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- = + @ 9 ! =9+ \ A# 7 # F7= - < Q LM = \ A# LM = =+ * D -A# : \ A# LM = D ; 7 # F- C - = 7 , -A * # =+ ! (# * +-A# =+ ! =+ D , (# -A# =+ ! F D =9+ + :O A# 2 $ - ' 2 ,-! $0 : 5 ? "

@ - =

- D =# "& = + - =: (C . (# D " #- =: (C 7 # * +" + (9 , (# D " #- + = !

- < (9 .

A# Q $ - ' C + ' A !- - C experience A - * # + ! + ' A C D = ' A ; (# + ' A =+ * -

# - <

* =+ - F + D = ' A .

A# 3 C + - C * + , - .

- ! F 9# @ = * * #- = + @ 5 @ 9 & @ +.

A# 6 ( + )!* !, $ = + = "

+ - ; = " + !

# = " + - - 7 ,, -/ ,@ +&: = " + - - H - H " + - . =+ > - = /9 - < - F + A > + * @ / ,& C ,*

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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: , *3 ;<= >?& ,

/ ! - < = " + - =+ -/+ D + - <

= " + ,@ * - &D - < ; 7 # =+ ! = * # = - ! ! * +" + .

A# ] & ? )!+ & ? = " + '+ 7 + = 8 = 8 * F/ " # A -A * . +

@ ? ! -A 7 > 8 + @ ? !

* +" # D ,*

7 > @ +/9 ; / ,/' -&# * +* # =+ ! . @ ? C / "& =9+ D =9+. (# - * + @ ? - &,* +- = 9# : # = ,* - = # =- # = A # = ,* F 7 # - F - < - =9+ - .

- C - D * #- + ! - F/ "& "& 7 # - F D A:!

- F "& A:!

!- = + 1 7 + = # = D =9+; ' 7 + * ( C + 6* 4 , 14 , 4289: !

C 0 = # =A D =9+7 + 7 +* +* # = + " # =' " #A !- =& C =' - =-/ = - + ! . ' * +* # ! ,( F # / "& * # ,( Q F/ "& ,( F/ "&; / "& + - != " #& "& * + - < - =9+- .

C + - * # ,* "

!- + ! C + - D ,* D - F&"

!-/ = - + ! - F &,/ "& + - * # D D - F& =9+ ' # # =9+ ' ; 7 # F/ "&- + # # 7 # , 7 # F D + * -/C " # / "&" + # #

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

31

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1

4 - 8 - 3 8 ( )

0 7 # 4 - 8 ' 9 -

+ * . =+ !- = + @ ?. (# - K ,* C + D ,* F C U F D " #* + 9#& @ ?7 # F* +" + D

(9 # ; &, D " # - < - =9+ - . - &,- <

'?= - - =9+ - C 7&+ " -=C -=F

=9+ - # = @ ? !.

A# $ ' ' (

%; , " # (# ' -A# "& > 7 # F @ ? . / ,/' -&# + ' - <

9+ ! > , 7 # * + ' - < 9+ !

(9 . ! ' &,- F

+ - F ' - < 9+" - + - = " - + ^ @ = -J/ , @ + > C + (9 =+ * ? '

- < 9+ ! = + D * D &A - C @ + C 9# : LM = D . ! A ( + 8 ! &,> F* # (9 F* # (# ! ! A:!

-/C ' - < 9+ # A - 7 # > ! !

7 , * + + &, ! A:!

= =* ; 7 +(# ! A:!

-/C , ' D D 7 # + C " # D - F& =+ !(9 * +- = + '

- < 9+. Y ' - < 9+Z ! =(: A# + I = @ + C I = - 7 # I = - F + = - +

- = - C =* . = =+ " #- F + = 8 - + / ,- =9+"

F

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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: , *3 ;<= >?& ,

@ 7 + & , & '+ ' = - + = -

* =+ ! ' - < 9+7 !> ; 7 +(# I: ? - + - =

D U @ A - H ->= ' [A - =+ ! * +" + ' - < 9+. &,&D + = 8 F ' - < 9+ !

- C + ' A 7 ,7 * + = - < 9+ =+ ! ; &D 5 / * #-( , 7 # - * + D =+ !

F7 # . 7 +(# 7 ,* -/C &, D # " # ' + * 7 # & , = ! # = ! / ! C F * + * # # * # " A# ! + - - = .

D # # D " # ' + * ! D ,@= " # D - F&; + ' - < 9+ !

-/C - -/C - + .

A# C ' ,0' - )!+ ,0' - D ! = # - =& # @ = * - F* +

=9+7 # 7 + = + A= A 7AF C - + ; * +- =& #

=(: - & - & A= A 7AF ' , =, industrious "

# A !

F- = + * +- =& # . (# - < * -/C

A# F- = + - =& # ; " #- '> A C! 8 + - , - , * = - = &,

" &, + ,* - F(9 A -A . 7 + !

- < - * -/ , = " #- * A:! . - C - A - C " +@ - * C D =+ - = + D - + 8 C - = * + * # ! * + / ; J, ! # A= A 7AF - &

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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/

4 - 8 - 3 8 ( )

2 7 # 4 - 8 ' 9 -

- & 7 +7 # F* +" + # . & , * # # = A= A 7AF #

!

+ .

A# \ A# ' # = ! ,6 , )! ,6 ,, - < =9+ = C - < =9+ + =. (# " #- < =9+ + = - != + = F- = + (9 , (# - < =9+= / ( / ( # =+ ! =+ !

F* +(9 - < - C A - # =- C

. J, ! " 9+ / - "

9+ V A - ! &: '+ =" #- < =9+ + = ' - =

=9+ '+ + ,* + 8 " # + = ' . ' 9 8 + U

&,(9 + - C

- < * " + * +* " " : * + D =# "&, * + + " #- ' A A:! , * + + " # - A:! , * + D " # = " + - 7 # 7 +

F * + = " + - ,

@ ?, * + ' - < 9+, A= A 7AF , - != + =. (# A# F =: # = D &A - - + /

LH_ ; ! F- = + . -

A = ,* + 8, -/ ' A A:!

-/ - A:! , = " + - , * + 9#& & / * + 9#& 7 #7 + - = "

!* + 7 #7 +

- = , ' - < 9+-/C - + , 7 # - - = A !- =& - - = , - != = , / ( / ( - C - < =9+; =+ !> .

! F - U A:!

7 # " @ - = " = = " ,&D F" # - + !* #; * //

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

34

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: , *3 ;<= >?& ,

- + !" #* #" 7 # ,&D , -/C // - F 8 ,&D C -=F -=F "&- < ,&D . " ,&D

!" #

!* # B: - < D * // @ =7 #& . , A - < =9+ C mode of living =+ ! (9 ! - = ! - F >9#" + ! =9+" @ * + C + &,*

// 7 # ; - * & " #- < " ,&D . - C " @ - = " = = -A * + =+ ! -A * +" #" # =+ !; + - ! + LM = # A - !

- & =+ ! - D A:!

- * # 7 # F =9+" @ -A * # @ = 'A = + / -A * + "&" =+ !. (# ' * & ' * 9" # 8 7 # F ,&D * +" #> - + ! " # , =9+ # = - + !. / ,* - A:!

- < A * + 9# + &,- =+ * 7 + F * +* 9 , , : - C # " + # - + * ?

- 9& - + !. - W= !- <

* ! @ 7 # /

# " + # - + * F 9& - + !; 7 # =+ * + C # -A - = F7 # . != =+ A &," #

=+ " #- - H - H * & * +- < >9#- <

* + - <

'?= =+ # -A - = -/ , > - +

!; !- < =+ ! ! .

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

35

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%

4 - 8 - 3 8 ( )

, 7 # 4 - 8 ' 9 -

-. * ) )

! - - C =9+ - = F & ,/9 (: - C /C! ; &, - C - = A 7 A " + -/ : (' A F , D F : F

7 -A# - &, # + &, - C * +;

=" / ,/' I =9+ 6 A# :O * $ +

4 + - $ 4 4 * +6 ' , C * + " + * + ; - 7= - < Q : + 7- * 6 - + - 4 * 4* + - + ' 7 + +

! /0 !! + ( * +* ' ; 7 - + - + - 4 * '* ')!4 + - ' 7 # - F U =9+ + * * $

6 /0 + - 4 '* . A 7 " +-A# = * + 9# + C * + - * - = 9 * # C (C U =9+7 # * -A# * # LM = F(C + ; (# * -A# * # LM = * + F(C + * + ; ! * # Q =+ . * $ +* + -! + - ' ; =+ - *

" #

='+ '+ 7 + * +* # # + * + . - W= ! * +* # ' * # + F =9+ Q 7 +. " '+ : 8 7 + - < Q 7 + F- = * # 6 A# . * +* # # * # + / % * +6 - 4 + + -; (# -A# * # / * + F" #(C + ! " + ! * + , (# * -A# * # , F " + ! F

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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: , *3 ;<= >?& ,

C D * #.

! F + / * +* # ' * # C 7 ,* # + 7 + " + 7 # F- = 7= + (# * -A# * # / * + F" #(C + * + , (# -A# * # / (C + + F =- < - C * .

- < logic =9+

+ = 7= * - < / * +* # # * # C * +* # ' * #- < Q =+ -/C * +" # 7 # .

- - D 7 # ; -/ ,J, ! " I

C A / ,/' -&# &: * # D * +" #7 # ; + * +* # # * # F =+ : , + * +* # ' * # F =+ : . * 7= 9 7 # 7 + + &, C * + F@ = &,-A# * # LM =* . !- = ,- = - =

= &, # U ; 7 #A # " # - C F" #

!* #" - C - = =, = C ,- = C - < .

-. '

! F (: - C * +- = F- = + ' ,, - < ,* + * +" + R = * +" + = F- = + - LM = ' , C LM = , F =9+ 6 A# - C

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

37

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4 - 8 - 3 8 ( )

13 7 # 4 - 8 ' 9 -

; - < - C - C =9+ # C &,- A:!

- = C D - C - < D A:! * + 9#&,- =+ * 7 + / ,/' -&# + * # 6 =+ + :O !- * @. 7 # + &,* # 2 * & / ,/' -&# - - W= !

F =+ -/+ (C + (9 C - " # D - = + 24 , 4 1* 4 , C $ (; (4 C - - <

= * " 9 ! =; 7 , 0 , , 4 , C (; 0 . = * 9" 9 - = 9 =

=9+ + 9 =; 9 C , = C =.

- K - = + 9 - K =- = + =; " #- * = -/C 9 9 ! = C + ,- = A 9 ! = # =, - * - = 9 = - K = ! = # =. - # , (# * # * +A 9 C = ! = * 7 # F" #(C - " # - . / ,/' -&# - < , * =(: =+ ! * +>9 A - F A / , - , - H " # # - * - * & - * ;

!&: - A# 7 + 7 #&, 2 -J/ ,/ ,/ F= - H @ " #* 9 = ! = * # * # 7 # * # * #7 # A# . !- * A. 7 #&, 2 & , V : , V !

V @ A F= * +- ; " #- * = 9" 9 - * - = 9"

= =+ - = . (# -A# * # * "

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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: , *3 ;<= >?& ,

9 "

= "

! &: - &: " #* # O (9 7 , . !- * B. 2 & ,/ ,-( ,>9#- < / 9 9 : - <

/ ,-( , - < >9#-`+ >9#7 + = 9#& @

7 # , 7 # F- < 9+- < , # =, 7 # F7 + , - < / 9 9 C - =

C 7 +- = # =; F =+ -/+ - , =+ -/+ 2 , =+ -/+ . " # # = + = 9" 9 - = 9 "

=; (# -A# * # 7 * A 9 A =7 # &: - . !- * C. ' # = 2 & / ,-( , : B: - < / 9 9 ; =+ / ,-( , : -A - + C + - < >9# 7 J - < >9# 9# - < >9# ,* ! F =+ -/+ =+ -/+ - C =+ -/+ (C - . " # D = 9" 9 - = 9"

= @ = *

* #" 9 "

=7 # &: - .

A - C + * +" + D

" # C! # " # 9 " #* +- C " ; +

# (+ =+ = =9+- 2 - # = 7 +- =+ ! : " 9 # = = " 9 "

= # = - = 9 =; 7 # &: - F + # , (9 7 + D F* + .

!"& D =9+ + &,- < 3 4 ,4 D

, /

$ # E1 * = + + - ( $

* !

/ . $ 6 % $ 3 $ FG , 3 +* $ D

, + $ , / !

outline

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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1$

4 - 8 - 3 8 ( )

1 7 # 4 - 8 ' 9 -

$ * 03 / . 7- - $ 6 + + - - / 6 + + - ! + - /+

3&, !3+ 7 # & / ,/' -&# ; F = + - !* + (&, D " #-A# 7 " + ! * # * +" +/ ,/' -&# > . / ,/' -&# (9 7 + 9- - C * F* # C + - * + 9#/ &,2 (# = D !

" # =(9 # F* #; D /9 F =-J/ , - (C - => D /9 !

F- =" #* +* #. =+ / ,/' -&# + Y + Z ! @ + = !-A F + Y* + ,* Z C Z 9 - + Z ; 7 + D + Y ' Z A / ,/' -&# * +* # = + 9 - + C * + ,* . ' F ' =+ 7 + + * + - + ! ; - 2 & / ,/' -&# + ' 7 # = + * + ,* C 9 - + - # - . ! + &,2 > * # ! / ,/' -&# F (9 7 # . / ,/' -&# * # + " #- - = 9 " + 8 =9+- < /C! ; 7 # ; - + + /9 + * +" +

- <

&& ' A - = * - ' && = - =

* ; ! F - < 9# - C + A:!

, 9# - C + =+ (9 # A:!

@ = - = + - * = * " 9 - C = !D * "

!D , * - =

9 =.

9 =+ !7 # F&,/ (9 # 6 , ! +

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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: , *3 ;<= >?& ,

7 # 2 & / ,/ F =+ -/+ , 7 # 2 & , V , * # = V @ A F =+ -/+ , 7 # 2 & '+ A >9# 7 +- = F =+ -/+ , 7 # 2 & ' >9# 7 +- = F =+ -/+ , A " #- * @ = = * " 9 - = 9 = : 24 , 4 1* 4 , , 0 , , 4 , .

&,- < D 5 = " # 7 + - >9# - " @ &, ,* ='+ = A:! ' , &, D - = C D " #7 +- A:! ' .

- " # + ! - * + > ; 7 +* +* # = + " # C! " # , # " # 7AF " # 9 * +- C " - =- =; 7 + + &, D 5 =" # @ = + &,* + => &,* +(C - => 9A - - C

2 > => F* #.

3 * +" #- @

!A:!

"

+ 8 F # D =+ !.

- A - / -/ = " # /9 @ = A# " + 8 6 A# + @ = 9 D - C , @ = @ 9 D U , @ = -

= D D - A:! ,- = =

=, 7 # F - LM = ' , ! D

- A:!

- < D LM = C D - +

- + - = " @ - = " 9 & = , - <

; F" #

!

-/C &,7= 9. 7 # + - <

- =

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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11

4 - 8 - 3 8 ( )

10 7 # 4 - 8 ' 9 -

" + C - <

- ' > + - ' > + F " #* # @ =* + !

! -/ = 7 + , &,- C + : - <

7 #*A* # C 7 #*A* +* #, (# 7 #*A* # F7 #*A" # @ = I =

!, (# 7 #*A* +* # F D " # F@ =

!.

7 + # D " # ' =9+- * + + " 7 #*A* # C 7 #*A* +* # - = +

" ' A ' ' " &,7 #*A -= = = ? @ A @ !

-

: # =.

* ( < )* $ .

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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1/

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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12

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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1%

!" !# $ . #" &"' *+# *

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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1,

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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1

0 4 5 6 /$

D / - + & ].11 . 7 #

! &,* # + (: . " !

7 # - /9 (: " ? , - <

? A - < * = C ' /# /#

* & !

C ' A C 5 / * + /: ( 7 , D & D @ =9+. - < * = =(: * * #& D &A - + !.

- < * = - < - C (' F- < - C + = 8 - + !

A # = ; F* +- + * , + - < - C & !

D C * #7 + !

A - ; 7 + '?= 9#& 7 +- C - < C ! " (' @ 8, * + "&- C - < "

B: - < - C : B:! . -/ ,J, ! (# - < " =+

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

47

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4 - 8 - 3 8 ( )

03 7 # 4 - 8 ' 9 -

!7 # F- < * - = * + + ,* ; &, 9# : + - <

* * #@ = + = ' ' =+ . !

-/C * /# & - < C U .

- W= !- (C - <

+ - # A U !

C (:

. (# - < A " + D >9# " + >9#-/ -A# " + F &, D -A# "&" D 8 !, (C + - < - C! #

C - < - 7 " &,-A# 9+ . 7 +

*A #

=9+ - W= > &,7 " #- F + *A # =9+ U " ! /' . - W= !- - # = C (: ,. ! /'

!&,- < ' # =A >9# (: C - F 7 # &: &, , I + (: ; =9+ =+ # C - < C .

! & D + O O + ,

7 + (: ; , 7 + /: , : (: . " = C - ' =(: , : (: , 7 +" > A

C '+ "& C - < /: * # - = + . -/ , J, ! * $ * 2 $ - 4 $0 2 $ - , $ -0 - 0 * +* 1 7 , * 6 / , 3. )! * 3 1 71 3 : 3 1 71 . ! $ -$ '

, ( * 1* . !, !3+ ( 3 6 /

,'

!3+ ( ( * 1* . /: D * ? F &D - < C - C - C

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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' 8 ' 3 @

' A , !- < = * . - 97 # * # = , , ! # ! 7 +@ + ' & (: J ' , # 7 + # /: C # ,. ! 7 + = * =I - < /: M '?= = = - <

M '?= - 9# : " * +- F , * +- F - < - C ! # A I C A * =I B: =@ # F- < I

: . 9# & "&= * +-& F- 9# : D : ,* + 7 # F , 7 # F : * (: * + - F C -A# "&* +* #. - +

'?= = !

- F U + 8 -A# "&* +* #* ! !

- = - + / , = / ,& 23 # 23 >+ ,* F - < - C

?; , - < - C - <

& "& ! ! . - = + * =I F- A:!

- < /: , C + * + 9# ,* - =- =. -/ , J, ! &: - C = ! * +* =9+ - C

, 7 +7 # F # - = + - < /: - , ' 7 # D =

! , B: ,* -/ = - + ! . -/ ,J, !

- * +&D - < * 9

9(9 " -A D (C /: =9+ =+ 7 8 , 8 C + 97 # + , -/ , + & "&A -A - < =+ !

7 #

- C B =9+ , (: '

!.

/ - C @ 5 =*A#-&F =+ # =7 - A:!

F D / - C! - - /-&# 59 > HI & - /C! # ,@

- <

- < C -/C - = # - /-&# 59 > HI & " # + =,

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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0$

4 - 8 - 3 8 ( )

0 7 # 4 - 8 ' 9 -

= =9+ , '

!.

F- < /: A -A (# ,& - , - ,* D " #-A =A:! * # F- =(C " + - C " +.

7 # =+ : B: &, # - 9 " # " 7 + A & = + - / * # D ,* - C + ,@=

!

7 # "& = &, 9# : =* - = . =+ - + - C - M , - F - F 8 (9 ,* (9 ,* + = C -&F ,* A:! , -A - C + ( -I? - " ,= * -&F ! * 8 + ,* * / D " #- F =-A# * ! ]1 - -BF =- = F* # = 11 - -BF - = -/ , - C + = - C

-&F C - = 7 ,* * #" + = # -/ , & "& - C . =+ -/+ * + - < - C * + > C * + ,* - =- = * D - < , 8 * , # = .

9 A:! & (: D & "& (9 # C (: 9 A:!

8 & , / ,/' / , / , V 7 , 9# ,- < ' - < ,- < /: ; 7 # F - = + ! - < /: ' # =. - , '/ , // - < ,

//

!

- < - C D & ' A D & # D & ,* * # & - < , , ' # =. (# - < @ 8 - +

=+ & = F- < /: * 7 A @ 8 + C 'A, - F 7 + - <

'?= ,

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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' 8 ' 3 @

# -/C # , - + ! * -A# 9B &, A& - M ' A # ,* * # 7 , .

-/ ,J, !

- (C - - < + F = , . " - < /: & "&* # F- < D

!

-

! " 5 / =+ ! .

A - C " #&D * # ! : + - = + & !

=C ='+ * #- * . C - < * >9# ! &, 9# : , >9# ! &,- F # = - 7 , 9# : +

& - + * -/ = * -A * + &&,- F & : 9 * * * #, &,& =9+-/ = "&-A 9#& . 9#A -A - + * , -A 9#& -/ = * - + * , &,& =9+-/ = 7 + ! .

7 , & " @ F= - < =+ !, 7 # & F- <

=+ !. =+ * -A# "& + & - F A * & -J/ , -J/ ,- -J/ ,- '> =9+" - ! ; B:

- < - F&

: - C

.

- C 9# : ="& - "& ,* !

A:! =9+ 9# : -A 9# : - ! + & D -A , - < A & D -A .

= F " , A = , + F D

+ -A ' - + * & F - + ! ; - C

* & (:

- + &,(: & ' . + & ' !

F * +" + ' -/ , - + - # - + - + ' - + ! . - C - < / "&A - (: ' 7 # - F(C + (: ' 7 # - < & = ' " &, D ' A A

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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01

4 - 8 - 3 8 ( )

00 7 # 4 - 8 ' 9 -

- ; - = ! * - * +* # "&.

7 , , " # = & , &, =- <

A# - - C F* #. C 7 # F* + ,* & . * + =- < + * # C - = 'A C ' A ; D =9+ !. '?= # * # C # 'A, F- =(C - + 9 ' =9+ - C - * # C - / "& ' & !

F* +7 + + &,- <

,* . (# (C + - < - , F- < & -

; * + ,* * +" +- < * C - < * R A C - < 7 # 8 - =- .

'?= - F* + = &,='+ ,* " # - + &D - <

- + ' // - ' A * # F(C + &D - < &, # ,* + * . - C & !

- F* + # &: (C + - < 9 ' -/ ,(C - ,@= - < " + - C ' A * # !

- 7 # F " # ! ' - = ; * + - +

! &, * + ! ' & ,* A * 7 A * + ! ' . ! ' - = + Y& ' /# Z !

C * + # ,* 7 #7 + 'A # =B!D * , - = + & + & ' /# ; * +* # # ,* 7 #7 + - = + 'A. 7 # - C * + # ,*

7 , > - < 9# : & "& - < * + ' A , - =- = * + 'A

: ; ! @ =- C! 7 #7 # >9# ' /# 7 # * +* #7=7 * +* #

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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' 8 ' 3 @

"& + 'A C ' A * +* # # 'A * +* # ,@ C , , 'A C "& =9+ # = 'A =+ / -

: . / ,/' -&# + + Y ( =9+ # = ' Z C =9+ # = 9# : " "& + , - < + , + & - , + & -A , + & ,* ' 8 =+ , - = + Y =9+ # = ' Z - < D 7 9 D * 7 ,- < D 9 ' . >9# =9+ # = ' * # F 7 +/ , / - = - + ! , 7 # F= =9+* # * # # = - ' 7 # , 7 +(C + * + ' A - = F7 # . 7 ,

- < 9 ' - < /: 9 ' . (# - = =+ 5 ? - 8 -/ = # /: F +

7 , C = ' A /: = ' A ,, C ,- < /: ,- < ,. 7 +/ , * + # /: , (# = # /: =9+ F= * +" +/ , . + (: /: C /: 9 ' (: ' 7 # &: * + 9# : + # /: , J, ! &: * +* # ,* - < /: >9 /

='+ - = - C / - = * + ' /#

= ' A .

'2 H71 ' I 71 3 6 , !

=%- *, + 7 1 02 ( = %- , * + 7 1 . )!* 71 - /

)!* .

)! 4 )! 02 ( = %- , * + - 9 )!* - 9 - /

' 02 ( . -/ ,J, ! ' -A# "&" #

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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0/

4 - 8 - 3 8 ( )

02 7 # 4 - 8 ' 9 -

8 + (:

! (: 7 +>9# = * +(: >9# (: 7 # F &D - < . !>9# = * +(: F =9+ = , , F- = = , * . &&,A * #- 8 = !D '# - = F* # - ,* #* "

!D F* # &&, 7/, F - C ,

F - C !

-I? * = =+ .

+ =+ = F C + - C 7/ &,- < /: D A# 2 ! * +(9 " # =+ - C 7/, (9 " # D = =+ C - + - " #- < ' D , , .

- C 7/ D : * +* #" # =+ 7/ : - * # D & 7/

.

F C I: ? - + - = - < * =+ - D D " # ,- , " , + >9# 9#- < 9 & = . - < 9 & = C - < 9 I ?= F - =

, , =9+ 7 # F ,- , # =- C ,

- ; 7 # - = 7 # D = F 7 #" ,- I * =- !

F 7 #" - !.

7 ,- &,- < , C - <

- < ' , ,

! * * * A# * * - =. # , " # - 9#- C / ,/' / , / , V - C > // ,* F - < - C D A 7=#

@ #-( = - + A+ A = A+ + -/ , - ' !; F- =7 7= ,- , .

F * # , A & "&A - C & * + 9#& !

- . * + 9#& 7/

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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' 8 ' 3 @

+ " # D A# 2 * : - * # * >+ * " # D =+ C

, D F- = # , = .

!

=9+ + - = + , C /: !

- <

# D D - "&. D + Y- "&Z = # : 'A C - "&

A#

"& C - < ' A . ' A F-/ , ,* * * * !

- * , * + + ' A * . 7 # -&F *A# = F !

C =9+ & "&, / - * # F- "&. J, !

D " #- "&* #@ = " F- = + , * # ! !

- C + 7 # ; , I [ [.

'2 H * J IJ 6

,' 71 * * 0% + + -. , * & , 7 - 03 ! + 0% 4 * J J + + - ( )!* 0 $0 - # 353 6 7- ( ! 4 , )! ( ! 4 , )! ( !3+

1 * , 7- 2 $ - = 0 $0 - J J + 6 6 . -/ ,J, !

I [ [ !

F D , I [ [ & C I [ [ = , ! F # 7 + > D " #- "&* # - < , 8 * . @ + &&," # I [ [ - < -/ = = - " #- "& ="&* #; D J F" #* +* # F # =+ C .

D ! /' , ' =9+" =+ ' =9+ ' 8 ! + :O

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

55

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0%

4 - 8 - 3 8 ( )

0, 7 # 4 - 8 ' 9 -

2 3 ,40 *

2 6, &4, 0

$ , 4 0 0 &

2 , = 4/,/40 > >

'?= - C - A:!

7 # F /: & 59-A & M * # & I [ [ & # * #I [ [ & -& = I [ [ ,* + 8; - + ! =9+ ! 7 + ! /' / ,/' -&# = A:!

- < =+ .

59-A F =(: 59-A I [ [. O C M * # F = (: M * # I [ [ *

=(: F- <

I [ [.

2 ,6 O C # * # F- < # * #I [ [ , # " # - < =9 = . # * #I [ [ - + * # ,-/ , # * # " + 8 - + # ,- = # ,* F . +

&40 O -& = !

F C D A:!

- <

' D >9#" >9#

: B: - < - / (C F I [ [. 7 #&, , '* # -/ = - + ! F ' * (: ' + I [ [ & , = ! ,* - < - C I [ [ F =9+ " - + !. / ,/' -&# * +* # U - - =- = + * +- < , C * +- < /: ; 7 + U - + * +" + , ' * +" + ,

9 ' * +" + , - ? C * +" + , &, D " #- != - * & ' A * #& , - < -/ = /: 8 * * #

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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' 8 ' 3 @

- ="&* * #, /: =+ 7 #& !

-A# (: = +

-A# * +(: . J, !

+ &: (C - /: = C I [ [ # A:!

- .

I [ [ ! & -/ ,- < - C & "&, + = &, , (# ' - C * "

! + - < =+ ! > =+ !, - C

7 ,- < - C & "& - < D & ,* =+

: L =9+" = I !

8 / " -A# "

!

&, (9 D 7 #

! &, 9# : =+ !

9# : - C - C

! * #& - C

. -/ ,J, ! " - C = @ + C @ +

! # ! - C 7 # F - C + - # ! # * # #

!

I [ [" -A# * +* #&, # C + &' # ; A# !

- < * #& # =- -BF " = @ + - C =+

! # =& "& ! . - C !

C D &A - C

! =9+- / # &, D & "&A

@ + -A# 7 #7 +-/ = - = 7 , D "& + &, 9# : =+ ! * #& ; - < - C 7 , -/ ,J, !

- = + I [ [

F * #. 7 +/ + 8

-A# 8 - C =+ !

* , F* + / . - C - < - C >

: &, = D "&A >9# &,-A# F- =& * I [ [ # = * , * +- C F* +- < * , " * +* # F * +- < * , * + D " #" -&F M = ,* * #.

A:! =9+ ' @ + C * +@ + D I [ [" 7 !, -/ , +

! #

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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0

4 - 8 - 3 8 ( )

/3 7 # 4 - 8 ' 9 -

I [ [A:!

- .

7 #7 +& & : - C ! # !

- C , > &, D "& " # 9# : =+ ! * #& .

! * + 9# @ + - + # =B!D * F= - < * #. -/ ,J, ! > F & - C A ! , =* #

; J, !

- C ( + 8 F & 7 !.

D "& 9 -A " + D "&* # ! * #; - + + A - # * # , 9 " A# - #

! &,&' =, F - < * # ! !

D >9# D "& 9 . (# * + D "& 9 # - C ! # ! - C - C =+ ! , F- + >9# D "& 9 - C

D && F&, ,&D =9+

/ &,7 * #.

I [ [ * # =+ !. 7 +7 # I [ [ =+ !&, ' A - <

- C - - C - 7 + -&F =* +* #; FI [ [ =9+ , I [ [ D - F 8 - + ! * +I [ [/ &, D & ' A C - * #.

- &, # 7= =A D + I [ [ ! - <

- < + " # 8 =+ -

='+ - W= - &,/ =- <

=* # =. (# - " # D 8 !* #7 #7 + (' - + = A

!I [ [ -/ , @ -A# * = - - = + = !I [ [. (

!I [ [ F-/ , =+ ! =9+ =+ + 7 # . " = F- C

(# ('" = 7 # 8

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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' 8 ' 3 @

F ' 7 # - C A F , = !

F= I [ [; -/ ,> D & ! (' 7 , & "&-A# # = .

I [ [&: - <

='+ = ' 7 # , " = = I -/ , / 9& = . 7 +@ = - K A

F- < -/ , - C A ; # = D & - C

7 , D " #- I [ [ 7 # - C !

FA:! =9+ @ + C J # = J, !

F + .

- = - = : + + 7 +

A:!

C + = - "& = ' A #

!

F ,@=

, =+ # = F7 # '# * # , @ - # , * #, &,*

!D C &,* D / * F > * + A @ + C - C - * +* # U - - + ! + * + ,* - =- =; F * A# - F&& A C - < - C & @ +-A C J F7 # 7 +; (# - C 7 # F - "& ="& . - C !D C - C ,* F (# * + - C 7 # F- < - C !D .

- M - - M ! F- C

(# - C F > " & "& 9# : =A:!

; (# * +- C F* + ,* . =9+ D "& 9 D + . >9# - < - - M ! &: - ,7 + =' , D "&7

#

+ - F 8 &, 9# * # =+ * & "&A - F 8 9# * + * # (9 D * @ =& "&A >9#- - M ! , &: > .

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

59

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/$

4 - 8 - 3 8 ( )

/ 7 # 4 - 8 ' 9 -

I [ [ F =9+ =+ ! C I [ [ = =+ : , I [ [7 #& =+ : . I [ [7 #& =(: , > D & ' A * #& . / ,/' / , / , V -A# # =

!- = + ,.

- (C - - < + I [ [ ' ! = 7 ,* + = !

F > 7 + , 7 , # (9 L (9 . D + Y(9 L (9 Z ! * +" +- C - F # =, (# > L > 7 #

='+ 7 # * + ,@=

,* . I [ [ D @ + F # * " # @ +, I [ [ D J F # " # J , : 8 F" # : 8 8 * =+ ! F/ (9*( * * #. + + - 8 +

= )!+

* J ,J

!,% , E1* ' *+ %- /03 - $0+ -, ; * J 0J 1 !,%$ K 3 )! 0% . )!* !, 6 (

- 6 4 &4 ! + (

0 71 .6 = !- < = (' ,@ # # * ,

+ " + F 7 #* " (' + . D = ! -

! -A I: ? 7 +" (' -A &,7 # + 8 # = - C (' + ; @ 5 =*A#-&F F7 # # = =9 = , ,* + 8 F7 # # =- C " #- C C - A:! ; C + !

I [ [ F- 9 ,- ! * . !- < - C (', 7 #

7 +" = I ('.

7 +7 # F + + 7 #7 +- < >9# = = I 7 #

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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' 8 ' 3 @

( = I F= 7 #* +* # 7 # I [ [

== !* +* #; > D " #- ,* A:! " + 8 = 8 =+

! 7 + & ,* - = I " # 7 # + 8 & "& * - < A (' = I * . * + & ," # = I 7 # & "&- =; F =- < A ('* - =. - + + # &,* - : " # -/C 7 # "

!

: F* +* #- " #7 # * - < A !

- = @ # - =.

7 , (' C LM = = I 7 # & * +* # F-/ , +

* +* #" # =+ = I 7 # ; * -> - < A (' # = D &A = I (' ! * - =; ! F =+ : - < > # =- < > * +* #> .

9# - < (' ! D " # * # - C

D " #- -A# "& ,* " + 8 7 8 , 7 # A= = ,* * : .

D C D " # - = !- < @ - < @ - # , C @ ,* * 7A

: B: = + -A * +

.

7 # # = = I * + D - F&, 7 # # = = I ('7 # & "& ! * + D - F&* #-/ , - ' !. = ! - , , * ' & $ / , ( ,)*! ! * J J * ! 4 ,+ + -+ , 6 / ! ,% .

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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/1

4 - 8 - 3 8 ( )

/0 7 # 4 - 8 ' 9 -

> /9 + A# &, = =@ @ ! F - /C &, " #" #- # = + = I @ +"

! F/ - < A * =I @ =* + 9# .

J, !

- &,- F * # + = I - * - = & - C

- C ,* F F= !D = D ,* 7 8 =+ ! =9+ F - C

, (C k ? (C = (C ,* * , A A . A !- & = . = I (' + =-/ = &

- = & - & # - ,* 8 # =- C I [ [ C * =I !

= I &: = - < A * =I * * + 9# . 7 + * +* # = + ! 7 + F = + =9+ - C

-/ , = C - &,&9 & 9 " # = I = @ +"

* - < A * =I * #.

- <

=+ !, (: /: (: ,

- =+ !.

9" # 8.

! - &, /9 (: 7 #& # . , 7 #& - C - + ! * / ,/' -&# + :O ?1 & 2 @, -,& @ , -,& ,A-,& 3 +14 &4,4 0 * 0 &,& 0 , $,$-,- $ , 40. > >B

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

62

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' 8 ' 3 @

+ =9+ + = 8 ! B: 7 + + >9#" (: / ,/' / , / , V - F = && # = , >9# ! * # C + * # /: - ? , * # /: 9 ' . !- < - # - C A , 7 # & ; 7 # = =9+ Q " # - " # : >9#" (: / ,/' / , / , V , 7 # F- F = && =9+ # =

; - < Q . D + Q

! F - C

- = C D ! , '" # " # D =A D /9 * #" # . + Y(: / ,/' / , / , V Z !

F = + # - F = && # = , - W= - &,* - F =+ - F A /9 - C - = - C D : - . Y- F Z C Y 9#Z ! = ! : - F -/ , * #= * #2 * # +

! F- = + 9# + - F !

' 7 # F- D : D - < / speculation reasoning ,* F

F 9# C - F A:! !

: - C

. 7 + !

(9 # - <

'+ =& 8 !

C + 7 * C + !

& - =, ' A - '" #- ' A ' A - <

experience & 8 =9+" "& =+ !- = + - F 7&# 7 . (# - F = && F # - F =+ ! C - F / ,/' / , / , V F # - F =+ !; - W= !- * + - F " ? , =+ ! 7 +- < - C - F -/ ,* #= * #2 - F -/ , : D - '> ; F- =* +* # /: - ? 9 ' ! . + - < - = F C + (# - F / ,/' / ,

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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//

4 - 8 - 3 8 ( )

/2 7 # 4 - 8 ' 9 -

/ , V & F C - F , - F , - < ' A . (# J, ! &,- F / ,/' / , / , V 7 +- C

7 + D /9 7 + - C /9 , * +" + / ,/' / , / , V & , - + - F ' - F / , 5 - F

/ ,/' -&# =+ - <

'?= - * != * +" +- F / ,/' / , / , V . / ,/' -&# + Y- F &: &,- F - - F - C - F Z - F C - F - !

C - F & C # - F

; / - F F C - F = &&

- 7=

* + . >9# (: / ,/' / , / , V >9# - F = &&

!

- < >9# 7= * + - <

8 - = C - <

- C - = . (# - F / ,/' / , / , V & F C - F = && ; - F = && & F C - F / ,/' / , / , V . 7 + D /9 /9 * # ! =+ -/C + " # ! * +* # " # * . (# &," #/9 + - F / ,/' / , / , V -J= 8 F* #.

D + Y- F Z ! = # # * (: D + Y(: Z C Y(C Z C ,* F . - + - (: / , =, (9 # ' &, # /9 + (: Y C (: / , =Z. - W= !- /9 # = D + (C B: / + ; =- < - C (' A:! * . , (C , (: , , " # 8 =9+ = , = 8 ! . (# (: & F C + "&

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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' 8 ' 3 @

- < =+ ! & , 7 ,(: & C "&- C / ,/' - C / , - C / , V & 8 " A , : 9+=

: , =+ * F F 9# : ' A * #" "& & 9#& ' A & 8. (: 7 # + &,* + (: A

!

7 + (# + -A# "&& = - F- = + (: * #- C

(: " , : * #- C

; " #* # C (9 # . + + , + =@ # = ! ! = @ # - * + D & 9" " / ,* HR ! - * +/ / - C D =9+- W= !. / - D =9+- W=

! - D # = - &' 9 - = 9 / ,/' / , / , V - + & + ? 2 @ 3 +&,5

0, @ , 3 +&,5

0, ,A 3 +&,5

0B + - * . " -A# " + F (9 & " # + formula

!, - < =+ ! B: * + " ! /' . " ! /' !

* -L3 / ,/' -&# -/C &, # F , -/C &,7=# F , -/C &,* A / , @ = F . " ' F* # @ #

!7& ,* &

/ ,/' -&# + * # D " # ' !

- F -A# "&"

-A# "&" - C = && - F + ' A * #& , C

* + . " A , !

-A / 9#& " & "& , 9#- C * +=: (C C + C ,* F +

& 'A"&" A , !

- = " ' 7 + /9 & @ #

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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/%

4 - 8 - 3 8 ( )

/, 7 # 4 - 8 ' 9 -

-A &: + 2 ,@ 3 +&,5

0 @ , 3 +&,5

0. > > - C -A 9#& / ,/' -&# & 8 7 # / #

!

F 9#/ , # = &: (: / ,/' / , !- < ,. 7 , - C * # + 7 #/ ,5 ?' V F - < =+ - =

!

F- = - 5 ?' V -A# # = 7 # &: (: / ,/' / , / , V - < ," ' "

# =7 +

. - W= !- - * #A# # , 7 # - - < / + * =+ 7 # A' ; + =+ ! - =

. /9 + = 8 + ,& - , 71 '

0 %!- , 00 ')! %!- , 00 $ $0 - 01 03 0 71 ' . )! %0- 3 3 3 M - ,$00 - 01 0 71 ' . ( )!* 0 2 , /$ -+ - ! ! .

- W= ! - = * + 9# = && = * + 9#& / ,/' / , / , V - F + -A " # + 7 # F + (: / ,/' (: / , (: / , V =9+ =+ B!D 8 B 8 - C

: * + 9# ! # = ! ;

+ =9+ =+ !. - W= !- (:

! 8 = * + 9# = && = * + 9#& / ,/' / , / , V . =@ # -A (:

+ - C -A 9#& = && 7 , 9#& / ,/' / , / , V - F&7 # ; =9+ =+ !. J, ! ' - * 7 #*A

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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' 8 ' 3 @

F 7 # " # - < - C & A:! . /9 + Y(: / ,/' / , / , V Z F" #- < / ,/' / , / , V =9+" "&& 8 7 # F- F = && & =9+" "&& 8, 7 # "& F(: - (: / ,/' / , / , V - .

- &, # & - C

" ? , =+ ! -/ ,J, !

- /9 * # 8 - = + = !

- <

=.

-A &, + > + - + C + ,* 8 F- < - C + * ; 7 + * +" +- C + - < - C !" #- F A# / + &, # 7 #*A. = !- <

= " - C =@ # - <

7 #& .

- -A# F , " # =+ " #- <

=. 7 # + &, = 7 -/ , + - = * + &, 9# - F D " # - <

& 8 - =@ =- F ; F* #> - C

.

- &, 9# & " A# ! + (# * +- F ' A * +- F - ' " # - ' A ' A 7 , 7 + ' A 7 # , C * +-A# "& * +B: B " - C = && 7 # F* +

7 #& * #. -/ ,J, !

- + " A# &," # 9# 9# = && & 8 7 # (: &,- < @ = @ =+ (9 # 7 ,- F A * #. (# * +- +

!

F&,- < / =9+- C = - < /

- = # =, * +" +/ A >9# 9# 7 # F D * =+ (9 # , - < / =9+- C =* C D # =I D # = = =9+- C =* ; I * + , =9+ # =A

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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/

4 - 8 - 3 8 ( )

23 7 # 4 - 8 ' 9 -

& C # =

FB!D B =9+ =+ !.

- C / ,/' / , / , V FA:! =9+ 9# = && : (# 9# = && & F / ,/' / , / , V & ; (# * + 9# = && F / ,/' / , / , V !

- C 8 . / ,/' / , / , V " = ! 9# : " = ! = ! , ! 7 + - < (' ' - + / ,/' 9 - <

/ ,/' -&# * / , 5 "

C / ,* HR F- <

/ , * C 9 # - ># - C ' + " #7 8 - * - =9+ ! F- < / , V * , !- < - C ('* .

# - F (: ' " ' C "

! &: &, : -A# * (: A# " (# : & -A# * (: A# " & &,- C

, C ' - < ' A - C

=9+"

/ ,/' -&# , =9+" / , , C =9+" / , V U ; "

! # ' C ' 7 + ' A . / , =&: = ! : !

- C ' / ,/' -&# - C! A +

! F- < / ,/' -&# D !

' D = * + 9# & ,* , # -A# * (:

A + -A# (: & "&A + ; ! ! . 7 # ! " ' # ! D ( + ,* - + =9+" & "&A + ?

C + ,* - < > 7 + A + ? !

7 , C ' A . ' A !- &,- = + ,

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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' 8 ' 3 @

+ " #- F

8 =+ ! F* #. > &: &, = ' - + !* " - < , ' [, - <

* " + * 7&+ 7&# , 7 ,- < -=F - <

'A !

=9+" "&A + C - < > 7 + A +

!- < / ,/' -&# / , & . / (: / , F =+ - = -/ , ! =9+" / , . / (: / , V F =+ - = -/ , ! " / , V =9+"

"&A / , V B: =9+" - C C =A / , V

: ; - C! " &: - C

@ = - < ' ' A * #. (# (:

!

7 , C (: / , =. (# '

!&: &, - = + (: * #, (: * # A , : F= .

-/ ,J, !

-! $ -' 2 71 !, $ -' 2 7)!.

'2 7)! 9 6 , , ( ! 7* !) !,%+ + -, 7)! - ,

)! )!!3+ 2 ! 6 . " ' F =9+ + - F

C # =, - F C # = FA:! =9+ D + 9# = &&

7 , C # =. D + Y 9#Z ! F C =(: + experience & 8 * +" + + - = - C - . ' A !

- < =+ * & A - # -A# (: - = (: ' A 9#& A ' A ? ,A ' A ,* 8 A ' A 9#A# - F&& - = ' A ' , +

- < ,* . (# (C + * #" / , 5 F = + :O

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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2$

4 - 8 - 3 8 ( )

2 7 # 4 - 8 ' 9 -

A# '

!- < # 9#& + - < =+

! 8 - C - < =+ ! 8 7 # - D =+ * , - &, 9#7 J " # (: , 7 # - &, # 9#- F&7 # # =, * +" +-/ = 7 + + - &, 9# C # 9#; - # 9# - F& 7 # # =.

A# Q , : ')!

- < - ' " # - ' A F - C

# 9# + - < =+ ! 8 & * ' 7 + ' ' .

- C - < =+ ! - &, D =+ * - &, D &

- =. 7 # - F 9# - D & * #, 7 #@ = A , F= . -A '+ =" # D & - F A 7 +- = * + ( F D & * # ! # = , , F= * #, # 9# =+ !. Y 9#Z C =9+" "&& A - - , D =9+ " "&& A - 7 , > =9+" "&& A - # =.

A# & : ' 4 ,/ ' - <

=+ * - #

! =9+" "&A - . ? ,- <

=+ * !- C - < =+ !

7 # - &, # D =+ * ; = + " # U =9+" "&A - - " #7&+ 7&# =9+" "&A - - . 7 # F D 7&+ 7&# =9+" "&A - .

- = + 9# = && A# ; experience " = && + (# - " # D =+ ! ! * +* #, (# " # D + 9# ! * ! * # 9# =+ > -> F* # 9# =+

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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' 8 ' 3 @

9# F* #, * +" + 9# =+ 9# : C feeling ,* D

! .

A# 6 ' ! , 00 ! ' - , F # =9+7 # "

- C! " = & "&, 7 # - - F

, - 9#& +

- < =+ ! 8. 7 # 9# + @ ! ' # D " # , - F 7 # . =+ !&: &,- = + 9# = && ? , $,$-,- $ , 40B O - F = && =9+ # = @ = !

- F =+ !; # - F & =9+& * +" + = * +" +- - ,- - C + + * # = .

-/ ,J, ! (: FA:! =9+ 9# = && C (: = && C # =. (# (: = && F C (: / ,/' / , / , V , -/ ,- < - = . " ' - F

, /: C + (: , /: 7 #& / ,/' -&# + *4 16 3 6 , *4 3 244, ; C +

- < /: - ? ' A * #- != - , - ? , 9 ' , -/ ,* + ,* * + !.

7 , , ! # ! 7 +* =I & (: A & C , !

- < =+ !. " ' / ,/' -&# + ' * # " D &, # "& + :O *4,4 $ *4,4 3 , @ , $

@ , 3 . *4,4 $ *4,4 3 O C - < ,

- < ,. - /9 = 8 + / , (: - < ,- < /: . ! / ,/' 5 ? + *4,4 $ *4,4 3 O - < /: , - < , ,

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

71

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21

4 - 8 - 3 8 ( )

20 7 # 4 - 8 ' 9 -

- < ,. ! = Q =+ -/ , + * #A= = * + @ , $ @ , 3 : + - < /:

- < , C ,- < /: 7 , ,- <

, . ,- < , !

D 7

* +* #; &, /: 9 & = C 7 #&, /: / ,/' -&# F* +* #

# D " # A:!

- D / ,/' -&# " # A:!

- , D / , " # A:!

- , D / , V " # A:!

- , D 9# = && " # A:!

- , -/C - # = - . " # D

=" + + = : A - -/C - @ = - &: &, - < *4,4 $ @ , $ O - < , ,- <

, ; *4,4 3 @ , 3 O - < ,, , - < ,.

F - < ! ' A (: ; 7 ,

!

- < =9+" C * #(:

7 , - < =9+" C - < ' A C - <

//

=9+" .

- /9 ' - =- = + F C > A . ,@= =+ ! + =* # C * # + !

C > A (: , - - = + , " # C - C

# =-A# F + Y C > A Z. - W= !- * + -/ , + - =+ 9 - F 8. C + 7 + =+ 7 # A' , C : & - = =9+- + O 2 @ 3 +&,5

0, @ , 3

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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' 8 ' 3 @

+&,5

0, ,A 3 +&,5

0, , * =9+"

" , =+

!

F- < - C 7 + D /9 8 7 # 8 7 +/ D

=9+ =+ B!D 8 B 8 B: - F # / = , @ -A * # =- C

-/ ,- F 7 +& "&A >9# = * + 9#& .

, 6 ! ,& , . 7- ( ! 3 /$ -+ + - ; !$ - ( , !, ! ,.

2 4 2 4 ' 6 !- 2 )!* E6 2 )!* ,6 2 )!* 6 !,% )!* , 0 1 * 0371 . C (# &, " # + ! + =7 # " # + = F + - * # (: =9+ # 7 # " , " , : 7 # - U ' - - C ,* &, # D ' D . - , I " - C (:

A - - =C = (: A - , =+ ! F + = = + =. (# J, !

7 # F- < - C = =9+ C D =+ + -/# 8 * - + !

- .

A " # * 7 #*A- = ' " # (:

!(: # = & "&& 8 @ =* + # + F* #. 7 +(# &, + # = F" #- < /

: B: D " # - ' > & = !

>9# C " #-A# "&; C + - < =!D "

(: 7 # A - " # 7 + 723 =9+ - , =+ ! F / &,* * # .

7 +(# - F =9+ + = * +(: ' F& 8 D " # # # 7 ," #(: ' &: &,- < /' ? 7 #& - <

I: ?

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

73

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2/

4 - 8 - 3 8 ( )

22 7 # 4 - 8 ' 9 -

7 #& C I * #& , & "

' F- < - '" #- A:! . - # * # &: &, - < - C , + (: (9 # 7 , 9 . * 4)*

/ 1 6* D .

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

74

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2%

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

75

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2,

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

76

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2

0 " # - - !" !# 12 #" &"' *+# " '7 "

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

77

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%3

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

78

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%$

* 8" 9 : ; < *9= = > ? $/ !" 6 /30

/0 2 2 @E 4 F D ' ;& G ,

= = ! ! &,* # + (: 8 : B: D ' 7 + + + &&,- F + - <

- C '+ + * +&D - < - = + D ' ! F C ! " # " .

- = + ! * 6 $ - $ 6 '

2 ' !, , * 2 4 *03 - $0 3 )! - $0 3 . * + - < - '" #-A# "&

* +* # - C =+ + ,- , F-/ ,

:

* : * + &&,-A# "& D /9 A 7 , * #.

J, !

,- , F - < -/ , * " I , + .

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

79

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4 - 8 - 3 8 ( )

% 7 # 4 - 8 ' 9 -

-/ ,J, !

- &,-A# "& D A / ,/' -&# &: &D - < &, # " # " -/ , + / ,/' -&# + ! " # " 7 , D +

D +

F- < = = ! " - C " # "

! .

- C ' A - < - C D + =9+ " - C = && F " - C U && ' F " - C C 8 F

- < - C A ' A " # " ! !

-/ ,J, !

(# - * + / = = & , ! " # " =+ / ,/' -&# 7 # =+ * #= C * +* #- = "

&,-A# "&/ , D A / , . -/ ,J, ! &: - F + &D - < & , # / & (: - C ! =+ ,- = .

7 # + " = = ! 7 # F- < = = (: ! " # " # = ! ! . "

# " &: - <

- = , 7 , # + 8 "

# " &: &, (- , " #" #- < A 9+

C + - <

- = * #.

7 # !" #- F = 7 #& A D + Y - Z " = = ! + C @ " = # "

!

F-/ , &D - < A# ! # 7 +- <

D - = A#

- " # " # = ! ! .

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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# 3 A - ;& 6 *B 6

-/ ,J, !

- < &D - < =+ = >9# I: ? /' I

&, # ! " # " . / -A &, + - '+ + /9 * +&D - < &, # /9

!

F C / -A# "& + - F 8 C =' # = C -=

! * + &&, ! " # " .

- < - C A

7 + * + &&, ! " # " 7 # F/ - C + - F 8 !* + &&, ! " # " . -/ ,J, !

- * + # "& (# = D

!

F* # C + - * + # "&(: - C " &, - F =+ * - "&7 + + - &,-A# "& &D - < ' C , !* # =+ * F7 # .

! F (: A# + D * &, # /9 - < #

# " ?

A# !- C + + ! = &&,-A# "&* # # = - @ =* + # =

F* # + ! !&, # - < Q !

C !

7 , ! " C #

# " # = ! ! . D "

=9+ D : 7 ,- < D

- + quintessence; quinta 7 + # essence 7 + - C! " C , quintessence F7 + , # .

6 7)! 3 6 * '/ !)

6 * ')! 6 2 +9 6 ( N , ! 6 !* ,

6 ( N , ! 6 6 . ! * - + $ 6 2 +9 ( !3+ ! !, 1 * E1 * , essence

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

81

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%1

4 - 8 - 3 8 ( )

%0 7 # 4 - 8 ' 9 -

* - * 3')! - $ E1*

,71 )*! FG ,0

)!FG , . -/ ,J, !

- &, # "& - = + 9 ' # C essence # ! " #(9 # C " #-/ = / . = &, + - =- = + " / ,/' I - !

= essence C = ' ' : B: &, " #2

' # F C

!D *2 7 # # - = + ' ! C ' LM = , 7 #

- = + Y + Z '7 + + C Y // 'Z F - = ; 7 +- = 8 !

- = + + ; -/ ,J, !

- &: ' C ' ' !D ' '*2 7 , ' C ' ( ' 9#) 7 # F ' + C Y ' 'Z : ' C ' ' ! C essence # 7 , essence B: : -A# * - < # " .

-/ ,J, !

9 # = 9 = = + 7 # B: * # + (: # " C +

- < & C - < 9# : + - < 9OA 9 - <

- '" # D D !- < , ,-5 : . +

!

=(: + & 9 + & A 9 C + & 9# : - < 9 A 9 F = + + & -

- .

- C + & - F- < + & ' A 7 + + & B: - < ' A @ = , ! .

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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# 3 A - ;& 6 *B 6

+ & - + ! + - < ' O ' C F- = + element A:!

!

- < (9 # =+ = 7 + +

&&,- F + - < - C - * F* # -/ ,-A 9#& ' 7 +

!D *2 C ' C 8 # (' - + ! / - < - C & 7 ,- C : * +

!

-A F * + 9# : + - < ' / * # = D + - < ' A:!

F &, - * + "&. & '2 )! : $ * 6

,71 * *

!,%0 6 + + -

,71 !3+ + 6 .

- < A 5 =

F =9+& =+ 5 = ; + =9+ : " LM =5 =" (: * +- F C # * +(9 !

F = =9+& # =- C

. - F- =(C - =9+& O =9+& 8 !- < essence

: - C

7 # F- <

' C - < element - < 9 'A ! # =- C

.

-/C -A# "& -& = &,-/ - D =- C !

: + " /' I

!

- C /9 (: - C ' (9 # 7 # +

= /9 + =9+ ' - + !

C 9 ' 9 ' 7 , @ '. % 7 F =(: ' - < (' - < ('- <

- < !

- < # - F * # * # D * # =+ ! - = + 9 '.

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

83

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%/

4 - 8 - 3 8 ( )

%2 7 # 4 - 8 ' 9 -

! % =(: * + 9 + D

!

7 +

F =9+& = + # 9#* # # ="&-/ ,- < - C "&

- . - + ! ! - = + 9 '. ! (:

- = + & @ ' !7 + C . ' ! F =9+& 7 + + - < 7 + ' ! . ' + 7 # C 9 ' 7 , 9 ' !

(# (: -A# @ '- C * 7 # F * * # = C - C + * + . -/ ,J, !

@ ' !&: * +" + 9 ' 7 , 9 '; = + ! &, + 9 F* +* # &, + * + 9 F* +* # -/ , + =9+- C &, + + 9 C * + 9 -/ ,J, ! / ,/' -&# + &: - = + Y '7 + Z C Y '7 + // Z C Y '7 + + Z 7 + C =9+

!

- = + @ ' 7 + '7 + .

7 ,-A# "&* #-( + D + ' ! * (: =+ ! 7 # =+ -A# "& + -/ = - + - = " - C = I (' B: (C +

!D *2 C + &,7= - < '7 # =+ - =

" D - =+ !

F ! !

- <

7 +- C A LM = 9 'O '- = - + ! ; 7 # = - C Q ' C 9 ' @ ' B: + ! = &= * +- = : (: - = &,= * +- =- = - = = * + + =9+ # =.

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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# 3 A - ;& 6 *B 6

-/ ,J, ! * # 2 D = / ,/' -&# + * #

* # ! &, D " #J A:! # C D " # 9# + ,* =+ B: - # 7 + - # D / - - + !

* +- # D ' ,-5 / , =-&# C @ =-J/ , C / ,/' -&# .

D / ,/' -&# 7 # - C 9 ' C @ ' !

F- < - C + = 8 C! 8 - C / - 9#- C '

' !D '*2 ' C ' ,* + 8 - # - # C # = ' 7 # 7 +&, # / * #- C = 8.

-/ ,J, !

- &: ! ' ; A - " + C 9 A:!

(: + - = + Y 'Z ! =9+ =+ ! -/ ,J, !

' ,-5 " - < + : !

- &, # 9#& "

# " # # " - &: &, 9#& C -A# "&" - +

! B: &,- < - '" #- + = + -A# "&I A / ,/' -&# >9#- <

! " # " . * 8 + ! = F "& &,I: ? / ,/' I

- < =+ = =9+7 # 7 , '+ /' I F& A:! # = '+ =&,-A# "&/ ,/' I J, !

F &D - < & , # I: ? * " - < - K

A / ,/' I &,- ="&- "&- C , 7 +- !

D * +* #. (# LT D F* #> # = '

* + '# - 7 # F&, # - # * @ =7 +

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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%%

4 - 8 - 3 8 ( )

%, 7 # 4 - 8 ' 9 -

* + ,* &, D " #- < ,@=

7 #& A:! * #.

-/ ,J, ! &: A # C (: + 02 ( - 0* 3 -!

! )! 1 ? * 6 $ - $ $ - 0%-

* - 3 * 1 - + 2 4. ! " # "

! -A# "&* # + = 8 & D 9#& C / F- * " # C D + objectivity D + subjectivity B: - < D 9+7 ,

A# .

D + objectivity F7 + 5 , U- C - C - 9# : " 7 + (' , C " 7 +A (9 , D . + subjectivity !

F C 5 , U + - C - C 9# : " 7 +A , 7 ,- < * " 7 +A >9# , D * +" +>9#(9 , D . + D =* #" # 8 + objective !

" 7 +A (' , C LM = - < -/ ,J, ! &: - <

LM =(9 , D - * ; 7 +LM = subjective !

&,

" 7 +A LM = , C - F (: & "& -/ ,J, !

&: - < LM = , D A# & (9 , D .

D 8 ! (# (C A 5 ? 7 # = -&

-/ , D + & C , ! 9 I / 7 + - < LM = # C LM = , D C LM = 9# C LM = # D C * . + LM = 9 !

- < LM = (9 # A:!

7 + = D =

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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# 3 A - ;& 6 *B 6

+ = (9 9# : (9 # * C (9 , D .

-/ ,J, !

- "

! F&, # " LM = subjectivity C &, " ; , - <

, 7 ," ; , - < LM = , D * +" +(9 , D .

-/ = - + ! F&,-A# "&* #7 # + (# - * C " LM = objective 7 # - &,- < LM =(9 , D A# !

= + - &, - < - < + A * - = .

7 +(# - &, " LM = subjective 7 # - F&, =- <

LM = A# C - < LM =& 7 ,&,- < >9# , D .

* # - = =+ !. (# " LM = objective 7 # - < LM = (9 , D ; (# - < LM = subjective 7 # - < LM = , D -/ , J, ! &: - < =+ = + &, " LM = * # - = C LM = =9+- C C LM = subjective

- . !

7 , C ,@= A ! " # " .

- - * +* # I: ? (9 # , C -/ ,J, ! ! 7 +- &

! - &: (9 + =" # =9+" LM = (' C * " LM = (' 7 # F ,* 7 +" LM = (' C LM = objective * J, ! &: # = 8 + LT " &, " LM =- C C LM =

A# . 7 +

+ =* +* # 7 # + - &, + =" # - <

* =+ ! : - # ! #

" + &,- < >9# ! "

; ,- < >9# , * +" +- < LM = /+ =7/#.

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

87

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%

4 - 8 - 3 8 ( )

,3 7 # 4 - 8 ' 9 -

C &D - < + - &, # ! "

? , - < LM = subjective; " # 5 , - < # " C LM ="

!

U 7&# 7 +- " #& * # C " # subjectivity + 8 ! * +- < A : 7 +- + * . &,* # + (: #

# " " ? , - F * # + = C * # =(# = D ' .

! - ! 4 ! - $ 6 03 -

!+ 6 # * - ! 4 - $ 6 ( !

+ , + - 3 ! - $ / !- ! , !,%4 ! - ! - + + + = !

- < I =A "& "& F I = =9+ + = * +7= * # 7 + F= 7 + * # + - < #

7 , # " .

- C =+ > * # - C 7 , - C! " 7 + F- C

=+ ! * + &&,7= * # . (# - #

(9 - C

* #- C * 9; 7 +(# - # " F(9 - C! B: - < " 8 F @5 . -/ ,J, ! (# * + (&, 7= & * # - F * +* #. C AC

-A# * " #* # !

- C ! - C! F 9# : , , + - F .

J, !

9#& " # " 7 ,7= " #- F &: - <

,@= =+ = . # "

!- < &D - < 7 + F =+ * #* ! 7 + # = U;H , & (: &, - =& #

- - < pessimism + #

A:! =+ ! F* +(9 - <

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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# 3 A - ;& 6 *B 6

> =+ = - C

.

- # - F ' A - C C #

=9+ - * =+ + > * #

7 , (# * + - C 7 # - C! " &, =9+* # =+ * ? (# * + - C 7 # F - < 9 * +* # - C! "

# 8 !

* +* # 7 , * +-& & 7 +& ' " # - * # =9+* # # =- C 7 # 8. 7 +(# - &,* " " - C F + . (: =+ * F =+ #

!(9 - C =+ # "

F=+ (9 - C! " ; 7 , ! - ! /03 ( ! !

! - $ 03 , ( , )!! # B: * # + 7 # 7 + + + + 8 F C @ . 9 - = > =9+" @ C . (# - + =" #& "& D * =9+" # D &A " #

7 # F - < A &,(9 D &9 - C -A &9 & 9 * # A -A 7 +(# # " 7 # - < ,A:!

* + ,* &9 * * #; 7 # & - < ,- + ! &: &,* +- <

5 , ' A .

! #

!

D " # - A# "& ,* + * # 7 + + # "

! D " #-A# "& ,* #. 9- = 9+ - +

! * - C =. -/ ,- '" ? + = - = -/ , + - = + , !

- < - C # " - <

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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,$

4 - 8 - 3 8 ( )

, 7 # 4 - 8 ' 9 -

A #

. + - <

! = + - < & - F = A - < - = . A ,* ?

F A #

- . - 9# 7 +- C #

* + 9# (: - C # " B: - < A #

7 , C A - - = + = 8 F C @ + - < / - <

-A - < ' ('

,* D

! 7 # 7 +&,- = ; " @ I -A - = =+ !

-/ , + ,- < & B+ - # =9+" ! = !

C - < # " A ! = !

- .

7 +(# (C - D = * # + 7 # QO +

!

F + * # 8 "

! + #

!

9OA 9* +* #; 7 + # "

!

9# : + 9OA 9 !* #. -/ ,- '" ? F * # + = - = - C

+ -/ , + - = + 9OA 9 !

7 &, :

=9+ # " ' ; # "

* +- F # * +(9 C ,* D

!.

7 +(# - # " / ,/' -&# +

* #

&, U7 + - -& + = 8 - C A #

- C

. # " =+ # = F + 7 # "

= = 7 # &, - F 9OA 9 -& , -&

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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# 3 A - ;& 6 *B 6

" ; , + - !

- < # - 'A ' A 7 #

* + 7 ,* + ! ' -/ ,J, ! &, # V+ " # = # = ' = - + * +" # * # 7 # > 7 #

=* - - C # = # * # 7 # * +" #

J " FJ

! . = + ! &&, - F + * + =+ #

! * LM = (' = # "

!

D " #- <

* " LM =A ' = . materialism A# idealism B: + ! = F/ &, 9# =9+7 # D D =+ ! * + # - =- = -/ , + #

!

- <

materialism =9+"

- 7 #

D > - < materialism = 8 A:! = 7 # F- + &, # - <

A (' = 7 ,- ='+ = * + ! ' . @ - = ! ='+ = -/ , ! - = C (' = ! =+ - = - + ! . * + + LM =*

* # !

- < LM = (' = # = ! ! ; 7 + - < LM = (' = , 9 C + = * # ,- = , * # - & 8 8 B: # # - =+ ,- = , 7 - =

- # # 7 + ! LM = ! '+ " (' = # = ! ! .

-/ ,J, ! * + ,* &,7 #* # C 7 # * #" - C k A @ " = &&'

! - # - =7 + + ! LM =

! =@ +" - C (' = 7 # F 9#& idealism, C 9#&

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

91

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,1

4 - 8 - 3 8 ( )

,0 7 # 4 - 8 ' 9 -

* +" + (' = - < ' 9 ' - < 5 =" C - < #

" A:!

- + !

- * + # " # -A -A F&, =' - = - =

7 # F & ,7 ' A 7 # & * # @ = * + # - =- C - =- C! - = (' C - = ,* =9+ - <

> ' =+ = - = + =/ ,I = C ,* F* #. / & 9-( + @ ?A #

' A " # "

! =9+ =+ * -/ ,J, ! &: A " # "& =+ = " ; , - <

- = - + ! &,-A# "&(: , C / ,/' I .

-/ ,J, ! (# + >9#" - = (' = 7 , 9 '

= 7 # F # # " 7 A / ,/' I @ = -J/ , B: * #" + / ,/' I

! + =+ D - F& ,@= @ =7 #& 7 +- * +/9 (: I C B: F * #- C

# = ' 8 I . 7 +- W= ! - D /9 (: / ,/' I 7 # # =C = + ' A /' I

! * +- = (' = - = 7 ,= * + !

F C + &,- <

=- C (' = . * * ( & 3 !

F = + =9+- C @ B: - < ! A (' = '+ " @ !

7 ,- <

(' = -/ ,J, !

- &, # " ? , =9+- C @ - * .

D 9+ : B: / - - = A# ' C ,

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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# 3 A - ;& 6 *B 6

! /9 C + =9+- < Q LM = C Q 7 + LM = : F C 2++ @0 9 C + - < - C A * - = - <

A - < (' * - =; 7 + : F + - <

- C # * +" + - < - C , # -A - = + @

@0 9 . = =+ - + + - C /9 A:! + / =+ !; + / - < = ? A # A # (C (C =+ ! /9 (: / =+ ! F- = + /9 =+ ' ?; . 7 +(# /9 + / 7 # - F (: # = & ' D = '?= =+ = C - - + @ + @ @ - + !- = + / " ? ,A ?;

C + " 7 +A , LM = .

7- +

! $ - $ - 03+

7 %0-

3FG , ?K 03 %0- F G ,4 '' ?K

!+ . 7- & /03 , ( ,)*! ! &M? )*!$ - 2 4 + ' )! 2 4 - 4 !

2 ! 6 +/ -. - C - " #(9 # - <

& C : -A# * (: & - < ?; 7 # &,- <

>9# 9# & * + " - * #.

D /9 9+ + * = - = " / , ! + - = + Y /= O /= Z 7 , /= =9+ Q ,-5 C , ! 7 ( , N , ! 7 , , !

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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,/

4 - 8 - 3 8 ( )

,2 7 # 4 - 8 ' 9 -

3! , 0- ( , N ,$ =+ !* + # /9 = = F 9# =9+- < + 7 # 7 # 7 -

* +

# # = , - = =I D & C - = =+

! - < /= 5 = A '(' ! ! + /= 5 ="

!

-A - = + = /= 7 + /= ,- ; C /= A / , =-&# !-A =(: , D " #- ' A * #;

!

- = + =-&# .

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!

- <

#

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!

* + =9+ - 7 ,* + =9+ - =+ 7 #& @& A@ =* F* # *2* #* F* # C - <

= =+ C F* # - = + * + =9+ - =+ 7 # & ; 7 , +

! = * + / = - < / ? + - =9+ + = 8 C /9 + = 8 - + - D D = -AF * 8

! + = 8. + = /= - < 5 ="

!

A# * +- <

=+ !

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- = * +- = D " #" !D * 7 , F* +- = D " #" - , # =; -/ , + - , C # * # ! , C , # = ! !

9# =9+

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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# 3 A - ;& 6 *B 6

- < , + 8 -J= 8 * +* #. ! = /= - < 5 ="

! &: * + D " #" - , C # * #; " #7 + -=F =+ - = . ! - &, # " # , '5 = -A# * (: 5 =" - &: &,* # /= =+ ! - < /= A /' ? @ =-J/ ,.

- 9 " 7 + # = # + 7 + #

!

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7 # F&, "& " +@ - < - <

-

* + ; 7 + +

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!

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!

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! &, , -A# 7 # ' 7 + @ D * #B: - <

C 7 '

! C # # 7/ = # + 9 & - <

-&#

/ 7 # F # - < @ D * # -/ , + ' !

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- = - C - < =+ ! D * # F- A:!

J, ! +

&, 9# : * # # = - + (# - ="& 8 # (:

A# * +* # AC

-A# * &, = -/ , + D * # * +=

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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,, 7 # 4 - 8 ' 9 -

=+ !- < # .

! - <

+ @ 5 =" C =9+ +

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-

&: * #- =: (C

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C (# &, + " # ' * F &&, + * # + - C - 5 / & "&- C 7 # - C! C D & &, #

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/ @= / ' =9+ M ! + " #- C! @ -A# * - <

- < D = F* +- < ,* #

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!

- <

9 - 'A + # @ 5 =*A#-&F " + = # =.

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# "

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7 , # " =+ ! B: F* + ,* * & , &,- < = C - C 3 @ " 5 =" @ = !

- 7 # @ 5 = F&, ,- F * 9 =* ! %% - -BF .

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

96

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# 3 A - ;& 6 *B 6

J, ! &: - F * # + =9+ 7 A ,- < k ? - <

' ,* F !

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, F # - < =9+" ? , =+ ! # =. (# 9 " 7 +A 'A # F - < 9+ 8 =+ - =

" + - = + 'A # I = # - C

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C - C

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+ ' A A# C # "

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7 # + 7 +

: * * * +* #

=9+"

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- C

!

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7 ,.

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=9+" - C

- &,- 'A =+ " - C F* # &,- 'A =+ - C F* # -/ , + -A ( ! " # " @ = I = , - < - C C C - < &, .

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

97

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,

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3 7 # 4 - 8 ' 9 -

'A" # - C -A - = + @ = 'A 'A- C # - C -A - = + @ ' 'A C - & "&- < - K . (# & "& =9+" #@ 7 # + " #* =9+ C * =9+" M F 'A =+ # - C =9+

- -/ , + =9+ F= , = !

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+ =* +* # + =* # F + - C "& 9#& " # " .

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F (&, @ : "

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!" #- + C * + - + ? ,@

2@ 0 , 42 ! =2-/,

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C @= @ * - =" #

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// F * # C UA:! .

7 , * - , * $0 6 ')! ' * ! * 6 $

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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- ! 6 03 = * / % ( '

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A# +

+ =+ = ; / #

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9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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+ =. 7 + & !

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-A F &,- F (: A + - F / ,/' 9 ! + - < / ,/' -&# C 7 # 7 +&,- F ' - * # - @ =9+"

- =- C /

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-/ ,J, !

7 #&,- " - C / ,/' -&# - "

/ ' -= ,7=, = * +- F / ,/' -&# 7 #& - F 7 +- C A / ,/' -&# 7 # F* + 9#& / ,/' -&# &:

! # - < I 9 - < U ? # > / ,/' -&# =9+

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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&D

: =- C

.

C @ ?A * + " #(9 # C -/ ,* + &&, =+ (9 # ; =+ !/ - F =9+ ; 7 + + - &,= * " #- < - C A / - F 8 C = # = I: ? . !

D A = = !&, =9+" , * - < - C * - - F7 # .

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F =9+ - + C " / ,* HR # =9+ - = (C

+ - < - = , - = 7 A / ,- I # 7 # =9+ / I C U ,- < + - <

7 #7 + D

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! * +(: ,. ! - D (: / , "

? ,* ? - < "&A / , C / , 7 #& F C 5 , + & 9 A 9 , + =+ = C =+ =9"+ "&A / ,/' -&# =+ - =

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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0 7 # 4 - 8 ' 9 -

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9 ! 7 # F/ - C + / , V - < =+ ! * ! =+ !

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!

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"&A / ,/' -&# .

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- - C F- C 7 +A - = C 5 , + & 9 - < , - < , + =9+"

- @ =* + # - = A# ,* !- = + Y + Z. 7 #" F + + Y(# + @ = (' F- <

; (# + @ = ( C - C! =+ = "& =+

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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= F -/ = =+ - = Z =+ !- < # . )!* ' (' F "&- C =+ -A = * # > @ ( - < - C D =+ ! =+

! 7 # F- < @ ?

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C 7 #& - F * #" - C " # " . - C - F =+

!7 # F&,A A ' '& /: 7 # F / * # + = 7 , U * #@ = + =. (# - * A# =9+7 # F&,@ - =9+- C =* .

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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7 , - < - C - " 9 - = > B: - <

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.

! F (: D + Y Z - * #=

7 + 8 /9 + =

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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7 # A " #* - " - C 7 # : - C 7 # + C / , // -&F ! ,* D

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( I

!

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! F C (' + = C - C! .

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F

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

106

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9# 9 ; =+ ! F . =+ -A &,- C 9+ =+ ! &, # : (: 9 : (: /= : (: =; , ,* D

! 7 + + - + !

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F= ! A# A# " . 7 +(# &, # - C - =+ - = 7 # &,- C - =+ * ? * 9 - . )!* ! ' / (' = F # - + Y* #Z

7 , * # - < A 9 - < 97 #

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.

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"

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& - + -A 9# : * # # = -A -J/ ,A , !

- ! # =- ' > =+ ! # = / 9& =+ !

- + ! . =+ !

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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!

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!

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7 , - < /: 7 +- . =+ * # '+ C * C * @ =' '+ 8 8 A @ -/ , + =' A @ 7 # &, # - < =+ ! .

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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# 3 A - ;& 6 *B 6

- &,* +- F # = - &, #

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'# # ' A:!

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.

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; 7 +(# (: ' C - C !

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9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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7 +

=9+ U " # / , +

C / , + # . / (C / ,-&# -A F(C + / ,-&# # " # - " #>9# C # " # - - F 7 +>9# C = + - " # C - - =. - C " - C / ,-&# 7 ,* U " ? , >9# C = + F D = - - < - '" #- F 7 + @ 5 @ - < # - =* #. -A F > ' * # @ = * + 9#& / ,-&# , @ = / ,-&# F= - < A I [ [ =9+ * F* + 9#. 9 + # / ,-&# - < =+ * F* + 9# ,* 8 F # 7 +* + 9# 9#7 +-/ = + / ,-&# + # " # '

* + - F 7 + " # >9# C = + " # " #>9# C . " #>9# C

!

C " #/ ,-&# !- < * " I

(C / ,-&# . " /' I - D + / , 7 D + / ,-&# .

- &, # " #/ , @ = - = C + , - K =9+ =+ * , + &, # U =+ * &, # ,/k U ! " # (# 9 . ," = C # R

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

133

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$ /

4 - 8 - 3 8 ( )

$ 2 7 # 4 - 8 ' 9 -

7 ,- < ,"

!. - &, # " # ,A# ! # = ,/k U " #(9 # # A '?= R * # D * # =+ * . RA * # D * # + D * =+ ! F&, > =+ !- A:!

D * =+ @ # F&, > =+ @ # - A:!

!- < # .

- &, # - C , D * 7 +" - # C " # - < * -/C ' A : @ 5 @ - F 7 + 9# : - < 9 - < A 9; B: - <

LM =/ B: &, # = 9 9 A / , - < - F 7 + D " #- @ 5 @ A:!

D !.

- C - 9#& + / , C / ,-&# 7 #& !

C R =9+ D " # '?= ,/k C , D " # - < * " ? , &,* +" #- ' A A:!

- F (C =+ - + U =+ - + F* #> - < 'A A:! .

!7 ,- = + * #(: / ,-&# C * #(: / , 7 , * # ,@= & / ,-&# C / , . 7 ,

7 , C ' / , =9+ - C! - < - C '# * +" # ' A , C /9 =+ ' ?; F C + * +" # / - = - = * #. + ! = 9#& ' / , " ? ,- +

!7 # C

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3 8 & 4@

= ? F / & 9 # = - & ' 8 -( . # - /9 ! F-/ ,-A# "& + = * + 9#, = 9# =+ - F 8, 9# =+ >9#" + 7 + + # =- * ,

! #

7 + + - = - - <

'?= 7 ,/ / ,/' I = * +* # ' '?= &,* # &: - F + - < D # - /9 & " @ D - +

!.

- - = + ' / , ! - # =9+ ,&D D - < - C '# - " #/# & - = - = A / ,

7 ,&: - = + - < >9# ' / ,@ =7 #& .

!&,/9 (: ' / , " ? , ? , -/C -A# "& + * + -! ! ,' 3 01 03 2 + + -7% *+ 03 ,' - ' ! + - * !, ; - , * 6 /')! + -! !3+

, ' & # 6 0* 3

, )!* 03$ -+ - E1 * ' 3

)! 3 , 71 4 6 )!6 3 / ; - = - , /+ + -!3+ ! 0 ' & 7 # F # + - <

>9# D * -/C ' A / , -/C 9 ' A / , -/C * # B: ' A / , 7 + 7 #7 # * # 7 + @ + * # 7 + ' A @ + - < 59 > }I & + =+ " =+ : "

: =9+- + !

- . ' / ,A /' -&# ! " #2 C + " #- + * + # - = ; * + # ' - < - - < - < A# - < A

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

135

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$ %

4 - 8 - 3 8 ( )

$ , 7 # 4 - 8 ' 9 -

= ,* - =. C (# J D - < F&,* + # " #- " # ,* # = A 7 +" # 9#& D = & "& ! " #(9 # - + ! .

J, ! ' / , 7 #& ! * + # BC! * + # ; (# # ' C BC! 7 # , " # &, =- < ' A 59 > }I & * @ =* + 9# : =+ # = F59 > }I & C @ +A - @ 5A - .

/ D ' - < # D * - ' *

: &,- > =+ ! =+ ! = @ ^ . D '

: F= A:! + 7 # + + + 8 * * + ! ' ; =+ !-/C &,- ,* ? -/C &,- ' / , C -/C &,- ,* ? 9 ' / ," ? , =+ !

- <

- C A @ 5 - < - C A # D * - . (# * # &,- < =+ * ? F &,- <

# D * - = A:! *

= ,@ @ 5 5 A:! * . ' / , =+ ! &, C * + F * 9- .

7 , - < A# + 7 #/9 (: =9+- 7 + F= * +7 + + * # =9+& 7 , =9+(9 # .

! F (: =+ C " A# + &,- 8 - =" , + LM = ! C - C D O D ' - C / , ! -

& * + 9# + ,* - <

/ ,- < , * + 9# + ,* - < C ,* - < ' .

- + F(C & , + D ,* * +* # =+ ! F =9+.

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3 8 & 4@

/ - + 8 !

9 + -A D ,* ? -A D /9 =+ - + U =+ - + & , , ' , F* +* #; 7 # F # + !- < U - F -/C / , C ' / , =+ - F . ! F- = + - * C =9+. (# - + - * " ? , + !7 # - C F&, @ '+ =- C , ; - + + &, D

F D * +* # -/ , + D

! # *( # # D = 8 =+ = 8 , + "

#

! &, # =* -/ , D . !

! &, D =+ * - C F&, # D - C F&,* + # (9 V+ ?

!

F =9+ + -A 9#& / , =+ (9 # C * +(9 #

- . / , (9 # / ,/' -&# F (: - C -& : -& (9 #

7 , / , =9+" "&, -& (9 #

7 , + = D " #* +- < . ' +

: &, # *( (# -A 9# (9 # D " / ,/' I F&, 9#& ! "& D * #" ? , (9 # , C * +" +-& &,V+ " #

! ; 7 + + -&

!

-/ = 7 + D # '?= &, # D RA + 7 # + # A '?=

!

C ,.

- &, # D

=+ ! F- = + - < D #

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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$

4 - 8 - 3 8 ( )

$13 7 # 4 - 8 ' 9 -

RA J, !

-& ' [>' >+ " &, D - + ! * +" +-& &,V+ - + 97 , =- < #

" #

! . - C -& =+ ! F- < -& , * # = ,; 7 # , !

- F&,- < / ,, 7 # / , !

- F &, '# " #* + # .

7 , 9-( + 7 #7 + &, D

- != - != # F= # ' / , 7 # F '# -A " #* + # - <

-/ , D .

7 # ' 7 + + = = * + ! ; - + + - &, #

= (+ = (+ = /= " # * , (# - &, D # = @ + &,V+ - =; =+ ! F&, # - < . (# ! ! "&" # D & D "&" # " #(9 # A , * + -& &,V+ - + ! ; 7 + -& &,

= -/C =9+7 + A 7 # F = ! . =+

! F- = + , C -A# "& (9 # ! =+ '# ' ! * # * +" # # - < -/ , = (+ = /= - < # . ! -F = + ' / , ' # - - &: * + # - < .

C + &, D - + + &, # -/ , - < -/ Â&#x192;V . (# -A ,, -A# "& =+ (9 # , ' (9 # " - C !7 # ; -/ Â&#x192;V

! &, " *

: F * #- < * + -/ , + -A , D * " ; + C , C / , -/C &, ? * #B:

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3 8 & 4@

- < C =' " @ !. -A &: U #

! RA J, !

-/ Â&#x192;V ! &: * + ; - # * #7 +-/ Â&#x192;V A !- &# -A "

#

! # = @ + # = # = @ 5 # = - F 7 + - < #

&: &,- < . (: 7 # + &, # = D = , 8 9 - = * !; (# - < F ' / , '# * +" # # - < . ' &, # I: ? & 9#& / , 7 , ' / , '# 7 # F D * # =& "& , * # = , * +" +V+ D * # = ' &, ? * # B: - < " @ ; =+ !- = + -A * +* #V+ . -A * +* #- <

-/ , = T * C + = ,- * " # = ' / ,- < >9# '# -A - + ! * +" # # - < .

7 + + (# - < &# - - C '+ = ,@=

=+ " =+ : # = D & @ 5 @ - < # 7 # , = T * =+ - = , C " # ' ,* * =+ - =

F # - < , 7 ,- < =+ = .

7 #&, / ,7A =9+- < / 8 F* +/# &

!* * #- =; -/ , +

= * +" +/ , = * +" + ' / , - < -/ = (' '?= # A:! # = A !A C -A# "& =+ " =+ : 7 # - = - - + / ,. / ,* +* # =9+ / ,- C 7A

!

7 + =9+ & "&

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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$1$

4 - 8 - 3 8 ( )

$1 7 # 4 - 8 ' 9 -

* # 9#* #- F * #-A# "& =+ (9 # + ,* - < ,* . (# + / ,- C 7A =9+ * # + =" # -A# "& (9 # =+ ! F =9+ 7 ,- < / ,& , C + - <

- < - C = - < ? A / ,* #. 7 +(# + 7A / ,- C =9+ 7 # & "& , * # = @ 5 - < # 7 # V+ -A -/C &,- ,@= +

=+ " =+ : 7 # - +

! F # - < - C

V+ .

7 ,- = + D =9+ =9+ + ' / , + = '# C * + ? (# - + " ' / ,& '# "&& F* + &,- < " " # ' * ! : D " # = ! C ! 7 ! # C 7 # @ A

/ . 7 + (# * + 9# -A# "& (9 # 7 # 7 # D " #" -A A * A# : - + !

F&, # =+ = '# - = .

! - < -/ = =+ D 7 " # - F + !3+ # * ,* 4 ?, 6 -! ,* )!* !,% 4 ' 3; 03 -! * * , ' 3 6 2 4!,% - , !+ 01 03 - 0 ')!03 - 0 )!' + -. - &, # 9#& " # ' / , D D " # > ' , + -=F - < # =9+ - , 7 ,"

' " #* # + = " #- * # ' '?= &,* # C + " # ' / , " !

9 ' & 8 C /# & - @ =

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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3 8 & 4@

, ! .

- < / , & 8 ' / , / & D " # - - < / ,- =- ! - - = + - < / , = ' . =+

! F- = + -A * # ' '?= &,* # -/ , D &A - = + ' / , ! .

!- C * + !

F C + = &, # + =>9# C " #* # ,@= D

! # = = + ' / , 7 , # A / &,->C 7>+7 +>9# C # =. - & D C ,/k , " ? , - < / ," # # A " # / &,- C! -2T~ ->C 7>+7 + ' C # = 7 # + - &, * # D -/C - D - F&- F& ! * 7 # F . .... .... .... ....

! - &, / & 9 + * (: 3 R 8 4

)! 3 2 0* 3 2 $ - ' 3 16 . " !

7 ! = &, + (: + &, # - #

- = + .

&, / , C ' / , ! # * + (C ,* 8 = * + / ,. =+ (C ,* " #= * + / , A# !* 9- F7 #

(C - = + / , C * + ? * 9- F 7 # 9 = + / , C * + ? * 9- F7 #

# = + / , C * + ? F* 9- F7 # . (# &, / , & 8 ' / , & 8 F& =+ (C ,*

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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$11

4 - 8 - 3 8 ( )

$10 7 # 4 - 8 ' 9 -

" #= * + / ,.

: F C + =+ - < A ; =+ - <

A - =- =

7 ,- < . 7 +(# &, - < A ,* # F # - < A / ,. =+ * # - < A ; (# &, /9 + - < A F" # !- < / , I = A / , - < D &,- < . (# &, F # - < A / , C A / , , C - < ,/k U =9+ # = BC & 5 + - = + / , . !- = + =+ - < A 7 + - < A / ,.

!(# + ,* 8 /= ,* ,* F -( , F =+ " ; ,- < A ; " #- < A / ,. - + + - A# A - C * + ,* = =+ ! F =+ * # # - < A . & " # - < A / , C A A / , A A RA .

- &, # 9# + + 8 !- < 7 ,- < A =9+" # RA * +" +A - ; - &, # & A# !, = & A# ! ,* F * # 7 +" #- <

A / , C A , C A =+ * # =: (C + A .

!(# - &, D ,* # ? &, D ,* F =+ D -/C . & D -/C / , =+ - = : &, D C &, D # C &, D * F ; D =9+ =+ - F - C =

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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3 8 & 4@

- C * * =# = !

C

! . =+ * # D -/C ; 7 +& D -/C / , -/C , -/C , C -/C RA , RA , D 7 # &,A9 - - F 7 + " # - < >9# - F 7 + * + + - C 7 + F/# & ' A ! * #.

7 ," ' 7 #7 +&, F =+ D &A - . =+ # A / .

- W= !

# A / -/ , + -A - < A !A# - < + - < A / - F 7 + - F 7 + # : # =+

! # =+ !. 7 #7 +- < / ,- < - 7 # F= &,

=+ ! = &, =+ ! D &A - C / .

J, !

A - C -2T &: * 7 # = '

A * + + * + .

-A ' @ = * + &," # - +

! "

=+ !- < # , 7 # @V?

" # '+ 7 +" - C

@ = # @ = # # . 9-( + @V? "

- C =+ ! - + * (# + - - = @V?

-/C I: ? , U ,7 # + * =+ + "& =. " / @V? + 8 !

C / / F =' F ,* ' =+ F * 9-( , + -A

-/C ,* ? @V? -/C ,* ? " ' F-/C 9

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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$1/

4 - 8 - 3 8 ( )

$12 7 # 4 - 8 ' 9 -

& 9 ! ,* F , -/C " # = A - C / .

=

=+ !

- < A !A# A / * +" +- <

A / , &: ,* - C / # &, . (# - - < /' ? # &, / , ' A / , F # - + / ,7 , D " # / ,7 , D " # ,* " #

=+ * " # - + * - C * F* 9- F/ &,-A# "&* # + / ,7 , D " # =+ * - < # . 7 # F =+ ! =+ - F 7 + &

-/C - -/C / ; 7 +& / , 7 , D . =+ : &, 9" # : B:! * F C + =+

,* - < A , =+ ,* - < A 7 +& - + - < A / ,.

,* - < A ! = +

* # # = - # = = + A 9 + 9. ,* * # # = D &A - =+ ! =+ -A# * . & 7 + * # @ = * +- = - 7 +- = ,; - +

- * # @ = '& ; =+ !- = + - < A / ," # D F * #. 7 +(# A * # @ = '& =+ !

- < /= A / C - < 9OA 9 = 9 9 - < A / . =+ A * # " ? , =+

!. !- = + =+ ,* - < A 7 +" # ,* 8 - <

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3 8 & 4@

A / , - + / , D =" # ' " #.

-/ = - + ! F 9 - C &,/ 7 # + 03 -

!! + ,0 * *03 2 $ -+

3 $ -

. !, 47)!!3+ , * 3, !, ( ! ,

( ! 3, !, , 4 ( ! !, 2 !3+ )!* !, !3+ $0 , 3!, !3+ +* $ ! 3 C =+ ,* - < A * # -/ , D & - @ 5 @ C * # "

* +(9 * + .

- C !/ ,/' -&# +

7 , + D

D + 5 ?' ! =&,* + @5 * # # = , D * O # * +" +A / ,* D -A# , 7 # -A " # - " #A " # ,* + # * +" # .

7 #7 + 7 ,

! (# 7 * -/ = - <

(9 (9 "& - < "&7 + + >9#2 ! = 7 # - ,* " # / , F* + &, -/ ,- < -

-/ ,- <

* # =+ * +(9 # AC

-A# * F- = + - < 9 &# A - + &# A - * +* # A / ,- =. ! / , ! V F &, : =+ - = + - &, - = =+ * &," # 7 # /# * & - = + ? 7 , D =+ * &: &,(: - = + / , C ' / , ? .... .... .... ....

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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$1%

4 - 8 - 3 8 ( )

$1, 7 # 4 - 8 ' 9 -

+ !* F&,* #/9 (: + 2 !, + 01 03+ -7 1 ' 3 !+ ? - * #- # - < A# I: 7 + (: ' / ,7 # 7 # - &,* #- + * =+ * &: &,(: B: ' / , ! ? - C

!/9 * #* + 9#& - < - C ,- = / =, .

7 +(# &, + @ = ' - < ,-5 F/ &, + * # + =9+ 6 ,-5 : C - &, # (: ' / , @ = , D 7 + - < ,&D . - &, # D & -/ = / 7 ,(9 # . - &, # D -/ = / 7 ,(9 # ; 7 # - &, # - C (9 # - < ; C /C! ; . (# /9 A:! * & ! F + - &, # - C (9 # " - C - = / , !

- < /C! ; ; 7 # - &, #

C 9# 7 +"& (9 # 7 ,-/ = / ; 7 # - &, # D & D "& 7 ,-/ = / 7 # - &, # ,/k , D = & "& =9+"

,&D . /9 7 + #

: F + &, # , D " ,&D &, # D & -/ = / &, # D

-/ = / ; 7 , ! ! &, # - C C I (9 # - < /C! ; I O - C ! &, # =9+- < /C! ; A ' 8 7 , - .

- &, # - C / , * +" +- C - . - C - ! =

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3 8 & 4@

(: - C - - C / . - C / , ! * +- - ; 7 +- A / , RA / , 7 A / ,; =+ !- = + - C / , * +" +- C - . - C - C - C 9OA 9 = 9 9 =9+ ! ;

* +" +/ ,.

7 , C - & =: (C + - + A - - < - C A - * ! ! .

- - C / , F # - C / , (9 =+ " #> . (# - C > F (9 / , ; (# - C (9 F(9 / ,& ; - C # &, / ,& F # - C " #(9 . !&, # =

- =" + " - C - C B: =9+- W= ! + - C A - !

(9 # &

+ / 9& ' =+ ' C * + ?

- C - C (9 7 # 9# !

F # (9 # 7 +

; - = + (9 # . 7 # F-/ D & " # # = D C # = D & @ = " : " # D & =, -/C " # ( D -

* 7 A / , 7 , ! ! C . # - < =9+ # = , D (9 # * ; - C - C - C # , - C ,&D - C /9 & , - C ! ! F # - < (9 # * - < ,&D =9+- .

7 ,&: + + - &, / , C ' / ,* # F # , D = & " ,&D

' * & .

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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$1

4 - 8 - 3 8 ( )

$03 7 # 4 - 8 ' 9 -

&, # & "&" # ' [ !

7 + + + * "

: !- = + D & -/ = / 7 ,(9 # .

7 # F 9#A# + ! = ! * +" +

- < - < RA - <

# - < > - ; * +" +A - * +" + - !- <

&, # D " #7&+ 7&# =9+- 7 # F- <

9# - < , D - < > A , D (9 # *

7 , C / ,

7 , C ' / , &, + =* # ' - C . .... .... .... ....

!

- C =9+ + + ' 3 06 3 , 0 )! + 0 ? &,* +- + * + + =- C

8 - - F 8

=9+ * ! F + = * + F* + + =; =+ ! &,- < * # C * + ? '+ 8 8 =+ !

- < - C A ; 7 + D / , C ' / , ! &, # & - * . / ,&, + = C * + + = ! * + D =9+ / , D =9+ - + - ' / , C * + , + - ' / , 7 #& C * + . (# - ' / , 7 #& 7 # * + # =- = - <

+ = =9+ 7 # - . U D , ' A / , !

- < + = - =9+7 # - ; / ,&: + = =9+7 #

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3 8 & 4@

- U / ,. 7 ,- C - U / , =9+ F- = + - ' / , =9+ - - C ' / , F + =7 +.

&: =9+ + - ' / , C * + ? * # + 7 # A# # + ' / , !- < A I [ [- # - &, D " # U 7 +- * # C * + ? (# - D " # U7 + - * # F = + - - " #* #; ' / , ! =9+" D & A - - C

, =9+ + - - " #* #; * +" + + - &, / ,* +* # - / ,* # # = ,/k U " # " #(9 " # " # ' [=' " # ! - C! #

+ 7 ,- C! =. (# - U =+ + 7 # !* # / ,&, + =- - <

7 +

. &,- = + - / , F* # &,- = + / , - F* #

* + D ; 7 + 7 +

=9+ + * # + = & / ,7 # .

- = + - - ' / , " #* # # = , D A - - ; + =* #7 + 8. - C + -A# * -( 7 #

F&, - ; * +" +- 7 # - &, # A # + & 8 A:! . (# - -A# * F&, - J " - ' / ,7 # ' / , F '# - J

! . -/ ,J, ! * + # - < + + / ,&,* + + =. - 7 =9+ -&# * + ,/k U " #(9 " # / , # 7 # F @ ? + / , * + + =; !

C @ - F& 7 7 &, + * #

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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$0$

4 - 8 - 3 8 ( )

$0 7 # 4 - 8 ' 9 -

+ - <

@ A *

. # &," #/ , + = 7 +7 # F- + / , :

" #/ ,, # * # / ,7 # F@ ? + / ,* + + =, =+ ! =9+ 8 * . , D =+ ! * + - = (# - <

, D # =-& 7 # F= * + " +.

7 # , D * @ =* +-& C * + 9# : * +-A# "& F= - < - + / , =9+

7 ,. -/ ,J, ! &: # * # ' A * # @ ? * # * , A

* + 9# * + 9# ! A# ! ! A# + * + 9# ! - C ! " # * + 9# ,* - < , D - C =* * + 9#; -/ , I: ? * +-/ = / , -/ , +

7 ,* + "& " - C !, "&7 +&, # D * - + - = , "&7 +&, D ' " ? , # D * - + - = .

=+ + ! / , + * + + - = A ! #

! + &: * + + =; J, ! ' 2 4 '- 2 + ' 6 03 -! 3 4 4' , , 2 4 .

-03 * 2 , / , 2 4 ( , -03 !3+ /03

2 4 ( , -03 !,% / 2 403 ( +

44 ! ' * 2 ,. ' * 3 ( 3 6 03+

! !, 6 03 ' 3! 4

16 #.

7 ,A " # + ! = / & 9" # + - =

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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3 8 & 4@

+ ' / , 8 ! +

7 # C = ? - /9 ! &,(C + 9 (9 9 + ! = F * # -/ ,= - C =9+ +

= * + ' / ,, = ' / , # =- * ,

F ' / , 7 +- < / , , 7 ,= &, # /9 + * " ? , - < D , , " #/ ,- < / ,& 7 ," #

8 / 7 + 5 /A 8. " ' ! = ' + - = + / , !

=9+* +* # 9 C A 9; -/ , 9OA 9 !

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,* "& # "&/ ,. 7 , =+ ,* - < A

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, F- K " # "& - = + ( .

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" @ !

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// .

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7 #& ; - <

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= ! = -/C * + ! !

7 ,.

- =+ * - < ' A ; - - < ' A - F- =- + 7 ,, C - F- < ' A - + 8 7 ,, 7 # - F&,* # , =7 # = -/ , + 7 * +- < ' A " - C - < ' A

- + 7 +

- > F - D - < ' A -/ ,* + 9# + - <

: B:!

+ 7 +" #> .

- " # D " #- < ' A * #- + * # + = * #- F + - = F - ,-= , +

! + - < ' A - + - =& 8, - F * # =@ , " 9+ , 7 + 7 - < @ , : F = . = =9+ - = * + / , 7 + - < @ , ( : ? ! - C -

! !

- =, - < @ , 7 . + + =* +* 7 # , (# ' - < A

!

7 # ' 2 ,* +(9 7 # + =* +* # -( ,.

7 , - C =+ !, - = + * + 9# " #

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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$2/

4 - 8 - 3 8 ( )

$22 7 # 4 - 8 ' 9 -

- <

F- 7 + = + &,- 7 + .

- &, 9#- C ! : ! & - F + * 3 ( 4 , ( 8 4 ; !3+ / !$ 2 $ - $ - ,02 3&,' 6 # 2 $ - . ' !40 ,0 !,; 2 $ - 3 ( )!* 2 2 , H 2 $ - ( )!* 2 2 I * 303 ,+ -, * 3')! / , * 3')!

3 / .

C # # C ,, , C # . A #

" # + =- *

# = + Y , !

C

# Z; 7 # # # RA :

# # A , # # A , # * # # * + F # # A # * # # * +, # D # A

! !

7 , * + =+ !

=; J, !

# # D

7 , C ,. '?= =' : D / @ # =' : D / -/ /# & M = 8 -A 9#(: A + - # ,

# , - # , # D + # # C D + ,, - # ,. - # , C # ; J, !

# !

C ,. (# + / ,/' -&# , , C / ,/' -&# F C +

- C # , / ,/' -&# +

- C # .

- * 6 4 ( A 6 ! : !

1 * /'!) $ - !

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

174

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CD 3 - ; , , #5 8 , #4' 3

!,%+ -; # D # " # =9+* #, # , # 'A5 / =, # && =- C D ' , " # =9+* # * + # = - < > '

#

: . !

D - F&"

#

!7 # F(: - !* 4 A ')! 2 $ - , * 16 + , , * 16 + 0 71 44 '= ;

7 , # ' # =; J, ! , C # . / - D # - F &,/ "&- C D # -/ , - <

' - C " . # C ,- ;A !

A - = + , 7 +- C! "& A C

# . J, !

- C D D # F& D " # ' ; / "& +

- < (9 # ' # D F D " # ' # . (# - <

A FA " # ' - <

#

-/ , + J &,- <

A 7 # - W= -

F- C 7 , - F&,- C 7 , F&,/# & 5 /A . (# ( # C 7& - C &# F- C

D " # ' =+ " #- < ' A ; -/ , 9# + - <

# @ = - < ,@ = . (# D * # ' F D * # F > - C , * + - + * F /# & 7& - C &# /# & ( # , - C A:! * - C A:! * (= # # ,* /# & ( # . A " # D " # ' C D # A " # ' , ,/k , " # ' . D # F C ,/k , ,/k , " # ' ; =+ - < 9 ! " # ' =9+ ' ,- = ! - C D #

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

175

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$2%

4 - 8 - 3 8 ( )

$2, 7 # 4 - 8 ' 9 -

9.

D + Y ' Z = Q =+ : ' A - !

* +- ; # ' A (9 # 7 # F/ "&, 9# : / "& - + - F * # = (9 # - F * # = ' - &, D * #7 # .

!&,= C * # - * # (# " = = C * # - * +* # A " #* 9 A " # D # " # ' " #(: ' A # &, 9# : - C = C * # - * #; (# = = = - "

# * # - * +

= *

. (# (: A * # - * #7 # F 'A, - < 'A 7 #& * + # " #- BC! , 7 # = - < 'A 'A + 'A # " #- BC! ; -/ , " #- BC! !

* + " + ' A ; - < -/ -/ , - < -/ = -/ -/ ; J, ! &: - < 'A . / * * #

- 7 # F= = C ; = C F= " #-

BC! - ! & - * +/ " #. J, ! " -

- C * +/ " # =9+" - !* 9" # , * 7= 7=, 9" # &,/

! : -/ , + - " #- -/C BC! A 'A C - - * ; # ' " #* #, # * + &, # * + -23 - @ + # * + " " #&+ =A - " D A - .

- W= !&,/9 * # + = &&'

!

-23 7 , - ! !

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

176

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CD 3 - ; , , #5 8 , #4' 3

: - C F , - C - C '+ + F , =9+ I =- C " # * # = = / , F , 7 #7 + D @ 'A5 / = F , D * =+ - =+ , =+ 8 =+ '+= 8. * 9" # -( , &, * # ; (# &,-

7 +/ " # =9+* #@ = , =7 # F&, * # + " #&+ = # - C ,* &, * # .

(# 'A 7 #& F- < =+ ! * + # " #- F = * #; D " # ' * - = : - <

D

' =+ - <

'?= D

' =+ '?= , - < - F # D " #

' =+ - , =+ A ("

# * + D 7 # F&,- ,* - = # ,* ; (# =+ !

F- < * * +* #

# - - C V+ 2

7 . (# '

' " D # &,* +- , , ; -/ ,-A * ' 8 ' 8 =9+7 + D # : = F D #

=, & F D # & , * + # ,- , 7=+ V+ 2

" , + = ' C .

! F- < =+ A ( - F & D

' - < 'A- C D ; - - =* + # " # -/ , - < 'A- = 7 # " A , D D , -

!

- F * #" # =+ C F* # * + # * BC! 'A * , - * + =- C -/C

'?= C F= * #. ( A# ! D C D " #- D * +- F

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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$2

4 - 8 - 3 8 ( )

$%3 7 # 4 - 8 ' 9 -

- C =, D " #- D * # + C -A D

, \ @ , - &, D

, \ @ -/ ,

' " D . /9 !* +" +/9 , * +" +/9 " D * +* # - = D 7 # - 61 }, 1 } 61 } D

, \ @ - = 7 # , 7 # > 7 =9+ " : 7 !

(I @V? ' ) !

- < > A D

'

&: D * # A

! &

-A * 97 # * +- C * +- C + !

- = D . + * +- C F* +- C

- = D & 8 -/ , D

' & D

, \ @ .

A " # "&-( , + * +" +- < 7 +/9 , * +" +- <

D /9 ; 7 + - < U * #.

- <

+ - * # D " # !- < + A " #- <

,@= ,@= 7 +-&# A * + -&# A . (# - D * +(9 -/ ,* + 9#(: , !

7 ,

&, -&# A , - = +

7 , =- < = ? - <

,* A:!

7 # -&# A - C # .

9#- C & 7 #A ' =+ =+ ! (: A ! : =+ !

F- = + ( . (,7 + (, : =

: - C! : ' + : - = + ( . A " # ' 9#" , - = + ( ; &,- < ,@=

"

- # =, 7 # &, + - - < ,@= =+ C

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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CD 3 - ; , , #5 8 , #4' 3

# =, &,- < =+ !- F7 # * # ' . (# 9#- C ( 7 # &,7 # * # ' * +

,* - C , 9#(9 # " ' 8 , 7 # * + & &,- & " 8.

- W= ! - D > =9+-/ ,* + 9# ( C + ,* 8 F&,- < - C - C , ,* 8 F&,- < - C -I ?; & * - = ; + - C - C - C -I ?; &&,7 # * # & - + ! !

- =. - C - C - C -I ?; & !

7 +&,-/ " #='+ = " # D " # ' A - A:! .

- C I - C , &,7 # ; - , -A# - I -A# &,7 # .

& -I ?; &

7 ,, -I ?; & @ * + I

# ; - # 7 # # = I -I ?; &&: &,

.

!-I ?; & * + I # A:! , 7 # - -I ?; & 7 # -I ?; & ! * +* # . - C

- !D @ # - # - T~ @

!

* + &, , . - C - C * + I ! 7 + - C >9#7

A:! * * + I F- - C , 7 # &, * +- I * 7 # !

* +* #; - C 7 # - C F - < - C !D @ # @ 7 , F7 #* +* #. (# - F @ =7 #& 7 # I &,7 # * # ' , * + +

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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$%$

4 - 8 - 3 8 ( )

$% 7 # 4 - 8 ' 9 -

,* &, 7& 9 ' - * +/ . - - F +

! # - < * R7 # & -J = A A C RA &&= .

D 7 8 + &&= !

A " # + = "&

+ = -/ ,* + + =- /9 - < RA + # - <

=+ ! 8 =+ !; -/ ,- ' && = =+ ! 8 !&, # - A:! , ! -/ ,- ' && = ! , ! -/ , ! , !

-/ , ! .

- < R &

- = + R &&= ! , 0 !3+ 6 , 6 0 16

D ! ! 00, : )*! 2 !, 6 !, 603 -! 16 , 2 !, 6 !, 6 -! 16 . 2 !, !6 , 6 / ( ' 16 , 2 !, 6!, 6 ( ' 4 16 . 6 ( 7 % +

+

4 ' ' , +

3 0- * ( ( ( ( 4 '' , 3 0- * ( D! 5 ,4 ! , - 71 D! 00, - / - 71 7 !, , * . / ,/' -&# 9# F C 9#- C !, + 9# - C

&&= ; 7 +- &,- = - = + U && ' - <

=7 -J/ ,- C ' A A . 7 +(# - /9 + &&= = # - = &, C * + ,* F =9+" # D &A R + -/ ,

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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CD 3 - ; , , #5 8 , #4' 3

! !&: , -/ , ! !&: . ( &, D *

* + &,> C + &,* +- < LM = C LM = * +- < positive * +- < negative - < = A * =+ ! , - = + RA 7 # 8. (# + F C =7 # - - < # ; (#

F* + =7 # * +- - < # . 7 + + R &&=

7 + !B: - < * =+ ! - < * =+ ! - < * =+ !, 7 # -A F* - - + !- < 'A !- < ' A !- <

* # !- < - =, !- < 7/# !- <

,, !- < D * !- < A ' . !

@ +A + +,. RA &&= -A = -J = A .

9# ( # * (:

9# & * + * + ' , * +" + ' , 7 # F* +" +* +" + * +" + ' ; C * +* # U - & * + ,* - =, 7 # F* +* #=C = + ,* =9+ =+ = , 7 + ,7 A - = 7 ' 7 + . (# (: 7 # F- = + 9# =+ / ,/' -&# + 9# 7 # F ' A * # - <

9 ' # - / C RA &&= ; - C U (9 # 7 # F &,/ "& 'A "& - .

9#- C ! F/9 =+ : * + 9# F/9 =+ : ; J, !

/9 C @ /9 " # =9+" @ - - < Q =+ : D /9 @ /9 A @ + F/9 + ' - -A 'A ' A 7/# , * # - = D * A

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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$%1

4 - 8 - 3 8 ( )

$%0 7 # 4 - 8 ' 9 -

'

F/ 9 * =+

! * + (9# : ( . (# (9# : ( * + * + * + ' * + * + * + * + * + 7/#* + , * + * #* + - = * + D * * + A ' 7 + ,7 7 + ' 7 + RA &&= C + 7 + &&= F- =* + ,* * +- = ,* * +@ ,* * + ,* * + &J ?= " * + ,* - =.

! , - F - < ,7 &&= * F* + 9# : + &, # * + 9# : + &, # - = * + 9# : + &, # @ * + 9# : + &, # .

6 =+ !

- =9+ * - 9 ,* + F - # , F # * / : 7 + , ,* + @

F @ F # * / : , ,* + - = F - = , ,* + F , =+ * + - '>

F - < = &J ?= : ,* * - C , 7 # FV+ =-/ , @ +- + !

-/ , + * + - F & 9 ' - = + ( , ( . + &,23 D 9#- C ( " 9+/' ? - ; - F ,* - < ,7 7 + &&= * , F F(: ' 7 , * + &,* ,* , * + &,* - = ,* , * + &,* ,* , * + &,* @ ,* . C A= = * - <

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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CD 3 - ; , , #5 8 , #4' 3

= " ,* .

7 #7 +" (' ! = * * F- F 7 + * - C =A - + ! , - + : ! >9#- F ( * - F - < * - C = A , A:!

- < :

! C ' 8 9A : !* - C = - F =+ ! , 7 # " - F # ? F- F - < : 7AF =9+ =+ ! 7 +

= =9+ =+ ! C * +- F (: A ! ( . -A - F + : : ! = * + = : * + " - F + - < -/ = ; -/ = = -/ = 9 -/ = - F , 7 # F* +- F + "

!

- < -/ = + ' , 7 # * +- F + "

!

- < -/ = + ' , 7 # * +- F + " ' !

- < 7 + + 9 : 8 ' * RA &&= . (# - F =+ ! F- F + @ #, * - C = * + ,* * +* - C =; 7 #7 + :

!

F* - C =, * - C = =9+A# " A

, 7 # , ,* - C! A - !, ' =+ !

F 7 + * - C =, > A - F 2

F * - C =, " + = F* - C =, " & F* - C = 7 + * - C = &,- - <

* +* #; 7 # " &, " , " &,@ " , " &,- = " , " &, D ,* 7 +" ,

F * + =. D * F - < ' A , ' A -/ ,* =: (C &," #* # =+ ! &," #* # =+ !, 7 # F* + * #. J, !

&: - < ' A -/ ,- &," # #

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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$%/

4 - 8 - 3 8 ( )

$%2 7 # 4 - 8 ' 9 -

A - .

D + Y- Z "

! C @ +A - ; * + - , 7 + @ +A - A - < - ' 7 + * 7 A -

!

F 9# : 7 + & . & @ + *

: + - < - - < A - , - - < -&# A ' , - - < -&# A , - - < -&# A 'A, - < -&# A ' A . !

C @ +A & * + 9#" ! ( ; (# & 9#(: A ! ( F* + =+ !, - = + 23 ( .

! = &,/9 D 9 & = ! =

: +

!7 , C - - = + = I , - = + = I , 7 , I: ? =+ ( = I . !

- < =+ ! 7 # " #- F ! @ = - < =+ !, ' A - A:!

-/ ,@ + =+ !, D > =+ !, ' A - -/ ,* +@ + =+ ! -/ ,* + D > =+ !. - <

= I R- K A ; * + # * - > - @ , ,* + =, * + # - - = A# . (# = * # A + =- C & > - @ , ,* =9+7 # F* + ( - =, * + C 9 C " A ( - =.

- < - C "

- @ = RA D ' ' =+ =9+; !

- - = + RA &&= , - < RA - F A 9 ' - = +

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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CD 3 - ; , , #5 8 , #4' 3

RA &&= . (# - F + ' - <

&&= F- = + - F ( -A# (: ( @ = 9 . = I &&' F - K =+ ! 7 +-A - * " # " 7 (' ' A & (' &: * # I - F * ? ' - - , FG , 7 & 00 4 6 %0- $ - D! 00, - * * -! ; 53 6 01 + & 30 + -

)!

)! 03 2 !3+ # + -!

,

)! 4 3 %0- $ - D! 00, 7% )!* ! / 3 4' 2 /0. 7 +- W= !-A * +* #" # = I !

8 ' A " & "&; -A * + - && =A - " @ &: - && =A - = 8 & + * + " 9#& - C . @ = !

- <

&& = " # " * + ! ' * + 9#& - C , ! @ D * + 9#& - C " = " #- - C - ; - F&, # ' A A# ! *

.

= I - * " # LM = ('LM =@ , 7 && = 7 + - .

! = I A / ,/' -&#

A# &,- * " # " & ,* + " - =C A - ; # &, , - , & "& =9+- C = = - + ! F* + # - < ' A , C - = + 23 ( . + >9#" - 7 + =+ !A:! "

& "& - = + 23 " ( F &, .

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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$%%

4 - 8 - 3 8 ( )

$%, 7 # 4 - 8 ' 9 -

/0 3 '

! A# + * - = + 23 5 . =+ C + - C , ! 7 # + ( A' : * ; +

5 !

A= = # * * + : &: . *=0 7 + = F* #, 7 + =+ = F* #, 7 + - F* #. 2 9" # -

!

" #* +* # C * +&D - < ; (# * -

! * +&D - < . /9 (: D + 5 , 5 F /9 7 + ! /' . 5 = C = + - - D 5 O , + - - D , C * + # * "& (: A

! . (: - W= !" @ ! " @ !

F= 00 4 6

/, ' % - 2 4' * + ; ! 003 +

)!+ 2 4' 4 ' *

- * *03 -! 2 !, 6 ; J, !

I: ? # # ! &: D * * # - C =. +

F- 7 ,; # # = I - C @ - C (' ,* F # # * # 7 ,, 7 # F + - * + # " # =9+ . + - <

& = & = ,* F &,/ + / - C

* + # " # =9+ - = + - < + - ; 7 + + &D - <

7 #& # # " # !

F =9+. J, ! # -

! ,

!

7 , &,- = + 5 ' [ C * +- . (# >

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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CD 3 - ; , , #5 8 , #4' 3

& !7 # F- , 7 # - F ' - C -

!

- =* + # =; -/ , + - C ,*

' 7 +7 + 9# : : - F "& ! !

7 ,, 7 # + &,* + ,@= J, !

- &: & &D - C * +&D - < * #* # !- = + - < + - ; (# D * +

F- < + -23 . - F &,-A# "& * #7 # + + -23 !

" #@ ? : - < =9+ =+ 2'M -2T = - < =9+ =+ -23 !

" #@ ?.

J, !

A " # " # ' * #" #/ (# + - F 7 # F* +- ;

7 ,&,- = + (9 7 ,. 7 # # / - F - F - }_= 7 +* +- .

- W= ! - = + 5 = ? ,- " / , 5 5 F - C - , C -

* + # /9 (: * + # - + - = * + # A= = * (: A

! .

! & = 5 !

B: * +" +/ ,/' -&# D " #-

* & - =='+ & * # ,- , & - W= !

F - ; 7 # , + 5 5 ! * + '+ * = !

'+ * 'I 'I =+ = - = =- < / ; -/ , '+ =+ = F- = =- < / . - W= !

5 * # D * ? * # I/- + ! , 5 * # I/ - + !

7 ,, * # ' ' M # ; 7 # =+ !

5 F=

,, 5 = &,- 'I =9+

7 , -/ , =- < / * - =. (# 5 7 # # '+ * = + * + C

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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$%

4 - 8 - 3 8 ( )

$,3 7 # 4 - 8 ' 9 -

'

7 ,&: &,(9 ; 7 + 5 * +/9 (: ' + ' - < - C > - = . / 5 I -A + + /' - - C ' A =

/9 * +" +/' I ; =+ !

F/9 * + 9#- C -/ , -A '+ 7 + 'I -A &,- 7 + 'I -A * += " #- <

' . - &, + = 'I

7 ,= ' 7 ,. =+ * - - =; -/ , - < ! 7 + =: - * , =: (C - + * F= - < ' - + ! .

J, ! (# &, 9#& - = + 5 + & ( =+ * F 9 +

!. A " #/= = - = - = + ' + & C =" 8 'I - < "& =+ = + =+ * .

- C ( ? ,- < = I /9 * = 8

7 , + # & A & 9 =9+- F =9+ =9+ =+ !- < - C ( . (# - < - C D , - < - C D

C " # D F # " # #

+ = " #- F ,A + = " - = 5 =+ !

F* +" + ( ; -/ ,

- < D - < > A D , " #> A D

!

- < - C : C , * +" +- <

U;H@ ;

# - <

U;H@ 9# : ,& ? 7 +& &: &,- < , 7 #" / ,/' I . J, !

- , =+ A= = " #

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CD 3 - ; , , #5 8 , #4' 3

- ; 7 +A' : * " #/ & . (# + - < (

D * 9+ ' * + '+ = &," #

+ I& = C */- , ,* , '+ -J/ , + ' C * + , * + * + ' , - < -/ = ,7 7 + &&= . (# * + ' * # ,* = 8 A:! * 7 # - < + -23 , 7 # F- <

5 -23 5 - .

D + ( FA= = (, C - C! ; 5 FA= =/= ,, A= =@ /9 & , A= =* "

/= ,, FA= =* " = . " # = A= = * " # , 7 # - < & = F* #A= = * " # ; J, ! &: - = + - C * +&D - < .

J, !

- &, # + =

+ =, D -A# "& " # 8 =+ " # # - = ,@= * " - C !. (# D + 5 * + = " # D + ( F D " # 5 7 , '+ * = ' * + 7 + ,7 7 + &&= F* #- C

. - C D /9 * + D - C C . C ! * #* + D ; D & -/ , C ! !

- * # . (# # &,@V? # =7 # F= ! C " #*/- , -/C @V? ; J, !

- * +- C -/C @V? - < , - & - < , ' A * # - + * !

C & - + ! , & - + * F ' A * #- + ! ; '+ =" #

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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$,$

4 - 8 - 3 8 ( )

$, 7 # 4 - 8 ' 9 -

=9+ =+ ,. ' 7 + + , + C , * +* &

& * +* & 7 #7 + 'I + '

7 ,= # ' .

D /9 A - <

( 7 #& - /9 - W= ' &, "& - W= + ! =&, "&. ( 7 #& -A &,/9 + ! ! # 7 + = .

- =* #= 7 + - C + = = * +- =* #= ,@= + ! ! # 7 + = ; -/ , +

7 +" #- - ! !

7 ,, * + " + !

= ; 7 + ( -A - F 7 # -A - F + = - + .

D + = !

7 + * + + ; - = 5 ?

- =

+ =, (# - = 7 + + * +(9 F- =

- =" + = , = !

7 + * + + , $ =, 7 + + , * 7 + * +, * $ F 7 + * + + , ! 7 , ! # 7 + = = + ! 7 , ! # 7 +* + + : * -A#

- ! !

7 ,, + 8 8 * -A# -( , -

, !

* + # =7 , * -A# F . ! ! # 7 + >9# -A# * -/ , - < - C ' 7 + , - < - C , '# & "& " #- A= = A - # . ' ( 4- 3!, '* - %+-

? - ' ( & ' 3 )!4 6

3 3!, 6 6

3, - + + - *!, - / ( & '

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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CD 3 - ; , , #5 8 , #4' 3

3 ; + 2 4 ! !, 6.

-A V+ =-/ ,* +* # -A # C -A &,- = C - = - = -A V+ =- = + F ;

7 , =: (C " + - = + .

J, ! * +- ! ! ; - - & "& - < ,, & "& - < , ! * + =9+" # D &A C A , - = + + ' + C + - < - <

! # , , =+ * - < A =+ * " "

. - & - < , ! & "&- * +* #, 7 + F =+ ! & "&A - - =. 7 + + - <

! - A ! !

7 ,, / ,-&# / , V F - C

7 ,; /9 * #- = ! !

7 , 7 # F D - C # -/ , ! , 7 # F* + + = - F + * -

* + * # , ! ! * 7 # F & , - ;

( - F =+ !.

5 &&,- F - ' , - ' @ = * + 9# + = ' = : . : ' - =.

23 &, =+ -/ = 7 +- 5 * # I/ # C M # " # =- < 9# 7 #& - F =, " # 5 ! * " ( -( , C " #* 9+ ' * + .

23 " ( F 23 " 5 ! F &, : !. 23 : 2 7 # ,

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

191

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$,1

4 - 8 - 3 8 ( )

$,0 7 # 4 - 8 ' 9 -

+ 2 7 # + 23 : * # =+ * ; 7 + = =9+ + 23 : &, # 7 # , , C + - W= ! =' -A# - + !7 # =' -A# 1 } 61 } ]1 } 7 # F =9+

: 7 # . D * * + - = - + ?

A:! (: ,=, : =+ !

- = - W= &,* + - ,.

J, !

A " # "& , =+ (9 # " #- -A# "&7&+ 7&# (9 # - < 23 - C : -/ , ='-A# ! ! : 7 # F ! + 7 # F - W= &, =- + * +* # ,@= ,* & / ,/' I

- = + 23 5 . (# / - 23 ( 5 & 8 7 # F&, ,@= 7 + ,- I , ,@= 7 + - - +

* + ' A ; &, ,@= 7 + ,- I C &,* + D > / " #- ,* A:! " " ,- I , + " # " - C " @ - =. (# ! @ ? ,23 ( 7 # F @ ! , -A &,7 #

=+ (9 # " # @ 5 /* # @ =7 # & . - W = ! * + @ & 9" + , # C * + ! ' 7 # * + ! ' -/ , * +7 #(9 , ? ,- C

& 9" + , # , " # & & = 9 F* + =9+" , # # - = +

& 9" + , # .

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

192

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CD 3 - ; , , #5 8 , #4' 3

(# 9#- C ! =+ (9 # A A " #-A# "& * # '

,, = 9 = A ! 9 A ; - W= /' ? &,/9 + A /' ? # , + A / ,/' -&# # , / ,/' -&# + F U - + * +" +A +

A .

R

!

A : ( &,- A:!

F ( &,* +- A:!

F L04

@ 42 O ' - <

RA C &&= ! =9+7 # =9+7 # ; =9+7 # , L04

@ 42 O =9+7 # , Y ( -/ = 7 + # / 7 # , - + & - < =+ ! - ! =& ,/k , D " # (9 R- K

! 7 # F&, D ' 7 + ' A - J/ , 8 * # Z . J, !

' ? = 7 + ,

&, # -A# (: &

! A& * #.

J, ! (# - = /' I

7 # F # - = " #(: ! " # * # ,@= & 8 J , !

7 # &,* + '# + (*2& ' - /X * = . !" &, , # + * # ,@=

'# + (*2& ' - /X * = . F* + ,

-/ , + - < - C ' &, # , - - ; (# D > - = D , - = -J*J* A# - = 7 # * +/

* +(: &' = = .

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

193

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$,/

4 - 8 - 3 8 ( )

$,2 7 # 4 - 8 ' 9 -

/0 &) - # , A# + * - = + 23 ' 23 ' * +" +/9 -J/ , ' , /9 -J/ , ' # =. (# + - < >9# = F- = + ' , (# - < >9# F- = + ' , C / , LM = =9+- C / , LM = # - C 7 # F 9+ =9+" M C * + =9+ #

* + =9+- C - = + / : - < >9# =- = + 5 ?' - <

>9# - = + 5 ?' ; / =9+ #

!(# - < >9# =- = + ' - < >9# - = + ' . " - =& + D D ! # ? >9# I: ? 7 : & &, - =& F* #, 2 D + ' ' - < D : , # 8 8 ,* F* + 9#. 7 + =+ C + (# * +(: A !

- < ' ' 7 # * + 9#/' I , (# * +(: A !

- < ' ' 7 # = * + " + 9# /' I . J, !

9 & = I: ? =+ " + &&, - =& D D ! F* # + - < D : ,7 # /# =7 # * + = &,7 , # ; 7 + &

* +" + =+ ! (# = * + ? ,- < ' ' =9+ F= * + = ,* - =. J, ! &: - /9 " ; , # - = + 23 A " #- 23 - < ' - < ' -( &: * #/ 9 - C .! =9+

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

194

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CD 3 - ; , , #5 8 , #4' 3

# C ' ' , =9+ C 5 ?' 5 ?' , - = + / - = /9 - = - = - < 9+ / #

- = + 23 ' 7 ,23 / F&, * #/9 - C 23 ' + . & - < -/ = ' ' ! / 7 # / 7 #

, ' 7 # 7 +-A * + 9# !, 7 # -A &, - F 5 /A ' ' - < 7 += =7 + D - , * =9+ @ ;

F-A# "&* +* #7 ,; J, ! &, # -A# "& D + ' ' " # 8. & + F # &,- < =9+7 # @ = 7 #& , C # &, 9# , &, , &,(: , =9+ 7 ! ; 7 F- = - = P ' ' @ = * 9!

7 , C - < ' ' , 9# , (: ,; J, !

D -A# "& D + ' '

- = . / /9 + ' 7 # FA " # = + ' * # # = , -/I -/ ,&,/9 + ' ' ' , /9 + ' D - = F/ B: =(: ' B: - <

-/I # =. ' C 7 + -A# * " # 8, , !

7 + >9# , ' , 7 + -A# * " # 8,

7 ,>9# -A# *

" # 8

7 , C ' .

! F&,( + * " # ,* ? * " #" &: &,- <

' ? F* " # &,- < /: * #, /: C ,. (# *

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

195

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$,%

4 - 8 - 3 8 ( )

$,, 7 # 4 - 8 ' 9 -

" # & ,- < , /: * #

7 , C ' C ' , C + -A# * " # &,= - < =+ = C ,, ,. * " # , C / ,/' / , / , V - = + ,. * " #/ ,/' / , , / , V - < , /: * # C - <

+ = =+ = ; * + ,* + = - + ! - = + " # + =

= = F C / , = - /9 - F * 7 ! / , = C / ,/' / , / , V * " #/ ,/' / , / , V F- - = 5 ? 5 ?

5 ? & "& - &,* " #* # =+ * ? * " #* # * ?

!

F # = + * . /9 " #- < ' - = F- C + * " # , * " #= ? @ , * " #>9# U " " #= ? @ , =A / , = / ,/' -&# - < - C

. " / , F- = / ,/' -&# + - < , 1 40 0&,51 O/ ,I - < >9#-= = = @ A @ ! , 1 40 &0 5, 1 . 3 0- (

)!

! ? & ' 0 & ' 0 $0. - 3 6 /'!) , )! ' )!* ! $ 42 4 & ' ')! 3 , - 3 M 6 , /'!) =% - 8 4 ,* 4 , , , ? & ' )4 !

0 3 0- - /, 8 4 - !* !6 ,%. A " # =+ ! +

+ &,-A# *

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

196

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CD 3 - ; , , #5 8 , #4' 3

" # C + -A# * " # * # - < 5 = , - < * # ' * # " #/ , =B: - = - C

C = 7 #@ , 7 ,>9# U # - = ? @ .

!/9 " #- < ' - < ('A:! : ' C ' - C >9# - A# * " # / , = - < - C

- C = , - C >9# U " D @ 7 ,- W=

! ,; = + =9+7 # " & "& 7 ,- W = ! , (# * + =+ !

= * +- < = * +- < ' ' , # * # 7 ,- W= ! * +" + + =7 # C * +" + = = }A# # . - W= ! "&A - (: -A# !7 # 7 , - W = ! ; &,- < ' ' &, # " # D + ' - ' - . (# -A# (: !7 # &,-A# (: ' - , 7 # F ' ' 7 + 7 # F" ' C * +- = 7 ; 7 #&,

- ! =- A:!

F* , ,- C * - = 7 " -A# * " #/ , =; # - < =+

! &: &,- = + - - < ' C - < ' 7 #& . (# + * +- < =+ !7 # F= * +" +; -/ = 7 + 9#- C A , +

C 8 & &D * #* # 8 != * +- < , =+ F-/ = - = - = &,- < - + 2 - I I: ? =+ - F =+ ! F= * +- < , -/ = - = &,- < F =9+ - C

. -/ ,J, !

A " # "&I: ? # # -/C

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

197

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$,

4 - 8 - 3 8 ( )

$ 3 7 # 4 - 8 ' 9 -

&,* # U " #(9 # 7 # F&,- <

& 8.

&, D ( D ( : + D * # * " # / , = ? F - / , + - W = ! ' - =9+ C ' A (# /9 " # + = F + I: ? C 9# - =9+ !

* +/ &, ' A * # &, D '+ "& C

"&" #7 +- + - &,- , ' A * #.

9 & = - = ,* -= ,7=,7 # = + * +/ ; =+ -/+ @ * +/ &, ' A * #; -/ , !

- < - C D - < - C @ . - C & , ' A * # ! &, # - < - C , " # & "&@ = : - = A =9+

= * + / ; J, !

- &: # & , + =* # C / , =. * - < @ - < ' &," #-A# (: / , =* # - F D : &,* ' ( C C D D 9# ,* F &, + =" #-A# (: / , =* # - F/= = .

- =

!

- =9+ A & "&- =9+; 7 ,-/ , + I: ? " @ * +/ " #

! @ 8 - + " @ !, 1 ? !, & 00 4 6 + ! 0* 3 4 .

-03+ & 30 + - /+

3&, !3+ 1 * 0* 3 4 + -, 03 ( $ - , ,' )!* % )!* '! ! )!* ! / ! !3+ / 7!3 + , 4

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

198

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CD 3 - ; , , #5 8 , #4' 3

, ( ! 0 * 3$ - , , 00 , '

C A= = # &," #- ' A ! * , " #- " "

&& =- + !

A:! . !- - = + I: ? "

@ ! 7 # F* +/ &, + =A& "

& " A - .

I: ? " @ * +/ ; - =" # D ' 7 + = - <

I: ? - C ' A # . I: ? " @ !

* +/ &," # ' A , - =

7 + C - = 7 + / - F - + " & , , / ; 7 + 7 # - F = - F 7 + .

I: ? ! # -& ('. = -& (' F= - F

7 + . @ !

-& 7 + (' = -& (' F= -/

- F 7 + , 7 # F&, V+ 2

&,7=+ , =+ ' F D " #='+ - + !

7 ,. / - F * ? /9 + = -& = ='+ , = -& = ='+ * +-& - = + ('.

- C # - C A - = * +-& - C - W= ! ='+

# = 5 / ' - /X

7 , - C $1 + } 7 # - =*

5 / + ' - /X - W= !, ,- /X - W= !

- ! = = =- . * + 5 = - F * ; = + @ # 9 & , 5 =- F * -& = -& = ='+ = -& =

=, = -& = * + 5 =, -/ , + -&

=(: -& # = 9# - < - '" #- F 7 + , =

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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$ $

4 - 8 - 3 8 ( )

$ 7 # 4 - 8 ' 9 -

-& # = , D - < - '" #- F 7 + , -& # =

: - < - '" #- F 7 + .

- * #- C = 8 -( , &, - F # = - + - < =+ !; Q1 } F &, + ! = ='+ + !, = = + !, = * + 5 = * + !

7 ,= -& = ='+ .

-&

=9+" - ! & '+ * !

* +* # D " #@ 5 / - C - * + - C " # @ 5 / + ! - = + !, (# ( = * (: =

M - C C 8 } 7 # @ #

- = +

!* + ='+ . !/ -& A:!

-& A:! ='+ F-/ A:!

- < - , - F 7 + F-/ A:!

- = - =

F-/ A:! ,

F-/ A:!

-& , - = + = -& = ='+ . * +" +&, D C + + + ,* 7 +A " # - * # # - +

!

7 , =+ -A# "&* + = -& 7 # &,= 'A-=C -=F ; 7 # 9" # =+ " # D - = + - C = * + @ I

" # - C = * + 9# - =F " # !

*

- = + .

*

-=C -=F + ? (# - @ I * ! - = - 9#-=F * ! - = &,- ,* A:! ? + &,-=C -=F -=C -=F A:! . J, ! =+ # - = ; -/ , + -& !

=(: ='+ . " 5 ? -& -A =(: ='+ ' ='+ .

-A +

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

200

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CD 3 - ; , , #5 8 , #4' 3

5 ? L D + progress ! =(: # , progress " #- < progressive !

I / A =(: # C - C '+ * . J, ! =+ -& =+ 9

, " # - < -& (9 # 7 #

&: &, -=F * . D + -& 8 !

* +* # = + -=F ; =7 + + A:!

8 - A

, A:!

- A , -/ , + - < >9# #

F A:!

- A -& F C A:!

8 & ' * - A .

- &, # 9# * # D * +-A# "&> " - C ! + I: ? " @ '?= &&'

! * +/ # ='+ ;

* + * # # 7 # I: ? =+ " @ " #

- + !, " # -/ = - + ! C " # -J = J - + !

7 , intellect 7 + intellect !

-J = J 7 + * + 9 A:! * & (: + - F 7&# , - F 7&# 7 - <

wisdom - < insight * + ; & I: ? =9+"

@ " #* #-/ = J -J = * +* # = + , =9+ ,, 7 + + J -J = . / " # J -J = > F* " + - * " " #-/ C , - = + C " + !

- ; - C =

+ 9 - - * +- F " +* ? ! =

F- < 7 + 7 + + 9 - @ = - F * +- F .

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

201

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$ 1

4 - 8 - 3 8 ( )

$ 0 7 # 4 - 8 ' 9 -

=+ D - + - C 9#

" # 7 + -J = J ; 7 + &, 9 * + 9#. & I: ? 7 + =+ , =+ A / ,/' -&# - = # C * + 9 ; 7 +

!

D " #- F ! = !

- < & .

- , /9 7 # + " #" ? " #/ , =. 2 + -! * $ - 3 , ? / )!* 03 4 & ,! , ! 3 ,. / 6 !+ * $ -+ -!, + ? !4 & , !,%$ $0 ! * * ? " #/ , = C + =9+" "&A - , - + !

- + ! * + * + # = + !. (# * + +

=9+" "&A - &,* + " #/ , =, C + - "&- C + F* # + + =. - "&- C

+ F* # (# + * + &&,- + * #" "&A - A " # - "&- C + .

F 9 + + "& =+ * ; (# + =9+" "&A - C - "&A +

!

= + &,-

C &,* " ! 8 . - W= ! + =9+ " "&A - , - F - = + / ,/' 7 # / , 7 # / , V 7 # B: - < ' =+ : " "& A - . / ,/' -&# 7 # F C / , , / , =9+" "&

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

202

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CD 3 - ; , , #5 8 , #4' 3

A / , V . / ,/' -&# + >9#" - F >9# !

- F - , >9# " - F - >9# !

- F , + * + - - C! A + - <

/ ,/' , * - . >9#" - F >9# !

- F - , >9#" - F - >9# !

- F . / ,/' -&# 7 # C / , C 9#- C ' A . 9#- C ' A - A:! =+ * ?

9# - C ' A * =+ * ? F C R & &=

7 ,. ! / ,/' -&# C + / , A + =+ (C - < + >9#" - F U && ' >9# !

- F , >9#" - F >9# !

- F U && ' C &= ; J, !

>9#" - F

&&= >9# !

- F , >9#" - F >9# !

- F

/ ,/' -&# . ! - + ! F =9+ " "&A / , V ; / , V U / ,/' -&# / , D A / ,/' -&# & , =9+ " "&A + (: A , (: A &,- = + / , V .

D + / , V ! F- = + - < 9+ 9+ C ,* - C

8 & (: 9+ * #; ! / , V &: "& ,* - C 8 / ,/' -&# &, 9+ * #. ! , " # &, - # = ,, &, / - # = D + / , V 8

! &, / - # = F* #; 7-

$0 * / + - ,'

%-$ 3 %- 1 $ 3 71 , / ( 3 M + - ,. '2 3 M + + -

,'

4 !* ,% * ! , M !* ,% 4 * - /+ - 7-

$0

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

203

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$ /

4 - 8 - 3 8 ( )

$ 2 7 # 4 - 8 ' 9 -

71 6 - / , ' ( 3 M . J, !

D + V -A 7& - < 5 ?' 5 ?' ' ' # = C >9#- < A / ,/' -&# ; 7 # F # (: V # =. 7 +(# &D =9+-/ = / -A F= - 7 + - < / ; 7 +(: =+ !

F= 7= - < 5 ?' V # , - <

5 ?' V # , - = + - < 9+ -/ ,-A# * # -/ , ,* - C 8 &: -A# * #; -A# L9 @ -A# L9 @ ' -A# L9 ' ; -/ , - C 8

&: * -A# L9 * #. - W= ! = A / ,/' -&# ,* - C 8 &: -A# 9+

* # - = + V , A / ,/' -&# - < 9+7 + A / ,/' -&# . / ,/' 7 # C / , =9+" "&A / , V B: - # = F* #; J, !

A " # D " # 8 A " #& " # 8 - &,* # =9+" D + / , V A / ,/' -&# . (# &,- 7 + " & & 8 7 # D =9+ / , , D =9+ / , , / , D - = &,7 #

* # -/ ,/ , / ,/' -&# &: - < / ,/' -&# A:!

-/ , 9# 9# 7 , . , D " # - / ,/' -&# , / , V 9# &: - - < / , V A:! ; / , &: - < =C @ -J = A - C " & / ,/' -&# F - // , . (# " = * + =9+ !" = * + F* # - =

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

204

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CD 3 - ; , , #5 8 , #4' 3

# = + / ,/' -&# F - /, + - // , , =+ * -A# "&> + / ,/' -&# - < / , /' -&# 7 # * +- /" =9+- C " . + + =9+@ =* + - / ! * +(9 # * + 5 =; =+ # = # - K , - K B: - < - / C =: (C , - K / ,/' -&# + - / F C R &&= ; + - / ! 7 + 7 9# , 7 # F - / =C = * # + / ,/' -&# ' / , - // , ! / , !

F- <

/ ,/' -&# !

- + * # 9#. + * + , +

* += , + * + D ,* - C / - =7 + + &, * +- /" . =+ -A# "&> + =9+ =+ * + - / !

&, 5 =, = = - < '(' 8 =9+7 # F # = - / 9 & = / ,-&# / , V R- K ,* + 8 # - < - /, / , - // , . / - / , F # = + - 7 , / ,/' / , V =9+ "

! , =9+ " & "&A - .

A " #- ,(: A " # D + (: A , C A &, ' A * # C 7 J 7&+ 7&# " ,- C ' A . &&= - < R = + ' A - A:! =+ * , ' A &,* +- C * =+ * ,

! # 7&+ 7&# . / 9#- F

=+ !7 # F D =9+" ? , !

C (9 # , ' A F* +- , !- = + - ,@ = 9 F- = / ,/'

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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$ %

4 - 8 - 3 8 ( )

$ , 7 # 4 - 8 ' 9 -

/ , V =9+"

! . - + =9+" "&A - * # # =- ' !

C &,/9 + - D "&A - " #- C "&A +

* # F-/ ,- ' !- C

, 7 # 7 +&," # D * . - +

=9+" "&A - F C , =+ - = + =9+ " "&A - , C - "&- + - = + F C , =+ + =9+" "&A - .

C ' ' " - F + : ,, " &,- F + - <

' ' - < - C : , '+ + & =9+ =+

! . (# + 7&+ 7&# " - C ! * # @ =- F - < ' ' A 7 # F 5 =7 ,; -/ , -A# -A A 5 =, -/ , + " #/ , =7 # , -A# -A , * # + &, 5 =, + !&, 5 =. J, !

A " # - < ' C - < ' " #* # - + !

7 , &,- <

"& + 5 =; -/ , + 7 + !* &,* D , * D , &,* * D & * (: &' 9 ' C

// , - C / ,/' -&# C - C / , ! =.

- = + 23 '

# - < =+ ! =+ C

* + . / , C ! : - ! 9# ! 9# : !

- F 7&# @ = ,& ? . ' % - , ! /+ - 0 $

! /+ -; ' %- 1 6 + $ -! %- 1 !,% 4$00 # + ' A - < =+ * , - - * + ' A !

- <

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

206

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CD 3 - ; , , #5 8 , #4' 3

=+ * , - C @ A =9+ ' - /X ! & "& +

=+ * . (# - - * #

7 , C 9# : C + - * =9+ " -=F -=F "& + = * +(9 F I: ?

9# : &,* #- < - C - = - = - = - = A:! * / , // B: - < = ' 9# : * + ' A - =. !

- @ " A:!

A # 7 # 7 ,& = 9# : 9# : * # - = # +

C

7 , C 7 ,; J, ! &, 9# :

* # - C - @ A:!

C - D > & "&A:!

- C !

7 ,- <

.

- +

- F 8 - C * ,

A / -BF + 7 + / " + / B 9 * 9 ' " 'M = : "

,- I 'M / B 9* !- < " +- < @ & / ,-&# 7>+

F # - A . 7 + /B 9* -A * & = -BF

: + + = 7 + /

!

-A * / , !

" # + = " #- F

- F . / , !

7 7 -BF

! 7 F ! # + * #/ B 9* &, 9# ,* @ + .

B 9* F . & L &,2

/ , ! . / , ! +

7 , , - H 7 # .

!

F "& : * # F- " +L . - # ,

7 , .

- H 7 # , , 9 - H 7 # .

! F- = 9#, 9#&

7 , 9#& . - F- C

7 , -

- A:!

" "& I: ?

- = " # 9# +

# =+ * , #

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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$

4 - 8 - 3 8 ( )

33 7 # 4 - 8 ' 9 -

A * , = + ' *2 C -> *2. !

-=F

=+ * , -=F

!= * +(: !

7 + + - # -=F

+ C //

-=F + !

-=F + .

-=F + ,* .

!- = + # - = 9#& 5 =" , - < 9# : ; 9#& 5 = +

C F* # 2 =' F* # 2 - I F* #, * +/ , # 9# : # > # =& . ! 9# : 8 9# : -A# 8, 9# : ! &, =- < - F 7&# , - F 7&# @ = ,& ? , 9# A ! @ = ,& ? , !- = + - F 7&# .

- = - =

: F + - C - 9#- C - C , * #2 - C - C + - C - F F 9# + - C - F . + * # - F - C & 8 ! F 9#& - C ; 7 + F* + 9# + - F =+ * ; + - - C " + - ! = -A# * , @ # , =+ ! - .

- <

A !

+ 9#, 7 # 9# : , 7 #

- F 7&# @ = ,& ? . 5 ? * =- F # /9 =+ !; 5 ?

-A D /9 ' , 7 +5 ? * = F # /9 =+ !.

J, !

A " #- C ! " # ' - C !

-A# (: / , = " #- C ! & 9# 7 # 9# : 7 # F - F 7&#

7 , " #* #. - C (: A - F 7&# 7 # F&,- = + ! =9+" "&. (# /9 (: / ,/' F / ,/' =9+" "&. / , =9+" "&, / , V =9+" "&, - < , 7 + "& + 7 + "& 7 + "&. - F 9#- C , +

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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CD 3 - ; , , #5 8 , #4' 3

* #- C =; - C * *

, + - A:!

# F "&" # , & &D " #7 + =D , D * #" #7 + =D -/C &,* # ? 9+ A " # - * = A:!

8. !- = + - + =9+" "&A - . / ,/' -&# =9+" "&A - , C + - "& =+ - = + , F7 # 7 +&, D /9 D * . /9 + *

: + " # + 7 # > =+ * ?

C - C - + -A# " +* #" "&A - 7 # - &,* # > =+ * ? &,- = 9# : ; J, !

A " #* D - - : " # 8 9# : =+ * ? - + 9# : 5 = 9# : 5 =; +

! # - + > C

A:!

F * + 9# + ,* * +7 +"&* - = , > ,7 + ' ' =+ &,* +- < * - # , - &, 9 - = ,* # , C - &, =- # ,

* + 9# : + 5 =, (# + D & "& + =9+" "&A - 7 # 9# : =+ ! F* + , - &, 9# : / "&"

! +

* # - < * (9 # 7 # , - < &,- = + C - < =9+ 7 # & , C + - &, 9# : "& - C - # = ,* , # = , # = / "&, "& * + * + , = ! (' C ! & "&- , 7 # &, 9# : =

: C -=F .

'2 H I 6 ,/ ; + $ ,/

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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3$

4 - 8 - 3 8 ( )

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! A - #

'+

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A# #

= + !

- <

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* 9+ # ; " # - < -=F

: . (# -=F 9+ #

!

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, : ; 7 +- * + D /9 &,- = - F # /9 + -=F * - . " # 9#* #-( , + , ! D I: ? , D -/ , D /9 * +/ . A " # * # ' + - =

, D - C -

! -/ , D /9 * +/ &," #- = C ,- + ! ; 7 #>9# -A 9# ,-A /= = &,/9 " #- -A# "& 7 + D /9 =9+ " 5 ? #

!

* + ,

* + &,- " #/9 D !

F- == D # /9

# # # /9 =+ =. !&, D =+ * * # - <

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CD 3 - ; , , #5 8 , #4' 3

=+ !; J, !

F + = # + =/= = D -A# "&, -A# "&7 # -A# " # 9# + -A '+ =&,/9

!

C ,* &, + =* #. ' - < ="& - < / "& - < "&; - C + 9 = C 7 + = / 9 7 +/ -A = "&- + * # A

! , C + , = !D - C D / / !D / "& "&- + * . 7 +- F* +- = ,

- + ! - * +- = " ,- = * + !D

7 # , = =+ = , - * +- =/ 9# :

!

-/ , + " 9#-=F # - !D - F =9+- , - F@ + & (: A

* + 9# + , = !D @ =7 #& - < =+ * , C +

- C , * #/ - W= -> & =.

J, ! / "& "& * # , A - <

'?= ! F C > A " #/ , =. (# - # -=F

: B: -=F / =, 7 + F , F =9+" #

!

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=9+"

#

L'M , C ,* - < # . J, !

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- < / "& = A:! =9+ - ' && =. 7 +(# - <

/ "& - * + = ,* , - * + = * # ,* ,

7 ,- <

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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31

4 - 8 - 3 8 ( )

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/ "& 7 #& .

- # 9# & 9# : ' * + + = * + ,*

+ - <

+ - * + = - < * + = - & "&- < , !&: &,/ / "& 9 ' =+ !, 9# : + 5 = -/ , + * + - D &, =.

! &, 9 * ; -/ , (# -A# (: ' 7 # * + - , * + " &, =, * + " &,-&F &,*A#, * + " &,-> . !

- <

5 = 9 ' C 5 =-/ ,* + - &, 5 =; (# = - &, 5 = =9+ 7 #&, 5 = F* +/

= + = ,7 = =9+- . J, !

- &, = - &, , -=C -=F @ =* + # = + .

-A = # = + # ; - W= !- # - '7 + &,- # = # - '- =* # J, !

- * + # = , * + # = + , -/ ,- # - '7 + 9 - = 'AA - =* # C -

7 ,. - *2- =* # - F* + # ' ,* *2; -/ ,- # - 'A *2- =* #. , =+ ! # - 'A ' A - =* # * + #

-L3 ' A =9+- W= !; !5 ? -A - = - ? + -A ,, - ? & @= ,. @= , C '# ' D # =& "& A - , - ? & @= , F C * + ,* '# ' D # = & "&A - + * . > ' # = - < =+ ! - <

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

212

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CD 3 - ; , , #5 8 , #4' 3

'A" - < 'A"

= C 9+7 + & "&, -=F + =* + # /9 (: . - C & "&

-=F -/ , * + - ' &, D " #- + # ; !- = + - =9+ -=F C / , / / + = # =- + =/ - + . " = ='+ =9+ A - = - C -/I " !

D 8 !

9 8 ! / F= - C 9OA 9 - = * # - =. J, !

!

- < A !> (# * - = / , // ; - < - C 9 ' A ' A @ =7 #& . (# / (C I / ,-&# / ,- < -&# -A F&, =9+ / ,- < -&# - W= !-A# (: / ,- < -&# ; 7 +" I /' * + * + D + -A# * =9+ / ,- < -&# 7 +- D + -A# * =9+ / , // , -A# (: / , // . / - C '# + @ + '# + + 9 A 9 - < - C '# + * - =, * + 9# : - < 9OA 9 F-A# =9+ / , // . / C -A &,- = + -A# =9+ / ,- < -&# F - C A -A - * + # ,- , , -A =- < / "&A -A .

C > ' # =A " #/ , = - < ' - < ' >9# " #/ , = 7 # F* #/ , // - <

* + # BC! * + # ' BC! . (# # ' BC! * +" +

// - < -/ = ( - = A 9+ A / ;

9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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4 - 8 - 3 8 ( )

32 7 # 4 - 8 ' 9 -

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- C

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9 Buddhist Handbook.p65

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