj ; p efu;Tfspy; Ik;gJ taijj; jhz;ba mz;ila muirtplj; jpwikiaAk; Jupjj;ijAk; Neu;jj ; piaAk; fhl;bapUf;fpwJ jkpoPo muR. jdJ kf;fSf;fhf capu;je;J NghuhLk; Kg;gilfisAk; rpwg;Gg; gilg;gpupTfisAk; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ.

mt;tuP u;fshy; fhf;fg;gLtJk; gd;dhl;L eLtu;fshy; mq;ff P upf;fg;gl;lJkhd Ml;rp vy;iyfisAk; ,t;tuR nfhz;bUf;fpwJ.

vjpu;ghu;gG ; f;fSf;F Neu;tpNuhjkhd ,e;j epfo;TfisAk; epytuq;fisAk; ftdpf;Fk; mtjhdp xUtUf;F cyf rKjhaj;jpd; rkpf;iQfisj; jkpo;j; jug;G ruptug; Gupe;Jnfhz;Ljhd; ,aq;Ffpwjh vd;w Nfs;tp voyhk;. mf;Nfs;tpNa Ma;tpw;FupaJ. Kjypy; jkpou;fs; jq;fis ahu; vd milahsg; gLj;Jfpwhu;fs; vd;gJ Kf;fpakhdJ. mnkupf;fhtpy; thOk; G+u;tFbfis ehk; vy;NyhUNk nrt;tpe;jpau;fs; vd E}w;whz;L fhykhf mioj;jhYk; mtu;fs; jq;fis ,e;jpau;fs; Nghy; khw;wpf;nfhz;ljpy;iy. khWthu;fs; vd vjpu;ghu;ff ; Tk; KbahJ. ,NjNghyNt jkpou;fSk; jhk; rpwpyq;fhitr; Nru;ej ; tu;fs; vd miof;fg;gl tpUk;gtpy;iy. rpq;fsr; \rpwp| ,w;F vjpuhd Fog;gk; ,jw;F cjhuzk;.

1977,y; epfo;e;j nghJj;Nju;ypy; mNj tplaj;ij ,d;iwa cyf rdehaf topapYk; mNj nkhopapYk; <oj;jkpou;fs; $wptpl;lhu;fs;. murpay; jiytu;fSf;fpilNaahd xg;ge;jq;fis tpl ,JNt jhu;kf P j; jFjpia mjpfk; nfhz;bUf;Fk; fUj;J ntspg;ghL. ,e;jf; fUj;Jf;fs; gw;wpa gpuf;iQaw;w Ngr;Rf;fNsh cld;gbf;iffNsh ,q;Nf nry;yhJ vd;w epiyf;Fj; jkpo;kf;fs; te;J ntFfhykhd gpd;Dk; xw;iwahl;rp gw;wpa $r;ry; vOk;NghJ xU Nfypf;$j;ij ,urpf;Fk; kdepiyiaNa mJ mtu;fSf;F Vw;gLj;JfpwJ. ,q;Fs;s jkpou;fs; jhq;fs; jdpj;JtKk; ,iwikAk; cs;s Fbfs; vd;Nw jq;fisf; fUJfpwhu;fs;. me;jg; gpd;dzpapy; fle;jkhjk; ntw;wpiyf;Nfzpf;F mg;ghy; epfo;e;j flw;rkupd; gpd;du; rpq;fsf; flw;gilj; jsgjp jq;fs; fly; ,iwik gw;wpg; NgrpaJk; jkpoPof; flw;gilj; jsgjp mjw;Fg; gjpypWj;jJk; ftdpg;gpw;Fupait. jkpou; jhafj;ij mz;ba flypd;kJ P rpq;fsf; flw;gilf;F ,iwik vg;NghJ vq;qdk; te;jJ vd;W Kjypy; ghu;ff ; Ntz;Lk;.

Mdp - Mb> 2006

,urpf;ftpy;iy. ajhu;jj ; k; tpsq;fhj vupr;rY}l;Lk; nrayhfNt mJ ghu;ff ; g;gLfpwJ. gd;dhl;L kj;jpaj;jpd; kPjhd ek;gpf;ifiaAk; mJ ntFthfr; rpijf;fpwJ. mLj;jJ> xU murpw;Fk; mjd; vjpu;gg ; hsu;fSf;Fk; ,ilNaahd gpzf;fpd; kPjhd cyf mZFKiw gw;wpa <oj;jkpoupd; mDgtk;. xU cupikg; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; mury;yhNjhUf;F gy trjpfs; kWf;fg;gLfpd;wd. rpy trjpfis toq;f Kd;tUk; gpw muRfs;$l mjw;F tpiyahf cupikf;fhd ,yl;rpaj;jpd; rhuj;ij my;yJ xU gFjpia tpl;Lf;nfhLj;jiyf; Nfl;fpd;;wd. my;yJ murpw;Fr;

rhjfkhd ,Oj;jbg;gpw;F xj;Jg;Nghfpd;wd. mjw;fhd fhuzq;fs; Gupe;Jnfhs;sj;jf;fit. ,d;iwa cyf xOq;fpy; muR vd;gNj cr;r mjpfhuk; nfhz;l fl;likg;G. mjDldhd tzpfj; njhlu;GfNs ghJfhg;ghdit. ,t;tifapy;>; xU muR ,d;DNkhu; muir> mJ vj;jifa jd;ikiaf; nfhz;ljhapDk; jd; ,dkhfg; ghu;ff ; pwJ. jtpu> jhu;kf P eyd;fis tplTk; tzpf kw;Wk; gpuhe;jpa eyd;fs; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngWfpd;wd. kdpj cupikfs; kw;Wk; nfhs;if Nfhl;ghLfs; gw;wp vy;NyhUk; tha;fpopaf; fj;jpdhYk; ,JNt jtpu;ff ; Kbahj khwh cyf xOq;F. ,e;jg; NgUz;ikia fhy;E}w;whz;L tpLjiyg;Nghuhl;l mDgtj;jpy; jkpo;kf;fs; gyKiw Kfj;jpy; miwthq;fpf; fw;Witj;jpUf;fpwhu;fs;. me;j mDgtj;jpd; tpisnghUshf

jkpou; gpur;rpid njhlu;ghd nghWg;Gzu;T ,Uf;fyhk; vd;w vjpu;ghu;gG ; k; ,uz;L jrhg;jq;fspd; Nkyhf Gyk;ngah;ej ; <oj;jkpo; kf;fs; thOk; Njrq;fs; vd;w tifapy; miu E}w;whz;Lfhy xLf;FKiwf;Fs; thOk; kf;fs;kJ P mDjhgk; ,Uf;Fk; vd;w epidTk; jfu;e;J Nghdjpy; kf;fSf;F Vkhw;wNk. ,yq;ifapy; ,Ue;J ntspNawpaNghJ jkpoUf;fhd cupikg; ghJfhg;ig cWjpg;gLj;jj; jtwptpl;Nlhk; vd gpupj;jhdpaj; J}Jtu; nrhy;ypapUg;gJ MWjyspj;jhYk; mJ jPut ; hfhJ.

,q;Fs;s ,Ugj;ije;J tajpw;Fl;gl;l ,isatu;fs; jhk; cyif mwpaj;njhlq;fpa ehl;fspy; ,Ue;J fz;L tsu;ej ; Jk; munrd;W mwpe;jpUg;gJk; jkpoPo muirj;jhd;. jkf;Fg; ghJfhg;Gk; nfsutKk; fy;tp njhopw;Wiw Nghd;wtw;wpy; Neu;j;jpahd fz;fhzpg;Gk; nfhz;l> me;epa nkhop Ngrhj> cwtpdu;fSk; gq;Nfw;Fk; xU ,yl;rpa murpy; mtu;fs; jrhg;j fhykhff; Fbtho;fpwhu;fs;.

vd;gjpy; <oj;jkpoUf;Fj; jLkhw;wk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy vd;gijNa ,q;Fs;s epiyikfs; Nfhbfhl;Lfpd;wd.

1995,d; gpd;du; td;dpg; ngUepyg; gFjpapy; xU ];jpukhd muR ,aq;fptUij ahUk; kWf;fKbahJ. mt;turpy; gjpd;k Mz;LfSf;FNkw; goikahd ePjpepUthfk;> nghUz;kpak;> fhtw;Wiw Nghd;wit jpwd;glr; nraw;gLfpd;wd.

,e;j vjhu;jj ; epiyia cyff; ftdj;jpypUe;J jpirjpUg;Gk; Nehf;fpy; kfpe;j jd; Kd;Ndhu;fisg;NghyNt murpayikg;G vDk; rhf;filf;Fs; rj;Js;s jPu;Tkpl;lha; NjLfpNwd; Ngu;top vd;W murpay; gk;khj;Jf; fhl;Lfpwhu;. me;j ehlfj;ij cyfk; fz;bf;ftpy;iy. jkpou;kPjhd rpwpyq;fhtpd; gLnfhiyfis epWj;jKbahkYk; ghJfhg;G tyaj;jhy; mfjpKfhk;fspy; thONthiu kPsTk; Fbaku;jj ; Tk; KbahkYk; ,Uf;Fk; gd;dhl;Lr; rKjhak;> ,j;jt P py; jkpou; ghJfhg;ghfTk; nfsutkhfTk; %r;Rtplf;$ba xNu ,lkhd jkpoPo eilKiw muir Muk;gepiyf; nfupy;yh mikg;Gf;fSld; xg;gpl;L mury;yhNjhu;> gaq;futhjpfs;> jilfs; Nghd;w me;epag;gLj;Jk; nrhw;fSf;Fs; nfhz;Ltu Kaw;rpg;gJ cyf eLtk; kPjhd ek;gpf;ifiar; rpijf;fpd;wNjad;wp jkpoPo muRkPjhd ek;gpf;ifiaAk; mijg; gykhf;fNtz;Lk; vd;w vz;zj;ijAk; tYg;gLj;jNt nra;jpUf;fpwJ vd;w jftiyNa jkpoPog; gilfspy; mjpfkhfr; NrUtjd;%yk; jkpo;kf;fs; ,bj;Jiuf;fpwhu;fs;.

,e;j muR jd; kf;fSf;nfjpuhd ghupa gilnaLg;Gf;fis ntw;wpfukhf Kwpabj;jpUf;fpwJ. kf;fSf;nfjpuhd Mz;Lf;fzf;fhd nghUshjhuj; jilfis ,yhtfkhff; ifahz;L gl;bdpr; rhT Vw;glhtz;zk; Ml;rp Gupe;jpUf;fpwJ. ngw;Nwhiu ,oe;j Foe;ijfs;> %jhsu;> kdtypik Fiwe;Njhu; Nghd;NwhUf;fhd

rpq;fstu;fsplk; NgRtjw;F vJTk; ,y;yhj epiyapy; cyf r%fj;jplk; mtu;fs; Nfl;gJ ,ijNa: vq;fs; ghuk;gupa cupikia mq;ff P upAq;fs;. my;yJ ehq;fshf mikj;jpUf;Fk; muirahtJ Vw;Wf;nfhs;Sq;fs;. Fiwe;jJ Ik;gjhz;Lfhy rpwpyq;fh murpd; muh[fq;fis epahag;gLj;jhkyhtJ ,Uq;fs;.

,Ue;jhYk;> Vkhw;wq;fs; gof;fkhfptpl;l Nghuhl;l tho;fi ; fapy; jhq;fs; mLj;J vd;d nra;aNtz;Lk;

11

,q;Fk; te;jpwq;fptpl;ldh; tpLjiyia tpw;Wthq;Fk; Ntljhhpfs;.

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