MArch DR Part 4 by vlad_dumitru

- D E TA I L L O C AT I O N -

168

- D E TA I L L O C AT I O N -

169

- C O N S T R U C T I O N D E TA I L -

01 - Foundation 1:20

Decorative / Insulated Aluminium Cladding System

Clip-On Rail System

1200mmx1200mm Vertical Truss

250mm Steel Beam Frame

Clip-On Rail System

220mm Accoustic Concrete Wall 100mm Rockwool Thermal Barrier 25mm Plywood Sheets

Sill Gasket

DPM Raised Floor System

Screed

Reinforced Concrete Cement Board Stell Joist 150mm Insulation Hard Core and Sand Barrier

Pile Foundation

170

- C O N S T R U C T I O N D E TA I L -

01 - Floor Slab and Wall Connection Point 1:20

Decorative / Insulated Aluminium Cladding System

Clip-On Rail System

1200mmx1200mm Vertical Truss

100mm

Rockwool

Thermal

Barrier Clip-On Rail System

Raised Floor System

Sill Gasket

25mm Plywood Sheets

1200mmx1200mm Horizontal Truss

Curved Insulated Aluminium Panels System

10000mmx10000mm Grid Spaceframe 250mm Steel Beam Frame

Timber Frame

Clip-On Rail System Clip-On Rail System

171

- C O N S T R U C T I O N D E TA I L -

01 - Wall and Roof Connection Point 1:20

Auxiliary Support Cable

Support Cable

Waterproofing Layer

Water Circulation System Spacers 2X Bitumen Layers

Timber Joists

18mm Plywood Sheets

250mm Steel Beam Frame

Clip-On Rail System

1200mmx1200mm Horizontal Truss

200mm Rockwool Thermal Barrier 10000mmx10000mm Grid Spaceframe Corrugated Steel Concrete Slab

150mm Insulation

Decorative Cladding System 1200mmx1200mm Vertical Truss

172

- C O N S T R U C T I O N D E TA I L -

01 - Roof Connection Point 1:20

Support Cable 2X Bitumen Layers

Nodal Point Connection Point

200mm Rockwool Thermal Barrier

Neoprene Movement Joint

Corrugated Steel Concrete Slab

Decorative Cladding System 1200mmx1200mm Horizontal Truss Nodal Point Connection Point 250mm Steel Beam Frame

Clip-On System

173

- C O N S T R U C T I O N D E TA I L -

01 - Helicopter Landing Spot 1:20

425mm Concrete Slab

10000mmx10000mm Grid Spaceframe

1000mmx1000mm Grid Spaceframe 1000mm Steel Beams

1200mmx1200mm Horizontal Truss

174

- C O N S T R U C T I O N D E TA I L -

01 - State Booth 1:20

AHU / Climate Cntrol

25mm Plywood Sheets

Decorative Aluminium Cladding System

Clip-On System Insulated Aluminium Panels System

18mm Plywood Sheets

Clip-On System 250mm Steel Beam Frame

Raised Floor System 100mm Rockwool Thermal Barrier Corrugated Steel Concrete Slab

250mm Steel Beam Frame

10000mmx10000mm Grid Spaceframe 1200mmx1200mm Horizontal

1:20

175

Truss

- C O N S T R U C T I O N D E TA I L 01 - Citizenship Testing Booth 1:20

Cable Support

Clip-On System

Plug-in Steel JoinerySystem

Spacers

100mm Timber Joist

100mm Rockwool Thermal Barrier 18mm Plywood Sheets

300mm Steel Beam Frame

Plug-in Steel Joining element

Aluminium Cladding Panels

175mm Steel Beam Frame

Clip-On System

176

- C O N S T R U C T I O N D E TA I L 01 - Ramp 1:20

Aluminium Cladding Panels

18mm Plywood Sheets

40mm Handrail

100mm Rockwool Thermal Barrier

Timber Frame

Corrugated Steel Concrete Slab

Aluminium Cladding

100mm Steel Beam Frame

Plug-in Steel Joining element

Aluminium Cladding Panels

175mm Steel Beam Frame

18mm Plywood Sheets

01 - Citizenship Testing Booth Connection Bridge

Timber Frame

40mm Handrail

Aluminium Cladding

Modular Steel Frame

175mm Steel Beam Frame

Aluminium Cladding Panels

177

178

Enviromental Strategy

179

- BUILDING PERFORMANCE -

Site Conditions

Environments within an Environment

As discussed before the site present a climate that is described by

In general the entire building seeks to main a constant temperature of

medium to low temperatures, cloudy skies with rare spikes in the low or

19 to 22 Â°C and a humidity level of 40 to 50%. Withing this base interior

high extremes.

climate a series of 50 booth will be installed that are to respectively mimic the environmental conditions of the 50 American States.

Significant rainfall quantities are to be expected, factor that is used in supporting the proper development of agricultural practices withing the

This will be made possible by employing an extensive HVAC System

building.

that is to permanently adjust the level withing the booth to match the condition of the state it represents.

Windy conditions are frequent and are to be used by the master plan to generate electrical power and support the building.

Cool Air Sinking

Warm Air Rising

180

Sunlight Passage

- BUILDING PERFORMANCE -

Spactial Strategy

Ventilation

The building uses a mix of artificially and naturally light spaces that

The sun, the greenhouse features and the use of electrical equipment

respond differently to the sites environmental conditions. These spaces

will generate large levels of thermal energy. The building bound to

act independent from each other and are characterised by varying

overheat even in winter time.

temperature, humidly, wind and light values. Ventilation Strategies are put in place to control the build environment. Natural ventilation will used as much as the concept allows it, however there are spaces that are designed to be limited from outdoor interference. These spaces will be mechanically ventilated so that the air is continually circulated and replaced.

Greenhouse features

Enclosed spaces

Agricultural Practices

181

Environmental Variation within the Building

182

- C L I M AT E I M I TAT I O N -

Real-time Environmental Report and building response USA to UK Climate Data The 50 states are to be represented within specific spaces in the building. These spaces will serve as information points that visitors can access, learn and use the information found to pass the citizenship test. The state booths will also control the lighting, temperature, winds speeds and humidly to mimic the real time weather situation of their respective state. For example: • the weather on Castle Combe at 12:00 could be the one of a rainy, cloudy afternoon but inside the Texas Booth a visitor could experience a 07:00 southern warm sunrise;

USA to UK Cliamte Data

• Two booths could in different time zone, i.e: Los Angeles California The State Booths within the Citizenship Cathedral will responds to the

and New York, New York: At 12:00, on site on a overcast afternoon,

real-time feedback from sensors placed in all of the US States.

the California Booth would be in the dark at 05:00 while the New York Booth could be foggy morning at 08:00;

1K m

Larger States to use a separate sensor gird to provide a climate averages.

California 24°C 65.5% hum

California, 14:00

Castle Combe, UK 21:00

Octomber, 24°C, 65.5% hum

Octomber, 12°C, 72.3% hum

183

- S T A T E C L I M A T E VA R I A T I O N -

Utah

Montana

21째C 73.9% hum

Glacier National Park

7째C

Grand Teton National Park

Glacier National Park

Arizona

Grand Teton National Park

Alaska

32째C 79.4% hum

Grand Canyon

80.4% hum

0째C

Monument Valley

Glennallen 184

81.5% hum

Skagway

- S T A T E C L I M A T E VA R I A T I O N -

Michigan 8째C

Lost Lake, Ludington

Lousiana

74.7% hum

19째C 75.7% hum

Agawa Canyon

Avery Island

Colorado 8째C

Silverthorne

McIntosh Red

Kansas

79.7% hum

12째C 79.4% hum

Crested Butte

Tornado Alley 185

Tallgrass Prairie

- INTERIOR ARBORICULTURAL PRACTICES -

Greenhouse Startegy The building employs for over 50% of its facade surface a glazing system that is to create a Greenhouse effect within the building to support arboricultural practices. This effect needs to optimized in such a manner that it still provides comfortable temperatures and humidity levels for the visitors whilst promoting fruit growth.

Solar Radiation General Composition: 01 - 40% at Long wavelengths of Infrared (IR). 02 - 10% Short wavelengths of Ultraviolet 01 - 50% Visible wavelengths Horticultural LED Lights Warm Air Cool Air Roof Air Opening and Solar Radiation Interaction o e

rc l Heat S ou

wli

g h

LED -l

188

ona

ED gro ral L

ural gro w

Additional Heath Sources

ti di

ult

o h

Air Circulation in Mechanically Controlled Climate

- INTERIOR ARBORICULTURAL PRACTICES -

How Solar Radiation Interacts with Glass Enclosures Long-Wavelength Light is reflected by the glass while Visible and ShortWavelength Light pass though it. Visible Light is reflected by the surfaces inside the enclosure and it passes though the glass escaping the greenhouse. Short-Wavelengths are absorbed by surfaces within the space and re-emitted as Long-Wavelengths that are trapped withing the Glass Enclosure as its continuously reflected by the glass. The Glass, ground and all surfaces within the space absorb the short and long wavelengths and warm-up in the process. Within the Glass Enclosure, the air closest to ground heats up and rises as it is replaced by cooler air. This results in a continuous circle (convection) that, if left uncontrolled, warms the interior space to unbearable temperatures. Mechanical and Natural Ventilation System and Solar Radiation

To combat the continuous air re-circulation a mechanical and natural

Venting System will be used.

re Co o

The Mechanical System is used in spaces where natural means can not

Air Openin

evacuation of warm air.

m allowing

an automatic system that will regulate the inflow of cool air and the

ste

and closed by

At Ground and Roof Level louvers will be opened

l In

Additional Heath Source

of cold and warm air.

be used and will use the same principles of controlling the infill and ex fill

Louvre System allowing Cool Air In and solar radiation interaction.

189

- TREE INTRODUCTION -

Indigenous American Trees The proposal seeks to provide, thought the ground level, the optimal conditions to support the existence of American Tree Species. Apple Orchard As part of the journey through the building, visitors are required to prepare and bake a traditional American Apple Pie. Visitors are to tend to the orchard and pick the fruits by themselves. Pine Trees The pines are to purify the air and as a mean of offering a higher degree of soil stability though their roots.

Rain water collected from the roof level and fed to the trees.

Recirculated water fed through the soil and a sprinkler system. 190

McIntosh Red

Red Pine

Virginia Pine

Pitch Pine

- WAT E R C I R C U L AT I O N -

Grey / Rain water - circualtion and use Although the trees are withing a cover space rain water will reach them though a pipe system that would move liquid from roof to ground floor. The water used within the buildings facilities ( sinks, kitchen appliances, washing machines, showers etc.) will also be recirculated and fed to the root system of the trees

Masterplan Impact All the rain / Grey water used and accumulated on site will be properly employed. None of the collected water will be fed into the neighboring North West By Brook river avoiding any river bank erosion and subsequent flooding . If the collected water quantity becomes too large, there are numerous SUDs (sustainable drainage systems) present on site.

Ceiling Sprinker System

Garfield Park Conservatory

Horticultural LED grow-lights

Apple Store, San Francisco

Mega Foodwalk

Rain Water accumulated at roof level reachin the soil withing the building 191

- H E AT A N D P O W E R -

On site Power Sources Self-Sustaianble Sources The Master Plan employs a number of eolian farming units that are to harvest the relatively strong wind intensity to generate power and cover a portion of the electrical demands for the Cathedral and other constructions within the Master plan. Furthermore, the majority of roof area withing the master plan will be covered with solar panels. Traditional Sources The Existing underground power cables that were installed during

70 0 m Extended existing electrical infrastructure

the construction of the solar plant are to be used to cover the Power demands.

Placement of eolian units

Ground-coupled heat exchanger

Main Electrical Framework

192

Solar Farming Equipment

- H E AT A N D P O W E R -

Heating and Cooling strategy

Solar Pannels

Wood fire ovens

Over 50% (14100 sqm) of the roof surface can be used to install solar farming equipment. A portion from the old solar farm could be reused and continue producing sustainable energy for the building.

The 7 pie baking ovens will use the generated thermal output to heat and distribute fluid into the main heating insulation.

The infrastructure to make this possible already exist on site and it would alleviate the change of use process.

Ground coupled Heat Exchanger An indoor heat pumping plant unit circulates temperature-sensitive fluid though an underground pipe loop system. The underground level maintains a constant of 10 to 15Â°C so its possible that during summer the system caries the heat outside and draws it inside during winter.

Renault Distribution Centre

Hindenburg Hangar

Gao Yang development

Water Heating System

Wood Fire Ovens

193

- THERMAL ENVELOPE -

Thermal Envelope

U-Values

For the Cathedral of Citizenship

A Materials U-Value is described as the amount of heat lost thought a

Over 50% of the perimeter walls area is employing an insulated panel

certain thickness of the given material. U-Values Units are calculated

system that guarantees low U-values for walls and roofs, well withing the

as Watts per metre squared Kelvin - W/m2K. Low U-Values materials are

UK Recommendations.

desired as the heath lost is lower than higher U-Values materials There are large areas of the building covered in glass panels. Triple When Materials are used together to create walls, roofs and windows

insulated 44mm glazing with krypton filling provides a u-value of 0.5 W/

the resulted U-Value of the construction must fit within the regulation

m2k.

provided by the UK Government. For exterior walls the U-Value must not go higher than 0.3 W/m2k, for roofs: 0.15 W/m2k and for windows: 1.6 W/m2k.

0.3 W/m2k

Insulated Planing System

0.15 W/m2k

1.6 W/m2k

Insulated Planing System

194

0.3 W/m2k

Glass Wall Frame

- AIRTIGHTNESS ENVELOPE -

Airtightness Envelope

Airthitness Envelope - Benefits When combined with an efficient ventilation system an airtight building

Within the Cathedral a series of specific climates in specific spaces must

results in:

be created with the use of mechanical ventilation. This can only happen if the interior environment can be managed in minute detail by the

• Cost cuts as there is less heat loss and cold infilatrions;

ventilation system. Interference from outside meteorological conditions

• The ventilation system performs better when there are less variables

imposes a larger energy consumption to responds to additional factors.

from the outside environment sipping in;

An airtight space, protects from external factors resulting in a more

• Thermal Confront, when every climate aspect can be controlled

efficient system.

within the building; • Reduced mold and rot risks from moisture trapped within cavities

A Buildings airthitness ca be tested, following BS EN 13829, by doing the "blower door test". Thermographic equipment is use to identify air leaks when air is blown into the building though the main entrance. The maximum air loos, as per L1A, can not exceed 10 m3/hr/m2, the recommended value being:3 m3/hr/m2 of air loss ar a presure of 50 PA

Airtight Envelope

Interior HVAC System

Controlled Natural Ventilation Points

Controlled Mechanical Ventilation Points

Roof AC Systems

195

Chimney Draft

Mechanical Louvre System

- B U I L D I N G C E R T I F I C AT I O N -

LEED AND WELL

WELL Building Standard

The American Organization: Green Building Certification provide

The Midwest Horizons Master plan is selling an American Life Style that

rating systems that describe the efficiency of built environments. These

would improve an individuals health and well being. To prove this, the

credentials are offered to buildings that are promoting Sustainability

Citizenship Cathedral will take the American WELL Exam that measures

and well being.

and certifies how the build environment provides clean and sustainable air, water, and nourishment and how it promotes comfort. fitness and

The 2 most relevant performance-based systems are WELL and LEED and

mindfulness.

the Cathedral of American Citizenship seeks to achieve certification form Both

The WELL Standards focuses on the impact a building has on the inhabitants rather than the effect it has on the outside environment. The

LEED Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design

Citizenship Cathedral will provide a comfortable environment for visitors and it could receive a high level WELL Certification despite the fact that

The current US Administration is relative unconcerned with current global

it achieves this though significant un-sustainable energy expenditure.

climate conditions but there is a push for efficiency and suitability. The Client would be interested in owning a building that is cost efficient from

The building will provide clean air and drinking water, fresh fruits, plenty

a energy consumption point of view, but would not shy away from using

of natural sunlight, it promotes high level of activity as visitors need

traditional fuels. The building employs both self suitable and traditional

to gather information from all corners of the building, it will promote

energy producing systems which would be only enough for achieving a

comfortable areas and tranquillity place where people can relax. It

"Certified" or "Silver" LEED Level but not a "Gold" or "Platinum" Level.

seeks to achieve a WELL Building Standard V2 Platinum Certification to prove the benefits of the American Way.

Non sustainable energy use

Wood Burning Oven

HVAC Energy Consumption from Fosil Fuel Sources

Smoke/CO2 Emissions

196

Artifical Illumination from Fosil Fuel Sources

- C E R T I F I E D L E E D A D N P L AT I N U M W E L L -

ss rf

ygen So

es to allow

Clean Indoor Air

urc e

un l t

Int

Natural Illumination

M a

ter Rivers

promotes m

Safe, Filtered Water

Support active lifestyle

ov e

nt Se

t in

nd Apple P ie s a s

s within

Comfort

the

Fresh / wholesome foods

Fre

Sustainable Energy and Green Spaces

Ground-coupled heat exchanger

Solar Pannels

Sustaianble Agricultural Practices - Green Spaces

197

Illumination from on-site wind farming

198

Building Management

199

- BUILDING MANAGEMENT -

Building Managemt System

Building Maintenance

The building management system (BMS), or building automation system

Maintenance works need are be done regularity throughout the

(BAS), is a piece of software that monitors and controls the mechanical

building. General cleaning duties would concentrate on the the exterior

and electrical equipment employed by the building. Ventilation, security

cladding and glazing elements. This would be done by professional

systems, lighting, fire system, heating systems, climate control etc. can

high-rise cleaners, hanging from roof level cable systems.

be inspected from just one point as the software display clear data that can be easily read.

Within the building regular arboricultural maintenance must be done for the trees to prevent plant specific disease.

For example, the horticultural LEDs at a specific location are in need of replacement. A notification is sent to the BMS Monitor and the Building

The chimneys should be swept and cleaned regularity to prevent ash

Manager can arrange the replacement.

accumulation and fire hazards.

Camera feed, temperature variables, lighting intensity, access policies can all be monitored and adjusters as needed.

BMS HVAC

Access Control Video Security

Lightning Control

Real-time adaptive climates

Energy Monitoring/Control Electrical Distribution

200

- BUILDING MANAGEMENT -

Hgh-rise cleaners

Tree Disease Prevention

201

Chimney Cleaning

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s t a n d a r d s . Av a i l a b l e :

Fig. 102 : Thermal Envelope

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Fig. 103 : Airthight Envelope

Last

Fig. 104 : Non-sustainable Energy Use Diagram

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Fig. 111 : Sustainable Energy Use Diagram

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Risk Management Process for Federal Facilities

Fig. 112 : Building Management System Diagram

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Entourage Within the illustration based there are 4-5 entourage elements

used

the

drawings.

Elements

shared

with the public domain by Cyber and Space AB.

202

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D E S I G N R E A L I Z AT I O N

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