CSC/CRH Report 2018

FLAGSTAFF REDEVELOPMENT LOCATED IN EDMONTON'S WESTWOOD NEIGHBORHOOD

TEAM 4 PROPOSAL COLIN SCHULTE/KARA GARCIA/TEAGAN MACNEIL/SARAH PRICE/VINCENT TAM

IT STARTS WITH HOME.

FLAGSTAFF REDEVELOPMENT Due to an unprecedented demand for social and affordable living, Capital Region Housing (CRH) is redeveloping and revitalizing many of their existing properties. Students at Northern Alberta Institute of Technology (NAIT) were tasked with creating a design for the redevelopment of the Flagstaff Apartment building, one of the sixteen affordable housing properties managed by CRH. This three-storey residential unit is located in Edmonton’s Westwood neighbourhood and has spent many wearing years providing a place to call home for individuals within it’s surrounding community. The objective of the Flagstaff redevelopment is to better establish the feeling of home that Capital Region Housing strives to achieve for their tenants. As a team of students from architectural technology, interior design technology, landscape architectural technology, and alternative energy technology, we imagined the Flagstaff development to physically display and embody Capital Region Housing as they help develop, support and improve their communities and neighbourhoods and the lives of the people they serve.

CONTENTS ARCHITECTURAL........................................................................................................................................................1 CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT EXTERIOR PERSPECTIVES EXTERIOR ELEVATIONS MATERIALS INTERIOR....................................................................................................................................................................10 RESIDENTIAL UNITS COMMON SPACES LANDSCAPE..............................................................................................................................................................23 SITE PLAN COURTYARD ROOFTOP PATIO PLANTING PALETTE & PLANTING PLAN ALTERNATIVE ENERGY...........................................................................................................................................29 BUILDING ENVELOPE HVAC ELECTRICITY RESULTS OPTION 1

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN

CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT: BOOST Capital Region Housing (CRH) is the largest provider of social and affordable housing in Edmonton. Since 1970, they have provided their surrounding communities with not only an affordable place to live, but a place to call home. The foundation of our design was established in consideration of this very fundamental role that CRH plays in the improvement of Edmonton’s communities. Their efforts to boost every individual they interact with is physically represented through our proposed redesign of the Flagstaff Apartment building.

This image depicts our graphical interpretation of the word boost. Capital Region Housing is represented through the tree trunk, working to support the various branches that extend from its core and giving them the boost they need to successfully flourish. This same interpretation is translated into the architectural design of our building in a thoughtful and sustainable way.

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ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN EXTERIOR VIEWS Inspired by the concept of boost, the tiered look of the building from the main street aims to emphasize the progression of building up. The main entry lies in the tallest extrusion of the building to establish a feeling of strength from a large central core. Various vertical lines protruding from the buildings facade further accentuate the supportive theme throughout the building.

Figure 1. Perspective view of the front entrance walkway.

Figure 2. A comparison of the existing Flagstaff Apartment building (photo: Capital Region Housing) and the proposed redesign, main entrance perspective.

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ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN EXTERIOR VIEWS A rammed earth feature wall on the west side of the building lines the interior hallway, and the exterior courtyard. Not only does this tie the building together, but it also serves as a sustainable strategy by adding to the building’s heat gain and heat retention. The semi-enclosed courtyard serves as a communal area that tenants can mingle and

Figure 3. Trombe wall feature with trellis.

build relationships with one another.

Figure 4. Courtyard view from the stairwell.

Figure 5. Perspective view of the courtyard.

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ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN EXTERIOR ELEVATIONS

Figure 6. East elevation.

The east elevation seen above displays the open main lobby and second floor communal lounge. The large vestibule allows for early morning sun to reach the trombe wall in the back of the building during the winter months. The south elevation seen here displays the height of the rooftop patio, which spans from front to back and allows for views from all sides.

Figure 7. South elevation.

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ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN EXTERIOR ELEVATIONS The north elevation seen here displays the repetition between floors, which helps in reducing construction costs. Each suite also has balconies for all tenants to have opportunities to enjoy fresh air. The west elevation below displays the trombe wall feature, which gains heat during the later part of the day to release onwards into the night to help heat the building as the temperature drops.

Figure 8. North elevation.

Figure 9. West elevation.

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ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN NIGHT PERSPECTIVES Common areas of foot traffic are well-lit to ensure tenants feel safe coming to and from the building. The hallway lines the exterior of the building to provide visibility and a sense of security wherever you are in the building. Lighting is also used as a design feature on top of the trellis to entice tenants to enjoy the outdoor space and get to know their neighbours.

Figure 10. Courtyard view at night.

Figure 11. Rear perspective at night.

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ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN NIGHT PERSPECTIVES Spotlights are placed throughout the shrubs of the rooftop garden to provide lighting to the space, but also highlight the greenery.

The main entrance vestibule and pathway is well-lit to naturally direct people towards it. Horizontal light scatters are seen along the vertical column features to give them more emphasis.

Figure 12. Rooftop patio view at night.

Figure 13. Main entrance perspective at night.

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ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN MATERIALS Rammed earth is used as a main feature wall that is seen from the entrance lobby, hallway corridors, and communal patio space. It serves to add to the building’s heat gain, and has high heat retention. A wood trellis is used to provide shade for the feature wall during the summer when the sun is higher. Curtain wall stairwells are used to provide high visibility and safety for tenants. The majority of the building is finished with stucco to balance out the high cost of these feature areas.

ECO STUCCO

RAMMED EARTH WALL

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RECYCLED WOOD

ECO STUCCO

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INTERIOR DESIGN

INTERIOR DESIGN RESIDENTIAL SUITES Suite Breakdown: F1 One Bedroom 6

F1 Barrier Free 1

F1 Adaptable 4

F1 Normal 1

F1 Two Bedroom 0

F2 One Bedroom 5

F2 Barrier Free 0

F2 Adaptable 3

F2 Normal 2

F2 Two Bedroom 2

F3-4 One Bedroom 5

F3-4 Lofts 2

F3-4 Adaptable 2

F3-4 Normal 2

F3-4 Two Bedroom 3

In total the Flagstaff Redevelopment will create 21 suites, and a central community lounge on the second floor.

The goal for the interior is to create a space with sustainability in mind while keeping an appealing aesthetic. The materials chosen are based on either and/or both their budget, sustainable feature, durability, etc.

The corridors have a carpet tile flooring to absorb noise.

- The ceilings are a combination of 24”x48” T-bar tiles and a continuous strip of bulkhead on one side of the wall.

- The ceiling tile has an NRC of up to 0.75 and a CAC of up to 40 to help reduce and absorb noise as well.

- The strip of bulkhead changes and expands from wall to wall when in front of a suite door to give some indication.

- The continuous strip bulkhead has LED strip lightings on the cove that will partly wash the wall.

- The wall to wall bulkheads in front of suite doors have recessed lights while the T-bar ceilings have 12”x 48” troffer lights.

The bedroom suites have gypsum ceilings which have recessed cans (pot lights) for lighting.

The kitchens have high pressured post-forming laminated countertops and cabinets which are durable, and wear, impact, and stain resistant.

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INTERIOR DESIGN RESIDENTIAL SUITES Suites take advantage of the natural light by having an open concept. A bulkhead feature lines the kitchen which is placed next to the window to provide an enjoyable atmosphere for tenants. Unique two-floor suites on the third floor eliminate the need for a corridor on the fourth floor.

The one-bedroom loft suites make a smaller space feel large, with the high ceiling.

The two-bedroom suites have separate washrooms accompanying each room for tenants to enjoy their privacy.

Figure 1. One-bedroom loft suite.

Figure 2. Perspective of kitchen and living room.

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INTERIOR DESIGN RESIDENTIAL SUITES Barrier Free Suite Layout:

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INTERIOR DESIGN RESIDENTIAL SUITES One Bedroom Suite Layout:

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INTERIOR DESIGN RESIDENTIAL SUITES Two Bedroom Suite Layout:

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INTERIOR DESIGN MAIN ENTRANCE LOBBY The large glass windows and doors on either side of the lobby allow for high amounts of natural light and visibility. This saves on electricity costs, as well as provides a sense of security for tenants. The feature trombe wall is also seen in the lobby to serve as a highlight that tenants can be proud of in their building.

Figure 3. Mailboxes in the main lobby.

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INTERIOR DESIGN COMMON SPACES Orange and brown tones are carried throughout the building to direct pathways. A communal lounge on the second floor overlooks the main entrance vestibule below, and allows opportunities for tenants to mingle with each other and build a sense of community. Room numbers line the door entrances for ease of visibility. Carpet lines these areas to not only reduce noise, but allow for a softer surface for kids to play.

Figure 4. Hallway leading to suites.

Figure 5. Communal lobby.

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INTERIOR DESIGN FLOOR PLANS Main Floor Plan: Entering the building, gridline floorings with carpet insoles are used on both the front and back entrance to help reduce the dirt or snow coming into the space.

Porcelain tile flooring is used in the main lobby and continues into the bike storage parking space. It is chosen for its durability for high traffic and its high coefficient of friction to prevent and reduce any slippage especially when wet.

Porcelain tile with a stone look is used as a wall feature by the mailboxes to create interest.

The maintenance room, a public washroom, and a small private office is situated on the other side of the mailboxes and bicycle storage.

The public washroom is universal and continues to have the porcelain tile flooring from the lobby.

The private office is meant for supervisors whenever they visit the site. The flooring is the same as the carpet tile used in the corridors.

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INTERIOR DESIGN FLOOR PLANS Second Floor Plan: A common room is situated in the centre of the floor plan which overlooks the front entrance below through the curtain wall.

The common room contains a variety of seating and tables for all tenants to socialize.

One wall of the space has a writable painted surface for both adults and kids to write and doodle on with erasable markers

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INTERIOR DESIGN FLOOR PLANS Third Floor Plan:

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INTERIOR DESIGN FLOOR PLANS Fourth Floor Plan:

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INTERIOR DESIGN MATERIALS

Gold Rush LVT

Flare Up Upholstery

Charcoal Loom Carpet Tile

Polished Mirror Upholstery

Ash Porcelain Tile

Autumn Weave Carpet Tile

Roman Cappuccino Porcelain Tile

Sarum Twill Laminate

Calcatta Marble Laminate

Rammed Earth Exterior Wall

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LANDSCAPE DESIGN

LANDSCAPE DESIGN SITE PLAN This landscape design is intended to create a very natural, warm feeling, while creating a sense of community for the residents. This is executed using plant materials, as well as the addition of two community spaces for the residents; a rooftop patio, and a ground level courtyard.

Figure 1. Overall site plan.

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LANDSCAPE DESIGN COMMUNITY COURTYARD The courtyard is situated at the back of the building but is visible from within the building to create a sense of safety for residents. It includes seating options, plantings, and a community garden for residents to grow fresh food and/or flowers in their spare time. Since this space is located between the building and the parking lot, the idea is that residents will have to use the space and hopefully increase friendly encounters with other people from the building- ultimately creating a strong relationship between residents, and ultimately a safer, friendlier community.

Figure 2. Communal courtyard overview perspective.

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LANDSCAPE DESIGN ROOFTOP PATIO The rooftop patio is a space for residents of the building to relax and enjoy the fresh air outside, without having to go all the way to the ground level and out the back. It’s surrounded by raised planters that can be filled with annuals every year, or small shrubs and perennials that will continue to thrive year after year.

Figure 3. Rooftop patio overview perspective.

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LANDSCAPE DESIGN PLANT PALETTE

Figure 4. Plant selection.

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LANDSCAPE DESIGN PLANTING PLAN

Figure 5. Overall landscape master plan.

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ALTERNATIVE ENERGY DESIGN

ALTERNATIVE ENERGY DESIGN The goal of the Alternative Energy design was to do more with less. The building incorporates a Trombe wall to utilize passive heating, which allows for a smaller heating system. The suggested solar PV is modestly sized for simplicity and efficiency.

The building was modelled three ways: Baseline – represents a building which is built to the minimum requirements for insulation, as per the Alberta Building Code (ABC) and National Energy Code for Buildings (NECB).

Option 1 – represents a building built to save money on operating costs by reducing natural gas and electricity use. The building envelope uses insulation which is moderately better than code requirements, and a solar PV system offsets a portion of the operating electricity load.

Option 2 – represents a building built to reduce natural gas and electricity use in order to further its environmental impact. The building envelope uses insulation which is moderately better than code requirements, and a solar PV system offsets most of the operating electricity load.

All three models use the same suggested HVAC system type and employ LED lights throughout the common spaces. Although the baseline may not have chosen these options, they were included to better illustrate the effects of changing the building envelope.

A VAV with furnace and rooftop air conditioning unit was chosen because it provides cooling and heating efficiently

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ALTERNATIVE ENERGY DESIGN BASELINE MODEL The minimum required insulation values for residential buildings, defined by the ABC, are shown below.

OPTION 1 BUILDING ENVELOPE MODEL The minimum required insulation values for residential buildings, defined by the ABC, are shown below.

OPTION 2 BUILDING ENVELOPE MODEL The minimum required insulation values for residential buildings, defined by the ABC, are shown below.

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ALTERNATIVE ENERGY DESIGN RESULTS Energy modelling was done using EQuest, a free modelling software provided by the United States’ Department of Energy. The data input between the building envelopes was the same except for insulation values and air exchange rates. Exterior lighting was calculated as 25% of interior lighting and counted under operations lighting. Note: Costs calculated using natural gas $4/GJ and electricity $0.14/kWh.

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ALTERNATIVE ENERGY DESIGN

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ALTERNATIVE ENERGY DESIGN COMPARISONS

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ALTERNATIVE ENERGY DESIGN FEATURES Trombe Wall The rammed earth Trombe wall on the inner west wall is designed to be a Trombe wall, which absorbs heat during the day and retains it into the night. Ventilation is added to the top of the wall so heat gain can be controlled and overheating (and unnecessary cooling) can be avoided. Unfortunately, the modelling software used does not have the capability to accommodate for the heat gain and retention from the Trombe wall. For the purposes of this design concept, generalizations can be made that a smaller furnace would be required and it would require less natural gas to heat the building.

Solar PV The solar modules are flush mounted on the west facing sloped roof. The modules are mounted in landscape orientation and the angle of the roof is 18.4°. The west facing roof is not ideal for solar PV but is justified because of the nature of the usage; a large portion of the electrical demand in a residential building is in late afternoon or evening.

System installed cost = $2750/kW Less than residential average of $3000/kW due to the building being designed from start to accommodate the weight on roof and the increased electrical capacity don’t require retrofitting.

Government rebate of 30% of installed cost Value of offset electricity = $0.14/kWh Value of electricity sold to grid = $0.05/kWh

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ALTERNATIVE ENERGY DESIGN SOLAR PV OPTIONS Option 1 - 10.8 kW Solar PV Array – 30 modules (350W ea.)

Installed cost before incentive = 10.8 kW * $2750 / kW = $29,700 Installed cost after incentive = $29,700 – 30% = $20,790 Annual energy output: 11,200 kWh/yr Solar Fraction = 55% of annual operations electricity, 16% of total building annual electricity Used vs Sold = 90:10 Annual offset energy savings = 11,200 kWh * 0.90 * $0.14 = $1,411 Annual sold energy savings = 11,200 kWh * 0.10 * $0.05 = $56 Savings per year = $1,467 Simple payback = 14 years

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ALTERNATIVE ENERGY DESIGN SOLAR PV OPTIONS Option 2 - 18 kW Solar PV Array – 40 modules (350W ea.)

Installed cost before incentive = 18 kW * $2750 / kW = $49,500 Installed cost after incentive = $49,500 – 30% = $34,650 Annual energy output: 18,500 kWh/yr Solar Fraction = 95% of annual operations electricity, 26% of total building annual electricity Used vs Sold = 75:25 Annual offset energy savings = 11,200 kWh * 0.75 * $0.14 = $1,942 Annual sold energy savings = 11,200 kWh * 0.25 * $0.05 = $231 Savings per year = $2,750 Simple payback = 16 years

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ALTERNATIVE ENERGY DESIGN ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS The environmental benefit of energy reduction can be measured in reduced carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions.

The CO2 emission reduction was determined using a tool offered by the United States Environmental Protection Agency which uses data averaged from across the United States. The results are shown below.

Note: The annual energy output of a solar module typically decreases by 1% per year, and has a lifespan of 25+ years.

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