The Lowdown on Wisdom Teeth

A guide to understanding removal and recovery

BY JOHN P. SOLIMAN, DMD, MD

Wisdom teeth, or third molars, are the last set of teeth to emerge in the late teens or early 20s. While some people have no issues with their wisdom teeth, many face complications that necessitate removal. Here’s an overview of when and why wisdom teeth may need to be extracted, what’s involved and what to expect after the procedure.

When Wisdom Teeth Need to Go

One common issue that can require wisdom teeth removal is insufficient space in the jaw, which can lead wisdom teeth to become impacted. Impaction occurs when the teeth grow at an angle or don’t fully erupt, potentially causing pain, infection and damage to neighboring teeth. Wisdom teeth can also be challenging to clean properly, making them prone to decay and gum disease.

The Surgical Procedure

Wisdom tooth extraction is typically performed by an oral surgeon or a dentist with specialized training. Prior to the surgery, a thorough examination, including dental X-rays, is conducted to determine the tooth’s position and plan the extraction. The surgery is performed under local or general anesthesia, depending on the complexity of the case and the patient’s preference. During the procedure, an incision is made in the gum tissue to access the tooth.

In some cases, a portion of the bone covering the tooth may need to be removed. The tooth is then gently extracted, and the incision is sutured.

Recovery and Downtime

Following wisdom tooth extraction, it’s normal to experience swelling, discomfort and mild bleeding. Pain medication and ice packs can help alleviate these symptoms. Follow postoperative instructions such as maintaining proper oral hygiene and avoiding hard or chewy foods that can irritate the surgical site.

The recovery period varies from person to person, but it generally takes about a week to 10 days to resume normal activities. Most people can return to work or school within a few days, depending on their comfort level. Physical exercise and strenuous activities should be avoided for at least a week to ensure proper healing.

Final Considerations

Understanding wisdom teeth and the potential need for their removal is essential for all patients, including youth and parents. If you or your child experiences pain, swelling or other complications related to wisdom teeth, consulting with a dental professional is crucial. With proper care and guidance, the process of wisdom tooth extraction can be managed smoothly, leading to a healthier and happier smile.

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