ltte

08 04

fdT nka;g;gl...

03 vLj;Jr; nry;Yq;fs;... z«_: 137

me;epah; Ml;rpAk;...

06

fpof;fpd; FWq;fs...

09

rpwpyq;fhtpd;...

Mtzp-Gul;lhjp> 2007

¶[ù©A: 12/=

rpq;fsg; gilfs; Muk;gpj;Js;s

td;dp kPjhd ngUk; Nghh; td;dp epyg;gug;G kPJ ngUnkLg;gpy; rknuhd;iwj; njhLj;J mij Mf;fpukpf;fNtz;Lk; vd;gJ kfpe;j murpd; fdthf cs;sJ. ,e;jr; rkUf;F N[.tp.gp kw;Wk; nfycWka Nghd;w mjpjPtpu ,d thjf; fl;rpfs; kl;Lky;y If;fpa Njrpaf; fl;rpAk; Mjutspg;gjhfg; gfpuq;fkhf mwptpj;Js;sJ. ,g;NghJ td;dp Mf;fpukpg;G rpq;fsf; fl;rp fspd; nghJf;fdthfptpll ; J. rpqf ; s kf;fSk; mj;j ifanjhU Mf; f pukpg; G g; NghUf; F Mjutspj; Js;sdh;. rkhjhd tpUk;gpfshff; fhl;bf;nfhz;l rpq;fsg; Gj;jp[PtpfSk; td;dp kPjhd gilnaLg; gpw;F MjuT njhptpj;J rpq;fs Clfq;fspy; fUj; Jiufs; vOjp tUfpd;wdh;. td;dp kPjhd gilnaLg;G Kaw;rpfSf;F rh;tNjr kdpj chpik mikg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk; rpy ehLfs; vjph;g;Gj; njhptpj;JtUfpd;wd ngUnkLg;

gpy; kdpj mtyk; epfOk; vd;w vjph;ghh;g;gpy; mj;jifa gilnaLg;ig mit vjph;ff ; pd;wd.

MapDk;> kfpej ; muR td;dpkj P hd rkiu elhj;j tpUk;Gfpd;wJ. rpwpyq;fh ghJfhg;G mikr; rpd; nrayh; Nfhj;jgha uh[gf;r td;dp kPjhd gilnaLg;Gg; gw;wp mbf;fb fUj;J ntspapl;LtU fpd;whh;. ,Nj fUj;ijr; rpq;fsj;jpd; rdhjpgjpAk; - ghJfhg;G mikr;rUk; - Kg;gilj; jsgjpAkhfg; nghWg;G tfpf;Fk; kfpe;j uh[gf;rTk; ntspapl;

Ls;shh;. Ky;iyj;jT P khtl;lj;ijf; ifg;gw;wpNa jPUNthk; vd;W mth; mz;ikapy; gfpuq;fkhff; fUj;Jntspapl;Ls;shh;. fUj; J f; f s; - #OiufSf; F mg; g hy; ,g;NghJ rpq;fs muR td;dpkPJ jdJ gilnaLg; Gj; jpl;lj;ij eilKiwg;gLj;jj; njhlq;fptpl;lJ. kd;dhh; fsKidapy; - Kfkhiyr; rkuuq;fpy; rpq;fsg; gilfs; fsq;fisj; jpwe;Js;sd. khe;ijNkw;F cjtp mur mjpgh; gphptpy; kf;fs; ,g;NghJ trpf;fKbahj mstpw;Ff; fLik ahd vwpfiz kw;Wk; thd; jhf;Fjy;fisr; rpq;fsk; mq;Nf elhj;jptUfpd;wJ. gy;yhapuk; kf;fs; ,lk;ngah;eJ ; my;yw;gLfpd;wdh;.

Kfkhiyr; rkuuq;fpYk; fle;j ,uz;L %d;W ehl;fshfg; ngUe;jhf;Fjiyg; gilapdh; njhLj;Js;sdh;. fpshyp - ehfh;Nfhtpy; fsKid (02Mk; gf;fk; ghh;ff ; )

rpq; f s murpd; Ra&gk; cyf muq; f py; mk; g ykhfj; njhlq; f pAs; s J. jkpoh; kPjhd mjd; ,dntwpg; N ghf; F k; ntspehLfs; njhlh;ghd mjd; ntWg;Gzh;Tk; ,d;W cWjpg; gLj;jg;gl;l cz;ikfshfptpl;ld. murpay; chpik Nfhhp FunyOg;gpa jkpopdj;jpw;nfjpuhf fle;j 30 tUlfhykhfr; rpq;fs muR xU ,d mopg;Gg; Nghiu elhj;jptUfpd;wJ. mePjpahd me;jg;NghUf;fhf khwpkhwp Ml;rp gPlNkwpa rpq;fsj; jiyth;fs; gy;yhapuk;Nfhb &gha;fisr; nrytpl;LtUfpd;wd. mgptpUj; j p - cjtp vd; w kdpjhgpkhd vz; z q; f Sld; ntspehl; L muRfs; rpq; f s Njrj;jpw;F toq;fpa epjpAjtpfis mJ NghUf;Fr; nrytpl; L mopTfis mWtil nra; J tU fpd;wJ. rpq;fs murpd; ,e;jg; Nghh;ntwpf; Fzhk; rj;ij ,y;yhnjhopf;f cyfehLfs;> gytopfsp Yk; Kad;wd. MNyhridfs; $wp - mOj;jq; fs; nfhLj;J - vr;rhpf;iffSk; nra;J ghh;j;Jj; Njhy; t pfz; l d. ,g; N ghJ kl; L g; g Lj; j g; gl; l mstpy; nraypYk; rpy ehLfs; ,wq;fp As;sd. rpq;fs murpd; Nghh;ntwpf;Fj; jPdpNghLk; nghUz;kpa - ,uhZt cjtpfisr; rpwpyq;fh tpw; F toq; F tjpy; i y vd; W rpy INuhg; g pa ehLfs; jPh;khdpj;Js;sd. ‘rpwpyq; f htpw; f hd ,uhZt cjtpfs; ePbf;fg;glf;$lhJ’ vd;W mnkhpf;f nrdw;rigAk; jPh;khdk; ,aw;wpAs;sjhfr; nra;jpfs; njhptpf;fpd;wd. rh; t Njrj; njhz; L epWtdq; f s; gzpnra; a Kbahj Mgj; j hd ehLfspd; thpirapy; #lhDf; F mLj; j jhfr; rpwpyq;fh cs;sJ vd;W I.eh kdpj chpikfs; tptfhuj;jpw;fhd gpujpr;nrayh; mz;ikapy; nfhOk;gpy; itj;Jf;$wpapUe;jhh;. nfhiyfSk; - Ml;flj;jy;fSk; - fhzkw;Nghjy;fSk; mur MjuTld; ,yq;ifj; jPtpy; eilngw;W tUfpd;wd vd;W cyf kdpj chpik mikg; G fs; rpq; f s muirf; fz; b j; J tUfpd;wd. cz; i kfis mk; g yg; g Lj; J fpd; w ,e; j r; rh; t Njrf; fz;ldq;fshy; Mj;jpukile;j mikr;rh;fSk; - mur jiyth; fSk; rh;tNjr r%fj;ij mtkhdg;gLj;Jk; tifapy; thh;ji ; jr; NrWfis ms;sptPrpAk; tUfpd;wdh;. ,jd; tpisthfr; rpwpyq;fh murpw;Fk; rh;tNjr ehLfs; rpytw;wpw;Fkhd cwT epifspYk; tphpry;fs; Vw;gl;LtUfpd;wd. jkpohpd; ,dg;gpur;rpidia mikjptopapy; murpay; jPhT ; %yk; rpq;fs muR toq;fNtz;Lk; vd;W cyf ehLfs; Nfhhp tUfpd;wd. Gypfs; ,af;fj;Jld; Ngrp xU ,zf;fg;ghl;bw;F tuNtz;Lk; vd;Wk; mit MNyhridfs; $wptUfpd;wd.

(01Mk; gf;fj; njhlh;r;rp) fspy; rpq;fsg; gilfs; Kd;Ndw;w Kaw;rpfisAk; nra;J ghh;ff ; pd;wd. ,e;j Kd;Ndw;w Kaw;rpfs; vy;yhtw;iwAk; Gyp tPuh;fs; Kwpabj;Jg; gilapdiu Klf;fptUfpd;wdh;. td;dp tho; kf;fs; kPJ rhitAk; - ,lg;ngah;T mtyq;fisAk; Rkj;jp> fpof;F khfhzr; rkh;fisg;Nghy> epyk; Mf;fpukp;ff ; rpq;fsg;gilfs; Mirg;gLfpd;wd. td;dpiar; rpq;fsg; gilfs; Mf;fpukpj;jhy; ngUk; ,dg;gLnfhiy elf;Fk; vd;gJ rh;tNjr kdpj chpik thjpfspd; fUj;jhfTs;sJ mNjNtis td;dp kf;fis xU ngUk; NghUf;Fg; Gypfs; ,af;fk; jahh;g;gLj;jp itj;jpUg;gjhy; rpq;fsg; gilfspd; Mf;fpukpg;G Mir 02

epiwNtw tha;g;gpy;iy vd;Wk; ,uhZt Ma;thsh;fs; fUj;Jf;$wptUfpd;wdh;. xl;Lnkhj;jj;jpy; xU ngUk; Nghh; td;dp kz;zpy; epfog;Nghfpd;wJ vd;W rh;tNjr r%fk; vjph;ghh;f;fpd;wJ. vjphp Mirg;gLtJ Nghy td;dpr; rkh; rpq;fsg; gilfSf;F ,yFthdjhf ,Uf;fg;Nghtjpy;iy. td;dp kz;zpd; xt;nthU FLk;gKk; rkhpy; Neubahfg; gq;Nfw;Fk; mstpw;F tpLjiyg;Nghuhl;lk; tphptile;Js;sJ. Gypfs; ,af;fj;jpd; Ml;gyKk; ngUfpAs;sJ. vjphp njhLj;j rpWrpW jhf;Fjy;fisnay;yhk; Kwpabj;j GyptPuh;fs; cw;rhfj;JlDk; Xh;kj;JlDk; fsKidapy; fhj;jpUf;fpd;wdh;. td;dp tho; kf;fSk;

vdpDk; rh;tNjrj;jpd; FuYf;Fr; rpq;fs muR kjpg;gspg;g jhf ,y;iy. njhlh;eJ ; k; jkpohpd; ,dg;gpur;rpidf;F ,uhZtj; jPhi ; t toq;FtjpNyNa mJ Mh;tkhf cs;sJ. ,g;NghJ td;dp kPJ xU ngUk; gilnaLg; g pw; F r; rpq; f s muR Maj; j khfp tUfpd;wJ. fpof;fpy; Vw;gLj;jpa kdpj mtyj;ijtpl gd;klq;F mopTfis td; d papy; Vw; g Lj; j r; rpq; f sg; g ilj; j iyik jpl;lkpl;Ls;sJ. rpq;fsj;jpd; Nghh;ntwpf;F Mjhukhd nghUsh jhuk; rpwpyq;fhtpy; ,y;iy vd;gNj cz;ik. fle;j 20 Mz;L fSf;Fk; Nkyhfr; rh;tNjr ehLfs; toq;fptUk; kdpjhgpkhd cjtpfspd; ngUk; gFjpiag; NghUf;Fj; jpUg;gptpl;Ls;sJ vd;gNj cz;ik ahFk;. ,e;j NgUz;ikia ,g;NghJ cyf ehL fSk; czh; e ; J nfhz; L s; s d vd; g J jkpo; kf;fSf;F kfpo;r;rpia mspj;Js;sd. rpq; f s murpw; f hd epjp cjtp Klf; f k; kw; W k; ,uhZt cgfuzq; f is toq; F jiy epWj; j y; Nghd; w nray; u Pjpapyhd mZF KiwNa rpq;fs murpd; Nghh;ntwpf;F vy;iy Nghlf;$ba mZFKiwahf ,Uf;Fk;. mj;J ld; > murpay; hPjpahf cyf ehLfsplkpUe; J rpq; f s muR jdpikg; g Lj; j g; g Lk; NghJjhd; mikjp topj;jPh;T gw;wpr; rpe;jpf;f rpq;fs muR eph;g;ge;jpf;fg;gLk;. jkpohpd; Njrpa ,dg;gpur;rpid mikjp topapy; murpay;jPh;T %yk; jPh;f;fg;gLtijNa Gypfs; ,af;fk; tpUk;Gfpd;wJ. Mdhy; Ngr;Rthh;ji ; j vd;gijAk; jPhT ; j;jpl;lk; vd;gij Ak; rh;tNjr r%fj;ij Vkhw;Wk; xU murpay; ehlfkhfNt> ,;Jtiu rpq;fs muR elhj;jptUfpd;wJ. mjdhy;jhd;; NtW topfspd;wp Gypfs; ,af;fk; MAjg;Nghiu elhj;Jfpd;wJ. jkpoh; ; kPJ rpq; f s muR elhj; j ptUk; Mf; f pukpg; G g; NghUf;F kdpjhgpkhdj;Jf;fhd Nghh; vd;W GJ tpahf;fpahd nkhd;iwAk; kfpe;j muR nfhLf;fKidfpd;wJ. rpq;fsj;jpd; ,uhZt eph;thfj;jpw;Fs; rpf;fp mtyg;gLk; jkpo; kf;fisf; nfhr;irg;gLj;Jk; tpjkhfNt me;j tpahf;fp ahdk; mike;Js;sJ. rpq;fsg; gilfspd; fl;Lg;ghl;bw;Fs; cs;s epyq;fspy; thOk; jkpo; kf;fs; gLfpd;w kdpj mtyq; fisf; fz;bj;J mjw;Ff; fhuzkhd rpq;fs murpw;;nfjpuhf cyf ehLfs; vLf;Fk; eltbf;iffisAk; ‘kdpjhgpkhdg; Nghh;’ vd;w rpq;fsj;jpd; tpsf;fk; nfhr;irg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. ‘rkhjhdj;jpw;fhd Nghh;’ ‘kdpjhgpkhdj;jpw;fhd Nghh;’ ‘,iwikf;fhd Nghh;...’ vd;W nrhw;rpyk;gkhb jkpoiu tijf;Fk; rpq;fs murpd; ,;dntwpr; nraw;ghl;il cyf r%fk; Ghpe;J nfhz;L> rpq;fs murpw;F vjpuhf eltbf;iffs; vLf;fNtz;Lk; vd;gJ jhd; jkpo; kf;fspd; Ntz;LNfhshFk;.

,j;jifanjhU cWjpAlDk; Xh;kj;JlDk; nraw;glNtz;ba tuyhw;Wf; fl;lk; mz;kpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. “n[arpf;FW” rkiu kf;fspd; KO MjuTld; Gypfs; ,af;fk; Kwpabj;J ntw;wpthif #baJ ,d;W ngUikkpF tuyhwhf vk; Kd; cs;sJ. kPzL ; k; mj;jifanjhU ,uhZt rhjidgilj;J ,dkhdk; fhf;f kf;fis tuyhW miof;fpd;wJ. kf;fspd; tpLjiyg; gw;Wk; - td;dpapd; Gtpapaw; #oYk; rpq;fsg; gilfis mr;r%l;bf;nfhz;Nl ,Uf;fpd;wd. mjdhy; jhd; fle;j xUtUlfhykhf td;dp kPjhd ngUk; rkiu vjphp xj;jpitj;Jf;nfhz;Nl te;jhd;. rpq;fsg; gilfspd; Mf;fpukpg;gpw;Fs; cs;s ,lq;fspy; thOk; jkpoh;fspd; tho;fi ; f ,d;W mtyk;

epiwe;jjhfNt cs;sJ. nfhiyfSk; fhzhky;Nghjy;fSk; rpj;jputijfSk; mq;Nf ehshe;j epfo;Tfshf cs;sd. kdpj chpikf; fofq;fsplk; jQ;rk; NfhUk; jkpohpd; njhif mq;Nf ngUfptUfpd;wJ. ,j;jifanjhU mtyj;ij kf;fs; kPJk; fl;ltpo;j;Jtpl Mirg;gLk; rpq;fsg;gilfspd; vz;zj;ij Kwpabf;fNtz;ba gzp ,d;W vk;Kd; cs;sJ. td;dpapy; Gypfs; Ghpag;NghFk; vjph;r;rkh; td;dpiaf; fhf;Fk; jw;fhg;Gg; Nghh; vd;w epiyf;Fk; mg;ghy;> td;dpapypUe;J epyk; kPlF ; k; Nghuhf KOg;ghpkhzk; ngWtjw;Fkf;fspd; xj;Jiog;Gk; - gq;fspg;Gk; kpf mtrpakhdjhFk;.

Mtzp - Gul;lhrp> 2007

uyhnwd;gJ jpUk;gj; jpUk;g epfOk; xU ,af;fk; vd;gjhy; vkJ murpay; gw;wpAk; gy Ntisfspy; kPl;ly;fshf miktij thrfh;fs; mtjhdpj;jpUg;gh;. vg;NghJNk vijANk njhlf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;Nj nrhy;yNtz;bapUg;gNj xUtif tuyhw;W mtyk; vd;ghh;fs;. ,t;thrfj;ijf;$l ,g; gj;jpapy; kPz;Lk; vOjNtz;bAs;sJ. \\Edpf;nfhk;gh; Vwpdhh; m/J ,we;J Ch;f;fpd; czh;f;F ,WjpahfptpLk;|| ,f;Fwisf;$l re;jpupf;fh +

Ghpe;Jnfhs;s KbahjJk; mtutUf;F cz;ikjhd; vd KJnkhop ,Ue;jhYk;> cz;ikfs; ntspte;jtz;zNk cs;sd. ey;ywpit ey;topia ahuhtJ nrhy;ypa tz;zNk cs;shh;fs;. kfpe;jhpd; Nghf;fpd; mjp mghaj;ijAk; ehrfhu murpaiyAk; cr;r klikiag; Nghh;ntwpapd; kpF tpghPjj;ij nghUz;kpak; jho;eJ ; NghFk; nfLepiyiaAk; ahuhtJ nrhy;ypf;nfhz;NlapUf; fpwhh;fs;. \\,uj;jntwp|| vd;fpw gaq;fuj; jiyg;gpy; 29.08.2007

(tPuNfrhp 17.08.2007) ,f;$w;iw rhjhuznjhU $w;whf ehk; fzpf;fKbahJ. tuyhw;wpd; xg;Gjy; thf;F%yk;. ,t;thW mth; $wpa gpd;dUk; rUtfl;rpf; FOf;$l;lk; gpd;Nghlg;gl;Lk;> gpujkh; jiyikapy; ,aq;f gzpg;G tplg;gl;Lk;> tuT nryTj;jpl;lj;jpd; gpd;Nd jPh;Tj;jpl;lk; gw;wpg; ghh;jJ ; f;nfhs;sg;gLk; vd mwpag;gl;Ls;sJ. mjw;fpilapy; vt;tsT khwhl;lq;fs;> ngha;ikf; fijfs; fl;btplg;gLk; vd;gij vtUk; mwpahh;. Mdhy; rhjhuz

Coy; gw;wp ehlhSkd;wpy; mwptpj;jpUe;jhh;. murd; vt;top Fbkf;fs; mt;top vd;whfptpl;lJ. mz;ikapy; nfhOk;gpy; Kf;fpa $l;lnkhd;wpy; Fbkf;fs; Ntz;LtJ Coy; mw;w muNr vd;w jiyg;gpy; kpf Jzpfukhf> Neh;ikahf mth; ciuahw;wpdhh;. jd;Kd;Nd $bapUe;Njhiu Nehf;fp mth; Nfs;tp vOg;gpdhh;. \\ehd; xU murpay;thjpahf ,y;yhky; xU rhjhuz FbkfdhfNt cq;fs; Kd; NgRfpd;Nwd;. ePq;fSk; ,tw;Wf;nfy;yhk; nghWg;ghspfs;

uj;tj;ijf; FOkk; Ml;lk;Nghl;l nghOJ 1998fspy; jiyg;ghf ,l;Nlhk;. ,g;NghJ mNj thh;j;ijf;F kPsTk; caph; nfhLj;J mtiuAk; ,izj;J \\mth; Vwp tpOe;j mNj kuj;jpd; Edpf;nfhk;gh;|| VWk; ,uhrgf;r Nrhjuh; gw;wp vOjTk; mNj FwNs kpfg; nghUj;jkhfpd;wJ. Gjpa tuyhw;wpidg; gilf;fg;Nghtjhff; $wpf;nfhs;NthNu gioa tuyhw;wpd; kpfj; njspe;j gf;Ftkhd ghlq;fisf; fw;f kWf;ifapy;/ kwf;ifapy; ahh;jhd; vd;dnrhy;yf; $Lk;. mg;gbahapd; vd;d NtWghL md;iwf;Fk; ,d;iwf;Fk; vd ahUk; tpdhtyhk;. mg;NghJ (re;jphpfh fhyk;) Nghh;rn ; ryT 5 gpy;ypaDf;Fk; 10 gpy;ypaDf;Fk; ,ilg;gl;ljhf VwpaJ. ,g;nghOJ 10 - 20 gpy;ypaDf;F ,ilg;gl;ljhf vfpWfpwJ. ,ij ,d;ndhU tifapy; $wpdhy; 1980fspy; rpahkhnrl;b tpkhdk; xU ,yl;rk; mnkhpf;f nlhyh;. 2000y;

jpdf;Fuy; jiyaq;fj;jpy; $wpa fUj;Jf;fs; Kj;jha;ghdit. \\Nghh; ,d;W rKjhaj;ijf; F&ukag;gLj;jptpl;Ls;sJ. gLnfhiyfs; Fwpj;J kf;fs; czh;r;rpaw;wth;fshfpg; NghAs;sdh;. gopthq;Fk; kNdhghtk; Ntfkhf mjpfhpf;fpd;wJ. ve;jj; jpirapy; jpUk;gpdhYk; ,uj;jntwpnfhz;L rKjhak; miytijNa fhzKbfpd;wJ. kf;fspd; czh;Tfs; nrj;Jg;Ngha;tpl;ld|| 16.08.2007 md;W mikr;rh; jp];] tpjhuz $wpaijg; ghUq;fs;. \\rUtfl;rp MNyhridf;FOthy; ,zf;fg;ghL vl;lKbahj epiy Njhd;wpAs;sJ. tuyhw;wpidg; ghh;f;Fk; nghOJ jkpo; kf;fspd; gpur;rpidf;Fj; njd;dpyq;ifapy; cs;s fl;rpfs; jPh;Tfhd Kd;tuhJ vd;W tpLjiyg;Gypfs; $wptUfpd;wdh;. ,yq;if muNrhL ifnahg;gk; ,Ltjpy; gadpy;iy.

Ml;rpapy; ,Uf;Fk; fl;rp vjph;ff ; l;rpahFk;NghJ me;jf;

rpq;fs kf;fis Kw;wpYkhf ,yf;Fitj;J mth;fisg; Nghpdthjj; jhyhl;lhNyNa njhlh; cwf;f epiyapNy itj;jpUg;gJ Fwpj;J ,g;NghJ rpq;fs r%fj;jpilNa tpthjk; njhlq;FfpwJ. rpyuhtJ kdk; nghWf;fhky; cz;ik epiyia czh;j;jj;njhlq;fpapUf;fpwhh;fs;. mtw;wpidg; gjpT nra;tNj vk; Nehf;fk;. njhlh;eJ ; Nghpdthj kaf;f kUe;J rpq;fsth;fSf;F Cl;lg;gLtJ> Nghh;ntwpnfhz;L miytJ> Gypg;G+r;rhz;b fhl;LtJ> Njrg;gw;whsh; Nghy; fh;rr ; pg;gJ> xw;iwahl;rpnadf; nfhf;fhpg;gJ vy;yhNk vjw;fhf? ,jw;fhfj;jhd; vd tpil rpq;fsj; jug;ghNy Kd;itf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. vdNt ,f;fl;lj;jpyhtJ rpq;fs kf;fs; cz;ikia czh;thh;fsh? tpil fhyj;jhapd; ifapy;. ,d;W rpq;fsj;jpd; jiytphpj;jhLk; Coypd; cr;r msit MSk; jug;ghNy jhq;fpf;nfhs;s Kbatpy;iy.

jhd;. rdehafk; vd;gJ kf;fs; gq;Nfw;gpidNa Fwpg;gJ. mg;gbahdhy; cq;fs; gq;Nfw;gpd; tpisntd;d. ehd; nrhy;Ntd; xd;WNk ,y;iy.|| ,f;$w;W cq;fisf; fhag;gLj;jf;$Lk;.

Mdhy; ,Jjhd; cz;ik. VjhtJ vd; fz;Kd;Nd kpfj; jtwhfr;

Nfhg; (cope) vdg;gLk; mur epWtdq;fisf; fz;fhzpf;Fk; ehlhSkd;wf; FOtpd; jtprhsUk;> rdhjpgjp rl;lj;juzpAk; rpwpyq;fh Rje;jpuf; fl;rp vk;gpAkhd tp[ajhr uh[gf;r mz;ikapy; 20 murhq;f epWtdq;fspy; 600 Nfhb tiuapyhd Coy;fs;> Nkhrbfs; gw;wp mwpf;ifia ntspapl;L G+fk;gj;ijNa cUthf;fpdhh;. rdthp 12,y; 26 mur epWtdq;fspd; gyNfhb

rdehafg; gz;ig vkJ kf;fs; NgzhikNa|| njhlh;e;J mth; NgrpajhtJ> kfpaq;fiziar; Nrh;e;j Vioj; njhopyhspahd irkd; ehd;F Njq;fhiaj; jpUbaikf;Fj; jz;lid MWkhjf; fLq;fhty;.

Mdhy; gyNfhb Coiy vdJ mwpf;ifapy; Rl;bf;fhl;bAs;Nsd;. ngah;> gjtp epiyfnsy;yhk; vdJ mwpf;ifapy; cs;sJ. (11 Mk; gf;fk; ghh;f;f)

foptpuf;fk; nfhz;l fl;Liu fSk>; fbjq; f Sk>; jiyaq; f q; fSk; rpq;fsj;jpy; ,g;NghJ ntsp tuj; n jhlq; F fpd; w d. cs; Kuz; ghLfshYk; murpay; rjpfshYk; rpq;fsk; nfhjpj;j tz;zNk cs; sJ. tuyhw; w pd; RUf; F r; rpq; f s Njrj; j pd; fOj; i j NkYk; NkYk; ,Wf; F fpd; w J. ,it gw; w p VJk; ftiyg;glhJ. kfpe;jh; jdJ FLk;g Ml; r piag; Gjpjhf epiyehl; l j; Njh;en ; jLj;j fhyk; mfhyk;. kpf; 27 ,UgJ kpy;ypad; nlhyh;. ,g;NghNjh 20 - 25 kpy;ypad; nlhyhpy; kpf; 29 nfhs;tdT gw;wpg; Ngrg;gLfpd;wJ. ,J kiyiaf; nfhy;y vypiag; gpbf;Fk; fijjhd;. ,J fhyk; nrhy;Yk; fijay;yth th.

MapDk; my;yJ ,Ue;j nghOJk; cz;ikfs; cwq;Ft jpy;iy. vkJ #hpaDf;F fPNo cs;stw;wpy; kpff; Fog;gkhdJk;

Mtzp - Gul;lhrp> 2007

ifnahg;gk; eilKiwg; gLj;jg;gLtjpy;iy vd;w Gypfspd; Fw;wr;rhl;L mh;jj ; g;gLj;jg;gl;L tpLjiyg;Gypfspd; gphptpidf;Nfhl;ghL NkNyhq;fptpl tplf;$lhJ. njd;dpyq;iff; fl;rpfspilNa ,dr;rpf;fiyj; jPh;f;f ,zf;fg;ghnlhd;wpy;iy vd tpLjiyg;Gypfs; rh;tNjr r%fj;NjhL jh;f;fpf;fpd;wdh;. ,e;j jh;f;fk; cz;ikahfptplf;$lhJ||

f.Nt.ghyFkhud; rl;ltpNuhjkhf elf;ifapy; mijj; jl;bf;Nfl;fNth eltbf;if vLf;fNth Kbahtpl;lhy; ehd; ,Ue;J vd;d gad;. rl;l mikg;Gf;fs; rpy ghuhKfkhf elg;gijg; ghh;ff ; pd;Nwhk;. vkJ ehL Coypd; cr;r epiyf;Fj; js;sg;gl;Ltpl;lJ. ,jw;Ff; fhuzk; vd;d? rl;lj;jpd; Ml;rp vdg;gLk;

03

17Mk; E}w;whz;by; tho;e;j Nkw; F j; Njr mwpQh; Njhk]; nfhg;]; (Thomas hoppes) ,D ila gpugykhd Nkw;Nfhs; xd;W cz; L . “thspy; y hky; nra; ag; g l; l xg; g e; j k; ntWk; thh; j ; ijNa. mJ xU NghJk; xU kdp jidf; fhf; F k; gyj; i jj; jf; f itj;Jf;nfhs;shJ.” 2001y; Aj;jepWj;j xg;ge;jk; nra;Jnfhs;sg;gl;l NghJ jkpoupd; ths; kpFe;j

neUf;fbf;F mQ;rp mg;Nghija If;fpa Njrpaf;fl;rp murhq;fk; mjidj; jtph;j;jpUf;ff;$Lk;. Mdhy; re;jpupf;fh gz;lhuehaf;fh [dhjpgjpahdJk; ,e;epiyik khwpw;W. gjpNdO tUl If;fpa Njrpaf;fl;rp Ml;rpapd; gpd; ifg;gw;wpa Ml;rpg; gjtpia re;jpupf;fh jf;fitf;f Ntz;Lkhapd; mth; GJikfis

Aj;jj;ij kf;fs;kag; gLj;jpajd; %yk; ehl;bd; vy;yh tsj;ijAk; Aj;jj;jpw;fhf jpUg;Gk; rf;jpia mth; ngw;wpUe;jhh;. nkhj;jr; rf;jpiaAk; gpuNahfpj;J rpq;fskf;fs; kpfTk; fpilj;jw;fupa ntw;wpahff; fUJk; aho;g;ghzk; kPjhd ntw;wpia <l;bf;fhl;bdhh;.

Aj;jj;ij Nehf;fp jpUg;gg;gl;bUe;j rpq;fs

vOr;rp’ kfj;jhd Mw;wy; nfhz;ljhf ,Ue;jJ. Gyk;ngah; jkpoh;$l NghUf;fhf cioj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; xU kf;fs; r%fkhf ,Ue;jdh;. Nghh; kf;fs; kag;gLk; NghJ vOfpd;w mw;Gj Mw;wyhy; td;dpkz;kPJ md;iwa rpwpyq;fh njhLj;j Nghh; Njhw;fbf;fg;gl;lJ. rpwpyq;fhtpd; gilj;Jiw ,ae;jpuNk rh;t ehrkhfpaJ. rpwpyq;fh jug;G vLj;j Kaw;rpf;F

rpwpyq;fh vLj;Jf; nfhz;l ,e;j topKiwf;F kWj;jhdhf jkpoh; NjrKk; Kd;ndg;NghJk; ,y;yhjthW kf; f s; kag; g l; l Aj; j j; j pw; f hf jd; i dj; jahh; g ; g Lj; j pf; nfhz;lJ. mg;NghJ Aj;jfskhf ,Ue;j td;dpg;ngUepyg;gug;G Nghh;r; rd;djk;nfhz;L epd;wJ. Aj;jk; tpLjiyg; Gypfsp Dilajhf ,Uf;ftpy;iy. td;dpapd; xt;nthU [PtdpDila jhfTk; Nghh; cUkhwpapUe;jJ.

gyKs;sjhf ,Ue;jJ. rpq;fsj;jug;gpd; thNsh Kd;ndg;NghJk; ,y;yhjsT $h; kOq;fp epkpuj; ijupak; mw;W ,Ue;jJ. ,e;jg; gpd;dzpapy; jhd; Aj;j epWj;j xg;ge;jk; ifr;rhj;jhfpaJ. ,t; xg;ge;jk; tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lq;fSf;F ghjfkhf ,Ue;j cyfg; Gw epiyapd; kj;jpapYk; jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lj;jpw;Fk;> tpLjiyg;Gypfs; ,af;fj;jpw;Fk; xU eilKiw mq;fPfhuj;ij toq;fpw;W. ,g;gbnahU jfikahd xg;ge;jk; cUthf jkpohpd; ths; nfhz;bUe;j gyk; Kjd;ikf; fhuzpnad;gJ kWf;fg;gl KbahjJ. Kd;ndg;NghJk; Ik;gJ tUl ,dKuz;ghl;L tuyhw;wpy; - rkjug;G mq;fpfhuk; nfhz;l xg;ge;jk; xd;iw jkpoh; jug;G vl;bapUf;ftpy;iy. rpq;fsj;jug;ig ,g;gbg; gzpa itf;FksT jk; gyj;ij jkpoh; jug;G fz;bUf;fTk; ,y;iy. ,dKuz;ghL td;Kiw tbtkile;j N[.Mh;.n[ath;j;jdhtpd; fhyj;jpypUe;J> B.gp.tp[aJq;ftpd; fhyk; tiu rpwpyq;fh muR Aj;jj;ij ,uhZtj;NjhL kl;Lg;gLj;jpapUe;jJ. Aj;jj;ij rpq;fs kf;fs; kag;gLj;j mJ tpUk;gpapUf;ftpy;iy.

Fwpg;ghf 1983d; gpd; tlf;F fpof;F kPjhd Aj;jk; ,uhZtj;jpd; iffspy; kl;Lk; xg;gilf;fg;gl;lJ. Aj;jj;ij kf;fs; kag;gLj;Jk; NghJ Aj;jj;jpd; jhf;fq;fspdhy; Vw;glf;$ba murpay; 04

elj;jpf;fhl;l Ntz;ba NjitapUe;jJ. gdpg;Nghh; KbTw;w cyfg;Gwepiyapy; ,yq;if Nfe;jpu Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij ,oe;jpUe;jJ. Kd;gpUe;j ty;yuRg; Nghl;b ,y;yhj #oypy; ,yq;iff;F Nguk; NgRk; rf;jpAk; ,y;yhjpUe;jJ. ,e;epiyapy;

kf;fSf;F ,J xU kfj;jhd GJikahfj; njupe;jJ. jkpoUldhd rkhjhdk; Njitaw;w xd;whfpaJ. rh;t cyf ehLfSk; re;jpupf;fhtpd; Aj;jj;jpd; %ykhd rkhjhdk; vd;w khh;f;fj;jpw;F MjuT toq;fpd. Aj;jk; nty;yg;gl;LtpLk; vd;W

Nghh; kf;fs; kag;gLk; NghJ vOfpd;w mw;Gj Mw;wyhy; td;dpkz; kPJ md;iwa rpwpyq;fh njhLj;j Nghh; Njhw;fbf;fg;gl;lJ. rpwpyq;fhtpd; gilj;Jiw ,ae;jpuNk rh;t ehrkhfpaJ. rpwpyq;fh jug;G vLj;j Kaw;rpf;F jkpoh;fspd; kWj;jhd; nfhLj;j tpisT ,J. jkpodpd; ths; vd;Wkpy;yh $h;ikAlDk;> epkph;TlDk; tpsq;fpaJ. nghUshjhuj;jpy; mw;Gjq; fisNah> GJikfisNah epfo;j;jpf; fhl;Ltjw;fhd #oy; ngUksT re;jpupf;fhtpw;F ,Uf;ftpy;iy. mth; rpq;fs kf;fspd; kdq;ftUk; GJikia epfo;j;j Ntz;Lkhapd; Aj;jj;ijj; jtph;e;j NtW Jiw mtUf;F njupatpy;iy. vdNt nkhj;jf; ftdKk; Aj;jj;jpd; Nky; nrYj;jg;glyhapw;W.

F.ftpaofd; Aj;jj;ij rpq;fs kf;fs; kag;gLj;JtJ Aj;jj;jpd; ntw; wpf;F ,d;wpaikahjnjd mth; fz;L nfhz;lhh;. mt;thNw Aj;jj;jpd; ntw;wpia murpay; mWtilahf;fpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lkhapd; Aj;jk; kf;fs; kag;gl Ntz;baJ mtrpa nkd;gijAk; mth; Gupe;J nfhz;lhh;.

ek;gg;gl;l #oNy ,jw;F fhuzkhf ,Ue;jJ. rpwpyq;fh vLj;Jf; nfhz;l ,e;j topKiwf;F kWj;jhdhf jkpoh; NjrKk; Kd;ndg;NghJk; ,y;yhjthW kf;fs;kag;gl;l Aj;jj;jpw;fhf jd;idj; jahh;g;gLj;jpf; nfhz;lJ. mg;NghJ Aj;jfskhf ,Ue;j td;dpg;ngUepyg;gug;G Nghh;r;rd;djk; nfhz;L epd;wJ. Aj;jk; tpLjiyg; GypfspDilajhf ,Uf;f tpy;iy. td;dpapd; xt;nthU [PtdpDilajhfTk; Nghh; cUkhwpapUe;jJ. ,jd; tpahgfkhf ,uhZt Mf;fpukpg;gpy; ,Ue;j aho;g;ghzj;jpYk;> fpof;fpYk; gy;fiyf;fof r%fj;jpdhy; elhj;jg;gl;l ‘nghq;Fjkpo;

jkpoh;fspd; kWj;jhd; nfhLj;j tpisT ,J. jkpodpd; ths; vd;Wkpy;yh $h;ikAlDk;> epkph;TlDk; tpsq;fpaJ. kfpe;j uh[gf;r Ml;rpf;F tUtjw;fhf jkpoupd; ,e;j kpLf;fhy; cUthd Aj;jepWj;j xg;ge;jj;ij mopg;Ngd; vd;Nw MizNfl;lhh;. ,J rpq;fs kf;fis kPs xUjlit Aj;jj;ij Nehf;fp jpUg;gf;$ba xU nray;. kfpe;j gjtpf;F te;jJk; re;jpupf;fhtpw;F ,Ue;j mNj epiyik my;yJ mijtpl Nkhrkhd epiyikNa mtUf;F ,Ue;jJ. mjhtJ GJik epfo;j;jpf; fhl;lNtz;batuhf ,Ue;j mtUf;F Aj;jj;ij jtpu NtW Jiw tha;g;ghf ,Uf;ftpy;iy. rh;tNjr rKfk; mtuJ tuit ntWj;jjdhy; nghUshjhuj; Jiwapy; GJik epfo;j;JtJ epidj;Jk; ghh;f;ff;$bajy;y. vdNt Aj;jk; xd;Nw top. mth; Aj;jj;ij kf;fs; kag;gLj;jpdhh;. ,J rpwpyq;fhtpd; vy;yh tsKk; Aj;jj;ij Nehf;fpj; jpUk;g tha;g;gspj;jJ. rpq;fs kf;fs; vjph;Nehf;Fk; vy;yhtpj neUf;fbfspd; kj;jpapYk; Aj;jkag;gl;L epw;Fk; rpq;fs kf;fspw;F mth; fhz;gpf;Fk; Aj;j ntw;wp ctg;ghdjhf ,Uf;fpwJ. ,g;nghOJ jkpoh; jug; gpw;F ,Uf;Fk; khh;f;f nkd;d.? rpq;fsj; jug;G Aj;jkag;gLtij khw;wpaikf;f Ntz;Lk;. jkpoh; jug;gpd; Aj;jk; ,d;Dk; kf;fs; kag;gl Ntz;Lk;.

Mtzp - Gul;lhrp> 2007

fpe;j murpw;nfjpuhf mz; i kf; f hykhf mjp fhpj; J tUk; rh; t Njr mjpUg;jp rpq;fs muirg; gytif fspYk; ghjpf;fj; njhlq;fpAs;sJ. murpw;nfjpuhd murpay;uPjp

eltbf;ifahy; me;j Kaw;rpAk; if$lhky; NghFk; epiy vOe; Js;sJ. If;fpaNjrpaf; fl;rpAk; mjd; jiyth; uzpy; tpf;fpukrpq;fh Tk; kfpe;j murpw;F Fwpj;j epjp epWtdq;fs; fldhf epjp toq;ff;

rpq; f sg; gilfspd; kdpj chpik kPwy; f s; vy;iyfle;J nry;fpd;wd. mtw;iwj; jl;bf;Nfl;f Kw;gLk; cyf mikg; G f; f Sk; uh[je; j phpfSk; rpq; f s murhy; tirghlg; g Lfpd; w dh; . ,it fhuzkhf ehSf; F ehs; rpq;fsj;jpd; ew;ngah; nfl;LtUfpd;wJ. epjp cjtpfSk; Fiwe;JtUfpd;wd. rh;tNjr ehLfspd; fz;ldq;fSk; vr;rhpf;iffSk; mjpfhpj;JtUfpd;wd. ahd fz;ldq;fis vr;rhpf;iffis kfpe; j muR Gwe; j s; s pdhYk; > rh; t Njrj; j plkpUe; J fpilf; F k; nghUz;kpa cjtpfs; jilg;gLk; NghJ mijj; jhq;fKbahJ rpq;fsk; jpzWfpd;wJ. rp;q;fs murpd; Nghh;r;nryT> ,g;NghJ ngUnkLg;gpy; mjpfhpj;J tpl;lJ. etPdfukhd MAj jsghlq; fisf; nfhs;tdT nra;tjpy; kfpe;j muR Mh;tk; fhl;btUfpd;wJ.

$lhJ vd;W me;j me;j epjpepWtdq; fisNa cj; j pNahf G+h; t khff; NfhhptUfpd;whh;. jkJ Nfhhpf;ifia kjpf;fhky; kfpe;j murpw;F fld; toq;fpdhy; me;jf; flid If;fpa Njrpaf; fl; r p Ml; r pgP l Nkwpdhy; milf;f Kaykhl;lhnjd;W cyf epjp epWtdq;fis kpul;bAs;sdh;.

nfhLg;gdTg; gzj;ijg; Nghh;r;nry tpw; F j; jpUg; g ptpl kfpe; j muR Kidfpd;wJ vd;W vjph;f;fl;rpfs; Fw;wk; Rkj;Jfpd;wdh;.

Nghh; tphptile;J tUtJ cy;yhrg; gazpfspd; tUifAk; ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ghJfhg;ghd ehL fspd; thpirapy; ,yq;if ,y;iy vd;w kdpj chpik mikg;Gf;fspd; epiyg;ghl;lhy; ,yq;ifj; jPtpw;F gazk; NghfNtz;lhk; vd;W gy; NtW ehLfs; jq;fsJ kf;fisf; Nfl;Ls;sd. mz;ikapy; ,yq;if te;J nrd;w I.eh.tpd; kdpj chpikfs; tptfhuq;fSf;fhd gpujpr; nrayh; N[hd;]; Nfhy;k] ; ; mth;fs; nfhOk; gpy; ntspapl;l mwpf;ifAk; rpq;fsj; jpd; ew;ngaiuAk; rpijj;J tpl;l Jld;> cyfehLfspd; cjtpfis Ak; jLj;Js;sJ. #lhDf;F mLj;jjhf cjtp toq; F k; epWtdq; f s; nraw; g l Kbahj ehlhf ,yq;ifNa cs;sJ

Mdhy;> rpq;fsk; vjph;ghh;f; ,e; j cjtpepjpfis thhp

,q;fpyhe;J - N[h;kdp cl;gl INuhg;gpa xd;wpa ehLfs; rpq;fsj; jpw; f hd cjtpepjpfis Klf; f p kfpe;j murpw;F mjph;r;rp itj;jpak; mopj;J tUfpd;wd. NghUf;nfd epjp Ajtpaspf;f mnkhpf;fh cl;gl NkYk; gy;NtW ehLfs; kWj;JtUfpd;wd. kfpe;j murpd; kdpj chpik kPwy;fSf;F vjph;g;Gj; njhptpf;Fk; tifapy; rpq;fsj;jpw;F ngUk; vLg; gpy; cjtp epjp toq;f cyf ehLfs; kWg;Gj; njhptpf;Fk;NghJ mij <L fl;Ltjw;fhf rh;tNjr epjp epWtdq; fs; - tq;fpfs; vd;gtw;wplkpUe;J fldhf epjpAjtpngw kfpe;j muR Kaw;rpj;jJ.

vy;yhsd; vdpDk>; kfpe; j uh[gf; r vjph;ghh;f;fhj tifapy; vjph;f;fl;rp ahd If;fpaNjrpaf; fl;rpapd; vjph;

Mtzp - Gul;lhrp> 2007

rpq;fs muirg; nghWj;js tpy; jdJ nrhe;j epjpgyj;jpd; mbg; gilapy; Nghiu elhj;j mjdhy; KbahJ. ,uty; epjpg;gyj;jpNyNa ,Jtiu fhyKk; jq;fpepd;W jkpo Uldhd Nghiur; rpq;fs Ml;rpah sh;fs; elhj;jptUfpd;wdh;. ,Jtiu fhyKk; cjtptoq;Fk; cyf ehL fSk; Vd;! vjw;F! vd;W rpq;fs muirf; Nfs;tpfs; Nfl;fhky; cjtp epjpfis ms;spf;nfhLj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jdh;.

rpq;fsg; gilfspd; kdpj chpik kP w y; f s; vy; i yfle; J nry;fpd;wd. mtw;iwj; jl;bf;Nfl;f Kw;gLk; cyf mikg;Gf;fSk; uh[ je;jphpfSk; rpq;fs murhy; tir ghlg;gLfpd;wdh;. ,it fhuzkhf ehSf;F ehs; rpq;fsj;jpd; ew;ngah; nfl;LtUfpd;wJ. epjp cjtpfSk; Fiwe;JtUfpd;wd. rh;tNjr ehL fspd; fz;ldq;fSk; - vr;rhpf;if fSk; mjpfhpj;JtUfpd;wd.

jdJ Ml;gyj;ijAk; rpq; fsj;jpd; Kg;gilfSk; mjpfhpj;J tUfpd;wd. ,e;j epiyapy; mjpfhpj;j ,uhZtr; nryTfis <Lfl;l cyf ehLfspd; cjtp epjptsq;fisNa rpq;fs muR ek;gpapUf;fpd;wJ.

toq;Fk; epiyapy; cyf ehLfs; ,y;iy vd;w nra;jp rpq;fs murpw;F czh;j;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.

fpof;ifr; rpq;fsg; gilfs; Mf;fpukpj;j gpd;dh; mq;Nf mgptpUj; jpf; n fd; W $wpf; n fhz; L cyf ehLfsplkpUe; J fzprkhd epjp cjtpfis kfpe;j muR ngw;W tUfpd;wJ. Mdhy;> mgptpUj;jp epjp fis> jdJ ,uhZtr; nryTfis <Lfl;l jpirjpUg;gp tUtJ rpq;fsj;jpd; toikahf cs;sJ.

,g;NghJ epiyik jiy fPohf khwptpl;lJ. jkpohpd; ,dg; gpur; r pidia murpay; topapy; jPhf ; f ; Kidahky; ,uhZt topapy; rpq;fs Ml;rpahsh;fs; mZfptUt jhy; ngUksT kdpj caph;fSk; mopfpd; w d. ngUk; nghUz; k pa tPz;tpuaKk; eilngWfpd;wJ.

jdJ thd;gilf;fhd Nghh; tpkhdq;fisf; n;fhs;tdT nra; tjpy; ngUe;njhif epjpia xJf;f Ntz; b aepiyapy; kfpe; j muR cs;sJ. ,JNghd;W jdJ jiug; gilapd; efh;thw;wiy Nkk;gLj;j ntd lhq;fpfs; - Ml;ywpfs; cl;gl kuGg;Nghh; MAjq;fisAk; rpq;fs muR thq;fpf; Ftpj;JtUfpd;wJ.

Fk;

tUq;fhyj;jpy; Fiwf;fyhk; vd;W rpq;fs Ma;thsh;fNs kfpe;j muir vr;rhpf;if nra;fpd;wdh;.

I.Njfl;rpapdhpd; ,e;j kpul;l yhy; cyf epjpepWtdq;fs; kpuz;L NghAs;sd. nfhLf;Fk; fld; kPsj; jpUk;g tha;gg ; py;iy vd;w epiyapy; kfpe;j murpw;Ff; fld; toq;fKb ahJ vd;W mit KbntLj;Js;sd.

vd;W gpufldg;gLj;jpAs;shh;. ,g;NghJ rpq;fs murpw;F [g;ghd; - rPdh cl;gl rpy ehLfs; ,uhZt cjtpfisAk; epjp cjtp fisAk; toq;fptUfpd;wd.

MapDk;>

cyfshtpa

murpay; hPjpahfTk; - nghUz;kpa uPjpahfTk; kfpe;j muR re;jpj;JtUk; neUf;fbfshy; rpq;fsmuR gytPd kile;JtUfpd;wJ. ,e;j Ml;rpg; gytPdk; mjd; gilfsJ csTuizAk; ghjpj;JtUfpd;wJ. etPduf MAjq;fisg; gilapdUf; F g; ngw; W f; n fhLj; j hYk; mtw; i wj; jhf;fKWk; tifapy; gad;gLj;Jk; csTuz; ,d;ikahy; rpq;fsj;jpd; NghhpLk; jpwDk; ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jdhy; ,uhZtr; nryit <Lfl;l KidAk; kfpe;j murpd; Kaw;rpAk; gpRgpRj;J tpl;lJ. ,jdhy;> r%f eyj;jpl;lq; fSf;F xJf;fg;gl;l epjpfisg; ngU nkLg;gpy; Fiwf;f kfpe;j muR Kaw; rpf;fpwJ. ,jdhy;> mur Copah;fs; kw; W k; Xa; T +jpaf; f huh; f spw; f hd

hPjpapy; rpq;fs murpw;F vjpuhf mjp fhpj;JtUk; nfl;l ngah; fhuzkhf ,yq;iff;F cjtp toq;Fk; ehL fSk; nfl;l ehLfs; vd;w tiff;Fs; cyf kf;fshy; ghh;f;fg;gLk; epiy cUthfptUfpd;wJ. ,e;j mtg;ngahp ypUe;J tpLgLtjw;fhf Fwpj;j me;j ehLfSk; jkJ cjtp epjpfis

,t;tpjk; murpay; hPjpahfTk; - nghUz;kpa uPjpahfTk; kfpe;j muR re;jpj;JtUk; neUf;fbfshy; rpq; f smuR gytP d kile; J tU fpd;wJ. ,e;j Ml;rpg; gytPdk; mjd; gilfsJ csTuizAk; ghjpj;J tUfpd;wJ. etPduf MAjq;fisg; gilapdUf;Fg; ngw;Wf;nfhLj;jhYk; mtw; i wj; jhf; f KWk; t ifapy; gad;gLj;Jk; csTuz; ,d;ikahy; rpq; f sj; j pd; NghhpLk; jpwDk; ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. td;dp Kd;duq;Ffspy; mz;ikf;fhykhf eilngWk; rz;ilfspd; tpisTfs; Nkw;Fwpj;j fUj;ij MNkhjpf;Fk; tifapNyNa cs;sd. nghUz;kpa hPjpapy; kfpe;j muR re;jpf;fj;njhlq;fpAs;s neUf; fbfs; mjd; Nghh; ,ae;jpuj;ijg; ghjpf;fj;jhd; Nghfpd;wJ. ,dptUk; fhyj;jpy; rpq;fs muR re;jpj;j nghUz;kpa neUf;fbfspd; tpisT fis ,yq; i fj; jP t pd; kf; f s; fz;Lzuj;jhd; Nghfpd;wdh;.

05

Nghuhl;lk; th;zpf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,ijr; rpg;gha;f; fytuk; (MUTINY) vd;W Mq;fpNya Ma;thsh;fs; Fwpg;gpL thh;fs;. mNj Mq;fpNyah;fs; ,e;jp> cUJ nkhopfspy; fjhh;(GADAR)vd;W ,e;jg; Nghuhl;lj;ij ngahpl;Ls;sdh;. mjhtJ ek;gpf;ifj; JNuhfpfs; vd;W mh;j;jk;. ehk; INuhg;gpa ehfhpfj;ij mth;fSf;F jute;Njhk;. mth; fs; vk;ikj; jhf;fp tQ;rpj;Jtpl;lhh;fs; vd;gJ fjhh; vd;w nrhy;ypd; mh;jj ; k;.; THE LAST MUGHAL mjhtJ filrp Kfyha kd;dd; vd;W nghUs;gl mz;ikapy; ntspte;j E}iy vOjpath; ];nfhl;yhe;Jf;fhuuhd tpy;ypak; lhyp wpk;gps;(WILLIAM DALY RIMPLE) Mq;fp Nyah;fs; ,e;jpahTf;F tuKd;Ng GJby;yp Kfyhag; NguuR kiwe;Jtpl;lJ. kuhl;bah;fs; GJby;ypiaj; jk;trk; itj;jpUe;jdh;. njd;,e;jpahtpYk; Kfyha Ml;rp vd;Nwh epd;Wtpl;lJ. Kfyha kd;dh;fspd; tk;rj;jpduhd rf;futh;jj ; p gfJ}h; ~h ]gh; Vo;ik epiyapy; GJby;ypapd;; xU %iyapy; tho;ej ; hh;. mth; ngUk; cUJ nkhopg; GytUk; $l. ,J Vo;ikf;F fhuzkhf ,Uf;fyhk;. ,tiu Kd; epWj;jp Mq;fpNyah; Ml;rpf;nfjpuhd Nghuhl;lk; md;W ele;jJ. 1857,y; Mrpaf;fz;lj;jpd; kpfg;nghpa ,uhZt khf Mq;fpNyah;fs; ,e;jpa kz;zpy; epWtpa ,e;jpa ,uhZtk; ,lk;ngw;wJ. mjpy; ,e;J> K];ypk;> rPff ; pah;>; uh[Gj;jpuh; vd gy ,dj;jth; ,Ue;jdh;. rhpahf 150 tUlq;fSf;FKd; ntbj;j ,e;jg; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; 130>000 ,e; j pag; gilapdh; Mq; f pNyah; f Sf; F vjpuhff; fpsh;e;njOe;jdh;. ,e;J> K];ypk;> rPf;fpag;gilfs; GJby;ypiaNehf;fpg; gilnaLj;jd. Vuhsk; Mq;fpNyah; fs; nfhy;yg;gl;ldh;. gilnaLg;gpd; Nehf;fk; Kfyhar; rf;futh;jj ; pfspd; thhpR gfJ}h; ~h ]giu (BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR) mhpahrdk; Vw; W tJjhd; . Mdhy; gilnaLg;Gj; Njhy;tpfz;Ltpl;lJ. gy rpw;wurh;fs; cjt kWj;jNjhL gphpl;brhUf;F cjtp toq;fpdhh;fs;.

Nghhpd; Nghf;F Mq;fpNyah; gf;fk; jpUk;gpagpd; nts;isg;gilfs; kpfTk; nfh^u khf ele;Jnfhz;ld. rf;futh;jj ; p ]gh; Mq;fpNyah;fSf;F vjpuhd Nghuhl;lj;jpw;F Neub Cf;Ftpg;G toq;ftpy;iy. Mdhy; mth; kpfTk; nfh^ukhd Kiwapy; jz;bf;fg; gl; l hh; . mtUila kfd; f spd; jiyfs; xU nts; s pj; j l; b y; itj;J mtUf;Fg; ghprhf toq;fg; gl; l d. 84 tajpduhd me; j tNahjpgh; gh;khtpw;F ehLflj;jg; gl;lhh;. ];nfhl;yhd;b~; ifyhz;lh; (SEOTTISH HIGHLANDERS) gilfs; gy thuq;fshfg; nghJ kf;fisf; nfhd; W Ftpj; j d. 1857 Nghuhl; lj; j pd; Kf; f pa nra; j pfs; gy fpilf;fpd;wd. ,e;Jf;fSk; K];ypk; fSk; xd;wpize;J Nghupl;ldh;. $Ljyhd capupog;ig GJby;ypapy; tho;ej ; K];ypk; nghJkf;fs; mDg tpj;jdh;. ve;jnthU kf;fs; $l;lj; ijAk; td;Kiwahy; mlf;fp Ml;rpnra;aKbahJ vd;w tuyhw;Wg; ghlk; fw;Wzug;gl;lJ. ,e;jpar; Rje;jpuk; neUq;fpa NghJjhd; ,e;J K];ypk; gpsT Njhd;wpaJ. Nk 2007y; ,e;jpah ghfp];jhd; Mfpa ,uz;LNk jj;jk; ehLfspy; 1857 rk;gtq;fis itgt uPjpahf epidT $h;e;jd. 1857Nghh; Muk;gpj;jNghJ ahd;rp uhzpapd; taJ 20 khj;jpuNk. mth; nts;isaiu vjph;j;Jg; Nghuhbagb fsj; j py; tP o ; e ; j hh; . ntw; w p my; y J kuzk; vd; W fskhba mtiu vjph; j ; J epd; w nts;isj;jsgjp \\,izaw;w ijhpak; tha;e;jth;|| vd;whh;.

- fyhepjp f. Nrhkh];fe;jd; 1815y; tPoe ; j ; fz;b ,uhl;rpaj;jpy; 1817-18 fhyg; gFjpapy; Mq;fpNyah; Ml;rpf;F vjpuhd ghhpa Nghul;lk; ele;jJ. Mq;fpNyah; Ml;rpia Kbtpw;Ff; nfhz;LtUk; mstpw;F mJ kiyehl;by; gutyhf ele;jJ. filrp kd;dd; rpwp tpf;fpuk uh[rpq;fdpd; thhpR vd;W jd;idg; gpufldg;gL;j;jpa JiuRthkp vd;ghd; fjph;fhkk; nrd;W jpUk;gpagpd; fpsh;rr ; pia Muk;gpj;jhd;. nfhLq; Nfhyhl;rp elj;jpa rpwp tpf;fpuk ,uh[rpq;fid ntsp Naw;w cjtpa Mq;fpNyah;fs;; jk;kplk; Ml;rpia xg; gilg;ghh;fs; vd;W fz;bj;jiyth;fs; vjph;ghh;jj ; hh;fs;.

Mdhy; Mq;fpNyah;fs; fz;biaj; jkJ gpbf;Fs; itj;jpUe;jdh;. JiuRthkpapd; jiyikia rf;jp tha;ej ; tlh (VADDA) ,df;FOj;jiyth; fpUNy nfju nkhnfhj;jy Vw;Wf;nfhz;lhh;. gphpl;b~; gilfspd; gjpyb kpff;nfh^ukhf ,Ue;jJ. Kf;fpa fz;b ,uhr; rpaf; FLk;gj; jiyth;fSk; Mz;fSk; capNuhL tpl;L itf;fg;gltpy;iy. mNj fhyj;jpy; gy njhw;W Neha;fSk; fhl;Lj;jN P ghy; gutpd. gphpl;b~; JUg;Gf;fs; elj;jpa gLnfhiyfs; 1819 tiu ePbj;jd.

Mtzp - Gul;lhrp> 2007

Rje;jpuk; Rk;kh fpilg;gjpy;iy> mijg; Nghuhbj; fhy epiyia mfw;wpaJ. tpLjiy nra;ag;gl;l jhd; ngwNtz;Lk;. ,e;j cz;ikiaf; nfd;dpah n[hNkh nfd;ahl;lhTld; Ngr;R elj;jp 12 bnrk;gh; ehl;bd; fWg;gpd kf;fs; gphpl;b~; Vfhjpgj;jpaj;jpw;F 1963 Mk; ehs; nfd;dpahTf;Fr; Rje;jpuk; toq;fpaJ. vjpuhfg; NghuhbaNghJ czh;e;jdh;. 1895y; fpof;F gaq;futhjp vd;W gl;lQ;#l;lg;gl;l nfd;ahl;lh nfd; Mgphpf;fg; ghJfhg;G ehLfs;(EAST AFRICAN PROTECTOR- dpahtpd; KjyhtJ muRj; jiytuhfg; gjtpNaw;whh;. mur tpUe;jpduhf mth; ,yz;ld; nrd;wNghJ ,uz; ATE) vd;w mikg;ig cUthf;fp mjw;Fs; nfd;dpah> Afhd;lh Mfpatw;iw cs;slf;fp gphpl;brhh; 1963Mk; lhk; vyprngj; kfhuhzp mtUf;F nfsut tuNtw;G Mz;Ltiu Ml;rpnra;jdh;. ngUksT vz;zpf;ifap mspj;jhh;. ,e;jpa cgfz;lk; ghfg;gphptpid nra;ag;gl;l yhd nts;isah;fis mth;fs; nfd;dpahtpd; tskhd kiyg;gFjpapy; FbNaw;wpdh;. nfd;dpahtpd; kpfg;nghpa NghJ ,];yhk; kjj;ij khj;jpuk; nghJ mk;rkhff; ,df;FOthd fpf;fpA+tpd; (KIKYU)tho;tplkhd me;j nfhz;L Nkw;F fpof;F ghfp];jhd;fs; xd;wpizf;fg; kiyg;gpuNjrj;jpypUe;J mth;fs;; tpul;lg;gl;ldh;. ,j gl;ld. ,e;jpahtpd; ,U nghpa nrtpkly;fshfj; njhq; dhy; gphpl;b~; Ml;rpf;F vjpuhd ,af;fk; cUthfpaJ. Fk; Nkw;Fk; fpof;Fk; neLq;fhyk; xd;whf ,Uf;fkhl;lh 1950fspy; n[hNkh nfd;ahl;lh(JOMO KENYATTA)vd;gth; ntd;W mg;NghNj M&lk; $wg;gl;lJ. ,d> nkhop> jiyikapy; nksnks (MAU MAU) vd;w ,ufrpa gz;ghL czT> tho;TKiw Nghd;w gyjug;gl;l tpjj; vjph; g ; g paf; f k; Muk; g pf; f g; g l; l J. nfd; a hl; l h jpy; ,U gFjp kf;fSk; NtWgl;ldh;. kjj;jhy; mth; ,q;fpyhe;jpy; jq;fpg; gbj;jth;. jdJ kf;fspd; ,oe;j fis xd;wpizf;f Kbatpy;iy. Nkw;F ghfp];jhd; epyq;fis kPln ; lLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w mthf; nfhz;lth;. jiug;gug;gpy; nghpaJ Mdhy; fpof;fpYk; ghh;ff ; kf;fs; nts;isah;fis tpul;Ltjw;F mtUila ,af;fk; njhifapy; rpwpaJ. ghfp];jhd; jiyth;fSk; ,uhZt td;Kiwapy; ,wq;fpaJ. mjpfhhpfSk; Nkw;Fj; jhd; cz;ikahd ghfp];jhd;> Mdhy; muR gue;Jgl;l gil eltbf;iffis fpof;F jkf;Fj; jug;gl;l Ms;Gyk; vd;W ek;gpdh;.

Muk;gpj;J n[hNkh nfd;ahl;lh ifJ nra;ag;gl;L tq;fhs nkhopNgRk; fpof;fpd; kf;fs; kPJ jkJ cUJ rpiwapy; milf;fg;gl;lhh;. gilgyj;ijg; ngUf;F nkhopiaj; jpzpf;f Nkw;Fg; ghfp];jhd; jiyik ; goik tjw;F njw;F Mgphpf;fhtpy; ,Ue;J nts;isf;$ypg; Kide;jJ. tq;fhs nkhop cUJtpYk; ghh;ff tha; e ; j J> ,yf; f paj; gilfis muR ,wf;Fkjp nra;jJ. tpLjiyg; Nghuhl; vy;iy fle;J my;yJ fly; fle;J jpwd;kpf;fJ. ntspehl;L cjtpfspy; 70 tPjj ; ij lj;jpw;F vjpuhd gphpl;b~; te;jth;fs; khj;jpuk; me;epah;fs; Nkw;F jd;dplk; itj; Ml;rp vLj;j Kd;ndLg;Gf;fs; rh;tNjr rl;lq;fs;> epakq;fs; my;yh;. Njhy; epwk; khj;jpuk; Jf; nfhz;lJ. Nkk; ghl;Lj; jpl;lq;fs; xd; gytw;iw kPWk; tifapy; me;epag; gLj;jhJ. xNu WNk fpof; f py; nra; ,Ue;jd. fLk; rpj;jpu tijf;F cl;gLj;jy;> fhy jiug;gug;gpy; tho;e;Jnfhz;L ag;gltpy;iy. ghfp]; jhd; ,uhZtj;jpy; 90 tiuaiwapd; w pj; jLj; J me;epauhFk; re;jh;g;gk; tPjkhNdhh; Nkw;ifr; itj;jy; Nghd;wtw;iw muR epiwaTz;L vk;NkhL xj;J Nrh;e;jth;fs;. eph;thf ritapy; 85 tPj tuhjth;fs;> NkhNdhh; Nkw;F ghfp]; vkf;Fj; jPq;F jhdpah;fs;.

F ghfp];jhd; tpistpgg ; th;fs; gphpe;Jfpof; jdpehlhtjw;F vk;khy; N k w ; F g h f p ] ; j h d ; jpd; nfhLq; me;epah;fshff; ,uhZtj; Nfhyhl; r p cldbf; fzpg;gplg;gL fhuzkhf mike;jJ. xUth; me; thh;fs;. vkJ xUtiu epah; f shfg; g hh; j ; j dh; . jdpj;Jtkhd cdJ epyj;jpy; ehd; Fk; NghJ cdf;F Njrpa eydpy; epw; ehd; me;epad;. vdJ jkJ nrhe;j epyj;jpy; eP epw;Fk; NghJ F eP me; e pad; eyDf;fhfj; vdf; vd; W xU tq; f hsf; jiyapLk; ftpij epiyikiag; gpbj;Jf; fhl;LfpwJ. vtUk; glk; 176>000 JUg; G f; f is me;epah;fs; vd;w miog;Gf;Fs; fpof;F ghfp];jhdpy; epWj;jpa Nkw;Fg; ghfp]; eilKiwg;gLj;jpaJ. Kf%b tUthh;. me;epah;fspd; jhd; epiyikia Nkhr mzpe;j jiyahl;bfs; Kd; fpf;fpA+ kf;fs; epWj;jg;gl;ldh;.

CLUty;fisg; Gwk;js;sg; khf; f paJ. ,e; j pag; gpujkh; ,e; ; j puhfhe; j p jiyahl;lj;jpw;F mik Nghhpl Ntz;bthpDk; mijf; mDg;gpa Kg;gilfspd; thf ,ufrpaj; jLg;G Kfhk; fSf; F mth; f s; mDg; g g; fl;lhakhfr; nra;aNtz;ba cjtpNahL 1971y; tq; fhsNjrk; vd;w Gjpa gl;lhh;fs;. ,ufrpaj; jLg;G nghWg;G xt;nthU jd;khdk; ehL fpof;Fg; ghfp]; Kfhk;fSf;F mDg;Gk; ghijia nts;is ,uhZtk; cs;s ,dj;jpw;Fk; cz;L. jhdpy; Njhd;wpaJ. mz;ikapy; ,J \igg; iyd;| (PIPE LINE)vd;W mioj;jJ. 1954,y; khj;jpuk; 52>000 ifjpfs; igg;iyd; gw;wpg; GjpaNjhh; fUj;JNkhjy; Muk;gpj;Js;sJ. khh;f;fkhfj; jLg;G Kfhk;fSf;F mDg;gg;gl;ldh;;. cj;jug;gpuNjr khepyj; Njh;jy; gpur;rhuf;$l;lj;jpy; fpf; f pA+ Nghuhspfspd; nts; i sah; f s; kP j hd ,e; j puhfhe; j papd; Ngud; uhFy; vdJ ghl; b jhd; jhf;Fjy;fs; kpfTk; nfh^ukhf ,Ue;jd. Mdhy; tq;fhsNjrk; ehl;il cUthf;fpdhh; vd;W $wpdhh;. gilfs; nfhd;w th;fspd; vz;zpf;ifia mth;fshy; ,J kpfg;nghpa czh;tiyfis vOg;gpaJ. Rje;jpuj; vl;bg;gpbf;f Kbatpy;iy. jpw;fhfg; Nghhpl;lth;fSk; mjw;fhd ,og;Gf;fisr; jLg;G Kfhk;fspy; ele;j tijfs; gw;wpa tphpthd re;jpj;jth;fSk; ehq;fNs vd;W cuj;j Fuy;fs; tptuq;fs; mz;ikapy; ntspaplg;gl;l nfd;dpah gw;wpa tq;fhsNjrj;jpy; ,Ue;J Nfl;l ; d. ePqf ; s; cjtpaij ,U Kf;fpa Mtz E}y;fspy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. kWf;fkhl;Nlhk;. Mdhy; Nghhpl;lth;fSk; tpiynfhLj;j (1. IMPERIAL RECKONING - THE UNTOLD STORY OF BRITAIN’S th;fSk; ehq;fs; jhd; vd;w Fuy; kPzL ; k; kPzL ; k; Nfl; GULAG IN KENYA BY CAROLINE ELKINS. PUBLISHED BY lJ. ,J njhlh;ghf Ma;thsh;fs; %ba Gj;jfq;fis HENRY HOLT. 2. HISTORIES OF THE HANGED: THE DIRTY WAR kPzL ; k; jpwe;jdh;. K[pGu; uFkhd;. tq;fhs Njrj;jpd; IN KENYA AND THE END OF EMPIRE BY DAVID ANDERSON. je;ij jd;dplk; $wpa jfty; vd;W ,e;jpuhfhe;jpapd; PUBLISHED BY W.W.NORTAN) 1950, 1960fspy; ,q;fpyhe;jpy; ntspte;j gj;jphpiffs; jkJ ehl;Lg; gilfs; nra;j ek;gpf;iff;Fhpa Fy;bg;ea;ahh; gj;jphpiffspy; gpd;tU td;Kiwfis %bkiwj;jd> mNj rkak; fpf;fpA+ khW vOjpdhh;. ghfp];jhd; ,uhZtj;jhy; nfhy;yg;gl; Nghuhspfs; nra;jtw;iw nghpJgLj;jpd. tijKfhk; Nlhhpd; Mff;Fiwe;j vz;zpf;if 3kpy;ypad;. ghfp]; fspy; Mz;fspd; tpijfis mfw;Wjy;> ghypay; jhd; ,uhZtk; ghypay; ty;YwTf;Fl;gLj;jpa tq; ty;YwTf;F cl;gLj;jy;> jhf;Fjy; eha;fis VtptpL fhsg; ngz;fspd; vz;zpf;if 2,yl;rj;jpYk; $Lj jy;> kpd;rhuk; gha;rR ; jy;> ePhpy; %o;fbj;jy; Nghd;wit yhdJ. ,e;jpah cjtpaJ cz;ik vd;whYk; jkJtpL rhjhuzkhf elj;jg;gl;ld. ,g;gbahd nfh^uq;fspy; jiyia ntd;nwLj;jth;fs; tq;fhsNjr kf;fs; jhd; nts;isg;gilfNshL ,ize;J nraw;gl;l fWg;gpd vd;gJ tuyhw;whrphpah;fs; KbT. jkJ tpLjiyiaj; xl;Lf;FOf;fSk; gq;Nfw;wd. Nghiu Kbtpw;F nfhz;L jhNk Nghuhbg; ngwNtz;Lk; vd;gJ fhyj;jhy; mopahj ; s;sJ. tu Kbahky; jpzwpa gphpl;b~; muR 1960,y; mtru cz;ik. jkpoPok; ,ij ed;whf czh;eJ

07

k;ghiw khtl;lj;jpy; nrg;nuk;gupd; 12k;> 13k; 14k; jpfjpfspy; tf;FKl;bah> fQ;rpFbr;rhW Mfpa ,lq;fspy; rpwpyq;fh rpwg;G mjpubg;gilapdUf;F vjpuhd njhlu;r;rpahd jhf;Fjy;fs; tpLjiyg; Gypfshy; Nkw;nfhs;sg; gl;ld. nfhOk;G Clfq;fshy; ftd khfj; jtpu;f;fg;gl;l me;jj; jhf;F jy;fs; %d;wpYk; Fiwe;jJ 10 mjpubg; gilapdu; nfhy;yg;gl;lhu;fs;. mNj Nghd;W ,d;ndhU klq;fpdu; fhakile;jpUe;jhu;fs;. gpd;du; 17k; jpfjpad;Wk; tf;FKl;bahtpy; xU jhf;Fjy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;L mjpYk; ,U rpwg;G mjpubg; gilapdu; nfhy;yg;gl;ljhfr; nra;jpfs; njuptpf;fpd;wd. rpwpyq;fh gilj;Jiw apd; rhu;gpy; ,e;jr; nra;jpfs; ,Ul;lbg;Gr; nra;ag;gl;L> NtW jpupg;Gr; nra;jpfs; ntspaplg;gl;ld. ,e;jj; jhf;Fjy;fspy; tpLjiyg; Gypfspd; gJq;fpr; RLNthu;> fz;zp ntbg; gpupT> NtT mzp kw;Wk; jhf;F jy; mzp Mfpatw;wpd; Nghuhspfs; gq;Nfw;wpUe;jdu;. ,j;jhf;Fjy;fspy; tpLjiyg; Gypfspd; jug;gpy; ,og;Gf; fs; Vw;gltpy;iy. mjpypUe;J> ,it rpwpa mzpfisg; gad;gLj;jp jpifg;igAk; tpiue;j gpd;thq;F jiyAk; cj;jpahff; nfhz;L nra;ag;gl;lit vd;W njupfpwJ. kl;lf;fsg;gpYk;> nrg;nuk;gu; khjj;jpd; Kjy; ,uz;L thuq; fspy; fubadhW> ,Yg;igabr; Nrid> Mapj;jpakiy Mfpa %d;W ,lq;fspy; jhf;Fjy;fs; ,lk;ngw;wpUf;fpd;wd. mk;ghiwiag; Nghyy;yhJ> ,j;jhf;Fjy;fs; kf;fs; elkhl;lKs;s neLQ;rhiyia

r%fj;ij ePuhfTk; fUJk; cj;jpf;F mikaNt rpwpyq;fh gilfspd; fpof;F eltbf;if Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ. vz;gJfspd; eLg;gFjpapy;> jz;zPupy; tiyNghl;L kPidg; gpbf; Fk; cj;jpahf rpwg;G mjpubg;gil apdupd; nraw;ghL mike;jpUe;jJ. ‘Ik;gJ ,isQu;fisf; nfhy; Yq;fs;> mjpy; ItuhtJ Nghuhsp fshf ,Ug;gu;’ vd;w ,];Nuy; Gydha; Tj;Jiwapd; MNyhrid vd;W nrhy;yg;gLk; cj;jpapd;gb rpwg;G mjpubg; gilapdu; fpof;fpy; vz;zw;w ,isQu;fisf; nfhd;wdu;> ngUe; njhifahNdhiu cly; CdKwr; nra;J jilKfhk;fSf;F mDg;gpdu;. mr;nraw;ghL ghupa vjpu; tpisT fisNa Ml;rpahsUf;Ff; nfhLj;jJ. fpof;fpy; mjpf ,isQu;fs; Nghuhl;lj; jpy; ,iza Muk;gpj;jJ ,e;j rpwg;G mjpubg;gilapdupd; nfhLq;Nfhy; fhyj;jpy;jhd;. jz;zPiu ,iwj;Jtpl;L kPidj; jdpahf;Fk; Kaw;rpahfNt fpof;fpd; jw;Nghija gilr; nraw;ghLfs; mike;jpUf;fpd;wd. jz;zPu; vdg;gLk; jha;r;r%fj;jpdu; nfhba ; vwpfiz tPr;R kw;Wk; a tpUugww w ; i thd;gilj; jhf;Fjy; s; ,d N; ghu>; k j ; pf ; pd pay vd;gtw;wpdhy; fl;lhakhf uGg ; h cj fis Nghu hdJ knfupyy fhL hdpa ,lk;ngau;f;fg;gl;ldu;.

N a ; u y k i ; j ; ; epi w kwW Nghuhspfspd; hd t gpupj zk . ; i ilNaa ptpll; J.Gg; gupkhyi K y ; nraw;ghL my;yJ Nghu F u , ; z , k ; ; W k z y ; g pw t h elkhl;lk; ,Ue;jjhff; ; ; pY hj> N pW ; g i tww lf; ff; fsjj kqf w r fUjg;gl;l midj;J vdg; r; l; ; hluG; fhzl; > hYk; j n nrQ hJ vej ; ,lq;fspYk; ,Ue;j ld isf; n ilfs jJ g dW ; N ; ; g kf;fs;> nfhOk;gpd; ,e;j g , fx f ; f d ; g i q ; ; ; ; a m g; hLfs . %Nyhghaj;jpd;gb> hf idjJ bfi b e t N l ; $ m w a ; e ; f r; nra pdw ; d cldb mfjpfshf;fg; ngU%Nyhghtiyfs fpilff Lf m N w gl;ldu;. ,d;Wtiu mjpy; ; d. ahd vdgg; gilapd; gpujhd fldhFk;. mt;tplj; jpy; mg;gilapd; nry;thf;fpw;Fr; rthy;fs; ,Uf;Fk;tiu mq;Nf KOikahd fl;Lg;ghL epyTtjhfr; nrhy;yKbahJ. Vnddpy;> mj;jifa rk;gtq;fspd; mjpfupg;G> Nghupd; jpiria tpidj;jpwDld; khw;wptplyhk;. ,ij tpsq;fpf; nfhs;tjw;F <uhf; fsKid rhu;e;j mz;ika epfo; nthd;iwf; Fwpg;gplyhk;. nrg;nuk;gu; khjj;jpd; ,uz;lhk; thuj;jpy;> mnkupf;f nrdw;wpd; Kd;dpiyapy;> <uhf;fpYs;s mnkupf;fg; gilfspd; epiyFwpj;Jr; rhl;rpakspj;j n[duy; Nltpl; ngl;uhA];> <uhf;fpd; Rdp ,dg; gFjpahd md;ghupy; rk;gtq;fs; ntFthff; Fiwe;jjhfTk; mJ jkJ gilfspd; nray; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;fhd FwpaPL vdTk; nrhy;ypapUe;jhu;.

Mdhy;> mnkupf;f rdhjpgjpia Neubahfr; re;jpj;Jg; ghuhl;Lg; ngw;wpUe;j Rdp ,dj; jiytu; mG uprh> kWehNs md;ghupy; itj;J rpaha; FOthy; gLnfhiy nra;ag;gl;lhu;. ty;yuRf;fspd; ; p %Nyhgaq;fspy; jj

fpd ; fyit hLfs; g; k ; gg; L a a r pd n pfs J r; nraw s ; j ; f j c FWq

ngUf;F Mfpait gad;gl;ld. tpal;ehkpy; Fstpfs; $lg; gad;gl;ld.

FWq;fsr; nraw;ghLfspd; tpidj;jpwDf;F cyf tuyhW neLfpYk; gjpTz;L. ,uz;lhk; cyg;Nghupd; fhyj;jpy; gpuhd;rpd; Njrgf;ju;fSk; nfhk;A+dp];Lf;fSk; Nerg;gilapdupd; ehrNtiy kw;Wk; Gydha;T eltbf;iffSf;F cjtp Gupe;jNjhL> vz;zpylq;fhj FWq;fsr; nraw;ghLspYk; <Lgl;ldu;. n[u;kdpa fhty; cyh mzpnahd;wpw;F jtwhd jpiriaf; fhl;btpLtjpy; ,Ue;J njhlu; tz;bfisj; jlk;Gul;Ljy; tiu mr;nraw;ghLfs; tpupthf ,Ue;jd. gpuhd;ir jdJ Nkw;F Nehf;fpa Mjpf;f tpupg;gpd; Kjd;ikj; jskhff; fUjpa `pl;yu;> mjd; Kf;fpa ikaq;fisr; rk;gtq;fs; ,d;wpg; NgZtjw;fhf Nkyjpf JUg;Gf;fis mq;Nf epWj;jNtz;bapUe;jJ. jw;fhyj;jpy;> ,jd; rpwpa tbt xg;gPlhf> aho;g;ghzk; kd;dhu; tTdpah Mfpa ,lq;fspd; fsKid jtpu;e;j gFjpfspy; JUg;Gf;fis ,Oj;J itj;jpUf;Fk; FWq;fsr; nraw;ghLfisr; nrhy;yhk;. tpal;ehkpd; tpLjiyg; Nghupy; FWq;fsr; nraw;ghLfspd; gq;F jdpj;JtkhdJ. mJ kNthtpd; kf;fs; kag;gLj;jiy mbnahw;wpahjhfj; jpwe;Jtplg;gl;bUe;jJ. gy ngUQ;rku;fspd; KbTfspy; nfhbNaw;wpaJ vd;dNth mnkupf;fg; gilfs;jhd;. irfDf;fhd filrpr; rkupd; fhyj;jpy; tpal;ehkpaf; Nfzy; xUtu; mJgw;wpg; NgRk;NghJ> ‘mg;gbg; gy rku;fspy; ehq;fs; gpd;thq;fpaJ cz;ikahf ,Uf;fyhk;. Mdhy; Nghupd; Kbitj; jPu;khdpf;fg;NghtJ mJty;y>’ vd;W Fwpg;gpl;ljhfr; nrhy;tu;. tpal;nfhq; Nghuhsp fspd; FWq;fsr; nraw; ghLfs; mnkupf;fg; gil fspilNa csTuz; tPo;r;rp

Nrdhjp

mz;b ,lk;ngw;wpUg;gjhy;> ,j;jhf;F jy;fs; gw;wpa nra;jpfisj; jtpu;f;f Kbahj epiyapy;> murpd; gilj;Jiw Clfq;fspy; jpupf;fg;gl;l jfty;fs; ntspaplg;gl;ld. mur jug;Gr; Nrjq;fs; Fiwj;Jr; nrhy;yg;gl;ld. ,j;jifa FWq;fsr; nraw;ghL fs; Clfj;jpdupilNa ngupa Mu;tj;ij Vw;gLj;Jtjpy;iy. xU %iyapNyNa ,lk;gpbf;Fk; ,r;nra;jpfisg; ghu;g;gtu;fs; $l mtw;iwg; ngupJgLj;Jtjpy;iy.

Mdhy;> Nghupay; Ma;thsu; ,t;thwhd epfo;Tfisj; jpUg;g Kidfspd; msTNfhy;fs; vd;W miof;fpd;wdu;.

Nghupaypd; ,d;iwa tpUj;jp epiyahdJ kuGg;Nghu;> kugw;w Nghu; Kiw kw;Wk; nfupy;yh cj;jpfs; vd;gtw;wpw;F ,ilNaahd tiuNfhL fis kq;fg;gz;zptpl;lJ. gpupj;jhdpa nrQ;rl;ilf; fhy kuGg; gupkhzk; ,g;NghJ ve;jf; fsj;jpYk; ,y;iy. ngUeltbf;if xd;Wld; njhlu; Gwhj> NtW %Nyhgha Nehf;fq;fisf; nfhz;l> rpW Ntiyfs; midj;Jg; gilfshYk; nra;ag;gLfpd;wd. fpilf;ff;$ba midj;J cj;jp fspdJk; fyitahd mr; nraw;ghL fs; FWq;fsr; nraw;ghLfs; vdg;gL fpd;wd. jdJ Mjpf;fg; gug;G vd;W mwptpf;fg;gl;l ,lq;fis>‘rk;gtq;fs;’ vd;Wk; Ma;thsuhy; toq;fg;gLk; FWq;fsr; nraw;ghLfs; ,lk;ngwhky; NgZtJ> mg;gug;ig Mjpf;fk; nra;Ak;

08

FWq;fsr; nraw;ghLfs; tpisf;Fk; jhf;fj;ij vLj;Jf;$Wk; ,j;jifa rk;gtq;fs; njhlUkhdhy;> <uhf; fpYs;s mnkupf;fg; gilfspd; Kd;Ndw;wk; gw;wpa n[duypd; fUj;J ngha;f;fyhk;. ,yq;ifapYk;> fpof;if Kw;W KOjhff; ifg;gw;wptpl;ljw;fhd milahskhf rpwpyq;fh muR FLk;gp kiy ntw;wpiaf; nfhz;lhb 60 ehl;fspy; FWq;fsr; nraw;ghLfis ,ay;ghfr; nra;Ak; Mw;wiy Gypfs; ep&gpj;jpUf;fpwhu;fs;. ,J rpwpyq;fh murhq;fj;jpd; %Nyhgha tFg;ghsUf;F tapw;wpy; Gspiaf; fiuf;Fk; tplakhfNt ,Uf;Fk;. kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l gil eltbf;if cldhd jho; jPtpug;Nghu; %NyhghaNk ,yq;ifapy; filg;gpbf;fg;gLfpwJ. jho;jPtpu Aj;jkhdJ ,d;W ngupa rf;jpfspd; Mrpngw;w vjpu;g;Gul;rp %Nyhghakhff; fUjg;gLfpwJ. mjid> NghuhLk; r%fj;jpw;F vjpuhd jiltpjpg;G> nghUshjhu Klf;fk;> fl;lha ,lg;ngau;g;G> gLnfhiy> td;kk; kw;Wk; Ruz;ly; vd;Wk; nghUl;nfhs;syhk;. ,tw;iw rpwpyq;fh muR tlf;fp Yk; fpof;fpYk; Kg;gJ tUlq;fSf;F Nkyhff; filg;gpbj;J tUfpwJ. ,e; eilKiwfspd; tpisthf NghhpLk; kdepiy ePu;j;Jg;Nghf Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj Ml;rpahsupd; vjpu;ghu;g;G. Nghuhspfis kPdhfTk; jha;r;

ngUk;ghyhdtu;fs; jq;fs; ,lq;fSf;F mDkjpf;fg;gl tpy;iy. kf;fsplkpUe;J jdpikg;gl;l epiyapy; Nghuhspfshy; tpidj; jpwDld; ,aq;f KbahJ vd;W> me;jf; fl;lha ,lg;ngau;r;rpiaj; jpl;lkpl;l rpwpyq;fhtpd; gilj;Jiw tpw;gd;du;fs; fUjpdu;.

Muk;gj;jpy; mJ xU ntw;wp Kfkhd Njhw;wg;ghl;ilf; nfhLj; jpUe;jJ. gpd;Gyj; jsq;fs; rpytw;iw ,oe;j epiyapy; Nghuhspfspd; nraw;ghLfs; kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;ld. me;j epiyapy; jdJ eltbf;iffs; ntw;wpfukhf Kw;Wg;ngw;Wtpl;ljhf nfhOk;G mwptpj;jJ. MapDk;> gpd;js Mjutpy; jq;fpapuhj nraw;ghLfspy; Nghuhspfs; <LgLtijf; fl;Lg;gLj;JtJ vd;gJ jpUf;if tiyapy; nej;jypia gpbf;f Kaw;rpg;gJ Nghd;wJ vd;gijf; nfhOk;gpd; %Nyhghathjpfs; ,g;NghJ fz;lwpe;jpUg;ghu;fs;.

FWq;fsr; nraw;ghLfSf;F gpd;js MjuT ngupjhfj; Njitg;gLt jpy;iy. jha;r;r%fj;jpd; MjuT kl;LNk mjw;Fg; NghJkhdJ. ngUks thd cWg;gpdNuh MAjq;fNsh cgfuzq;fNsh mtrpaky;y. ,aw;ifAk; xU fUtpahf FWq; fsr; nraw;ghLfspy; gad;gLtJz;L. gpuhd;rpy; `pl;yUf;F vjpuhd nraw; ghLfspy; flypd; tw;W kw;Wk;

kw;Wk; giltpuak; Nghd;w Neubj; jhf;fq;fis Vw;gLj;jpd. ngUQ;rku;fs; VJk; eilngwhj epiyapYk; tpal;ehkpypUe;J mnkupf;f tPuu;fspd; rlyq;fs; nry;tJ epw;ftpy;iy. ,J kWtsj; jpy; ghupa murpay; kPsjpu;Tfis Vw;gLj;jpw;W. nkhj;jj;jpy; tpal;ehkpd; ngUq;fsq;fSf;fhd ntw;wp Njhy;tpia FWq;fsr; nraw;ghLfs; Vw;fdNt jPu;khdpj;J itj;jpUe;jd. njd;dhgpupf;fhtpy; murpay; jPu;tpd; Njitia typAWj;jpajpy; mq;F epfo;e;j FWq;fsr; nraw;ghLfspd; jhf;fj;ij vtUk; kWf;fKbahJ. mNjNghy> tl mau;yhe;jpd; Nghuhl;lk; FWq;fsr; nraw;ghLis ikakhff; nfhz;Nl mike;jpUe;jijAk; ,q;Nf Fwpg;gplNtz;Lk;.

Nkw;nrhd;d ,lq;fspYk; cyfpd; NtWgy KidfspYk; Nghuhspfspd; FWq;fsr; nraw;ghLfs; Mjpf;f rf;jpfspd; jho;jPtpug;Nghu; cghaj;ij ntt;NtW kl;lq;fspy; Kwpabj;jpUf;fpd;wd. fpof;F eltbf;ifapd; gpd;dhd rpwpyq;fh gilapdupd; nraw;ghLfspy; vq;Fk; Kd;Ndw;wk; fhl;l Kbahj njha;T epiy njupfpwJ. mijg; G+rpnkOf> fpof;fpy; MAjk; nghWf;Fk; nra;jpfisAk;> td;dpf;fs Kidfspy; ngUe;njhifapy; Gypfs; kbtjhd gug;GiufisAk;> fg;gy; fhl;Lk; cj;jpfisAk; rpwpyq;fh %Nyhghathjpfs; ek;gpapUg;gjhfj; njupfpwJ. mNjNtis> nkJthfr; #Lgpbj;JtUk; fpof;fpd; FWq;fsr; nraw;ghLfs;> rpwpyq;fhtpd; gilg;guk;gy; %Nyhghaj;jpy; jpUg;gq;fis Vw;ghLj;Jtjw;fhd tha;g;Gf;fs; mjpfupj;J tUfpd;wd.

Mtzp - Gul;lhrp> 2007

wpyq; f h murhdJ jw; N ghJ kpfTk; ,f; fl; l hd neUf; f bahd fhyg; g Fjpapy; epw; fpd;wJ. xU Gwj;jpy; nghUshjhu neUf;fb fSk; tho;f;ifr; nryT mjpfhpg;Gf;fSk; kf;fs; kPJ ghhpa Rikahf mOj;Jfpd;wd. kWGwj;jpy; rpwpyq;fh muNrh vg;NghJk; ftpoyhk; vd;w ,f;fl;lhd epiyapy; murpid elj; j pf; n fhz; b Uf; f pd; w J. vjph; f ; f l; r pfs; kfpe;j murpidf; ftpo;g;gjw;fhf jPtpukhf eltbf;if fis Nkw; n fhz; L tUfpd; w d. mj; J ld; etk; g h; khjj;jpy; mwpKfg;gLj;jtpUf;Fk; 2008k; Mz;bw;fhd tuTnryTj; jpl;lk; ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; rkh;g;gpf;fg;gLk; NghJ mjidj; Njhw;wfbf;fr; nra;tjw;Fk; vjph;ff ; l;rpfs; jw;NghNj Kaw;rpfis Nkw;nfhs;sj;njhlq;fptpl;ld. mt;thW tuTnryTj;jpl;lk; ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; Njhw;fbf; fg;gl;lhy; ghuhSkd;wk; fiyf;fg;gLtJ jtph;ff ; Kbahj jhfptpLk;. ,J ,t;thwpUf;f> kfpe;j murhdJ mjdJ kdpj chpik kPwy;fs; njhlh;ghfTk; kdpjhgpkhd neUf;fbfis jkpo; NgRk; kf;fspd; kPJ Vw;gLj;JtJ njhlh;ghfTk; fLikahd fz;ldq;fisAk; tpkh; rdq; f isAk; midj; J yf uP j pahf Kfk; nfhLf; f Ntz;bapUf;fpd;wJ. mjhtJ cyf ehLfs;> kdpj chpik Mh;tyh;fs; kw;Wk; I.ehtpd; kdpj chpik NgZiff;fhd mikg;Gf;fs; vd;gd ,J njhlh;ghf gy;NtW eltbf;iffis vLj;J tUfpd;wd. ,e; j tifapy; I.ehtpd; kdpj chpik

fSf; f hd rigapd; 6tJ mkh;tpy; mnkhpf;fh ehl; i lr; N rh; e ; j fud; ghh;f;fh; mk;ikahh; rpwp yq;fhtpd; kdpj chpik kPwy;fs; njhlh;ghfj; njhp tpj;j fUj;Jf;fs; kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. rpwpyq; f h mu rpd; kdpj chpik kPwy; fs; njhlh;ghf ntspaplg; gl; l cah; ] ; j hdpfhpd; mwpf; i ff; F rpwpyq; f h murpd; gjpyhdJ mbg; gilapy; I.ehtpd; fl;l ikg;Gf;fs;>kdpj chpik Mh; t yh; f s; kw; W k; njhz; l h; epWtdq; f s; vd; g dtw; i w mr; R Wj; Jk; tifapy; mike;jpUe;jJ. ,J kpfTk; ghuJ}ukhd tplakhFk;. rpyp ehl;bd; gpNdhNr muNrh Mh;[d;hPdh tpid Ml;rpGhpe;j n[duy;fNsh my;yJ vy;ry;tNlhh; kw;Wk; Fthj;jkhyh Nghd;w ehLfNsh ,J Nghd;ws tpw;F Nkhrkhd Kiwapy; I.ehtpd; kdpj chpik mikg;Gf;fSlNdh my;yJ gd;dhl;L kdpj chpik epWtdq;fSlNdh Kuz;gl;lJ fpilahJ. Vnddpy; I.eh kdpj chpik rigNa xU ehL kdpj chpik kP w y; f spy; <Lgl; L s; s jh vd; g ijAk; mjw; n fjpuhf vd; d eltbf; i ffis; Nkw; n fhs; s Ntz; L k; vd;gijAk; jPh;khdpf;Fk;. rk;ge;jg;gl;l ehLfs; my;y.

I.eh kdpj chpik rig> tpNrl J}Jth;fs;> kw;Wk; I.eh cah;];jhdpfh; MfpNahh; rpwpyq;fh Nghd;w ehLfspd; mr;RWj;jy;fSf;F mbgzpe;jhy; ,e;j rig mikf;fg; gl;ljd; Nehf;fNk gLNjhy;tp mile;JtpLk; vd;W jdJ ciuapy; njhptpj;jpUe;jhh;. jw;NghJ n[dpthtpy; ,lk;ngWk; I.ehtpd; kdpj chpik rig mkh;Tfspy; kdpj chpik kPwy;fs; kw;Wk; kdpjhgpkhd neUf;fbfis kf;fSf;F Vw;gLj;jp aik njhlh;ghf rpwpyq;fhtpw;F vjpuhf VjhtJ jPh; khdq;fs; epiwNtw;wg;glyhk; vd;W rpwpyq;fh muR nghpJk; mr;rk; mile;Js;sJ. ,jd; fhuzkhf rpwp yq;fh murpd; ntsptptfhu mikr;rh;> rkhjhdr; nra yfg; gzpg;ghsh; Nghd;wth;fs; INuhg;gpa gazj;jpid Nkw;nfhz;L gy;NtW ,uh[je;jpu fye;Jiuahly;fspy; <Lgl;L tUfpd;whh;fs;. vt;thnwdpDk;> rpwpyq;fh murpd; [dhjpgjp cl;gl mikr;rh;fs; gyUk; njd;dpyq;ifapy; cs;s

Mtzp - Gul;lhrp> 2007

jkJ rpq; f s ngsj; j NghpdthjpfisAk; ,jw; F Mjutspf; F k; rpq; f s kf; f isAk; jpUg; j pg; g Lj; J k; eltbf;iffspy; <LgLtNj jkJ gjtpfisj; jf;fitg; gjw;Fk;> vjph; fhyj;jpy; ,lk;ngWk; Njh;jy;fspy; jhk; ntw;wpngWtjw;F mtrpak; vd;Nw nraw;gLfpd;whh;fs;. vdNtjhd; rpq;fs kf;fisAk; NghpdthjpfisAk;

kfpe;j murhdJ mjdJ kdpj chpik kPwy;fs; njhlh;ghfTk; kdpjhgpkhd neUf;fbfis jkpo; NgRk; kf;fspd; kPJ Vw;gLj;JtJ njhlh;ghfTk; fLikahd fz;l dq;fisAk; tpkh;rdq;fisAk; midj;Jyf uPjpahf Kfk; nfhLf;fNtz;bapUf;fpd;wJ. mjh tJ cyf ehLfs;> kdpj chpik Mh;tyh;fs; kw;Wk; I.ehtpd; kdpj chpik NgZiff;fhd mikg;Gf;fs; vd;gd ,J njhlh;ghfg; gy;NtW eltbf;iffis vLj;J tUfpd;wd.

kfpo;tpf;Fk; tifapy; gd;dhl;L r%fk;> I.ehtpd; mikg; G f; f s; > kdpj chpik mikg; G f; f s; > Clf tpayhsh;fs; MfpNahh; kPJ fLikahd mwpf;iffis Ak; Ngl;bfisAk; ,e;j mikr;rh;fSk; Kf;fpa mjpfhhp fSk; toq;fp tUfpd;whh;fs;. ,e; j tifapy; I.ehtpd; kdpjhgpkhd tptfhuq; f Sf; f hd Jizr; nrayhsh; ehafKk;

Gypj;Njtd; kw;Wk; mtru epthuzg;gzpf;fhd ,izg;ghsUkhd Nrh;.N[hd; N`hk;]; mth;fis xU gaq;futhjp vd;Wk; tpLjiyg;Gypfsplk; ifa+l;L ngw;wth; vd;Wk; ngUe; njUf;fs; mikr;rh; n[auh[; ngh;dhd;NlhGs;Ns $wpaJ rh; t Njr uP j pahf rpwpyq; f h murpd; jpkph; j ; j dkhd Nghf;fpidAk; kdpj chpikfs; njhlh;ghd mjdJ myl;rpaj;jpidAk; njspthf ntspg;gLj;j cjtpaJ. ,J njhlh;ghf fUj;J njhptpj;j xU Nkw;F ehl;Lj;

J}Jth; ,e;j mikr;rh; njUf;fis $l;Ltjw;Fjhd; nghUj;j khdth; vd;W $wpdhh;. mz;ikapy; gd;dhl;L neUf;fbfSf;fhd FOtpd; gzpg;ghsUk; Kd;dhs; mT]; N uypa ntsptptfhu mikr; r Ukhd fhuj; ,thd; ] ; nfhOk; g py; ,lk; n gw; w kehl; b y; fye; J nfhz; L ciuahw; W k; N ghJ rpwpyq; f htpd; kdpj chpikfs; kPwy;fs; njhlh;ghfTk; mjd; tpisTfs; njhlh;ghfTk; fUj;Jf;fs; $wpaikf;fhf njd;dpyq;if Clfq;fshYk; kfpe;j murpd; mjpfhhpfshYk; fLik ahf tpkh;rpf;fg;gl;lhh;. ,NjNghd;W epa+Nahh;f;fpid jiyikaf khff; nfhz;baq;Fk; kdpj chpikfisf; fz;fhzpf; Fk; mikg;G> midj;Jyf kd;dpg;Gr; rig vd;gdTk; jkpo; kf;fs; kPJ rpwpyq;fh muRk; mjd; gilfSk; Nkhrkhd kdpj chpik kPwy;fspy; <LgLfpd;wd vd;W $wpaikf;fhf fLikahf tpkh;rpf;fg;gl;ld. mj;Jld; GypfSf;Fk; ,e;j mikg;Gf;fSf;Fk; kpfTk; neUq;fpa njhlh;G cz;nld;Wk; Gypfspd; jdpehl;L nfhs;iff;F ,it kiwKfkhf cjtpGhpfpd;wd vd;Wk; njd;dp yq;if Clfq;fshYk; kfpe;jtpd; mur mjpfhhpfshYk; fz;ldq;fs; njhptpf;fg;gl;ld. ,t;thW xUGwk; cs;ehl;L murpay; kw;Wk; nghUshjhu neUf;fbfSk;> kWGwj;jpy; gd;dhl;Lr; r%fk;> I.eh kw;Wk; Vida kdpj chpik mikg; Gf;fs; rpwpyq;fh murpd; kPJ fLikahd eltbf;if fis Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;W typAWj;jp tU

tjdhy; rh; t Njr uP j pahf jdpikg; g Lj; j g; g l; L tplg;glyhk; vd;w mr;rk; vd kfpe;j muR gy;NtW neUf; fbfis gyKidfspy; xNu Neuj;jpy; vjph;nfhs;s Ntz;ba rpf;fypy; cs;sJ. ,e;j epiyapy;> jdJ midj;J neUf;fbfis Ak; jPh;g;gjw;fhd rh;tNuhf epthuzpahf Nghhpid njhlh;e;J Nkw;nfhs;tNj xNutop vd;W kfpe;j muR ek;Gfpd;wJ. ,jd; %yk; kf;fspd; midj;J neUf; fbfs; > murpd; Coy; Nkhrbfs; > Kiwahd Ml; r p apd;ik Nghd;w midj;Jk; Nghh; eltbf;iffspd; ngauhy; kwf;fg;gl;LtpLk; vd;W kfpe;j muR epidf; fpd;wJ. njd;jkpoPoj;jpNy fsepiyikfisAk; g+Nfhs miktplq;fisAk; fUj;jpy; nfhz;L tpLjiyg;Gypfs; je;jp Nuhgha uPjpay; rpy gpd;efh;T eltbf; i ffs; Nkw; n fhz; l jid kfpe; j muR GypfSf;F vjpuhfg; ghhpa ntw; w papid <l; b tpl; l jhfg; gug;Giu nra;JtU fpd;wJ. Mdhy; cz;ikapy; rpq;fs muR jdJ murpay; kw;Wk; gjtp eyd;fSf;fhf rpq; f sg; gilfis msTf; f jpfkhd epyg;gpuNjrq;fspNy gug;Gtjd; %yk; Kw;WKOjhd mopTg;ghijf;F jdJ gilfis ,l;Lr;nry;fpd;wJ. xU gpuNjrj;jpid ifg;gw;Wtjw;fhd type;j jhf;Fjy;fis Nkw;nfhs;Sk;NghJ> cjhuzkhf 100 rJu fpNyhkPw;wh; gug;gstpid ifg;gw;Wtjw;F 1000 gilapdh; NghJnkd;why; ,jid vjphpfspd; jhf;Fjy; fspy; ,Ue;J ghJfhg;gjw;F> G+Nfhs miktplq;fisg; nghWj; J ,e; j njhifapd; gj; J klq; F mjpfkhd gilapdh; mjhtJ 10000 tiuapyhd gilapdh; Njitg;gLthh;fs;. ,e;j tifapNy gue;j ntspfisAk; flw;fiuNahuq;fisAk;> fhLfs; kw;Wk; kiyf;Fd;W fisf; nfhz; l njd; j kpoP o j; j pid Kw; W KOjhf fl;Lg;ghl;by; itj;jpUg;gjw;F Nkyjpfkhf Mff; Fiwe; jJ 60>000-70>000 tiuapyhd gilapdh; Njitg; gLthh;fs;. ,JNghjhnjd;W kd;dhhpw;Fk; Gj;jsj;jpw; Fk; ,ilapy; mike;Js;s mhpg;G> rpyhtj;Jiw gFjp fspy; epiynfhs;tjw;Fk; NkYk; Mapuf;fzf;fhd gilapdh; Njitg;gLthh;fs;. ,Jjtpu> fle;j gj;JtUlq;fSf;F Nkyhf tpLjiyg;Gypfs; ve;jNtisapYk; jhf;Fjy; eltbf;if fis Nkw;nfhs;syhk; vd;w gaj;jpd; fhuzkhf (11 Mk; gf;fk; ghh;f;f)

09

q;Nfrd;Jiw eNl];tuhf; fy;Y}hpapy; Kjy;ju khztp> gpd; ehl;fspy; Ntk;gb kfsph; fy;Y}hpapd; f.ngh.j (c/j) tpQ;QhdgPl khztp> me;j mikjpahd Ffghypfh GypfNshL NghdJ vy;NyhiuAk; tpag;gpy; Mo;j;jptpl;lJ. tha;jpwe;J mjpfk; Nghrhj> Muthuq;fspy;yhj ‘Nwhrhf;fh’tpDs;spUe;j ehl;Lg;gw;iw vtuhYNk Vw;fdNt milahsk; fz;bUf;fKbatpy;iy. mtuJ neUq;fpa Njhopapd; jq;ifnahUth; 1989 ,y; Gypfs; mikg;gpy; ,ize;J nfhz;l nra;jp fhw;wpy; gutpaJ. nra;jpia Nfs;tpAw;w Ffghypfh Njhopaplk; Xbte;J> “vdf;F xU nrhy;Yr; nrhy;ypapUe;jh> ehDk; Nrh;e;J NghapUg;gd;. nrhy;yhky; Ngha;tpl;lhs;” vd;W ftiyg;gl;lNghJjhd;> mtSf;Fs;spUe;j tpLjiy neUg;igj; Njhopahy; Ghpe;Jnfhs;s Kbe;jJ. eNl];tuhf; fy;Y}hpapy; gbf;Fk; tiu xU jtizg; ghPl;irapy; Ffghypfh Kjyhkplk; te;jhy;> Njhop ,uz;lhkplj;jpy; ,Ug;gh;. kW jtizapy; Njhop Kjyhkplj;Jf;F

Nghdgpd; mzpapdiu kWgb kWgb nra;tpj;J mth;fspd; epidtpy; gjpaitj;Jtpl;lhh;.

Nghuhspfis cs;slf;fpa xU mzpapdUf;F Jsrp fzpdpiaf; fw;gpj;jhh;.

xypaiy thq;fpfisr; nra;tJ> njhlh;ghly; fUtpfisj; jpUj;JtJ> Neuf;fl;Lg;ghl;Lg; nghwpfisr; nra;tJ vd xU tUlk; tiu me;j mzpapdNuhL mthpd; gzp njhlh;e;jJ. 1991Mk; Mz;bd; ,Wjpapy; ,th;fspy; ,Ue;J Njh;e;njLf;fg;gl;l rpyh;> rpwg;Gg; gilazp xd;wpDs; cs;thq;fg;gl;l NghJ> JsrpAk; mth;fspy; xUtuhfg; NghapUe;jhh;.

1994Mk; Mz;bd; ,Wjptiu njhlh;ghly;> ,yj;jpudpay; gphptpdUf;Fk;> fzpdpg; gphpTf;Fk; nghWg;ghf ,Ue;jthpd; Rik kpf mjpfk;. gphpTfspd; tphpT fUjp 1995Mk; Mz;by; njhlh;ghly;> ,yj;jpudpay; gFjp jdpahfg; gphpe;J ,aq;f> Jsrp fzpdpg; gphpitj; njhlh;e;Jk; topelhj;jpdhh;. mJtiu ehSk; rpwg;G mzpapdhpd; ngz;fisf;nfhz;l ,U mzpfs;> Mz;fspd; xU mzp> flYf;fhd rpwg;G mzpapdupd; ,U mzpfs;> flw;Gypfspd; gilj;Jiwg; gs;sp khzh;tfs;> jkpoPo gilj;Jiwg;gs;sp khzth;fs; MfpNahUf;fhd njhlh;ghly;> ,yj;jpudpay; tFg;GfSf;fhd Fwpg;Gf;fs; Jsrpahy;

rpwg;Gg; gilazpapd; njhiyj; njhlh;Gg; gFjpf;Fg; nghWg;ghf tplg;gl;l Jsrp> jdJ mzpapdiu itj;Jg; gilazpapdUf;Fj; njhlh;ghly; fUtpfisg; gapw;Wtpj;jJld;> mth;fSf;fhd gilag; gapw;rpaspj;jypYk; gq;Nfw;whh;. mNjNeuk; rpwg;G mzpapdUf;fhd

mth;fs; XLk; Ntfj;jpy; vtuhYk; XbtplKbahJ. mjpfhiy 4.30 kzpf;F XLghijf;FtUk; Jsrp 10 fpNyhkPw;wh; J}uj;ij jd;Dila Ntfj;jpy; Xb Kbg;ghh;. ,uz;L> %d;W ehl;fspd; gpd; mtuJ fhy;fs; tPq;Fk;. xU ehs; Xa;ntLg;ghh;. kWehs; XLthh;. mtiu “XL” vd;W vtUk; nrhd;djpy;iy.

Xlhky; mtUk; epd;wjpy;iy. mjdhy;jhd; #hpaf; fjph; - 01 rkh;f;fsj;jpd; fLik ahd ehl;fspYk; rphpg;G Kfj;Jld; flikiar; nra;a mtuhy; Kbe;jJ. tpLjiyg;Gypfs; kfsph; gilazp jd;id 2k; nyg;.khyjp gilazpahf cUkhw;wpf;nfhz;l NghJk; cldpUe;j Jsrp> typfhkj;jpw;fhd rz;il Kbe;J vkJ mzpfs; njd;kuhl;rpf;F te;jifNahL gilazpapd; Nghh;g;gapw;rp Mrphpah;fs; mzpapy; ,izj;Jf; nfhs;sg;gl;lhh;. mjd; gpd; Jsrpf;F Xa;Nt ,Uf;f tpy;iy. #hpaf; fjph; - 02 vjph; eltbf;if> Xahj miyfs; - 01> cz;ik ntw;wp - 01> 02> 03 vjph; eltbf;iffs;> gue;jd; MidapwT CLUtpj; jhf;Fjy; vd ePs;fpwJ mth; gapw;rp nfhLj;J mzpfisf; fskpwf;fpa eltbf;iffs;. $lNt jhDk; Ngha;tpLthh;. td;dpiaj; Jz;lhLk; Kaw;rpapy; xU ghhpa gilefh;T rpwpyq;fh murhy; jahh;g;gLj; jg;gLtij Cfpj;j jiyth; mth;fs; vjph; eltbf;iff;F vkJ mzpfisj; jahh;g;gLj; jpdhh;. neLq;Nfzp> khq;Fsk; gFjpfspy; fhty; cyh Ngha; ,lq;fis gof;fg;gLj;Jk; Ntiyfis vkJ mzpfs; nra;jNghJ JsrpAk; $lNt ele;jhh;. me;Neuk; kzyhw;Wg; gFjpapy; Kd;duq;f epiy fisg; gyg;gLj;jntd nyg;.Nfzy; jl;rhapdpapd; nfhk;gdp Gwg;gl;lJ. ,Jtiu ehSk; gapw;rp toq;fpajpNyNa mjpf fhyj;ijr; nrytpl;l Jsrp> jd;idj; jhf;Fjy; mzpNahL ,izj;JtpLk;gb mlk;gpbj;J> jl;rhapdpapd; nfhk;gdpapd; gpshl;^d;fspy; xd;iwg; nghWg;Ngw;whh;.

tu> Ffghypfh ,uz;lhkplj;jpy; ,Ug;ghh;. ,UtUf;Fkpilapthd ,ilntsp xd;Nwh> ,uz;Nlh Gs;sp fshfj;jhd; ,Uf;Fk;. gbg;gpy; Kjy;ju Nghl;bahsuhf ,Ue;jth;jhd;> Ffghypfhtpd; kpf neUq;fpa ez;gp vd;gJ vy;NyhiuAk; tpag;gila itj;jJ NghyNt> mth; Nghuhlg; NghdJk; gyUf;F tpag;igj; je;jJ. gbg;gpy; Gypahf ,Ue;jth;> tpLjiyg;Gypahf khwpaNghJ ,e;jpa ,uhZtk; vkJ jhafj;ijtpl;L nkJthf tpyfj;njhlq;fp tpl;bUe;jJ. tpLjiyg;Gypfs;; kfsph; gilazpapd; 7MtJ ghriwapy; gilaj;njhlf;fg; gapw;rpia Kbj;Jf;nfhz;L Jsrp ahfpath;> mjd; gpd; fg;GJ} - kz;lhd; Nghd;w ntspahd gFjpfspy; vkJ mzp fSld; ghJfhg;Gg; gzpapy; <Lgl;lhh;. 1990Mk; Mz;bd; ,Wjpg; gFjpapy; tpLjiyg;Gypfs; kfsph; gilazpapd; ,yj;jpudpay; fw;if gapw;rp newpapy; ,izj;Jf; nfhs;sg;gl;lhh;. ,yj;jpudpaNyhL njhiyj;njhlh;Gf; fUtpfisg; gw;wpAk; gbj;Jf;nfhz;Nl Ntiy nra;Ak; ty;yik ngw;wpUe;j me;j mzpapy;> Jsrpapd; mwpTk; jpwikAk; kw;wth;fspy; ,Ue;J mtiu jdpj;J milahsk; fhl;baJ. ntspapy; ,Ue;J tUfpd;w Mrphpah;fs; fw;gpj;Jtpl;Lg;NghFk; tplaq;fis md;wd;Nw jdJ mzpf;F kPsTk; tphpthfj; Jsrp fw;gpg;ghh;. Iak; jphpgw mth;fs;; fw;gjw;F mth; jdJ tpupthd gq;if Mw;wpapUe;jhh;. nray; Kiwfis Mrphpah;fs; xUjlit nrhy;ypf;nfhLj;jNghNj njspthf tpsq;fpf;nfhs;Sk; mth;> Mrphpah;fs;

10

fuhj;Njg; gapw;rpapy; <Lgl;L kz;zpwg; gl;biag; ngw;Wf;nfhz;lhh;.

1993Mk; Mz;L fhyg;gFjpapy; Gjpath;fisf;nfhz;l mzpnahd;W Jsrpf;F toq;fg;gl;L> rpwg;G mzpapdUf;fhd fzpdpg; gphpT Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;L> ,thpd; nghWg;gpy; tplg;gl;lJ. fzpdp fw;ifnewpapy; jhDk; <Lgl;lthNw jdJ gphptpdUf;Fk; fw;gpj;Jf;; nfhz;bUe; jhh; mth;;. Njly; mthpd; ,ay;ghfNt ,Ue;jjhy; fzpdp gw;wpa Mq;fpy E}y;fisj; Njb thrpj;J> mijj; jkpohf;fk; nra;J jdJ gphptpdUf;Fk; thrpf;ff;nfhLg;ghh;. “populer science” vd;w rQ;rpifapy; what’s new vd;w gFjpapy; xt;nthU Kiw xt;nthU Gjpa fz;Lgpbg;Gf;fs; gw;wpa jfty;fs; ntspahFk;. mtw;iwj; jkpohf;fk; nra;J \\etPd fz;Lgpbg;Gf;fspy; rpwe;jit|| vd;w ngahpy; xU E}yhf ntspapl;bUe;jhh;. ,e;j Ntiyjhd; jd;DilaJ vd;w tiuaiw vJTk; Jsrpf;F ,y;iy. mtuJ gphptpdh; f.ngh.j (rh.j) Njhw;Wtjw;nfd fLikahfg; gbj;Jf;nfhz;bUe;j rpy ehl;fspy; mth;fsJ rkaYf;fhd kuf;fwpfs;> khkpr tifawhf;fisr; re;ijapy; thq;fp> ciug;igapy; itj;J kpjptz;bj; jhq;fpapy; itj;Jf; fl;bagb Jsrp kpjptz;bapy; Nghtijr; rhjhuzkhff; fhzyhk;. jkJ Ntiyfisf; fzpdp kag;gLj;jtpise;j vkJ mikg;gpd; rpy gphpTfSf;F> Fwpg;ghfj; jkpoPo epjpj;Jiwapd;> ngz;> Mz;

gpwg;G 30.01.1969

Nk[h; Jsrp (,uhkypq;fk; Ffghypfh)

tPur;rhT 24.06.1997

jpUg;gjp fy;Y}hp tPjp> fhq;Nfrd;Jiw. rk;gtk;:- nghpakLg; gFjpapy; rpwpyq;fh ,uhZtj;Jldhd Neub Nkhjypd;NghJ tPur;rhitj; jOtpf;nfhz;lhh;. jahhpf;fg;gl;L mtuJ mzpapduhy; fw;gpf;fg;gl;bUe;jd.

Nghh;f;fsk; NghFk; mth Jsrpapd; kdjpy; nfhOe;Jtpl;nlhpe;J nfhz;NlapUe;jJ. 1991Mk; Mz;by; MidapwT kPjhd Mfha> fly;> ntspr; rkUf;F miof;fg;glhjth; fspy; JsrpAk; xUth;. ngUk; rkh; xd;Wf;fhd tha;g;ig ,oe;j Jsrpf;F> ,g;NghJ Mty; fl;LkPwpaJ. Jsrpapd; Ntz;LNfhis kWf;f Kbahj nghWg;ghsh; mtiug; Nghh;Kidf;F mDg;gpdhh;. #hpaf; fjph; - 01 vjph; eltbf;ifapy; <Lgl;bUe;j tpLjiyg;Gypfspd; kfsph; gilazp ,tUf;F rkh;f;fs tha;g;igf; nfhLj;jJ. me;j eltbf;if KbAk; tiu fhTk; FOf;fs; rpytw;Wf;Fg; nghWg;ghf epd;W fsj;jpy; fhaKWk; Nghuhspfspd; caph; fhf;Fk; fbdg; gzpiar; nra;jpUe;jhh;. ,uz;L mf;fhf;fSf;Fk; xU mz;zhTf;Fk; nry;yj;jq;ifahf tPl;bNy nkd;ikahf tsh;e;jpUe; jhYk; fbd ciog;gpw;F mth; gpd;dpw;gjpy;iy. rpwg;G mzpapdNuh ,sk; tajpdh;. 10 fpNyhkPw;wh; J}uj;ij

fdT edthd G+hpg;G mtUf;F. khh;gpNy fl;bapUe;j Nkyjpf uitf;$l;L mzpia epj;jphpiuapy;$l fow;wpajpy;iy. ve;NeuKk; RLfyidAk; njhiyj;njhlh;Gf; fUtpiaAk; Rke;jgb vg;NghJk; rz;ilf;Fj; jahuhd epiyapy;jhd; kzyhw;wpNy Jsrpiaf; fhzyhk;. xU ehspy; xd;wpw;F Nkw;gl;l jlitfspy; jdJ gpshl;^dpd; fz;fhzpg;gpw;F cl;gl;l ,lq;fisr; Rw;wpg;ghh;j;J mzpapdUld; fijj;jpUg;ghh;. vijAk; jhd; nra;j gpd;dNu Vidath;fSf;Ff; fl;lisapLtjhy; vy;NyhuhYk; tpUk;gg;gLfpd;w mzp Kjy;tpahf mth; ,Ue;jhh;. jl;rhapdp te;J ghh;j;Jj; jpUj;jk; nra;fpd;w mstpw;F me;jg; gpshl;^dpy; rpwpJjtWk; ,Uf;fhJ. ,th;fs; kzyhw;wpy; epd;wNghNj neLq;Nfzpapy; ,Ue;Jk;> gpd; tTdpahtpypUe;Jkhf rpwpyq;fhg; gilfs; efuj;njhlq;fptpl;bUe;jd.

Gspaq;Fsr; re;jpia ikakhff; nfhz;L gilj;jsk; xd;iw mikj;J> vkJ mzpfs; vjphp efh;it Klf;fpitj;jpUe;jd.

(11Mk; gf;fk; ghh;f;f)

Mtzp - Gul;lhrp> 2007

(10Mk; gf;fj; njhlh;r;rp) jkf;F vg;NghJ miog;GtUk; vd;W MtYldpUe;j jl;rhapdpapd; nfhk;gdpf;F te;jJ miog;G. vjphp efh;itj;jLf;f my;y. CLUtpj; jhf;f. nfhk;gdp jahuhfptpl;lJ. gpshl;^dpd; topelj;Jduhf ,Ue;j Jsrpia ,g;NghJ ehd; jl;rhapdpapd; epiyik mwptpg;ghsuhf khw;wptpl;ljpy; mtUf;Fr; rpwpJk; cld;ghby;iy. fsj;jpy; Neubahf jhd; eltbf;ifapy; <LgLtijNa mth; tpUk;gpdhh;. nfhk;gdp Nkyhsh; xUthpd; epiyik mwptpg;ghsuhfg; gzpahw;wNtz;bajd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij ehd; tpsf;fpa gpd;dNu> miukdNjhL xg;Gf;nfhz;lhh;. vjphpfshy; rpwpjsTk; Cfpf;fKbahj Jzpfuj; jhf;FjyhfNt jhz;bf;Fs ClWg;Gj; jhf;Fjy; jiyth; mth;fshy; jpl;lkplg;gl;bUe;jJ. me;j ntw;wpfuj; jhf;Fjypy; Jsrpapd; gq;F kwf;fKbahjJ. rpy ehl;fspypNyNa mLj;j CLUtpj;jhf;FjYf;F mzpfs; jahuhfpd. ,g;NghJk; jl;rhapdpapd;

epiyik mwptpg;ghsuhfNt JsrpAk; jahuhfpdhh;. nghpakL kPjhd CLUtpj; jhf;Fjypd;NghJ> NjitNaw;gl;lhy; nfhk;gdpia ,uz;lhfg; gphpj;Jr; rz;ilapy; <LgLj;Jk;gb jl;rhapdpaplk; ehd; $wpapUe;Njd;. nfhk;gdp gphptjhf ,Ue;jhy;> cs;EioAk; kw;iwa mzpiaf; fsj;jpNy topelj;Jk; gzpiaj; jd;dplk; jUk;gb jhl;rhapdpaplk; Jsrp clNdNa Nfl;bUe;jhh;. mzpfs; Gwg;gl;ld. nghpakLtpy; ,Ue;j rpwpyq;fhg; gilj;jsk; CLUtpj; jhf;fg;gl;lJ. fsj;jpNy mzpia topelj;Jk; fdNthLNghd Jsrpiaj; Njhopy; Rke;jgb jpUk;gpte;jd mzpfs;. MSik kpf;f> mwpthw;wy; cs;s xU Nghuhspia mjw;Fs;NsNa ,oe;Jtpl;Nlhkh vd;w Ntjid> Jsrpia mwpe;j vy;NyhUf;Fs;Sk; vOe;jJ.

******* fy;Y}hpj; Njhopfs; ‘Nwhrh rhpahd mikjp’ vd;fpwhh;fs;. Ntiyf;Fg; Nghfpd;w mk;kh> mg;gh> ghlrhiy Nghfpd;w mf;fhf;fs;> mz;zh vd Jsrpapd; khztg; gUtk; jdpikapy;

fope;jjhy; me;Neuk; mth; mikjpahf ,Ue;jpUf;fyhk;. Mdhy; rpwg;Gg; gilazpapdUf;Nfh mth; eifr;Rit czh;T kpFe;j ey;y nghWg;ghsh;.

Mapuf;fzf;fhzth;fs; xj;j ,yl;rpaj;NjhL cldpUe;j #oy; mtiu fyfyg;ghf;fptpl;lJ. Nghh;g;gapw;rp Mrphpauhf mth; vq;fNshL ,Ue;j fhyj;jpy; jhd; tajpy; %j;jth; vd;Nwh KJepiy mjpfhhp vd;Nwh NtWghL fhl;lhky; vy;NyhNuhLk; xNu khjphpahfNt goFthh;. gyNuhL mth; ,Uf;Fkplj;jpy; ,isath; ahh;> %j;jth; ahh; vd ghh;g;gth;fshy; milahsk; fhzKbahJ. kpfg;nghpa eifr;Rit xd;iwr; nrhy;yptpl;L mth; mikjpahfptpLthh;.

Nfl;lth;fs;jhd; mlf;fkhl;lhky; rphpj;Jf;nfhz;bUg;ghh;fs;. ghh;g;gth;fs; Jsrp mikjpahdth; vd;W vz;zj;jf;f tifapy; #oy; ,Uf;Fk; neUq;fpath;fSf;F kl;LNk mthpd; ,ay;G GhpAk;.

1994Mk; Mz;bd; fUk;Gypfs; ehs; md;W rpwg;Gg; gilazpapd; xd;W$lypy;> Jsrp vOjp newpahs;if nra;J> fzpdpg; gphptpdh; ebj;j fUj;jhok;nfhz;l r%f ehlfk;

mthpd; fiyahw;wiy vy;NyhUf;Fk; ntspf;fhl;baJ. rpwg;Gg; gilazpapd; xd;W$ly;fspd; NghJ “,k;Kiw fzpdpg;gphpT vd;d fiyepfo;r;rp nfhz;Lte;jpUf;fpd;wJ” vd;W MtYld; vjph;ghh;f;Fk; mstpw;Fj; Jsrpapd; newpaho;ifapy; cUthFfpd;w epfo;r;rpfs; ,Uf;Fk;. xUKiw ehlfk; vd;why; mLj;jKiw njhiyf;fhl;rp epfo;T> ,d;ndhUKiw Ntnwhd;W vd;W GjpJ> Gjpjhf mthpd; epfo;r;rpfs; ,Uf;Fk;. gpshl;^d; xd;Wld; rz;ilf;Fg;Nghd gl;lwptpy;yhkNy> nfhk;gdp cjtpahsuhfr; nraw;glj;jf;f mwpthw;wy; nfhz;l Jsrpiag; gw;wp vq;fSf;F ,Ue;j fw;gidfs; mjpfk;. “Jsrpaf;fh ey;ynjhU nghWg;ghsh;. ,Ue;jpUe;jhy; vt;tsNth nra;jpUg;ghh;” rpwg;Gg; gilazpapdh; kl;Lky;y mtiu mwpe;j vy;NyhUNk ,ijj;jhd; nrhy;fpd;whh;fs;.

Nfzy; ahopdp> rpwg;Gj; jsgjp.

12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567

(09Mk; gf;fj; njhlh;r;rp)

u];ahtpw;F vjpuhf neg;Nghypad; jiyikapyhd gpnuQ;Rg; gilfSk; ,uz;lhk; cyfg; Nghhpd;NghJ `pl;yhpd; ehrpg;gilfSk; ngUk; rkh;fisg; Ghpe;J nkh];Nfh> ];uhypd; fpuhl; Nghd;w ngUk; efuq;fs; tiuf;Fk; Kd;Ndwpd.

Mdhy; ,WjpapNy mfyf;fhy;fs; itj;jjw;fhd jFe;j tpiyapid ,g;gilfs; nrYj;jNtz;bapUe;jNjhL kpfg;nghpa ty;yuRfshf tpsq;fpa ,e;ehLfs; ,Wjpapy; gLNjhy;tpiaAk; re;jpj;jd. ,NjNghd;Wjhd; n[arpf;FW fhyg;gFjpapy; rpq;fsg;gilfs; ghhpa gileltbf;iffis

te;Js;sJ. mj;Jld; jdJ gilgyq;fisAk; gy klq;fhf cah;j;jpAs;sJ. mjhtJ> 1983k; Mz;bw;fhd ghJfhg;Gr; nrytPdk; 1.7(170 Nfhb &gha;)gpy;ypad; &gha;fshFk;. ,J gpd;dh; 2001k; Mz;L 61gpy;ypad; &gha;fs; vd cah;e;jJ. ,e;j tUlk; ghJfhg;Gr; nrytPdj;jpw;fhf kfpe;j uh[gf;r rNfh juh;fs; xJf;fpa njhifahdJ 104gpy;ypad; &gha;fshFk;. mjhtJ ,uz;L jrhg;j fhyj;jpy; ghJfhg;Gr; nrytPdkhdJ 100tPjj;jhy; mjpfhpj;Jtpl;lJ. ,jidtpl NkYk; 60gpy;yp ad; &gha;fs; tpLjiyg;Gypfspd; thd; jhf;Fjy; mr;RWj; jiy vjph;nfhs;tjw;F kfpe;j muR xJf;fg;Nghfpd;wJ. ,t;thW ghJfhg;Gr; nrytPdq;fs; rpwpyq;fh murhy; jhq;fKbahjstpw;F thdshtpw;F mjpfhpj;Jf;nfhz;L nry;fpd;w epiyapy; ntspehl;L ed;nfhilahsh;fs; kw;Wk; epjp toq;Fk; gd;dhl;L epWtdq;fs; kdpj chpik kPwy;fs; kw;Wk; kdpjhgpkhdg; gpur;rpidfs; njhlh;ghd rpwpyq;fh murpd; eltbf;iffspy; mjpUg;jp mile;jjd; fhuzkhf rpwpyq;fhtpw;fhd epjpAjtp toq;Ftij Kw;whf epWj;jpAs;sd my;yJ ghhpastpw;F Fiwj;Js;sd. rpwpyq;fh muNrh mjpfhpj;j tho;f;ifr;nryT> nghUshjhu neUf;fbfs;> gztPf;fk; vjph;f;fl;rpfs; Nghuhl;lk; vd;W midj;J rpf;fy;fisAk; vjph;nfhs;tjw;F NghhpidNa njhpthf itj;jpUf;fpd;wJ. vdNt Jl;lifKDtpd; ike; jh;fs; njhlh;r;rpahf Nghhpid murpay; kw;Wk; Raeyd;fSf; fhf elj;jNtz;bapUf;Fk;. Mdhy; ,jpy; cs;s Mgj;J vd;dntd;why; rpq;fsg;gilfs; msTf;fjpfkhf mfyf; fhy;fs; itj;J gug;gg;gl;L tpl;ld. mj;Jld; xU type;j jhf;Fjy; eltbf;iffis ghhpastpw;F Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F Njitahd gilapdiu fz;Lgpbg;gJ kfpe;j murpw;F jw;NghJ kpfTk; fbdkhd fhhpakhfj;jhd; ,Uf;Fk;. ,e;j epiyapNy vjph;fhyj;jpy; ,yq;ifj;jPtpNy ,lk;ngwtpUf;fpd;w type;j kw;Wk; jw;ghJfhg;Gj; jhf;Fjy;fs; kpfTk; jPh;f;fkhdjhf ,Uf;fg;NghtNjhL n[h;kdpah;fs; u];ahtpy; ghlk; fw;Wf;nfhz;lijg;Nghd;W> mnkhpf;fh;fs; tpal;ehkpy; ghlk; fw;Wf;nfhz;lijg; Nghd;W rpq;fsth;fs; tpiutpy; ghlk; fw;Wf;nfhs;thh;fs; vd;gJ jpz;zk;. ,g;NghJ vkJ jhaf kf;fSk; Gyk;ngah;e;J thOk; vkJ cwTfSk; vkJ Njrpa jiythpd; gpd;dhy; mzpjpuz;L ,e;j Kf;fpa fhyg;gFjpapy; midtUk; jk;khyhd midj;J gzpfisAk; Mw;wNtz;Lk;. ,JNt jkpoPo Njrj;jpw;fhd tpbtpw;F xt;nthU jkpoh;fSk; nra;Ak; cahpa gq;nfLg;ghf mikAk;.

aho; Flhehl;bNy 35000 tiuapyhd gilapdh; epiyepWj;jg;gl;Ls;sdh;. ,g;NghJ Nghhpy; ntw;wpnfhs;tJ vd;why; vd;d vdg; ghh;g;Nghk;. ,w;iwf;F 2500 Mz;LfSf;F Kd;G tho;e;j ‘Nghhpaw;fiy’ vd;w Nfhl;ghl;il cyfpw;F toq;fpa rPd ,uhZt Nkijahd rd; R+ mth;fspd; fUj;Jf;fspd; gbAk;> 19k; Ehw;whz;by; tho;e;j gilj;Jiw %Nyhgha ty;Ydh;fshd fhh;y; nthd; FNsh];tpr; kw;Wk; md;Nuhdp njd; j kpoP o j; j pNy fs nfd;wp Nahkpdp MfpNahh;fspd; Nfhl;ghLfspd;gbAk; xU epiyikfisAk; g+Nfhs mik Nghhpy; ntw;wp ngWtJ vd;gJ gpd;tUkhW Fwpg;gplg;gLfpd;wJ. tplq;fisAk; fUj;jpy; nfhz;L ‘xU Nghhpd; mbg;gil Nehf;fNk vjphpapd; ,uhZt tpLjiyg; G ypfs; je; j pNuhgha tsq;fisAk; mtdJ NghhpLk; Mw;wiyAk; mopg;gjhFk;. uP j pay; rpy gpd; e fh; T eltbf; Nghhpd; ntw;wp vd;gJ ,jdbg;gilapNyNa iffs; Nkw;nfhz;ljid kfpe;j jPh;khdpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.’ muR GypfSf;F vjpuhfg; ghhpa ,uhZt tsq;fs; ntw; w papid <l; b tpl; l jhfg; vd;W ehk; ,q;F Fwpg;gpLtJ gilazpfs;> toq;fy; gug;Giu nra;JtUfpdw ; J. Mdhy; tpepNahfq;fs;> ftrg;gil> cz;ikapy; rpq;fs muR jdJ Ml;bywpfs;> gPuq;fpfs;> kUj;Jt cjtpfs;> flw;gil> murpay; kw;Wk; gjtp eyd;fSf; thd;gyk;> fl;lisg;gPlk;> fhf rpq;fsg; gilfis msTf; Gydha;T (mZMAjq;fs;> fjpfkhd epyg; g puNjrq; f spNy tpz;ntsp Mjpf;fk;) Nghd;wdtw;iwahFk;. gug;Gtjd; %yk; Kw;WKOjhd ,e;j tifapNy mopTg;ghijf;F jdJ gilfis tpLjiyg;Gypfs; jkJ ,l;Lr;nry;fpd;wJ. gilgyq;fSf;F ghhpa Nrjq;fs; vJTk; ,y;yhky; 1995-96 fhyg;gFjpapy; aho; Flhehl;by; ,Ue;J td;dpf;F jkJ Nkw;nfhz;L td;dpg;gpuhe;jpaj;jpd; Nkw;Nf kLg;gpuNjrk;> fl;Lg;ghl;Lj; jsg;gpuhe;jpaj;jpid khw;wpf;nfhz;lhh;fNsh fpof;Nf xl;LRl;lhd;-neLq;Nfzp kw;Wk; V9 ghijtopNa mNjNghd;W jw;NghJk; jkJ gilazpfis Nrjkpy;yhky; khq;Fsk; tiuf;Fk; Kd;NdwpapUe;jd. gpd;dh; vkJ njd;jkpoPoj;jpy; ,Ue;J efh;j;jp tpl;lhh;fs;. vdNt Nghhpay; Njrpaj; jiythpd; kjpEl;gk; kpFe;j Jy;ypakhd gilj;Jiw Nfhl;ghl;L uPjpahf rpwpyq;fh muRk; mjd; CJFoy; je;jpNuhghaj; jhf;Fjy;fs; fhuzkhf rpq;fsg;gilfs; xU Clfq;fSk; nfhz;lhLk; ‘fpof;F gpuhe;jpaj;jpd; gilj;Jiw tUlfhykhf mq;Fyk; mq;Fykhf Kd;Ndwpa gFjpfspy; ntw;wpfs;’ vd;gd cz;ikahd mh;j;jj;jpy; ntw;wpfNs ,Ue;J xUrpy ehl;fSf;Fs;NsNa jhf;fp my;y. mj;Jld; xU jug;gpd; NghhpLk; Mw;wy; tpul;babf;fg;gl;lhh;fs;. mopf;fg;glhjtiu vjphpfspd; gpuNjrq;fisf; rpwpyq;fh murhdJ 1983k; Mz;by; ,Ue;J jdJ ifg;gw;WtijNah my;yJ epiynfhs;tijNah xU NghJk; gilj;Jiwf;fhd epjp xJf;fPl;bid gy klq;fpw;F mjpfhpj;J ntw;wpahfg; Nghhpay; Nfhl;ghLfspd; gb fUJtjpy;iy.

12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567

12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567

(03Mk; gf;fj; njhlh;r;rp) ehd; Nfl;fpd;Nwd; ,jpy; xUtiuahtJ rpiwapy; js;s cq;fshy; KbAkh? 450 gpy;ypad; (45Mapuk; Nfhb) tUkhdk; nfhz;l ehl;by; 150 gpy;ypaDf;F Coy; elf;fpd;wJ. vd;d eltbf;if vLf;fg;gl;lJ?|| ,f; Nfs;tpia mth; Xa;T ngw;w %j;j fhtw;Jiwahsh;fSf;Fk; rUtNjr mikg;nghd;Wk; Vw;ghLnra;j $l;lj;jpy; $bapUe;Njhiu Nehf;fpkl;Lk; vOg;gtpy;iy. rpq;fs kf;fis Nehf;fpa Nfs;tpapJ. rz;Nl iuk;rpd; fl;LiuahsUk; rl;l mikg;nghd;wpd; cjtp newpahsUkhd fp~hyp gpd;Nwh n[ath;jj ; dh kpfj; njspthfNt $wpdhh;. \\rl;lj;jpd; Ml;rp ,e;j ehl;by; Fiye;jjpw;Fk; CoYf;Fk; kpf neUq;fpa njhlh;Gz;L. ,J kdpj chpikj; juhjuk; Ngzg;gLtjpy; ngUk; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.|| ePjpj;Jiw Coy; gw;wp mth; NgRifapy; \\,it ntWkNd gzj;NjhL kl;Lk; njhlh;Ggltpy;iy. gy jPh;g;Gf;fs; rl;lj;jpd; Ml;rpiaf; fzf;fpy; vLf;fhJ ntWkNd murpay; fhuzq;fSf;fhf tsh;ff ; g;gl;bUg;gij ehk; fhzyhk;|| ,it vy;yhk; czh;;j;Jtnjd;d? mbkbapy; jPg;gw;wp vhpaj;njhlq;Ftijay;yth? ,t;thwhf foptpuf;fk; nfhz;l fl;LiufSk>; fbjq;fSk>; jiyaq;fq; fSk; rpq;fsj;jpy; ,g;NghJ ntsptuj;njhlq;Ffpd;wd. cs; Kuz;ghLfshYk; murpay; rjpfshYk; rpq;fsk; nfhjpj;j tz;zNk cs;sJ. tuyhw;wpd; RUf;Fr; rpq;fs Njrj;jpd; fOj;ij NkYk; NkYk; ,Wf;Ffpd;wJ. ,it gw;wp VJk; ftiyg;glhJ. kfpe;jh; jdJ FLk;g Ml;rpiag; Gjpjhf epiyehl;lj; Njh;e; njLj;j fhyk; mfhyk;. \\xU jtwhd Rthpy; rhj;jp itf;fg;gl;Ls;s Vzpapy; VWkth; tpiutpy;; jdJ Kbitf; fhz;ghh;. Vnddpy; tuyhw;wpd; tpjpfisg;

Mtzp - Gul;lhrp> 2007

GhpahJ gFj;jwptw;W> thOk; rkfhyj;NjhL njhlh;gw;W> xU ,WjpNeu rU thjpfhhp Nghy mth; nraw;gLfpd;whh;. tuyhw;wpy; kpf ,f;fl;lhd #oYf;Fs; js;sg;gl;Ls;s N[.tp.gp kpf jukhd Kbnthd;iw vLf;fj; js;sg;gl;Ls;sJ. gpwh;fF ; itj;jnghwpapy; jhNd rpf;fpaJ jtpf;fpd;wJ. kf;fspd; vjph;gi ; gg; Ghpe;J $l;lzp mikj;j uzpy; + kq;fs $l;Nlh fpilj;j tha;gi ; gg; gad;gLj;j KbahJ cs;Kuz;ghLfshy; mwpf;iffis tpl;Nl Ml;rpiaf; ifg;gw;Wk; fdT fhz;fpd;wJ. gpzq;fspy; nkha;f;Fk; ,iyahd;fshf N[.vr;.A+ nkha;j; jplg; gwf;fpd;wJ. rhp jkpoh;fs; jhNd nfhy;yg;gLfpd;whh;fs; ehk; nfhy;Yfpd;Nwhk;jhNd vd rpq;fsth; xUtif kd tpfhuj;jpy; tho;fpd;whh;fs;. vk; kf;fNsh tuyhw;wpd; mj;jid tLf;fisAk; jhq;fp nghOJ tpbAk; vd fhj;jpUf;fpd;whh;fs;. tuyhw;wpd; kpf mw;Gjkhd jUzk; xd;wpw;fhf tpLjiy ,af;fk; fhj;jpUf;fpd;wJ. MfNt ,dp elf;fg;NghtJ vd;dntd;gij mwpa tuyhNw fhj;Jepw;fpd;wJ. \\fhyk; fhykha; ,uj;jf;fiw gbe;j> JUg;gpbj;j ,jaj;ijj; JUtp MuhAq;fs; kQ;rs; mq;fpfSf;Fs;Sk; kopj;j jiyfSf;Fs;Sk; Gyg;glhJ Gijf;fg;gl;Ltpl;l Gj;jhpd; md;G Jyq;Fk;tiu nrJf;Fq;fs; cq;fs; ,jaj;ij nrJf;Fq;sfs;|| vd R.tp.thpfs; nrhd;dijj; jtpu NtW vd;d nrhy;y ,aYk;.

11

kwç\Âz \VÅVï

¨©¼ÃVmD Ö_éV> Øåâù«\Vï ÖÍ> kò¦D Øåò©ØÃöÂþÅm ØkFl_. ¶½ku¤© ¼ÃVzØ\ÐD åD¸Âçïl_ ·«ÂzD »u®Â ïõïçá ka\¤ÂþÅm ¼ïVç¦ ¼ïV>ÃVBVs[ 瑱ïç᩼ÃVé. Öm \ÃVìÝ]Ã[| \V>D ]ÜÃ[ yÂz¹Ý> åVâï^. ÖòÃm kò¦ºï^ ïaÍ> ¸[ªòD í¦ ÃEÝ]òÍ> klu¤[ ØkÂçïB½ÂþÅm ÃVìÝ]òÍ> cÅ¡ï¹[ ØåÞE_. gÅV> mBòD> ¶çðBV> Øåò©A\Vï \BÂï Øk¹ïçá ï¦Ím \VZÄ 瑱ïçáÝ mÅÍm Ö[®D WtìÍm>V[ WuþÅm WéD. A]m|Ýmß ·w_þÅm ¼ÃV«V⦩ AB_. kVÄ_ ]ÅÍmkòD kÄÍ>ÝmÂïVï WéD ØÄaÂï© ØÃF¥D \çwÂïVï åD¸Âç復[ þ¦ÂþÅm kB_. c^¼á c«ºØïVõئ¿kç> ¶¤BV> céïD cÅÂïÝ]_ þ¦©Ã>Vï¡D cçÅWçéÂz© ¼ÃVª>Vï¡D °¼>¼>V ¨_éVD ¨¿]ÂzsÂþÅm. \\¶kìï^ïç> x½Ímsâ¦m|| ¨ª

tpahrd;

ØÃV߼Âþ[Ū Eé åß·©Ã_oï^. k[MÂz^ Î|ºþBm k_éç\|| ¨ª þÝm^ ï^¹[ þ®þ®©¸_ cßE ØïVD¸_ câïVÍm ØïVõ| \\þwâ|Ý>Vâ¦V[|| þ·þ·ÂþÅm.

EºïáÝmÂz x½>öÝm© ÃVì©Ã]_ ĺïöÂz ¨Ý>çª Äͼ>V­D? zÂz®©ÃV[ï¼á! z¤ÝmÂØïV^Óºï^ gwÂï¦_ ¶¦ºþÂþ¦©Ãm ïç«ïçá cç¦Âïs_çé¼BØBª ¶¿k>uï_é ¼ïV½ ¶çéØïVõ| zx¤ ¨¿k>u¼ï. ¼ïVç¦l_ \«ºï^ gç¦ ¶sµ©Ãm ¯Âïçá© ¯Ým Am¼ïVéD ØïV^k>u¼ï. Öº¼ï g®ï^ ku¤©¼ÃVª>Vï ¨kòD ïðÂØï¿] çk©¬Ø«M_ åVçá OºzD Oç«¥\Vï© ØÃVºzD¼ÃVm Àºï^>V[ ØåVÍm ¼ÃVTìï^. ÖÍ> ¶ÂþM åVâïçá ï¦Ím>V[ ¶Í> \çwåVâïçá ¨â¦¼kõ|D. \«ð©Ã|Âçïl_ ]ÜÃ[ ØÄV[ªV¼ª ¶Í> \Âï^ A«âE ïõ]ÅÂï ¼kõ|D. ÎuçÅ© ØÃV¤loòͼ> y Jâ¦k_é ÄÂ] Ãç¦Ý>kìï^ >twì.

E[ªÂïVuçżB ABéVÂþß æÅk_é >[ç\Ãç¦Ý>kìï^ Aoï^. ¸«ÃVï«[ çïlK^á óöB¼\|D >çélK^á TöB¼ïV|D ÃèÍm ¶¤BV> ØÄòÂz >èÍm ¶çðBV> Øåò©A. ¨Ý>çª Ø幡D ·a¡D ï¦Ím... ¨Ý>çª kç>¥D ko¥D ·\Ím... ¨Ý>çª ¶wzD clòD Aç>Ím... #«D ï¦Í> ÃBðD Öm. ïVou ïç᩼ÃÅÂí¦V> ïVétm.

A«âE ¨[ÃmD ¼ÃV«Vâ¦D ¨[ÃmD ¯©Ã¤Ý>_ ¶_é.

A_éVºzw_ kVE©ÃmD ¶_é. ¶m clìØïV|Ým x[¼ª®km sçéØïV|Ým Øku¤ØïV^km. ·âئöÂzD óöBM_ #Eýk]_çé ιØïVõ¼¦Vö_ ¼>V_sï^ Îâ½ÂØïV^kmt_çé. Ö©¼ÃVm ¨[ª å¦Ím sâ¦m cªÂz? ÎuçÅ x½çB ÖwÍ>¡¦[ >çélØé[ª Ø\Vâç¦BV s¿Íms|D? *õ|D xçáÂzD x½ íÍ>çé ¶^¹Â ØïVõ禼B ¼ÃV¦x½¥D. ¯ØkV[® s¿Í>¡¦[ \«Ø\[ª ØÃVâ禥\V m?

¶aÝms|þÅm? *õ|D ¯©¯©Ãm ¶>[ k«D x[ªöKD ¶wïVzD ¶Í> \«D. Ø>[>tÑwD Øk®D \õð_é ¨ºï^ clö_ ¸çðÍ> cÅ¡. ¨D >Vl[ ÎuçÅxçé Ø>[>tÑwD \uÅxçé k¦>tÑwD Ö«õ| xçéï¹KD ÃVéòÍmD ¸^çáï^ åVD. sâ|s¦éV\V Î[çÅ ¶k^>V[ sâ|s|kVáV ï[çÅ? kÍ>m... ¼ÃVk>uØï[® åDA Ø>[>tÑwD sâ|ÂØïV|Âïx½BV> úz. À ïkÄD >öÂzD ïßE>Ý]_ \VséV® \z¦D >öÂzD. À k[Ml_ s_kçáÂzD ¼ÃØ«Vol_ z|D¸\çé ïV| zmïoÂzD. åVBVuçÅ ï¦ÂzD c[ ïVé½ ¶]ìs_ ÄD¯ì >çéWtìÝ]ÂØïV^ÓD. ]ÂØïâ|D ¼ïâzD c[ ĺïåV>Ý]_ ØïVÂïâ½ß¼ÄVçé ØÃVºþØB¿D. ¼>V_s ¶¦ÂzxçÅBVáìïÓÂ¼ï ¶[¤ s|>çé T«ìïÓÂï_é. ¶ßÄxD ¼Ã½ç\¥D cªÂþ_çé.

Eé ØÃV¿mï¹_ s¿km zuÅ\_é s¿Í>ý þ¦©Ãm>V[ zuÅD. ýï¹_ °¤© ÃB詼ÃVD xþ_ï^ >çéïçá xâ|Dkç«. ïVu¤¼é¤Â çïïçá sö©¼ÃVD óöBçªÝ Ø>Vâ|s|Dkç«. Öáç\l[ åV¹_ ¨¿km ¶wz s|>çé kal_ Øku¤¼B ¶wz >VlKD ¨ºï^ >VBïD ¶wz ÄÍ>]ÂïVïß ÄVk¼> ¶wz. Ø>V¦ºþB ka söÍm ØïV^ÓD Eé¼kçá kçáÍm ØïV^ÓD Öç¦Âþç¦ ·òºþ¥D ØïV^ÓD glÐD >á«Âí¦Vm. Øku¤¼B ÖéÂØïªÂ ØïVõ¦V_ s¿kç>lâ|© AéDÃÂí¦Vm sç«s_ ¨¿Íms¦ ¼kõ|D. s|>çé¼B JßØĪ ØïVõ¦V_ >ç¦ïçáÂïõ| ïéºïÂí¦Vm kòkm k«â|Ø\ªÂ ï¦Âï ¼kõ|D. ØåÞE_ s|>çé ïªçé J⽪V_ ¶ßÄ©¼ÃçB ¶½Ým s«â½ªV_ ÖªÝ][ \VªÝç> ¨|ÝmÝ >öÝ>V_ clöçªÂí¦ »>Ý mèÍ>V_ >tÑwD Wïwx½BV> ¶]ÄB\_é ïªs¼é kòD ïVâE¥\_é. ¨ª¼k AÅ©Ã|¼kVD ¼ÃVª ¼ÃòÍm *õ|D kòþÅm ¨Dç\°u¤ß ØÄ_k>uïVï. ï⽪V_ ØïVõç¦ >⽪V_ Ø\Vâç¦ ¨mkVªVKD ¨ºï^ >çéléVïâ|D.