MArch DR Part 3 by vlad_dumitru

R - 2 -

D E S I G N R E A L I Z AT I O N

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- CONTENTS -

- Contents List Introduction

E n v i r o n m e n t a l Va r i a t i o n within the Building

Client Ambitions / Design in Contex.........123

USA to UK Cliamte Data.............................181

Design Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 4

R e a l - t i m e E n v i r o n m e n t a l R e p o r t. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 1

Requirements and Procurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 5

Wind Exposure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 4 Sunlight Exposure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 5

- General Arrangement and Section Overview -

Interior Arboricultural Practices................186 Water - circualtion and use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 9

Plans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 8

H e a a n d P o w e r. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 9 0

Section......................................................138

Sustainable Power Sources.......................190 Thermal Envelope..................................192

- Material Choices -

Airthight Envelope.................................193 Building Certification.............................194

Material Origins. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 2 Material

- Building Management -

Use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 3

Material Qualities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 4 Building Management System...................198

Material Transport. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 5

Building Maintanance.............................199

Building Control and Access, Fire and Disability Strategies Building Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 8 Building Control Compliance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 0 Security Checks .....................................152 Special Risks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 3 N a t i o n a F i r e P r o t e c t i o n A g e n c y. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 4 Building Access.....................................155 Access / Disability / Escape Routes.............156

- Structural Strategy Structural Hierarchy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6 0 Structural Grid. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6 1 Construction Phases...............................162 Structural Phases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6 1 Detail Location. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6 6 Construction Details...............................168

- Environmental Strategy Site Conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 8 Environments within an Environment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 8 Spactial Strategy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 9 Ventilation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 9 Detail Location. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6 6 Construction Details...............................168

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Welcome Y'all

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Client Ambitions - Design in Contex

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- CONTENTS -

Design Overview Midwest Horizons is to emulate key iconic experiences that are to describe the manifestation of the American Dream in order to persuade visitors of the worth of becoming a citizen of United States of America. Withing the Midwest Horizons master plan operates a building where the Status of "American Citizen" can be achieved on the passing of certain trials designed to test ones knowledge of the US Constitution, his/hers understanding of the American Way and patriotism levels. The American Citizenship Cathedral, central built element of the Midwest Horizons on Castle Combe, represents the pinnacle of the American Dream Experience. The building is designed around game-like principles such as "snakes and ladders", that dictate how the journey through the building is experienced. Individuals are expected to hunt for information, to learn about an All-American way of life, to be inspired by American Achievements and prove their worth as citizens. In their attempt to reach the top, prospective "future Americans" will win or lose their right of passage based on their responses. The Cathedral vets individuals through its architecture. There are many points throughout the journey where a persons must prove their American Spirit. These Checkpoints will question how patriotic a person feels after seeing the displayed American Achievements, they will be questioned on the history of a particular state after they passed though the space where the state is emulated and their character will be tested to match the American One: friendly, generous, religious, optimist, warmongering, loud, shallow etc. Based on their results a participant in this experience will either progress or be forced to return to lower level, to learn and retake the test until passage is granted. The Journey ends when access is granted to last level, where the president or a representative names you an American Citizen after swearing in the Pledge of Allegiance to the United States The new Americans will then be handed their US Passport as they pass though the final spaces. where their purpose as future Americans is Displayed. The Building represents a gateway to a foreign culture to the European one, a node point for improved international relationships and an exciting new theme-park, game room inspired entertainment unit.

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- CONTENTS -

Requirements and Procurement The Cathedral of American Citizenship is to be constructed during the VII-th phase of the Master plan, second to last, before the final phase where Public Amenities are consolidated. During this phase all construction works are to be concentrated on the Cathedral under a Construction Management Contract. Its size and importance, the desired high level of quality and time frame targets requires that the project is carefully managed during this period to produce an attractive experience.

US and UK Building Process To achieve a cohesive architectural language and a strong architectural character the construction process employs an all American team of design specialists, contractors and suppliers. American steel and American Timber will be brought and used on site by American Workers All components of the building will bear the sigil: made in the USA.

UK over US Building Regulations The building will follow UK Fire, Health and Safety Regulations etc. and where necessary the building will use UK required constructionist elements i.e: insulation panels, fire proofing, waste disposal etc.

Environment Certification :American over British Standards For the Environmental strategy the Client aims to achieve both LEEAD and WELL Certifications so their imposed standards will be followed rather than the British BREEAM Ones.

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General Arrangement and Section Overview

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- GROUND FLOOR -

Enclosed spaces Transparanted and transloucent glazing

1:500

01 10

130

the

Moon

- GROUND FLOOR -

ld Rush

lif

arm a F

e ss

131

iskey Brewe

- FIRST FLOOR -

Enclosed spaces Transparanted and transloucent glazing

1:500 10

132

- FIRST FLOOR -

king

ace

Shuttle

-u

atio

n Booth

m or

133

izo

ns - New Y o

C y

r Ho

- THIRD FLOOR -

Enclosed spaces Transparanted and transloucent glazing

1:500 10

136

iz or

ons - Mount

- THIRD FLOOR -

01 01

roe

- Journe

ar M

Te s

t Pod

137

d e

m or

atio

n Booth

- FOURTH FLOOR -

01 01

Enclosed spaces Transparanted and transloucent glazing

1:500 10

138

int

- FOURTH FLOOR -

a ti

rri l A

val

pe l S

ech

a ti

139

leg

iance

uctural Stra

id es

ent

Str

Meet

Bridg

ing

e O

- SECTION -

1:500 10

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- SECTION -

Wo r k

Apple

ing

Tre

ng mi Beco

the Wi y in ld

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Material Choices

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- M AT E R I A L O R I G I N S -

onc

ro re t e P ili ng and G

d un

Chelmsford, UK - Cannon Piling -

s Woo d e n Fra m e s

S t e e l S t r u c t u re

South Portland, Maine, USA - Megquier & Jones -

Bandon, Oregon, USA - Oregon Overseas Timber Co. -

F i b e rg l a s s S e t s

East Sussex, UK - Fibreglass UK Ltd. -

Bandon, Oregon East Sussex

South Portland, Maine

Castle Combe Site

Chelmsford

Using Existing Site Facilities Wiltshire Wood Recycling is an Award winning â&#x20AC;&#x153;not for profitâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Company that works in the interest of the Local Community. It saves wood waste from any neighboring source and recycles it as required. The Locals often employ the services of the Company for be-spoke furniture and other timber uses. The factory posses a wide range of tools and equipment facilitating the timber structure works on site providing both the equipment and an experienced working force. This would both alleviate the site work demands and support a local business.

1K m

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W il

t s h ir

e Wood Recyclin

- M AT E R I A L U S E -

- External Consultants -

Fabrics for the Teepees and Flags

Bricks for the Chimneys

Industrial Quantities of Paint

Soil for Indigenous Plant Species

Stone Cladding or Similar Substitutes

Insulated Aluminium Panel System

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- M AT E R I A L Q U A L I T I E S -

Fabrics: Tee Pees and Flags

Brick: Pie Baking Ovens

Paint: Painted Facades and The Farm

Linen Fabric is a breathable material that

Brick is an excellent material with a

Paint will be largely use for its aesthetic

can provide shaded and cool spaces in

rich history, especially in its use for brick

properties, there is a large number of

warm climates. Within the building, linen

ovens. On site there are 7 brick ovens

facade elements that will be painted.

will be used for the iconic tee pees in an

that will be used to bake the iconic

For the farm,however, paint is especially

enclosed space sheltered from rain and

American Apple Pies. Moreover, the

important for its pest, fungi and mosses

winds. The tepees are purely decorative,

thermal energy produced the oven will

prevention

however given the space where they

be recycled and used throughout the

barns are painted with linseed oil mixed

are present is made out of glass, they

building.

with ferrous oxide - rust.

properties.

Traditionally,

can be used as shaded spaces.

American Soil: Plants and Trees

Fibergals: Cladding

Insulated Aluminum Panels:

The Building seeks to accommodate the

Fiberglas when mixed with specific resins

Environmental Control

Introduction of a number of indigenous

becomes a highly malleable material.

American plants, Pine and Apple Trees.

It can be moulded on any surface and

Following the warehouse strategy of

Their survival is guaranteed as they will

shape. It is proposed that fiberglass is to

controlling

be transplanted on solid with identical

be used to recreate specific landscapes

building will encapsulate the majority

properties to the one they originally

by being reinforce by a timber structure.

of space in Insulated Aluminum Panels.

came from.

Furthermore, fiberglass can be especially

This will provide an easily controlled

painted and textured to mimic any

environment that can be changed to

desired material.

suit any desired variables.

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the

interior

climate

the

- M AT E R I A L T R A N S P O R T -

Material transport to Site

HGVs - Transport

USA to UK - Port Avonmouth

The Site benefits from strong transport links: The B4039 Road) to the M4 Highway.

The United States will provide the timber and steel that are to be brought to the UK Territory as boat cargo through the Avonmouth Port. From this point trucks will move the building component to site accessing the M4 Highway for a 45 minute drive.

Heavy Goods Vechicles - HGVs Site complications should be avoided by regulating HGV use. The UK Government refers to vehicles with a gross combination mass of over 12,000 kilograms as Heavy Goods Vehicles (HGV) or Large Goods Vehicles (LGV) category N3. These vehicles must not exceed 40 tons laden weight or 18.75 metres in length, as they would need special approval from local councils to be allowed to use the roads on their route. Even so HGVs that are under the highest acceptable standards still have their access limited to the ERN (Excluded Road Network) or, during restricted hours, to restricted routes. The Lorry Route Approver is mostly used for planning the optimal route. Restricted hours apply as follows: Monday - Friday: 9pm - 7am. Weekends: Saturday 1pm to Monday 7am. Bank holidays: treated as normal weekdays.

Prefabricated Building Components The building process must be carefully detailed and managed to minimise the risk of upsetting the locals. Roads must not be blocked, noise must be reduced, tourist must not have their access to the local attractions restricted and the worker must not crowd the restaurants. The construction process must be optimised to be both quick and organised. To achieve this the building will use prefabricated components as much as possible and the route that connects the site to the M4 will not be used by 2 HGVs at the same time.

B4039 Road 147

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Building Control and Access, Fire and Disability Strategies

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- BUILDING CONTROL -

Building Control US and UK Requirements

US Regulations: The Risk Management Process for Federal Facilities Document

International Building Code and HM Government Building Regulations

Applied throughout the building

In order to appease the Local Council and gain Planning Approval the

Resualted from the signign of the Executive Order 12977 (October 19,

Design Team will follow the England Building Regulations for all building

1995), this doccument applies for all facilities where federal employees

considered except Security.

opperate. The pollieced detailed within the doccument are designed to both prevent and and stop any possible seccurity breach and

The US Client will desire an increased level of safety for visitors and

harmfull intentions.

US Representatives, especially for Presidential Visits. This requires the integration of the International Building Code (IBC), the US Construction

UK Regulations: England Building Regulations

Standards. This will be applied for fire safety considerations for the 4th

Applied throughout the building

floor, the only one accessed by US Representatives. To integrate with UK Goverment and Local Planing Authorities Despite the "International" denomination the IBC is only used on US

Requierments, the Cathdreal of American Citizenship will follow thought

Territory and no where else. All of the 50 states US States, the District of

the Planing, Design and Constrcution Process the Pollicies detailed

Columbia, Northern Marianas Islands,Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands and

withing the UK Buildign Regualtions.

Puerto Rico adopted the IBC with slight adjustments from state to state.

The Risk Management Process for Federal Facilities:An Interagency Security Committee Standard. This document details a series of policies that are to be considered when determining the federal facilities security

Structure

level (FSL). The polices will be integrated in the overall strategy and will account for everything from theft to active shooters,aircraft used as

Policies Regarding Structural Integrity of all Constructions

weapons, ballistic attacks, kidnapping etc . Conclussion

US Safety and Security Policies will be consulted and integrated in the planning process. For all other design and construction considerations

Fire Safety

the UK Building Regulations will dictate the overall strategy.

Fire Prevention, escape routes, material use, structural protection.

US Regulations: International Building Code Applied on the 4th Floor Chapter 7: Fire and Smoke Protection Features

This Chapter provides clear - cut indications on what materials, systems and assemblies are to be included to support structural fire resistance

Site preparation / resistance to contaminates and moisture

and safeguard from fire spreading and smoke accumulation

Management and prevention the exposure to harmful and deteriorating Chapter 9: Fire Protection Systems

substances.

This Chapter provides detailed indication for choosing the appropriate fire fighting and prevention systems. For example: when choosing the

sprinkling system, the document provides criteria such as fire area, occupant load, floor locations, use type etc.

Toxic Substances Management and prevention the exposure to astringent chemicals.

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- BUILDING CONTROL -

Resistance to the passage of sound

Conservation of Fuel and Power

Controlling Acoustic Levels for the comfort of inhabitants and

Energy usage management

neighbouring parties

M Access to and use of Building

Ventilation Internal ventilation, air circulation, toxic fumes management

Standards detailing the minimum allowances for access routes and hazard prevention.

Sanitation, hot water safety / water efficiency

Glazing Safety - Windawned

Water use and exposure to extreme water temperature management

Installation of Glazing elements and hazard prevention. Subsumed in Part K

Drainage and Waste Disposal

Electrical Safety

Ecological and Environment considerations for managing liquid surplus

Electrical cable and plant management for hazard prevention.

and unwanted by-products.

Combustion applieances and fuel storage sysetms

Physical infrastructure for high speed electronic

Fire hazard management from indoor fuel sources and fuel operated

communications networks. (N/A)

appliances.

Protection from fallign, collisoion and impact

Materials and workmanship

Equipment placing, moving elements management , construction

EU and UK Regulations on Construction Products usage and construction

process safety and incident prevention.

process

151

- BUILDING CONTROL COMPLIANCE -

01/02

American Landscapes

UK Building Regulations:

USA Internation Building Code:

Part A - Structure

Chapter 7&9 - Fire and Smoke Prottection

Part B - Fire Safety Part

Site

Features / Fire Prottection Systems preparation

and

resistance

to US Regulations: The Risk Management

contaminates and moisture

Process for Federal Facilities

Part D - Toxic Substances Part F - Ventilation Part G - Sanitation, hot water safety and water efficiency

1:500

Part K - Protection from falling, collision and impact Part M - Access to and use of buildings

Part P - Electrical Safety Reg 7 - Materials and workmanship

State Booths

UK Building Regulations: Part A - Structure

USA Internation Building Code: Features / Fire Prottection Systems

Part E - Resistance to the passage of sound

US Regulations: The Risk Management

Part F - Ventilation

UK Building Regulations: Part A - Structure

Chapter 7&9 - Fire and Smoke Prottection

Part B - Fire Safety

Insulated Aluminium Panel Systems

Part B - Fire Safety Part E - Resistance to the passage of sound Part F - Ventilation

Process for Federal Facilities

Part K - Protection from falling, collision and impact

Part M - Access to and use of buildings

Part P - Electrical Safety

Reg 7 - Materials and workmanship

152

USA Internation Building Code: Chapter 7&9 - Fire and Smoke Prottection Features / Fire Prottection Systems US Regulations: The Risk Management Process for Federal Facilities

- BUILDING CONTROL COMPLIANCE -

Citizenship Test Booths

Main Structure

UK Building Regulations:

USA Internation Building Code:

UK Building Regulations:

USA Internation Building Code:

Part A - Structure

Chapter 7&9 - Fire and Smoke Prottection

Part A - Structure

Chapter 7&9 - Fire and Smoke Prottection

Part B - Fire Safety

Features / Fire Prottection Systems

Part B - Fire Safety

Part E - Resistance to the passage of sound

US Regulations: The Risk Management

Part

Part F - Ventilation

Process for Federal Facilities

contaminates and moisture

Site

Features / Fire Prottection Systems preparation

and

resistance

to US Regulations: The Risk Management

Part K - Protection from falling, collision and impact

Part M - Access to and use of buildings

Part P - Electrical Safety

Part N - Glazing Safety (Withdrawn)

Reg 7 - Materials and workmanship

Part P - Electrical Safety

Process for Federal Facilities

Reg 7 - Materials and workmanship

05 08

Apple Orchard

UK Building Regulations:

USA Internation Building Code:

Part B - Fire Safety Part

Site

UK Building Regulations: Part A - Structure

Chapter 7&9 - Fire and Smoke Prottection preparation

and

resistance

contaminates and moisture Part D - Toxic Substances

Access Ramps

Part B - Fire Safety

to Features / Fire Prottection Systems

Part E - Resistance to the passage of sound

US Regulations: The Risk Management

Part F - Ventilation

Process for Federal Facilities

Part K - Protection from falling, collision and impact

Part M - Access to and use of buildings

Part M - Access to and use of buildings Part P - Electrical Safety Reg 7 - Materials and workmanship

153

USA Internation Building Code: Chapter 7&9 - Fire and Smoke Prottection Features / Fire Prottection Systems US Regulations: The Risk Management Process for Federal Facilities

- SECURITY -

Security Checks during the Construction Process Special consideration must be used to vet the access on site of both personnel and materials. It is required that no ill-intended individual will be part of the construction process and that no explosive or surveillance equipment is smuggled within the building components. During the construction process the entire site will be fenced and the entrance point secured. The Main Contractor and the Project Manager are responsible to implement strict background checks for subcontractors and workers. The Main Contractor will also put in place a check point where personnel is patted down and materials are chemically tested for explosives or toxins and x-ray and signal detection system to search for cameras and recording devices

70 0 m

Site Entry Check - Point TSA Airport Standard Security Protocols

Concealed Explosives

Concealed Recording Devices

Concealed Poisonous Substances

Frisking / Par downs

Chemical Testing

X-rays

154

- SPECIAL RISKS -

Project Character Specific Risks

a se

There are certain issues the Main Contractor and Project Manager might

p ing a ples i

not consider and in turn lead to unfortunate events. These issues are connected with the character of the building and are only applicable in this case.

R01: Plant Diseases

ne d ib

These are the result of specific requirements from the client, the way le

in which the building is used, the tumultuous political climate and considerations resulted from previous issues with similar character.

Risk 01 : To earn their citizenship visitors are to bake pies with apples grown on the American Soil found on site. If trees get diseases apples will have to be imported from the US halting the entire project.

R e

-a

o access e t t

ifferent in d s

R02: Metric / Imperial

R03: Internet Connection

ys t

Risk 02 : Metric / Imperial Confusions. resulted in hundreds of millions of

Risk 03 : The materials used for the quarters of US Reps. are blast proof, this

dollars lost as a Mars Probe missed the landing by hundred of kilometres.

could mean that phone signal might not pass though.WI-FI Connection

Contractors mus work in the same system.

is required for the US Reps. to be in contact with their base.

tiv

urring Co y D n

r of Sp inkler

R04: Media Coverage

R05: Foreign Interference

st r

Sy s

Risk 04 : Specific to the current administration, as the general perception

Risk 05 : Specific to the current administration, foreign political forces

of news outlets is one of negative, bias and misleading information.

might seek to interfere for circumstantial reasons during the planning and construction reasons. Fi

R k

R07: Waving Flag

Seeking Re

y by Cerifi

gle

rve

R06: Bald Eagles

Risk 06 : Within the Master plan there is a Bald Eagle Enclosure. If an

Risk 07 : Flags can be caught in the draft and detach from their poles. As

eagle escape it will probably seek refuge on the tallest point it can find

the main route through the building is an uncovered rap, flags can wrap

with would be 4th floor of Cathedral, where US Representative reside.

around visitors,blinding them, begin a serious falling hazard.

155

- N AT I O N A L F I R E P R O T E C T I O N A G E N C Y -

US Fire Prevention and Protection - National Fire Protection Agency: NFPA -

e c

ti on Certified by P

In addition to chapter 7 and 9 of the American Building Code the National Fire Protection Agency puts forward over 300 consensus codes and standards aimed at minimizing fire hazards. Different Codes / Standards are only applicable to certain building

NFPA 1: Fire Code

er s

and Control applies only to Coal Mines. The Cathedral of American

type and in certain case e.g.: NFPA 120 Standard for Fire Prevention el

Citizenship is educational / entertainment / federal facility that follows NFPA 1: This foremost Code details the process of identification, by

the strategy of large storage halls, air plane hangars and suspended

certified personnel, hazardous materials, explosive substances, water

pods. For the particularity of the Cathedral the following specific Code

supplies, fire brigades access, evacuation routes, vegetation fires etc.

/ Standards apply:

fe /

sive fire

guisher pla

pen

tin

NFPA 10: Fire Extinguishers

NFPA 12A: Halon 1301

ce m

et a

NFPA 10: Standards for installing, maintaining and recharging portable

NFPA 12A: Halon 1301 is gaseous flooding agent, leaves no residues

fire extinguisher. Withing the building a 2 pair, water and foam, fire

so none of the build environment is damaged and is perfectly safe for

extinguisher system will be found within a radius of 25 meters.

human contact. The existing supply is limited. Ap

l e

imneys

r of Sp ink

NFPA 13: Sprinkler Systems

NFPA 86: Ovens / Furnaces

ler Sy st

NFPA 13: Details the appropriate use of a sprinkler system. Whiting the

NFPA 86: The improper use of the baking ovens is a significant fire hazard.

Cathedral, sprinklers will be only used in the farm area as there are no

The 86 Code explains how the oven should be operated, what material

electrical fittings / sensitive materials that can be damaged by water.

should be removed from its vicinity and what fuels can be used .

lic

an r L

ding Fire Co

Causing F ir

NFPA 90A: HVAC System

NFPA 418: Heliports

NFPA 90A: The building uses over 50 independent HVAC Systems that

NFPA 418: Applies only to roof-level helicopter landing spots. The Code

need to be checked for filter blockages, overheating, gas accumulation,

describes the safe storage of fuels, standards for used materials and the

short circuits etc.

proper marking strategy for landing demarcation

156

- BUILDING ACCES -

Building Access and Use

Presidential Arrival

The Main Path - Disabled Access

The President arrives on site though a helipad where Marine One can safely and discretely land.

Following Part M Requirements the access strategy proposes a main route that wraps around the buildings perimeter and in specific instances crosses the interior space from one edge to another. A different point on this route there are check-point that either allow passage or demand the visitor turns back based on their progress. This main path is a wheelchair friendly route that moves visitors though all building spaces and is respecting the following sections from part M: 6.15 - a: The Surface is even and firm; 6.15 - c&d: Every 10m, where the path ramps up, a landing is provided and does not exceed 1 in 15 gradient; 6.15 - b: The Ramps flight has a clear width of at least 900mm; 6.15 - d: The Ramps base, landings and top provide landings free from any door oppenings, larger than 1.2mx1.2m; 1.26 - i: The Ramp provides handrails on all sides; 1.37 - h: The Handrail is circular with a diameter of 40mm

Access to the State Booths / Citizenship Testing Pods The spaces link to the main path through secondary access routes

2000m

10000m 10000m

10000m

2000m

10000m 40000m

157

- STRUCTURAL HIERARCHY -

Primary

Secondary

Tertiary

Trusses / Space Frames / Cable Suspension

Timber and Steel Frames

Timber Set Frame

To Create large, load bearing spans

To Create interior flexible structures that can be later cladded as required

To be cladded to represent buildings, landscapes, painted horizons etc.

Structure Strategy Precedents

Primary Structure

Sainsbury Centre

Chippenham Distribution Centre

Biggin Hill Airport

Secondary Structure

Nest We Grow Gallery

Chippenham Distribution Centre

Barriisol Pavilion

Tertiary Structure

House of Dior

Universal Studios

Ghostbusters Filming Sets

162

- STRUCTURAL GRID -

Truss and Space frame: Jacob K. Javits Convention Center

Deck Cable Suspension: Golden Gate Bridge

163

- CONSTRUCTION PHASES -

Phase 1 - Foundations Reinforced concrete Raft and Pile Foundations. The Clay, marble and sands soil composition could result in superficial land mass movements. Considering this aspect, the building covers the base footprint with a 1.5m raft foundation and 300 replacement piles dug 18m deep.

Phase 2 - Primarry Structural Elements 10x vertical towers The primary structure consist of an array of parallel vertical elements that would set up an incipient grid system on which future structural components could be arranged. The towers would manage the compression forced of the secondary and tertiary structural works.

Phase 3 - Roofing and First Fix Elecctrical/Pumming Roof Spaceframe - rainfall mittigation The roof structure will be first installed to provide a comfortable working environment, sheltered from rain. The roof will span according to the grid formed by the towers and will use a temporary drainage system to avoid addition weight from rainfall accumulation.

- CONSTRUCTION PHASES -

Phase 4 - Spaceframe and Truss Structure 3X interior secondary structural components The Secondary structural works are framing the interior spaces, consolidating the floor and ceiling levels. These horizontal spans will be supported by the primary bridge structure and vertical trusses that connect with foundation.

Phase 5 - Tertiary Strcuture / secondfix instalations Service installation 46x booth sub-structures Within the spaces created in phase 4, 46 booths will be created to represent the characteristics of 46 US States. These spaces have independent light, temperature, venting and humidity controls. MEPs will manage the 46 climate variations made possible by the HVAC systems and the overall interior environmental strategy.

Phase 6 - Cladding Insulated and decorated aluminum panel system The overall cladding strategy follows the insulation principles of industrial halls. Insulated panels clip on on a rail system attached to the main Structure. These panels can be decorated and when needed they can be easily removed and replaced.

- S T R U C T U R A L S T R AT E G Y -

Suspension Bridge - Compression

Suspension Bridge - Tension

The Main Structure follows the structural principles of suspension bridges

At the roof level there are 192 nodal point formed by the top space

in principal the Golden Gate Bridge. The Building employs 12 towers

frame trusses that are to be supported by 96 Cables 32 for each "bridge".

arrayed parallel to the South - West and North -East facades. The cables

Each cable splits into 3 additional supports that make contact with the

that connect the towers will then come perpendicular to the truss grid

node point resulting in the fact that each horizontal truss connection is

system and connect to the nodal points.

supported by 3 cable from 3 opposing directions adding to a total of 576 points of support.

A cheaper and faster alternative would have been to employ a cablestayed bridge model rather than the suspension one. However, although

The towers will absorb and support the compression force of its own size

the cable-stayed principles would require only one tower the spans and

and the tension forces produced by the cables and the subsequent

structural integrity are far lower than the suspension strategy.

weight the cables bear.

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- S T R U C T U R A L S T R AT E G Y -

Space Frame - Bending Moment

Vertical Trusses - Compression

Throughout the building there are 7 main flat Space Frame Surfaces are

Vertical trusses are used all around the perimeter of the building to

required to support the weight of 47 Expo Booths, Fiberglas landscapes

support the large spans and stabilised and consolidate the interior

and the variable weight of visitors. Single layered space frames with rigid

spaces. Additional to the cable strategy the vertical trusses will offer

joist connections, compared with traditional steel beam framing systems,

Lateral Stability transferring the bending movement to the ground.

are lighter and better at spreading the load, in an omni-directional manner rather than a linear one. This will support the variable weights

The Trusses are reinforced though a pile and raft system foundation that

that are present in the building.

goes 20m underground and braced a key point though their length with the floor slabs, roof and other vertical trusses spreading the load

The space frames will acts as both roof and ceilings structure and will

accordingly.

be supported by the tension force of the bridge and the imposed compression force of vertical trusses.

Renault Distribution Centre

Hindenburg Hangar

Gao Yang development

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