March 2013

Groundwater Awareness Week is good for your business, page 16

JOURNAL JOURNAL

March 2013

A PUBLICATION OF THE NATIONAL GROUND WATER ASSOCIATION

Solvent Safety Protect yourself and the aquifer from hazardous chemicals, page 19 Also inside: — Mud and Membranes, page 23 — Life Cycle Costs, page 40

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JOURNAL

Vol. 67, No. 3 March 2013 www.waterwelljournal.com

A PUBLICATION OF THE NATIONAL GROUND WATER ASSOCIATION

FEATURED ARTICLES 19 Solvent Safety

By Jennifer Strawn

Protect yourself and the aquifer from exposure to hazardous chemicals.

23 Mud and Membranes

By Michael Schnieders, PG, PH-GW

Sediment influence on membrane treatment systems 29 No Shortcuts

By Jaynie Whinnery

A case study in rural Kenya provides the benefits of an economic cost-benefit analysis of water well construction alternatives.

52 State Roundup: Putting on Valued Events

By Jennifer Michel

A lot of work goes into putting on events for the Colorado Water Well Contractors Association.

Page 19

IN EVERY ISSUE

DEPARTMENTS In This Issue Industry Newsline The Log Web Notes Coming Events Newsmakers Featured Products Taking Delivery Classified Marketplace Index of Advertisers Closing Time

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6 Editor’s Note Is Your Message Getting Through?

ION IATION OCIAT ASS ASSOC

About the cover A geothermal system upgrade project takes place in Glen Cove, New York. The upgrade included the construction of one new supply well, rehabilitation of an existing supply well, construction of four new diffusion wells, and the abandonment of five existing wells. Delta Well and Pump Co. Inc. of Ronkonkoma, New York, was the drilling contractor and P.W. Grosser Consulting of Bohemia, New York, was the design/consulting engineer on the job.

Photo submitted by Nicholas Kelly of P.W. Grosser Consulting. ®

The Water Well Journal (ISSN #0043-1443) is published monthly by the National Ground Water Association, 601 Dempsey Rd., Westerville, OH 43081.

Printed and mailed at Beaver Dam, Wisconsin, and additional mailing offices. Postal acceptance: Periodical (requester subscription circulation) postage paid at Westerville, Ohio, and at additional mailing offices.

Postmaster: Send address changes to Water Well Journal, 601 Dempsey Rd., Westerville, OH 43081.

Canada Post/ Publications Mail Agreement #40739533. Return address: 4960-2 Walker Rd., Windsor, ON N9A 6J3.

Twitter @WaterWellJournl

Water Well Journal March 2013 3/

JOURNAL A PUBLICATION OF THE NATIONAL GROUND WATER ASSOCIATION

Advancing the expertise of groundwater professionals and furthering groundwater awareness.

Chief Executive Officer Kevin McCray, CAE kmccray@ngwa.org NGWA President Dan Meyer, MGWC, CVCLD Director of Publications/Editor Thad Plumley tplumley@ngwa.org Water Well Journal Editorial Review Board Art Becker, MGWC, CPG; Tom Christopherson; Don Harvard; Dan Milan; Roger Renner, MGWC; John Schnieders, Ph.D., and Robert Sterrett, Ph.D. Associate Editor Mike Price

mprice@ngwa.org

Copyeditor Wayne Beatty

wbeatty@ngwa.org

Production and Design Janelle McClary jmcclary@ngwa.org Advertising Shelby Fleck Vickie Wiles

sfleck@ngwa.org vwiles@ngwa.org

Circulation Coordinator Katie Neer kneer@ngwa.org Contributing Writers Ed Butts, PE, CPI; Donald W. Gregory; William J. Lynott; Julie Hansen; Christine Reimer; Al Rickard, CAE; Ron Slee; Lana Straub; Jennifer Strawn; and Alexandra Walsh Editorial, Advertising, & Publishing Offices 601 Dempsey Rd., Westerville, OH 43081 (800) 551-7379 Fax: (614) 898-7786 Selected content from Water Well Journal is indexed on Ground Water On-Line™ at www.NGWA.org/gwonline ©Copyright 2013 by the National Ground Water Association. All rights reserved.

An APEX award winner 10 consecutive years with 22 total awards, most in the groundwater industry.

4/ March 2013 Water Well Journal

Page 23

FEATURED COLUMNISTS 36 Safety Matters by Victor D’Amato, CIH, CSP, and Michael McCullion, ARM, CSP Hot Topic It’s critical to know the welding process and how to remain safe at the job site.

40 Engineering Your Business by Ed Butts, PE, CPI Life Cycle Costs Why You Should Care, Part 2

44 People at Work by Alexandra Walsh Handling Employee Complaints Upset employees impact company morale so managers should take action.

46 ACT Like a Sales Pro by Julie Hansen Harnessing the Power of Stories A good salesperson has a good tale to tell.

48 The After Market by Ron Slee Customer Service and Customer Satisfaction Let the customer design their own customer service delivery system.

The views expressed in the columns are the authors’ opinions based on their professional experience.

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EDITOR’S

NOTE

Is Your Message Getting Through? recently sat in on a Webinar about writing that would have been perfect for you.

The title was “Write for Readability”—but I’m not concerned about you brushing up on nouns, verbs, and adjectives. There won’t be a test at the end.

At the heart of the hour was this— getting through to your audience. And I think you’ll agree that’s critical whether you’re writing for your Web site or talking to a customer in their family room.

Discussed were programs that measure average number of characters and syllables in words. Also analyzed were average words in sentences and sentences in paragraphs.

A written message is best retained when its words average five characters or less and two syllables or less. Fourteen words or less is the goal for sentences, with paragraphs having no more than three sentences.

Sound too simplistic? Thinking maybe it’s okay for a book for tween girls, but not an ad about your company’s well drilling services? Well, the Wall Street Journal hits those goals with its articles every day.

And I know what you do is complex, but admit it. It’s a whole new level of complexity when you’re trying to explain the U.S. economy.

The Webinar’s instructor put it this way: Professors at Harvard University can read at a very high level, but that doesn’t mean they always want to do so.

So what about your company? Does your Web site explain what you do

I

where the average homeowner can understand it—and more importantly recall it? Or does the site look more like a study guide for certification testing?

When you’re talking to a customer, is your message to the point or does it sound more like a lecture for industry professionals?

When a customer is out of water, they don’t want you to recite the 48 slides you saw at the pump hammer workshop. They want an explanation of what happened and what it will take to resolve the problem. And they want it simple and sweet.

At the end of the day, all the customer really wants is their water and they want to know why you’re the best contractor to provide it.

This doesn’t mean writing or talking down to people. It simply means giving customers a message they can understand.

Go back and look at your Web site.

Read your product brochures again.

Practice your sales talk one more time.

Better yet, give the talk to a friend who doesn’t know the industry as well as you, and see if they understand it.

That is a test, and it’s one you can’t afford to fail.

Thad Plumley is the editor of WWJ and director of publications at the National Ground Water Association. He can be reached at tplumley@ngwa.org and on Twitter @WaterWellJournl.

Advertise your products and services to the groundwater industry’s most influential readership.

Call Shelby Fleck and Vickie Wiles in the NGWA sales department at (800) 551-7379. ● ● ●

Shelby Fleck

Approximately 25,000 readers every month.

More than 19,000 are groundwater contractors. Approximately 4000 reside in professions also allied to the field.

Readers reside in every state, Canada, and other international locations.

Disclaimer Water Well Journal and the National Ground Water Association provide information for guidance and information purposes only. This publication is not intended to provide investment, tax, or legal advice.

The information contained herein has been compiled from sources deemed reliable and it is accurate to the best of our knowledge and belief; however, Water Well Journal and the National Ground Water Association cannot guarantee as to its accuracy, completeness, and validity and cannot be held liable for any errors or omissions. All information contained herein should be independently verified and confirmed.

Water Well Journal and the National Ground Water Association do not accept any liability for any loss or damage howsoever caused in reliance upon such information.

Reader agrees to assume all risk resulting from the application of any of the information provided by Water Well Journal and the National Ground Water Association.

Trademarks and copyrights mentioned within Water Well Journal are the ownership of their respective companies. The names of products and services presented are used only in an educational fashion and to the benefit of the trademark and copyright owner, with no intention of infringing on trademarks or copyrights.

No endorsement of any third-party products or services is expressed or implied by any information, material, or content referred to in the Water Well Journal.

Subscriptions/Back Issues For questions, changes or problems with your subscription call Katie McKee. Subscriptions: Water well contractors and other qualified groundwater industry personnel in U.S. and Canada — free; others in U.S. — $115 per year; $15 per copy. Canada – $135 per year; $24 per copy. International: $150 per year; $35 per copy. Subscriptions available through NGWA offices only. We reserve the right to refuse subscriptions to anyone not directly engaged in the groundwater industry. Claims for missing issues must be made in writing within three months of publication and will be subject to the availability of back issues.

Advertising Disclaimer Advertisers and advertising agencies assume liability for all content (including text, representation, and illustrations) of advertisements printed and also assume responsibility for any claims arising therefrom made against the publisher. The publisher reserves the right to reject any advertising that it believes is not in keeping with the publication's standards or is deemed unsuitable or misleading.

Vickie Wiles

6/ March 2013 Water Well Journal

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IN THIS

T

ISSUE

he March issue of Water Well Journal focuses on water quality and water treatment. There are multiple feature articles focusing on protecting water well systems.

The first, “Solvent Safety� by freelance writer Jennifer Strawn on page 19, points out that solvents are everywhere and it’s important when working near them—whether on the job site or in the shop—to take precautions to keep yourself as well as the aquifer you’re drilling into safe. She makes clear that when exposed Jennifer Strawn to solvents through inhaling, absorption, or ingestion, they can be harmful to your health. Strawn talks about the different exposure levels and protective equipment that should be worn and used when working with solvents.

She also provides tips on ways to make sure you protect the aquifer from solvents, pointing out that when working on environmental or industrial sites, you want to work from the cleanest area to the dirtiest and from the outside of the plume in to prevent accidently contaminating clean areas.

Freelance writer Michael Schnieders PG, PH-GW, covers sediment and its impacts on water quality in “Mud and Membranes� on page 23. He says the challenges of surface water treatment by sediment are well established, but groundwater quality and treatment is not so well understood. He goes over the impacts of poor well development and sediment infil-

tration on water treatment efforts and effective tests that can be used to monitor sedimentation. He says proper sediment monitoring and maintenance in the well should be employed to maintain the well and reduce the potential for adverse effects on the treatment system. Additional testing can help paint a more accurate picture of the general health of the water and overall produced water quality.

Michael Schnieders, PG, PH-GW

Author Jaynie Whinnery provides an economic cost-benefit analysis that considers the differences between properly and inferiorly constructed and maintained groundwater wells.

The article, titled “No Short Cuts� and starting on page 29, focuses on developing countries, using rural Kenya as a case study. Whinnery Jaynie Whinnery states that the life span of the well, the number of beneficiaries, project expenses, environmental and health consequences, and other economic factors can be impacted when short cuts are taken. Whinnery’s results highlight the importance of proper construction, operation, and maintenance of a new water well system.

Engineering Your Business columnist Ed Butts, PE, CPI, continues his series on life cycle cost evaluation with “Why You Should Care, Part 2� on page 40. The series opened

Submit your NGWA award nominations today!

Who inspires you?

NGWAÂŽ awards honor the best of the best and cover all sectors of the groundwater industry.

s NGWA Awards of Excellence s Outstanding Groundwater Project Awards s NGWA Divisional Awards

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waterwelljournal.com

IN THIS

ISSUE

with a discussion on the need of a life cycle cost evaluation of a pumping plant and why you should be familiar with the process of calculating one. This article explores the various components used in the analysis. Covered are initial costs of the plant, installation costs, energy costs, and operational costs.

Butts points out that when factoring these costs there are certainly some obvious ones, but there can be some not too obvious items that have to be accounted for too—such as the system engineering and design, equipment shipping and freight charges, electrical switchgear and motor controllers, purchasing and administration costs, and any needed spare parts.

The latest installment of the Safety Matters column focuses on keeping safe at the job site when welding. Columnists Victor D’Amato, CIH, CSP, and Michael McCullion, ARM, CSP, point out in “Hot Topic” on page 36 that welding presents several health hazards, including possible exposures to welding fumes, particulates, and gases. They go over how welding works, characteristics of its emissions, how to monitor exposure on the job site, and how to control and prevent exposures. They conclude by stressing that one solution does not fit all for welding operations, that ongoing service and maintenance is critical, and that training and education is the key.

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Water Well Journal March 2013 9/

INDUSTRY

NEWSLINE

Bilfinger Signs Agreement to Acquire Johnson Screens Engineering and services group Bilfinger has signed an agreement to acquire filtration specialists Johnson Screens. Combining these activities with activities that already exist in the group leads to the creation of a leading global supplier of components and services in nearly all areas of water and wastewater technology.

Johnson Screens was founded in 1904 in Minnesota. It generates an annual output volume of about $213 million with 1200 employees. The acquisition allows Bilfinger to double its output volume in the water and wastewater sector to more than $399 million.

Bilfinger SE is an international engineering and services group. With the comprehensive technological expertise and experience of its more than 65,000 employees, the company offers customized services for industrial facilities, power plants, real estate, and infrastructure.

10/ March 2013 Water Well Journal

At 11 locations around the world, Johnson Screens manufactures screens and components for the separation of solids from liquids and gases and provides associated services. The products are used in water and wastewater, refining and petrochemical, food and beverage processing, pulp and paper processing, mineral processing, and architectural industries.

The company’s most important markets are North America, Europe, and the Asia-Pacific region. The third edition of Groundwater & Wells, edited by Robert Sterrett, Ph.D., PG, of the Johnson Division, is a main staple of reading for those who work in the groundwater industry.

Weatherford International Ltd., a global provider in oil and natural gas equipment and services, is focusing on its core business and is therefore parting with its water technology activities. The two parties have agreed not to disclose details of the purchase price. The acquisition is subject to approval from the

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relevant antitrust authorities. The management of Johnson Screens welcomes the acquisition and will remain with the company.

Upon completion of the acquisition of Johnson Screens, Bilfinger will gain access to new markets and manufacturing capacities in important growth regions. Both the product lines and the geographical presence ideally complement existing group activities, leading to synergies in technology and sales.

Groundwater Levels Decline in Western and Central Kansas Average groundwater levels across western and central Kansas showed significant declines for the second consecutive year, according to preliminary data compiled by the Kansas Geological Survey, based at the University of Kansas.

In early January 2013, the KGS and the Division of Water Resources of the Kansas Department of Agriculture measured water levels in 1400 water

NEWS/continues on page 12

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NEWS/from page 10 wells in 47 western and central Kansas counties to document the changes in groundwater levels during 2012.

The KGS and DWR monitor the wells annually. Most are used for irrigation, although some are stock or abandoned wells. No domestic wells are monitored.

Water levels in the network declined on average a little more than 2 feet during 2012, following a 2.25-foot drop the year before. As drought conditions continued, regional declines ranged from

1.4 feet in the northwest to 3.56 feet in the southwest.

“Nearly the entire state experienced lower than average precipitation during the 2012 May to July growing season,” said Brownie Wilson, KGS water-data manager, “and areas with the greatest increases in water demands due to drought also saw the most extreme groundwater level declines.”

Prolonged pumping to compensate for the lack of precipitation, not the lack of precipitation itself, has the biggest impact on groundwater levels, he said.

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The physical attributes of the state’s aquifers also influence their long-term sustainability.

Ninety percent of the wells measured by the KGS and DWR draw from the High Plains aquifer system—a network of underground water-bearing formations, consisting of porous rock and unconsolidated materials, that includes the extensive Ogallala aquifer.

“The High Plains aquifer varies significantly from place to place in depth, thickness, and water-producing capacity,” Wilson said.

Wells measured by the KGS and DWR that do not produce water from the High Plains aquifer are drilled into deeper aquifer systems, such as the Dakota, or shallower aquifers along creeks and rivers.

Most of the 1400 wells in the network are within the boundaries of the state’s five Groundwater Management Districts (GMDs), which are organized and governed by area landowners and large-scale water users to address waterresource issues.

The average water level for the entire network has dropped about 14 feet since 1996, with declines in the northwest, west-central, and southwest Kansas GMDs about 10 to 30 times greater than in the south-central Kansas GMDs. Ann Bleed, Ph.D., PE, delivered the keynote address at the 2012 NGWA Conference on Great Plains Aquifers: Beyond the Ogallala, in Omaha, Nebraska. Bleed focused on the challenges of water scarcity made increasingly more complex by interstate transfers of water, compacts, and decrees and the need for creativity in finding places to help mitigate increasing demand.

She posed the questions “Can we meet our future challenges by traditional means?” and “How do groundwater scientists see their roles in meeting these challenges?” Bleed also shared insight into using the legal system to allocate and manage groundwater. Generally the legal system does not work well in controlling natural resources since groundwater and surface water boundaries do not coincide and win-lose lawsuits are not conducive to finding solutions.

waterwelljournal.com

New Construction Starts Climbed 23% in December New construction starts in December 2012 climbed 23% at a seasonally adjusted annual rate, McGraw-Hill Construction reported on January 23, based on data it collected.

Housing starts are important to the water well industry as they can indicate possible construction of new water well systems.

McGraw-Hill reported: “The sharp increase for total construction followed two months of lackluster activity, as several very large projects in December helped to lift the pace of contracting.

By major sector, substantial gains in December were reported for nonresidential building (33%) and nonbuilding construction (42%), while housing maintained the steady upward trend (6%) that’s been present for much of the past year. For all of 2012, total construction starts grew 6%, a moderate yet stronger rate of increase than what took place during 2010 (up 2%) and 2011 (up 1%).”

Residential building starts jumped 29% for the full year. “Single family housing in 2012 climbed 29% in dollar terms, versus the 3% decline that was reported for 2011. Multifamily housing advanced 30%, showing additional growth on top of increases in 2010 (up 21%) and 2011 (up 34%).”

Nonbuilding starts edged up 2%.

“Electric utility construction advanced 9%, showing further growth on top of the 53% increase reported for 2011.

Public works construction settled back 1%, a much less severe drop than the 14% decline reported in 2011.”

Nonresidential building starts fell 9%. However, square footage for nonresidential buildings rose 4%. “The institutional categories fell a combined 12%, a bit steeper than the 11% slide reported for 2011, with educational buildings down 14% and healthcare facilities down 6%.

The manufacturing plant category for the full year 2012 plunged 33%, retreating after the 80% gain reported in 2011 that reflected groundbreaking for a $3 billion coal-to-gasoline plant and two large semiconductor plants. The commercial sector in 2012 grew 5%, not as

large as the 15% gain reported for 2011, but still expansion.

Moderate growth in 2012 was registered by stores, up 10%; hotels, up 14%; and warehouses, up 15%. However, office construction in 2012 slipped back 7%, given the comparison to 2011 which included the start of a $1.1 billion government data center in Utah.”

The December Architectural Billings Index score was 52, the fifth consecutive reading above 50, but down from 53.2 in November, The American Institute of Architects reported on January 23. “This score reflects an increase

in demand for design services.” Any score above 50 indicates an increase in billings. All four practice specialties reported a rise, based on three-month moving averages: commercial/industrial, 53.4; mixed practice, 53; institutional, 50.9; and multifamily residential, 50.5. Sustained ABI scores above 50 are a favorable indicator for future demand for construction.

Seasonally adjusted nonfarm payroll employment rose from November to December in 27 states and the District

NEWS/continues on page 14

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Water Well Journal March 2013 13/

NEWS/from page 13 of Columbia and shrank in 23 states, the Bureau of Labor Statistics reported on January 18.

Compared with December 2011, jobs increased in 44 states and fell in six states plus Washington, D.C., according to the Associated General Contractors of America. Construction employment rose for the month in 33 states plus D.C. and dropped in 17 states, an AGC analysis showed. Year-over-year construction employment increased in 24 states plus D.C., decreased in 24 states, and held

steady in Vermont and West Virginia.

The number of states adding overall nonfarm or construction jobs yearover-year was the largest since March.

Nebraska added the highest percentage of construction jobs in 2012 (10.1%), followed by Washington, D.C. (7.3%), Texas (6.6%), Hawaii (6.5%) and Washington (6.5%). Texas added the most construction jobs over the past 12 months (36,800), followed by California (24,450).

Rhode Island lost the highest percentage (–6.7%), followed by Delaware (–5.8%). New York lost the most jobs

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(–8600), followed by Pennsylvania (–7700 jobs).

NSF International Issues First Australian WaterMark Certification for 3M NSF International, a global independent public health organization that writes standards, and tests and certifies products for the water, food, and consumer goods industries, has certified 3M’s commercial foodservice filtration systems to the Australian WaterMark Certification Scheme for plumbing, water treatment, and distribution products. 3M’s commercial foodservice filtration systems are the first to earn certification from NSF International, enabling 3M to distribute its product to the Australian market.

WaterMark certification is required for products to be legally installed in the water supply system in Australia and New Zealand. To earn WaterMark certification, 3M’s commercial foodservice filtration systems were subject to rigorous material safety, performance, and structural integrity testing. NSF auditors also conducted an audit of 3M’s manufacturing facility to verify product formulations, suppliers, and quality assurance/quality control records and that only authorized materials were used to manufacture the product.

NSF International is the only U.S. certification body to earn JAS-ANZ (Joint Accreditation System of Australia & New Zealand) accreditation and offers certification to the WaterMark Certification Scheme as part of its NSF Passport Program. NSF began offering this program in 2011 to help companies achieve product certifications required in major and emerging global markets such as Australia, Brazil, China, France, Italy, Japan, UK, and many others.

The NSF Passport Program provides companies with a single point of contact to help navigate the various regulatory, testing, and certification requirements for drinking water treatment, distribution, and plumbing products in various countries. By doing so, NSF is able to streamline multiple country approval projects from the initial application to final approval, which reduces testing costs and a product’s time to market.

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THE

LOG

NEWS FROM THE NATIONAL GROUND WATER ASSOCIATION

Groundwater Awareness Week Is Good for Your Business

Recently, a well owner called NGWA with questions. His well’s recovery time had worsened over the years and he did not know what to do. After explaining some possible causes, I referred him to the NGWA® WellOwner.org Web site for more information and suggested he use the site’s Contractor Lookup function to find someone to inspect his well.

His relief and gratitude were unmistakable. “This information is really helpful. I wasn’t sure what to do. I really appreciate it!” he said, encouraged.

Similarly, National Groundwater Awareness Week (March 10-16) is a chance for you to educate the public about groundwater and wells, and in the process showcase your expertise, professionalism, and concern for the public’s welfare. As you provide news the public can use, you may find well owners knocking at your door with business.

Part of the Awareness Week message is to communicate the value of groundwater. Awareness Week also is a great time to stress the importance of proper

well construction, regular well maintenance and water testing, and water treatment if necessary. This practical information is custom-made for your target market—the private well owner.

By sharing your expertise with the public, you are marketing your company. This often translates into business.

For example: • One NGWA member in Minnesota has done radio interviews and presentations at civic club meetings, resulting in both connections and business.

• Another member in Illinois has used pre-produced radio spots during Awareness Week, resulting in customers.

• A number of NGWA contractors have promoted Awareness Week on their company Web sites and Facebook pages, reaching both current and prospective customers.

So how do you begin? Just go to www.NGWA.org, click on the “Media Center,” and there you can click on “Awareness Week.”

Once you arrive on the Awareness Week Web page, look over all the content under “Awareness Week” in the left-hand navigation bar, but particularly:

How valuable is your water?

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These materials can easily be copied or modified for use in news releases, letters to the editor, guest columns, newspaper advertising, handouts, presentations, or booth displays. To learn more about how to raise public awareness, download NGWA’s Public Awareness Toolbox from the “Member exclusive content” on www.NGWA.org.

Participating in Groundwater Awareness Week is a win-win—a win for the public and a win for your business.

—By Cliff Treyens Treyens is NGWA’s director of public awareness. He can be reached at (800) 551-7379, ext. 554 or (614) 8987791 outside the United States, ext. 554, or e-mail ctreyens@ngwa.org.

NGWA Adds New Business to University Program Member Benefit

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Start earning your higher learning degree today. A list of current participating institutions and the degrees offered can be found at www.NGWA.org. Click on the respective university link or call the provided phone number for more information, as well as to register.

For more information about Business to University itself and the Embanet+ Compass Knowledge Group, visit http://business2university.com/embanet compass.

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NOTES

FIND IT ON THE NGWA WEB SITE, NGWA.ORG

NGWA Offers Industry Best Practices on Issues with Water Quality and Treatment NGWA has a variety of industry “best suggested practices” to aid water well contractors with issues relating to water quality and treatment, including: • Reduce and Mitigate Problematic Concentrations of Stray Gases in Water Well Systems • Reducing Problematic Concentrations of Arsenic in Residential Well Systems • Reducing Problematic Concentrations of Boron in Residential Well Systems • Reducing Problematic Concentrations of Fluoride in Residential Well Systems • Reducing Problematic Concentrations of Iron and Manganese in Residential Well Systems.

NGWA’s BSPs are designed to aid groundwater professionals at industry job sites. They are not standards, but practices that have been demonstrated to show superior results. They are prepared by a consensus of groundwater professionals from around the country.

NGWA members can download all BSPs for free as a member benefit under the “Member exclusives” section at www.NGWA.org. Nonmembers can purchase the BSPs.

Draft of NGWA Hydrogeologic Guidelines Is Under Review Hydrogeologist John Rhyner, architect/engineer for P.W. Grosser Consulting in Bohemia, New York, is now editing the sixth draft of the proposed NGWA Hydrogeologic Guidelines for Large-Scale Geothermal Heat Pump Installations.

The purpose of the guidelines is to provide guidance on how to determine the hydrogeologic properties of a proposed site and how an HVAC system designer can utilize that hydrogeologic information in the design. The guidelines will also show how the design can be more useful in developing the specifications of the project, so that the speciTwitter @WaterWellJournl

fications result in optimal system perNGWA Offers Free Summit formance and groundwater protection.

Preview Webinars These guidelines are conceptualized NGWA is conducting a series of free to deal with open loop (pump and return half-hour Webinars, each highlighting a systems), standing column, and closedsession or subject that will be presented loop vertical borehole systems. The goal at the 2013 NGWA Summit—The is to have the document completed by National and International Conference March 31 and then submitted for the on Groundwater, April 28-May 2 in NGWA Board of Directors for action.

San Antonio, Texas.

“In every presentation I’ve particiThese Webinars will allow you to get pated in on our proposed guidelines, an inside scoop on some of the specifics the audience has been supportive and that will be covered during the related stressed this is well needed by the Summit session. Be sure to bookmark sector,” said NGWA Chief Executive the Web page groundwatersummit.org/ Officer Kevin B. McCray, CAE. ngwa-summit-preview-web-series and McCray submitted an abstract of a check back for updates, as Webinars proposed presentation on NGWA’s draft will be posted as soon as they are guidelines to the Associated General confirmed.

Contractors of America’s Contractors Please note that while these Webinars Environmental Conference, June 13-14 are free, preregistration is required as in Arlington, Virginia. NGWA member connections are limited. In addition, Nina Baird, the principal volunteer each Webinar requires separate registraon the effort and Ph.D. candidate at tion. Please click on the link provided Carnegie Mellon University, has been beneath the Webinar name to register for invited to be the presenter on behalf of those you wish to attend. the Association. Baird compiled the first To learn more about the Summit, draft of the guidelines in July 2012. visit groundwatersummit.org.

The first small volunteer work group organized in May 2011 examining the criteria of an appropriate guidance document for hydrogeologic inspections relevant to large-scale geothermal heat pump projects.

NGWA also pubGeothermal Supply Company lished Guidelines 106 Cherry Street for Construction of Loop Wells for VertiHorse Cave, Ky 42749 cal Closed Loop 270-786-3010 Ground Source Heat Pump Systems, third GSC is the one stop shop for all edition, in 2009 and Geothermal Supplies. is written for loop We have a huge inventory of Pipe, well contractors, Fittings, and Accessories for Geothermal loop well design Applications. We stock pipe and fittings consultants, government officials, edufrom ¾⬙ through 12⬙. GSC is a distributor cators, students, and of Driscoplex Geothermal Pipe from consumers.

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Water Well Journal March 2013 17/

YOU DON’T NEED TO GO IT ALONE. JOIN NGWA TODAY! Joining NGWA is like adding the expertise of thousands to your staff. s Make running your business easier and increase profits with resources such as cost calculators for drilling, geothermal, and pump installation; business management articles; and industry best suggested practices ranging from reducing problematic concentrations of microorganisms in residential well systems to residential well cleaning. s Increase your knowledge and skills—at reduced rates—with educational offerings ranging from online Webinars to the annual NGWA Groundwater Expo, bookstore purchases, and more. s Connect with thousands of other groundwater industry professionals around the world through the NGWA Community site where you can get answers to your questions, share your knowledge, and work to promote the importance of groundwater.

www.NGWA.org/membership s Circle card no. 28

(COVER STORY)

Solvent Safety Protect yourself and the aquifer from exposure to hazardous chemicals.

By Jennifer Strawn hether you realize it or not, solvents are everywhere.

A solvent is a liquid or gas that can dissolve another substance. Solvents are found in everyday items like household cleaning products, paint, gasoline, and even nail polish remover. They’re also common in industrial applications such as dry cleaning and manufacturing.

When exposed to solvents through inhaling, absorption, or ingestion, they can be harmful to your health by causing damage to your respiratory tract, your skin, your eyes, or even organs such as your kidneys or liver.

Not all solvents are created equal, says Jim Wright, compliance manager for National Exploration, Wells & Pumps headquartered in Woodland, California.

Some solvents are more toxic than others, and your body’s response to them depends on many factors, including the type, strength, and amount of solvents you’re exposed to and for how long.

Wright uses alcohol as an example to illustrate the effect the dose has on your body. If you drink a bottle of 80 proof

W

Jennifer Strawn was the associate editor of Water Well Journal from 2004 to 2007. She is currently in the internal communications department at Nationwide Insurance in Columbus, Ohio.

She can be reached at strawnj2 @gmail.com.

Twitter @WaterWellJournl

Exposure to large amounts of solvents in a short period of time can cause greater damage than small amounts over time. liquor in one day, there’s a greater effect on your body than if you drank that bottle over the course of several days.

That’s because your body can’t detoxify the alcohol quickly enough.

Similarly, exposure to large amounts of solvents in a short period of time can cause greater damage than small amounts over time. But even smaller doses can cause harmful effects if exposed to them long term, much like drinking heavily over several years can cause cirrhosis of the liver.

That’s why it’s important when working near solvents—whether on the job site or in the shop—to take precautions to keep yourself as well as the aquifer you’re drilling into safe.

Keeping yourself safe When working with solvents or any other chemical, it’s important to understand how much you can safely be exposed to. All workers should study the Material Safety Data Sheet to start. The MSDS lists hazardous components and potential health effects, including signs of acute or chronic exposure.

“You can’t just say, ‘I can be exposed

to 10 parts per million’ because every chemical is different,” Wright adds.

That’s why you need to know the permissible exposure limits, which are enforceable standards created by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. PELs are an eight-hour time weighted average or ceiling concentration limits that workers can safely be exposed to.

You can monitor your exposure with direct or indirect monitors. Indirect monitors are small and useful when you’re monitoring for a specific chemical or a specific operation needs targeted, Wright says. But most indirect monitor results need to be analyzed by a lab, so they do not provide any immediate results.

Direct monitors can be pricey but provide immediate results. They’re most useful for drillers who are regularly exposed to hazardous chemicals on environmental or industrial sites or for contractors who do a lot of confined space work.

“Monitoring is of paramount importance, particularly on industrial or environmental sites,” says Denis Crayon, director of health and safety for Summit Drilling Co. Inc. in Bridgewater, New Jersey. “You need to monitor the exclusion zone, but also do air monitoring in the support zone. The wind could change direction for some reason, and you want to make sure (contractors are) not being exposed.”

SOLVENTS/continues on page 20 Water Well Journal March 2013 19/

SOLVENTS/from page 19 Working upwind in an open area is one way to make sure you’re working in a well-ventilated area, which is important when working around solvents or products containing solvents. This can be as simple as working with doors open, depending on what you’re using.

Fans can also help keep your work area well ventilated.

Personal protective equipment may also be required. When on the job site, you should have the minimum level of protection required by OSHA (Level D), regardless of whether you’re working with solvents. That includes a hard hat, chemical-resistant work gloves, safety glasses, and steel-toed boots.

When working on environmental or industrial sites where there’s greater exposure to solvents or in enclosed spaces such as well vaults, increased protection may be required.

Victor Rotonda now works with Geoprobe Systems in Toms River, New Jersey, but he also worked as an environmental drilling contractor. Every driller arrived on site with Level D protection, he says, but they also brought Level C protection with them in case they needed to upgrade quickly. Level C protection includes chemical-resistant clothing such as Tyvek suits, full-face or half-mask air purifying respirators, and chemical-resistant boot covers in addition to Level D protection.

“We always came prepared,” Rotonda says. “If we didn’t have it with us, our only other option would have been to shut down the project.”

To protect his hands from coming into contact with solvents, Rotonda preferred PVC-coated, chemical-resistant gloves with a safety cuff. Double-lining gloves by wearing a pair of nitrile gloves underneath your work gloves provides an additional layer of protection. Inner and outer gloves are required

by OSHA for anything over Level D. On industrial or environmental sites, the concentration of solvents may require Level B protection, which requires the highest level of respiratory protection. In this case, a positive pressure, full face-piece self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or positive pressure supplied air respirator with escape SCBA is required.

20/ March 2013 Water Well Journal

It’s rare, but the amount of solvent contamination could reach levels deemed immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH). This would require Level A protection—the highest protection required by OSHA. OSHA defines IDLH as: “An atmospheric concentration of any toxic, corrosive or asphyxiant substance that poses an immediate threat to life or would cause irreversible or delayed adverse health effects or would interfere with an individual’s ability to escape from a dangerous atmosphere.” [29 CFR 1910.120] Level A requires more skin protection than Level B with a totally encapsulating chemical-protective suit and a disposable protective suit.

Residential groundwater contractors are unlikely to encounter solvents in amounts that require personal protective equipment above Level D, Rotonda says. But it’s still important to be looking for signs of solvent contamination like PVC or CPVC solvents.

“You might be able to smell the solvent, but not always. Some solvents are odorless,” he says. “You might see the physical characteristics of your glove start changing. That definitely means that you should upgrade your PPE immediately.”

OSHA’s levels of PPE are detailed in regulation 29 CFR 1910.120 Appendix B. For environmental and industrial work, understanding the site’s history and levels of contamination before you even step onto the job site can prevent overexposure to solvents. Crayon recommends the MIP (Membrane Interface Probe) from Geoprobe.

“It’s going to tell you precisely at what depth your contamination is, how much there is, and the direction of the flow of the plume,” he says.

The probe has a heat block built into its interior and a membrane on the side of it, Rotonda adds. As the operator advances the probe, the heat block can pass through soil that contains a contaminant. The heat block heats the soil and turns the contaminant into a vapor, which passes through the membrane and is carried uphole through the trunk by a carrier gas.

The MIP is commonly used to track the plume and can be an effective tool in detecting volatile organic compound contamination.

A crew from Summit Drilling Co. Inc. in Bridgewater, New Jersey, drills for solvents at a site in Linden, New Jersey. Photo submitted by Denis Crayon of Summit Drilling.

Protect the aquifer Monitoring environmental and industrial sites before you start working can help protect the aquifer. Monitoring will tell you where the largest plumes are, which helps you determine what location to take samples from first.

When working on environmental or industrial sites with contamination, you want to work from the cleanest location to the dirtiest location and be sure to clean your tools in between, Crayon says.

“You’re not going to want to start at a dirty location and move to a clean one because if you haven’t done a good job of cleaning your tools, there’s a potential for putting more contamination into the ground than was already there,” he explains.

You should also work from the outside of the plume to the inside of the plume for the same reason.

“You’ll be introducing more solvents, especially if you move from the center to the plume and to the outside,” Crayon says. “You definitely don’t want to be doing that.”

The drilling process could also introduce solvents into the aquifer if the driller is inexperienced.

Most solvents are heavier than water and will sink through the water table.

And, by penetrating the confining layer, you’re providing a channel for the solvent to go from an upper aquifer to a lower aquifer. waterwelljournal.com

“Solvents are going to find the path of least resistance,” Crayon says. “If the driller is new or doesn’t realize it’s a plume with solvents, he can transmit the solvent from an upper aquifer to a lower aquifer simply by penetrating it.”

Direct push technology with dual tube sampling can prevent the driller from accidentally introducing solvents into the aquifer. This is how Crayon prefers to collect samples.

Dual tube sampling system allows for the operator to collect the sample through a cased hole. The system uses an outer rod that stays in the ground until the boring is completed. The inner rod is connected directly to the sample liner, which is removed after advancing the sampler into the soil.

“A conventional or standard sampling system requires the operator to remove all the rods to collect each sample.

Therefore the potential exists to allow contamination to travel down the borehole,” Rotonda says.

Once you’re done sampling a location, grout the borehole from the bottom up before you abandon it. This prevents contamination from spreading.

“This is absolutely mandatory, but unfortunately is something many may overlook,” Crayon says. “Not doing so almost guarantees solvents will make their way into the lower aquifer.”

When installing residential wells, you can protect the aquifer by making sure the well is properly sealed and has a well cap. Educate homeowners on how to protect the aquifer by storing solvents or items containing solvents far from the wellhead.

Crayon also recommends homeowners regularly test their well for contaminants, particularly if they live within a few miles of industrial applications where solvents are used. The National Ground Water Association recommends homeowners test their well once a year.

Proper preparation Whether you’re working in the shop, on a residential well, or on an environmental site, the best way to protect yourself and the aquifer from solvents is to do your homework.

Know what you’re working with in the shop and what it contains by studying the MSDS provided by the manufac-

turers and suppliers, or look one up online. On a residential job, know where the wellhead is located and where you’ll be working.

At an environmental or industrial site, know the site’s history. Know what was spilled and in what concentrations before beginning any intrusive activities like drilling.

In short, know what chemicals you’re working with and working around. Always be prepared.

“You can encounter solvents almost any time,” Rotonda summarizes.

“You want to be able to immediately take steps to protect yourself and the aquifer.” WWJ

Keep Your Crew Safe NGWA has tools to keep your crew safe, including the Model Environmental Health and Safety (EHS) Manual, a CD that is a complete safety program manual for those working in the groundwater industry. Included are sections on respiratory protection, confined space operations, accident reporting, and more.

It is available in the NGWA Online Bookstore at www.NGWA.org.

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Mud and Membranes Sediment influence on membrane treatment systems

By Michael Schnieders, PG, PH-GW he influence of sediment on potable water supplies has long been recognized. The challenges of surface water treatment are well established, but groundwater quality and treatment is not so well understood.

So let’s look at the impacts of poor well development and sediment infiltration on water treatment efforts, and effective tests that can be used to monitor sedimentation.

Groundwater wells are subject to changes as a result of the way they are maintained, the degradation of the mate-

T

Michael Schnieders is a hydrogeologist and lead consultant for Water Systems Engineering of Ottawa, Kansas. He has an extensive background in groundwater geochemistry, geomicrobiology, and water resource investigation and management. He specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of fouled well systems. He can be reached at mschnieders@h2osystems.com.

Twitter @WaterWellJournl

Development when not properly performed can hinder a well during its entire life. rials used during construction, influences and stresses on their aquifer, as well as run times and operating schedules. Wells can also suffer from mineral scale accumulation, corrosion, biofouling, and fine sediment infiltration.

According to Groundwater & Wells, 3rd Edition, well development has two objectives: • Repair damage done to the formation by the drilling operation so that the natural hydraulic properties are restored.

• Alter the basic physical characteristics of the aquifer near the borehole so that water will flow more freely to a well.

(Above) Silt-sized particulate at 400 times magnification.

The process of redeveloping an established well is typically employed as a means of reducing the effects of mechanical fouling that fine sediment infiltration has brought to the producing zones, impacting screens and filter pack.

The importance of adequately developing a new well cannot be stressed enough. Development when not properly performed can hinder a well during its entire life. All wells require some level of development, from small monitoring wells to large diameter production wells.

In the past, the main goal of both development and redevelopment has been to maximize well yield, mainly in the production sense.

Recently, however, the reasoning for these efforts has changed. Increased energy costs have caused us to examine

SEDIMENT/continues on page 24 Water Well Journal March 2013 23/

SEDIMENT/from page 23 well efficiency, while changes to water treatment efforts have demanded a higher quality of water.

Sediment in water supplies can have a significant impact to pumps, piping, and fittings. This is a typical reason for enhanced development efforts. However, it is unrealistic to assume that all sediment can be eliminated from the produced water indefinitely.

More often than not, a well is designed with a range of acceptable sand production. This typically means a produced quality of water that contains less than 8 ppm of sand, silt, or clay (Driscoll 1995). Understanding this and communicating this to the engineers and consultants developing new water treatment methods is difficult.

Knowing the Terms First, let’s iron out some terminology.

To a groundwater professional, silt is “a detrital particle finer than fine sand and coarser than clay, commonly in the range of 1/16 to 1/256 mm,” and to those in the water treatment industry, silt is “mud or fine earth in suspension in water” (Bates et al. 1984). Unfortunately, we often find ourselves in the predicament of having to balance two issues like this—the specific and the general.

Gravity filters in the mid-20th century were employed wholesale across the country to aid in filtration of potable water. With the onset of the Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule in 1998 (finalized 2001), filter effluent was required to be below 0.3 nephelometric turbidity unit (NTU) in at least 95% of the measurements taken each month and could not exceed 1 NTU. This rule resulted in many of the filter units across the country being noncompliant or at least flirting with noncompliance. Although targeting surface water systems, many potable treatment plants have several sources of water, including wells, and fell under the auspices of this rule. As a result, most utilities began exploring other means of filtration and water treatment.

One new and evolving technology at the time was membrane filtration.

Membrane filtration is almost a blanket term that comprises a variety of 24/ March 2013 Water Well Journal

Two samples from the same well showing an increase in silt density index (SDI) with pumping. The left sample has an SDI of 2.2; the right has an SDI of 3.7.

systems including reverse osmosis, microfiltration membranes, and ultrafiltration membrane systems.

Membrane filtration is defined by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as a “pressure or vacuum driven separation process in which particulate matter larger than 1 mm is rejected by an engineered barrier, primarily through a sizeexclusion mechanism and which has a measurable removal efficiency of a target organism that can be verified through the application of a direct integrity test; includes common membrane classifications microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF), and reverse osmosis (RO), as well as any ‘membrane cartridge filtration’ (MCF) device that satisfies this definition.” (EPA 2005) In theory, membrane filtration has the effect of delivering bottled water quality water to the home tap. However, as with any effort, the quality of the materials going into the project helps determine the quality of the end result.

Membranes suffer from the same type of fouling that impacts well systems and pipelines including mineral scale, biofouling, colloidal material, and sediment.

As with traditional filter systems, pretreatment methods are often needed to improve the quality of the source water prior to use of a membrane filter unit. Standard pretreatment methods include water softening and disinfection (including dechlorination).

Of the two types of source water— groundwater and surface water— groundwater typically is more uniform

Water sample subjected to centrifuge, exhibiting fine grain sand, silt, and suspended material.

in quality and thus requires less pretreatment efforts.

Unfortunately, wells are not a steadystate entity; they evolve and change over time. The changes impacting a given well system can be similar or dramatically different to the well drilled beside it. These changes can happen quickly or slowly and impact the way that well is operated and the produced water quality.

Sadly, most membrane filtration systems are designed with an assumption that groundwater quality will remain the same. When surface water is used, a wide range of variability is assumed and developed into the design of a water treatment system. However, oftentimes

SEDIMENT/continues on page 26 waterwelljournal.com

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SEDIMENT/from page 24 there is a much narrower tolerance applied when wells are used.

As was noted, most membrane filtration systems are designed with pretreatment methods for reducing scale accumulation and biofouling, but they are not always prepared for sediment influence.

Understanding the Problem Sediment and colloidal materials present in the source water are one of the biggest problems in membrane filtration systems. Although some systems use prefiltration, they are often unprepared for the level of influence that can occur in a groundwater-supplied system.

As a means of evaluating the potential impact of sediment, a concept called Silt Density Index is used. The SDI is the standard method used for determining the ability of suspended solids within the source water to plug a membrane and thus impact filtration. In application, the SDI is a measure of the rate at which a 0.45 micron filter is plugged when subjected to the source water at a constant pressure (typically 30 psi). The SDI gives the percent drop per minute in the flow rate of the water through the filter, averaged over a given period of time.

There are several limitations of the SDI. First, it does not account for all types of fouling, including scale formation and biofouling. Second, there are many particles that can readily pass through the 0.45 micron filter only to agglomerate or compound, causing fouling within the unit. Finally, it does not account for changes in the source water.

This brings us back to wells. Over time, wells can become influenced by the migration of fine grain sediments towards the borehole, impacting the filter pack as well as the near-well aquifer interface. This phenomenon is especially common in alluvial well systems, but can impact all wells.

Filter pack is selected during well design to retain most of the formation material, and a well screen opening is then selected to retain about 90% of the filter pack following development. Over time, the filter pack can become mechanically impacted by mobilized sediments, chemically degraded by acid treatments, 26/ March 2013 Water Well Journal

structurally unstable from heavy pumping, and settle.

Additionally, the well itself can be impacted through normal operation, aggressive rehabilitation efforts, as well as subsidence and tectonic events. These issues can result in an increase in the amount of sediment entering the well and produced water. Generally, this has been realized during pump maintenance, a periodic video survey, or when regular water analyses are conducted.

Increased sediment can impact well operation and efficiency as well as the longevity, efficiency, and cost effectiveness of membrane filtration systems.

Generally, the SDI is only run on groundwater-fed systems during the initial design phase. As noted, it is assumed that groundwater conditions are stable and do not change. We in the groundwater industry know that this is a fundamental misunderstanding. Wells are a dynamic system and apt to change and challenge us.

Regular water quality testing does not always account for the problems that can impact well systems, and this is especially true for sediment. When approached by an engineer or utility regarding well water quality and potential impacts on a membrane filter system, it helps to understand the testing options available.

In the following paragraphs, we’ll discuss several laboratory and field methods of evaluating the water to better understand the problem at hand.

Total suspended solids (TSS) are inorganic and organic solid materials that are suspended in the water. These include silt, plankton, and other biological debris, as well as some industrial wastes. High concentrations of suspended solids can lower water quality by absorbing light. Generally, water with a TSS level of less than 20 mg/L is considered to be clear. Water with TSS levels between 40 and 80 mg/L appears turbid (cloudy), while water with concentrations over 150 mg/L appears dirty.

The nature of the particulate that comprise the suspended solids can cause these ranges to fluctuate.

Total dissolved solids (TDS) is a measure of the combined total of inorganic and organic substances present in a liquid in molecular, suspended, or ionized form. TDS is not considered a pol-

lutant but is used as a cursory indication of drinking water quality. The EPA has established a secondary water quality standard for TDS of 500 mg/L for drinking water.

The two accepted methods of measuring TDS are gravimetric and electrical conductance. The gravimetric method is the most accurate, but also the most expensive and time consuming. Electrical conductance (conductivity) of water is directly related to the concentration of dissolved solids in the water. Conductivity is traditionally determined by measuring the AC resistance of a solution between two electrodes, which can be measured using a conventional conductivity meter or TDS meter.

TDS is differentiated from TSS in that the TSS load cannot pass through a sieve of 2 microns and yet are indefinitely suspended in solution. The term “settleable solids� refers to material of any size that will not remain suspended or dissolved in a vessel not subject to motion, and excludes both TDS and TSS. Settleable solids generally include larger particulate matter or insoluble molecules.

The SDI discussed earlier is another testing method to evaluate the sediment content. In general, an SDI less than 3 is considered acceptable for membrane operation without pretreatment for silt and sediment removal. An SDI of 3 to 5 may result in frequent cleaning (quarterly to weekly) needed. An SDI greater than 5 will require prefiltration.

In addition to these tests, we have instituted in our laboratory a microscopic evaluation of the sample to examine the sample for sediment including silt, clay, and crystalline debris. This requires collecting a sample at the wellhead and subjecting it to settling through use of a centrifuge.

This is useful in identifying the type and size range of sediment present. In addition to evaluating sediment content, this test can also help to identify appreciable quantities of biomass, presence of protozoa or microorganisms, and the development of corrosion byproducts.

At the well, an Imhoff cone can be used to estimate sediment concentration.

However, the small volume of the cone can limit its accuracy, and inexperience of the user may hamper an accurate evaluation. Also, at the wellhead a waterwelljournal.com

Rossum Sand Tester can be used to measure sand content of the pumped water. Measurement of sand production on a regular basis may provide a timely indication of well problems and help to identify issues that could impact water treatment efforts.

In reviewing this information, it is best to know the history of the well, the targeted water quality, and the design tolerances of the membrane filter system being used. The tolerances of the different membrane filters vary widely by manufacturer, system load, and the quality of the source water.

Increases in the sediment within the well and the produced water can point to a variety of issues. First, heavier pumping (above design), whether a result of a drought or reduced efficiency, can increase the rate at which sediment is mobilized towards the borehole. Initially, the well could exhibit increases in the amount of fine sediment present, and after a period of time begin experiencing increased drawdown, faster rates of corrosion, and higher costs of operation.

Significant accumulations of scale and biofilm can lead to disruption in water quality and an alteration of the dynamics of flow within and through the well. This can result in preferential pathways developing and mobilizing sediment flow, increasing wear placed on the filter pack and potentially causing abrasion to screens and pump intakes. Heavier production of sand and larger sediments may point to corrosion or damage of the screens or filter pack present. This can result in significant pump damage as well as costly membrane replacement.

Regardless of the reason, increases in the amount of sediment present in produced water can lead to the well being the source of problems for membrane filtration units. Depending on the problem, cleaning, redevelopment, and even structural modification of the well may be needed. An evaluation of the operating schedule and an assessment of the demand placed on the well is also a good idea. Depending on the problem, part of the solution may need to be addressed in the treatment process.

Properly communicating the potential problems associated with the use of both new and older wells to those deTwitter @WaterWellJournl

signing and operating membrane filtration units is essential. Gaining a better understanding of the well in advance of the design process is useful in developing pretreatment methods to reduce costly maintenance and replacement of the membrane units.

Conclusion Proper sediment monitoring and maintenance in the well should be employed to maintain the well and reduce the potential for adverse effects on the treatment system. Additional testing helps to paint a more accurate picture of the general health of the water and overall produced water quality.

Armed with this information, not only can you make the best choices for maintaining and operating the well, but also provide valid recommendations for the operation of water treatment systems.

Monitoring of the water source is important to all forms of water treatment, but more so with membrane filtration units. Encourage your customers with these types of units to be as vigilant in

Get Groundwater & Wells, 3rd Edition for Your Library Add the reference manual that is the comprehensive guide for the design, installation, and maintenance of water wells to your library. Groundwater & Wells, 3rd Edition is the best seller in the NGWA Bookstore year after year.

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References Bates, R.L., and J.A. Jackson. 1984.

American Geological Institute’s Dictionary of Geological Terms.

Doubleday: New York, New York.

Sterrett, R. 2008. Groundwater & Wells, 3rd Edition. Johnson Screens: New Brighton, Minnesota.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

2005. The EPA Office of Water Membrane Filtration Guidance Manual (EPA No. 815-R-06-009).

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Water Well Journal March 2013 27/

Circle card no. 7

his analysis discourages taking shortcuts to save money on well projects by showing the value of clean water provided by a properly constructed and maintained drinking water well in comparison to alternative shortcut scenarios.

The method used is an economic cost-benefit analysis (CBA) with variables for quality of construction and maintenance. CBA is a common analysis for project alternatives, particularly for organizations with a public service orientation. This is because CBA goes beyond cash-flow accounting to include additional costs and benefits, such as environmental impacts and health improvements. Although CBA cannot provide definitive answers, it can be useful when taken for what it is—one tool in the decision-making toolbox.

The magnitude of cost and benefit estimates varies by locale. This analysis considers constructing a drinking water well fitted with a hand pump in rural Kenya. However, the methods presented are transferrable to other contexts if local economic conditions are taken into account.

The steps of a CBA include:

T

• Identifying which alternatives will be analyzed • Deciding which costs and benefits to include • Predicting those costs and benefits over the life of the project • Monetizing impacts • Discounting values as necessary.

Rogers et al. (1998) provide a framework for assessing water as a socioeconomic good. Table 1 provides the various costs and benefits recommended for consideration.

For this analysis, the first thing to set is the number of beneficiaries of the proposed project. The number of people served by a well depends on yield, pop-

No Shortcuts A case study in rural Kenya provides the benefits of an economic cost-benefit analysis of water well construction alternatives.

By Jaynie Whinnery Twitter @WaterWellJournl

NO SHORTCUTS/continues on page 30 Jaynie Whinnery is currently pursuing a master of public policy at Oregon State University.

Among her research interests are global water and sanitation initiatives. She has been a member of Engineers Without Borders since 2008, working on rural water supply projects in El Salvador and Kenya. She can be reached at whinneja@onid.orst.edu.

Water Well Journal March 2013 29/

Table 1. Descriptions of the CBA Costs and Benefits (Rogers et al. 1998)

NO SHORTCUTS/from page 29 ulation density, and availability of water from alternative sources. This analysis uses 250 people per well (Reed 2005; World Health Organization 2004).

Throughout the analysis, present discounted value (PDV) is used as appropriate to account for the time value of money. This CBA uses a discount rate of 3%, which is commonly used by the World Health Organization (Cameron et al. 2011).

All monetary values in this article are in current U.S. dollars. The cost analysis is presented first, followed by the benefit analysis, and finally a CBA summary.

Cost Analysis The first aspect includes what are also known as the accounting costs of the project—the capital charges and the operation and maintenance (O&M) costs. Together these encompass the tangible cash outflows that occur to complete and sustain the project over its life span. For well pricing, the cost of well 30/ March 2013 Water Well Journal

construction, development, and the pump must be included.

The estimated cost of drilling a well in rural Kenya was estimated by Doyen (2003) at $11,8501, including siting and supervision. The estimated cost for a lever-style hand pump (e.g., Afridev) is $1800 installed (EWB–OSU 2012).

These are the assumed costs for proper construction. The price of the pump is not likely to vary, but the amount of money allocated to well construction and development is where shortcuts are possible. For inferior construction, this analysis assumes a 25% reduction in the investment made toward well construction and development.

For O&M costs, there are two components to estimate: expected project life span and annual recurring expenses.

According to the Rural Water Supply Network (2012), inferior wells are often abandoned within five years, even with O&M. Additionally, inferiorly constructed wells are more susceptible to failures due to lack of O&M. But with proper construction, development, and

O&M, a life span of at least 20 years is a reasonable assumption (Cameron et al. 2011). The following life spans2 are assumed for this analysis: • Properly constructed well with O&M = 20 years • Inferiorly constructed well with O&M = 5 years • Properly constructed well without O&M = 4 years (20% of 20 years) • Inferiorly constructed well without O&M = 1 year (20% of 5 years).

As for O&M expenses, a rough estimate for these costs is 10% of hardware capital charges (Cameron et al. 2011).

Therefore, annual O&M cost is estimated to be 10% of the pump cost, projected over the anticipated life of the project.

Next, for opportunity cost, all project inputs must be considered. The capital expenses for the well have been assessed at a competitive market price, which for a private good is equivalent to the opportunity cost (assuming no influence from minimum wage). Another aspect is that beneficiaries of a well project typically participate in several hours of technical training and health education. This is accounted for as an opportunity cost because the time could be spent on income-generating activities. It is assumed that the total time investment required is equivalent to one working day per person at the time of well construction.

The gross national income, adjusted for purchasing power parity, is used to monetize time-based measurements.

According to the World Bank (2012), this value for Kenya is $1720. Because gross national income is a gross measure by definition, the opportunity cost estimated in this article is higher than it is in actuality since rural areas have lower incomes in comparison to urban areas. However, because the same value is used throughout the CBA, it does not change the final ranking of alternatives.

There are economic and environmental costs that are not otherwise 1

Adjusted from Doyen’s 2003 value of $9,500 using the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Consumer Price Index Inflation Calculator.

2 These life spans are considered to provide an adequately conservative analysis.

waterwelljournal.com

Table 2. Cost Analysis Summary

Table 3. Benefit Analysis Summary

accounted for—direct impacts to the economy, public health, ecosystems, etc.

This analysis focuses on possible negative externalities and leaves the positive externality of improved health for the benefits section. With limited information there are no foreseeable negative economic externalities for constructing a well. If the new well could restrict the amount of water available to incomeproducing activities (e.g., local agriculture and businesses), the resulting negative economic externality should be included in the analysis.

Next, there are environmental externalities associated with raw materials and construction that are not accounted Twitter @WaterWellJournl

for in the market price of goods including cement, steel, PVC, fuel, and water.

In this case study, these values are relatively small, but in other situations these externalities are more substantial.

There are additional negative environmental externalities that could arise with poor quality construction, such as groundwater contamination and aquifer damage. These externalities can be accounted for by estimating the cost to reconcile the damages (if possible).

Note that left unresolved, these damages might also reduce benefits. An entirely separate analysis could be conducted to evaluate the variety of possible externalities, such as drilling through two

aquifers and dewatering one or contaminating an entire aquifer that is used by many neighboring communities.

This analysis focuses on localized groundwater contamination because there is data to support valuation and it will result in a conservative estimate.

The value of groundwater contamination is determined by estimating expense for treatment to return the quality to its pre-contamination state. While there may be a less expensive, more appropriate treatment method available, this assessment is trying to estimate the value of the damages. Assuming 2.63

NO SHORTCUTS/continues on page 32 Water Well Journal March 2013 31/

Table 4. Summary of Cost-Benefit Analysis

NO SHORTCUTS/from page 31 gallons per user per day need to be treated (Reed 2005), each user will need 963.23 gallons treated per year over the life span of the well. Rogers et al.

(1998) estimate water treatment at 70 cents per cubic meter.

Table 2 shows the Cost Analysis PDVs for all project alternatives assessed in this CBA.

Benefit Analysis For estimating the value to users of water, this analysis uses revealed preference. It is estimated that households in developing countries spend about 10% of their annual income on water (Cameron et al. 2011).

Another benefit is adjustment for societal objectives. The purpose for many well drilling projects is to improve the livelihoods of people who currently lack access to clean water. Safe access to water has direct implications for improved health; it can also be a catalyst for other benefits such as increased productivity and happiness (Hutton et al.

2007). However, these are largely secondary benefits through improved health; indirect impacts will not be included to avoid double counting.

This article focuses on the direct health impacts of clean water that can be provided by a new well, in terms of associated reductions in diarrhea and 32/ March 2013 Water Well Journal

related deaths. While there are other illnesses related to lack of access to clean water, diarrhea is the most significant and extensive data is available.

Estimating societal benefits involves several steps. First, the value of a statistical life (VSL) must be set. As standard practice for CBA, the VSL has been estimated at $8.9 million3 in the United States (Viscusi and Aldy 2002). Emulating the methodology used by Hatfield Consultants (2009), the VSL in Kenya is calculated by adjusting for the difference in gross national income per capita at purchasing power parity between the United States and Kenya.

The next step is to determine the value of a disability-adjusted life year (DALY). The DALY is a common metric used in the field of public health for quantifying disease burden. It incorporates all associated health costs, including morbidity and mortality. The World Health Organization (2012) commonly uses an average equivalency of 36 DALYs per premature death. The value per DALY can be determined by dividing the VSL by the number of DALYs assigned for a premature death (Hatfield Consultants 2009).

3

Adjusted from Viscusi and Aldy’s 2002 value of $7 million using the U.S Bureau of Labor Statistics Consumer Price Index Inflation Calculator.

Now, the number of DALYs averted due to the well project must be determined. According to the World Health Organization’s Rapid Needs Assessment for Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (2004), the average number of diarrhea cases per person per year is 1.3 in East Africa. On average, a case of diarrhea lasts three days per with a disability weight of 10% (Cameron et al. 2011; Pruss et al. 2002).

The disability weight accounts for the fact that diarrhea is not completely debilitating in most cases. Stand-alone water supply improvements (not including treatment, sanitation, or hygiene aspects) have been shown to reduce the incidence of diarrhea by 19% on average (Fewtrell et al. 2005).

In addition, according to the World Health Organization’s Department of Measurement and Health Information spreadsheet (2004), in Kenya an average of 78.1 lives per 100,000 people are lost each year due to diarrhea. It is assumed that this project reduces deaths caused by diarrhea at the same rate as the incidence reduction (19%). Finally, these benefits must be discounting over the expected life of the well, again using the 3% discount rate used in the cost analysis.

For scenarios with localized groundwater contamination, benefits for societal objectives are zero unless water treatment is provided to restore this beneficial aspect of the project.

Benefits from return flows, indirect use, and intrinsic value are assumed to be negligible and therefore set to values of zero. These benefits are more commonly associated with irrigation or restoration projects. It is possible that agriculture and/or livestock could benefit in some way from a new well, but not including these possible benefits makes the analysis more conservative. Table 3 shows the Benefit Analysis PDVs for all project alternatives assessed in this CBA.

Conclusion Finally, the Cost Analysis PDV is subtracted from the Benefit Analysis PDV to produce a net present value (NPV) for each project alternative.

A final summary of the results of this CBA are displayed in Table 4, in order of declining NPV.

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NO SHORTCUTS/from page 32 These results illustrate the importance of both proper construction and O&M. The differences in the total NPV between scenarios with proper construction, inferior construction, and the presence or absence of O&M are tied to compounding annual costs and benefits over time.

Simply stated, inferior construction and the absence of O&M are both likely to result in a well with a shorter life span, which substantially reduces the overall benefit of implementing the well in the first place. In this CBA, even in the best-case scenario inferior construction with O&M provides only 30% of the potential benefits—a decrease of nearly $500,000 in benefits in order to save a comparatively small amount of money.

Even worse, inferior construction methods have an increased probability of problems such as groundwater contamination and aquifer damage. Even for the limited case of localized groundwater contamination, this CBA suggests that cutting a few thousand dollars from the budget can nullify benefits.

Furthermore, if a treatment scheme is provided to deal with the contamination, the costs are estimated to outweigh the benefits by a ratio of nearly four to one.

This does not mean that a contaminated source should be left for use without treatment, but it might be more cost effective to find a different source if available. Instead, this should be a compelling reason for proper well construction practices, even if saving money at the beginning of the project is tempting.

The role of O&M in the costs and benefits of a well project is also highlighted in this CBA. A properly constructed well still requires an appropriate O&M plan; otherwise the life span will be shortened. In this way, project sustainability is directly related to the total value of the benefits provided. The absence of O&M has a comparable impact on the estimated value of a well with a reduction of around 80%.

As an example, proper construction without O&M saves about $2500 over the life span of the well, but reduces the benefits by over $500,000.

Given all of the considerations presented in this analysis, it is evident that shortcuts are not a wise strategy when it 34/ March 2013 Water Well Journal

For more details on this analysis and further water supply well guidelines, visit www.seidc.com/pdf/Hydrophilan thropy_Well_Guidelines.pdf. comes to drilling wells. However, it is possible to properly construct a low-cost well. But keep in mind that the greatest benefit will not necessarily come from minimizing the initial costs and maximizing the number of wells constructed with disregard for the quality of construction, operation, and maintenance.

The greatest benefit will be realized through properly constructed and maintained wells.

Well construction approaches that provide cost savings should be carefully assessed to avoid increasing associated environmental and health risks and reducing the anticipated life span of the project. WWJ

References Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2012. CPI Inflation Calculator. Accessed from www .bls.gov/data/inflation_calculator.htm.

Cameron, J., P. Hunter, P. Jagals, and K. Pond. 2011. Valuing water, valuing livelihoods: Guidance on social costbenefit analysis of drinking-water interventions, with special reference to small community water supplies. World Health Organization. Accessed from http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/ 2011/9781843393108_eng.pdf.

Clean-Water-For-Laymen. 2010. Making Concrete for Use in Water Well Construction: The Basics. Accessed from www.clean-water-for-laymen.com/ making-concrete.html.

Doyen, J. 2003. A comparative study on water well drilling costs in Kenya.

Rural Water Supply Network Document.

Accessed from ww.rwsn.ch/document ation/skatdocumentation.2008-08-25.320 2857121/file.

Engineers Without Borders–Oregon State University. 2012. Lela Community Water Project: Pre-Implementation Report.

Accessed from http://groups.engr.oregon state.edu/ewb/wp-content/ uploads/525 _OSULelaKenya_Apr2012.pdf.

Fewtrell, L., R. Kaufmann, D. Kay, W. Enanoria, L. Haller, and J. Colford.

2005. Water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions to reduce diarrhea in less developed countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infectious Diseases 5 no. 4: 42-52.

Hatfield Consultants. 2009. Regional capacity building program for health risk man-

agement of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in South East Asia. Accessed from http://www.popstoolkit.com/ UserFiles/File/EconReports/Cambodia/ Cambodia%20Economic%20Valuation% 20Report%20-%20Title%20TOC.pdf and http://www.popstoolkit.com/UserFiles/ File/EconReports/Cambodia/Cambodia% 20Economic%20Valuation%20Report% 20-%20Economic%20Analysis.pdf.

Hutton, G., L. Haller, and J. Bartram. 2007.

Global cost-benefit analysis of water supply and sanitation interventions.

WHO Journal of Water and Health 5, no. 4: 481-502.

Natural Resources Canada. 2009. Calculating Estimated Annual Carbon Dioxide Emissions. Accessed from http://oee .nrcan.gc.ca/publications/transportation/ fuel-guide/2007/calculating-co2.cfm? attr=8.

Pruss, A., D. Kay, L. Fewtrell, and J. Bartram.

2002. Estimating the burden of disease from water, sanitation, and hygiene at a global level. Environmental Health Perspectives 110, no. 5: 537-542.

Reed, B. 2005. Minimum water quantity needed for domestic use in emergencies.

WHO – Technical Notes for Emergencies.

Accessed from www.searo.who.int/ LinkFiles/ List_of_Guidelines_for_ Health_Emergency_Minimum_water_ quantity.pdf.

Rogers, P., R. Bhatia, and A. Huber. 1998.

Water as a social and economic good: How to put the principle into practice.

Global Water Partnership Technical Advisory Committee Background Paper No. 2. Accessed from http://info.worldbank.org/etools/docs/library/80637/ IWRM4_TEC02-WaterAsSocial EconGood-Rogers.pdf.

Rural Water Supply Network. 2012. Documentation. Accessed at www.rwsn.ch/ documentation.

Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya. 2009 Appendix A: PVC production. Accessed from http://upcommons.upc.edu/pfc/ bitstream/2099.1/14307/2/APPENDIX% 20A%20-%20PVC%20Production.pdf.

U.S. DOE. 2010. Final rule technical support document (TSD): Energy efficiency program for commercial and industrial equipment: small electric motors, Appendix 15A. By the Interagency Working Group on Social Cost of Carbon, Social Cost of Carbon for Regulatory Impact Analysis Under Executive Order 12866.

U.S. EPA. 2001. Cost Analyses for Selected Groundwater Cleanup Projects: Pump and Treat Systems and Permeable Reactive Barriers. Accessed from www.epa .gov/tio/download/remed/542r00013.pdf.

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U.S. EPA. 2005. Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, Volume I: Stationary Point and Area Sources, AP 42.

Accessed from www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ ap42/ch11/final/c11s06.pdf.

Viscusi, W.K., and J.E. Aldy. 2002. The value of a statistical life: A critical review of market estimates throughout the world. Harvard Law School John M. Olin Center for Law, Economics and Business Discussion Paper Series. Paper 392.

Accessed from http://lsr.nellco.org/ harvard_olin/392.

World Bank. 2012. Accessed from www .worldbank.org/.

WHO. 2004. Department of Measurement and Health Information. Accessed from www.who.int/healthinfo/statistics/ bodgbddeathdalyestimates.xls.

WHO. 2004. Rapid needs assessment for water, sanitation, and hygiene. Accessed from www.searo.who.int/en/section23/ section1108/info-kit/ Rapid_needs_ Assessment_guidelines.doc.

WHO. 2012. Burden of disease and costeffectiveness estimates. Accessed from www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/ diseases/burden/ en/index.html.

Worrell, E., N. Martin, and L. Price. 1999.

Energy Efficiency and Carbon Dioxide Emissions Reduction Opportunities in the U.S. Iron and Steel Sector.

Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.

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By Victor D’Amato, CIH, CSP, and Michael McCullion, ARM, CSP

Hot Topic It’s critical to know the welding process and how to remain safe at the job site.

elding presents a variety of potential occupational health hazards, including possible exposures to welding fumes, particulates, and gases.

Arc welding is probably the most common type of welding today. In arc welding, an electrode is connected to one end of an electrical power supply and the metal to be welded is connected to the other end.

A welder touches the tip of the electrode to the metal, and then draws it away to produce a short gap a fraction of an inch in length between the electrode and the metal. The voltage in the power supply causes an electrical current to bridge the gap. The current heats the air to create a plasma, which emits a very intense light, which is the welding arc.

All the particles in the high-power welding arc plasma—the negatively charged electrons, the positively charged heavier particles (ions), and the remaining neutral atoms—are at nearly the same temperature, which exceeds 11,000˚F.

W

Victor D’Amato is the director for Atrium Environmental Health and Safety Services, a consulting firm in Reston, Virginia. He has 25 years of experience in conducting employee exposure evaluations in industries involving metal fabrication, including the military, transportation, maritime, and the construction industries.

Michael McCullion is the director of safety and health for the Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors’ National Association. He has nearly 30 years of experience in the safety, health, and environmental field managing and conducting projects in commercial, industrial, construction, and government settings.

36/ March 2013 Water Well Journal

Most commercial, accredited laboratories provide welding fume profile analyses.

This temperature is well above the melting temperature of all known materials and above the boiling point for most elements found in metals commonly used in industrial applications.

Everything in contact with this intense plasma melts or vaporizes; the edges of the metal pieces to be joined melt and form a liquid pool.

In most arc welding processes, the tip of the electrode also melts, and the resulting liquid metal transfers across the arc to the weld pool as drops of liquid to combine with and enlarge that pool. As the arc is removed, the weld pool cools and solidifies to form a weld. The electrode material melted into the weld is called filler metal, as it fills the gap between the metals being welded.

Generally, electrodes have the same composition as the base metals that are being welded. Electrodes are manufactured as bare wire, or they are manufactured as lightly or heavily coated with flux material.

While they are the least expensive, bare wire electrodes are difficult to maintain and they produce inferior welds. The electrode may be coated with a copper layer to control oxidation (rusting) before the electrode is used.

Flux material is used to protect the electrode before it is used, and generates a shielding gas that prevents or removes oxides and other undesirable materials during the process. Flux generally consists of fluorine compounds, minerals,

metal oxides, and carbonates.

In most modern-day welding processes, gas shielding is used to protect the weld pool from contamination and rapid oxidation. Gases such as helium, argon, and carbon dioxide are used.

Characteristics of Welding Emissions The composition of the plume of smoke generated during welding processes is highly variable, and depends on several factors including: • The type of welding being performed • The base metal (or work piece) being welded, including any coatings present and residue from any surface preparation processes (such as degreasing) • The electrode or filler metal • The flux used • The voltage and amperage used • The skill of the welder • Other environmental conditions.

While the composition varies, substances present in the plume can be categorized into three classes: metal fumes, particulates, and gases.

Fumes are small metal aerosols generated when metals are heated above their boiling point, causing the metal to volatilize. The plasma temperature in the welding arc is well above the boiling point of many of the elements commonly found in metals and alloys.

As the vaporized metal aerosol cools, it condenses into small particulates.

The size of the fume particulate generated is also highly variable with diame-

SAFETY/continues on page 38 waterwelljournal.com

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SAFETY/from page 36 ters ranging from nanometers to about 5 micrometers.

In addition to boiling the metals being welded, the energy in the plasma field is sufficient to alter the valence states of the metals. The most notable is the oxidation of chromium (Cr) to a hexavalent state, or CrVI. While the chromium content present in welding electrodes or base metals isn’t CrVI, the oxidation of Cr during the welding process produces CrVI fume. CrVI fume is more likely to be present in welding activities conducted on corrosion-resistant steel (CRES), such as stainless steel and steel alloys.

CRES differs from carbon steel in the amount of chromium present in the metal or alloy, where CRES has a higher chromium content. The chromium forms a protective chromium oxide layer on the surface of metal, protecting the metal from corrosion. The more chromium in the base metal, the more CrVI is formed during arc welding processes.

The largest source of metal fume generated during the welding process is the electrode or filler metal. Therefore, the composition of the fume generated during welding fume is likely to be similar to the composition of the electrode or filler metal. Electrodes used when welding CRES typically have higher chromium content, and therefore yield more CrVI as they are consumed in the arc welding process.

Some fume is generated from the base metal of the work piece and some may be generated from coatings applied to the work piece (such as corrosion conversion coatings containing chromium or cadmium, or paints containing lead, copper, chromium, and other metals). Flux material applied to the electrode may also be a source of metal fumes.

Fumes are not the only particulates generated during the welding process.

The components of flux that is manufactured into the electrodes are also emitted during welding as the electrode is consumed. They can include fluorides, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and hydrofluoric acid.

In addition, metal particulates are typically generated by surface preparation and finishing processes such as 38/ March 2013 Water Well Journal

Table 1. U.S. Occupational Exposure Limits for Hexavalent Chromium (CrVI) Organization

Occupational Exposure Limit

NIOSH REL

0.2 μg/m3 (TWA)

OSHA PEL

5 μg/m3 (TWA) 2.5 μg/m3 (TWA)—Action Level 0.5 μg/m3 (TWA)—Exemption Criteria

ACGIH TLV

50 μg/m3 (TWA)—Water-soluble 10 μg/m3 (TWA)—Insoluble Other TLVs for specific chromate compounds

grinding and brushing, which can be considered part of the welding process.

Finally, the shielding gases used in the welding process and byproducts of the combustion of these gases can be present in welding emissions.

powered air sampling pump by flexible tubing.

Most commercial, accredited laboratories provide welding fume profile analyses, which include the analysis of multiple metals typically found in welding emissions from a single air sample.

Workplace Exposure Monitoring Exposure monitoring in the workplace should be based on the type of welding being conducted and the recognized occupational exposure limit (OEL) that has been selected as the criteria for assessing exposures.

The three principal organizations that have established OELs that are recognized in the United States are the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, and the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists.

• NIOSH publishes recommended exposure limits (RELs) for airborne contaminants.

• OSHA regulates workplace exposures to airborne contaminants through established permissible exposure limits (PELs).

• ACGIH publishes recommended threshold limit values (TLVs) for airborne contaminants.

Occupational exposure limits for CrVI are summarized in Table 1.

OSHA and NIOSH have developed and published validated sampling and analytical methods for assessing workplace exposures to the components of welding emissions. Recognized sampling methods for welding fumes involve collecting an air sample from the welder’s breathing zone, using a filter cassette attached to a calibrated, battery-

Controlling and Preventing Exposures The protection of workers involved in welding tasks can be categorized into four main sections: • Consumables and processes • Source and local extraction • General extraction and dilution • Personal protection equipment.

The welding process and related consumables contribute to the potential for overexposure to welding chemicals for numerous reasons. Therefore, the evaluation of the process should include the potential for fume generation and include the possibility of replacing the process or consumable with a less hazardous choice.

Source and local extraction of fumes is fairly common but often used incorrectly. The idea behind this type of point-of-operation ventilation (extraction) is to remove the contaminant before it has the opportunity to reach the welder’s breathing zone. It is imperative, therefore, that the position of the duct/hood of the system be placed properly.

The last line of defense, so to speak, is the use of respirators to prevent welders from breathing contaminated air. Respirators for welding tasks have come a long way and they provide significant levels of prevention if used properly. Respirators should be used in waterwelljournal.com

conjunction with the controls described above to ensure the fullest personal protection.

There are two main types of respirators: air purifying and supplied air. The type of respirator is dependent on various conditions, including the expected chemicals to be generated, the expected “amount” of chemicals in relation to the PELs or ALs, and the use of other controls and personal protection equipment such as source extraction or welding helmets.

Use of respirators is clearly spelled out in OSHA standards, including requirements for a written program, medical fit tests, training, and medical surveillance.

Three points to remember when you are considering and implementing control measures: • One solution does not fit all welding operations.

• Ongoing service and maintenance is critical.

• Training and education is the key. The proper use of pointof-operation systems and personal protection equipment greatly improve employee exposures. WWJ

Have Detailed Safety Meetings Detailed discussions on safety are now easy to have with Safety Meetings for the Groundwater Industry. A set of 52 sheets printed on two-part carbonless paper, it is designed to enable companies to have weekly safety meetings on a different industry-specific subject each week of the year. Each sheet contains talking points and areas for employee and manager signatures. Welding safety is one of the sheets included. Go to www.NGWA.org and the Online Bookstore to get your copy.

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Water Well Journal March 2013 39/

By Ed Butts, PE, CPI

Life Cycle Costs Why You Should Care, Part 2

e opened up a discussion last month regarding the need and purpose of a life cycle cost evaluation of a pumping plant and why you should be familiar with the process of calculating this variable.

This month we will continue the three-part series by exploring the various components used in the analysis and then conclude the series next month with a real-world example.

As a reminder, determining the costs associated with the life cycle of a pumping plant uses the following equation for life cycle costs (LCC): LCC = CIC + CIN + CE + CO + CM + CD + CENV + CD/D where: CIC = Initial costs of the pump, motor, drop pipe, cable, well seal, riser check valves, etc.

CIN = Installation costs including labor, hoist truck, rental equipment, etc.

CE = Energy costs (the actual cost per hour of the pumping unit multiplied by the predicted hours of operation per year) CO = Operational costs (labor cost associated with supervising the operation) CM = Maintenance and repair costs CD = Downtime costs (from the loss of production) CENV = Environmental costs (from contamination and cleanup of pumped fluid) CD/D = Decommissioning and disposal costs.

W

We will now delve into the first four of these individual factors.

CIC: Initial Costs of the Plant It may seem this is an obvious value and should not need explanation. In reality, though, there are several factors within this item that are often overlooked. First of all, the analyst needs to consider whether the plant is a hypothetical or a genuine installation.

Obviously, it is generally much easier to evaluate a realworld installation rather than a theoretical one. However, an LCC analysis is often used to help determine the best choice Ed Butts, PE, CPI, is the chief engineer at 4B Engineering & Consulting, Salem, Oregon. He has more than 35 years experience in the water well business, specializing in engineering and business management. He can be reached at epbpe@juno.com.

40/ March 2013 Water Well Journal

between several different selections in an engineering setting.

The most apparent and obvious component within this subclassification is the pump and motor unit. Generally speaking, the primary classes of pumping units fall into one of the following three classes: 1. Potable and irrigation pump: submersible, vertical turbine, and centrifugal 2. Wastewater (solids handling): submersible, centrifugal, and column style 3. Wastewater (effluent): submersible, centrifugal, and column style.

Although the above units comprise the majority of the new pumping units in common use today, there are many variations within each separate class. For example, there can be a frame type of mounting versus a close-coupled design for an end-suction centrifugal pump or a right angle drive instead of an electric motor for a vertical turbine pump.

In addition, there can be special or unique construction, such as double or specially constructed mechanical seals, or materials like tungsten-carbide, stainless steel, or bronze that may be needed for endurance or longevity.

In any event, given the fact the pumping unit is often the single most expensive component in a life cycle cost analysis, it is critical that an accurate and fair appraisal of the intended unit be conducted.

When evaluating a hypothetical installation, careful consideration must be given to pipe sizing, material type, and other factors. Using smaller piping sizes may save initial cost, but the initial savings can be rapidly offset in some cases by the greater power consumption costs due to the increased frictional losses incurred.

For estimating purposes in a hypothetical installation, I use a standard value of 5 feet per second (fps) for the maximum normal velocity in suction and discharge lines for potable water pumping stations. I use 7 fps as the maximum and 3 fps for the minimum velocity for any type of wastewater application.

Transition pipe sizing immediately into the suction or off of a pump discharge should be sized in such a manner as to provide a rapid, but smooth, transition of sizes between the pump and suction/discharge pipe. For example, in lieu of precise information, an installation using an end-suction centrifuwaterwelljournal.com

gal pump with a design capacity of 400 gpm and equipped with a 3-inch (discharge size) Ă— 4-inch (suction size) under a suction lift should be assumed to use a 3-inch Ă— 6-inch discharge concentric fitting along with a 4-inch Ă— 6-inch eccentric suction adapter. Piping beyond these two fittings would be assumed as needed to connect to each side. This type of fitting selection maintains the velocity under 5 fps in both cases.

Obviously, the initial cost for a deep-well submersible pumping plant would include such items as drop pipe, drop cable, well seals, check valves, and other ancillary equipment needed to complete the installation. For a vertical turbine installation, all of the equipment required to complete the installation to the ground surface should be factored.

Beyond the obvious equipment costs, some additional— not too obvious—items should also be included such as: • System engineering and design • Equipment shipping and freight charges • Electrical switchgear and motor controllers • Purchasing and administration costs • Any needed spare parts.

CIN: Installation Costs Installation and commissioning costs for a new or hypothetical pumping plant are often the most overlooked or undervalued cost factor. This is generally due to an underappreciation of the tasks, labor unit cost, or total time required to install the system. In addition to the installation of the ac-

tual pump and driver, there are generally other tasks that are needed to prepare for or complete the installation, including: 1. Preparing and constructing the support foundation (well bedplate or concrete pedestal) 2. Installation and connection of discharge and/or suction piping to the pump 3. Installation and connection of electrical wiring and switchgear 4. Start-up, calibration, and performance testing and verification 5. Equipment loading, delivery, and off-loading 6. Site preparation of equipment (pre-tightening of couplings, motor lead splice, etc.)

7. Ancillary installation equipment: hoist truck or crane usage, pipe wrenches/tongs, etc.

8. Support equipment rental: heavy or specialty crane rental, generator, etc.

One of the most common errors when estimating this specific cost factor is the selection of the proper labor rate for employees. Many contractors forget that municipal or public works projects usually command a higher labor and fringe benefit rate than their normal billing rate, and do not factor in this differential. Once again, in order to determine a meaningful LCC, all factors used in the analysis must be accurate and proper.

ENGINEERING/continues on page 42

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Water Well Journal March 2013 41/

P.E. = Pump efficiency (as a decimal) M.E. = Motor efficiency (as a decimal)

ENGINEERING/from page 41 CE: Energy Costs

or

When conducting an LLC it is a critical factor—particularly when the estimated operation exceeds 2000 hours per year—to calculate the energy consumption cost of the unit under consideration. It is often a difficult and challenging task, especially if the unit operates on a variable frequency drive or through a control valve. In these cases the analysis must include a method of factoring the energy consumption at a selected interval value.

Simply put, if it is determined that a unit operating continuously spends 50% of the time producing 100% of its rated flow and 50% of the time producing 50% of its rated flow, the analysis must assume a value equal to 75% of its rated flow at 100% of the operational time (.50 Ă— 1.0 + .50 Ă— .50 = .75).

This simple illustration can become quite complex when the percentages vary from day to day or if the flow rate or operating hours are not accurately tracked. The basic component associated with the energy cost factor is the determination of input power to a pumping unit, calculated by using one of the two following formulas: IHP = GPM Ă— TDH Ă— S.G. 3960 Ă— P.E. Ă— M.E.

IKW = Q Ă— TDH Ă— S.G. 366 Ă— P.E. Ă— M.E.

where: IHP = Input horsepower GPM = Gallons per minute TDH = Total dynamic head (in feet) S.G. = Specific gravity of fluid (water = 1.0)

where: IKW = Input kilowatts Q = Cubic meters per hour (m3/hr) TDH = Total dynamic head (in meters) S.G. = Specific gravity of fluid (water = 1.0) P.E. = Pump efficiency (as a decimal) M.E. = Motor efficiency (as a decimal).

Once the actual input power has been determined, the result is then multiplied by the appropriate unit cost of power.

For electricity in the United States, this value is typically expressed in cents (as a decimal) per kilowatt/hour (i.e., 5 cents = .05).

Although the direct use of input kilowatts is allowed, the conversion from input horsepower necessitates multiplying the IHP result by .746 to convert to input kilowatts. The value from this result is then often multiplied by the projected or actual hours per year of operation to obtain the final value for the LCC formula. As an example, assume the following: Average flow rate = 500 GPM (fluid = water, S.G. = 1) Total dynamic head = 300 feet TDH Pump efficiency = 75% (.75) Motor efficiency = 90% (.90) Electrical unit cost = .10/kW/hour (10 cents per kilowatt hour) Projected hours of operation/year = 2500

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42/ March 2013 Water Well Journal

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signed to be fully horsepower loaded at 100% flow, but they are generally operating at a reduced flow (say at 75% of the rated flow at the best efficiency point), the usually lower pump efficiency at that flow rate should be the one used in the LCC analysis as well as the motor efficiency at 75% load.

IHP = 500 GPM × 300 feet TDH × 1 S.G. 3960 × .75 (P.E.) × .90 (M.E.) = 150,000 = 56.116 IHP × .746 = 41.86 IKW 2673 41.86 IKW × .10/kW/hour = $4.186 per hour to operate × 2500 hours/year = $10,465/year Although the energy costs determined through one of the two formulas is without question the primary factor, there are usually other cost factors involved in operating a pumping plant that are often excluded but may require consideration.

Losses associated with the transmission means of power, such as drop cable for a submersible pump or line shaft for a vertical turbine pump, usually account for 1% to 3% of the input power in added loss.

Another cost factor is often the additional head losses incurred through control or regulating valves. Even though these losses are sometimes factored into the total dynamic head, because they are often variable in value, they usually are not.

Yet another factor that can greatly impact the determination of energy costs is the selection of the pump and motor efficiencies. Although the typical values for these two operating factors are usually obtainable from manufacturers’ catalogs and data sheets, using a singular, fixed value can often lead to erroneous results in an LCC. For ultimate accuracy, the pump and motor efficiency used in the given equations should be determined based on their actual location on their respective curves.

In other words, if a pumping and motor unit are both de-

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CO: Operational Costs The operational costs are the costs associated with the labor costs related to the actual operation of the pumping plant. These costs can vary greatly and are directly related to the complexity and duty of the plant. For example, pumping plants that are used to transfer hazardous or volatile materials require a much higher level of care and attention than those needed for potable water.

In the normal, day-to-day world of a typical pumping system, this factor is often most equated to wastewater systems and particularly those used to pump large solids.

Since these systems are more prone to plugging due to stringy fibers and large (>3 inches) solids and endure more wear, they command a greater degree of attention and operating costs than most other types of pumps. Generally speaking, in most groundwater and potable water pumping applications, this factor is a minor one that is often disregarded.

This concludes Part 2 on life cycle costs for a pumping plant and how to determine them. Next month we will conclude the series with a look at the final four factors and illustrate a real-world example.

Until then, work safe and smart. WWJ

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Water Well Journal March 2013 43/

By Alexandra Walsh

Handling Employee Complaints Upset employees impact company morale so managers should take action.

o matter how satisfied your employees are, from time to time they will disagree with the way things are going.

They may disagree with a coworker or a supervisor. If not addressed, such discontent can be infectious. Employees who grumble among themselves don’t resolve problems. Employee discontent has the best outcome for a company only if and when complaints are made to managers.

Once the manager becomes aware of a problem with an employee or receives a complaint from another worker or a customer, the manager needs to investigate the situation immediately before taking any action.

N

Gather All the Facts A manager needs to be sure they have all the facts and understand what went on as much as possible. While basic fact-finding might seem easy and obvious enough to do, it’s important to know what to ask and how to get accurate information. These guidelines can help a manger get the information they need: • Ask for specifics. Get details.

Don’t assume anything.

• Review every file and every document.

• Ask open-ended questions that don’t require witnesses to confirm or deny your stated or implicit conclusions.

Alexandra Walsh is the vice president of Association Vision, a Washington, D.C.–area communications company. She has extensive experience in management positions with a range of organizations.

44/ March 2013 Water Well Journal

Make a Formal Record Managers also need to document the entire process, starting with the actual complaint or incident and ending with the final resolution or action taken.

Summaries are good for instances where behavior is being tracked over an extended period of time. If using summaries to document discipline, be sure to include the following information: • Provide specific background information such as the employee’s name, job title, date of hire.

• Record the date on which the disciplinary document is created.

• Describe the offense and why it is an offense.

• Describe any disciplinary action that is taken or will be taken as a result of the offense.

• Include the employee’s version of the events.

• Specify the future action to occur if the offensive behavior does not cease.

• Sign the form and give the employee an opportunity to sign the document.

Be Impartial and Objective

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

employee discusses the problem in generalities, probe for specific facts.

Ask the employee what they would like to see in the way of a resolution.

If the employee wants another employee fired over a minor problem, there may be more to the employee’s anger than meets the eye.

Remain calm and in control and do not lose your temper or become accusatory.

Take notes. This will assure the employee the matter is being taken seriously. You may want to have the employee write down the complaint as well. This can be part of the formal documentation.

Repeat the complaint. This will make sure the manager and the employee agree on the facts and the issues.

Do not make any decision until all the facts have been obtained, including talking to others.

Check to see if any of the business’ other policies address the problem.

Have there been other similar cases?

How were they handled in the past?

Consider the source and gather all information about the complaining employee. The more the company knows about the employee, the easier it will be to handle the complaint.

If employees feel they are being treated with respect and fairness, they are more likely to accept the resolution you suggest, even if it’s not exactly what they wanted or expected.

To show that the company takes all complaints seriously, the following actions should be taken by managers:

Hand Down the Decision

• Make sure you understand the problem. Allow the employee to talk without interruption.

• Ask questions until there is a clear understanding of the facts. If the

• If the employee’s complaint is without merit, the manager should then explain it to the employee in a pleasant, low-key manner.

Advise the employee of the decision as soon as possible. Determine the most appropriate time and place to meet with the employee.

waterwelljournal.com

• If the complaint is sound, the employee should be thanked for calling it to management’s attention so that it could be resolved.

• Follow through with any corrective action as soon as possible. Delay may result in other problems.

• Check back with the employee after taking action in order to determine if the issue has been completely resolved to their satisfaction.

Weigh the Decision

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Whatever the type of dispute or complaint and whatever steps are followed to resolve it—an informal procedure or a case-by-case approach—the final decision should do the following: • Resolve disputes in a timely manner.

• Provide a binding resolution.

• Involve those who must live with the decision.

• Be externally defensible, in case the decision is subsequently challenged.

• Be perceived as being overall fair.

WWJ

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By Julie Hansen

Harnessing the Power of Stories A good salesperson has a good tale to tell. hose who tell the stories rule the world.” – Hopi Indian proverb Storytellers have always influenced public opinion over the course of history. Did you notice during election season how all of the political candidates weaved stories of ordinary people into their speeches?

“Bob, the auto worker from Detroit who had to take a second job in order to feed his family” or “Carol, the retired widow from New Hampshire who had to go back to work in order to make ends meet.”

Politicians know what storytellers have known for centuries: Stories can draw us in, get us emotionally involved, and influence the way we think, feel, and come right down to it, act.

In a competitive market, stories can help differentiate you and your business from the competition. Stories are an effective way to engage and motivate potential customers, whether they’re ready to buy now or sometime down the road.

Why? For one, because they’re easy to remember.

Think about how many stories you can recall—many of which probably happened years before you were even born. I bet you didn’t set out to memorize the story of Moses or Sleeping Beauty, yet there they are, ingrained in your memory forever. On the other hand, you might not remember what you did last Tuesday!

“T

Julie Hansen is a professional sales trainer, speaker, and author. She authored the book ACT Like a Sales Pro in 2011 and has been featured in Selling Power, Entrepreneur, and Sales and Service Excellence magazines. She can be reached at julie@actingforsales.com and www.actingforsales.com.

46/ March 2013 Water Well Journal

Our ability to remember is significantly impacted by emotion. And since stories create emotion, the right story can almost guarantee your message is at the top of their minds when customers are ready to make a decision.

The power of a good story is something businesses and salespeople can’t afford to ignore. Here are more good reasons why you need to add the skill of storytelling to your sales tool kit.

Stories drive home your point.

A short, well-crafted story can drive home your point better than a laundry list of facts and figures. Stories package your message in a way a listener can easily digest. The real secret to their power is they allow the listener to come to their own conclusion. And if a customer has arrived at their own conclusion, that makes your job that much easier!

Stories give you credibility.

Customers hear salespeople tell them how great their products or services are all day long. It’s no wonder they get a little jaded. Not only is a story a refreshing break from that horn-blowing, but it also effectively hands over the burden of proof to an objective third party, significantly increasing your credibility.

Stories help us identify.

Cold hard facts and figures rarely move people. But put a face on those facts and it’s hard to stay detached. Stories have the ability to connect us with our emotions in a way that facts and numbers cannot. For example, telling a potential customer about the benefits of geothermal heating and cooling has much less emotion tied to it than show-

ing that same customer how one family converted to geothermal and couldn’t wait to tell everybody the positive effects it has had on their lives.

Are you a good storyteller?

The difference between telling a story and delivering a smartly crafted, meaningful story can be the difference between winning and losing business.

Even if you’re convinced you’re not good at telling stories, you can improve dramatically by applying a few simple principles.

1. Add drama.

Stories are based on drama and therefore require conflict and uncertainty before they ultimately come to a resolution. Give your story the “So what?” test. If it doesn’t pass, you may need to escalate the dramatic tension. At every point in your story ask yourself, “And then what would happen?” Whenever possible, let the tension peak before you reveal the solution.

2. Be descriptive.

Think in terms of word pictures.

Allow your listener to experience the story in a three-dimensional way by using words that engage many of the senses. Just be careful not to go adjective crazy. Pick and choose only those descriptions that help color or advance your story.

3. Be specific.

Focus on a few key details. Don’t try and cover too much because you’ll quickly overwhelm your listener and they’ll tune you out. Highlight a few key elements of your story. Quantify when you can. In other words say, “They’re saving 35%!” rather than “It’s a significant savings.” waterwelljournal.com

4. Keep it short.

In a world of increasing demands and faster communication, your story needs to be short and to the point. Studies show you have a precious few seconds to grab your listener’s attention and draw them in. Don’t waste that time setting up your story with a lot of prologue. Jump right into the action and trust your listener will be able to keep up. One to two minutes is plenty of time to tell a compelling, pointed story.

If your story is much longer than that, consider whether you’re trying to get too much across and take the time to edit it down to its critical components.

5. Stick the landing.

During last summer’s Olympics, what did the announcer say after almost every great vault? “She really stuck the landing!” Pity the gymnast who executed a perfectly beautiful vault but faltered on the landing, only to lose critical points in a competition separated by tenths of a point. In the same way, a brilliantly told story with a not so clear or over-explained ending loses critical points with your customer. Know your ending and when you’re finished, resist the urge to start explaining. Stick your landing!

6. Rehearse.

It takes practice to tell a story with impact—even if you know it well. Actors don’t wait until they get a part to start rehearsing, so don’t wait until you’re in front of a customer to start rehearsing your story. Consistently practice a story so that you have it ready to go at a moment’s notice. That will give you greater confidence and free you up to really focus on your customer. WWJ

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Water Well Journal March 2013 47/

By Ron Slee

Customer Service and Customer Satisfaction Let the customer design their own customer service delivery system.

think it’s amazing that the world is awash in customer service theories and programs.

You see, I believe we the customers should be the ones dictating the terms of the services we want to receive. I know that sounds awfully strong, maybe even arrogant and demanding, but think about it.

So let’s keep an open mind and explore what it is that we the vendors are trying to do.

Water Well Journal Editor Thad Plumley started the year with the question, “What do you offer your customers?” This is going down the same path, isn’t it?

Underlying that question is: “What do your customers need or want?”— which is one of the elements of the service profit chain introduced by Harvard Business School in the 1990s. From my perspective the service profit chain starts with the customer. Once we know what the customer wants and needs, we can design internal excellence, processes, procedures, and systems to satisfy those needs.

You can see right there that the customer tells us what to do by explaining what they need and want. Of course we

I

Ron Slee is the founder of R.J. Slee & Associates in Rancho Mirage, California, a consulting firm that specializes in dealership operations.

He also operates Quest Learning Centers, which provides training services specializing in product support, and Insight (M&R) Institute, which operates “Dealer Twenty” Groups.

He can be reached at ron@rjslee.com.

48/ March 2013 Water Well Journal

Once we know what the customer wants we can design internal excellence, processes, procedures, and systems to satisfy those needs. have a choice. If we want to satisfy the customer, then we will attempt to design internal excellence to satisfy those needs and wants. We can still choose to do things our way and presume that we know best. However, those of you who go down that path do so at your own risk.

Those who read this column regularly will recognize the name Patrick Lencioni, who I believe has contributed more to business management in the past 10 years than most. He is the author of the book Getting Naked: Shedding the Three Fears That Sabotage Client Loyalty, in which he talks about customers, protecting your business, and getting better at what you do.

He also addresses what he calls the three fears in business and how service providers should offset their own fears when dealing with their clients, as outlined in the diagram.

You can see a theme there in the diagram—“Admit your weaknesses and limitations.” This goes directly back to

Fear of Losing the Business ⽧ You should be a consultant, not a salesman ⽧ Find out what the customer wants and deliver it ⽧ You give away the business ⽧ Don’t be worried about a lower price or a higher cost ⽧ You tell the “kind” truth ⽧ Don’t avoid telling the truth ⽧ Enter the danger zone ⽧ Face up to difficulties Fear of Being Embarrassed ⽧ Ask dumb questions ⽧ You can’t pretend to know ⽧ Make dumb suggestions ⽧ Why not try radical solutions ⽧ Celebrate your mistakes ⽧ Remember those “mistakes” and avoid them in the future Fear of Feeling Inferior ⽧ Take a bullet for the client ⽧ You aren’t expected to know it all ⽧ Make everything about the client ⽧ Bury your ego ⽧ Honor the client’s work ⽧ Support their work, don’t change it ⽧ Do the dirty work ⽧ No job is too menial not to be important

waterwelljournal.com

the points Plumley was making in his January column. He recalled a conversation he had with a potential vendor in which he asked, “So how would things work if we partnered?” The answer was, “However you want things to work.”

That is the nub of the argument, isn’t it? For years we have been told to segment our customers, to look for groups that have similar needs and wants, and then design a customer service delivery system for that group. It was a one-sizefits-many approach.

That might have worked in the old days, but it doesn’t anymore. Each and every customer is a unique individual, and those of us who forget this point are in jeopardy.

Now go back again and reread the three fears. If you approach each customer as a unique individual with unique and separate needs, then you will better understand your fears and the importance of getting over them.

You don’t know the customer, so don’t be afraid to ask dumb questions.

You don’t know the customer, so don’t be afraid to make dumb suggestions.

You don’t understand the customer’s biases and expectations, so don’t worry about “making mistakes.”

We need to be able to consult the customer. “What would you like?”

Don’t make them fit into what you have to offer. Adapt your processes and approaches to their needs. That is what Lencioni calls “getting naked” in his book—being completely open and honest. And if you do it, then the terms “customer service” and “customer satisfaction” become synonyms—they mean the same thing.

I believe the Japanese taught those of us in North America a critical lesson in the early 1980s. It was the concept of a customer for life. You can sell a system or a product to a customer and congratulate yourself. But if you truly do everything you are supposed to do to support that customer and the product, then you should be able to retain that customer for their lifetime.

That should be the goal. The goal should be 100% customer retention.

This follows the same thought process, doesn’t it? Do what the customer wants

and you will succeed.

I began the column with the headline: “Customer Service and Customer Satisfaction.” Could that mean customer service versus customer satisfaction?

Well, this is obviously not the choice we need to make.

This was pointed out in another book you should read, titled Built to Last by Jim Collins and Jerry Porras. In it, they expose the “curse of if.” They say we are confronted with choices in our lives, personal and business, to do either this or that as we are told that we can’t have both sides of an equation. Collins and Porras, though, blow that concept right out of the water. They suggest that we not only can do both, but we must do both.

So, I will leave you here with that thought. Customer service and customer satisfaction are synonymous. You can do both, and making money will come naturally as the byproduct of doing your best to satisfy what your customer wants.

The time is now. WWJ

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Show your customers that you are the best in your profession—with NGWA certification.

NGWA certification shows consumers you have the knowledge, skills, and competency to get the job done, and done right.

Find out how you can stand out from the competition by becoming an NGWA Certified Well Driller and/or Pump Installer. www.NGWA.org/Certification 800 551.7379 s 614 898.7791

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Water Well Journal March 2013 49/

COMING

EVENTS

March 1–2/ Oregon Ground Water Association Spring Technical Seminar/ Wilsonville, Oregon. E-mail: nancy@ogwa.org

March 29/ Washington State Ground Water Association Driller and Pump Installer CEU Seminar/ Spokane, Washington. Web: www.wsgwa.com

March 4–6/ RemTEC Remediation Technology Summit/ Westminster, Colorado.

Web: www.remtecsummit.com

March 30/ Washington State Ground Water Association Driller and Pump Installer CEU Seminar/ Pasco, Washington. Web: www.wsgwa.com

March 5–6/ West Virginia Water Well Drillers Association Spring Conference & Trade Show/ Flatwoods, West Virginia.

PH: (304) 636-6025 March 10–13/ Alabama Rural Water Association 35th Annual Technical Training Conference/ Montgomery, Alabama. Web: http://alruralwater.com/ conference/am-1.asp March 10–13/ 2013 South Dakota Well Drillers Association/North Dakota Well Drillers Association Convention/ Deadwood, South Dakota. Web: www.ndwda.com March 10–16/ National Groundwater Awareness Week/ PH: (800) 551-7379, Fax: (614) 898-7786, E-mail: customer service@ngwa.org, Web: www.NGWA.org March 11–12/ Michigan Ground Water Association 85th Annual Convention/ Acme, Michigan. Web: www.michigan groundwater.com March 15–16/ New England Water Well Expo/ Fitchburg, Massachusetts. PH: (845) 278-0437, E-mail: newwexpo| @gmail.com. Web: http://newwassociation .org March 18–21/ WATERCON 2013/ Springfield, Illinois. Web: www.isawwa.org March 20–22/ Michigan Rural Water Association Annual Management and Technical Conference/ City TBA, Michigan. PH: (989) 539-4111 March 20–22/ Texas Rural Water Association 44th Annual Convention/ Austin, Texas. Web: www.trwa.org March 22/ Washington State Ground Water Association Driller and Pump Installer CEU Seminar/ Tacoma, Washington. Web: www.wsgwa.com March 23/ Washington State Ground Water Association Driller and Pump Installer CEU Seminar/ Kelso, Washington. Web: www.wsgwa.com March 25–28/ Mississippi Rural Water Association Annual Conference/ City TBA, Mississippi. Web: www.msrwa.org

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April 9–12/ Texas Water 2013/ Galveston, Texas. Web: www.texaswater.com April 19–20/ Empire State Water Well Drillers’ Association Spring Meeting/ Middletown, New York. Web: www .nywelldriller.org April 22/ Earth Day/ Web: www .earthday.org April 22–25/ California Rural Water Association Expo/ South Lake Tahoe, California. Web: www.calruralwater.org /p/expo April 28–May 2/ 2013 NGWA Summit—The National and International Conference on Groundwater/ San Antonio, Texas. PH: (800) 551-7379, Fax: (614) 898-7786, E-mail: customerservice @ngwa.org, Web: www.NGWA.org April 30/ Asset Management for Groundwater-Based Public Supply Systems short course/ San Antonio, Texas. PH: (800) 551-7379, Fax: (614) 898-7786, E-mail: customerservice@ngwa.org, Web: www .NGWA.org May 2–3/ Applications of Groundwater Geochemistry short course/ San Antonio, Texas. PH: (800) 551-7379, Fax: (614) 898-7786, E-mail: customerservice @ngwa.org, Web: www.NGWA.org May 2–4/ 2013 Florida Ground Water Association Annual Convention and Trade Show/ Orlando, Florida. Web: www.fgwa.org/events.cfm May 6–8/ Ohio Rural Water Association Annual Managers and Directors Conference, Exposition and Golf Outing/ Athens, Ohio. Web: http://ohiorural water.org May 6–10/ 13th Multidisciplinary Conference on Sinkholes and the Engineering and Environmental Impacts of Karst/ Carlsbad, New Mexico. Web: https://sites.google.com/site/sinkhole conference2013 May 14–16/ 2013 North Carolina Rural Water Association Conference and

Exhibition/ Greensboro, North Carolina.

Web: www.ncrwa.com/events May 18–21/ Georgia Rural Water Association 2013 Spring Training Conference/ Jekyll Island, Georgia. Web: www.grwa .org/grwa_conference.html June 4–6/ 25th Annual International Windmillers Trade Fair/ PH: (316) 7781191, E-mail: flinthillswinmil@sbc global.net, Web: www.360ElDorado.com June 9–13/ American Water Works Association ACE 13 Annual Conference and Exposition/ Denver, Colorado. Web: www.awwa.org June 19/ Ohio Groundwater Forum: Protecting and Managing Groundwater for the Future/ Columbus, Ohio. PH: (800) 551-7379, Fax: (614) 898-7786, E-mail: customerservice @ngwa.org, Web: www.NGWA.org June 22–24/ 2013 South Atlantic Well Drillers Jubilee/ Virginia Beach, Virginia.

Web: www.jubileewatershow.com July 14–18/ Louisiana Rural Water Association Annual Conference/ Alexandria, Louisiana. Web: http://lrwa .org/Conference.html *Dates shown in red are National Ground Water Association events. *Dates shown with are events where the National Ground Water Research and Educational Foundation’s McEllhiney Lecture will be presented.

Lecture schedules are subject to change.

Check www.NGWA.org for the latest information.

Check out NGWA’s Online Calendar of Events Head to www.NGWA.org to see a full online industry calendar of events.

In the “Events-Education” area, there is a link to a calendar of groundwaterrelated events happening all around the world. There are also details on NGWA offerings including the Groundwater Expo, its short courses, conferences, webinars, brownbag sessions, and recordings of past events. There is also information on the Association’s custom training program. waterwelljournal.com

257 Caroline St. 257 Caroline St.

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STATE

WATCH

Putting On Valued Events A lot of work goes into putting on events for the Colorado Water Well Contractors Association.

By Jennifer Michel tate shows are essential to the groundwater industry because they bring professionals together to advance education, support better business practices, and promote industry awareness.

These events give members the opportunity to earn continuing education credits and stay up to date on the latest developments in the groundwater industry, as well as connect with their friends and business contacts from around the state and region.

Sherry Engleberg, executive director of the Colorado Water Well Contractors Association, plays a key role in planning the two main events hosted by the CWWCA each year. The 2013 CWWCA Annual Conference was held January 10-12 in Denver, Colorado.

The event was successful once again with approximately 240 attendees and 39 supplier and manufacturer exhibitors.

The association strives every year to feature classes that are important and relevant to the industry professionals in Colorado, and this year was no different. The most popular topics focused on safety, business, and hydrogeology.

Engleberg says next year the CWWCA plans to focus on water usage and how it affects both residential and commercial properties in the state.

Water usage was also highlighted in the 2013 McEllhiney Lecture Series presentation at the CWWCA Annual Conference. The lecturer, John Jansen, Ph.D., PG, presented “Keeping the Pump Primed: Aquifer Sustainability.”

The presentation in Denver was just the second stop on his busy schedule that

S

Jennifer Michel is the member services specialist for the National Ground Water Association. She can be reached at jmichel@ngwa.org.

52/ March 2013 Water Well Journal

When asked about planning events, Engleberg stresses “organization, organization, organization.” will take him around the country this year.

Those in attendance heard Jansen discuss several varying definitions of “sustainability” that apply to the management of an aquifer, how different states are addressing this, how it affects business, how regulatory practices are evolving, and the steps needed for successful management from all perspectives.

While the main objectives of state shows are usually education and business connections, the CWWCA also planned activities outside the classroom and exhibit hall. To keep their members entertained during lunch, they brought in Tim Gard, CSP, CPAE, to give a presentation titled “Remember Laughter Becomes You” about how to have fun.

In addition, the conference included both a silent and live auction with a professional auctioneer to benefit the CWWCA’s Buck Lively Scholarship fund. “The auction is very successful,” says Engleberg, who credits the success to CWWCA’s members and suppliers.

The scholarship fund benefits students in both undergraduate and graduate programs.

The CWWCA also hosts an annual event each July in Breckenridge, Colorado, for professionals to earn continuing education credits. This event usually has about 60 attendees and many bring their families to enjoy everything Breckenridge has to offer. This year’s event takes place July 12-14 and will provide courses focusing on groundwater usage and monitoring.

When asked about planning such events, Engleberg stresses the importance of “organization, organization, organization.”

Overall, conference attendees most enjoy the camaraderie they experience when they connect with others in their industry and region. Engleberg says the supplier and manufacturer exhibit hall where many people meet up is often named the favorite part of the annual conference by attendees.

State shows make it possible for professionals to come together and share valuable knowledge while bettering the industry—and those effects expand far beyond state lines. WWJ Visit www.cwwca.org to learn more about the Colorado Water Well Contractors Association. You can find more information about water usage in Colorado and all states on the Affiliate State Program page in the Member Center area of www.NGWA.org.

New York More than 50 attended and more than 30 exhibited at the Empire State Water Well Drillers Association Annual Meeting, January 15-16 in Rome, New York.

Frederick Allan, senior labor investigator with the New York Department of Labor, presented “Prevailing Wages and All Things Labor Related.”

One of the issues the ESWWDA is facing is the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation will not adopt regulations to license geothermal drillers.

NGWA Past President Art Becker, MGWC, CPG, and Board Director Jeffrey W. Williams, MGWC, CVCLD, attended the meeting. waterwelljournal.com

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NEWSMAKERS NEW ADDITIONS/PROMOTIONS Wilo announced Cliff Alford has been appointed as key offshore accounts manager for Wilo USA, a subsidiary of Wilo SE, which is a manufacturer of pumps and pump systems for water supply and other uses. Alford brings in more than 17 years of experience in the pump Cliff Alford industry.

John Seawright

Suzy Wooten

Wilo also announced John Seawright has been promoted to key accounts manager for Wilo USA. Assuming his duties as western regional sales manager will be Suzy Wooten.

Rig Source Inc. announced it has selected key personnel for sales and service positions for its Terramac rubber track carrier line. Joey Giannetto has been appointed service manager, Bobby Dawson will serve as a sales representative for the Terramac RT9, and Becky Bludgen accepted an appointment as sales and marketing specialist.

The RT9 is a multipurpose rubber track crawler carrier manufactured by Rig Source for use in the drilling, construction, utility, and pipeline industries.

Joey Giannetto

Bobby Dawson

Becky Bludgen

54/ March 2013 Water Well Journal

SJE-Rhombus, a global control solutions provider for the water and wastewater industry, announced the addition of Don Weirens as engineered solutions sales manager. Weirens has more than 20 years of experience in the sales and marketing of water and wastewater Don Weirens controls, business development, and manufacturing.

Alps Wire Rope Corp. welcomes Mike Briand as district sales manager for the Mid Atlantic and Northeast. Briand has 32 years of wire rope experience. Alps Wire Rope also announced Natosha the hiring of Natosha Anderson as a customer Anderson service representative.

CERTIFICATION Strataflo Products, a manufacturer of check valves and foot valves in brass, stainless steel, and plastic, announced that it is now ISO 9001:2008 Certified.

ISO 9001:2008 is a set of standards created by the International Standards Organization to govern a company’s quality management system.

BUSINESS GROWTH Boshart Industries announced that it has completed the acquisition of Flomatic Corp. in a share purchase transaction from Watts Water Technologies Inc., North Andover, Massachusetts.

The sale excludes the backflow product line of Flomatic, which was retained by Watts. Flomatic is based in Glens Falls, New York, and is a manufacturer of high-quality valve products for water and wastewater for more than 80 years.

Water-Right Inc., a manufacturer of residential and commercial quality water treatment systems in Appleton, Wisconsin, announced it has acquired CustomCare Water Technologies.

CustomCare Water Technologies, based in Neenah, Wisconsin, will expand Water-Right’s portfolio of water treatment products and services.

Schneider Electric, a global specialist in energy management, announced that it has entered into a distributor agreement with Kaman Industrial Technologies, a subsidiary of Kaman Corp.

KIT, a power transmission distributor in the United States, will become a distributor for Schneider Electric’s line of industrial automation and control products.

NEWS ON THE WEB Hach Co. now provides a way to get started with its Water Information Management Solution data management software, WIMS Online, on its Web site www.hach.com. It offers users all of the benefits of Hach WIMS, but enables access over the Internet from any Windows mobile device, tablet, or PC. Global water technology company Xylem Inc. announced its latest mobile application for all iPad, iPhone, and Android devices for its Bell & Gossett brand. The app provides industry professionals with one-touch access to brochures, submittals, performance curves, drawings, specifications, part lists, and installation and operation manuals.

After a complete redesign of its marketplace Web page in April 2012, Atlas Copco has now made the site smartphone friendly. The mobile Web site makes accessing used Atlas Copco equipment even easier. Accessible via www.atlascopcomarketplace.com, the mobile Web site is one of several improvements since the site’s 2008 debut that make the online service even more useful to customers.

Baroid Industrial Drilling Products’ first mobile app is now available for download. The new app provides easy access to Baroid IDP’s Field Reference Guide and features information such as calculations, product data sheets, tank stickers, and more. To download, visit Apple’s App Store and search for “Baroid IDP”.

Do you have any news about your company or someone at your firm? If so, send all the necessary information to: Mike Price, Water Well Journal, 601 Dempsey Rd., Westerville, OH 43081.E-mail: mprice@ngwa.org. Deadline is 15th of two months preceding publication (March 15 for May issue).

waterwelljournal.com

Convenient Peristaltic Pump from Solinst Shows Versatility

mL/min, ideal for low-flow sampling.

The pump tubing connects to smaller diameter downhole tubing with ease for high-sample integrity. It is effective to depths up to the suction lift limit, as much as 33 feet at sea level. It is ideal for sampling in Solinst Model 615 Drive-Point Piezometers.

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Designed for rugged field use, the reversible flow Solinst Peristaltic Pump is ideal for water or vapor sampling from shallow wells and surface water. The metal case is extremely robust, compact, and lightweight. It has no vents, grates, or openings, making it water resistant, easy to use in the field, and easy to maintain and repair. It connects to a 12V power source to operate.

One easy-access control allows highor low-flow sampling. The pump can be fitted with two sizes of silicone tubing.

Standard ⅝-inch tubing can give flow rates to almost 3.5 L/min, while optional ⅜-inch tubing allows rates as low as 40

Inaugural Orders Mark Franklin Electric Introduction of Pumping Solutions for Energy Systems Franklin Electric marked the commercial launch of its artificial lift pumping solutions with significant orders from global customers. Exxaro, a South African–based mining group which provided several test sites for the project, has placed an inaugural order for seven complete pumping systems for its Botswana

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Coal project. Over the last two years Franklin Electric has been field testing artificial lift products in coalbed methane, shale gas, and oil-stripper fields throughout the United States, sub-Saharan Africa, and Australia.

Originally developed with the coalbed methane extraction market in mind, Franklin’s artificial lift systems use submersible water pumping technology to de-liquefy gas wells, allowing the gas to be released from geological formations and rise to the surface.

Franklin’s system is unique in its marriage of progressive cavity pumps with submersible motors to make a system that captures the benefits of both technologies.

In its line of Energy Systems products, Franklin Electric manufactures submersible progressive cavity pumps and submersible centrifugal pumps.

Franklin also offers comprehensive well management systems for both gas and water, comprised of variable frequency drives, control systems, and telemetry

National Groundwater Awareness Week Promote the resource that provides your livelihood.

Educate your customers about the importance of annual water testing and well maintenance during National Groundwater Awareness Week, March 10-16, 2013. You will be helping them, yourself, your business, your industry, and the resource.

NGWA is here to help you spread the word! From sample letters to the editor and radio spots to print ads, posters, and fliers, NGWA has materials for you to use. To access these resources—and more—visit www.NGWA.org/ AwarenessWeek or call NGWA’s public awareness department at 800 551.7379 or 614 898.7791.

March 10-16, 2013 Twitter @WaterWellJournl

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Water Well Journal March 2013 55/

FEATURED

PRODUCTS

equipment suited for local and remote communication.

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Vermeer Moving-Head Design Helps Enhance Production

Vermeer introduces three new products to its pneumatic piercing tool lineup. The Vermeer Hole Hammer pneumatic piercing tool is a powerful and economical solution that can operate in a full range of soil conditions and

applications, with innovative features that provide exceptional control and easy start-up.

A moving-head design provides full striking force of the piston to the head of the tool pulverizing stones into the surrounding soil. The residual energy generated is used to help the tool body travel through the compacted bore path.

This results in more accuracy in tough soil conditions and also reduced tool deflection.

SK-3500 Groundwater Well Sampling & Monitoring System The World’s Finest Sampling Equipment

It also incorporates a mechanical reset for the head assembly, helping ensure each blow delivered compacts soil in front of the tool to increase production and accuracy. Because Hole Hammer tools feature a mechanical spring reset design, the head fits tightly to the body of the tool, resulting in an easy and smooth-starting tool.

The Vermeer Hole Hammer piercing tool is available in 2-, 2½-, and 3-inch sizes.

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LCD Encoder Improves Reading Performance, Programmability Broadens Measurement Options

AMS special order shelter to keep customers out of the weather as they are purging their wells / taking a water sample.

AMS SK-3500 Well Management System with 300’ of hose and 3’’ Grundfos pump with electric over hydraulic controls.

*Optional hose lengths and pumps are available.

AMS, Inc 105 Harrison Street 71 Years American Falls, ID Since 1942 83211

To learn more, call 1-800-635-7330 or 208-226-2017 or visit http://www.ams-samplers.com http://www.facebook.com/amssampling

56/ March 2013 Water Well Journal

A new high resolution electronic liquid crystal display (LCD) encoder from Badger Meter provides utilities with improved reading performance and important feature upgrades. The Badger Meter High Resolution Encoder is fully electronic, solid-state, as well as field programmable.

Utilities have access to industry standard encoder ASCII output with an easy-to-read high resolution nine-digit LCD display. The display toggles between nine digits, six digits, rate of flow, and meter model. Status indicators/alarms are sent as part of the high resolution encoded output for endpoints capable of receiving extended messages.

All encoders come factory-programmed to customer order specifications. Utilities may also program the unit of measure, meter type, meter model, billing units, and rate-of-flow parameters. Programming of the encoder can be performed at any time, helping to manage and reduce inventory requirements.

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FEATURED Stenner Announces New Econ Series Pumps

Stenner Pump Co., a manufacturer of peristaltic metering pumps, announces two metering pump varieties in the new Econ Series: the FP and the T. The Econ Series are compact, easy to operate pumps offering an economic alternative for solution metering.

The Econ FP is a pump that can respond to flow from a variety of water conditioning equipment. The pump can accept a pulse input from a dry contact water meter, a signal from a dry contact flow switch, or a 24VAC signal from a water softener or other control equipment responding to flow.

The Econ T is a pump with flexible scheduling capabilities for timed applications. The schedule can vary up to 24 separate events within a seven-day period.

The pumps weigh only 4 pounds with a small footprint for mounting to a wall, a Stenner tank, or for horizontal display. The Econ Series includes the patented quick release pump head design and solid one piece tube construction for effortless tube replacement.

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Solinst’s Coaxial Cable Water Level Meter Fits in Tight Spaces

The Model 102 Coaxial Cable Water Level Indicator from Solinst uses narrow cable and probes for measuring water levels in tight spaces. For the narrowest applications, the ¼-inch P1 stainless steel probe is the choice, with 12 segmented weights for easy handling. This option offers greater flexibility in angled piezometers, and assists in bypassing downhole restrictions or pumps.

The coaxial cable has a tough polyethylene jacket with laser markings each 1/100 foot or millimeter. The braided copper outer conductor provides flexi-

VOSS

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bility and the stainless steel central conductor reduces stretch and resists corrosion. It is available in lengths to 1000 feet. An LED light and loud buzzer indicate water level; sensitivity can be adjusted to suit each application.

The Model 102M Mini Water Level Indicator comes with either 80 feet or 25 meters of cable on a small portable reel. Also available are Model 101 Flat Tape Water Level Meters.

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Twitter @WaterWellJournl

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FEATURED

PRODUCTS

Merrill Manufacturing Introduces New Stainless Steel Hydrant Elbows

Merrill Manufacturing introduces two new stainless steel hydrant elbows.

The SSHE125 is 1¼- inch insert by 1¼inch MIP and the SSHE1000 is 1-inch insert by 1-inch MIP. Each connect plastic pipe to male iron pipe. Each hydrant elbow is made of investment cast 304 stainless steel for strength and economy.

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Fecon Announces Residential Geothermal Vertical Drill

Fecon Inc. introduces the new Geothermal Series GL300 vertical drill for contractors and HVAC dealers installing

ground loop heating and cooling systems. Fecon’s GL300 is equipped for up to 300 feet depth to provide high efficiency ground loops with lower grout costs as a result of the reduced hole volume of a 4-inch opening. The compact GL300 also enables contractors to win jobs previously considered inaccessible due to equipment size or weight. The GL300 is 194 inches long by 73 inches wide by 94 inches high, weighing 9876 pounds, and comes with low-impact rubber tracks for maneuverability to cross driveways or flat and hilly lawns.

The GL300 tackles high costs and inefficiencies that become a major price

detractor for home owners or small businesses wanting to have geothermal systems installed. A 46 hp crawler with load sense hydraulics to the drill mast, and a 99 hp, 300 cfm/200 psi air compressor enables drilling of 4-inchdiameter holes with greater speed and lower fuel consumption. A 200-foot rod rack can carry 10-foot sections of straight rod, auger rod, or an air hammer to the hole.

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Reed Rotary Cutters Stretch and Shrink to New Sizes

Reed introduces Rotary Cutters in new sizes for the biggest and smallest pipe diameters. The new RC42S Rotary Cutter is designed for manual cuts on 40- to 42-inch steel pipe. Using the proven cutting mechanics of Reed’s Rotary Cutter line, the RC42 takes advantage of good leverage from its long handle which is used to turn the cutter.

An included wrench is used to tighten the cutter and only 11.8-inch clearance is needed. Pipe snaps off squarely once

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the operator works the RC42S manually around the cut zone.

On the small side of the spectrum, Reed is now offering an LCRC4 Low Clearance Rotary Cutter for 2- to 4-inch steel, cast iron, or ductile iron pipe. Also of heavy-duty construction, this juniorsized cutter requires just 4-inch clearance around the pipe to make the cut.

Quality Reed cutter wheels are used in both the RC42S and the LCRC4 models, thus ensuring a clean cut due in part to the wheels’ thin profile design.

Circle card no. 58

Hydroflo Pumps Provide Zero Lead Pump

Hydroflo Pumps USA Inc., a manufacturer of turbines, pumps, and specialty products for numerous industries since 1998, manufactures the Zero Lead Pump that meets and exceeds regulations of the Safe Drinking Water Act, including the most stringent laws in the states of California and Vermont.

The standard Hydroflo Zero Lead Pump features stainless steel impellers and hardware, cast iron lined bowls and Vesconite bearings, a specialized thermoplastic composed of internally lubricated polymers. Impellers are offered in 201, 304, and 316 stainless steel.

The Hydroflo product line ranges from vertical and submersible turbines to zero lead and drainage pumps.

Circle card no. 59

Goulds Water Technology Introduces Aquavar SPD Plus

Goulds Water Technology, a Xylem brand, introduces the Aquavar SPD Plus variable speed pump controller. Designed for the professional pump installer and built for demanding conditions in a wide range of applications, the SPD Plus enhances the Goulds Water Twitter @WaterWellJournl

FEATURED

PRODUCTS

Technology product line of variable speed pump controllers.

The SPD Plus was developed specifically for commercial submersible and above ground centrifugal pumps. The SPD Plus adjusts motor speed to match the hydraulic needs of the system and maintain pressure, substantially reduces energy draw during lower flow, and allows the pump to run at its highest efficiency. Additional features include a pre-set for submersible or surface motor characteristics and pre-wired and tested transducer. Total setup time is less than 30 minutes.

The SPD Plus is rated for the higher amp requirements typical of submersible pumps. The 230V drives can be used on either three-phase or singlephase power supplies. Drives are UL listed for either configuration.

visible spectrum.

The instrument is also equipped with RFID technology which not only helps operators track their samples, it helps them manage their labs.

When the DR 6000 is paired with Hach’s TNTplus reagent vials, it detects and alerts users to expired reagents, ensuring chemistries are used within their shelf lives.

Hach Launches DR 6000 Spectrophotometer

The complete buyers guide is online with searches for company name, product type, and location. Go to http://info.ngwa.org/wwjbg/ today!

Circle card no. 59

Circle card no. 60

If you have a product that you would like considered, send a release to Mike Price, Water Well Journal, 601 Dempsey Rd., Westerville, OH 43081. E-mail: mprice@ngwa.org.

Get More Product Details with WWJ ’s Online Buyers Guide

Hach Co. has developed the latest innovation in lab testing, the DR 6000 UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The TM DR 6000 is equipped with RFID technology, integrated QA software, more than 250 testing methods and guided procedures, making it one of the most advanced spectrophotometers available.

Reliable and traceable results are some of the greatest benefits the DR 6000 can provide. This instrument is programmed to take absorbance readings of a single

By Marks Products Inc. sample at different www.geovision.org wavelengths or over For a free DVD, a specific period of call (800) 255-1353 time, and allows or e-mail high-speed wavejeff@geovision.org length scanning across the UV and

GeoVISION Borehole Cameras

Circle card no. 20

●

●

Some features of the GeoVISIONTM Deluxe System: ● Excellent video from places that no other systems will work. ● Five cable lengths for video inspection to 2000 feet underwater. ● Six interchangeable camera heads for use in bores from 1 inch to many feet in diameter. ● Motorized pan-tilt for use in mines and wells over 4 inches in diameter.

Dual Scan micro camera for easy switching between down and side views All GeoVISIONTM systems come with excellent support, practical advice, and repair service.

Water Well Journal March 2013 59/

TAKING

DELIVERY

Terracon Orders Rig Source’s Terramac RT9 Mounted with CME 55 Drill

Godbe Drilling Purchases Second Atlas Copco Christensen CS1000 Core Drill

Kansas-based Terracon, a firm of consulting engineers and scientists with more than 130 offices across the United States, ordered from Rig Source Inc. the first CME 55 drill rig ever to be mounted on a Terramac RT9, which is the only North American–made rubber track carrier. The CME RT9 combo will now be used in Terracon’s geotechnical, environmental, construction, and facilities services provided to clients across the United States.

Godbe Drilling, based in Montrose, Colorado, purchased from Rig Source Inc. its second Atlas Copco Christensen CS1000 core drill. Rig Source had not only repaired the CS1000, but customized a skid and platform for Godbe’s drill. To ensure the drill was built precisely to its needs, Godbe sent one of its drillers as a consultant during the customization process.

Just made a deal that you’d like to see in print? Mail photos and a brief description to Water Well Journal, Mike Price, 601 Dempsey Rd., Westerville, OH 43081, or e-mail mprice@ngwa.org.

Two Terramac RT9 Crawlers Added to Shafer Equipment Fleet

Terramac LLC announced that Shafer Equipment LLC added two Terramac RT9 crawler carriers to its rental equipment fleet. The two RT9 rubber track carriers have mounted dump beds, but the units have the availability for a separate undercarriage option that allows original equipment manufacturers or contractors to mount their own equipment (flat beds, dump beds, digger derricks, tack units, water tanks, cranes, scissor lifts, and more).

The best just keeps getting better.

Visit the online home of Water Well Journal today! www.WaterWellJournal.com The online home of Water Well Journal ÂŽ allows you to:

2013 G

A Soun roundwater Expo d Inves December tment 3-6 Nas hville, Te

s 2ECEIVE BREAKING NEWS s !CCESS THE CURRENT PUBLICATION s 6IEW ARCHIVED ARTICLES s 3EARCH CURRENT BUYERS GUIDES s +EEP UPDATED ON .'7! NEWS

nnessee

USA

,OG ON TODAY

Visit www.WaterWellJournal.com and see for yourself how the best just keeps getting better.

60/ March 2013 Water Well Journal

Circle card no. 30

waterwelljournal.com

Classified Advertising/Marketplace 15 Bits Bits, subs, stabilizers, hole openers, etc.

Over 10,000 bits in stock.

R L C Bit Service Inc. 8643 Bennett Rd. P.O. Box 714 Benton, IL 62812 www.rlcbit.com

ƨȯȺȻȳɀΎƚȷɂΎƛȽȻȾȯȼɇΎȽˎȳɀɁΎ ȶȷȵȶΎȿɃȯȺȷɂɇΎȲɀȷȺȺȷȼȵΎȰȷɂɁΎȴȽɀΎȯΎ ɄȯɀȷȳɂɇΎȽȴΎȯȾȾȺȷȱȯɂȷȽȼɁΎ˱Ύ ȲɀȷȺȺȷȼȵΎȱȽȼȲȷɂȷȽȼɁ˷Ύ ͻ ƠȷȵȶΎƩɃȯȺȷɂɇΎ ͻ ƫɃȾȳɀȷȽɀΎƨȳɀȴȽɀȻȯȼȱȳ ͻ ƜɃɀȯȰȷȺȷɂɇ ͻ ƮȯɀȷȳɂɇΎȽȴΎƙȾȾȺȷȱȯɂȷȽȼɁ ͻ ƚȷɂΎƪȳɅȽɀȹΎƫȳɀɄȷȱȳɁΎ

Call us Today!

1-800-421-2487 www.palmerbit.com sales@palmerbit.com

Put your company’s message here!

Classified advertising is a great way to reach the water well industry.

Ph: (618) 435-5000 Cell: (618) 927-2676 Cell: (618) 927-5586 Fax: (618) 438-0026

Jason Corn E-mail: rlcbit373@frontier.com Rick Corn E-mail: rlcbit77@frontier.com

3 Appraisals

18 Breakout Tools

Equipment Appraisals

BREAKOUT TOOLS

Nationally recognized and accredited equipment appraisals for water well drill rigs and well drilling equipment for banks, lenders, mergers, accountants, estate planning, IRS, and auctions. Experienced, knowledgeable, and recognized worldwide in the water well drilling industry. Accurate and confidential appraisal reports.

SEMCO Inc. All Hydraulic Hydrorench S110H In Stock 1-10 Four Rollers Breaks Pipe Make Pipe to Torque Specs 800-541-1562

SALVADORE AUCTIONS & APPRAISALS 401.792.4300 www.siaai.com

Add a color to your display classified ad for only $49.

Please call Shelby to make arrangements 1-800-551-7379 ext. 523

Call Shelby to make arrangements at 1-800-551-7379 ext 523.

Twitter @WaterWellJournl

Water Well Journal March 2013 61/

57 Direct Push Supplies

60 Down Hole Inspection Water Well Inspection Systems

(&7 Manufacturer of Pre-Pack Screens 4” ID Pre-Pack NOW AVAILABLE Standard Pre-Pack When You Would Set A Traditional Well Economy Pre-Pack When Cost Is A Factor 20% Open Area High Yield Pre-Pack For Use In Low Yield Wells All Stainless Steel Pre-Pack For Aggressive Groundwater Environments Non-Metal Pre-Pack When Metal Components Are Not Compatible Annular Seals Foam Bridges, Bentonite & Quick-Sleeves CUSTOM INJECTION Pre-Packs ***A Johnson Screens Distributor*** **We Stock Geoprobe® Compatible Supplies & Tooling** *Proactive® Pumps Master Distributor*

Toll Free 1-888-240-4328 Phone: 1-609-631-8939 Fax: 1-609-631-0993 ectmfg.com proactivepumps.com torquerplug.com

Portable, truck or trailermounted Retrofit your existing vehicle New Zoom feature for 2013 360° side wall viewing color cameras Inspection depths up to 2,000 feet

75 Electric Motors EQUIPMENT WANTED: Electric motors wanted. Vertical hollow shaft pump motors. 20 to 500 hp good or bad, will pick up.

PH: (800) 541-1562.

Contact us at: Toll Free: (800) 671-0383 (559) 291-0383 ext.111 Fax: (559) 291-0463 Email: jim.lozano@ariesindustries.com Or visit us at: www.ariesindustries.com

Did you know?

Water Well Journal classified advertisements appear online (at no additional cost) each month at www.waterwelljournal.com.

Get Safety Resources Online You can never be too safe, so take advantage of safety resources online. Go to the Web site of the National Ground Water Association and check out the resources it has available at www.NGWA.org/ Professional-Resources/safety/ pages.

Also while you’re at the Web site, make sure to check out NGWA Press’ newest safety item, Safety Meetings for the Groundwater Industry, a set of 52 sheets that provide information so companies can hold weekly safety meetings on topics specific to their industry.

Check it out!

See what you’re missing . . .

71 Drilling Equipment

Higgins Rig Co. Uptime….

The Key To Your Operation!

DRILLS - PARTS All Makes – All Models

www.higrig.com FREE Call - (800) 292-7447 (270) 325-3300 Fax: (270) 325-3405 Office: 2594 Stiles Ford Rd. Hodgenville, KY Shop: 1797 Bardstown Rd. Hodgenville, KY

62/ March 2013 Water Well Journal

waterwelljournal.com

76 Elevators

80 Employment

J & K To o l C o m p a n y I n c .

Kwik Klamps 1 & 2 (adjustable 1 –2 or 21⠄2 – 4 ) NEW – Kwik Klamp 3 (for 6 PVC) Elevators for PVC well casing (sizes 1 –16 ) Heavy Duty PVC Elevators (sizes 4 –8 ) Flush Joint PVC Pipe Clamps (sizes 4 –24 ) www.jktool.com sales@jktool.com Tel 320-563-4967 Fax 320-563-8051

Standard Manufacturing

Largest water well pipe elevator manufacturing company in the United States.

1 – 16 Elevators All steel with safety latch.

Phone:

(936) 336-6200 (800) 337-0163 Fax: (936) 336-6212 E-Mail: StandardManufacturing @yahoo.com Web site: www.standardmfg.com

SEMCO of Lamar 800-541-1562 Fax 719-336-2402

Credit Cards Accepted

Dealers Wanted

SkyRex Water Well Elevators

Manufacturer/Master Distributor of water well accessories seeking sales people to call on wholesale accounts in the following states: Alabama Mississippi Michigan Indiana Send letter of interest to seck@ngwa.org

Driller/Drilling Crew

For temporary hire With or without drill rig Willing to travel 30+ years experience 484-225-8729 610-791-9500

Rig transportation also available.

Didn’t find what you were looking for?

2 thru 36 Also lightweight PVC elevators Now Available!

“Complete Reverse Circulation Drill Strings�

Rex McFadden 7931 19th Lubbock, TX 70407

Ph (806) 791-3731 Fax (806) 791-3755

Try NGWA’s Career Center at www.careers.ngwa.org for more opportunities. Whether you are looking for the right job or the right employee, the NGWA Career Center can provide you with an industry-specific listing to hone your search. Questions? Call Rachel at 800 551.7379, ext 504, or e-mail rjones@ngwa.org.

HELP WANTED: Seeking f/t driller for water well and geothermal drilling in Corbin, Kentucky. Class A/B CDL license is a must. Min. of 5 yrs. drilling exp. is preferred. Also prefer welding and mech skills.

Tobacco free company. If interested e-mail resume to kevin@mosesdrilling.com or call (606) 523-1215.

105 Injection Pumps

www.rexmcfadden.com

90 Equipment

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New Low Prices

Low yield well?

Get more water without overpumping.

, / 0 1 .

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www.wellmanager.com

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✔ Use on wells yielding as little as 0.10 gpm. ✔ Turn-key collection and delivery system. ✔ Fits through 24� doors. ✔ Good money from bad wells.

For more information, log-on or call 800-211-8070.

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Water Well Journal March 2013 63/

106 Installation Accessories

115 Mud Pumps

116 Mud Systems

Heat Shrink from B&B Wholesale

Hydraulic drive mud pumps —small and lightweight—

DESANDER

"We are the heat shrink people" - Heat shrink kits for #14 to 4/0 wire - Volume pricing - Custom kits made to order - Private labeling available - Quick shipping - Four types of heat shrink tubing in stock - Large selection of installation accessories including pressure gauges, tapes, valves and tank fittings packages Supplying "Made in USA" heat shrink tubing to pump and well installers since 1994.

800-593-9403

Mini-Desander 71/2 10 duplex pump • Fits in the place of a 5 6 • Pumps 300 GPM at up to 800 PSI • Weighs 1000 lbs. less than a 5 6 • Single and three cylinder models also available

MUD MIXER CM Consulting & Equipment Jerry Mason Specialist in your drilling and grouting problems.

1640 Oppenheimer Rd., Bedford, PA 15522

(814) 623-1675

(814) 623-7285 FAX

Centerline Manufacturing U.S Pat. #6,769,884 and others pending

903-725-6978

www.centerlinemanufacturing.com

128 Pump Pullers TRACTION MOBILITY PERFORMANCE AND PREFERRED

129 Pumps

137 Services

DEPENDABLE WATER...WHEREVER YOU ARE

REPAIRS: Eastman deviation survey clocks (mechanical drift indicators) repaired. We also have three, six, and twelve degree angle units, charts, and other accessories in stock. Call Downhole Clock Repair, (325) 660-2184.

Reliant Solar/Electric Water Pump™

Rugged, Simple, Affordable

www.artisanpumpco.com

PUL-A-PUMP DO THE WORK

139 Slotting Machines

973-697-2008

J & K To o l C o m p a n y

LET

P.O. Box 155, Stockholm, NJ 07460 www.pulapump.com

PUL-A-PUMP CORPORATION

PVC Screen Slotting Machines

PVC Threading Machines

Perforating Machines Affordable, easy to operate automated machines with touch screen programming.

Did you know?

Water Well Journal classified advertisements appear online (at no additional cost) each month at www.waterwelljournal.com.

Check it out!

www.jktool.com sales@jktool.com Tel 320-563-4967 Fax 320-563-8051

64/ March 2013 Water Well Journal

waterwelljournal.com

JOURNAL

125 Pump Hoists A PUBLICATION OF THE NATIONAL GROUND WATER ASSOCIATION

2013 Models

S4,000 Pump Hoist, 8,000# cap., 35 telescoping mast, 30 gal. oil tank, hydro pump, 5T safety hook, hydro controls and variable speed engine control . . . . . . . . . . . . $14,245

S6,000 Pump Hoist, 16,000# 3L cap., 35 telescoping mast, 30 gal. oil tank, hydro pump, 5T safety hook, hydro controls and variable speed engine control . . . . . $16,445

S8,000 Pump Hoist, 22,000# 3L cap., 36 telescoping mast, 30 gal. oil tank, hydro pump, 7T safety hook, hydro controls and variable speed engine control . . . . . $20,845

S10,000 Pump Hoist, 30,000# 3L cap., 40 telescoping mast, 30 gal. oil tank, hydro pump, 9T safety hook, hydro controls and variable speed engine control . . . . . $28,545 S12,000 Pump Hoist, 48,000# 4L cap., 44 telescoping mast, 6000# tail out line, 72 gal. oil tank, hydro pump, 11T safety hook, hydro controls and variable speed engine control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $32,945 S15,000 Pump Hoist, 60,000# 4L cap, 48 telescoping mast, 6000# tail out line, 72 gal. oil tank, hydro pump, 13T safety hook, hydro controls and variable speed engine control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $40,645 S20,000 Pump Hoist, 80,000# 4L cap, 40 telescoping mast, 6000# tail out line, 72 gal. oil tank, hydro pump, 13T safety hook, hydro controls and variable speed engine control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $53,845 S25,000 Pump Hoist, 100,000# 4L cap, 40 telescoping mast, 6000# tail out line, 100 gal. oil tank, hydro pump, 15T safety hook, hydro control and variable speed engine control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $61,545

S30,000 Pump Hoist, 120,000# 4L cap, 40 telescoping mast, 6000# tail out line, 100 gal. oil tank, hydro pump, 15T safety hook, hydro control and variable speed engine control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $76,945

New Equipment in Stock

S8,000 SEMCO, 36 , SR, 2 spd., 22,000# capacity PTO, RC, PR, aux., oil cooler, light kit, 12 bed, toolboxes, bumper w/rec., 2012 Dodge 5500, 6.7 L D, 6 spd. . . . . . . $87,492

Used Equipment in Stock

M33 Jessen/Monitor, 1-PR, SB, 1995 Ford F-350, gas, 5 spd., 4 2 . . . . . . . . . $17,900 5T Smeal, PR, bed, toolboxes, 2004 Ford F650, Cummins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $34,950

S4,000 SEMCO, 35 derrick, PTO, RC, PR, SB, 2008 Ford F-350, D, 6 spd. . . . $32,500

S12,000 SEMCO, 48 derrick, HS PTO, oil cooler, sandreel, BO cylinder, 2 spd., aux., PR, PT hookup w/air, light kit, 20 bed, toolboxes, red and white, 2008 International 4300, DT466, red . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $82,855

S12,000 SEMCO, 44 , AS PTO, sandreel, BO cylinder, oil cooler, 2 spd., aux. pipe racks, BC outriggers, light kit, 16 bed, boxes, 2007 Freightliner M2, C-7 Cat, 6 spd., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $82,934

S12,000 SEMCO, 44 , HS PTO, oil cooler, SR, BO, 2 spd., aux., PR, BC outriggers, light kit, 16 bed, toolbox, 2006 International 4300, auto., yellow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $87,039

S15,000 SEMCO, 48 , AS PTO, sandreel, BO cylinder, aux., 2 spd., oil cooler, light kit, PT hookup, 2006 International 4300 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $87,312

SEMCO Inc.

P.O. Box 1216 7595 U.S. Highway 50 Lamar, CO 81052 (719) 336-9006 / (800) 541-1562 Fax (719) 336-2402 semcopumphoist@yahoo.com www.SEMCOoflamar.com See our ad on page 37.

Put your company’s message here!

Classified advertising is a great way to reach the water well industry.

Call Shelby to make arrangements at 1-800-551-7379 ext 523.

Twitter @WaterWellJournl

Classified Advertising Rates Line Classified Ads

(2 ⁄4 column—approx. 39 letters and spaces per line): $8 per line, $32 minimum (4 lines) 1

There is no discount for multiple runs.

No new equipment advertising accepted in line advertisements.

Display Classified Ads

Single column 21⁄4 inches wide OR Double column 411⁄16 inches wide (per column inch – min. depth 2 column inches): 1 month: $60 per inch 3 months: $58 per inch 6 months: $55 per inch 12 months: $49 per inch

Add a spot color to your display classified advertisement for $49 per insertion.

Deadlines: First day of the preceding publication of magazine (December 1 for February issue).

No guarantees after that date.

This applies to renewals, cancellations, and any revisions. All classified ads must be prepaid by check or credit card. Commission rates do not apply to classified ads.

Current month’s classified ads are posted on our Web site at www.ngwa.org/pdf/classify.pdf for no extra charge.

To place a classified advertisement in Water Well Journal, please send ad text to Shelby Fleck by e-mail at sfleck@ngwa.org or fax to 614 898.7786. Upon receipt, you will be contacted and provided a quote.

Thank you!

Water Well Journal March 2013 65/

135 Rigs

DRILLING EQUIPMENT

1993 Ingersoll-Rand T-3W 900/350 Compressor 49GPM Aux. hyd for off board mud pump Rauch Spinner, $150,000 866-965-5924

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FOR SALE: 2000 T25 DRILTECH, serial no. 732476, CAT C15, 526 HP, 1000 CFM air, 10,000 hours. 420 4½ drill rod, 3½ regular. Mounted on Sterling 9501, powered by CAT C12 400 HP, Miller Bobcat 225 AMP welder, Meyers Fracturing Pump.

Just reduced to $179,900. (603) 942-5581.

Visit us at NEWWA

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Drill Faster, Cheaper, Smarter. www.sonic-drill.com

3$576 6$/(6 6(59,&(

SONIC DRILL CORPORATION Suite 190, 119 N. Commercial St, Bellingham, WA 98225 1.604.792.2000 (ext 104) or 1.604.306.3135

133 Rig Parts Enid Drill Systems Inc www.eniddrill.com Enid Drill Systems Inc

Add a color to your display classified ad for only $49.

Please call Shelby to make arrangements 1-800-551-7379 ext. 523

66/ March 2013 Water Well Journal

580-234-5971 www.eniddrill.com Fax 580-234-5980 580-234-5971 Fax 580-234-5980

4510 E Market, Enid, OK 4510 E Market, 73701 Enid, OK USA 73701 USA

x New rigs—custom designs x x New rigs—custom designs Quality rig repair service x x Quality rigused repair service needs New and equipment x x New and used equipment needs “Transfer of Technology�

- the x

“Transfer Technology�

- the must haveofbook for all drillers! must have book for all drillers!

waterwelljournal.com

176 Water Level Measurement

Phone: 760-384-1085

www.wellprobe.com Sonic Water Level Meters Since 1978 Time Tested & Customer Approved 303-443-9609

178 Water Treatment

Fax: 760-384-0044

Waterline Envirotech Water level indicators made in the USA for over 30 years.

360-676-9635 www.waterlineusa.com

Get Safety Resources Online You can never be too safe, so take advantage of safety resources online. Go to the Web site of the National Ground Water Association and check out the resources it has available at www.NGWA.org/ Professional-Resources/safety/ pages.

Also while you’re at the Web site, make sure to check out NGWA Press’ newest safety item, Safety Meetings for the Groundwater Industry, a set of 52 sheets that provide information so companies can hold weekly safety meetings on topics specific to their industry.

160 Trucks Ground Water Monitoring Instrumentation Geokon, Inc. manufactures high quality hydrological instrumentation suitable for a variety of ground water monitoring applications.

Geokon instruments utilize vibrating wire technology providing measurable advantages and proven long-term stability.

The World Leader in Vibrating Wire Technology Geokon, Incorporated 48 Spencer Street Lebanon, New Hampshire 03766 | USA

30-Freightliner Trucks 6 6, 60 Series Detroit, HT740, Allison Trans., Rockwell Axle, 68KGVW, 315/80 R22.5 Michelin, Low Miles SEMCO, Inc. Phone (800) 541-1562

174 Wanted TM

1 • 603 • 448 • 1562 1 • 603 • 448 • 3216 info@geokon.com www.geokon.com

WANTED — Bucket rig and tools — Blast hole rig, truck or crawler mounted and tools — Raise bore rig and tools Gary Sisk 816-517-4531

Twitter @WaterWellJournl

Water Well Journal March 2013 67/

180 Water Trucks Specializing in quality custom built epoxy coated Flattanks any gallon or tank length sizes with or without material handling IMT cranes.

All tanks are sandblasted and painted with polyurethane paint.

Many options available.

Engineered for convenience and durability, allows the user to operate at any type of drilling operation. Our drill site Flattanks support trucks are built with simplicity and functionality. Call us for our used truck – new tank inventory list.

Didn’t find what you were looking for?

Try NGWA’s Career Center at www.careers.ngwa.org for more opportunities. Whether you are looking for the right job or the right employee, the NGWA Career Center can provide you with an industry-specific listing to hone your search. Questions? Call Rachel at 800 551.7379, ext 504, or e-mail rjones@ngwa.org.

NORTHWEST FLATTANKS Steve Wipf (406) 466-2146 E-mail: steve@northwestflattanks.com

Get Safety Resources Online You can never be too safe, so take advantage of safety resources online. Go to the Web site of the National Ground Water Association and check out the resources it has available at www.NGWA.org/ Professional-Resources/safety/ pages.

Also while you’re at the Web site, make sure to check out NGWA Press’ newest safety item, Safety Meetings for the Groundwater Industry, a set of 52 sheets that provide information so companies can hold weekly safety meetings on topics specific to their industry.

Cell (406) 544-5914 www.northwestflattanks.com

184 Well Packers

Serving Your Complete Packer Needs i INFLATABLE PACKERS - Pressure Grout, Wireline, Water Well, Environmental, Bridge Plugs. Custom Sizes and Fabrication available i MECHANICAL PACKERS - Freeze Plugs, Custom Applications Call or email us with all your Packer questions!!

Toll-Free: 1-888-572-2537 Email: info@QSPPackers.com Fax #: 253-770-0327 Web: www.QSPPackers.com Prompt Shipping in the US & Internationally—Usually in just One Day!!

Put your company’s message here!

Classified advertising is a great way to reach the water well industry.

Ph. 303 789-1200 or 800 552-2754 Fx. 303 789-0900

Call Shelby to make arrangements at 1-800-551-7379 ext 523.

68/ March 2013 Water Well Journal

waterwelljournal.com

184 Well Packers

185 Well Rehab

Packers

& Replacement Elements for

Water Well Hydro-Fracturing Durable & fast deflating - so you can get on with the next frac!

4.33� OD and 4.75� OD standard Custom sizes on request Visit our website for our full line of downhole tools

1-406-446-9940

duraFRAC@inflatable-packers.com

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Water Well Journal classified advertisements appear online (at no additional cost) each month at www.waterwelljournal.com.

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Water Well Journal March 2013 69/

185 Well Rehab

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70/ March 2013 Water Well Journal

Classified advertising is a great way to reach the water well industry.

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Well screen manufacturer: stainless steel, galvanized and carbon steel.

Sizes: 0.75" to 24.0" OD. Rod base, pre-pack and pipe base screens. Environmental flush joint monitor pipe, T&C stainless drop pipe, drive points, etc.

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waterwelljournal.com

INDEX OF Card No./ Page 1 5

A.Y. McDonald Mfg. (800) 292-2737 www.aymcdonald.com AMS/Art’s Mfg. 2 56 (800) 635-7330 www.ams-samplers.com Baker Mfg., Water Systems Division 3 27 (800) 523-0224 www.bakermfg.com Boshart Industries 4 47 (800) 561-3164 www.boshart.com Cotey Chemical 5 16 (806) 747-2096 www.coteychemical.com Eno Scientific 6 9 (910) 778-2660 www.enoscientific.com Foremost Industries 7 28 (800) 661-9190 (403) 295-5834 (fax) Franklin Electric 8 IBC (260) 824-2900 www.franklin-electric.com GEFCO/King Oil Tools 9 41 (800) 759-7441 www.gefco.com 10 11 Geoprobe Ž Systems (800) 436-7762 www.geoprobe.com Geothermal Supply 11 17 (270) 786-3010 www.geothermalsupply.com Grundfos Pumps 12 IFC (913) 227-3400 www.us.grundfos.com

Card No./ Page 13 1

Hague Quality Water (800) 848-3564 www.haguewater.com Harwil (805) 988-6800 Heron Instruments (800) 331-2032 www.heroninstruments.com Hoeptner Perfected Products (408) 847-7615 www.freezeflow.com Industrial Test Systems (800) 861-9712 www.sensafe.com Laibe/Versa-Drill (317) 231-2250 www.laibecorp.com Little Beaver (800) 227-7515 www.littlebeaver.com Lorentz Solar Water Pumps (888) 535-4788 (866) 593-0777 www.lorentz.de Marks Products/ Allegheny Instruments (800) 255-1353 www.geovision.org MARL Technologies (800) 404-4463 www.marltechnologies.com Merrill Mfg. (712) 732-2760 www.merrillmfg.com Mount Sopris Instruments (303) 279-3211 www.mountsopris.com

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ADVERTISERS

Card No./ Page NGWA/Awards (800) 551-7379 www.ngwa.org NGWA/Certification (800) 551-7379 www.ngwa.org NGWA/Groundwater Awareness Week (800) 551-7379 www.ngwa.org NGWA/Groundwater Summit (800) 551-7379 www.ngwa.org NGWA/Membership (800) 551-7379 www.ngwa.org NGWA/NGWREF (800) 551-7379 www.ngwa.org/ngwref NGWA/Water Well Journal (800) 551-7379 www.ngwa.org Nix Mfg. (254) 965-4637 North Houston Machine (800) 364-6973 nhmi2@earthlink.net Pullmaster Winch (604) 594-4444 www.pullmaster.com Robbco Pumps (806) 749-7475 www.robbcopumps.com Schramm (610) 696-2500 www.schramm.com SEMCO (719) 336-9006 www.semcooflamar.com

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Card No./ Page Sonic Drill (604) 888-1388 www.sonic-drill.com Southwire (770) 832-4590 www.southwire.com Star Iron Works (814) 427-2555 www.starironworks.com Sumoto 0444/490515 www.sumoto.com Tibban Mfg. (760) 954-5655 www.tibban.com Vanair (800) 526-8817 www.vanair.com Voss Technologies (800) 247-6294 Water-Right (920) 739-9401 www.water-right.com Woodford Mfg. (719) 574-1101 www.woodfordmfg.com WorldWide Electric (800) 808-2131 www.worldwideelectric.net Wyo-Ben (800) 548-7055 www.wyoben.com

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Welcome New Advertisers!

Hague Quality Water Industrial Test Systems Vanair

Make a difference

where it’s needed most by making a contribution today . . .

The National Ground Water Research and Educational Foundation relies upon contributions to support its mission of educating future groundwater professionals . . . furthering groundwater science . . . supporting advancement where the availability and quality of water represents a daily struggle.

Donate to NGWREF today. www.NGWA.org/NGWREF s

Operated by NGWA, NGWREF is a 501(c)(3) public foundation focused on conducting educational, research, and other charitable activities related to a broader public understanding of groundwater.

Twitter @WaterWellJournl

Circle card no. 29

Water Well Journal March 2013 71/

CLOSING

TIME

Stanton Drilling Inc. in Pakenham, Ontario, sent its 1979 Bucyrus Erie 20W to Buckeye Drill Co. in Zanesville, Ohio, for a drill restoration/painting in late summer 2012. Peter Stanton, president of Stanton Drilling, had the rebuild done to match his father‘s (Austin) drill from the late 1960s. Buckeye Drill tore the drill apart, rebuilt, and painted it.

It was neither Stanton Drilling’s original drill nor truck, but the company bought both to be restored to match the original. The truck (1963 Chevrolet C60) came from Michigan. It was painted and lettered to match the original truck.

Stanton Drilling put the drill on it in November 2012. “Buckeye did a fantastic job on the restoration. Good addition to any second or third generation company to reflect the history of it.”

The drill will be on display at the 2013 Ontario Ground Water Convention, April 11-13 in Huntsville, Ontario. So far, many old customers have come to see it. It will also be at several local county fairs and antique shows this fall.

Water Well Journal profiled Stanton and his family giving new life to an antique drill in its December 2003 issue. “There’s not a lot of antique drilling equipment left, mostly just photographs, so it’s important to take the opportunity to save it,” he says in the article.

Photos courtesy Stanton Drilling Inc.

Photos courtesy Buckeye Drill Co. “Closing Time” is the page of Water Well Journal that showcases—you! It will always feature a few pictures of people at work at job sites around the world. Please send in photos and brief descriptions and you just may be the subject on the last page of an issue of WWJ. And remember, if your photo is selected as the cover image of WWJ, you receive $250.

If your photos are selected, you will be asked to fill out a photo disclaimer form that grants the National Ground Water Association the royalty-free right to display the photos. Please send high-resolution digital photos to tplumley@ngwa.org.

72/ March 2013 Water Well Journal

waterwelljournal.com

Circle card no. 8

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Circle card no. 19