Anatomy & Physiology 102 Cardiovascular System
Section 6, Chapter 15
Arterial Divisions •Aorta - Main trunk of the systemic circulation. •Divisions of the aorta •Aortic root = attachment to heart •Ascending Aorta •Aortic arch •Thoracic aorta •Abdominal aorta
STRUCTURES AT AORTIC ROOT
1. Aortic Valve 2. Aortic Sinus - Swelling at aortic root 3. Aortic Bodies • Chemoreceptors - monitor CO2 & O2 levels in blood 4. Right and left coronary arteries
Coronary Arteries Right Coronary Artery branches • Posterior interventricular artery: • supplies walls of both ventricles •
Marginal artery: • supplies right atrium and right ventricle
Left Coronary Artery branches • Anterior interventricular artery: • supplies walls of both ventricles •
Circumflex Artery: • supplies left atrium and left ventricle Blocked coronary artery = myocardial infarction
Branches of Aortic Arch 1. Brachiocephalic artery • Right common carotid artery: supplies right neck and head • Right subclavian artery: supplies right arm
2. Left common carotid artery • supplies left neck and head
3. Left subclavian artery • Supplies left arm
Branches of Thoracic Aorta Grant’s Anatomy. Branches of the thoracic aorta
1. Bronchial Arteries – supplies bronchi 2. Pericardial artery – supplies pericardium 3. Esophageal arteries – supplies esophagus
Branches of Abdominal Aorta Phrenic arteries • supply diaphragm Celiac Trunk 1. Gastric a. - supply stomach 2. Splenic a. – supply spleen & pancreas 3. Hepatic a. – supplies liver with O2 blood Suprarenal a. a • Supplies adrenal glands Superior Mesenteric a. • Supplies small intestine
Branches of Abdominal Aorta Renal arteries • Supplies kidneys
Gonadal arteries. • Male = testicular arteries • Female = Ovarian arteries
Lumbar arteries • Supplies skin and muscles of lower back Inferior mesenteric artery • Supplies most of large intestine
Arteries to the Brain, Head, and Neck Divisions of Common Carotid Arteries 1. External Carotid Arteries • Supplies blood to face, neck, and scalp
2. Internal Carotid Arteries • Supplies blood to brain •
Provides 75% of blood to brain
Carotid Sinus - point of bifurcation • Carotid bodies – chemoreceptors • Carotid baroreceptors • Common site of stenosis (narrowing)
Arteries to the Brain, Head, and Neck Branches of Internal Carotid Artery 1. Ophthalmic artery • supplies eyes 2. Anterior cerebral artery • supplies medial surface of brain 3. Middle cerebral artery • Supplies lateral surface of brain
Internal carotid arteries
Arteries to the Brain, Head, and Neck Vertebral Arteries • Provides 25% of blood supply to brain • Branch from subclavian arteries • Pass through transverse foramen of cervical vertebrae •Enter skull through foramen magnum
Arteries to the Brain, Head, and Neck Basilar Artery • Both vertebral arteries merge to form a basilar artery at the base of the brain. • Supplies blood to brainstem • Branch: Posterior cerebral artery •Supplies occipital and temporal lobes
Arteries to the Brain, Head, and Neck Cerebral Arterial Circle (Circle of Willis) • Joins the internal carotid arteries with basilar artery at base of brain • Provides anastomoses (alternate routes) for blood flow
Arteries to the Shoulder and Upper Limb Axillary Artery • Arises from subclavian artery
Brachial Artery • Continuation of axillary artery • Used for measuring blood pressure
Ulnar Artery • Continues along medial arm to wrist
Radial Artery • Continues along lateral arm to wrist • Convenient vessel for taking your pulse
Veins that drain the head and neck External Jugular Veins • Drains blood from face, scalp, and neck
Internal Jugular Veins • Drains blood from brain and deep face • Arise from dural sinuses
Dural Venous Sinuses • Located between 2 layers of dura mater • Major CSF draining pathway from brain
Veins that drain the arm Ulnar & Radial Veins • drain forearm and hands • Merge for form brachial veins Basilic Vein • Located on medial aspect of arm • Joins the brachial vein near the axilla Axillary Vein • Formed from the merging of basilic and brachial veins Cephalic Vein • Courses upward on the lateral arm • Joins axillary vein to form subclavian vein Median Cubital Vein • Joins basilic and cephalic veins at elbow • Often the site of venipuncture
Hepatic Portal System Portal System – drains blood from one capillary bed into a second capillary bed.
Hepatic Portal Vein (HPV) • Carries nutrient rich blood from abdominal viscera to the liver for processing
Hepatic Portal System Tributaries of Hepatic Portal Vein • Gastric vein – blood from stomach • Splenic vein – blood from spleen & pancreas • Superior mesenteric vein – blood from small intestine • Inferior mesenteric vein – blood from large intestine
Pathway of Hepatic Portal System Abdominal Sinusoids viscera HPV of Liver
Hepatic Vein
Inferior Vena Cava
heart
End of Chapter 15