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GOAL 1: PROTECT AND CLEAN UP AQUATIC HABITAT The Snohomish Watershed has been rapidly changing over the years with increasing population growth and expansion of its economic base.7 Increased pressures on aquatic habitat result, including more homes and structures on and around aquatic lands, increased presence of debris, and impacts to the plants and animals that depend on this habitat.
ACTION 1: Protect and Restore Submerged Aquatic Lands and Nearshore Habitat Aquatic lands support salmon throughout their life cycles and require both restoration and protection. In particular, it is critical that salmon be able to access aquatic lands in the estuary and nearshore regions in a more natural condition; forage fish such as Pacific sand lance and surf smelt spawn on beaches and are particularly sensitive to shoreline armoring (NWIFC 2020). Submerged aquatic lands support seagrasses such as eelgrass and kelp which are critical for salmon and forage fish, and which sequester carbon. It is critical for salmon to conserve and protect these lands in more natural conditions, which will retain vegetation and support the ability for erosional drift to occur.
Outcomes Outcome 1: Protect 100% of priority nearshore habitat with a Kelp and Eelgrass Protection Zone by 2022. Outcome 2: Increase kelp forest and eelgrass meadow coverage (net gain) by 2031: 967 acres baseline.
Challenge Eelgrass and other species of submerged aquatic vegetation play a key role in the nearshore ecosystem. They provide food, shelter and nursery habitat for a wide range of organisms, including forage fish, shellfish, juvenile salmonids, crabs and migratory waterfowl. Eelgrass beds support rearing and transition processes for juvenile salmonids. They reduce erosion by slowing current and softening waves, anchor bottom sediments and help keep the water clear by absorbing nutrients and trapping sediments. Underwater vegetation also acts as a carbon sink, taking in carbon dioxide and reducing greenhouse gas emissions to reduce the impacts of climate change. Seagrasses are used as an indicator of watershed health throughout the world, because of their fast response to changes in water quality. Changes in the abundance or distribution of this resource are likely to reflect changes in environmental conditions. They are also likely to affect many other species that depend on seagrass habitat. DNR monitors the abundance and distribution of eelgrass, kelp and other submerged aquatic vegetation in the greater Puget Sound as part of its stewardship work on stateowned aquatic lands. This includes annual monitoring of the native seagrass population through the Submerged Vegetation Monitoring Program (SVMP), annual aerial surveys of floating kelp canopy along the outer coast and monitoring of bull kelp populations in Central and South Puget Sound. DNR research shows declines in kelp and eelgrass in many parts of Puget Sound and in the Snohomish Watershed. Kelp cover has declined as much as 62% since 1900
7. WRIA 7 total population was 380,771 in 2010, and 433,257 by 2020. Growth rate for the watershed was 14%. Source: OFM 2021. Puget Sound Regional Council estimates that the total watershed population will reach 610,000 by 2050. Year 2050 projections derived from PSRC VISION 2050 modeling outputs and SEIS analysis (Nov 2020).