Section 4, Chapter 2 Organic Molecules
Monomer
portion of a polymer
Covalent Bonds formed by Carbon
Atomic Number of Carbon = 6 2 electrons in 1st shell 4 electrons in 2nd shell Note there are 4 empty spaces in the 2nd shell available for covalent bonds.
hydrocarbon
Polymers and Monomers
Large organic molecules, called polymers,
consist of repeating subunits, called monomers.
Example: Starch is a polysaccharide composed
of many glucose molecules (monosaccharides) joined together.
4 major organic macromolecules, or polymers and their corresponding monomers.
Monomer
Polymer
Monosaccharide (simple sugars) Disaccharides (double sugars)
Polysaccharides (complex carbohydrates)
Amino Acids
Proteins
Fatty Acids + Glycerol
Fats* *Not truly a polymer
Nucleotides
Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates • Simple Carbohydrates = sugars • Monosaccharides • Disaccharides • Complex Carbohydrates • Also called Polysaccharides • Composed of several simple carbohydrates
Monosaccharides • Twice as many Hydrogen as Oxygen atoms • Example: Glucose (C6H12O6)
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Disaccharides • 2 monosaccharides bonded together
Polysaccharide • Built of simple carbohydrates
Examples Starch – easily digested Cellulose- Plant polysaccharide, indigestible by humans Glycogen – storage form of energy, synthesized by liver
Glycogen
Glycerol Molecule
OH (in red) represents sites of fatty acid attachments
Unsaturated fat