Absract Fluff in Flurry tackles two key urban problems for the present and future of large cities: energy and housing. The project proposes a series of residential towers partially covered with a piezo-electric skin which acts both as a source of energy for the inhabitants and canopy for the public areas connecting the various blocks. Piezo materials are not only used for their performative qualities, but also aesthetic and experiential ones: they provide a colorful, dynamic landscape exploited wind as an urban material. The research methodically utilized a series of advanced computational techniques to quantify wind pressure, employing as form finding devices, and explore it effect on matearials. Through a series of simulations ran at different scales, Fluff in Flurry manages to design an entire urban complexfrom the skin of the buildings to the overall organization of the tower – around issues of energy and wind.
02 WIND DYNAMIC
01.Project Background
02.01.01 General Site around London City Airport
Satellite Image site area 75m 0m
22
500m 150m
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02 WIND DYNAMIC 02.'Breeze Whisper'
02.01.01 Wind Speed Mapping
02 WIND DYNAMIC 02.'Breeze Whisper'
02.01.02 Simulation of Wind Flow
02 WIND DYNAMIC 02.‘Breeze Whispers’
02.02.02 Wind Speed Mapping
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02 WIND DYNAMIC 02.‘Breeze Whispers’
02.02.04 Special Strategy
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02 WIND DYNAMIC 02.‘Breeze Whispers’
02.02.05 Detailed Design Site
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02 WIND DYNAMIC 02.‘Breeze Whispers’
02.02.05 Detailed Design Site
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03 URBAN IMPLEMENTATION 02.Windscape
03.02.01 Progression
03.02.01 Progression
Cranes Portsmouth Mews Millenium Mills
The Britannia Village Hall
By extracting the area with certain wind speed, we got some wind trace from the local wind patten.
Brittannia Village Primary School Britannia Village Green
B P Silvertown Service Station
DLR Pontoon Dock
Thames Barrier Park
Lyle Park Barrier Point Bradfield Warehouse
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03 URBAN IMPLEMENTATION 01.Massing
03.01.01 Automatic Layout Generation
Our goal in conducting this study was to optimize the site layout of an innovative housing structure to balance energy-harvesting capability against other necessary qualities such as daylight, views, and access to natural ventilation. Since design simulation is always performed in relation to an idea of ‘success,’ defining success for each space provides a measurement that becomes the criterion for the design simulation efforts. Site planning and massing The site planning process initially involves massing the program into geometrical blocks driven by typology in Galapagos and Ladybug. This process involves linear, double-loaded residential towers which tend to set buildings between 45’ and 90’ wide. Most other typologies have standard widths and depths. A box model of one or more typical widths can be utilized to study skin-to-core depth, orientation, and the amount of wind pressure that is obtainable. The overall layout can then be used to calculate energy-harvesting capability and energy use.
Plot Ratio Average Sunlight Hours Total Number of Houses
3.20 2.56H 8400
Plot Ratio Average Sunlight Hours Total Number of Houses
3.90 2.99H 10206
Plot Ratio Average Sunlight Hours Total Number of Houses
3.70 3.91H 9702
Plot Ratio Average Sunlight Hours Total Number of Houses
3.82 3.59H 9407
Plot Ratio Average Sunlight Hours Total Number of Houses
3.82 2.59H 9408
Plot Ratio Average Sunlight Hours Total Number of Houses
3.702 2.62H 9828
Plot Ratio Average Sunlight Hours Total Number of Houses
3.92 2.90H 10248
Plot Ratio Average Sunlight Hours Total Number of Houses
2.58 2.61H 6762
Plot Ratio Average Sunlight Hours Total Number of Houses
3.02 3.09H 7896
Plot Ratio Average Sunlight Hours Total Number of Houses
4.11 4.11H 10752
Plot Ratio Average Sunlight Hours Total Number of Houses
3.82 2.67H 9996
Plot Ratio Average Sunlight Hours Total Number of Houses
3.69 2.82H 9960
Plot Ratio Average Sunlight Hours Total Number of Houses
3.77 2.98H 9870
Plot Ratio Average Sunlight Hours Total Number of Houses
2.76 2.97H 7224
Plot Ratio Average Sunlight Hours Total Number of Houses
3.72 3.81H 9744
Plot Ratio Average Sunlight Hours Total Number of Houses
3.37 2.83H 8820
Plot Ratio Average Sunlight Hours Total Number of Houses
4.24 3.02H 11088
Plot Ratio Average Sunlight Hours Total Number of Houses
2.15 2.66H 5628
Plot Ratio Average Sunlight Hours Total Number of Houses
3.82 3.59H 9407
Plot Ratio Average Sunlight Hours Total Number of Houses
2.54 3.83H 6636
Plot Ratio Average Sunlight Hours Total Number of Houses
2.73 2.53H 7140
Plot Ratio Average Sunlight Hours Total Number of Houses
2.15 2.66H 5628
Plot Ratio Average Sunlight Hours Total Number of Houses
2.02 2.70H 5292
Plot Ratio Average Sunlight Hours Total Number of Houses
4.17 3.79H 10920
Plot Ratio Average Sunlight Hours Total Number of Houses
2.82 3.80H 7392
Plot Ratio Average Sunlight Hours Total Number of Houses
3.56 2.87H 9324
Plot Ratio Average Sunlight Hours Total Number of Houses
3.11 2.82H 8148
Plot Ratio Average Sunlight Hours Total Number of Houses
3.35 2.03H 8778
Plot Ratio Average Sunlight Hours Total Number of Houses
4.56 3.79H 11928
Plot Ratio Average Sunlight Hours Total Number of Houses
1.70 3.17H 4452
Tower Building > 54m
block
Plot Ratio Average Sunlight Hours Total Number of Houses
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3.20 2.20H 8658
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03 URBAN IMPLEMENTATION 01.Massing
03.01.02 Solar Studies and Shading
In urban sites, shading from nearby buildings or other site features can affect solar irradiance in such a way that the building must be designed appropriately in response. We built our proposal with the ultimate goal of ensuring that residents will have quality housing well into the future, so shading goals should be set in relation to peak design goals to make the building as sustainable as possible. We combined Galapagos with Ladybug for the purposes of analysis; we used Ladybug to analyze each layout in real-time and screened the layout according to maximum sunlight hours and natural ventilation.
Shadow Range 48 - 2
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03 URBAN IMPLEMENTATION 01.Massing
03.01.03 Daylighting
Then we started to reduce the amount of the outcomes by obsoleting those ones with weak environmental performance. We firstly did the shadow range analysis, and calculate the total area on the ground with shadow. Thus, some of the outcomes were obsoleted due to the large shadow area which is not good for people's activities in the community.
Sunlight Hours Analysis 48 - 2
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03 URBAN IMPLEMENTATION 01.Massing
03.01.04 CFD Wind Pressure Calculation
Low-energy projects in climates such as London’s, which features mild conditions during sizable portions of the year, often employ natural ventilation to provide cooling and allow fresh air to flow through the structure. Because wind provides the energy source in the proposed design, we ran a second screening: We input the overall layout into CFD to determine how much of the building’s surroundings were necessary to consider in order to ensure a reasonable prediction of the wind pressure coefficient. Finally, the surface with maximum wind pressure was established as the building’s energy-generation capacity. Wind conditions were accounted for throughout the design process with the same simulation tools. By working through loops of simulation test-design optimization, we designed a housing community in harmony with its natural environment and able to generate its own energy by harvesting wind power.
6-story 13 24-story 30 54 story 7 Total Pressure Result 24582.74 Pa
6-story 10 24-story 16 54 story 6 Total Pressure Result 15966.24 Pa
6-story 13 24-story 22 54 story 5 Total Pressure Result 17604.71 Pa
6-story 23 24-story 20 54 story 8 Total Pressure Result 17459.95 Pa
6-story 23 24-story 13 54 story 4 Total Pressure Result 14268.14 Pa
6-story 15 24-story 25 54 story 4 Total Pressure Result 19888.23 Pa
6-story 7 24-story 27 54 story 7 Total Pressure Result 17370.87 Pa
6-story 25 24-story 16 54 story 7 Total Pressure Result 14912.20 Pa
6-story 27 24-story 16 54 story 6 Total Pressure Result 16795.85 Pa
6-story 25 24-story 16 54 story 7 Total Pressure Result 20214.34 Pa
6-story 26 24-story 14 54 story 8 Total Pressure Result 20691.04 Pa
6-story 13 24-story 30 54 story 7t Total Pressure Result 24582.74 Pa
6-story 23 24-story 20 54 story 9 Total Pressure Result 22106.05 Pa
6-story 14 24-story 32 54 story 10 Total Pressure Result 30906.99 Pa
6-story 15 24-story 30 54 story 11 Total Pressure Result 22731.36 Pa
Velocity 70 60 40 20 0 -20 -40 -60 -70
Pressure 70 60 40 20 0 -20 -40 -60 -70
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6-story 13 24-story 12 54 story 3 Total Pressure Result 13762.87 Pa
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03 URBAN IMPLEMENTATION 02.Windscape
03.02.01 Progression
Millenium Mills Redeveloping
03.02.01 ProgressionHaving extracted the wind trace, we transformed it into the paths which divided the site into several areas. We tried to make the path connecting to the northern side(where have many existing urban infrustructure to serve the new community) and the southern side in order to provide closer connection to the water.
New Silvertown Redevelopment area Britania Village Center Bradfield Village Living Area
Pontoon Dock Accessing to Thames Barrier Park
Lyle Park
New Dock Area Developing Warehouse Area Demolishing
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03 URBAN IMPLEMENTATION 02.Windscape
03.02.02 Masterplan 10m 0m
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70m 30m
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03 URBAN IMPLEMENTATION 02.Windscape
03.02.03 Vertical Analysis
D.
C.
Landscape Morphology A Accelerating wind speed to improve the pressure on the facades
Landscape Morphology B
A.
Ground Level Wind Condition Landscape Morphology A
Landscape Morphology B
Creating lower ground space with weak wind as outdoor leisure area.
Landscape Morphology C
Landscape Morphology C
Enhancing the air flow inside the valley, improve the generation efficiency of piezoelectric material on the ground.
Landscape Morphology D
Landscape Morphology D
C o sta l s l o p e i s b e n ef i c i a l fo r w i n d harvesting of the piezoelectric furs on the facade and ground.
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03 URBAN IMPLEMENTATION 02.Windscape
03.02.05 Prototype Strategies
Prototype A
The frame fabric enveloping the ground and buildings provide various functions. Firstly, it can be topped with plastic film which can create a semi-open space for people; Secondly, the piezoelectric furs can be put onto the fabric to harvest wind.
Prototype B
The vertical screens on the ground is a real-time dynamic wind generator using piezoelectric material, which will change the direction to keep itself facing the current wind direction.
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04 BUILDING SCALE 01.Design Approach
Energy Strategy
Energy Strategy (1) Particle-based Simulation
(2) Configuration Pixelating
(3) Triangle Panels and Piezoelectric Fabric
By using Realflow, we can generate some columnar configuration which is formed under the influence of wind and turbulance.
The series of configuration were pixelated into the towers which were composed of 3 meter by 3 meter cubes, in order to fit the housing units' size and living scale.
Basing on the solid planes around the building, we transformed it into panels with different size of void in between, which depends on the wind simulation results of the pressure on the planes.The amount of the piezoelectric furs on each panal is proportional with the size of void in on the panels
(1) Housing Units Generation
(2) Housing Units Integration
(3) Interior Space Detailing
The basic housing units are consist of 3*3*3 meter cubes which were generated from cellular automata algorithm. The integration value (total area divide total volume) and cube amount of each unit are used as criteria to choose proper ones from the massing outcomes.
The units developed in the last part are used as materials to be placed in the configuration and tried to keep the general shape of the tower in order to keep the high wind pressure of this configuration as well as guaranteeing the proper living space inside the configurations.
After the basic units were placed inside the configuration, next we did detail design for the interior space which on the one hand, can enrich living experience of the residents; On the other hand, some part of the inner space can also used as the place for energy generation.
Phase_02 Voxel Units
Phase_03 Triangle Panels & Piezoelectric Fabric
Phase_02 Housing Units Integration
Phase_03 Interior Space Detailing
Housing Strategy
Housing Strategy
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Phase_01 Configuration from Realflow
Phase_01 Housing Units Generation
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04 BUILDING SCALE 02.Design Energy
04.02.01 Wind Effected Building Configuration
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Frame_054
Frame_054
Frame_054
shape_01
shape_02
shape_03
Frame_054
Frame_054
Frame_054
shape_04
shape_05
shape_06
Process of One Configuration
Comparation of Six Configurations
This image illustrates the generation process of one wind-effected configuration. A volum of particles, initially embodied within a cubic shpe, evolve gradually towards an unanticipated morphologies with the settings of diverse parameters that could be seen as creating an amplified influence of some air flow.
This image exhibits a series of distinct configurations generated mainly by changing the positions and strengths of parameters such as voxel, noise, viscosity etc.. In this way, those configurations are not only the products that are moulded by the wind, but also refer to different wind condition of a certain period of time.
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04 BUILDING SCALE
02.Simulation for Configuration
04.02.01 Wind Effected Building Configuration
Frame_005
Frame_010
Frame_015
Frame_020
Frame_025
Frame_035
Mapping Particle Movement Data Three Frames 5, 35, 55 Grasshopper Algorithms
Frame_045
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Frame_055
Frame_065
This image is drawn by using three frames of the simulation. The position of each particle if recorded in Realflow and the trajectory is mapped in Grasshopper algorithmic modeling. The gradient color sets of the circles exhibite the positions of particles at different stage. The mesh is the final form of the fluid at frame 55.
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04 BUILDING SCALE 02.Design Energy
Phase_01 Wrapped Panels
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Phase_02 Spatial Pressure Values
Phase_03 Pressure Values on Panels
Phase_03 Opening Sized by Pressure
Phase_03 "Energy Fur" on Panels
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04 BUILDING SCALE 02.Design Energy
04.02.04 Skin construction system
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04 Building Scale 03.Housing Unit
04.03.04 Integration
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04 BUILDING SCALE 03.Housing Unit
04.03.03 Optimization
Having experimented the "Game of Life" algorithm, we then used the parameter which could produce the cubes properly for housing to create the housing units. We still used the 3D algorithm and limited it in a 12m*12m*12m three dementional grid. The minimum unit is 3m*3m*3m cube. As a result, we got a great deal of outcomes with different configuration of the cubes. Then we evaluated them and wanted to choose a group of outcomes to construct the tower.
3m 3m
12m
3m 3m
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04 BUILDING SCALE 03.Housing Unit
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04 BUILDING SCALE 03.Housing Unit
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04 BUILDING SCALE 03.Housing Unit
Level 17 6 Units 11 Apartments
04.03.04 Integration
Having integrated the housing units into the tower, we then organized the transport and circulation inside the building, including the major vertical transportation, which is placed in the center of the tower; and the corridors that connect the centeral transportation area with the flat. The corridors are also works as the wind tunnel which can enhance the vantilation inside the tower.
Level 18 6 Units 11 Apartments
Level 19 5 Units 13 Apartments
Level 20 6 Units 11 Apartments
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04 BUILDING SCALE 03.Housing Unit
04.03.05 Detail Design |4-flour Plan
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Level 17 0m 3m
6m
Level 19 0m 3m
6m
Level 18 0m 3m
6m
Level 20 0m 3m
6m
125
04 BUILDING SCALE 03.Housing Unit
04.03.05 Detail Design |Photos of 4-flour Model
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04 BUILDING SCALE 03.Housing Unit
04.03.05 Detail Design |Interior of Building with "Energy Fur" on Panel
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05 Material Research 02.Energy Generator
05.02.02 Fur Qualitative Research
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155
05 Material Research
02.Piezoelectric Material
05.01.02 Origami
Structure Diagram
Physical Model
Front Isometric View
Responsive Oragami Facade
Wind Speed
Rachet
Angle of Rotation 0
o
Pin
Angle of Rotation 30
o
Board 01
Angle of Rotation 45
o
Board 02
Angle of Rotation 60
o
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05 Material Research
02.Piezoelectric Material
05.02.01 Origami |Model of Responsive Origami
Open
Semi-open
Closed
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05 Material Research 02.Energy Generator
05.02.03 Fur Quantitative Research
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05 Material Research 02.Energy Generator
SUM 3289.035
SUM 3731.532
10 cm
10 cm
10 cm
5 cm
5 cm
5 cm
0 cm
0 cm 30
60
90
120
150
60
120
150
30
10 cm
10 cm
5 cm
5 cm
0 cm
0 cm 150
60
90
120
150
30
SUM 3522.904
10 cm
5 cm
5 cm
0 cm
0 cm 150
60
90
120
150
30
SUM 4032.127
10 cm
10 cm
5 cm
5 cm
0 cm
0 cm 150
60
90
120
150
SUM 3288.285
10 cm
10 cm
5 cm
5 cm
0 cm
0 cm 120
150
60
90
120
150
30
SUM 4096.420
10 cm
10 cm
5 cm
5 cm
0 cm
0 cm 150
Frame 150
90
120
150
120
150
120
150
Base Width Length
200 per m2 0.5 cm 15.0 cm
90
SUM 4619.974
5 cm
120
Frame 120
Tip Width 3.0 Length 50
10 cm
Tip Width 2.0 Length 60
60
Tip Width 2.5 Length 50
SUM 3985.946
90
Frame 90
0 cm 30
Tip Width 2.0 Length 50
60
Frame 60
SUM 4002.909
5 cm
30
60
Tip Width 3.0 Length 40
10 cm
90
Frame 30
Density 30
Tip Width 2.5 Length 40
SUM 3782.503
60
150
0 cm 30
Tip Width 2.0 Length 40
30
120
SUM 4720.909
5 cm
120
90 Tip Width 3.0 Length 30
10 cm
90
60
Tip Width 2.5 Length 30
SUM 3486.912
60
150
0 cm 30
Tip Width 2.0 Length 30
30
120
SUM 3073.722
10 cm
120
90 Tip Width 3.0 Length 20
5 cm
90
60
Tip Width 2.5 Length 20
10 cm
60
150
0 cm 30
SUM 3476.033
30
120
SUM 4073.747
5 cm
120
90 Tip Width 3.0 Length 10
10 cm
90
60
SUM 3699.904
Tip Width 2.0 Length 20
158
90 Tip Width 2.5 Length 10
SUM 3576.033
60
0.5 cm 1.0 cm 15.0 cm
0 cm 30
Tip Width 2.0 Length 10
30
Tip Width Base Width Length
SUM 3839.053
0 cm 30
60
90 Tip Width 2.5 Length 60
120
150
30
60
90 Tip Width 3.0 Length 60
159
05 Material Research 02.Energy Generator
160
161
06 Appendix
02.Computation
06.02.03 Evolutionary Morphogensis
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06 Appendix
02.Computation
06.02.04 Housing Complex Generation
06 Appendix
02.Computation
06.02.05 Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation Result
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Appendix 06 Appendix
02.Computation 02.Computation
06.02.05 Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation Result 06.02.05 Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation Result
178 178
179
06 Appendix
03.Non-Architecture
06.03.02 Animation of Interactive Screen
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