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Puc. 582

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312

l:J:acTit III. BoeHHitie aTpRfiyTiti

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My3WIUlJU•BWe UBcTpyMeBTW

373

KOTopru~ B ocHOBHbiX qepTax coxpa.HHJ\.acb 11 no ce:H AeHb. K qJICAY Ha116o.~ee qacTO IICnOAb3yeMbiX B apMHH HHCTpYMeHTOB np11HC\A)\.eJKaT .11 umaBpbl (HeM. Pauk.e) 11 6apa 6aH (HeM. Trommel). B o6oHX HHcTpyMeHTax AMI 113BJ\.eqeHIDI 3BYKa yAap..moT Aepe:amrno:H naAK.oiil KOAOTYJIIKOH no HaT.SIHYTOH MeM6paHe 113 TeJUiqbeH mKypbi. HecMOTp.SI Ha APeBHee npoiiCXOJKAeHHe 3THX HHCTpYMeHToBI HeT HHKaKHX CB1fAeTeAbCTB 1 no3BOJUIIOIWfX roBOpHTb 0 noBCeMeCTHOM HX llpiiMeHeHHH B nepsble cToAeTIDI cpeAfieBeKOBhll. B MaeycKpHIITax XII BeKa BCTpeqaiOTC.SI MHOroqJICAeHHble 113o6paJKeHIDI scex BlfAOB 3THX yAapHbiX IIHCTpYMeHToB - TaM6ypHH1 AHTaBpb1 1 6oAbillOH II MaAbiH 6apa6aHbl. AaHHOe o6CTO.SITeAbCTBO AOKa3biBaeT 1 'ITO 3ana.A nepeH.SIA 3TH IIHCTpYMeHTbl y BocToKa so ~peMeHa KpecToBbiX noXOAOB.

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Puc. 583

Puc. 584

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B XII BeKe P.SIAOM c 6apa6aHmHKOM HJ\11 AHTaBpllcToM no.SIBJ\.SieTc.SI Tpy6aq QlAeHTHCT1 II C TeX nop AHTaBpbi II Tpy6a B KaBaAepHH1 6apa6aH II QlAeHTa y nexonnm;eB COCTaBJUIIOT BMeCTe BOeHHbiH opKeCTp. B 3TOM COCTaBe Mbl BcTpeqaeM HX TaKJKe B XV BeKe y Q>paHizy3oB 11 6ypi'}'HA4es. BoAI>moe 3HaqeHJie nplfAaBaAOCb soeHHoii M}'3b1Ke B HaeMHblx apMIDIX. 11rpa Ha 6apa6aHe CTaAa TaM HaCTOmiUIM IICKYCCTBOM1 II TaM JK.e BnepBble nO..siBHJ\HCb npocTble II npeAeCTHble MeAOAlfll AMI QlAeHTbi 1 KOTOpble qaCTl{q}JO COXpaHHllliCb H noHbiHe, B OTp.JIAax AaiJACKHeXTOB 6apa6aH 6biA eme AOBOAbHO HeYKJUOJK.HMI c 6oAbillHMH MeM6paHaMH 113 mKypbi. K o p nyc 6 a p a 6 aHa («rpo6») AeAaAH 113 Aepesa 11 pacKpamHBaAH B ~eTa rep6a noAKoBHHK.a. B XVI BeKe B KaBaAepHH 1 HJ\11

374

lJacn III. BoeBBWe aTpRCSyTw

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PRe. 585. Tpy6a c 3aBaBeCLIO. H3 «KPHI'H TYJ>BHpoB» KopoASI Peae, XV B.

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3'15

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Puc. 587

Puc. 58'1. lloAHillii poTHillii opKecrp. Ha'l. XVII B.

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3'16

qaCTb III. BoeHHI>Ie aTpH6yTI>I

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Kou. XIV

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llacTL IV. TypHHpLI

380

AOKa3aTb esoe -yMeHMe M rrpesoeXOAeTSO. no3AHee, s XIII seKe, KOrAa s pbiu;apeTse see 6o.J\.biiie 11 6o.J\.biiie rrpo.SisAID\.oeb eTpeMAeHMe K 6AaropoAHhiM MaHepaM 11 rroqMTaHMe JK.eHI.l.\MH 31-I aTHoro poAa eTaHOSMAOeb AOArOM, A06MTbe.SI 1-m TYIJHMpe paerroAoJK.eHM.SI AaMhi .SISAID\.Oeb HaMSLieiiie:H HarpaAo:H AA5I rro6eAMTeA.SI. C :::noi1: rrepeMeHOH eS.SI3aHO llO.SISAeHMe M306MAYJOII\ero M3AHIIIeeTSaMM u;epeMoHMaAa, o6yqeHHeM KoTopoMy 3aHMMaAHeb 3HaTOKM :::nora AeAa rep o A b g bl (HeM. Herold en). A,JUI rrpasi1.J\.bHOrO llOHMMaHM.SI TYIJHMpHoro eoeT.SI3aHM.SI Heo6XOAMMO 3HaTb eHap.SIJK.eHMe M rrpasMAa rrposeAeHM.SI 6o.SI. 3TMMI1 3HaHM.SIMI1 OSAaAeTb HeAerKo: e TeqeHMeM speMeHM SOeHHbie Hrphl y pa3HhiX HapOAOS eTaAM I1pMo6peTaTb eaMbie pa3Hoo6pa3Hhie cpopMbi. TaK, HarrpMMep, s KOHu;e XI seKa He se3Ae rrpMMeH.SIAaeb KOHHa.SI aTaKa Ha rrpOTMSHMKa e KOITheM Harrepesee. Kosep 113 Ea:He rroKa3hisaeT, qTo rroqTM see seaAHMKM s cxsaTKax AepJK.aT AJUiHHhie TOHKMe KOllb.SI S llOAHJIThiX PYKaX TaK JK.e, KaK aHT~Hbie S011Hhl AepJK.aAI1 CS011 APOTMKM. Ao XIV seKa s TypHMpax Herro.J\.b30SaAOeh To JK.e cHap.SIJK.eHMe 11 soopyJK.eHMe, qTo 11 s 6oesbiX yeAosM.Six. B «neeHM o HM6eAYHrax» rrpM orr11caHMM rroeAJ1HKa c EpYHri1.J\.bAOH rro3T eAeAyroll.\MM o6pa30M pMeyeT HaM o6AaqeHMe SOMHa: 6oesa.SI py6axa 113 A11SMHeKoro IIIeAKa (sepo.SITHee seero, MerraHeKoro); rrpoqHaJI 6poH.SI M3 JK.eAe3HhiX ITAaeTMH (cmapoHeM. stahelzein), HaiiiMThiX Ha OCHosy; IIIAeM 3aS.SI3bmaeTC.SI ITOA llOA60pOAKOM; peMeHb Il.\MTa (cmapoHeM. schildvezzel) YKPaiiieH KaMeHb.SIMM; 6oJ\hiiiOH nrn:poKMH Il.\11T c 30AOThiM opHaMeHToM rro Kpa.SIM MMeeT TOAII\MHY s TPM ITaAhu;a rroA -yM6oHoM. J\Jo6orrhiTHo, qTQ OITMeaHHbiH Il.\MT OKa3aAe.SI rpoM03AKI1M M HerrpoqHbiM, T. K. OH He ShiAepJKMSaA YAapbi rrpM eiiiM6Ke. B rro3Me qaeTo yrroMMHaiOTe.SI rrpoH3eHHbie HaeKS03h 11.(11Thi HAM AaJK.e Il.\11Thi e 3aeTp.SisiiiMMM s HMX HaKoHeqHMKaMM KOITMH. K APesKOSOMY OCTpOKOHeqHOMY opyJK1110 paHHero rrep110Aa CAeAyeT OTHeeTM KOllh.SI 11 APOTMK11. CeMa YKPaiiieHbi Aparou;eHHhiMM KaMH.SIMM 11 30AOThiMM KOAOKOJ\hqMKaMM. Bee 3TH oeo6bie rrpMMeTbi YKa3hiSaiOT cKopee Ha eepeAMHY XII seKa, qeM Ha HaqaAo XIII seKa, KOrAa IT03Ma 6b1Aa 3arrMcaHa 11 oTpeAaKTMposaHa, ITOTOMY qTo K 3TOMY speMeHM pbii.J;apM HOeMA11 yJK.e 6oAee AerKMH Il.\MT M He rrpMMeH.SIAH 6o.J\.biiie APOTMKos, TO.J\.bKO AHIIIh KOITh.SI. KeTaTH, Korrh.SI s «neeHM 0 HM6eAYHraX» ell.\e eA11IIIKOM eAa6bi, qTo6bi C MX llOMOII\biO rrpM eiii116Ke MOJKHO 6biAO Sbi611Tb I1pOTMSHMKa 113 eeMa, I103TOMY S rrepsbiX qa-CT.SIX I103Mbl HMrAe He OITMeaHbl TaKMe eAyia11 Ha 'I'ypHMpe. '4all.\e seero S S03Ayx B3AeTaAM o6AoMKM oT ApesKos KOITMH. ToAhKO s rroeAeAHei1 qaeTM (AseHTIOpe, XXVI) 1 MMMOXOAOM AaeTe.SI oiTMeaHMe rroeAMHKa MeJK.Ay fe.J\.brrcppaToM 11 XareHoM, s KOTopoM rrocAeAHMH eABa He 6biA Shi6HT 113 ceMa, a rrepshiH XOTh 11 yAepJK.aAC.SI S eeMe SO speM.SI CIIIM6KI1, HO He crrpasHAe.SI C AOIIItiAbiO, M OHa era c6poeMAa. np11 3TOM Mhl qMTaeM AOCTOHHbie SHMMaHM.SI eTMXM: KTo yAepJKHTC~ Ha KOHe, 3TO MHe HeH3BeCTHO.

peg.).

3ToT noeAHHOK npoHCXOAHT He Ha TYPHHpe, a Bo Bpe~ HdCTOSI~ero cpaJKeHHSI (npwt.

TypHHpHoe

BoopyJKeHHe

381

3TH C'rpoqKH KaK 6bi IJOAqepKHBaiOT HeonpeAeAeHHOCTb TaKOH ClliHfiKH, H, OCHOBbiBaHCb Ha HHX, MOJKHO npeAfiOJ\.OJKHTb, qTo OfihNaH HMeTb IlpH ce6e BO BpeMH TypHHpa cneW'faAbHbiX CAyr He 6biJ\. nycTOH npHXOTblO. 3a.Aaqa HX 3aKJ\.IOqaJ\.aCb B TOM, qTofibi Ha CKaKy MrHOBeHHO YAepJKaTb KOHH H nOACTpaxoBaTb 1 pbm;apR, Bbi6HToro H3 ceMa . B KHHrax o TYPHHpax cTpeMHJ\.HCb Bee JKe o6XOAJ1Tb MOJ\.qaHHeM ::ny BaJKHYJO yCJ\.yry, KOTopyro nopyqaAH OC06biM o6pa30M o6yqeHHbiM KHeXTaM my pH Up H bl M Cm p a )K. H UK aM (HeM. Grieswartel). Ee3 3THX noMOIJ.UIHKOB noeAJiHKH XV H XVI seKoB 6:niJ\.H 6bi HaMHoro onacHe:H AMI JKH3HH. EoAee npocl>eccHoHaJ\hHO fiOArOTOB.J}.eHHbiM oKa3hiBaeTCH TYPHHp, onHcaHHbn1: B TaKOM OTJ\.HqHOM HCToqHHKe AMI H3yqeHHH pbiu;apcKHX 3a6as, KaK «noKJ\.oHeHHe AaMe» Y .1\.hpHXa cl>oH AAXTeHiliTei1Ha. 3AeCb pa3AI{qaiOTCR noeAJiHOK AByx yqacTHHKOB H TYPHHP B co6cTBeHHOM CMbiCJ\.e CJ\.OBa, KOrAa npoTHBHHKH CXOMTCR AMI COCTR3aHHH B MHOroqHCJ\.eHHbiX oTp..SIAaX. CHapHJKeHHe H BoopyJKeHHe OTJ\.HqaJOTCH Nilllb B oqeHb He3HaqHTeJ\.bHoi1 cTeneHH oT o6~eopHHHToro Ha Boi1He. Ha.AeTaH nosepx Aocnexa rep6oBaH HaKifAKa, KaK H KOHCKaH nonoHa, 6bll\.H BbJAeAaHbl H3 KOJKH, 06TRHYTbl pa3HOI.J;BeTHbiM 6apXaTOM H o6IliHTbl JKeAe3HbiMH 6.1\.HXaMH. I.l.lHT TpeyroJ\.bHOH cPOpMbl, B03MOJKHO, HeMHoro MeHbllle, qeM npHNeiDfBiliHHCR Ha Boi1He. THJKeAbiH roplllKOBLIH IliAeM pbii.J;apb Ha.AeBaeT Ha roAoBy B CaMbiH noCJ\.eAHHH MOMeHT nepeA noeAJiHKOM. Konbe yJKe HMeeT He6oJ\.blliHe ynopHbie AJiCKH, KOTopbie Ha3biBaIOTCR B KHHre K one ii H bl M u K o A b 4 aM u (cmapoHeM. speerscheiben). Alo6onhiTHbi ynoMHHYTbie npHeMhi o6pa~eHHH c KofibeM. HanpHMep, BO speMH noeAJiHKa B TapBHce colliAHch B cxBaTKe Pe:HHnpexT cl>oH MypeK H YJ\.bpHx cl>oH AHxTeHiliTe:HH: OAJiH B3HA Konbe noA MbiiliKY caMbiH pacnpocTpaHeHHbiH npHeM, Apyro:H npHAOJKHJ\. KOIJbe HH3KO K 6eApy. K HaqMy XIII seKa onpeAeAHAacb H ToqHo Bbipa6oTaJ\.acb u;eJ\.b soeHHOH Hrpbl. HaMepeHHe o6eHX CTOpOH COCTOR.l\.0 B TOM, qTo6bi no BCeM npaBHJ\.aM TYPHHpHoro HcKyccTBa YAapHTb npH ClliH6Ke KOnbeN B ~HT, BHCH~H:H Ha AeBOM IJAeqe npoTHBHHKa, TaK, qTo6bi CAoMaTh APeBKO KonhH HAH JKe c6pocHTb npoTHBHHKa c AOIII~. B nepsoM cAyqae BCa.AHHKH AeMoHcTpHpoBaAH cBoe YMeHHe BhiAepJKaTb YAap KOnhH cpeAHei1 THJKeCTH, He ynas c KOHR, AMI 3Toro Bbi6HpMacb KopoTKaH AJiCTaHW'fH AO MecTa ClliH6KH. Bo BTopoM KaJKAbiH yqacTHHK HaMepeBaJ\.CR AaTb noqyscTBoBaTh npoTHBHHKY cso10 CHAY H AOBKOCTb, ono3opHTb ero, IJ03TOMY 3aHHMaJ\. AaAbHIOIO AHCTaHI.J;HIO H Bbi6HBaJ\. ero HCKYCHbiM YAapoM H3 ceAJ\.a, npHqeM KonbH o6oHX npoTHBHHKOB o6bNHO AOMaJ\.HCb Ha MeAKHe KycKn. 11MeHHo no 3Toi1 npJiqHHe HaqHHaH c XII seKa Konb.SI cTaHOBHTCH Bee npoqHee. 0AHaKO OHH no-npeJKHeMY HMeAH AJiaMeTp He 6oAee 6, 5 CM H ocTaBaAHCb TaKHMH AerKHMH H YA06HbiMH, qTO MorAH YAepJKHBaThC.SI noA Mbiill~o:H 6e3 ynopHbiX KpiOKoB. KaJKAhiH opyJKeHoceu; YJ\.bpHxa cl>oH AHxTeHiliTei1Ha so BpeMH TopJKecTBeHHbiX TYPHHpoB YAepJKHBaJ\. B OAHOH PYKe no 3 CBR3aHHbiX BMeCTe KOnb.SI, B XIII BeKe pa3J\.HqaJ\.H yJKe ABa BHAa TYPHHpos: noxoAHhiH H Ha3HaqaeMbii1. 0 X 0 g H bl ii my pH up (HeM. Wanderturnier) 3TO CJ\.yqai1HaH HJ\.H npeAHa-

peg.).

CAyra cKaKaA p.SIAOM Ha 'IeTBepTI:. AOilla.AHHoro Koprryca II03a.ft.H CBoero ceHwpa (npuM.

'llacn. IV. TypHHplol

382

MepeHHCUI BCTpeqa ABYX pbiU,apeH B nyrH, KOTopa.H KaJKAbiH pa3 He o6XOAHAacb 6e3 6o.H Ha KonMIX. 0AHH pacnoAaraAc.H y AoporH H Bhi3hiBaA Apyroro Ha pbiU,apcKHH noeAHHOK, qa~e Bcero C llOMO~lO Hallhi~eHHbiX peqej1 H C.J\.aBOC.J\.OBHH1. B TaKoM cAyqae oH Ha3hiBaAC.H 3a"tJHH~HKOM (c!Jp. ~venturier). Apyroi1, KOTOpbiH AOA)KeH fihiA npHHSITh Bhi30B, Ha3biBaAC.H M a H me Hag 0 p 0 M (c!Jp. mantenador). «noKAoHeHHe AaMe» nosecTsyeT o TaKOM TYPHHpe. Ha Aopore 3a KA.eMIOHOM pbiU,aph MaThe pa36HA cso-H maTep Ha nyrH cAeAoBaHH.H Y AhpHxa, qTofibi Bhi3BaTb ero Ha 6oH. 3AeCb OH cpa3H.J\.C.H ':: OAHHHaAQaThlO pbiU,ap.HMH, Ha 3eMAe BaA.HAHch o6AoMKH KonHH H IIJ,HTOB. OrpoMHa.H ToAna cBHThi H npHBAeqeHHoro 3peAH~eM HapoAa 3acTaBH.J\.a YAhpHxa cneu,HaJ\hHO OTIOpOAHTh Mec m o A.J\.51 TYPHHpa. YrAhi np.HMoyroJ\hHOH IlJ\.OIIIaAKH 6hiAH o6o3HaqeHhi qeTbiphM.H BOTKHyrhiMH B 3eMAIO 3HaMeHaMH. CoeAHH.HAH H3 2 0 0 KonHH c <PAaJKKaMH OAHOfO U,BeTa CO IIJ,HTOM Y AhpHXa. no TOpU,aM IlJ\.OII~aAKH B cepeAHHe HJ.'vle.J\.C.H

Puc. 588 PHC. 588. noeAHHOK Ha KOITbSIX. Phln;apH o6.ha'IeHhl B 6oeBhie AOCTieXH, HMeiOT HarpyAHhie Tap'IH; KOITbSI TypHHpHble, C KOpOH'IaTbiMH HaKoHe'IHHKaMH. KoAeKc EaAAYHHa TpHpcKoro, oK. 1330 r.

npoXOA, qepe3 KoTopbiH He AOA)KeH 6hiA npoe3JKaTh TOT, KTo He yqacTBOBaA B TYPHHpe. B Te speMeHa ycTpoi1cTBo TaKoro p u c m a A u ll{ a 6biAo HOBHHKOH, KOTOpCUI CAeAaAa H3BeCTHhiM CaMOfO Y AhpHXa <iJoH .1\.HXTeHmTeHHa. TaKa.H pa36HBKa noxoAHoro Aarep.H B cTHAe pbiU,ap.H-pa36oi1HHKa npoAOAJKaAach AO KOHU,a XIV BeKa, a B fepMaHHH AaJKe AO XV BeKa. npH noeAHHKax ynoTPefiA.HAOCh TOJ\hKO TaKoe BoopyJKeHHe, KOTopoe npHMeH.H.J\.OCh B 6oeBhiX cpaJKeHHSIX. npHMepoM MO:ryr cAyJKHTh AepeB.HHHbie HarpyAHhie TapqH (cp. pHc.

181, 188 1

588).

DoBOAOM MorAo 6hiTh npaBo npoe3Aa nepBhlM HAH Tpe6oBaHHSI 3a'IHH~HKn, 'ITo6hi BM3biBaeMlriH phiD;npb BepHy.hCSI o6paTHO AJ\SI Taro , 'IT06LI paccKa3aTL AaMe cepAI.(a 3a'IHH~HKn o era noABHrax. CroJKeT BecbMn pacnpocrpaHeHHhlH B phlnapcKHX poMaHax

(npu.M. peg.).

TypHHpHoe

BoopyJKeHHe

383

H a 3 H a q a eM bl ii my pH u p (HeM. Gausgeschriebene Tumier) I KaK 3To cAeAyeT yJKe 113 na3BaniUII npoBOAHJ\.CR na 3apanee onpeAeAennoM MecTe no oco6oMY np11rAarneni1IO pbiiJ.ape.H. 3a Mnoro MeCHIJ.eB AO na3naqennoro cpoKa roHIJ.bi o6'be3JKaAH AaAbHI1e cTpanbi 11 onoBell(aAI1 npeAnoqmTeAbHo 3HaTHhiX npeTeiJ.AeHTOB o MecTel BpeMenl1 11 noBoAe naMeqennoro TYPH11pa. TaKo:H xapaKTep T}'PH11pbi coxpaHI1AI1 AO Konu.a XIV BeKa 1 cnapRJKeHI1e 11x yqacTHI1KOB Toqno COOTBeTCTBOBaAO BCeM HOBIIIeCTBaM 1 KOTOpbie B03HI1KaAI1 BO BpeM5I BOeHHbiX noxoAOB. ToAbKo np116AH311Te.J\bHo K 1350 roAy I1AI1 HeMHOro panbrne BlfAhi TYPH11pnoro cnapRJKeHI151 HaqaAI1 OTAlfqaTbC51 OT 6oeBbiX. 3Ta He06XOAlfMOCTb BO BCeX HOBbiX B11AaX BoopyJKeHI15I 11 cnapRJKeHI151 o6'b51cH51eTc51 cTpeMAeHI1eM pbiiJ.ape:H noKa3aTb ce651 xpa6pbiM 11 MyJKeCTBeHHhiM B TYPH11pe1 npo113BeCTI1 AOAJKHhiH 3cpcpeKT Ha 3p11TeAbCKI1e Tpl16ynbi 1 HO He noAyqi1Tb np11 3TOM cepbe3HbiX pan. B nocAeAywll(eM 113AOJKeHI111 Mhi nocTapaeMcR noApo6no paccKa3aTb o6 3TOM. B XIV BeKe B rpynnonoM m yp H Up e (cjJp. buhurt) B IOJKHOH <l>paHll,l111 11 11TaAI111 6biAI1 BBeAeHbl HOBbie npaBHAa: pblll,ap11 HaHOCI1AI1 Apyr APyry TOAbKO OAlfH yAap KonbeM 1 nocAe qero 6paAI1Ch 3a TYllble Meql1 1 C rpoMKI1M BOI1HCTBeHHbiM KAlfqeM «Wicha herrel wicha wich» I aTaKyR npoTI1BHI1KoB AO Tex nopl noKa noA naTI1CKoM ropJiqeif cxBaTK11 OAI-Ia 113 npomBo6opcTBYJOII(I1X CTOpOH He o6'b51BA5IAa ce651 no6eJKAei-IHOH 1 oTnycKaH a) b) Puc. 589 1 Ha CB060AY llAeHeHHbiX pblll,apeif • Puc. 589. TypHllpHbiH Me'I (a) H 6yAdBd B naqaAe XV CTOAeTIUI B rep(b). TypHHpHaH KHHra KopoAH PeHe MaHI111 ll051BI1AC51 TaK Ha3biBaeMbiH (1408-1480). my pH Up H a 6 y A a B a X (HeM. Kolbenturnier) I KOTopbiH npoBoAHACR MeJKAy ABYMJI napTIUIM11 pbiU.ape:H. BoopyJKeHI1e B 3TOM Tl1ne TYPH11poB COCTORAO 113 Tynorol HO T51JKeAoro l\feqa 11 6yAaBbl (p11C. 58 9) 1 113rOTOBAeHHOH 1 AsTop HeMHoro H.AeaAH3HpyeT TYPHHp, paHee oH yrroMHHaA, 'ITO HarpaAOH yq:acrHHKY TYPHllpa 6b1Ao TOAbKO pacrroAoJKeH.ue AaMbl, Ho Ha caMoM AeAe Ha TYPHllp pacrrpocrpaHSIAOCb rroAHOCTbiO rrpaso BOHHbl. OoTeprreBIIIHH rropa:>KeHHe pbiD;apb AHIIIaAc.H KOHH H soopyJKeHHH, KoTopble 3a6HpaA rro6eAHTe.ll.b. 3a rrAeHHhiX, B3HThiX B rpyrrrroBOM TYPHHpe, 6paAH BNKyrr, 'ITO 6bi.li.O BbiTOAHhiM rrpeArrpHHTHeM . 3To oco6eHHO xapaKTepHo MH paHHHX TYPHHpoB (npuM. peg.) .

"'acu IV. TypHup:LI

384

113 TBepAbiX nopoA AepeBa, AJUiHOH AO

eM. PYJ<.O.HTh 6yAaBhi 11MeAa rnapo-

BlfAHYIO fOAOBKY 11 3ai.I.\HTHhiH AJ1CK 113 AI1CTOBOfO JKeAe3a, HAH 1-l 0 Nodus, p11c.

58 9 b) 1 AMI

g yC

(HeM.

3ai.I.\HThi PYKI1 OT YAapa. CaMa 6yAaBa 11MeAa MHoro-

rpaHHoe ceqeHI1e 11 nocTeneHHO YTOAI.I.\aAaCh KBepxy. 3To CHAhHOAeHcTBYJOI.I.\ee opyJK11e noCAYJKHAO B AaAbHeiirneM noBOAOM K 113MeHeHHIO l}:>opMbl IliAeMal T. K. yAap TaKOH 6yAaBoii no o6blqHoMY roprnKoBOMY rnAeMY~ CJ1NII.I.\eMY BnAOTHYJO K TeMeHI1 1 Mor 6b1Th onacHhiM

AMI

JK113HI1. HoBhiH IliAeM 11MeA cl}:>epJ1qeCKYJ<>

l}:>opMy- 11 6biA TaKOfO o6'beMa 1 qTO fOAOBa qeAOBeKa C HI1M He conp11KaCaAaCb, JJ..IAeM on11paAc.H TOAhKO Ha nAeql1 11 Ha fPYAh路

KpoMe Bcero 3Torol

roAoBa

pbll.\ap.H 6biAa 3ai.I.\111.1.\eHa noAili.lteMHhiM KOAnaKOM C TOACTOH npOKAaAKOH 113 BOHAOKa. BnepBbie y ruAeMoB no.HBHAacb 3ai.I.\HTa rne11 11 3aTbiAKa. l13 MHOJKeCTBa

Puc. 590

Puc. 591

Puc. 590. lliAeM M51 TYPHHpa Ha 6yAaBax. lliAeM cocrouT U3 CTal\bHoro KapKaca, o6T51HyToro BbiBapeHHOH 6bl'!beH KoJKe:H, pacnucaHHOH TeMnepo:H; nepeAH5151 'IdCTb npeACTdBJ\51eT co6o:H pemeTKY U3 JKel\e3HbiX npyTKOB U npoBoJ\oKu. OK. 1480 r. Ko}\}\eKn;usi Ma:Hep垄uma, 3urMapHHreH (repMaHHSI). Puc. 591. lliAeM AJ\51 KOHHoro TYPHHpa Ha 6yAaBax. Ha MaKymKe xopomo BlfAHO rHe3AO M51 KpenJ\eHH51 repal\bAH'IeCKoro yKpameHH51. OK. 1480 r. pa3HOo6pa3HhiX l}:>opM cl}:>epJ1qeCK11X IliAeMOB CaMbiM11 nOAXOM11.1.\11MI1 .HBHAI1Ch IliAeMbl, COCTO.HI.I.\11e 113 JKeAe3HOfO KapKaCa 1 06Ilii1TOfO npo~OH BbiBapeHHOH BOAOBbe:H KOJK.e:H

(p11c.

5 9 0 I 5 9 1 ).

.1\Hl.\O B rnAeMe 3ai.I.\111.1.\eHo perneTKOH 113

TOACThiX JKeAe3HbiX npYTKOB. Il..IAeM 6biA o6T.HHYT noAOTHOM, noKpbiThiM MeAOBOH fPYHTOBKOHI no KOTopo:H HaHeCeHbl TeMnepHbiMI1 KpacKaMI1 rep6oBbie 3M6AeMbl BAaAeAhl.\a. OH BKJ\JOqaeT JKeAe3Hbie nAaCTHHhi 1 3ai.I.\111.1.\aiOI.I.\11e rnero, qacT~o rpyAb 11 cn11ey pbii.\ap.H. KpenAeHHe IliAeMa K rpyAJ1 1 a TaKJKe K cn11He AOCnexa np0113BOAJ1AOCb KOJKaHbiM11 peMH.HMI11 KOTOpbie npoAeBaAHCb B COOTBeTCTBYJOI.I.\11e CK06bl HAI1 C nOMOI.I.\blO cnel.\11aAhHbiX np11cnoco6AeH11H.

TypHBpBoe aoopyllteHBe

385

I.I.IAeMbi XII H XIII BeKoB -yKpawcurncb Ha MaKymKe TaK Ha3biBaeMbiMH w A eM H bl M u yx p a w e H u R M u. acoHhl UIAeMHhiX YKpameHlrii H3MeiDIAHcb B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT BKyca H HacTpoeHIDI BJ\.ilAeJ\.bl\a. HHorAa OHH npeACTaB.JUIAH co6o:H o6"beMHhle repaAbAJflleCKHe QlHIJ'Phl, HO qame -

np~AJUiBhle Q>Hryphl

C HaMeKOM Ha KaKOH-HH6yAb TaAHCMaH CBOeH B03J\106AeHHOH AaMblr KaK-To: 11epqaTKH, ITAaTKH, BYaAb H T. 11. BoT 11oqeMY Ha coxpammiiiHXCH cTapbiX UIAeMax HaxOASJT npHcl1oco6AeHIDI

AMI

Kpen.J\.eHIDI UIAeMHhiX YKpameHlrii, cocTORIJUie H3

rHAh3hl HJ\H JKeAe3Horo IIIThiJl.si. I.I.IAeMHhle YKPameHIDI, IItHThlr a TaKJK.e 3aiitH'fHoe CHap.IDKeHHe AOillilAJI (HaKifAKH, HaA06HHKH, KOHCKHe MaCKH H T. 11.) 06bltiHO pa3pHCOBbiBaAHCb, H HX H3rOTOBJ\.eHHe OTHOCHAOCb K OC060H 06AaCTH HCKycCTBa. 11ci10Ah30BaHHe UIAeMHhlx YKpaweHlrii B rypHHpe Ha 6yAaBax o6"b.ssCH.sieTCH He TOAbKO CTpeMAeHHeM DpOH3BeCTH HaH60AbillHH 3QlQleKT Ha 3pHTeAeH, HO H TeM, ~o 11o6eAa B TaKOM 110eAHHKe npHCYJK.AaAaCh TOMY pbll\apiO, KOTOphm HcKyCHhiM YAiiPOM c6HBaA YKpameHHe co UIAeMa npoTHBHHKa. APyro:H THIT cQ>ep}{qecKoro UIAeMa BhiKOBbiBaACH H3 1..\eJ\.bHOro KycKa JKeAe3a. 3TOT UIAeM HMeA TaKYffi JKe mapOBHAIJYIO QlOPMYr HO 6biA CHa6JKeH mHpOKHM

AMI

oTKpbiBaiOIItHMCH 3a6paAoM, HHOrAa B BHAe Bhiii}'KAOH pemeTKH. 3aiitH'fb1 OT COAHeqHbiX AyqeH TaKHe UIAeMbl, KaK rrpaBHAO, 110Kpb1BaAHCb HaKJIAKaMH HaMeTaMH, 3aKpen.J\.eHHhiMH 110A YKpaweHHeM H HHC11aAaBmHMH C3ilAJI Ha CIIHHY. 3TH HaMeThl, qacTo npHMeH.siBmHeCH Ha ropmKOBhiX UIAeMax YJKe B XIII BeKe, 6biAH illeAKOBbiMH, C 3y6qaTOH KaHMOH HJ\H H3 TOHKOro I10AOTHa OAHOro 1..\BeTa c rep6oM pbll\ap.si. KHpaca H3 TOACTOH BbiBapeHHo:H 6hNbe:H KOJK.H AMI rypHHpa Ha 6yAaBax HMeAa npo~e JKeAe3Hhle KOAhl\a Ha KaJKAOM 6oKY. Ha AeBOM 6oKy C 110MOII\hl0 11eHbKOBOro nrnypa I10AB.si3biBaACH T}'ITOH Meq, a Ha npaBOM 6yAaBa. no3AHee, npH6AH3HTeJ\.bHO K

1440

rOAYr KOrAa BOilleA B MOAY COCTaB-

HOH ITAaCTHflliaThlli AOCI1ex, Ha ero 11epeAHe:H H 3aAHe:H qacTH cTcurn npo6HBaTb 1 BeirrlfMill;HOHHble OTBepcTH.si • K CI1HHe H rpyAH npHKpen.J\..siAHCb 110ABHJKHhle ITAaCTHHhl, a C3ilAJI KpeiTHACH KOpOTKHH Haxpe6eTHHK. HapyqH HMeAH pa3AJilUIYIO QlOPMYr B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT Toro, H3 KaKoro MaTepHaAa OHH 6biAH H3rO'l'OBJ\.eHhl: H3 KOJK.H HJ\H MeTaAAa. KoJKaHhle Han.J\.eqHHKH 6biAH mapOBifAHOH QlOpMbi H COeAHHSIAHCb C HapyqaMH H HaAOKOTHHKaMH C 110MOII\hl0 KpeiTKHX 11eHbKOBbiX BepeBOK, H BCe 3TO BMecTe COCTaBMIAO eAHH)'IO 110ABHJKHYID CHCTeMY. PyKaBHI\bl H3 TOACTOH BOAOBheH KOJK.H He 6biAH pa3AeAeHbi 110 11aAbl\aM, a AeBa.si qame scero 6biAa 3~eHa KpyrA.hiMH JKeAe3HhiMH n.J\.aCTHHKaMH, KOTOphle HaKAaAbiBaAHCb Ha TbiAbHyw CTOpoey AilAOHH H Ha Kpary. TaKHe n.J\.aCTHHKH CTaAH DpOTOTHITOM 3aiitHTHbiX n.J\.aCTHHOK, 110..siBHBIIIHXCH s Ko:Eme

seKa.

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pbll\ap.H HilAeBaAH I.qHT r TaK ~0 ero peMeHh I1pOXOAJfA qepe3 npasoe n.J\.eqo. THIIbi I.qHTOB 6biAH pa3AHllllbiMH: 6oAbme:H qaCTbiO TpeyroAbHhle, 1103JKe H qe2

TblpexyroAhHbie, KaK npaBHAo, BOI'HyY'hle. CTpeMAeHHe K yAyqmeHHID 6oeBbiX

I..l.VIThi

KaqecTB scerAa coqeTaAOCh c 3a6oTo:H o6 YKpaweHHH opYJKH.si. AH6o pa3pHCOBhiBaAHCh repaAbAJflleCKOH CHMBoAHKoif, AH6o o6T.HrHBaAHCh MaTepHa1

OTBepCTIDI AeAMHCL, cKopee Bcero, MJI o6Ael"'eHIDI T}'PHHpHoro AOcnexa (npUM. peg.).

.ABTop He yuoMHHdeT, "'TO OllHCaHHLIH BLIWe AOClle:X M5f. T}'PHHpa Hd 6yAaBax He npHMeHSIADI npH llDeAHHKax Hd KOULSIX, B TdK.HX CA)"IdSIX CHd~Ma HCUOAL30Ba.AB 6oeBOH Aocnex, 3aTeM cnef\HaALHh_ rH:. CM. HIDKe (npUM. peg.).

B. Iiexaffil

'lacn IV. TypHRplti

386

AOM, no JK.eAaHHIO 3aKa3qHKa IIVfTbi H3rOTaBAHBaAHCb H3 Aepesa., 06T..srnyroro KOJK.eH, H.I\H H3 MeTa.J\.J\..a, l..:laCTO yqaCTHHKH TYJ>HHpa HctAeBaAH nosepx AOCnexa py6axy H3 meAKa H.I\H TOHKOrO noAOTHa, OKpamemcyro B repaAbAWieCKHe !UleTa. BHaqaAe Horn 3a~aAHCb AaTaMH. B XIV BeKe KoAeHH, TaK JK.e KaK H OC'fPOHOCIXe 6amMaKH, npeAoXpaiDIAHCb OT yAapos JK.eAe3HbiMH HaKA<lAJ<.aMH. no3AHee 3a~a Hor COCTO.SIAa H3 g U Jl b JK e ii, HAH H a K 0 Jl e H H bl X K par. CHap.IDKeHHe MJ1 AOillctAH B TYJ>HHpHbiX noeAifiiKax HeCKOAbKO OT.hlfqaAOCb OT cHap.IDKeHIDI 6oesoro. YJK.e B TYJ>HHpax Ha 6yAasax CTaAH npHMeiDIThCJI c egA a c B bl co K u M u c u g e H b R M u (HeM. Sattel im hohen Zeug). OHH npeAHa3HaqaAHcb MJ1 Toro, 'qT06bl pbll\apiO npH Mammy.JUIW~H opyJKHeM He MemaAa AOillllAb (pHC. 592). npH TaKOH KOHC'fP~ CeMa BCaAJIHK no~ CTO.SIA B CTJleMeHax (pHC, 59 3). 0KOBa.HHa.SI JK.eAe3oM nepeAJliDI AyKa MJI 3~1 Hor H 6eAep pbll\apR yxoAUAa oqeHb BbiCOKO ssepx u oXBaTh!BaAa ux no 6oKaM, .B sepxHe:H qacrn TaKOH AYKH HaxOAUAaCh npo~a.SI JK.eAe3Ha.SI CK06a, 3a KOTopyro phll\apb AepJKaAC.SI Aeso:H PYKOH, tiT06bl He Bbl.heTeTh H3 ceMa so speM.SI noeMfHKa. 3ctAHIDI AYKa oxBa.ThiBaAa Koprryc pbi~ap.SI, HCK.JUOqa.SJ B03MOJKHOCTb nctAeHIDI c AOmctAH. OcTa.hbHa.SI qacTh KOHHoro CHapRJKeHH.SI 6bl.ha TaKo:H JKe, KaK H paHee OIIHCaHHOe CHapRJKeHHe, HCIIOAb3yeMoe npH 6oeBbiX AeHCTBIDIX. B AOnoAHeHHe CAeAyeT OTMeTHTb, liTO AOillllAb BCerAa 6bl.ha IIOKpbiTa nonoHOH H3 npoqHoH KOJKH, Ha KOTOpYffi CBepxy HaKJ\aAbiBaAaCb HilKifAKa, pa3pHCOBa.HHa.SI repaAbAH'IeCKHMH 3M6AeMaMH. TypHHp Ha 6yAaBax K Komzy XV BeKa CTaA BhiXOAHTb H3 MOAbl, YJK.e B paHHeM cpeAHeBeKoBhe HaPRAY c Puc. 592 OIIHCaHHbiMH BlfAaMH TYJ>HHpOB, npH no~ OAHHaKOBOM PHTYaAe, IIORBHAC.SI e~e OAHH, Puc. 592. TypHHpHoe BLICOKOe OT.hl{qaiQ~C.SI C~eCTBeHHbiM o6pa30M OT ce/J.,Ao. Bropitll noA. XV B. repMaHCKHH Han;HOHaJ\.bHLIH nepBhiX. Ero cHaqaAa Ha3biBaAH npocro MY3e:H, H10pa6epr. «6o:H>> (HeM. Kampf), no3AHee, B XV seKe, 3TOT IIOeAHHOK IIOAytiHA 6oAee Haiihiii.\eHHoe Ha3BaHHe: CCC map U H H bl U HeMe q K U U neW U ii 6 0 U>>. npoHCXOJKAeHHe 3Toro nemero 6o.SI Me.JI_{Ay ABYM.SI pbll\apHMH CAeAyeT HCKaTb B APeBHerepMaHcKoM Eo JK be M c y g e 1, rAe nosepJK.eiiHbi:H B 6010 paciiAa'IHBaACJI csoe:H JK.H31

Ha3BaHHe ae HMeeT HH'Iero o6mero c xpHCTHaHCTBOM, 3TO nepeJKHTOK craporo BapBapcKoro cyAe6aoro DpaBa. npH cnopHLIX BoDpocax cyALH Hd3Hd'laAH «cyAe6HLIH DOeAHHOK», OTAaBCUI TeM caMLIM Hd BOAIO 6oroB DpHHHTHe pemeHIUI. llpoHrpaBWHH cyAe6HLIH DoeAHHOK C11HTaJ\.CSI BHHOBHLIM. C BBeAeHHeM XpHCTHaHCTBa 3Ta <lJopMa cyAa, HeCMOTpSI Ha TO 'ITO ~epKOB:b HeOAftOKpdTBO DpOTHB Bee BLICT}'11aA&, coxpaHSIAaC:b AOBOALHO AOArO (npUM. peg.).

TypHHpHoe

ooopyJKeHHe

387

HhiO. EoAee no3AH11e noeAJfHKI1 TaKoro poAa yrep.HA11 esoe peAHTI103Hoe Ha'laAO 11 npespaTHJ\.Heb S SOeHHbie 11rphl, He HanpaBAeHHbie Ha )'HH'ITOJKeHI1e llpOTI1SHI1Ka. CKopee Hao6opoT, u;eAbiO 11x eTMO noAyqeHI1e seeo6I.Q,ero np113HaHH.SI s 11eKyeeTse sA~eHH.SI opyJKI1eM 11 Ha 3asoesaHI1e 6AaroeKAOHHOeTI1 npeKpaeHbiX AaM. Ha eaMoM AeAe B03spai.Q.eHI1e K eTapbiM TpaAJfi.J;H.SIM, KaKI1MI1 11x s epeAHeseKosbe npeAeTaSA.HAO llp01'11S06opeTSO nenmx pbii.J;apeM, He. 11Me.l\.O HI1KaKOM Apyro.H u;eAI1, KpoMe KaK 113o6peTeHI1e see 6oAee pa3Hoo6pa3HhiX cpopM TypH11pHoro eoeT.SI3aHI1.SI. noeKOJ\.hKY pbii.J;apeTSO e AOeTOMHbiM ysaJKeHI1eM OTHOeHJ\.Oeb KO seeM eTap11HHbiM o6p.SIAaM, <<ne.;. nm.H 6oii禄 e eaMoro Ha'laAa npoSOAHJ\.e.SI e qpe3Shi'laMHOM TOpJKeeTSeHHOeTblO 11 np11 eo6AIOAeHI111 eTpOri1X npasHJ\.. H3MeHeHH.SI S cpopMe eoeT.SI3aHI1M np11sel\.H 11 K eyru;eeT-. seHHOMY 113MeHeHI110 3ai.Q.I1THoro soopyJKeHii.SI, S eS.SI311 e 'leM eTa.l\.11 113MeH.SITbe.SI AOenexl1. Ha eHap.SIJKeHI1e, u;epeMOHI1al\. 11 MaHepy cpexTOSaHH.SI OKa3aAI1 3Ha'li1Te.l\.bHOe BJ\.11.SIHI1e eTap11HHbie MaeTepa cpeXTOSal\.bHOro 11eKyeeTsa, pbii.J;ap11 opAeHa Cs.SIToro MapKa, 0 'leM eS11AeTe.l\.beTsyeT eTap11HHOe pyKOSOAeTSO IIO cpeXTOSaHI110. Co speMeHeM eTa.l\.11 OTXOAHTb OT 3TI1X cpopMaAbHOeTeM, Puc. 593 113MeH.SI.SI npaKT11KY sePuc. 593. CuapSIJKeuHe MSI rypHHpa ua 6yAaBax. fepnor AeHH.SI TypH11pos. P11feopr EaBapcKHH H .1\.aHACXy:fCKHH (1455-1503) BO BpeMSI e)'HOK rnse.Hu;apeKoM rypuHpa 18 anrycra 1482 r. 路B feHAe.J\.b6epre. 1113 MaHeeeKoM PYKon11e11 rypHHpHoH KHHrH fauca EyprKMaiiepa MAdAIIIero. AKBdpe.J\.b AdT. OK. 1554 r. 1113 KO.J\.1\.eKI.\HH KHSI3SI cpoH (oKoAo 1300) npeAforeHI.\OJ\.J\.epH-3HrMapHHrena. eTaBJ\.SieT ASYX soi1Hos SO speM.SI noeAHHKa, KOTOpbiM npo11eXOAJfT S np11eyreTSI1I1 AaM, OA06p.SIIOI.Q,I1X eSOI1X pbii.J;apeM XAOnaH11eM B A~OIIII1. Ha 3TOM pHC)'HKe npeACTaBA.SieT oeo6biM 11HTepee TO.J\.hKO opyJKI1e 11 OAeJKAa. l.JTO KaeaeTe.SI OAeJKAbi, TO S paHHeM epeAHeSeKOSbe TpaAHI.J;I10HHOM etii1TaAaeb AJ\.11HHa.SI py6axa, OAesaeMa.SI no3JKe nosepx Aoenexa. 0Ha shiXOAJfT 113 MOAhi TOAhKo K eepeAI1He XV seKa. OpyJKI1eM eoeT.SI3aiOI.Q.I1X-

25*

llacTL IV. TypHUpLI

388 CJI .HBA5110TC.H Tynbie KY,J\..al!HhiX ~HTOB

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(pH c.

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PYKO.HTH

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5 9 5). cepeAHHe XV

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pa cpaJKaiOTC5I He TOAbKO MeqaMlf, HO If 6yAaBaMlf, paMlf,

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rraAHII,aMH, AIOCCaKaMH, ceKHpaMH If A aJKe 6oeBbiMH u,erraMH.

Puc. 594

Aocrrex

npHo6peTa-

eT <PoPMY·

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f0 BHAa TYPHHpHoro rroeAHHKa. ll.IJ\.eM -

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Puc. 595

Puc. 594. <l>eXToBaHHe na Mel!ax. H3o6paJKeH OAHH H3 rroeAHHKOB MHHHe3HHrepa BHAhreAbMa ¢on lllap¢en6epra; HdA HHM H3o6paJKeH ero Il\HT c rep6oM. MHHHaTiopa H3 MaHeccKo:H: (EoAhlliOH fe:H:AeAb6eprcKo:H:) PYKOIIHCH, Hal!. XIV B. Puc. 595. floeAHIIoK Ha aAhlliiiHcax. MHHHaTIOpa H3 HAAIOCTpHpOBaiiHOro KOAeKCa « l.J.epeMOHHH IIOeAHHKOB >>, ua..I. XV B. flapHJKCKaSI HaQHOIIaAhHaSI 6H6AHOTeKa. 1

MacTepa-IIIAeMHHKH rrpeAYCMOTpeAH 3aii\HTY roAOBhi poB

pbiii,ap.H

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YAa-

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Lacroix, P. <<Vie militaire et religieuse au Moyen-age». Paris, 1873 (npuM. aBm.).

TypHHpHoe

389

BoopyJKeHHe

HarpyAJI11K 113 ABYX nAacnm: coeAHI-I.SieTc.H BH113Y c I06KOM TaK

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PHc. 596. Aocnex AAH nernero 6 oH KAoAa Ae BoApe . KaMeprepa repuora BypryHACKoro KapAa CMe.!\.oro; B 3TO!II Aocnexe oH npHHHMa.!\. y~IacTHe B COCT}l3aHHH C HMUepaTOpOM MaKCHMH.!\.HaHOlll I no npeMH npa3AHeCTB na pe:HxcTare B BopM ce (1495). J13roTOB.!\.eH OK. 1490 r.

l l1.!\..!\.IOCTpHpoBaHHbl~ KOACKC H3 6H6.!\.HOTeKH HCTOpHKO-XYAOJKeCTBeiiHhiX K0.!\..1\.eKUHH AH<."''pHHCKoro HMnepaTopcKoro ABop a B BeHe. Leitner, Freydal. «Des Kaisers Maxmulians I. Turmere und Mummereien)). Wien. 1880-1882 (npuM. aBm.) .

l!acTL IV. TypHHpLI

390

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Puc. 597 PHc. 591. eXToBa.J\.bHbiH KyAa'IHhiH m;HT c .J\.OBYillKaMH M51 K.J\.HHKa. HTaAHSI. a) BHA crrepeAH. b) Pa3pe3. PHc. 598. TypHHpHhiH apMeT, H3 rapHnrypa HeMe~Koro AOCnexa M5J. nelllero noeAHHKa; Ill.J\.eM HCIIO.J\.HeH H3 IIOAHpoBaHHOH CTa.J\.H C TpaB.J\.eHbiMH H II030.J\.O'IeHHhiMH IIO.J\.OCaMH H 3M6AeMaMH . BepoSITHO, Ayrc6ypr, OK. 1560 r. My3eH ApMepHSI PeaAe, TypnH.

Puc. 598

Hap~y C KyAa~HhiMI1 ~11TaMI1 B COCT~3aH~, rAe He npHMe~HCb KOllh~,

HcnoAh30BaJ\.11 AepeB~HHhie pyt!Hhie

m a p ll u,

o6T~HYThie noAOTHOM 11 pacKpa-

IIIeHHbie B repaAhAH~ecKHe ~BeTa BAaAeAh~a. B

XVI

seKe «HeMe~KHM neiiiHM

6oi1:» nocTeneHHO YTPaTHA csoe 3Ha~eHHe. BMecTo nero 3asoeBaA nony~pHOCTh 6oAee 3cpcpeKTHhiM neiiiHM TYPHHp, noxoJK.HM HeMHoro Ha cTapHHHhiM rpynnoso.M TYPHHp. 0TJU1~11e ero 3aKAIO~aJ\.OCb TOAhKO B TOM, ~TO OH npoBOAHAC~ ~epe3 6apbep. np11 cpaHaT~ecKOM YBAe~eHHH pbmape.M CTapHHHbiMH o6bfli~H KaJK.AbiM 113

~eHOB BA~eTeAbHOH 3HaT11 C~I1TaJ\. CB011M AOArOM HMeTb no MeHhiiieH Mepe OAJfH TYPHHpHhiM Aocnex B csoeM apceHaAe, ~T06hi np11 B03MOJKHOM Bhi30Be AOCTOMHbiM

o6pa30M

npeACTaTb

nepeA

conepHHKOM.

np116AI1311TeAbHO

TypHHpHoe

1 5 1 0 roAy m y p aM u

Boopy>KeHHe

391

MacTepa opy>Kei1Horo AeAa CTaAI1 113roTaBA11BaTh Aocrrex11 TaKI1M

o6pa3oM,

qTo6bi

OAI1H

TOT

JK.e

AOcrrex

ITYTeM

r a p 1-l u 3aMeHhi

OTAeAbHbiX CMeHHbiX AeTaAeM MOJKHO 6biAO 11CITO.J\.b30BaTb KaK B cpaJKeHI111, TaK 11 Ha TypH11pe, a

15 6 0

rrp11MepHO C

fOAa B TaKOl\-1 >Ke AOCrrexe MOJKHO 6biAO

BhiCTYf111TL 11 B rrerneM rroeAJ1HKe. CoxpaHHAOCh MHOfO 6oeBbiX AOCITeXOB, xpaiUIJ.I.U1XC..SI HhiHe B

MYJe..Six.

CpeAJ1 HI1X AO-

crrexl1 AA.b6pexTa Axi1AJ\.eca, MapKrpacpa

EpaHAeH6yprcKoro, KapAa

<1>epA11HaH-

M 3pu,repu,ora <1>epAJ1HaHAa T11pOAh-

CKoro.

oco6o TopJKeCTBeHHhiX cAyqa..Six

MOHapx11 ..SIBA..SIAI1Ch B pocKOIJ.IHo YKPaiJ.IeHHhiX AOcrrexax. TaK, Harrp11Mep, HMrrepaTOp

MaKCI1MHAI1ilH

np11CYTCTBOBaA

rrpa3AHeCTBaX B TaKHX AOCrrexax, CBHAeTeAbCTBYJOT EyprKMaiiepa.

rpaBiopbi

Ha qeM

XYAOJKHI1Ka

0oAo6Hbie

AOCITeiJ.IHbie

rapHHTypbl MOJKHO 6biAO HOCHTb 11 B KOHHbiX TypH11pax, C 3TOH I.J,eAbiO Hil MeTaAAI1qecKOM I06Ke AeAaAI1 rrepeAJ-II1e 11 3aAHMe

AYI'oo6pa3Hbie

1 6 3).

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(eM.

p11c.

xa ~ rrernero rroeAI1HKa qepe3 6apbep 6hi.J\.11 ITOABMJK.Hble lli11pOKI1e HafiJ\.eqHI1KI1, MeTaAJ\.11qecKa..SI KOAOKOA006pa3Ha..SI I06Ka 11

OTCYTCTB11e

KOITh..SI; crrexa

orropHoro

OCTaAbHOM

KOITHpyeT

KpiOKa

cpopMa

o6bNHLri1

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AO-

AOCrrex

TOM

3ITOXI1. Ha HAJ\.IOCTpau,IDix qacTo BCTpeqaeTC..SI 6ypryHACKHH apMeT, a TaKJKe TypHHpHbiM apMeT, (p11c.

rrp11BI1Hqi1BaeMbiM

59 8).

TeBbie,

HarpyAH11KY

TaM JK.e BJ1AHO, qTo KaK AOK-

TaK 11 KOAeHHLie

cycTaBLI 3am:l1-

m:eHbl HaAOK.OTHUKaMI1 H HaKOAeHHI1KaMI1. AorroAHI1TeAhHhiMI1

HaKAaAKaMH

3am:H-

meHhi 06bJqHo TOAbKO fiAeql1 (p11C. KaK yJKe paHbiJ.Ie p..SIJKeHHe

OTAJ1qaAOCb

ITOeAI1HKa

CHap..SIJKeHH..SI. ToAbKO B MOB

Tapqej1

rypHHpa.

rrepBOHaqaAbHO

ycoseprneHCTBOBilHhi C

XIV

6oesoro

BeKe 6biAI1

KOHCTPYKU.U11

yqeTOM

CHa-

KOITb..SIX

OC060M

600):

XIV

Puc. 599

mAeI.J,eAI1

3To B11AHO Ha IJ.IAeMe ABOp..SIH-

CKoro poAa OpaHKOB cepeAI1Hhi (p11C.

5 99).

ynoMHHaAOCh,

BeKa

AeBa..SI CTOpOHil IJ.IAeMa 3am:l1-

m:eHa AOITOAHI1Te.J\.bHOH CTaAbHOM ITAaCT11-

Puc. 599. TypHHpHbiH Aocnex AMI HeMeu;Koro nernero 6oH, c :ia.KpbiThiMH HapY'laMH H llOHO>KaMH H C 6ypryHACKHM apMeTOM. 113 rapHHTypa 3pu;repu;ora <DepAHHaHAa THpo.J\.bCKoro . 1547 r .

qacTh IV. TypHIIpLI

392

Hoi1 Ha 3aKAenKax H H3HYfpH CHa6>K.eHa soi1Ao~:moi1 npoKAaAKoi1. BeKa

AOCnex,

Af\5I

npCAHa3Ha"tJeHHbiM

MOAH<pHQ.HpoBaH. 3a6oTa

IIOeAHHKa

KOnh51X,

1-Ia

HaY'aAe

6biA

fiOAHOCThlO

6e30flaCHOCTH COCT.SI3aBIIIHXC51 pbll..\apei1, OOCTO.SIH-

HOe CTpeM.J\.CHHe K BHeiiiHeMy 3cpcpeKTY CTa.J\.H npHY'HHOM HCfiO.J\.b30BaHH.SI OC06eHHO

T.SI>KeAoro,

cnei.\HaAbHo

H3I'OTOB.J\.eHI·IOro

AO-

cnexa. TioeAiitiKH Ha KOflb51X fiOAY"tJHAH CDei.\HaAbHOe

r e w m ex

o6o3Haqem1e - stechen -

(HeM.

Gestech

oT HeM.

KOAOTL). Hoshli1 Aocnex noAy-qHA o611J,e-

w m ex 4 o ii. r (HeM.

Stechzeug) .

l13MeHeHH.SI 3Toro AOCnexa npoXOAH.l\11 y

pa3HhiX Ha-

npHH.SIToe Ha3BilHHe

POAOB He B OAHO H TO >K.e BpeM5I, XOT.SI THllbl AOCneXOB B OCHOBHOM HMe.J'ili HeKOTopoe CXOACTBO. TipHI-1Q,HHHa.l\hHO

pa 3.J\.J1qaJOT

ABU.

XapaKTepHbiX

THna:

He-

Mei.\KHM H HTaAb5IIICKH:i:f IIITexqoi1r.

HeM e 4 K

m eX 4 0 ii I'

(pH C.

6 0 1}

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H3 HeCKOAbKiiX qacTei1. lill\.eM, o6pa3HO Ha3BClHHhiH

a 6 b e ii.

r o A o B o ii,

HanoMHHaeT

cpopMy

cTapbiX

roplllKOBhiX IIIAeMoB. HH>KH5151 qacTh III.l\eMa 3aKphisaeT J'iliQ.O AO rAa3, 3aTLIAOK H IIIeJO, TeMeHHa.SI qacTL npHn.J\.JOCHYfa,

AHI.\CB<l..SI

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CH.J\.bHO

BbiT.SIHYfa

sne peA, a Ha yposHe rAa3 CAeAaHa Y3Ka5l IlJ,eAL. KaK Ha TeMeHH, TaK H no o6eHM CTOpOHaM lll.J\.eMa HMe-

Af\5I KpenAeAJ\.51 KO>K.aHhiX

JOTC.SI napHbie OTBepCTH5I; OAHH CAyJKaT HH51 lll.J\.eMHoro YKPaiiieHHH, ApyrHe -

peMeiiiKOB, CT.SII'HBaiOilJ,HX DOAIIIAeMHhiH KOAnaK. Kupaca

KopoTKa.SI,

cnepeAH

HarpyAHHK • .1\.eBhiM 6oK

HMeeT

noABH>KHhiH

KHpacbi BhinYKJ\.blM,

BbiM, I'Ae pacnoAoJKeH KpiOK

AJ\.51

KOllh.SI -

npa-

fl.l\OCKHM.

CnHHa HMeeT o6biqHym cpopMy. lliAeM KpenHTCH Ha I'PYAH TpeM.SI BHHTilMH HJ'ili cnei.\HilAhHbiM 3a>K.HMOM. CoeAHHeHHe IIIAeMa c

KHpaco:ii Ha cnHHe ocyu\eCT-

HJ\.51eTc.SI C OOMOilJ,hiO BepTHKilAhHO paCOOAO>K.eHI-IOI'O lllACMHoro 6oATa. Ha rpyAH KHpacLI c

Pnc. 600.

ropiiiKOBbiH

poHbi

YKpenAeH

m e ii. 1-l AJ\.51

IIIJ\eM. DpHHaA,J\eJKaJ\ pbi-

:qapiO 113 IIITHPMHCKoro

Ha Aesoi1

poAa DpaHKoB ; IIIJ\eM

CTH.SI,

AJ\51 rroe-

rrpeAHa3Ha~IeH

A MHKa Ha KOIILSIX, Il03TO-

ycHJ\eiJ AOIIOJ\HHTeJ\b-

Holl: 3aiUHTOH C J\eBOH cropoHLI. Cep.

XIV

KoJKanaSI no30J\O~IeHHaSI repaALAH'-IeCKaSI qmrypa (pora.) -

6ol\.ee II03AHero

H l11

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cTopoHe

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Konh.SI

cpHKCai.\HH 3aAHei1 qacTH KOllh.SI. Knpachi

naxoA5J.TC51 ABa

OTBep-

HHOI'Aa MaCCHBHOe KOJ\bl.\0, qepe3 KOTOpoe

npoAepHYfa nenhKOBan sepesKa qa K rpyAH. HeMy

npasoi1 cTo-

AJ\.51

AJU1

KpenAeHH.SI Tap-

HarpyAHHKy KpenHTC.SI ua6piOUIHHK.

npHcoeAHH.SIIOTC.SI

Ayroo6pa3Hhie

MeTaAAHqe-

CKHe OOAOChl, nepeXOA5J.IlJ,He B 3AaCTHY'Hbie 111\.H >K.eCTKHe

Ha6eAPeHHHKH.

HaCHHHHHKY

npHKpenAeH

Haxpe6eTHHK, HH>K.Hei1 CBOeM qacThJO onHpaiOilJ,HMC.SI

M3rOTOBJ\e HHSI, OTHOCHTCSI

Ha ceAf\o H YAep>KHBaJOilJ,HM Ha ce6e T5DKeCTh scero

K Ha~Ial\.Y

Aocnexa.

HanAeqHHKH

npHcoeAHHHJOTCH

KHpace

no-

MOilJ,hiO noAnpy>KHHeHHhiX IIIpHtlJToB. CnepeAH OHM HMeJOT O'-IeHh MaAeHhKHe (HAH soo611J,e He HMeiOT}

Kphi.l\h5I,

C3CtAH

3HaqHTeAbHbie.

TioAMhiiiiKOBhie

TypHHpHoe

Bbipe3bl

3UKpbiThl

60AhlllHMH

soopy>KeHHe

393

AHCKafvlH,

cso60AHO BHC5IIIJ;Hrvm Ha peMIDIX. Ha npaBOM npeAllAeqbe

AJ\51

3aiiJ;HThl AOKTeBOfO

crn6a HMeeTC51 lllHpOKHH qalJleo6pa3HbiH HaAOKOTHHK,

AeBOM

Hel10AB11JKHU5I HaKAUAKa,

npeAnACqbe

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C51 p)'KaBHI.J;e.H:. Ha npaBOM nAeqe qacTo HMeeTc51

g e p .JK am e A

on b

no-

CKOAhKY pbii.J;Up11 11p11 BhiXOAe Ha pHCTaAHIIJ;e Hecyr KOnhe Ha nAeqe,

Puc. 601

Puc. 601. Aocnex-mTexn;o:Hr HMnepaTopa MaKcHMMl\.HaHa I. a) BMA cnepeAH. Aocnex llOl\.HpORaHHLIH, pH<IJheiiLIH, C a>KypHOH rGTM 1 IeCKOH KpOMKOH; BeHTH.MIUHOHHLie OTBepCTH51 B roTH 1 1eCKOM CTHJ\.e Ha npaBOH CTOpOHe llll\.eMa BLIITOl\.HeHLI Ha MTal\.LHHCKHH MaHep.

b) BMA C3C\AH. npHMe'laTel\.LHLI TIIJ;aTCl\.LHO OTAeAaHHLIH lllTLipL Al\.H KpeiiAeHHH yKpClllieHHH Ha IllAel.'rle,

KpoHmTeHH AAH YAep>KaHHH KoHn;a KOIThH M ro<!JpHpOBdHIILIH Haxpe6eTHHK, 3d~H~diO~HH HH3 CITHHLI. OK. 1490 r.

qacTh IV. TypHHphi

394

CAeAyeT

3aMeTHTh,

qTo

mTex~o:Hr,

KaK

rrpaBHAo,

HaAeBaiOT I06Ky 113

TKaHH, AeJKaiiJ;YIO rAy6oKHMH cKAaAKaMH 11 YKPaiiieHHYJO pocKomHo:i1: BhiiiiHBKOM. 3TOT

AOClleX

cqHTaeTC.H

TeM

CTapme,

qeM

OTBecHee

IIOBee, qeM OHM ITAOTHee rrpHAeraiOT K mee. K

CTeHKH

IIIAeMa,

TeM

CHap.HJKeHHI-0 AOCITeXa OTHOC5ITC.H

TaKJKe Tapq 11 KOllhe. Tapq HMeeT qeTbipexyro.l\.hHYIO cpopMy, BHH3Y 3aKpyrAeH,

602).

HHJKHHH Kpa:i1: CAerKa BhlfHYT BrrepeA (pHC.

MHHa oKo.l\.o

o6AH~OBaH

lliHpHHa ero OKO.l\.0

CM,

cM. Tapq H3roTaBAHBaAc.H 113 TBepAhiX rropoA Aepesa 11 6bi.l\.

CHapyJKH

KOCT5IHbiMH

IT.l\.aCTHHKaMH.

3TH

IT.l\.ilCTHHKH

113

OAeHbHX

KOIThiT H.l\.11 poros AOA}KHhi 6biAH npeAoxpaH.HTh Tapq oT rroAoMKH rrp11 YAape KorrheM. Becb IIJ;HT 6biA o6T.HHyr KOJK.e:i1:. B qepe3

KOTOpbie

ITPOAeBaAC.H

~eHTpe HaXOAHAHCh ABa oTBepcnm,

A.J\.51 Kperr.l\.el-11151 Tapqa K

IIIH)'P

rpyAH

KHpaCbl.

nepeA noeAHHKOM Tapq ITOKpbiBaAC.H TKaHbl-0 OAHHaKOBOfO ~BeTa If pHCYHKa C HaKHAKOH .l\.OillilAlf.

6 0 3),

Konhe (pH c.

370

AJ\111-Ibl 1-1

CM, HMeeT K 0

cTaHAapTHoi1

H ll

(HeM. Kronlein). KopoHKa cocTOHT 113 KopoTKo:i1: rH.l\.h3hi, yseH-

e lll-l u K

qamw:H

H3fOTOB.l\.eHHOe 113 N.HfKHX nopoA Aepesa,

CM 11 AHaMeTpOM rrp116.l\.H3HTeAbHO

3y6~aMH

TpeMJI-qeTbiphM.H

npoAeBaiOT 3aiiJ;HTHhiH AlfCK

(a).

'4epe3

HHJKHHH

KOBe~

Y3KHH

(c), KOTOpbiH KperrHTC..H Ha BHI-ITaX K

KOllh.H

JKe.l\.e3HOMY

KO.l\.h~Y (s), ycTaHOBAeHHoMy na APeBKe KOllh.H. K

KoMnAeKTYJOIIJ;HM qacT.HM cHap.HJKeHH5I cAeAyeT npHqHcAHTh ITOAIIIAeMHhiM

KoAnaK,

cmnThiH 113 THKosoH: MaTepHH c

ABOHHOH rrpocTeratmo:H: npoKAaAKOM

113 BOH.l\.OKa. no 6oKaM KO.l\.llaKa HMCIOTC.H KOJKaHble peMeiiiKH. OHM npoAeprHBaiOTC.H qepe3 OTBepCTM.H III.l\.eMa 11 CB.H3biBaJOT KperrKO llOAJIIAeMHhiM KO.l\.llaK CO III.l\.eMoM (p11c.

604).

Ha pHCYHKe

o6xoAHMhiH HHCTpyr.teHT B

605

H3o6paJKeHa cTapm-IHan oTsepTKa, He-

A.J\.51 cHap.H}KeHH.H pbi~apcKHX TYIJHHpoB.

3aKAI-OqeHHe xoqeTc.H ynoM.HHY'fh em,e o mnopax. OHM HMe.l\.M OAifHaKOBYJO

KOHCTPYK~HIO A.J\.51

scex

pa3HOBlfAHOCTe:i1:

TypHHpos.

AeAaAH

113

JK.e.l\.e3a,

HapyJKHYIO nosepxHoCTh HHOrAa noKphmaAH AaTYHhiO. WeiiKH mnop MHHOM B

CM napaAAe.l\.hHhl 6oKOBhiM CTOpoHaM CK06hi, OXBaTbiBaiOIIJ;eH Ka6AYK 6am-

MaKa. TaKa.H cpopMa mnop ll03BOA.HeT BCaAHHKY BO BpeM.H COCT.H3aHMH .l\.CfKO

6 3 7).

ynpaBMITh .l\.OIIIUAhiO (pH C.

l1 m a A

b R H

c K u ii

p oM a H c K oro HH5I B

w m ex z..t o ii r,

m y pH u p a

npeAHa3HaqeHI-IbiH

A.J\.51 TaK Ha3biBael\wro

Ha KOITh.HX, npeTepneA npHMeqaTe.l\.bHbie M3NeHe-

csoe:H KOHCTPYK~HH. Bo-nepBbiX, IIIAeM KpenHAC.H K

cnHHHHKY

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npoXOAHJ\. HHOrAa JKeAe3HhiH XOMyrHK- 3ilCTe}KKa. Ha npaso:H cTopoHe mAeMa HMeAaCb IIIHpoKa.H rrp..HMoyro.l\.bHa.H ABep~a, CBOeo6pa3Ha51 <flopToqKa na

cBeJKero

B03Ayxa.

BhlllYKAhiH. B-TpeTbHX,

Bo-sTopbiX,

npaBbiH

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6biA ne

A.J\.51 AOC1yll.l\.OCKMH,

KHpacy o6biqHo cnepeAif o6T.HfHBa.l\.l1 Tonqa:i1:IIIHM KaM-

qaTHhiM noAoTHOM, pacmHThiM repaAb~ecKHMH 3M6AeMaMM. AaAee, na AeBoN 6oKy

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A.J\.51

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Tapqa. Ha npaBOM 6oKy KHpaCbi, Ha llO.HCe, 6bl.l\. rrpHKAerraH KOJKaHbiH CTUKaH, o6TJIHY'fbiH

MaTCp:HeH,

3TOT CTaKaH nepeA BLIXOAOM ua TypHHp

BCTilB.J\511\H

TaKo:H HaKoHe'IHHK AeJ\.aJ\.CH crreD,HaJ\.bHo A,'\51 6oJ\.biiieH: 6e3orracHocru, no TpeM 3y6D,al.\l paBHOMepHo pacrrpeAeJ\.HJ\.acb Harpy3Ka OT YAapa (npuM. peg.).

Typnupuoe ooopyJKeHue

395

KOIIbe, KOTOpoe fihi.I\.0 IIal\UIOrO Aer"Y:e KOObJI, npHMeHSiel'vlOrO B HeMeU,KOl\1 HHpe.

Do3TOMY AOCnex He HMeA 3aAHero

ryp-

f\Iil.CCHBI-IOro KpOI-IIIITeHHil MJI noA-

Aep>KKH KOOhJI; cnpil.Ba Ilil.XOAHACSI MaCCHRBbiM Kpi-OK, 3aKpenAeHHhii1 B 3a>K.Hf\I-

Puc. 602

Puc. 604

Puc. 603

Puc. 605

lllTeXI~olira. Ko>Kanas:r o6nmBKa OTcyTcrnyeT; o6KMlAKa Tapqa KOCTSIHaSI. KoH. XV B.

Puc. 602. TypuHpHhiH Tapq oT

Puc. 603. TypHHpHoe Koni,e, c KopOH'IaTLIM HaKoHeqnHKOM H 3dll.(HTHI,IM AHCKO.lll. KoH. XV B. Puc. 604. floAlllAeMHLiil KOAITaK. flpeAIIa3IIa'Ieu MSI 3cl.IUHTLI roAOBLI oT YAapon o IllAel\1. XV B. Puc. 605. OTnepTKa. XV B.

HOM KOAOAKe. HacnHHIIHK 'l'aK>Ke 6biA o6TJIHY'f MaTepHeH, npoi1Ma nl\.eqil CH.J\bHO Bbipe3aHa.

DoABH>KHbie 路 Hanl\eqHHKH

HMe.J\H

cnepeAH

C3ilAH

Kpbi.J\beB.

396

tiacTb IV. TypuHpLI

DpaBbiM Hap~ aHaAOrl11IeH no cpacoHy Hap~y HeMe~Koro AOCnexa, OAJiaKO AeBbiM HMeA noABH>KHYJO KOHCTPYKU.HIO, a He .>KeCTKyJo. B KalieCTBe npHMepa Mo.>KeT CAY>KHTb HTa.Ab51HCKHH IIITex~o.Hr (pHc. 606), 3KcnoHHpyeMhiM B KopoAeBcKoM BoeHHOM My3ee MaApJ1Aa, oiiiH6oliHo npHnHCbiBaeMhiM KapAy V. (/) p a H 4 y a c K u i1 m m ex 4 o i1 r HAeHTHlieH HTa.J\.b.siHCKoMy. 0TAHliHe cocTo511\.0 B TOM, liTO III.i\eM fibl.i\. MeHbiiie llO BhiCOTe H KpenH.i\C.si cnepeAJ1 K I-IarpyAHHKY nocpeACTBOM CKo6hi, a C3aAJ1 c llOMOII.l;hlO peMHeM, CT51rHBaiOIIJ;HXC51 Ha 3aTbi.J\.Ke npJI.>KKaMH. A H r A u i1 c K u i1 m m ex 4 o i1 r noliTH He npeTepne.J\. HHKaKHX H3MeHeHHH, OH HMe.J\. 6o.J\.biiiOe CXOACTBO C 6oeBbiMH H TypHHpHhiMH AocnexaMH XIV BeKa, noToMy liTo B AHrAHH, KaK B HHKaKoii APYro.H cTpaHe, npo~ecc o6nosAeHH51 pbi~apcKoro CHup.si.>KeHH51 rrpoxoAHA ol.J:eHh MeAJ\.eHHO. K HaliaAY XV BeKa B ·repMaHHH rro.siBHAc.si HOBbiH B11A KOHHoro noeAJ1HKa Ha KOllh51X, KOTOpbiH 3BBOeBaA 60.J\.bi11YJO nonyA5lpHOCTh, peHHeH (.HeM. Rennen «cKaliKH»). EcAH BepHTh .1\..IOABHry cpoH 3:i1:6y, roc}.>Mei1cTepy AAh6pexTa-AsrycTa, MapKrpac}.>a EpaHAeH6yprcKoro, To nocAeAHHH npHIUI.i\ 6oAhJlloe ~aCTHe BO BHeApeHHH 1'ypHHpa THna peHHel-1. <Don 311:6 nHIIIeT: «OH, AAh6pexT, C03Aa.A H OTKpbi.J\. CBery peHHeH C KOITbeM, BeAh pai-Ibiiie 3TO npHMeHJIJ\.OCb peAKO; OH CO CBOHM BilCCaAOM feHpHXOM AoiJAopcpepoM C03Aa.A peHHeH, npH KoTopoM TOliHhiM YAapoM HY>KHO Ohl.i\O c6HTh c conepHHKa Tapli, KOToporo paHhPuc. 606 rne He 6biAo; a TaK.>Ke peHHeH c 3aKperrPHc. 606. HTa.J\.h.siHCKHH IIITexn;o:Hr AeHHhiM Tapt.IeM. OH npHcnoco6HA AOAMI T. H. poMaHcKoro TYPHHpa. H3 cnex A.i\51 KonHHI-IOro 6o51 IIITex~oiir c IIOAHpOBaHHOH CTa.J\.H, l.JaCTHl.J.HO nepeMhlliKaMH Ha HanAeliHbiX 111\.aCTHHaX, II030AQ1.JeH; KHpaca 06T51H)'Ta Ha KOTOpHX AOA.>KeH 6bi.i\ HOKOHThC51. reHy33cKoii rrap 1 IOH. H 3 n,e:Hxray3a Aocrrexon KapAa V. ll!AeM. OH TaK.>Ke 3aKpenHA IIITH¢TaMH OpeAIIOAOJKHTeAhHO rrpHHaA.J\.eJKaA 11J\.aCTI1Hhl, KOTOpbie paHbllle COCAHH51<DepAHHaHAY KaTOAHKy. Py6eJK .J\.UCb paMKaMH liT06bi liacTH Aocnexa XV-XVI BB. My3e:H ApMepH51 Pea.J\.h 1 Aep>KaAHCh npoliHee» . B Ma.ApHAe. 1 Jul. v. Minutoli: <<Das keis. Buell des Markgrafen Albrecht Achilles)). Berhn, 1850. B 3TOH KHHre eCTh H APYrHe n;eHHhie cBeAeHH51 o zypnHpax, AOCTOBepno noATBepJKAaiomHe, 'ITO B pa3BHTHH rro3AHHX ¢opM zypnHpa XV B. HapSIAY c AAh6peXTOM AxH.J\.ecoM 6u.J\.LIIIHe 3acAyrH npHHaA.J\.eJKaT MaKcHMHAHaHy I (npuM. aBm.).

Typuupuoe ooopyJKeuue

397

~...leAL noeAJ1HKa OCTaAaCb Ta .>Ke: <<npeAOMHTb KOnbe» HAM Bbi6HTb npOTHBHHKU .H3 CeAJ\.a, HO CTaAH YAeMITb 60Abiiie BHHMClHUSI 3QJ<peKTHOMY HCKyCCTBY ynpaB.J\eHH51 KOHeM, ll03TOMY noeAHHOK npeBpaTHAC51 B cepHIO nepHOAifqecKHX 1 3aMeHoJ1: KonHJi «Ha xoAy» •

aTaK, Ha noAHOM pa3rm-Ie AoiiiaAJ.i, c

Puc. 607.

Aocrrex- peHHl\OHr, c Tap'IeM, rrpHBHH'IeHHlriM K Knpace.

a) BHA cnepeAH.

BHA c3aAH. Kou.

B reuiTeXe plril\npH llOCAe CIIIH6KH OCaJKHBaAH AOIIIaAeH H

B03Bpau~aAHCh

Ha TO

Me(~fO

lJHCTill'IHll\d, OTKYAa Ha•IHHal'IH aTaKy, 'IT06lri nonpaBHTh CHap5DKeHHe H B3>1Th HOBOC KOIU.e. TaK 'ITO nocAe KaJKAOH ciiiHOKH 6LIAa nay3a. HononBeAeHHe B noeAIIHKax THna penneH 3aKAIO'laAOClr B TOM, 'ITO plril\upH pa3rOH5IAH KOHeH, CIIIH6dAHCb, «ITpeAaMAHBaH KOlllr5l)). B TOM JKe Te.Mne npoCKilKHB<lAH Ha npoTHBOITOAOJKHLIH KOHeU pHCTi\..1\.IUl{a. pa3BOpatiHBd..I\.H AOIIIa,<\eH, f>paAH «Ha XOAy>> HOBbie KOlllrH H, KaK 6I.I l'teHHHCb MeCTaMH, IIIAH B TOM JKe TeMne B HOBYIO aTaKy. TaKHX nepHOAH•IeCKHX CIIIH6oK MorAo ObiTb TPH HAH 6oAr.IIIe. IvloJKCT f>r.ITb, KaK pa3 oT 3Toro nononBeAeHHSI HeMei~KHe TYPHHplri H noAy•rHAH HanMeHonaHHe «CKil'IKH))

(npww.. peg.).

398

qacTb

IV.

TypHHpbi

Ec.J\H AOcnex TIITexu,o:Mr 6hi.J\ C03Ailii na ocnose cTaphiX AOcnexos c r opmKOBhiMH lli.J\el\taMH, TO AOcnex p e H H 4 o ii r (HeM. Rennzeug) 3aHMCTBOHa.J\ csmo ¢opMy oT roTW.JecKoro AOCnexa XV BeKa. foAosno:H y6op peHnu;o:Hra (puc. 607) · npeACTaB.J\5l.J\ co6oi1: lli.J\eM Ca.J\aA 6e3 3a6pa.J\a, HO CO CMOTpOBOH m.eAhiO. Ase HaK.J\aAKH, 3aKpen.J\eHHhie Ha mnoHKax, 3am.mu.a.J\H .J\06HyiO ~mcTb In y p Jl U pH 0 r 0 C (1 A a g a, Ha HeN HMeAHCb OTBepCTH51 A.J\5l 6o.J\ee npOCTOfO UI.J\eMHoro yr<parneBH51 :..,..- cy.J\Tana H3 nepbeB. HarpyAHHK, KaK 11 y IllTe:Hxu;o:Hm , 6hi.J\ cna6>KeH KpiOKON H KpOHillTeHHOM C ynopoM A.J\5l KOI1h51. K rpyAM npl1HHI I'4HBa.J\CSI NeTaA.J\11qecKHH noA6opOAHHK, 3aKphiBaBlliHH HIDKHIOJO qacrb J\HIJ,a. Cr:epeAH K no.51CY . KHpachi npHCOeAHH51.J\C51 6oeso:i1. cpapTyK H.3 HOABIUKHLIX

Puc. 608

Puc. 609

Puc. 608. PennTapq AJ\JI noeAHHKa «TO'IHf>iH)) peHHen. 113 AepeRa. o6·mnyT KoJKeii, ycul\eH JKel\e3Hr.IMH IIJ\aCTHIIilMH. KoH. XV n. PHc. 609 . HilKone•IHHKH TYlHIHpHLIX Korruii .

nJ\aCTHIPiaThiX no.J\oc, nepexoNI~HM B HOABH>KHhie Ha6eApeHHHKH. Cnunn N>c:nexu, CH.J\hHO Bbipe3<UIHa51 no 6oKal\t, B 3aTbi.J\KC H y 0051Ca, I-IallOMHHaeT (l>Opl\ty Kpecra. Haxpe6eTHHK, KaK y UITexu,o:Hra, 3am.mn,aeT HM3 C:IB1Hhl. 3To onHcaHH e pei-lHI\OHra 5IB.J\51CTC51 06IIJ.HM AJ'.51 BCeX pa3HOBHAJIOCTCH COCT513ai-UfH HCl KOIIM1X C HO.J\HhiN pa3fOHOM .J\OIIIilAH. K AOCnexy peHHl\OHr OTHOCHTCSI cneu;HuAbHhiM Tapq H.J\.11 p e H H II! a p 1J (HeM. Renntartsche, p11c. 608). OH H3roTOB.J\eH 113 Aepesa H o6nmYT Te.J\5l~IheH, KpalllCHIIOM B qepHbiM u;seT KO>t<e:H c >Ke.AC3Hoi1: OKOBKOH no Kpo5IN. PaAH yAo6cTsa KpenAeHH51 K KHpace pCHHTupq, llJ\OTHO npHAera51 K Te.J\y, IIOBTOIJ5l.J\ llJOpNy rpyAH H .J\eBOfO H.J\e~m BCaAHHKa, 11 .J\HlliL B HH>KHeif CBOeH t.JaCTH HeMHOfO 6bl.J\ Bhiri-Iyr snepeA. Pa3Mep pemuap..:m 3aBHCe.J\ OT pa3HOBHAHOCTH Typi-mpa peHHeH . B «TOqHOM» peHHeHe H 6)'HApCIIHCII OH HMe.J\ pa3Nepbl OT l1051Cil /\0 lilCH, a B «>KeCTKOM» peHHeH.e OT cepeA11Hhl 6eApa /\0 CMOTpOBOM II.J;e.J\11 mAel\ta. Bo scex pa3HOBHAHOCT5IX T)'pHHpa pennen, rAe Tupq ne HMe.J\ oco6oro 1

0 IIHCaHHe

- TypliH}JOD peHHeH CM. IIH.>Ke (Tipmr. peg.). pil3HODHAIIOCTeH

TypHHpHoe

399

Boopy.>KeHHe

MeXaHHlJeCKOfO npHCllOC06AeHH51, OH o6T.SifHBaJ\.C51 TKaHhiO C HaHeCeHHhi.MH Ha HeM repaAhAHt.IeCKHNH 3M6AeMal\lH BAaAeAbl(a. Teneph paccMoTpHM Konhe, 0HO

o6bit.IHO

Aerqe

KOllh.H,

npHMeH.HeMoe npH KoHHOH aTaKe B

npHMeH.HeMOfO

CIIIH6Ke

6e3

1\.0III~H, H3fOTOBAeHO 113 N.HfKHX nopOA Aepesa, HMeeT AJ\.HHY OKO.J\.0 AHaMeTp

CN H sec OKO.J\.0

peHHeHe.

1101\.HOfO

pa3f0Hq

380

CM,

Kf, HaKOHet.IHHK OCTphiH. CaMbie pacnpocTpa-

HeHHhie cpopMhi I-mKoHet.JHHKOB npHseAeHhi Ha pHc.

609.

OcTaAhHhie 31\.eMeHThi

KOllMI OC'l'aAHCh 6e3 H3MeHeliHH, TO.J\.hKO BMeCTO 3aii\HTHOfO AHCKa Ha KOllhe

H~eBa.J\.C.H TilK Ha3hiBaeMhiH 3 a ll{ U m H bl (pHC.

61 0). npH

yC"raHOBKe KOllh.H B

1.q U

m· 0

BOpOHK006pa3HOH cpopMhl

onopHbiH KP?HIIITeHH 3TOT ll\HTOK npH-

Puc. 610

PHc. 610. 3a~HTIILIH tnHTOK KOITbH MH noeAHHKOR peHIIeH. TIOAHpOBaHHI,I:H H pHCp.J\.eHI.IH.

.----

a) AHu;eBaH cropoHa.

...

_>-<3---, - ' -,-~~:;}

b) · ~HyrpenHHH cropoua c Kpene.>KHbi.M KpiOKOM. c) BHA c6oKy, Kpen.J\.eHHe 3a:rn;HTHoro tnHTKa Ha KonLe. PHc. 611. He3uCTerHBaeMoe 3apyKaBLe, MH npaBoH: pyKH Y'IacTIIHKa uoeAHHKa penHeH.

Puc. 611 KpbiBaA BCIO npasym PYKY OT 3an.HCTh.H AO nAet.Ja. PLiu;apb so speM.H T)'PHHpa npaBOH pyxo.H ynpaB.J\.511\. KOllheM C llOMOII\hlO KpiOKa, YCTnHOBAeHHOfO Ha BHyrpeHHeM CTopoHe 3TOfO ll\HTKa. noAIIIAeMHhiM KOAllaK, TaKOM .>Ke,

KilK y

IIITeX[(OMra,

peMH.HMH. Ha Hero oAeBaAC.H 'fYPHHpHhiM caAaA H

Kperr.HJ\C.H Ha fOAOBe

npHB.H3hiBaA<.:.H c

noMOII\hlO

AOllO.J\.HHTeAhHhiX MaAeHhKHX peMeiiiKOB BIIJ\.OTHyro K KOAllaKy. Ha MHorHx TypHHpax scaAHHK H~esaA Ha npaaym pyxy, a lJfill\e Ha o6e,

(HeM. Handstutze) M5J 3all\HThi 3all51CTh.H (pHc. 611). K 6oAee ll03AHHM BJ.iAaM T)'PHHpos XV 11 XVI seKoB oTHOCHTC.H n o A en o i1 my pH u p (1zeM. Feldturnier), KOTOphiM seAeT csoe naqaAo oT APCBHeM Hrphi, KopoTKHe 3apyKanbR

1 HMMTHpYJOII\eM cpa>KeHHe • floAeBOM T)'PHHp npoBOAMAH no TeM .>Ke npaBHAaM:

1 T. e. Tex coCTSI3aiJHH Me.>KAY ABYMH rrapTHepaMH, KOTOpi.Ie paHLllle H o6o3Ha'Ia.J\.H TepMHHOJ\1 «TypHHp)) (npUM. peg.).

qacTL IV. TypHHpLI

400

KOHHbie pbi~apH BCTynaAH B eAHII060pCTBO Ha pHCTaAH~e B AHHeiU-IOl\1 nop.SIAKe, pa3AeAHBIIIHCb Ha

OTP.HALI. OcnoBnoe oTAHl..JHe 3aKAIOt.IaeTc.SI B

AOcnexe,

npe-

TepneBrneM CHAbHoe H 3MeHeHHe c Tel..JeHHeM BpeMeHH. B 3TON TYlJHHpe pbi~ap H HOCHAH 06bll..JHbie 6oeBbie AOCfleXH C TOM pa3HH~eH, l..JTO Ha HHX npHBHHl..JHBaAI1Cb >K.eCTKHe

flOA60pOAHHK11,

AOXOA11Bl11He

Cl\IOTpOBOH II~eAH

1-Ia lllACMC.

KpoMe Toro, no >KeAaHHIO yqacTHHKa rypHHpa K AOcnexy KpenHAHCb AOHOAHHTeAbHbie 3illUHTHbie np11CllOC06AeHH.SI: ycHAeHHe HanAel..JH11Ka 11 llOA60pOAHHKi1, HAM

rap g- 6 p a

(cjJp.

garde-bras).

TypHHpHhll1

AOClleX

MO>KHO

OTAlll..J11Tb

TOMy, l..JTO y B e pXHeH KpOMK11 uarpyAH11Ka He 6LIAO ytOAll\eHH.SI 11 HNeJU1Cb

Puc. 612

2-3

Puc. 613

P11c. 612. HaKoHe"'IHHKH TYPHHpHhiX KonH:H. PHc. 613. MyiiAlliTYK c ..1\aTyHHLIMH peAhe¢HhiMH AHCKaMH oT TYPHHpHoro cHapHJKeHHSI. XV B. PHc. 614. KoHcKHH rAyxo:H Ha..l\o6HHK, 6e3 CMOTpOBbiX OTBepCTHH; C re}J60M ra6c6yproB . TipHHC\A)\eJKa..l\ HMIIepaTopy <DepAHHaHAY I. Pa6oTa ayrc6yprcKoro AocnelliHHKa .1\.opeH:qa Xe..l\hMlll ~fHAa . OK. 1510 r.

AJ\51

OTBepcTH}{

BHHTOB

AMI

KpenAeHH.H noA6opOAHHKa. Boopy)KeHHe BCilAIII1Ka

COCTO.HAO 113 TypHHpHOfO KOllb.SI, llOXO>K.efO Ha 6oeBOe, TOAbKO HeMHOfO KOpoqe 11 TOA~e. c

A,MI

612).

naKoHel..JHHKOM 6oAee YMHHeHHOH cpopMbi (pHc.

HeKOTOpbiX pa3HOBHAHOCTeM Typ1111pa HCll0Ab30BaAOCb KOHIIOe Cl-Iilp.SI-

>K.eHHe, npHMeiDiel\me Ha BOHHe. Ho .l\.5JAOCb OAJ1HaKOBOe H >K.eHHe.

0TAHl..JHe

cne~HaAbHO

3aKAIOl..JaAOCb B

AMI

yYpHHpoB IUTexeH 11 pem-IeH ynoTpe6-

npeAHa3Hal..JeHHOe cpopMaX CeAeA.

AMI

3TOf0 KOHHOe CI-Iap5I-

noBOAb.SI,

Cal\lble

npocTbie,

113fOTOBAeHHbie H3 CbipbiX neHbKOBbiX BepeBOK, 6LIJ\.11 o6rn11Tbi pa3AHl..JHoro poAa AeHTaMH

llOMO~biO

pac~BeTKH

OAHOM

pBaA11Cb YAHAa

(p11c.

613),

KOHCKOH

TO scaAHHK,

HaKJ1AKOM.

EcAH

KaK npaBHAo,

BpeM.SI

cxBaTKH

ynpaBA.SIA AOIIIilAbiO

KOllb.SI •

.1\.0lliaAb OT Ille11 AO XOAKH llOKpbiBaAaCL KO)KilHOH llOOOHOM, CBepxy HaCTIIAaAH llOAOTH.SIHYJO HaKJ1AKy,

3a Kpb1BillO~YJO

Kpyn,

H03ApeM:. Ha MOP/\Y J\.OlliaA11 HaAeBaAOI CTaAbHOM

meiO H

r A y x o ii

fOAOBy AOIIIil/\11 AO Jl

aA o 6 H u K

(HeM.

TypHHpHoe

401

ooopyJKeHHe

Blendstirne, pnc. 6 1 4) 6e3 CNOTpOBhlX OTBepcnri1. np11MeiieHI1e TaKoro HaAo6HHKil, 3aKpbiBalOII.l;ero rAa3a AOlllaAH, CAY>KHAO Mepo.i1. npeAOCTOpO>KHOCTH OT ee HenpeACKa3yeMoro noBeAel-11151 npH CTOAKIIOBCHHI1 ABYX BCilAHHKOB: HeO>KI1A£U-IllhiM llOA'beM Ha Abi6hi HAH BHe3anHblH CKatiOK B CTOpOI-I Y AeAaAH HeB03MO>IUihll\I TOliHOC nonilAaHHe KOnbeM B HaAJ\.e>Ka~YJO u;eAb. CaMoe paHJ-Iee

Puc. 615 PHc. 615. femTex (<BhiCOKHX ceAeA)). 11MrrepaTop MaKCHMHAHaH I rroeAHHKe c rpa¢o:r.~ 11oraHHOM ¢on BepAeH6eproM (He rroKa3an).

113o6pa>KeHI1e KOHCKOro HaA06HMKa 6e3 CMOTpOBhlX OTBepcTI1M Ham.eA r. AeMei1 1 B rep6oBoi1: netiaTH 11oaHHa I .J\.oTap11HrcKoro oKoAo 1 3 6 7 roAa • AaAee paccMoTp11M Tp11 ocHmiHhiX BI1Aa HeMeu;Koro TypHHpa THna remTex: «BhlCOKHX CeAeA», «06U\eHeMei.J;KI1M» 11 «3aKORaHHhlX B 6poHIO». 1

G. Demny. «Le costume au moyen-age d'apres le sceaux)). Pans, 1880 (npu.M. aBm.).

B- :GexaitM

l:lacTb IV. TypHHpbl

402 Phi~apb, y.~acTB}'IOII.J;I·H1 B

lwhen

Zeug),

r e lll me x e

6hiA OAeT B

«B bl

c e g e A»

co K u x

(HeM. Gestech

ruTex~oiir. Hor11 3all.\11ll.\CHhi AaTaMI1,

TJDKeAhiC H113K11e KO>KaJ-Ihie 6arnMaK11 c

o6yrhi

BOHAO~HhiM11 yroAI~eHH5lMH Ha Hocy 11

AOAbi>KKaX. TaK11e 6amMaKH pbi~ap11 HOCM.l\.11 11 B COCTJI3aHH5IX peHHeH, fAe He Hy>KHa 6bi.l\.a 3illl.\11Ta HOf. CaMbiM cyrn,ecTBCHHhiM OTA11~HeN CHap5I>KCH115I B 3TOM BHAC ITOCAHHKa 51B.J\5IeTC5I CCAJI.O C BhiCOKHM11 AYJ<.aMH, KOTopoe y>Ke ynor.niHaAOCb

orr11caH1111

rypHHpa

6yAaBax.

CHACHhe

TaKoro

ceAJI.a

HaXOA11TC.SI

3 Hil'-I11TeAbHO Bhirne, ~eM y Rcex ocTaAbHhiX ceAeA. AepeBJIHHhie nepeAH11e AYKH, o6ru11Thie

Kpa.SIM

>KeAe30N,

AOXOAHAH

rpyAH

3ilKpbiBaAH

o6e

HorH.

Puc. 617

PHc. 616. CeAAO AMI «06Il.{ener.wu;Koro» relllTexa. 6e3 3aAHei1 AYKH. Ha•I. XVI B. PHc. 617. KoHCKHH HarpyAIIHK AAH I<06u~eHeMeuKoron relllTexa. HaxoAHACH B 3aMKe Ar.~6pac ITOA 11Hc6pyKoM. 113 rapHHTypa HMITepaTopa tvfuKCHMlfAHaHa I. KoH . XV :n .

Puc. 616

npoqHhiH )KC.J\C3HbiH 1105IC l-Ia rrepeAH11X AYKaX OXBaThiBaA TYAOB111Il.C BCilAHI1Kil TilKHM o6pa30M, qTo ITOAHOCTblO HCKAJOqaA era 11ilAei-111e C AOlllaAH (p11c.

6 1 5).

Ha rrepeAHei1 AYKe HeKoTopbiX 113 3T11X ceAeA csepxy 11MeAHCh rropytinH AJ1.5I orrophi Ha cAy.~aii noTepH pctBHoBecHJI oT YAapa KOrrbeM. TaKHe ceAAa xpamiTCJI B repMaHCKOM My3ee HIOpH6epra, B KHJI)KCCKON My3ee roreHJ~OAAepoB B 3HrMapHHreHe H B .1\oHAOHCKOM Tay3pe . .1\ornaAh, o6AaqeHHa>J B KO>KilHYJO norroHy, TIOKpbiBaAilCb CBepxy pa3pHCOBai-IHOH HaKHAKOH, KOTOpaJI 3aKpbiBaAil HOfH BCfi.AHHKil H 3aKpenMAacb Ha rrepeAHeH AYKe ceAa. KoH~hi KO>KaHoH nonoHhi npHcTerHBa.l\.11Ch

peMIUIX

TilK>Ke

nepeAHei1

AYKe.

AotuaAH

6biA

HaAeT

CTa.l\.bHOH fAYXOH HilA06H11K, L(eAblO ITOCAI1HKil Ha BhiCOK11X CCAJI.ilX 5IBA51J\.0Ch CAO:t-IaTb C06CTBeHHOe KOITbe 0 l"Q,11T 11pOT11BH11Ka. naAei-me BCflAH11Ka C AOillilA11

11CKAIO~a.l\.O.Cb 6AafOAap5l lflopMe CCA.J\a.

TypHIIpHoe

soopy>KeHHe

403

B <<o6uJ.eHeMeU,KOM» remmexe (HeM. gemeindeutsche Gestech) scaAHHK OAeT B lllTeXL(OMf, HOfl1 He 3illl~Hll~CHbl 6poiieH. Y ..1\.0llliiAeH TO.J\.bKO XO.J\.Ka noKpbiTa KoJKaHoi1 nonoHoH. CeAJ\.O 6e3 3aAHei1 AYKH (puc. 616). CorAacuo peKoMeHAdL(HH HMnepaTopa MaKCHM.H.l\.IiaHa I, c L(e.l\.blO ..1\.yt-IllleH 3aJ~HThi .l\.Ollla1\H, ua rpy,l\b OAeBaAc.H csoeo6pa3HbiH HarpyAHHK riOAYlllKa 113 rpy6oro noAOTHa, n:a6HTa.H co.l\.oMoi1. KoHL\bi IIOAYIIIKH :JilT5Trnsa.l\.HCh peMH51Ml1 noA nepeAHeH qacTbiO ce10a (p11c. 61 7). Oosepx ..1\.0UiaAH Ha6paCblBil.J\.ilCb HdKJ1AKa, YKparneHHa5T pHcYHKnl\lH (pHc. 618). L\eAb pbiL(apeH: B ::>TOM noeAHHKe c6pocHTb npoTHBHHKa c .l\.OJllaAH YAaqHhlfvi yAapoM KOrtbJI o Tapq,

Pnc. 618 . Cuap5DKeHHe All.'ii «064\eHeMei.woro» renJTexa . 113 rapnHTypa nMnepc\Topa MaKCHMHli.Haua 1.

r e lll me X

«3

K 0

BaH H bl X

6p0

1-l 10»

(HeM. Gestech im Beinharmsc h)

OTAWiaAc5T oT ABYX npeAbii\ymHx TeN, qTo pbii.J,apb Ha pHcTaAnU.J,e Kpor-.te KHpachT H lll.l\.el\ta HOCH.l\. eU.J,e CTd.l\.bHLie IIOHOJKH, 3illUHU.J,aiOU.J,He HOfH OT yAapoB. 3AeCL TaK>K.e CYJ.l.\CCTBOBa.J\.11 pa3.l\..I-PlHbie BapHaHTbi KOHHOfO CIIapJI)KeHH.si: CKilKOHhle ceAJ\a c 3aAHHMH AYKilMH H.l\.H ceAJ\a, npHNeH.sieNbie na «o6IL(eHeMel\KOl\f» remTexe. A/uJ- no6eAbl B 3TOf\1 noeAHHKe He06XOAJ1MO .l\.H6o C.l\.OMaTb CBOC KODbe 0 Tppq npoTHBHHKd, Al160 Bblll1H6HTb npoTHBHHKa H3 CCAJ\a.

26*

tiacTL IV. TypHH,PLI

404

A,Mi

m aA

b R U CK 0

U H K

CTaporo TI-IIIa BCaAHHK HaAeBa.A HTa.Ah-

511-ICKHH AOCIIeX HAH HeNeiJ,KHH IDTeXIJ,Ollf. HorH MOf.J\11 6biTh 3aKpb1Tbl AaTaMH.

KOI-ICKOM

IIOIIOHbl

CHapR>KCHHH HCIIOAb30BaAHCh HaKHAKH

pHCYHKOM.

6oeBble

Ha fOAOBe

CeMa

AOillaAH

3~HeH CIIHHKOH,

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6biA

231).

rAyXoH Ha.A06HHK HAH tialll,e- CO CTaAhHOH CeTKOH Ha fAa3aX (eM. pHC.

J1Ta.l\b.SII-ICKHH noeAHHOK OTAHlla.AC5l OT OCTaAbHbiX TeM, l.JTO 6oi1 npOHCXOAHA tiepe3 AepeB5lHHhiH 6oKOM K

6 a p be p. DpoTHBHHKH CIIIH6aAHCh, 619), C l~eAbiO CAOMfl.Tb CBoe

6apbepy (pHC.

nosepuysmHcb AeBhiM co6CTBeHI-IOe KOIIbe 0

Tapti npoTHBHHKa.

Puc. 619

Puc. 619. «CTapblih> HTaJ\.hSIHCKHH noeAHHoK •1epe3 6apbep. 11MnepaTop MaKCHMH.J\.HaH I B cxl:laTKe c rpa¢ol\l 3nreAh6pexToM ¢oH Haccay.

«51 npeycneA B CBOHX KOIIHH ... » pa.JUI

14 7 8

3TOM IIOeAHHKe,

TOfAa .>Ke 5I

IIHIIIeT MaKCHMHAHaH

pacrn.eiiHA,

pa3AOMa.A MI-IOfO

3HrMYJIAY cpoH Dptolllei-IKY

qJeB-

roAa.

CAcAyeT

YIJOM5IHYfb

em;e

AOBOAbHO

CBoeo6pa3HOM

TypiiHpe,

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IIOJ\.b30Bai\CJI 6o.l\.blliOH IIoiiy.JUipHOCTblO B ABCTplUI 11 B BOCT01.JHOJ1 fepMaHJ111

15 50

OKOAO Ha5l Ec.J\11

Hrpa B

fOAa,

3TOM TilK Ha3biBaeMOM

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Be 1l rep C K 0

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XIII

BeKa

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y pH U p e

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cpeAI-IeBCKOBMI.

«DoKAoi-IeHHe AaMe»

oTMeLJei-Io

TypuHpuoe ooopyJKeHHe

405

AOBeAeHHOe AO rpaHH 6e3BKYCHQ,bl CTpeMAeHHe pbiQ,apeii CKpbiTb CBOe 1\.HQ,O IIOA IIIJ\.eMOM-MaCKOM B COOTBeTCTBHH C HTa.l\.b51HCKHMH TpaAHQ.H.SIMH, TO H AaAee TJirOTeHHe K TeaTpaAbHOCTH BOeHHbiX Hrp TaK.>Ke coxpaHJieTCJI. Ha Boopy.>KeHHe 3TH KoCTIOMHpoBaHHbie TYPHHPbi oKa3aAH MaAo BJ\.HJIHHJI. Ha BeHrepcKHX TYPHHpax, npoBeAeHHbiX 3pu;repu;oroM <DepAHHaHAoM THpo.l\.bCKHM B l..JexHH H Kyp£PIOpCTOM ABrycToM I B APe3AeHe oKoAo 15 50 roAa, npHMeH511\.HCb BMecTo HeMeQ,KHX TaptieM BeHrepCKHe, a TaK.>Ke BeHrepcKHe ca6AH, CAY.>KHBIIIHe TOAbKO YKPaiiieHHeM, H Aa.>Ke B e H rep c K u e rn n o p bl, qpe3Bbitiai1Ho rpoM03AKHe H T5DKeAbie (pHc. 620). ECJ\.H B noeAHHKax npHHHMaAH yqacme li.l\.eHbi caMbiX 3HaTHbiX ~op51HCKHX ceMeii, To yqacTHHKH TYPHHpos He AOIJYCKaAH HHKaKHX cyrn.ecTBeHHbiX H3MeHeHHi1 B npaBifJ\ax cTapHHHoro KOAeKca. OpH 6oAee II03AHeM BHAe peHHeHa Bee Bbir.J\.51AeAo coBceM no-ApyroMY. AMI -yBeAHtieHHJI 3peAH!Wforo 3£P£PeKTa H B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT BKyca H HaCTpoeHHJI yqaCTHHKH TypHHpa CTpeMHJ\.HCb H3MeHHTb CHapJI.>KeHHe H npaBHJ\.a noeAHHKa. OpH pa3HbiX KopoAeBcKHX ABOpax cy~ecTBOBaAo TaKoe KOJ\.}fqeCTBO BapHaHTOB npoBeAeHHJI TYPHHpoB, liTO IIOAHOe HX nepetiHCAeHHe 3aMMeT OlieHb MHoro BpeMeHH H He BHeCeT KaKOM-J\.H6o JICHOCTH B 3TOT Bonpoc. Oo3TOMY Mhl orpaHHliHMC51 OIIHCaHHeM CHap51.>KeHH51 H pa3HOBHAHOCTH peHHeHa, KOTOpbie COAep.>KaTCJI B AyqrneH: KHHre o TYPHHpax Toro BpeMeHH «<DpeiiAaAh». CoPuc. 620 rAacHo aBTopHTeTHOMY KOAeKcy HeMeu;Koro TYPHHpHoro HcKyccTPHc. 620. llirropa AAH BeHrepcKoro TYPHHpa. Ba, AaTHpoBaHHOMY npH6AH3HCep. XVI B. TeAbHO 1 4 8 0 roAoM, TYPHHp THna peHHeH IIOApa3Ae.l\.51eTcJI Ha CAeAYIO~e OTAe.l\.bHbie BHAbi: «MeXaH:HlieCKHlh> peHHeH; <<TOlillhiM» peHHeH; 6YHApeHHeH; «.>KeCTKHH» peHHeH; «CMeiiiaHHbiM» peHHeH HJ\.H peHHeH C KopoHtiaTbiM KOIIbeM; «IIOAeBOH» peHHeH.

I. «MEXAHH'IECKHH» PEHHEH (ReM. Geschiftrennen)

BcaAHHK OAeT B peHHu;oi1r, IIOA AOcnexoM -

TOACTaJI BaTHaJI KypTKa

B aM c c PYKaBaMH-6y£PaMH Ha ynpyroii IIOAK.i\aAKe, 3aMeH5IIO~MH HapyqH. HorH 3atiaCT}'IO He HMeiOT IIOHO.>KeH. 3a~HTOM 6eApa cAy.>KaT pe6pHCTbie H a6 e g e pH bl e ~ u m K u (HeM. Streiftartschen, pH c. 6 2 1) Hl\11 g u A b JK e (pH c.

6 2 2) Ha peMIDIX, nepeKHJIYThiX HJ\.H npoAepHyrhiX qepe3 ceMo. A e r K u e p e H R e H c egA a fum. silla rasa) He HMeiOT nepeAfillx H 3aAHHX AYK (pHc. 623) . .1\..oiiiaAb IIOKpbiTa KO.>KaHOM IIOIIOHOM, roAoBa 3a~~eHa rAyxHM HaAo6HHKOM. B STOM BHAe noeAHHKOB 6biAo ABe pa3HOBHAHOCTH.

qacTb IV. TypHHpLI

406

1. «MEXAHHqECKHH» PEHHEH C TAPqEM {(HeM. Geschifttartschenrennen) np:H

3TOM ' B:HAe

T)'PH:Hpa

YAal:IHhll1

YAap

Tapqy npoT:HBH:HKa

ll03BOJ\~1A

OTOpBaTb ero OT K:HpaCbl BMeCTC CO MHO>KeCTBOM MeTaAA:Hl:JeCK:HX Kpene>KHbiX AeTaAeM l1 Bbi6pOC:HTb Tapq 3a fOAOBY BCaAH:HKa BbiCOKO B B03AYX. 3TOT 3 <}l<}leKT 6biA Bbi3BaH npy>K:HHHbll\1 MeXaH:H3MOM, ycTaHOBAeHHbiM no ~eHTpy HarpyAH:HKa K:HpaCbl

coeA:HHeHHbiM

TapqeM

Puc. 621

nocpeACTBOM

IIJTblp5I.

lllTblpb

npoXOAJ1A

Puc. 622

PHc. 621. Ha6eApeHHhiH Il.(IITOK, AMI 3all(HThi 6eApa oT YAapa o Gapbep. KoH. XVI B. PHc. 622. AHll..h>Ke A~NA npaBo:H Hor:u. KoH . XV B.

Puc. 623

PHc. 623 . .1\erKoe ceAJI..O Afl..5l TYPHHpa peHHeH . KoH. XV B. qepe3 OTBepCT:He B Tapqe l1 3aKA:HH:HBaAC.H CHapy>KM MeTaAA:Hl:JeCKOM rnai16oi1.

Me~y TapqeM :H rrpy>KMHHhiM MexaH:H3MOM 3a>KaTLI KOH~eHTp:HqecK:He KAMHh.H TaK:HM

o6pa3oM,

l:JTO

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CBOMM AaBAeH:HeM

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npy>KuHy

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pe3yAhTaTe

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yAapa

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Tapq

npy>KHHa

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C>K:HMaAaCb, KA11Hb5I OCB060~aA11 Tapq, a ABa pbil:Jara BbiTaAKHBaAH ero BbiCOKO BBepx, Tp11 Apyr:HX, MaAbiX, pbNa>KKa OCB060>KAaAH KA:HHb.H 113 CBoero rHe3Aa, H oHM noA Aei1cTB:HeM CMAhi npy>KHHhi pa3AeTaAI1Ch B pa3Hbie cTopoHbi. Pacl:JeT 6biA Ha TO, l:JT06bi ITO B03MOJKHOCTl1 ycHAHTb 3peAHI.l(HhiH 3 <}l<}leKT _BhiCTYITAeHJ1JI. EAHHCTBeHHoe coxpaHHBrneec.H H3o6pa>KeHHe TaKoro MexaHH3Ma HaXOAJ1TC.H B U.J\J\lOCTp11pOBa.HHOM KOAeKce, AaT:HpoBaHHON IIp:HMepHO ApNep:H5I PeaAh B MUApJ1Ae.

15 4 4

fOAOM, B My3ee

TypHHpHoe

uoopy.>KeHHe

407

2. «MEXAHM'IECKJIM,, PEHHEH C HAfPYAHOM MMIIIEHbiO (HeM. Gesclriftscheibenrennen) TexHHKa

npoBeAeHH5I

3Toro

BHAa

TypHHpa

m-mAorwn-m

npeALIAyn\el"IY,

npy>KI1HHLIH l\texaHI13M 6LI.i\ 6oAee npocToi1 KOHCTPYK~I111. H a 3TOT M exai-IM3 l\t, 3aKpenAeHI-IhiM Ha rpyAH K11paChi, HqKJ\ilAhiBa.i\aCh 6oJ\bUia5I MeTaJ\.i\HqecKa5I l1J\ilCTI1Ha,

3aKpbiBaBUia5I BCIO rpyAh BCUAHHKa. 3Ta MHUieHh 3a>KHMa.i\aCb KOHHqe-

CKHl\111

lllTHcpTaMI1.

Op11

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nonaAaHI1H

KODL5I

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npy>KI1HHhiH

MeXuHI13M cpa6aTbiBa.i\, OHa OCTaBa.i\aCb BHCeTh Ha rpyAH, il KJ\HHb5I, KOHHqecKHe lllT11cpTbl,

npHBOAHMbie

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pa3.i\eTil.i\11Ch B pa3Bble

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npy)KI1HHbll\l

MeXaJ-1113MOM

CTa.i\hHbiM AHCKOM 11MeJ\C5I B KOpoAeBCKOM My3eMHoli KoJ\.i\eKD;I1H B BeHe, no 6biJ\, K co)Ka.i\eHmo, YTPaqeH. Oo3ToMy 3AeCL (p11c. B

np11BeAeH o6o11x

peHHeHa 30M

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ero

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6 2 4). BHAaX

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·s AeifcTBI1e. B

«MexaHI1qecKoro»

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f.i\aBHbiM

npy>KI1HHbiH

TOp>KeCTBeHHOM onl1ca-

HHH no6eALI MaKCHMH.i\HaHa .i\Och:

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oTNeqa-

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11X

Puc. f>24

o6AOMKI1 BhiCOKO B3l\lhiBa.i\11 B B03AYX». EcAH B TaKOM TypHHpe BCaAHI1K, noAy-

PHc. 624. KapKuc uarpyAIHiKa AMI

qi1B NOII\HhiH yAap, ne Mor yAep)KaTbC5I

ITOeAHliKil «Me XUI-I l'PieCKHH)) p e HIIeH .

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ceAJ\e,

«BLIC11AeTL»

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II. «TO'IHblll,, PEHHEH {HeM. Scharf-

Wlll

Schweifrennen)

BcUAH11K, o6AaqeHHhiH B peHI-ru;oM:r, peAKO 11.i\H B 11CK.i\IoqHTeAhHhiX cAyqa5Ix HaAeBa.i\ Hapyq11 11 noHO>KI1. Ha AOUiaAL HaAeBa.i\H rAyxoi1 cTil.i\hHOH HaAo6H11K. Csepxy KO>KaHOH IIODOHbl .i\OlllaAh noKpbiBa.i\acb 6o.i\blliOH TKilHOH HilKHAKOH. B

3TOM BJ1Ae KOHHoro noeAHHKa, Tpe6osaBUiero noAHoro pa3roHa .i\OliiUAI1 11

COCT05II.IJ;ero 113 HeCKOAbKI1X 3ae3AOB-aTaK,

phm;apb AOA>KeH 6hiJ\ Bbi611Th 1130-

ffiYTbiH Tapq npoTI1BHI1Ka 113 YAep)K11BaiOID,HX ero KpiOKOB, 3aKpenAeHHLIX Ha K11pace. Ooc.i\e 3TOfO npOTI1BHI1K cqi1Ta.i\C5I no6e>KAeHHhiM 11 CHI1Ma.i\C5I C TypH11pa (p11C.

625).

qacTL IV. TypHHpLI

408

Puc. 625 PHc. 625. CHap.snKeHHe MH «TO"IIHorm, peHHeHa. 3HrMyHA ¢oH BeA~:.crrepr Ha rypHHpe B 11Hc6pyKe B 1497 r. BO BpeMH KaTOAH"IIecKoro rrpa3AHHKa « EeAoe BOCKpeceHI:.e,, (BocKpeceHI:.e rroCAe TiacxH). 113 rypHHpHoH KHHrH raHca EyprKMaH:pa MAaAIIIero. OK. 1554 r. KHHJKeCKHH My3eH roreH~OAAepHOB B 3HrMapHHreHe.

III. BYHAPEHHEH (ReM. Bundrennen) OpM 3TOM BJiAe TYIJHMpa, caMoM onacHoM, pe~o:Hr ocHaii(aAC.SI cneu;Jm.AbHbiM HarpyAHMKOM -

6 y R g,

Ha HeM 6bl.l\. ycTaHOB.l\.eH ClleQHa.AbHhiH MeXaHM3M,

KoTopbiH npM YAaqHoM non£lAaHMI1: KonbeM «BbiCTpeAMBaA» YKPenAeHHbiH Ha HeM Tapq, C.l\.OBHO M3 npamu, BbiCOKO HilA roAoBo:H:. OpH 3TOM oH eme pa3AeTaAC.SI 1 Ha MHO:>KeCTBO CerMeHTOB • 0oCKO.l\.bKY llpM TBKOM TYIJHMpe BCBAHJiK He MMe.l\. llOA TapqeM llOA60pONfMKB, Te.l\.bHB.SI

OllBCHOCTb.

Opn

TO npM Ma.l\.eHmeH HeTOqHOCTH B03HI1Ka.l\.B CMep-

pe3KOM

cpa6aTbiBBHI111

npy:>KMHbl

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OTCKBKMBa.l\. OT KHpaCbl M CKO.l\.b3M.l\. CBOeH BepxHeH qacTbiO no

ABYM

Tapqa

HanpaB-

.l\..SilOII(MM, npoXOASJ:J.W1M oT rpyAJ1 AOCnexa AO TYPHHpHoro CaA£lAa.

AMTepaTYIJHOM naM.siTHMKe «KopoAb-ll03T» 3anMCBHbi CAeAYJOII(Me cTpoqKM:

«0H (MaKCMMM.l\.MaH) Ha

rypHHpe 1

MHOro pa3 TBK:>Ke BbiCTYlla.l\. B 6YHA-KMpace B

EYHApeHHeH.

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cmH6Ke

B3AeTa.J\H BbiCOKo

CXBBTKaX

BBepx II(HTbi,

MoJKeT 6hlTb, OT 3Toro H IIO.siBHACH TepMHH ((Bund)) - OT ReM. CBH3Ka, IIy<IOK, KOTOphlH pa3BaAHBaeTCH B pa3Hhle CTOpOHhl IIOCAe TOro, KaK ero pa3BH3aTb (npUM. peg.).

TypHHpuoe

BoopyJKeHHe

409

BeCe.J\.0 6biJ\.O Ha 31'0 CMOTpeTbl OAHaKO AOCTaB.J\.ill\0 6eCITOKOHCTBO 11 03a6o"LJeH-

HOCTb».

MexaHI13Ma

BeHCKOH

KopoAeBCKOH KOJ\.J\.eKIJ;I111

xpaHI1TC.H

HeiTOJ\.HbiH KOMITJ\.eKT

AMI 3Toro TYPH11pa.

IV. «)f(ECfKHH» PEHHEH (HeM. AllZogenrennen) Ha p11CTaAHn~e roToBbiH K TYPHHpy phiu;apb no.HBJ\..HJ\.C.H B peHHu;o:Hrel Ho 6e3 Hapy-qe:HI Tap"ll np11B11H"llHBaAC.H OAH11M I1J\.I1 ABYM.H BHHTaMI1 K

HarpyAHHKy. H a

nonoey AOUiaAH Ha6pacbiBaAacb HaK.HAKal Ha MOPAY HaAeBa.J\.11 rAyxo:H CTa.J\.bHOH HaAo6HI1K.

3TOM BHAe peHHeHa Heo6XOA.HMO 6bi.J\.O CJ\.OMaTb csoe Konbe

Tap-q npOT11BHI1Ka 11 TeM CaMbiM CH.HTb ero C Aa.J\.bHeHrnero COCT.H3aH.H.H

(p11c.

626).

V. (cCMEillAHHbiH» PEHHEH (HeM. Kronlrennen) 3TOT BHA noeAHHKal KaK sap11aHT npeAbJAYJIJ;erol 6bi.J\. pa3pa6oTaH cneu;11a.J\.bHo

M5J.

pa3BJ\.e"LJeHH.H ny6AI1KI11 np11cyrcTBYJOiu;ei1: Ha Tp116YHaX. Ha p11CTa.J\.11Il\e

B CXBaTKe BCTpe"lla.J\.11Cb ABa pbiiJ;ap.H. 0AHH 6bi.J\. o6J\.a"lleH B UITexu;o:Mr H Boopy:>KeH KOITbeM C KOpOH"lJaTbiM HaKOHe"lJHHKOM. A,pyroH pbiiJ;apb 6bi.J\. OAeT B AOCITeX peHHu;o:Hr 11 soopy:>KeH KonbeM c npocThiM HaKoHe"lJHI1KOM. KoHHoe cHap.H:>KeHI1e COOTBeTCTBOBa.J\.0 Ka:>KAOMY TI1ITY AOCnexa.

06a pbiiJ;ap.H CTpeMHJ\.11Cb CJ\.OMaTb

CBOe KOTibe 11 Bbiiii.H611Tb npoTI1BH.HKa 113 CeAJ!..a.

VI. «llOAEBOH» PEHHEH (HeM. Feldrennen) 8CaAH:HK Ha p11CTa.J\..HIIJ;e ITO.HBJ\..HJ\.C.H B peHHIJ;OHrel B Hapy-qax 11 ITOHO:>KaX (KaK Ha noAe cpa:>KeH11.H). Ha AOiliaAei1 HaAeBa.J\.11 ceAJ!..a 6e3 3ClAHI1X AYK~ Ko:>KaHbie nonoHbi

11 HHOrAa

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6 27

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u;eAh TJ'PH11pa

cAoMaTb

npHBeAeHo 113o6pa:>KeH.He rnnopl np11MeH.HeMbiX B 3TI1X

TYPHHpax. Cyii.J;eCTBOBa.J\..11 .11 APyrHe pa3HOBHAHOCTI1 TYJJH.Hpos.

llOAEBOH TYPHHP (HeM. Feldtumier) OpoTHBH11KH AeJ\.11J\.11cb Ha ABe rpynnhi B J\.11Hei1HoM nop.HAKe 11 BhiCTynaAH APyr npoTHB Apyra I HMHTHPY.H HaCTO.HIIJ;YJO KOHHYJO aTaKyl KaK Ha noAe 6paHI1.

A,MJ.

3TOfO KaJKAbiH pbiiJ;apb ITO.siBMIJ\.C.si B 6oeBOM AOCrrexe 1-Ia KOHel 3aKoBaHHOM

B 6poHID 1 c o6biKHOBeHHbiM KOnbeM B PYKe. T)'PH11pa

npecAeAOBa.J\.11 B

6o.J\.billi1HCTBe CAy-qaes y-qacTHHKH

cxsaTKe J\.Hillh OAHY u;eAb -

«npeAoMHTh KOITbe» I

no3TOMY oHM no.HBJ\..HJ\.11Ch 6e3 Me"LJei1:. OAHaKo 11HOrAa npasHJ\.a 6bi.J\.H cAo:>KHee l

qacTh IV. Typunphi

410

11 TIOC.J\.e TOfO, KilK B CXBilTKe 1\.0Mil.J\.lfCL KOTib5I, aTaKy c

TYTihil\111 NetiaMH.

EasapcKHM BHAbl'eAbMOM

GABON

pLII~up11

llilCTO nepeXOAH.J\.11 B

noAeBON rypi-mpe,

B KHI1re o

on11caHHOl\l

rep~oroi\J

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Puc. 626

PHc. 626. Cnap5DKeHHe AMI <OKecTKoro>> peHHeHa. fep[\or 13HAbreAr.M IV fiaBapcKHH na rypnHpe 1512 r., B cpeAy nocAe AHH Cn. nanAa. l13 TYPHHpHoii KIIHrH rep(\ora BHAhreAI.'Ma IV EaBapcKoro. crse

cAyqaes He

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6ow OT n5JTI1 AO wecTH KOIII1H.

0pH 3TOM npOBOAHAC5I C'fporHH KOHTpOJ\b ::m TeM, l.JT06bi IHIKTO H3 yqaCTHI1KOB TJ'PH11pa He HaHOCI1A YAilPLI KOIILeM npoTI1BHI1KY HI1:>Ke noJica. OepeA uaiiaAOI"vt TJ'PH11pOB TypH11p,

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TIOAI'OTOBKY

Typ&Hp&oe

BoopyJKe&He

411

CHapRJKeiDUI K nocAeAyrom;eMY BblXOAY MJ1 KOHHblX COCTR3aHMH. no OKOlfllaHHH nemero TYPHHpa oqHm;aAacb TIAOII1;aAb pHCTaAHm;a, u TOAhKo TOrAa HaqHHaAHCh HaCTORm;He KOHHbie phru;apcKHe Hrphi. K cepeAHHe XVI BeKa, xoTR H naxoAHAHCh CHAbHbie H AOBKHe pbiiJ;apH, KOTOpbie AI06HAH yqacTBOBaTb B TYPHHpax lliTeXeH H peHHeH B COOTBeTCTBYJOII1;HX AOCnexax H paccMaTPHBaAH 3TO KaK eAUHCTBenno AOCTOHHoe pbiiJ;apcKoe 3aHRTue, cTapoe TYPHHpHoe cHapRJKeHHe BCe JKe nocTeneHHO CTaAO BbiXOAHTb H3 ynoTpe6AeHIDI. l1TaAb.SIHCKoe BAH.SIHHe, ycHAHsarom;eec.SI B 3noxy PeHeccaHca, oTpa3HAOCh TaKJKe. H Ha TYPHHpHoM HcKyccTBe. l1TaAb.SIHIJ;hl AaBHo 6biAH He6AarocKAOHHhi K rpoM03AJ<.HM lJ>opMaM cHapRJKeHIDI HeMeu;Koro TYPHHpa H Heoxorno cAeAOBaAH 3TOH pbiu;apCKOH MOAe. no3TOMY HeMeiJ;KHH TYPHHp BbiTeCH.SIAC.SI " 3aMeH.SIAC.SI ucKAIOqHTeAbHO TYPHHpaMH no HTaAb.SIHCKHM npasHAaM. TaK, B cepeAHHe XVI seKa noAyqHAH pacnpoCTpaHeHMe, co6cTBeHHO rosopR, AHIIIb Af3a BHAa TYPHHpos: cso6oAHhiH TYPHHp, Ha3biBaeMhiH TaKJKe «CB060AHhiH» peHHeH (HeM. Freirennen), H noeAHHOK qepe3 6epbep, pa3AeA.SIIOm;u:H llpOTHBHMKOB. /).,MJ. cBo6ogHoro my pH u p a (HeM. Freiturnier) a} BCerAa ~CnOAh30BaAC.SI 06blqHbiH 6oeso:H AOCnex c HeKoTOpbiMH AOnOAHHTeAb~H 3aii1;HTHbiMH 3AeMeHTaMH. /).,MJ. noeguHKa ll.epe3 6 a p be p (HeM. Gestech tiber das Dill), KaK yJKe ynoMHHaAOCh, BHaqaAe npHMeHRAH AOcneXH mTexu;o:Hr, KoTopbie Puc. 627 nocTeneHHO 3aMeHRAHCb 06Aert~eHHbiMH AOCnexaMH, npHPuc. 627. TypHHpHLie wnopLI AJ\51 AOcnexoB 6AHJKa10m;HMHC.SI no lJ>opMe K WTe~o:Hr H peHHD;OHr. 6oeBbiM. npu6AH3HTeAbHO K a) AJt,.uao:H 21 CM. 15 50 roAy AOCnex MJ1 3Toro b) MuHOH 17 CM. «Hosoro» noeAUHKa qepe3 6apbep OTAUqaAC.SI OT 6oesoro AOCnexa TeM, ~0 HarpyAHHK He HMeA OT6opTOBKH HaBepxy y meH H K HeMY npHBHlfliHBaAC.SI HOBblH mAeM, CBOeH lJ>opMOH AHmh CAerKa HanoMHHasmu:H «JKa6biO roAosy>>. On 6biA 6oAhme noxoJK Ha o6~biH apMeT. OAHaKo cTapaHIDIMH HeMeu;KHx MacTepos-opYJK.e:HHMKos, cna6AlffilliHX 3TOT AOCnex T.SIJKeAbiMH 3aii1;HTHbiMH npHCnOC06AeHIDIMH, OH 6biA npeBpam;eH B rpOM03AJ{YJO HeyKAJOJKyto ropy MeTaM.a, KOTOprul OKa3aAaCb 6oAee T.SIJKeAo:H, qeM caMbm MaccHBHhiH mTexu;o:Hr. Bee 3Toro nosoro AOcnexa npuXOAHJ\.C.SI 60AbllieH qacTbiO Ha 'fYAOBHm;e BCilAfillKa (pH C. 6 2 8) H He nepeHOCHAC.SI Ha Koprryc AOlliaAH, KaK y mTexu;o:Hra.

IJacTJo IV. TypHBpld

412

ABo:HHo:H AeBbiH HanAeqHHK 3filW'III\aA sepXHIOJO qacTb pYJ<.H, nAeqo, qacTb rpyAH H Aesyro cTopoey lli.J\.eMa H npeAcTaBJUIJ\. co6o:H rpoM03AKOe npwcnoco6AeHHe. KpoMe Toro, APyro:H, He MeHee rpoM03AKOH AeTa.J\.bJO 6biAa JKecTK.rui KOHC'rpYJ<.l1;1ffi 3afi\IITbl Aeso:H pYJ<.H. 0Ha coeAIDffiJ\.acb c nepqaTK.o:H, AOXOAHJ\.a AO J\.esoro J\.OKT.H H 3aKawrnBa.J\.fiCb IIIHpOKHM 6o.J\.biiiHM pacTpy60M (pHC. 6 2 9). HeMei.\KHe 3HaTHble ABOp.HHe, 3pHTeAH H yqacTHHKH HTa.J\.b.HHCKHX TYPHHpos nocTeneHHO oTK.a3biBaAHCb oT T.HJKeAoro HeMei.\Koro cHap.HJKeHIDI H see qall\e HCITOJ\.b30Ba.J\.H o6~1e 6oeBble AOCITeXH, OCHfill\eHHble pa3.J\HlffibiMH 3fill\HTHbiMH llpHCITOC06J\.eHiffiMH, KOTOpbie HfiXOAHJ\.H IIIHpOKOe npHMeHeHHe YJKe B J1Ta-

Puc. 628 Puc. 628. CaapsnKeHHe AMI ((fiOBoro» HTaALHHCKoro noeAHHKa 'Iepe3 6apbep: 3aaTHbiH pbln;apb AHApeac BeAb..:Sep aa CB(!Ae6aoM TYPHHpe B Ayrc6ypre 9 HHBapH 1553 r. 113 TYJlHHpHo:R KHHrH rauca EyprKMa:Rpa MA(!Amero. OK. 1554 r.

3TH AOCITeXH, npeAHa3HaqeHHble H MJJ. CB060AHOro rypHHpa, H MJJ. noe1 AHJiKfi qepe3 6apbep, ITOJ\.yqHAH IIIHpOKOe pacnpOCTpaHeHHe B fepMCiHHH , J<aK npasHAo, OHH BbiT.MJAeAH CAeAYJOII\HM o6pa3oM (pHc. 630). Ha roAose OAeT 6ypryHACKHH lli.J\.eM apMeT, HHOrAa c AesocTopoHHHM ycHAeHHeM 3a6paAa. K J\.eBOMY nAeqy npHBHHqeH TaK Hfi3b1BaeMbiH CTa.J\.bHOH HeMeiJ;KHH Ul me X- m a p ll (ReM. Stechtartsche), AOXOAlfBIIIHH AO cepeAHHbl rpyAJf H Bhii'HY'fbiH HeMHoro

1\.HH,

1 HoByiO «t>opMy Aocnexa ynoMSIHY.I\ :Aopr 3o:R3earo«t>ep, Macrep-AocnemHHK npH ABOpe epAHHaHAa I B Hac6pyKe npH paC'leTe 3a H3rOToB.I\eHHe TaKoro AOcnexa no 3aKa3y THpOAbcKoro 3pn;repn;ora epAHHaHAa B 1 54 7 r. (npUM. aBm.).

Typnupnoe BoopyJKenue

413

CHH3y. 3TOT 6oeBOH IIJ\.aiii, C.AYJKHA u;eAbiO AMI KOITMI H 6hi.J\. AQITOJ\.HHTeAbHO yx.peiiJ\.eH TOJ\.CTOH poM6oB1fAHOH pemeTKoH H3 CTaAbHhiX CTPeJKHe:H. TaKrui KOHCTPYKI.\IDI AOAJKHa 6bi.J\.a npeiDITCTBoBaTh CKOAbJKeHHIO KopowmToro HaKoHeqHHKa KOITh~ no ero nosepxHoCTH (pHC. 631). Em.e OAHHM 3.1\.eMeHToM 3aiii,HTHoro cHap~ JKeHIDI C.AYJKHAH HapyqH rapA-6pa H ITOABHJKHble na6eAPeHHHKH. /J.,MJ.. 3aiii,HThi oT yAapos o 6apbep HorH 6bi.J\.H o6yri>I B HenosopoTJ\.HBhie H T~JKeAble JKe.Ae3Hhie 6amMaKH, OAeTbie Ha o6hNH)'IO o6ysh (pHc. 6 3 2). B u;eAoM Aocnex rrpoH3BoAHA srreqaTJ\.eHHe o6J\.erqeHHOH KOHCTPYKI..\HH· Bo BTopo:H IIOJ\.OBHHe XVI BeKa, rrpeHMYm.ecTsenno rrpH ABopax caKcoHcKoH 3HaTH, IIO~BHAC~ CBoeo6pa3HbiH BHA T}'PHHpHhiX AOCIIeXOB, KOTOpble rrpeACTaB~IOT C060H HeKOTOpbiH CMeillaHHhiH BapHaHT, o6'beAHHHBIDHH B ce6e ABa THIIa AOCIIeXOB mTe~oHr H peHHu;o:Hr. KaK AOIIo.AHeHHe K ocHoBHoH <PopMe Aocrrexa, rrpeAHa3HaqeHHoro AMI noeAHHKa qepe3 6apbep, C.AeAyeT ornecm OIDITb-TaKH my pH Up H bl U C a A a g, KOTOpbiH KpeiiHAC~ K CITHHe AOCIIexa C ITOMOIII,hiO crreu;Ha.AbHoro KpoHIDTeiiHa, rrpeiDITCTBYJOIII,ero c6pachiBaHHIO ero c roAoBhi B pe3y.J\.hTaTe YAapa KOIIbeM rrpoTHBHHKa. noA06Hbie AOcrreXH, KOTOpbie B 60J\.hillOM KOJ\.HqeCTBe MOJKHo HaiiTH B HeKoTophlx MY3e~x cesepHOH fepMaHHH H B AJ>e3AeHe, o6~3aHhi csoHM IIOHBJ\.eHHeM H3o6peTaTe.J\.hHOCTH MaCTepa opYJKeHHoro Ae.Aa rrpH ABOpe Kyp<PIOpcTa AsrycTa I. HeKoTopoe spe~ oHH 6bi.J\.H, rroBHAJfMOMY, oqeHh rrorry~pHhi. /J.,MJ.. 6oAee qeTKoro OTJ\.Hq~ oT APyrHX THIIOB AOCnexos HX Ha3biBaiOT caKCOHCKU e mypH UpHble gocnexu (pHc. 633, 634, 635). 0HH 6bi.J\.H rrpeAHa3HaqeHhi AMI cso6oAHoro rypHHpa, T. K. H3BeCTHO, ~0, KOrAa K 15 90 roAy caKCOHCKHH AOCIIeX BhlilleJ\. H3 MOAbl, .B Puc. 629 rroC.AeAYJOIII.He Aec~e~ rrpaKTHKoBa.AHCh em.e cxsaTKH AByx OTP~OB, socco3AaiOIII,He Puc. 629. lloAHpOBaHHLIH KapTHey cpaJKeH~. Aocnex MJI ((HoBoro» . 113 J1Ta.AHH B fepMaHHIO IIpHIIIJ\.a TOrAa HTa.AbSIHCKoro noeAHHKd Tiepe3 6apbep. llpHHdAAeJKaA JK.e APyrrui phlu;apcKrui Hrpa, HanoMHHaiOIII,illl KapAy lllyp«t>y «t>oH llleHsepry IIOApa6hiT}'IO CTapHHH)'IO Hrpy CCC K a 1l K U (YM· oK. 1628). HHc6pyK, 3 a K o A b q oM)) ( um. corso all' annello). OH OK. 1580 r.

414

'IaCTr. IV. TypHHpld

Bhii'.MJAeA CAeAyw~HM o6pa3oM: pa3p.HJK.eHHhle B Q>rurracTHt~ecKHe OAeJK.Abi BCilAHHKH CTapaiOTC.SI IIpOH3HTb MHiffibiMH KOIIb.SIMH BhiCOKO IIOABemeHHoe Ha rrmypax KOAb~o (pHc. 6 3 6). B APe3AeHCKOH KOHIOmHe B HacTO.Hil\ee speM.SI MoJK.Ho e~e ysHAeTh H3.Hil\Hble 6poH30Bhle cToA6bi, MeJKAy KOTopbiMH B AaBHHe BpeMeHa Ha rrmypax IIOABeiDHBaJiliCb KOAb~a. npH6.hM3HTe.J\.bHO B 1 7 7 0 roAy

flue. (1:1 1

Puc. 630

PH c. 630. BoeBo:H Aocnex, OCHdl..l.\eHHbiH MJ1 'fYPHHpa. YKpaillea ~eKaaKo:H, TJldBAeHJ:.IMH H 30..1\.0~eHJ:.IMH yKpaiiieHHSIMH. flpHHdA.J\.eJKdA HMnepaTopy KapAy V B IOHOCTH. Pa60Ta opYJKeHHHKa KoAoMaHa XeAbMIIIMHAa, Ayrc6ypr, 1516 r. My3e:H ApMepHSI PeaAb B MdAPHAe. Puc. 631. Tap~ AASI rypaHpoB B 6oeBJ:.IX Aocnexax; noBepXHOCTb yKpameaa TpaBAeHJ:.IM c ~epHeHHeM pHCyHKOM B KAeTKax BJ:.ICTYllaiOIIJ;eH poM6H~ecKoH peiiieTKH. fepMaHHSI. OK. 1550 r.

3TO phl~apcKoe COCT.SI3aHHe TaKJK.e rrepecTa.J\.0 c~eCTBOBaTb, H CTapHHHbiH KOHHhiH TeaTpaAH3oBaHF.UnH TYPHHp cpeAHeBeKOBh.SI 3aBepmH.J\. csoe c~eCTBO BaHHe. '4To6hl HCK.J\.IO'IHTh OliiH6otrnoe rrpeACTaBAeHHe o TYPHHpax, B 3aKJ\IOqeHHe CTOHT YJIOM.SJHYTb 0 TaK Ha3hiBaeMOH K B U H m a He (HeM. Quintana, cjJp. guintaine, a.Hr.ll. guintain), qTo o3HaqaeT «cToA6 c MHIIIeHbiO AMI yAapa KOIIheM». 3To He Q>opMa TYPHHpa B HameM IIOHHMaHHH, a AHIIIb TpeHHpOBKa AMI yJaCTH.SI B AaAbHeHlliHx TYPHHpax reniTex HAH peHHeH. A/'JI Hero He Tpe6oBa.AOCh crre-

TypHupHoe Boopy.)l(eHue

415

~HaAbHoro soopyJK.eHIDI. TpeHHposoqHoe yrrpaJK.HeHHe 3aKMOqa.J\.Ocb B TOM, qTo6bl pbll\dpb C-yMeA nonacTb KOnbeM TOqHo B 1..\eHTp mHTa-MHIIIeHH Ha rpyAH MaHeKeHa, KOTOpbiH KpeiiHAC.H K CTOA6y H MOr BpamaTbC.H BOKpyr Hero. Ha BhiT.HJIYTOH npaso:H PYKe KYJ<Abi BHceA noAOTIDIHhiH MeiiiOK, HanoAHeHHbiH necKoM. ECAH pbi4apiO, cKaqymeMY raAonoM no Aesyw cTopoey oT MaHeKeHa, yAaBaAocb nonacTb no 1..\eHTpy mHTa Koi1beM H CAOMaTb ApesKo, To oH cTaHo-

Puc. 633

Puc. 635

Puc. 632. TypHHpHbiH 6amMaK AMI 3aru;HThl crynaH oT yAapa o 6ap1>ep; HMHTa.IJ;HSI q>opMbl KoJKaaoro 6oTHHKa. 11TaAHSI. OK. 1 510 r. My3e:R TIOAI>AH-Tie~~oAH, MHAaa. Puc. 633. CaKCOHCKHH TYPHHpHbiH Aocnex. TioAHpoBaHHl:JH, 6e3 yKpameHHH, B KOMllAeKTe C TYPHHpHbiM CaAdAOM, llOA60pOAHHKOM H 6oeBl:JM llAaiD;OM. a) BHA c6oKy CAeBa. b) BHA c6oKy cnpaBa; noKa3aH KpoamTe:Ra AMI KpenAeHHSI wAeMa K HdCllHHHHKy. Puc. 634. TioA6opoAHHK OT caKcoHcKoro TYPHHpaoro Aocnexa. Puc. 635. EoeBoH nAaw; AMI caKcoHcKoro TYPHHpaoro Aocnexa, c llpHBHH"t!eHHl:JM KpiOKOM.

1Jacn IV.

416

TypHBpld

BHADI no6eAH'feAeM KBHHTHHhl. ECAH pb~apb qyTb-qy'I'b npoMruomaAcSI, To MaHeKeH pe3KO noaopatn~BaAOI BoKpyr CToJ\.6a, H noABemeliHbiH Ha ero pYJ<.e T.IDKe.JlliiH MemoK co acero pa3Maxa yAapSIJ\. phmapSI no cnHHe, qTo Bhl3hiBaAo cpeAH 3pHTeAe:H B3phiBhl cMexa. TaKoe TPeHHpoBOq}Joe cocTSI3aHHe npoBoAHJ\.OCb C Xll BeKa H, Bepo.SITHO, 3apOAHJ\.OCb BO ~. B AHrJUIH OHO npocymecTBOBaJ\.0 AO KOHI.\a XVl BeKa. Eme liieKCIDip B CBOHX npoH3BeAeHIDIX ynoMHHaJ\. 3TOT oco6hlii BHA TPeHHpOBKH Phmape:H. B BeKe BMeCTO KBHHTaHhl no.SIBHJ\.acb APYI'aSI Hrpa, K a p y c e A b, 1.\eJ\b KoTopo:H 3a.K.JUOqaJ\.aCb B YAaqH6M llOllaAaHHH KollbeM B KapTOIIHYJO HJ\.H AepeB.mrnyiO roJ\.oBy MaBpa HJ\.H -rypKa, ycTaHOBJ\.eiiHYJO B KallecTBe MHIDeHH Ha CTOJ\.6e •

xvn

Puc. 636 Psc.

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HMnepaTop MucHMHAHaH I co CBHTo:A. BoHHbl B IIOAHOM: pbiD;dpCKOM BOopyJKeHHH HMeiOT llOAyropapy'IHble Me"IH. noBepx AOCnexoB OAeTa xapaKTepHrui AMI 3Toro nepHOAd HaAaTHrui OAeJKAa, B 'ldCTHOCTH I06KH. fpaBIOpa r. EyKMaepa. 1515 r.

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A.J\.51

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3THX HaceKOMbiX BpeAHO TaK>Ke CMJ\.bHOe CO.J\.HeqHoe M neqHoe TeTI.J\.0. 3HaMeHa -

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15 1 9

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438

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H3 HeCKOAhKHX KYCKOB .>KeCTH, noCAe-

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3ai~HTHoro

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/vuJ.

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eM -

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pa3BHTHeM

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1'13 XII

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1 56 0-x

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cnoco6aMH.

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XIV

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1 57 0-x

XVI

seKe HH B KOAhqyrax, HH B BopoTHHKax HHKOrAa He npHMeH.siAH.

fOAaX KOAbqyrH OKO}{tlaTeAbHO BblliJAH H3 ynoTpe6J\eHH51, H C HHMH

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XVI

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(HeM. Damaszierungl. Ha3saHHe npoHc-

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r.J\aBHbiM o6pa3oM

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peg.).

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qacn. VI. OpyJKe:Aaoe AeAo

440

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yKa3aHO AHID:b Ha OAHO yCAOBHe 2

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n. n.

KOMMeHTapHSI.

Co6paHHe CO'IHHeHHH.

CK06Kax

yKa3aHa

M., 1954. pyccKax

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HCKycCTBo

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Riafio, J. «Tile industrial Arts in Spain)), London, 1879 (npUM. aBm.). Martinez de Espinar Alonso, ((Arte de Ballesteria y Monteria)). Madrid, 1644 (npu.M.

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Swedenborgius. ((De Ferro)), 1794. P. 194 (npuM. aBm.).

4ACTb VII KPYDHEHIIIHE COBPAHHR OPYLKUR

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2. OPY)KEMHbiM MY3EM B EPIOCCEAE Asop repu,oros EyprytiAeKHX B XV BeKe eAaBI1AC.si so Bcei1: Espone nhilllHoeThiO eBoero 06AI1Ka 11 oeo6eHHO KpaeOTOM, KOAI1qeeTBOM 11 6oraTeTBOM esoero opy>KH51. AHTyaH EypryHAeKm1 B 14 0 6 r oAy Haqa.J\. e o611paTh eTap 11HHoe

30*

qacn. VII. Kpynueifwne co6paHH.R opy>KH.R

468

opy>KI1e B 3aMKe KayAeH6epr B EprncceAe; B npaBAeHI1e <1>11Aimna Ao6poro 11 KapAa CMeAoro 3Ta Ko}\.J\.eKI~I1.SI, ITOA Ha3BaHI1eM «KopoAeBCKI1M apceHaA», noAy'-111.J\.a 6oraTOe ITOITO.J\.HeHI1C, HO, K COJKa.J\.eHHIO, 6o.J\.bllla.SI '-laCTb ee llOfH6.J\.a BO speM.SI ITOC.J\.CAH11X 6ypryHACKI1X BOMH. np11 MaKCI1MI1.J\.HaHe I 11 KapAe noTepH ApceHaAa 6bl.J\.11 c AI1XBOM B03Me~eHhi, TaK '-ITO oH CTa.J\. OAH11M 113 npeKpacHei1nmx 11 6oraTeMII111X B M11pe. nocrynAeHI151 B Hero npOAOA.>Ka.J\.11Cb npH AAh6pexTe 11 ¥13a6e}\.J\.e, a TaK.>Ke np11 3pu,repu,ore J\.eono.J\.hAe-BHAbre.J\.bMe. npH noc.J\.eAlfel\1 B ApcenaAe oKa3a.J\.C.SI 3HaMeHHThiM Me'-1 XHAhnep11Ka, KoTopbiM, OAHaKO, ITOTOM llOITa.J\. BO <l>paHIJ,HIO 11 Tenepb HaXOAI1TC51 B nap11>Ke. nocAe HeOAHOKpaTHOfO 113MeHCHI15I MCCTOHaXOJK.AeHI1.SI KO}\.J\.eKU,1151 pa3NeCTI1.J\.aCb B 3AaHHH Ha PIO-Ae-Aa-nei1, rAe so speM51 noTp51ceHI1M soMHhi 1 7 9 4 roAa 6bl.J\.a no'-ITH noAHOCThiO YHI1'-ITo>KeHa. CerOAH51lllH.Sl51 KO}\.J\.eKU,1151 B03HHK.J\.a TO.J\.hKO B 1 8 3 5 fOAy; B HeH, npaBAa, e~e eCTb npeAMeTbl 113 CTapoH, l-10 ee I'.J\.aBHOe HbiHelllHee 6oraTCTBO COCTOHT 113 p51Aa yAa'-IHhiX np11o6peTermi1: KO}\.J\.eKU,1111 rpa<Pa XoMnellla, qacTI1 CTap11HHoro apcenaAa KOHCTaHTI1HOITO.J\.hCKI1X cyATa.HoB 11 T. A· B 1 8 4 7 fOAY see My3e:i1Hoe AC.J\.o 6bl.J\.O peopraHI13oBaHo, ocHoBaH «KopoAeBCKHH My3ei1 ApesHocTei1 11 opy>K1151» (Musee Royal d'AntiquilE~s et d'Annures) 11 pa3Me~eH s eA11HCTBei-IHOM coxpaH11BllleH:c51 oT cTap11HHLIX YJ<penAeHHH Epmcce.J\..SI 6all1He «nopT Ae AAL», nocTpoeHIIOH B 1 3 8 1 _roAY· Pa3Nen~eHHe BhiCTaBKI1 R 3TON 3AaHI111 He.J\.b351 cqecTb YAa'-IHhiM: no'-ITI1 so scex noMe~eHI151X He xsaTaeT CBeTa. Opranl13aU,I1» My3e.SI B EpiOcce.J\.e noAHOCThiO CXOAHa c opraHI13aU,11ei1 My3e.sr apTH}\}\ep1111 B nap11>Ke; 003TOMY 3AeCb BhiCTaB.J\.eHbl, Hap»AY C 3THOAOfl1'-leCKOi1 . Ko}\.J\.eKu,l1ei1, o6pa3U,hi cospeNeHHoro opy>KI151. Mo>KHO OTMeT11Th, '-ITO cpeAH CTap11HHOfO opy>KI1.si eCTb Aparou,eHHbie 3K3eMn.J\..sipbi, 11MCIO~HeC5I B Ct.IJITaH.HbiX KO}\.J\.CKU,IUIX. BocTO'-IHLIH OTAeA, npaBAa, NaA, Ho Cl:.IHTaeTc» OAHHI\1 113 AYl.JlllHX 11 IJ,eHHbiX 11 ITOCTO.SIHHO llOITO.J\.H.SieTC51. My3eH HaC'-111TbiBaeT, 3a Bbi'-IeTOI\1 npeAMeTOB, He OTHOCSI~HXC51 K opy>KHIO, 2 4 0 0 3KCllOHaTOB.

VIr

3. KOPOAEBCKMM MCTOPMqECKMM MY3EM M KOPOAEBCKMI PY)I(EMHMI fAAEPEn B APE3AEHE OcuosaTeAeM 11CTOp11'-IeCKOro My3e.SI B Ape3AeHe 6biA Kyp<i:>IOpcT AsrycT CaKCOHCKHH, co6pasum:H: 3a speM.SI csoero 6oAee '-leM TpHAU,aTHAeTHero npasAeHI1.si ( 15 5 3-15 8 6) MHO>KCCTBO npo113BCAeliHH 11CKYCCTBa, peAKOCTeH, CTap11HHOfO opy>K1151 11 T. A· 11 BbiCTaBI1BlllHH 3TO B 1 55 6 fOAY B 3aMKe Kyp<i:>K>pCTa noA Ha3Bai-meM: «naAaTa 11cKyccTB 11 peAKoCTei1» (Kunst-und Raritatenkammer). npH ero npeeMHI1Ke, Xp11CTI1aHe I, KO}\.J\.eKU,H.SI nepeceAH.J\.aCb B poCKOlllHOe 3Aai-IHe KOHIOIIIHI1, llOCTpoeHHOH no ero noBe.J\.eHHJO B 1 58 6 fOAY· Y cepAHOfO noKpOBI1Te.J\..SI no3>Ke oHa HaiiiAa B Kyp<l:>IOpCTe AsrycTe II CI1J\.hHOM, KOTopbiH pacnop.SIAHAC5I nepesecrn ee B ITOCTpoeHHbiH B 1 7 11 fOAY nenneAhMaHOM 3aMOK }4BI1Hrep. 3TOT MOHapx 6bl.J\. 11 OCHOBaTe.J\.eM py>KeHHOH faAepe11, HaXOAI1BliiCHC.SI c MoMeHTa ee B03HI1KHOBeHI1.SI B KopoAeBCKOM 3ai\IKe. Cso10 cospeMeHHyto opraHH3aU,I1IO KO}\.J\.eKU,H.SI ITOAY1:.JHAa B npaB.J\.eHI1e Kopo.J\..SI AHTOHa B

469

1 8 3 3 roAy, KOrAa oHa pa3MeCTHJ\.acb B HoaHHeYMe B AeB.siTH 3a.J\.ax H AJU:IHHbiX raAepe.siX B npH6AH3HTeAhHO XpOHOJ\.OI'l{qeCKOM llOp.sJ:AK.e. C 3TOro BpeMeHH OHd HOCHT Hd3BaHHe «11CTopmecKHH MY3eH». Myse:H COAepJKHT He TOJ\bKO OpYJKHe H OXOTHHtlbe CHdp.siJKeHHe, HO H YTBapb, Me6eAh H cocyAbl speMeH HTaJ\b.sJ:HcKoro H HeMe~oro Bo3pOJKAeHH.si, a TaKJKe HHTepeCHbie C HCTopmeCKOH TO't!KH 3peHIDI npeAMeThi, He HMeiO~He H}fqero o6~ero c opY?Ke:HHbnM AeAOM. B oTHomeHHH opYJKIDI co6paHHe HcropmecKoro MY3e.si B /lJle3AeHe oTHoCHTC.si K CaMbiM ~eHHbiM H 6oraTbiM B EBpone. npeAMeThi, 3d HCKJ\IOlJeHHeM HeMHornx, He cTapme XVI seKa, HO HX pocKomb H KpacoTa AOKd3biBaJOT xopomH:H BKyc TOrAamHHx CaKCOHCKHX MOHapxos. CaMbrMH KpacHBhiMH H3AeAH.siMH XVD H Hdlla.J\.d XVDI BeKa MY3eH o6..JI3aH C06HpaTeAhCKOMY pBeHHIO A.BrycTa 11. HeKoTophle npeAMeThi npHnHChiBaJOTC.si onpeAeAeHHbnM ~aM. HeKoTophle H3 smx AereHA noATBepJKAdiOTC.si AOKfMeHTa.J\.bHO, APynt:e xoTb H onHpaiOTC.si TOJ\.bKO Ha TJl~, HO npeACTaBJ\.siiOTC.sl llpaBAOllOA06Hh!MH, ecAH npeAMeT nepBoHalla.J\.bHO npHHdMeJKa.J\. K Kyp$IOpmecKo:H KOJ\J\.e~. Bo.J\.bmoe 3Ha~eHHe HMeeT KOJ\J\.e~ TYPe~oro H nepcHACKoro OPY?KHR H soeHHoro cHap.siJKeHH.si, co6paHHa.si 6o.J\.bme:H llaCTbJO A.BrycTOM II. Ee AOnoAH.sieT ~eHHoe 3THOrpa$mecKoe co6paHHe, llOCTO..JIHHO YBeh}fqHBdiO~eec.si. no CTdpHHHhiM, xyAoJKeCTBeHHo YKPameHHbnM ceMaM H c6pye MY3e:H npHHdMeJKHT K CaMbiM 6oraTbiM B MHpe. 1 KopoAeBCKCUI PY?KeHHa.si raAepe.s~, ocHOBaHHa.si B 173 0 roAy , COAepJKHT 6oAee 2 0 0 0 sKcnoHaTOB - caMhle pocKomHo OTAeAaHHble oxoTHHtlhH PY?Kb.si, B OCHOBHOM lPpamzy3CKOH H HeMe~oH pa6oTbl. Ee CJ\.eAyeT C't!HTdTb OAffiiM H3 caMhiX o6mHpHbiX H noKa3dTeAhHbiX co6paHH:H ornec1'peAbHoro opYJKIDI XVIII seKa. O~eHHBa.si co6paHHe HcTopmecKoro MY3e.si, TPYAHO KO}\}fqecTBeHHo onpeAeAHTb AOJ\.10 HMeHHO OpYJKH.sl. Q6~ee lJHCJ\.0 COCTaBJ\..sieT nop.sJ:AI{a 3 0 0 0 0 3KCllOHdTOB. no npH6AH3HTeAhHOH o~eHKe opyJKHe MOJKeT COCTaBA.siTb OT CHl\bl noAOBHHY YKd3aHHoro lJHCJ\.a,

4. OPY)I{EHHAJI IIAAATA fOPOAA .3 MAEHA Pa3Hoo6pa3Hoe co6paHHe opY?KHR ropoAa 3MAeHa B BocTo't!Ho:H pHCAaH-

AHH He cBe3eHo, KaK sTo o6hllJHo 6biBaeT, H3 caMhlx pa3HhiX MeCT, HO noliTH HCKJ\IO't!HTeAhHo cocToHT H3 opYJKIDI, npHo6peTeHHoro ropoAOM c Ko~a XVI BnAOTb AO XVIII seKa. Ha sTo YKa3hiBdeT H C'l'apHHHoe, e~e yno1'pe6HTeAbHoe Ha3BaHHe «0pY?KeHHa.si na.J\.aTa» (HeM. RUstkammer). OAHaKo nepsoHalla.J\.bHbiH xapaKTep oHa, KaK H naAaThi BeHbi, fpal\a H T. A·· noHeMHory yrpaTHAa H CTa.J\.d lJHCTO MY3eHHhiM yqpeJKAeHHeM, 0TAeAbHhle KpaCHBhle H3AeAHR MOrAH llOllilAdTb CIOAd B KalJeCTBe llOAapKOB, HO H OHH npoHCXONJT H3 OKp~CTHOCTeH ropoAa. l

C 1733 rOAd OHd BLICfaBAeHa B raAepee KOpOAeBCKOH KOHIOIIIHH (npUM. aBm.).

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4'16

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14. MY3EH KAIOHH B IIAPIDKE CTapHHHbiH OTeAb I<.JuoHH B napHJKe, nOC'rpOeHHhiH B 1 3 4 0 rOAY Ha MeCTe aHTH:qHbiX HMnepaTopcKHX TepM APeBHe:H AIOTeu;HH, coAepJKHT 6ora'I'}'IO KOAl

KoAAeKD;IDI 3aMKa n~>ep<}loH 6h1Aa OCHOBaHa HauoAeOHOM III B 18 61 roAy. Oaa COCI'OSIAa 6oA:&WeH lldCTLJO H3 KOAAeKD;HH, JcyiiAeHHOH y KHSI3SI CaAThiKOBa, AaAee H3 YAdllHhiX UpH06peTeHHH HMUeparopa, HdKOHen;, H3 IIpeAMeTOB, UpHHftAAeJKdBWHX MyseJO 1\yspa, 3TO YJKe c<}lepa KOMUeTeHD;HH rocyAapCTBa. KaTaAOr naarHHH A'ApHAOHa 1867 rOAd B upoAaJKe He IIOSIBASIACSI (npUM. asm.).

418

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E. du Sommerard. «Catalogue du Musee de Cluny,. Paris, 1811.

479

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11. HMllEPATOPCKOE OPY}I{EHHOE CO:SPAHHE B ItAPCKOM CEAE HMnepaTopcKoe opyJK.eHHoe co6paHHe pacnoAaraeTC}J B noxoJKeM Ha ABOpel\, BbJAepJKaHHOM B COBpeMeHHOM HeoroTHqeCKOM CTHJ\.e 3AaHHH B napKe AeTHe:H HMnepaTopcKo:H pe3H.AeHI..l.HH QapcKoe CeAo. PaHbme 3AeCb CTO.ru\. Ma1 B cooTBeTCTBHH c o'leHb xopomo CAeAaHHbiM O垄c6apa. CToKroJ\b:M, 1889 (npUM. aBm.).

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qacu VII. Kpyuaeaume cofipa&RJI opylltRJI

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HO HX npoHcxoJKAeHHe,

HeCOMHelUIO, yxoAHT ropa3AO AaAhiDe B I'Ay6b cpeAHeBeKOBMI. npoo6pa3 op1'8HH381.\HH AIOAeH 3TOH npocpeccHH C BeCbMa cypOBbiMH npaBHABMH Mbl HBXOAifM B BH3aHTHH, cpeAH capai.\HHCKHX peMecAeHHHKOB s CHI.\HAHH H MaBpHTaHcKHX -

s HcnaHHH. BoAhmHe AOCTHJKeHIDI socToqHbiX MacTepos 6biAH np.HMbiM

noBOAOM

AMI

KonHposaHIDI o6rq,Hx npHHI.\HnOB HX opraHH3ai.\HH. 3aKOHbi, Ae:i1:-

CTBosasmHe B 3THX 06'beA1fHeHIDIX, OTHOCHAHCb npeJKAe BCei'O K AlfCI.\HnAHHe qJt..<J.HOB TOBapHI.q,eCTB, a Ka.JKAaR

serq,b,

TBKJKe K

CAeAaJ-U-IaJI

CTpOI'OMY KOHTpOAIO KaqecTBa HX H3AeAHH.

apTeAH,

nposep.HAacb

Bbi6paHHbiMH

onbiTHbiMH

MBCTepaMH (HeM. Beschaumeister) r H nocAe HX nOAOJKHTeAhHOI'O 3aKAJOqeHIDI Ha Hee cTaBHAM cnei.\HaAbHbiH 3HBK (HeM. Beschauzeichen); B cpeAHHe seKa ero rpaBHpOBaAH H TaymHpOBaAH 30AOTOM HAM ABT}'HbiO Ha JKCAe3HbiX H3AeAH.HX, a no3JKe Bbi6HBaAH B BlfAe KAeHMa. <l>opMaMH 3THX KAeHM HCCAeAOBaTeAH 381-IHMaAHCb erq,e CAHIDKOM MaAO, MoJKHO npHBeCTH CilliCOK BBJKHeHillHX H3 HHX, XOT.H OTMeTHM, qTo C TeqeHHeM BpeMeHH COXpaH.HAaCb AHIDb o6rq,aJI cpop:l.\m, HO He AeTaAH, H no 3'l'HM OTKAOHeHH.HM AOBO.J\.bHO Ael'KO onpeAeAHTb B03pacT Bei.q,H. Mbl 3AeCb, p83YMeeTCJI, He MOJKeM BXOAifTb B TBKHe TOHKOCTH H npeAOCTaBAJieM 3TO 6yAyi.q,HM HCCAeAOBBTeAJIM. APeBHHM 6biAa qyJKAa noTpe6HOCTb YKB3biBaTb Ha peMeCAeHHOM H3AeAHH HMJI HAM 3aMeHJIIOI.q,HH ero 3H8K H3I'OTOBHTeAJI, H B npOH3BeAei-IIDIX BHT:HqHOCTII scTpeqaJOTC.SI AHIDb eAJfHHqHbie o6o3HaqeHIDI TaKoro poAa. noHaqaJt..y 3TOfO He 3HaAO H cpeAHeBeKOBbe; BeAb, no XpHCTHBHCKHM nOHSITlffiM,

see

cymecTBywrq,ee

paccMaTpHsaeTcJI

npo6yJKAeHHeM fYMBHHCT:HqecKoro AYXa B

Ka~ rnopeHHe

XIV

Bora.

ToAhKO

BeKe MacTep oTBaJKHACJI npe-

TeHAOBaTb Ha TO, qTo6bi Ol.\eHHAM ero AlfqHOCTb 11 ero pa6ory. AoAhme scero cpeAHeBeKOBbie TPaAifi.\HH coxpaHRAHCb B MacTepCKHX naccay, II03TOMY H3BeCTHbl AHillb HeMHOrHe HMeHa TBMOIDHHX MBCTepoB. ECAH AO TOI'O Ha npOH3BeAeHIDI, B OCHOBHOM Ha KAHHKH, CTaBHAM TOAbKO KAeHMO KpynHOH KOpnopai.\HH, TO Tenepb K HeMY CTaAH A06aBAJITb HMJI HAM MapKy MBCTepa. J13yqeHHe 3THX MapoK npeACTBBAJieT 60AhillYJO BBJKHOCTb

AMI

HCTOpHH opyJKIDI 11, B qacTHOCTH,

onpeAeAeHHJI CTOHMOCTH OpYJKIDI: BeAb TaM, I'Ae Mbl He MOJKeM nposepHTb

KaqecTBO OpYJKIDI Ha npaKTHKe, 3H8HHe HMeHH MBCTepa ABeT KpHTepHH 01.\eHKH, s TOM qHcAe c qHcTo XYAOJKecTBeHHOH H AeKopaTHBHOH ToqKH 3peHIDI • .1\.erKo AOr~aTbC51, qTo H3secTHLie MapKH- «BoAK», «EnHcKoncKHH nocox», «foAoBa Maspa», «foAosa enHcKona», HeKoTopbie HcnaHcKHe: «3cn~epo AeAh Pe:H»,

«CaaryH»,

«To.Ael\0)),

«.A:IDI.Aa)) H

A··

KBK H HeKoTopbie HTaAMIHCKHe:

«nlfqqHHHHO», «Ka.HHO», «<l>eppapa», «KOMHHai.\1.\H», -

AOBOAbHO qacTO noMe-

AbiBaAHCb. Pacrro3HBTb TaKHe rroAPaJKaHIDI He scerAa AerKo, H 3TOMY yqHT AHillb AOAro.AeTHHH onbiT.

'Iacn VIII. MacTepa-opyxteiiHHKU

488

BnpotieM, noiDITI1e noMeAKI1 B ornorneHI111 K.JlliHKOB qpe3Bbrqaii:Ho pacT.SDKI1Mo, 11 noAXOAHTh K HeMY MOJK.Ho c pa3HhiX TOl:JeK 3peHIDI. BI1J\.OTb AO no3AJ-Iero cpeAHeBeKoBb.H MapKa CAYJKHAa poAOM peKAaMw, lliJ\.a oTKposeHHM

cneKyMI~l1.H

Ha AOBep1111 noKynaTe.J\..SI. TaK, narrp11Mep, capa~I1HCKI1e opyJKeRHI1K11 B C11~11J\.HI1 B

BeKe

CTaBI1J\.H Ha CBOI1X

KJ\.HHKax

HeHaBI1CTHbiR KpecT,

nocKOJ\.bKY 11X

K.JllieHTYPa B Espone 6bi.J\.a notJTI1 11CKJ\.IOlJHTe.J\.bHo xp11CTI1aHcKo.H. 3Ta MapKa, o6A6AaBnlilll BhiCOKHM aBTOp11TCTOM, ITOTOM 11CnO.J\.h30Ba.J\.aCb 11TilAh51HCKI1MI1 l\laCTepCKI1M11 coseprneHHO B TOM JK.e Q:»opMe BI1J\.OTb AO

XIV

BeKa. 11M He ocTa-

Ba.J\.OCb HHtJero Apyroro: KaJKALIR noKynaTe.J\.h Tpe6oBa.J\. 3TY MapKy, KJ\.HHKI1 c Apyroii: MapKHpOBKOR c6h1Tb 6bi.J\.O HeB03MOJKHO, noA06HhiR CJ\.ytJilR 6bi.J\. 11 Ha cesepe. «BOJ\.K)) MaCTepcKHX naccay 6bi.J\. TaK 3HaMeHHT, liTO APyriiM MaCTepCKHM np11lliJ\.OCb 113 KOMMeptieCKI1X coo6paJKeHI1R Ae.J\.ilTb K.JlliHKH C «BOJ\.KOM», lJT06bl He pa30pHThC.S1. Alo6ru1 npoCJ\.aBI1Bllia.HCH MapKa 3aTpyAHHJ\.a c6biT TOBapoB c APyrHMH MapKaMH, 11 opyJKeHHHKif ITbiTaAHCh BbrHTH 113 3aTPYAH11Te.J\.hHoro no.J\.OJKCI-11-ui, CTaB.SI Ha CBOI1 113Ae.J\.l1.SI 3HaMeHHTble MapKif. He BCCfAa 3TO HClAO ctJI1TaTh noMeAKo:H B

noAnoM CMhiCJ\.e

CJ\.osa:

Ha MHornx K.JlliHKax p.sJ.AoM

tJYJKOR MapKOH MaCTep CTaBHA CBOe HM.H, CBOIO C06CTBeHHYJO MapKy 11 HepeAJ<O AaJKe MeCTO 113fOTOBJ\.eHI1.SI. 3T:HM 06'b.HCIDieTCH nOHBJ\.CHI1e MHOJKeC'rBa K.JUfliKOB, Ha KOTOpbiX 6bi.J\.H 0603HatJeH11H «<l>eppapa)), «ni11JlJHHI1H0)) 11 T. A•r 11CnaHCKI1R noA)'MCC.siJ..\ HAM MapKa MaCTepOB CaaryHa 11 T. A•r

HO BhiKOBil.HHWX no

6o.J\.hiiJeH lJaCTI1 B fepMaHHH. 3o.J\.HHreH nepBOHalJa.J\.bHO CTaBHJ\ Ha CBOI1X 113AeJ\.H.SIX «Bo.J\.Ka)), He HMe.H Ha 3To rrpasa,

BeKe noMe.J\.biBa.J\.H 11 B HcnaHHI1, -

3TH KAeiiMa, norryrHo 3aMeTHM, B

XVI

a B

BeKe oH eTa./\. 11cno.J\.b30BaTh

MapKH, pa311TCJ\.hHO CXOJKI1e C 11CllaHCK:Hl\fl1. 11MeHHO B 3TO BpeM.si 11CITaHCKI1e MaCTepCKI1e HaBOAHHJ\11 CB011MI1 llillaJK.HbiMH K.JlliHKaMH BCIO EBporry. B cn11cKe Mhl, B lJaCTHOCTI1, npHBeAeM 11 Te MapK11 11CllaHCKI1X OpYJK.eiD-UIKOB, KOTOpbie

AalOTC.SI

cpaBHeHI1e c

KHI1re

l06HHaJUI

«J'Armeria

Real

Madrid>>.

npaBAil,

HOAJlliHHhiMI1 MapKaMI1 Ha opYJKHI1 noKa3wsaeT, liTO XYAOJKHI1K,

no Hei1CKYCHOCTH, C)'MCJ\. nepeAaTb TOJ\.bKO o6mHH xapaKTep MapoK, HO ijlaKCI1MHJ\hHhiM BOCI1p0113BCAeHI1eM 3TO Ha3BaTb He.J\.h351. no3TOMY Mhl B HeKOTOpbiX CJ\.ytJilliX ny6J\.HKyeM B 3THX MeCTilX 6oAee TOlJHbie 11306paJKeHI151. HaAo TaKJKe oTMeTHTh, tiTo Q:»paH~hi

XVII

BeKa cTaBI1J\.H Ha csoHx KJ\.11HKax

11 omeCTpe.J\.bHOM opyJKHI1, KaK npaBHAO, He MapKH, a 110./\.Hble 11MeHa, lJaCTO 11 MeCTO H3fOTOBJ\.eHI1.SI. B

OTHOIIIeHHH cni1CKa MapoK 11 MaCTepoB 3aMeTHM, liTO COCTaBHTe.J\.b Hl1 B

MaAeiirneH CTeneHI1 He npeTeHAyeT Ha ero noAHory. np11 Bbi6ope 11X 113 lJI1CJ\.a, npeBhirnaiOmero np11BeAeHHoe 3ACCb 6oAee tJeM B AeCHTh pa3, oH PYKOBOACTBOBa.J\.CH TO.J\.hKO HaMepeHI1.SIMI1 n03HaKOMHTb lJHTaTe.J\..SI C nepBbiM11 1-1 J\.ytJlliHMH, Ha ero B3rA.sJ.A, MacTepaMH. CpeAJi np116J\.H3HTe.J\.bHO

700

11MeH, npHBeAeHHh!X

HaMH 3ACCb, eCTb HeKOTOpbie, AOCe.J\.e Hei13BCCTHbie HJ\H npHBAeKaBlliHe Ma.J\.0 BHHMaiii1.SI. HeKoTopbie HMeHa MacTepoB B3.HThi 113 apx11BOB, Ho 60J\.b1IIYJ0 qacTb Mhi Aael\1 no npeAMeTaM, COXpaHHBilii1MCH B co6paHI1.SIX, 11 BaeM TaKJKe MeCTa,

11CtiepnaHHhiM. 3TH MeCTa y

A -

AMI

11CCJ\.eAOBaTe.J\.eH yKa3bi-

fAe OHI1 HaxOASITCH, BOBCe He ClJHTM I1pl1 3TOM cni1COK Hac o603HillJalOTC.H:

Sp. - BpiDcceAL; B. AapMmT. - AapMIUTC\AT; APA· -APe3AeH; 3r. - 3HrMapHHreH; 3A. - 3o.J\.HHreH; 3q. - 3a.J\.bu;6ypr; Kan. - KanoAHMOHTe; Kon. - KoneHrareH; A. - A.ofiAoH; An. - A.e:Hrru;Hr; BeHa;

AM6pac;

BH. -

Ar. -

BeHeu;H.H;

Ayrc6ypr;

BT6. -

SA. -

Baproypr;

Bep.J\.HH;

r. -

fpau;;

repMaHHJI

489

n. -

MAP. -

MiiAPHA; MAH. - MHAaH; Mx. - MIOHXeH; H. - HIOpH6epr; napHJK; np.- npara; Pr.- PereHc6ypr; CTOK.- CTOKrOAhM; T.- TypHH; filA. <l>AopeHI.\}UI; fllp. - <l>paHK<f>ypT-Ha-Ma:iine; 3. - 3MAeH; 3p6. - 3p6ax. 11MeHa caMhiX 3Ha.MeHHTbiX MaCTepo:B BhiAeAeHbi noAyJKHpHbiM mpH<f>ToM. no 3THM CllHCKaM MOJKHO, 6e3 COMHeHIDI, HaHTH J\.1060H npeAMeT 113 opyJKeHHblX co6paHHH. nepel:IHC.MITb scex XYAO.>KHHKOB, AeAaBmHX 3CKH3bl MJI opyJKIDI, npeACTaB.JUieTC.SI HeB03MO.>KHbiM, T. K. 3THM 3aHHMaJ\.HCb nol:ITH Bee MacTepa CpeAfiero H BbiCOKoro Bo3poJKAeHIDI s 11TaAHH H ot:~eHb MHorHe - s HHAepAaHAaX H fep:r.IaHHH. Mbi orpaHHl:IHMC.SI TeM, l:ITO Ha3oBeM opHaMeHTHCTOB, B TBOpl:leCTBe KOTOpbiX 3CKH3bl opyJKIDI 3aHHMaAH oco6o Ba.>KHOe MeCTO.

1. fEPMAHH.R H HACAEACTBEHHbiE BAAAEHH.R f AliCJiYPfOB 1. A a pay

(Aarau) HoraHH <f>oH. npeAflOJ\.O.>KHTeJ\.bHO nepBbiH H3BeCTHbiH .1\.HTe~m;HK nymeK. Ar.,

1375-1378.

2. AreHT (Agent) H. ., KMIHKOBbiH MaCTep. 3A., OK. 1 7 1 2. 3. A :H 3 e H X 0 H T (Eisenhoit) AHTOH r t:~eKaHm;HK. P. 1554. MIOHCTep. 4. A A A SI :H T H e p . (Alleitner)

.HKo6, rpasep no KAHHKaM; mKoAa rpaBHpoBIIVfKOB KpeCTbSIHCKOfO C'rH.JUI H3 AJ\.brey, I.llBapi..\BaJ\.bAa, EpereHI..\epBaJ\.bAa. OK. 1668.

5. A A b r n 3 :H e p (Algyeyer) MapTHH, rpasep no KaAefiAClpHbiM KAHHKaM. 3A., XVIII s. AJ>A.

7. AHI..\HHYC K.J\HHKOBbiH

1660.

(Ancinus) MaCTep.

neTpyc, Pr., oK.

8. Anne HI.\ e AA e p (Appenzeller HJ\.H Appetzeller) faHc, AHTeHII\HK pyJKe:H. 11Hc6pYK. Pa6oTaeT MJI MaKCHMHJ\.HaHa I H KapAa EypIYHACKoro, 14 90-14 99.

9. A p 6 e

tArbe) AJKosaHHH E., H3 ceMbH AeJ\..1\a ToJ\...1\e, AHTeiim;HK pyJKe:H. Pary3a, YM路 1540. B., H.

1 0. A p M r ePA T (Armgerdt) MHxeAh, pyJKeHHbiH MaCTep. AJ>A., OK. 15 8 8. Pa6oTaeT TaKJKe s An.

1 1. A p H o A b A

(Arnold) <l>plfApHX, AHTeHm;HK pyJKeH. <l>yJ\bAa, OK.

1630.

6. AAhAe rp e Be p (Aldegrever) feH-

1 2. AT T e M III T e T T e p (Attemstetter)

pHx, xyAoJKHHK, rpasep. 3ocT, p. 1502, YM路 1558, AeAaeT 3CKH3bl opyJKIDI.

AaBifA, 3MaAbep. Ar. Bbmo.l\.HSieT HeKoTopbie pa6oThi no YKPameHHIO opy:>KIDI /l,Mf. HMnepaTopa PyAoJ\.b<f>a II. YM. 1 6 1 7. MoHorpaMMa:

D.A.

H.J\H

D.A.F.

490

tJacu VIII. MacTepa-opyJKeHHHKB

1 3. Axe H (Achen) HoraHH BaH, xy-

Ero MapKa -

oAeHh:

AOJKHHK. KeAbH, BH., B., np. YM. 1600. AeAaeT 3CKH3hi }'KpameHHH AMI opyJK:m~.

14. :S a A bAy H r (Baldung) fane, npo3BaHHhiH

~eAeHbiM;

pHCOBaJ\b~IIK

XYAOJKHHK, 3CKI130B OpYJKIDI.

CTpac6ypr, p. 1470

HAM

1476,

YM路 1545. MapKa:

22. B epTOAhT (Bertholt) HIIKo~ayc, MaCTep MelleH:. H., noToM APA路 OK. 15 3 0. no3JKe 6biA IIPlfABOpHbiM opyJKeHHHKOM IIpH CaKCOHCKOM ABOpe.

2 3. B ex a H: M (Behaim) 3e6aAI>A, AHTeii~HK pyJKeH:. H. YM. 15 3 4.

a TaKJKe roA-

2 4. B ex e p (Becher) fane, AOCrremHHK. H. YM. 1589. B.

2 5. B e x e p (Becher) .1\.eonoAbA, py-

15. B a y p (Baur) BHAhreAhM, MacTepA.OJKeB~HK.

3AbBaHreH,

OK.

2 6. B o K c 6 e pre p (Boxberger, TJK.

1690. Mx. 16. Be6HHKXopH

(Bebinckhorn, TJK. Bebickenhorn H Bebickhom) BoAbcp, AOCnemHHK. AJ>A. 0pHe3JKaeT H3 KacceMI, 1577-1591.

17. B e A b (Boel) ABrycmH, KAHHKOBbiH MacTep. 3A., oK. 1550. B. 1 8. B e H H H H K (Benninck), CeMbJI AHTeHI.qHKOB pyJKeH. J\ro6eK.

AAb6epT; J\ro6eK, 1690. B., BA., Kon.

JKeHHhiH MacTep. KapAC6fiA. B., Kon.

Bp.

27. , :SoH r a p A

(Bongard e) ApMan, pyJKeHHbiH MaCTep, pe3llHK no JKeAe3y. AwcceJ\hAOPQl, OK. 1700. n., B., AJ>A.

2 8. B p a 6 e H T e p YM.

P e H: H r o A h Ar MarH~TPaTCKHH YM. OK. 1 617.

AHTeH~HK.

1 9. B e pH c (Berns) ApnOAhA,

Bocksberger) HoraHH, XYAOJKHHK. Pe3t:IHK Q>opMhl. 31..\., Ar., .1\.aJIACxyT, Mx. AeAaeT 3CKH3hi }'KpamenHH: AMI opyJKIDI. 2-.s~ noA. "XVIB.

KAHH-

KOBhiH MacTep. 3A., KoH. XVI BeKa. BA.

2 0. Be pH c (Berns) Horannec, KAHHKOBhiH MuCTep. 3A., Hal.J, XVII B.

2 1. B e pH c (Berns) MeBec, KAHHKoBhiH MacTep. 3A., Hall. XVII B. B.

(Brabenter) BHAhreAhM, AOClleiiiHHK. 3A. (?), KOHel.\ XVI B. ./\..

2 9. B p a 6 e H T e p

(Brabenter) feHpHx, KAHHKOBbiH MaCTep. 3A., Hall. XVII B. BA.

30. B pac (Bras) neTep H3 MaH:reJ-Ia, KAHHKOBhiH MacTep. XVII B. B.

491

repMaBHJI

3 1. E p e H T e A h (Brentel) <l>pHAPHX, XYAO>K.HHK, pHCQBa.A.bll.\HK 3CKH30B AeKopaTHBHoro opyJKHH. CTpac6ypr, p. 1580, YM· 1651.

3 2. E pH (Bry) TeoAOP Ae, IOBeAHp, pHcoBa.A.bii(HK 3CKH30B AeKopaTHBHoro opyJKHH, HaKJ\aAOK H T. A· <l>p. P. 1 5 2 8, YM· 15 9 8.

eHAH~ (Weyditz) KpHcTo<P, pe3qHK 110 CAOHOBOH KOCTH. Ar. OK. 1560.

40. B

(Weytr) <!>pan~ BH.A.bre.A.bM, pyJKeHHhiH MacTep. H., 110TOM pa6oTaeT B Bene. OT~ HbiH rpaBep. Haq, XVIII B. n.,

4 1. B e :H e -p

3MA•r APA-

42, Benrep (Wenger) MaKCHMHAH33. Eponnay3p (Bronnauer) feopr, xyAoJKHHK-rpaBep. H., oK. 1610. A.

aH, pyJKeHHbiH MacTep H CTBOAbII(HK. Cep. XVII B. 3HaK: MAX. w- CTOK.

3 4. E yAh HAHIT11a II 11cl1aHcKoro.

35. :SyprKMa:Hp (Burgkmair) faHc CTapiDHH, XYAOJKHHK. Ar. P. 14 7 3, YM· 15 3 1. AeAaA YKPameHHH AMI AOCI1eXoB HM11epaTopaM MaKCHMHAHaey I H KapAy V. 3 6. B a :H H x o AhA (Weinhold) HoranH foT<PplfA, AHTeHII(HK APA· OK. 1740. B.

OPYAHH.

3 7. B au c (WeiB), X. PyJKe:HHbi:H MacTep. 3yAh. XVIII B. A. 3 8. B a :H T (Veit), AOCI1eiDHHK. H. Kon. XVB. H., B.

4 3. B epA e p (Werder) <l>eAHKc. pyJKeHHhiH MaCTep. l.VopHX. l13roTOBHTeAb caMoro cTaporo H3 AaTJiPOBaHHhiX pYJKe:Hnoro 3aMKa,

1652. B. 4 4. B e T T e p (Wetter) OrMap, HoJKoBIIV'IK, pe3qHK 110 JKeAe3y. Mx. H APA· AeAaeT pocKOIDHhie 3<Pechi AMI Meqe:H H m11ar. OK. 1590. APAMapKa: W, BhiAoJKeHHoe 30AOTOM.

45. B eqrH (Wetschgi) AHApeac, pyJKeHHbiH MacTep. Ar. Cep. XVIII B. Ko11., B., CToK.

46. B HAep IDTaHH (Widerstein), AH1 4 4 9TeHII(HK pyJK.e:H. H., 1450. OTA.HBaeT opyAHn, H3BecTHhie 110A Ha3BaHHeM BJ:fAepmTaH- . HOBCKHX.

MapKa:

N.W.

39. BaAhTep (Walther) (H3 ApMI?), AHTeHIIV'IK pyJKeH. Ar. 0TAHBaeT 3AeCh PYJKh.H yJK.e B 1 3 7 3 r.

4 7. B H AhA eM an·

(Wildemann) MapKc, pyJKeHHbiH MacTep. APA· Pa6oTaeT AMI caKcoHcKoro ABOpa AO 1587.

48. B HAhqHnc K H (Wilczinski) AyKac, KAHHKOBhiH MaCTep. llo3eH

492

qaCT~t

VIII. MaCTepa-opyxteihnm.u

(?) r OK. 1 6 1 0. AeAaeT KaAeiJAapHbie KAHHKH. EA.

56. B YHAe c

(\'Vundes) HoraHuec, KAHHKOBbiH MaCTep. 3A. Pa6oTaeT: 1560-1610. MapKH: «foAoBa Kopo.MI» H «AepJK.aBa». n.. B., CTOK.

4 9. B H H 3 a H r

(\'Vynsang, TJK. Wynnfang) faHc, AHTeHiqHK pyJK.e:H. naccay. nocTaB~HK KOpO.MI epAlfHaHAa I. 1 54 4. B.

50. BHHQJaHr- c.M. BHH3aHr. 51. Bupc6epr

(Wirsberg) BHAbreAbM, KAHHKOBbiH MdCTep. 3A. EyproMHC'rp 3Toro ropoAa B 1573. OK. 1540. MAJl., n .. AJ>A·r CTOK. MapKa -

57. f

e6 e Ab H

(Gobeln) CTeQ:>aH, AH-

TeH~ pyJK.eH. p. OK.

15 2 2.

58. feMAHX (Gemlich) AM6po3eyc, KAHHKOBhiH MacTep. Mx. OK. 15 3 0. Pa6oTaeT AMI KapAa V. B.

noAoBHHa KoAeca.

59. f 3 eAAb

(Gsell) 3rHARYC, pyJK.eHHbiH MacTep. Apl.\6epr, oK. 1650. B., Kon.

52. B H p c 6 e p r

(Wirsberg) BoAbQ:> 3pHCT, KAHHKOBhiH MaCTep. B. OpyJK.eHHHK HMnepaTopa MaKcHMHAHaHa II, OK. 1565.

60. f AOKKeHAOH

(Glockendon), ceMb.H XYAOJK.HHKOB. H.

AAL6epT, 6paT HHKOAayca, xyAOJK.HHK no IIIpHQ:>TaM H YKPaiiie~M AMI AOCnexoB. Ero MapKa HMeeTC~ Ha AOCnexax C KpaCHBblM TpaBAeHHeM, CAeAaHHhiX MJI KoHpaAa Q:>on EeMeAb6epra, OK.

53. B H p C 6 e p r

(Wirsberg) neTep, KAHHKOBbiH MacTep. 3A. EyproMHCTp 3Toro ropoAa B 1 6 1 11617. OK. t5so. x., Mx.• n .. B.

54. BoAAep

(\'Voller) KAHHKOBbiH MaCTep.

XVII

1532. B.

KAeMeHc, 3A. KoH.

MapKa: neryx.

55. BopMc (Worms) Q:>oH,

HHKOAayc, XYAOJKHHK no IIIpHQ:>TaM. EMY npHnHChiBaiOTC~ pHCYHKH B apceHaAbHbiX KI-IHrax MaKcHMHAHaHa I 15 1 4 r.

ceMb~ AO-

cneiDHHKOB. H. B H A b reA h M CTapliiHH, yr.1ep B

1539. B HAL reALM MAClAlllliHr CbiH BbiiiieHa3BaHHOro, 11p1fABOpHblH AOCIIeiiiHm< KapAa V. MapKa:

6 1.

r 0 AAb

(God!) r ceMb~ pyJK.eHHbiX MaCTepoB. 11Hc6pYK. MHxeAb, OK, 1486.

C T e 4> au, pyJK.eHHbiH MacTep 3HI'M}'HAa T:HpoAbcKoro, 15 0 8-

1529.

493

repMaHHJI

62. foAb (Gol) 3HpHKO, KhHHKOBbiH MacTep. 3A. HeMel..\, pa6oTaBIIIHH TaJOKe B 11crramm. noAffiiCbiBaeTC.H TaKJK.e «Spadero del Rey» H «En Alemania fecit», AMee: «Mi sinnal SantiSmo Crucificio». XVII B.

B.,

MAJ>., n.

6 3. f o A & 6 e ii H (Holbein) faRe, xyAOJKHHK. Ar., Ea3eAb, A. P. 14 9 8 r YM· 15 54. AeAaeT 3CKH3bi opy-

69. fyTe p (Guter), pyJKeit:Hbrn MacTep, H3o6peTaTe.J\.b AyxoBoro PYJK.hll· H., OK. 1560. 7 0. A a K c (Dax) HoraHH feopr, pyJK.eit:Hbrn Macrep. Mx. XVIII B., HaqaAo. n., B. 7 1. A a H H e p (Danner) BoAbQ:>, MacTep-cTBOAbii\HK. H. YM. 15 52.

JKHH.

64. fpHHBaAbT (Grienwalt) MHxe.J\.b, pyJKeHHbi:H Macrep. Ar. (?). OK. 1664. Pa6oTaeT AMI AIDAoBHKaXIV. 65. fpHQ:>3ep (Griefser) feopr, MacTep-AoJK.eB~, Ar. (?). B 1567-1569 rrpH ABOpe MaKcHMHAHaHa II. 66. fpocmeAAb (GroBschedl) paHI..\, AOcrremHHK. AaiJAcxyr. OK. 15 6 8. Pa6oTaeT AMI 6asapcKoro H rnpoAbcKoro ABOPOB. EMY rrpeAfiOAOJKHTe.J\.bHO IIpHHC!AAeJKHT CAeAYJOII\a.H MapKa:

7 2. A a H He p (Danner) PyAOAbQJ, MacTep-cTBOAbii\HK. H. YM. 1 6 2 5. 7 3. A H H r e p (Dinger) KAeMeHTe, Macrep KAHHKOB. Bepo.HTHo, POAOM H3 3A. Pa6oTM TaKJK.e B HcrraHHH. noAfi:HCb: «Clemente Dinger espadero Misignal parajo (Ha 3TOM MecTe ucn.). Anno 1667». n. 74.AHHKeAbMait:ep (Dinckelmayer) Morann AYKac, .MITeifilufK pyJK.e:H, rrncaTeAb. H. 1590-1608. B. 7 5. A H T pH x (Dietrich), MacTep ap6MeToB. B., OK. 1392.

(eM. TaKJK.e IIOA «MOHOrpaMMHCTbl»). 67.

3aroAOBKOM

fpiOHe BaAL A (Grunewald) faHc, AOcrreiiiHHK. H. YM. 15 0 3. MapKa:

76. Ape:Hx cAep (Drechsler, TJK. Dre.Bler, Trechsel, Tresseler), BbiAaiOII\a.HC.SI ceMb.H pyJKeit:HbiX MacrepoB. E a A b T a 3 a p, pyJK.eit:Hbi:H Tep. /lJlA- OK. 1 58 0.

K p H c T o Q:>,

68. fyAAb (Gull) MHxeAb, pyJK.eHHbiH Macrep. fepMaHH.H. XVII B. B.

Mac-

6paT BblilleHa3BaHHoro, pyJK.eit:Hbi:H MacTep, MexaHHK. /lJlA· P. OK. 1550. Pa6oTaeT npH6AH3HTe.J\.bHO AO 16 2 4. noAIIHCbiBaeTc.H: CT, HAH CTMD., HAH CTDEM, HAH JK.e rro.J\.HbiM HMeHeM.

qacn VIII. MacTepa-opyJKeiiHHKH

494

A o p e H ~.

pyJKeHHhiH MacTep, BhiiiieHa3BaHHbiX. AJ>A. no.HBAeTC.H BnepBhle B 1 55 8 r YMHpaeT OK. 1579. OTe~

7 7.

A 10 pep

(Dtlrer) AAh6peXT r xyAOJKHHK, pHcoBa.J\.hii.\HK o6pa3~0B opyJKH.H. H. P. 14 71, YM· 1532. B 15 1 7 AeAaeT AMI MaKCHMHAHaHa I 3CKH3hi MJi cepe6p.HHhiX Aocnexos.

Hopr, OK. 1518.

83. 3 H 6 e H 610 prep (Siebenbilrger) Ba.AeHTHH, AocneiiiHHK. CTM MacTepoM B 15 3 1 r YM· llOC.J\.e 154 7. B., EA., AapMIIIT., 3p6., n.,

3r. MapKa:

I13BeCTHa.H MapKa:

8 4. 3 H r A H H r

(Siegling) Ba.AeHTHH, pyJKeHHhiH MacTep. <l>p., XVIII B.

7 8. 3 a A e A e p (Sadeler) HoraHH, pHcoBa.J\.hii.\HK opyAJfH.

85. 3 HrMa H (Sigmann) feopr, IOBeAHp, qeKaHII.\HK. fepManH.H. A. '

7 9. 3 aM H q (Samitsch) AaHH3.J\.h, pyJKeHHhiH MaCTep. fepMaHIDI. noCTaBII.\HK KOpoA.H <l>epAJfHaHAa I.

1544. 8 0. 3 aHA e p (Sander) .HH, pyJKeHHhiH MaCTep H MaCTep ap6a.AeTOB. faHHOBep, OK. 1669. n.

81. 3 a p y 6 a (Zaruba) AHApeac, pyJKeMHhiH MacTep. 3~. OK. 1 7 0 0.

8 6. 3 o if 3 e H x o cp e p

(Seusenhofer), ceMh.H AocneiiiHHKOB. Hnc6PYK·

f aH C, B 1515 CTaHOBHTC.SI repOAbAMeMCTepoM B Hnc6pYKe, p.

1475, YM· 1555.

H 0 p r,

ChiH BhiiiieHa3RaHHOro, pa6oTaeT AMI cppaHizy3CKoro, HCnaHcKoro HMnepaTopcKoro JV30poB, AO 1558 H Aa.Aee. B., EA., n. MapKa:

n., B.

8 2. 3 e e A 0 C

(Seelos), co6cTBeHHO Po:HTep (Reuter), ceMh.H pyJKeHHhiX MaCTepoB. 11Hc6pYK.

a H C, pa6oTaeT AMI E. B. CHI'H3M}'HAa H AMI HMnepaTopa MaKcHMH.J\HaHa I. OK. 1 4 8 0.

K o H p a A. pa6oTaeT MJJ. MaKcHMH.J\.1-iaHa I, MJJ. AparoHa, Epru-IAeH6ypra H T. A· 1502, YM· 1518. 87. 3 o H3 euxo lfl e p

(Seusenhofer) BH.J\.hreAhM, AocneiiiHHK. Ar. YM.

1547.

495

repMaHHJI

8 8. 3 o A H c (Solis) BHpi'HJ\b, XYAOJKOpHaMeHTaAHCT, pHCOBaJ\.bmHK 3CKH30B pocKOUIHbiX AOCneXOB. H. P. 1514, yM. 1562.

HHK,

8 9. 3 oM Me p (Sommer) HoraHH, pyJKeHHhiH MacTep.

EaM6epr,

OK.

1680.

96. KaHHAT

{Keindt) KAHHKOBhiH MaCTep. noA. XVI B. n.

97. KBaAeK (Qualek) MapTHH, pyJKeHHhiH MacTep. OK. 1 67 0. B. 98. Ke c Te p (Koster) fepapAyc, Te~

9 0. 3 o p r

(Sorg) Hopr, XYAOJKHHK, rpaBep. Ayrc6ypr. CBOeMY mypHHY· AOcneiilHHKy KoAOMalfY XeAbMIIIMHAY· H ero ChllfY Ae3HAepeycy AeAaeT OK. 1560 3CKH3hl AOCnexoB, B TOM liHCAe AMI MaKCHMHAHaHa II. l'v1AJl., EA.

HoraHHec, 3A. nepB.

pYJKeH.

AH-

3MAeH,

OK.

1619. 3. 99. KHHHr (Kinig, TJK. Chinig, B03MOJKHO, H Konig) MaTHac, MacTep YJ<.pameHHH AMI AOcnexoB. l1Hc6pYJ<.. OK. 1560.

100. KH p c 6 a yM (Kirsbaum) HoraHHec, KAHHKOBhiH MacTep. 3A. Hall. XVI B. EA.

H-+

1 0 1. K H <P y c (KiefuB) HoraHH, py-

JKeHHbiH MacTep. CqHTaeTc.si H306peTaTeAeM KOAecHoro 3aMKa. H,

1517. 102. KAeTep (Cloeter), n. H 9 1. 3 y c c e 6 e K K e p

JKeHHhle MacTepa. XVII B. CToK., Kon.

c ..

pyMaHre:HM.

(Sussebecker) MapTHH, pyJKeHHhiH MacTep. /lJJAOK. 1640. 3., Kon.

103. KAeTT (Klett}, MHoroliHCAeHHa.si

9 2. 3 y c T p H c (Sustris) <l>pHApHX, xy-

r a H c - B O·rreHceHe. noAITHCb: H.K Kon.

AOJKHHK. AMcTepAaM, Mx. AeAaeT 3CKH3hl YJ<.pameHH:H AMI AOcnexoB. XVII B.

9 3. l1 A A b (Jll}

./\.ope~,

pyJKeHHbiH MaCTep. Ar. BT. 'noA. XVII B. n.

ceMhll pYJKeHHbiX MaCTepoB:

CTe~aH

H BaAeHTHH 3yAe. OK. 15 8 6. n.. B., APA·

3HrMyHA, OK. 1650.

J. C.

noTCAaMe,

KOH.

XVIII B.

9 4. K a :A: 3 e p (Keiser) feopr, pYJKe:HHhiH MacTep. BeHa. P. 1647, yM. noCAe 173 2. Pa6oTaeT AMI HMnepaTopcKoro ABOpa. B., /lJJA., Kon.,

n. 95. Ka :H 3 e p JKeHHhiH

1660. B.

(Keiser) Kacnap, MaCTep. 3rep,

pyOK.

104. KA.siHH (Klein) Ba:HAbM., KAHHKOBhiH Macrep. 3A. XVI B. Mx., B.,·CTOK.

llacn VIII. MacTepa-opyJK.ei:HHKH

496

105. Ko HAe p

(Keuller) MacTep.

KAHHKOBbiH XVI B. BA.

I<AeMeHC, 3A. KoH.

1 0 6. K on n (Kopp) 3e6aAbA, AHTeHmHK pyJKe:H. Bwp~6ypr. YM. noCAe 1683.

1 0 7. K oTT e p (Kotter) ABrycTHHfC, npo3BaHHhiH Illnapp. (Sparr), pyJKe:HHbi:H MacTep. H. YM. noCAe 1635. B., BA., 3., n., AJlA·

1 0 8 K pay c (Kraus) raHc, MaCTepAOJKeBmHK. B. B 15 6 9 - B npH-

113. Aeifre6e (Leygebe) roTQ>pHA, pe3qHK no JKeAe3y. H. P. 1630, YM· 1683. /J.JlA., Mx. 114. 1\. e Q> A e p (Loffler), ceMMI

AH-

TeHmJiKOB nyrneK. l1Hc6pYK. K pH c To Q> H3 BwKceHXaY3eHa, ChiH raHca KpHCToQ>a. PyJKeHHbiH MacTep PyAOAbQ>a II B npare. B 1568-1593 COCTOHT Ha HMnepaTOpCKOH CAyJK6e. YM. 1623.

ABOPHOM Ha II.

IIITaTe

MaKcHMHAHa-

1 0 9. K p e H r e (Krenge) repMaH, MacTep-AoJKeBmJiK. /J.JlA· PoAOM H3 BoAbQ>eH6IOTie.l\.SI, YM. 1 58 0.

r per 0

p, ChiH neTepa. YM. 1565. l1uc6pYK, Ayrc6ypr. PyJKeHHhrH MacTep KapAa V.

r a H c K pH c T 0 lJl, CbiH rperopa, pa6oTae'I' TaKJKe B rpa~e. B. 0 e T e p, npo3BaHHbiH .1\.aHMJ.rnrep

110. KyAep (Kuler (Woller?)) I<Ae-

(Layminger), H3 CBHroro KpecTa.

MeHc, KJ\HHKOBhiH MaCTep. 3A. «Clemens Kuler en Alemania. Mi sinnal es el navio». (CM. maKJKe pa3AeA «MoHorpaMMHCThl»). l'vfAp.

BpereH~, ll03Aflee l1Hc6PYK· Py-

111. KyxeHpo:HTep (Kuchenreuter), ceMWI pyJKeHHhiX MacTepoB. HoraHH AHApeac, PereHc6ypr, Ha'tlaAO XVIIIB. n., B., AJlA·

JKe:HHbi:H MacTep MaKCHMHAHaHa I. YM. OK. 1520. Be H ~ e A h, 6paT BhlmeHa3BaHHoro. YM. 1528.

115. 1\. H H X apT

(Lienhart) nayAh, pyJKeHHhiH MacTep (AoJKeBmHK?). Mx.,

116. 1\. o 6 e H m p o A

(Lobenschrod) KoHpaA, :KJ\HHKOBhiH MacTep. H. YM. OK. 1592.

11 7. 1\. o :H T H e p (Leuthner), npo3BaHKpHcToQ>. PereHc6ypr. XVIII B. CTOK.

112. 1\. aM a p p e

Haq,

(Lamarre) reHpHx (?), pYJKeHHbiH MacTep. B. XIX B.

B.,

HhiH noAJ\.aK (Pollak) I _rauc, AOcneUIHHK. /J.JlA. B 15 5 1 cTaHoBHTCst OpYJKeHHHKOM KypQ>IOpCTa: pa6oTaeT AMI caKcoHcKoro, 6paHAeH6yprcKoro H mBeACKoro ABOpoB AO 1560.

491

repMBHBJI

118 . .1\. ox He p

(Lochner) 3e6aJ\.bA, AocnemHHK. H. YM. 1550. Kyut~, pe3lJHK no JKeJ\.e3y, AocnemHHK. H. YM. 15 67. Pa6oTaJ\. AMI 3pu;repu;ora MaKCHMHJ\HaHa ABcTPHHcKoro. MapKa: B3Ab16AeHHhiH AeB 0 ASyx XBOCTaX Ha ~HTe B cpopMe Tapqa, B., BT6., CToK., EA., 3p6.

1 2 6. MaT u; e H K on cp (Matzenkl)pf) <l>paHu;, pyJKeHHhiH MaCTep, rpaBep. np. XVII B.

119. Aoxaep (Lochner)

1 27. M a y x e p

(Maucher) HoraHH MHxe.J\b, MaCTep-J\.OJKeB~HK. Il1Be6HTII-fMIOfiA, no3Af1ee BIOpu;6ypr. 1670-1693. Mx.

128. Mayxep (Maucher) KpHcTocp, MaCTep-AOJKeB~HK.

IliBe6HIII-

fMIOfiA, OK. 17 0 0,

12 9. May x e p (Maucher) OeycppHyc, MacTep-AoJKeB~K. Il1Be6HIIIfMIOIJA, OK. 1 67 0.

1 2 0. M a :H p (Mayr) KoHpaA, MacTepAoJKeBIW~K. np. B 157 0 pa6oTaeT MJI. MaKCHMHJ\.HHa n. 1 2 1. M a :H c H e p (Mei8ner) faHc, AHTeH~K pyJKeH. .1\.afiACxyT. nep. llOJ\., XVIB. OK. 1540. Mx.

122. Ma:HmTeTTe p

(Maystetter) faHc, AocnemHHK. Ar., fpau;. B 1520 noAyqaeT 3aKa3hl oT MaKCHMHJ\HaHa I.

12 3. Map K B apT (Marckwart) EapTOJ\.oMeyc,

py)f{eHHbiH

MaCTep.

Ar. YM. 1532:

130. MeMMHHreH

(Memmingen) A6paxaM cpoH, AHTe~ pyJKe:H, nHcaTe.J\b. MeMMHHreH. OK. 14 1 4. Ero KHHra o cpe.HepsepKax HeOAfiOKpaTHO KOTIHpOBaJ\.aCb B XVB.

1 3 1. Me H T e J\. b (Mentel) faHc, pyJKeHHbi:H MaCTep, xyAOJKHHK-rpasep. np. OK. 1650. B., CTOK. .

13 2. Me H u; (Manz) Y .1\bpHx, pYJK.e:HHhiH MacTep. Epa-yHIIIBe:Hr. Pa6oTaeT AMI HMTiepaTopa KapAa VI, OK. 1708. B.

1 3 3. M e p ll (Mertz) MapTHH, AHTe:H124. MapKsapT

(Marquart) MapTHH, IOBeAHp, AOCllemHHK. Ar. OK. 15 6 8 Pa6oTaeT AMI HMnepaTopa MaKCHMHJ\HaHa

125. MaT J\.b (Matl, TJK. Matl) MaTeyc, HIDI.

pYJK.eHHhiH MaCTep. OK. 1661. n., B.

B. :EexaA:K

fepMa-

pyJKe:H, nHcaTe.J\b, AM6epr. B 1425-1476 - Ha cAy)f{6e y KypcpiOpcTa <l>pHApHXa no6eAOHOCHoro. YM. 15 0 1.

1 3 4. M H A H x (Mielich HJ\H Muelich) faHC, pHCOBa.J\b~K 3CKH30B opyJKIDI. Mx. YM. 1572.

'lacn. VIII. Macrepa-opy.MteAHHKH

498

1 3 5. M 11 A o T T a (Milotta), p)')Ke:H~, HhiH MacTep. AJ>A. OK. 1750. /J.J>A·r B.

13 6. Mop a A e c (Morales) RKo6 Ae, no30AOTtiHK opyJiurn. PereHc6ypr. l1cnaHe4; B 15 4 6 - np11 ABOpe KopoAA epAHHaHAa I.

1 37. M o pre H p o T

(Morgenroth) faHc, p)')KeHHbiH MacTep. H., oK.

1600.

14 0. My H c T e H (Munsten) .AHApeac. npeAIJOAOJKHTeAbHO pa60TaA B ToAeAO H l<aAaTai1eAe. CM. M}'HecmeR B pa3AeAe «11cnaHH.sm.

141. MyHCTeH

(Munsten) neTep, K.llliHKOBhiH MacTep. EpaT BhiiiieHil3BaHHoro. 3A., no3AHee A. OK. 15 9 5. MapKH Ha ero K.llliHKax: HHOfAa «AHKapb», HHOfAa BOJ\.K. EA., 3r., n., /J.J>A·r CTOK.

1 3 8. M o y M (Mourn) faRe, K.llliHKOBhiH MacTep. 3ol'illHreH. 1 6 0 01 6 2 5. noAIJHCh: «Hans Mourn me fecit Solingen. Soli Deo Gloria»; MapKa- ABa MaAeHhKHX «s», a TaKJK.e

14 2. M

10 A h He p

(Milliner) nay.J\.IOC, H. YM. B

MacTep-AoJK.eB~.

1598. 139. MyHHX (Munich) neTep, K.JlliHKOBhiH MacTep. 3A. Km-1. XVI B. MapKa: roAoBa enHcKona, CAeAaHHrui rAy60KOH IllTaMIIOBKOH. 3MA., EA.

'M PH

143. H ai1AX a pAT

(Neidhardt) BoAhcpram, AHTe:H~. YAbM. YM.

1598. (Neron) AopeH~ Ae, MacTep 3cpecoa Meqe:H (no30AOT'IHK). np. B llPHABOPHOM . IllTaTe PyAOAhcpa II B 15 68-15 81.

144. HepoH

145. H o M.p a i1Te p

(Neureiter) 11oraHH, pyJK.eHHhiH MaCTep. 34.

XVIIa.,

n., B.

146. 0 6epaKKep (Oberacker) HHKAac, AHTeHuvn< pYJK.eH. 6ypr. OK. 1500.

14 7. 0 6 epA e H Ae p

Ayrc-

(Oberlander) 11oraHH, py:>KeHHhrn MacTep. H. P. 1 6 4 0, YM· 171 4. l13o6peTaTeAb AyxOBhiX pyJK.eH.

499

TepMaHHJI

14 8. 0 6 p em (Obresch,

H.Jlli Obrist) feHpHX, AocnemHHK, MacTep naH1\Hpeii. fpa~. OK. 15 9 0.

MapKa:

15 6,

no 3 T e p (Poeter) KheMeHC 1 KAHHKoBbiH MacTep. 3A. XVII s.

157. necpcpeHxay3ep

149. 0AHr (Olig) faHc, KAHHKOBbiH MacTep. 3A., oK. 1640. B.

(Peffenhauser, TJK. Pellenhauser, Pfeffenhauser) AHToH, AOcnemHHK. Ar. 1566-1594. Pa6oTaeT AMI HMnepaTopcKoro, caKcoHcKoro H HcnaHcKoro ABOPOB. MAp., B., APA路 MapKa:

15 0. n a p a c (Paras) A.Ab6epr (A.Ab6epT?), pyJKeHHbiH MacTep. fepMaHHfl. OK. 1640. MapKa: A.P.

15 1. n aTe p (Pater) feHpHX, KJ\.HHKOBbiH MacTep. 3A. OK. 15 8 0. MapKa:

15 8. n eX (Pech) neTep 1 pyJKeHHLIH MacTep. Mx:路 OK. 15 4 0. Pa6oTaeT AMI HcnaHcKoro ABopa.

15 9. n H c T e p

(Fister) pyJKeHHbiH MacTep. lllMaJ\.bKaJ\.bAeH. XVIII B. 3p6. I

160. n 0.1\.bXaMMe p (Polhammer1 TJK. Polhaimer MA.) faHc, MacTep 152. nay .1\.10 c (Paulus), KJ\.HHKOBbiH MacTep. 3A. OK. 1600. 153. nayAIOC (Paulus) M., MaCTep.1\.0JK.eBII.\HK, pe3l:IHK. 3.1\.bBaHreH, oK. 1697. Mx.

154.

n e rHH ~e p (Pegnitzer), ceMbfl AHTeHII.\HKOB pyJKeH, H. AHApeac CTapmHH. H. B 1543 ornpas.l\.fleTcfl B KyJ\.bM6ax.

Au Ape a c 1549.

H. YM.

MAaAlliHH.

1 55. n e p H H r e p (Peringer)

no YKpameHHflM Aocnexos. 11Hc6pYK. 1547-1564. B., EA., n.

161. n p o H (Preu) .l\.eoHxapT1 MacTep-AoJKeBmHK. H. YM. 1 59 6 . 162. P a iir (Reig) IJ.UiK pyJKeH.

MeAaPAYC~

fpm~.

AHTei1:1 6 8 2-1 6 8 8.

B. 16 3. P a H c e p

(ReiBer) fepMaH, KAHHKOBbiH MacTep. naccay. Haq, XVII B.

ceMbfl .1\.HTeHII.\HKOB pyJKeH. .1\.aiJACXyr. I

3 p x a p T1 yqeHHK 3e6. XHpAepa (eM.). OK. 1550. Mx. .1\.eoHxapT, oK. 1566. B. 32*

164. P e K (Reck, TJK. Regk) feopr 1 pyJKeHHbiH

MacTep.

1782-1796. 3.,

MaHreiiM.

500

qaCT• VIII. MaCTepa-opyxteAIIRKR

165. PeKuareAh (Recknagel) Kac-

173. Poxep

nap, pYJKe:HHblii Macrep. H. YM.

Macrep. CTOK., B.

1632. 1 6 6. P e H (Roen) <l>paHI\HcKyc, AHTe:iru.tHK pyJKeH. rAIOKIIITilAT· OK. 1660. Kon.

1 6 7, p H H r A e p (Ringler) raHC, AOcnelliHHK. H. OK. 15 6 0. B.

(Rocher), pYJKeiiHhiH l<apAC6l1A. XVID B.

174. P IOKKep (ROcker, TJK. Rucker, Ruckarth H ROckert) ToMac, MacTep Meqeii, pe3lJHK no JKeAe3y, MexaHHK. Ayrc6ypr. OK. 1575 pa6oTaeT AMI caKCOHCKoro ABOpa H 1\MI HMTiepaTopa PyAOAhij>a D. /lJ>A·

1 7 5. P 10 4> (Ruef) 16 8. P H c (Ris) KpHcroij>, pyJKeHHhiH MacTep. B. OK. 1 7 50. B. 16 9. PH x T e p (Richter) KoHpaA, AOcnemHHK. Ar. OK. 1550. Pa6oTaeT AMI HMnepaTopcKoro H TH-

cTBo.J\bmHK. 1680. Mx.,

paHI\, MacTep3.1\bBaHreH. OK.

1 7 6. T p e H ~ (Treytz), MHoroqHCAeHHrui ceMbJI AOCITelliHHKOB. 11Hc6-

PYK· AApHaH, 1469-1517. MapKa:

poAhCKoro ABOpoB.

170. PorreH6eprep (Roggenberger) reHpHX, AHTeHmJIK pYJKeH. naccay. B 14 3 6 nepee3JKaeT B Ar.

171. PoKKeu6eprep (Rockenberger, TJK. Rosenberger), CeMhll AOCllelliHHKOB. /lJ>A· faac, B 1543 noAyt.meT npaBa JKHTeAH ropoAa: pa6oTaeT AMI ABOPOB HMnepaTopa, PeiiHcKoro nij>aAb~a. CaKCOHHH H MeKJ\.eH6ypra: ero pa6oThi no.sm.MIIOTCJ~ AO 1570. 3HrMyHA, B 1554 CTaHOBHTCJI AocnemHHKoM. llpHABOpHbiM

1554-1572. 172. PoTmMHA (Rotschmied) MapT., AOCllelliHHK. H. _YM. 15 9 7. B. r.

XpHCTHaH,

oK.

1484,

YM·

1517.

11 o p r, 14 6 9-1 4 7 8. KoHpaA, YM· AO 1469.

1 7 7. y H A 0 H q (Undeutsch) raHC, AOcnemHHK. /lJ>A· OK. 15 6 0. 1 7 8. a ii A h (Feil) rauc, pyJKeHHhiH MdCTep H AOCITelliHHK. /lJ>A-

1576-1592. 1 7 9. e p (Fehr) reopr, ppt<.eiiHhiH MacTep. /lJ>A. OK. 165 0. Kon.

180. <l>HXTHep (Fichtner) HHKoAayc, pyJKeHHhiH MacTep. /lJ>A· OK. 1650. Kon.

18 1. o ii r T (Voigt) Kacrrap, AHTeH11\HK nymeK. /lJ>A· OK. 1549.

TepMaBHJI

18 2. <ll p a y:J H 6 p a :A c

(Frauenbreis, Frauenprei.B) MaTTeyc CTapmH:H, AocrreiiiHHK. Ayrc6ypr. YM. 1549. MapKa:

501

190. X a H c (Hans) MacTep, AOcrremHHK. Ar., OK. 15 5 1. Pa6oTaeT MJI nAHITrra II HcrraHcKoro.

1 91. X apT e A h (Hartel,

HAH Harrtel) HoraHHec, rpaBep. fepMaHH.H. XVII B. fpaBHpYeT 6MJXH pyJKe:HHhiX 3aMKOB. B.

192. XaymKa (Hauschka) C., py18 3. <ll p a y:J H 6 p a :A c (Frauenbreis) MaTTeyc, ChiH BhimeHa3BaHHoro, AOCIIeiiiHHK. Ayrc6ypr. Pa6oTaeT C 1 54 9 llpH6AH3HTeJ\.bHO ITO 15 7 5. MapKa - TaKrui JKe, KaK y orn;a. B., MAJ>.

1 8 4. p e :H (Frey), MHorotrncAeHHrui ceMh.H AHTe:ifiw~KoB pyJKe:H. Mx. Map T H H, AHTeiffi:tHK pyJKe:H, YM路

1605.

JKeHHhiH MaCTep. BoAb<f>eH6IOTTeJ\.b, npara. OK. 1 7 1 0. Pa6oTaeT fl.MI HMrrepaTopcKoro ABopa. B.

1 9 3. X a y 3 p (Hauer) AHToH, xyAoJKHHK-rpaBep. H. OK. 1612. B.

1 9 4. X e i1 A e p (Heyder) HHKoAayc, MacTep-AoJKeBmHK. H. YM. B Haq, XVII B.

195. XeAhMIIIMHA (Helmschmied), HacTonmru~

(Kolman),

1 8 5. p o H H A (Freund), ceMb.H pyJKeHHhiX MacTepoB. feopr KapA H KpHcTmp BHAbfeJ\.bM. ropcTeHay H MloHXeH XVIII B. MHoro pa6oTaAH fl.MI 3p6axcKoro ABOpa. n., 3p6.

<f>aMHAH.H KoAbMaH ceMb.H AocrreiiiHHKOB.

Ar. KoAoMaH, p. 1470, YM路 1532. Pa6oTaeT fl.MI HMrrepaTopcKoro H HcrraHcKoro ABOpoB. MapKa:

186. XaHHI.\6eprep (Heintzberger) KoHpaA, AHTeH11\HK pyJKe:H. p. OK. 1373. roPOACKOH pyJKeHHhiH MacTep. YM. AO 1378.

1 8 7. X a i1 c x a y rr T (Heishaupt) AaHH3Ah, pyJKeHHhiH MacTep. Y AhM. OK. 1780.

1 8 8. X a AHA h (Halil) AeorrOAhA, .1\HTeHII.\HK opyAJi:H. B. 1 7 1 61750. B.

Ae3HAepuyc, ero ChiH. Pa6oTaeT MJ1 HMrrepaTopcKoro H HCrraHcKoro ABOpoB. OK. 15 52. MapKa Ta JKe, qoro y KoAoMaHa.

1 8 9. X a M e p A h

(Hamerl) Ho3e<f>, pyJKeHHLIR MacTep. BeHa. XVIII B.

n., B.

AopeHI.\, 1490. AeA BbiiiieHa3BaHHoro. nplfABOPHhiH AOCIIem-

'lacn VIII. MacTepa-opyJKeiiHHJW

502

HHK MaKCHMHAHaHa I. YM. 15 1 6. MapKa:

Map TH H I. <l>pa:H6epr. 1484, -YM· 1544. Map T H H II. pa:H6epr, AJ>A· P. 1538, YM· 1601.

fpal\,

B o A b «<J, ChiH Mapnma I. paii6epr H APA· P. 1511, YM· 1577. 202. XHHTe p x o :H 3 e.J\.b 196. XeHKe.J\.b KJ\.HHKOBbiH

(Henkel) neTep, MacTep. 3A. OK.

1624.

(Hinterhausel) <l>pHApHX, AHTeH~HK opyAifH. HropH6epr. YM. 1708.

203. XHpAe p (Hirder), ceMh.SI J\.HTemqHKOB opyAJf:H. H.

3 e 6 aA

r a H H c, pyJKe:HHbiH MacT~p. H. BT. noA. XVI B. 3HaK: H.H.

197. X e p J\.b (Horl)

1 9 8. X e p M a H (Hermann) Ba.AeHTHH, MacTep-AoJKeB~K. H. YM. 1598.

bAr yqeHHK M. Mepl\a {eN.). YM. 1563. Ha CAyJK6e <l>plfApHxa, Kypl}:>ropcTa EaBapcKoro ni}Ja.J\.bl\d.

2 0 4. X H p III 4> o r e A h

(Hirschvogel) ABrycTHH, XYAOJKHHK-rpaBep. H., B. P. B H. 1503, YM· B BeHe 1553. Pa6oTaeT AMI ropoAa.

199. Xepo-!\-hA (Herold), o6rnHpHCUI

205. Xo:HMaH

ceMh.SI MacTepoB xyAoJKeCTBeHHOro J\.HTh.SI. H.

HO}KOB~HK,

AHApeac, H, AJ>A· E a.J\.bTa 3 ap CTapiiiH:H.

6 aA

Ta3 ap

Bo.Ab«<J 1693.

n.,

feopr, 3CKHAOcnexoB. H.

30B pocKOIIIHhlX Haq, XVIIB.

206. X on rr (Hopp) 11oraHH, KAHHKo-

MABAIIIHH.

1625, YM· 1683. B.,

(Heumann)

pHCOBa.J\.b~K

BhiH MilCTep. 3A. Haq, XVI B. n.

HepoHHMyc.

YM.

200. XepOAhA (Herold), 3HaMeHHTCUI CeMb.SI pyJKeHHbiX MaCTepoB. AJ>A.

2 0 7. X o rr 4> e p (Hopfer) AaHH3J\.b, xyAoJKHMK, rpaBep. Ar. B 1566 BMecTe c 6paTOM feoproM pa6oTaeT AMI MaKCHMHAHaHa II H AMI HcrraHcKoro ABopa. - YM. 15 9 8.

MAIJ.

EaAbTa3ap. OK. 1690. Kon.

X pH CTHaH, OK. 1670. AJ>A.

201. X HAhr e p

(Hilger), nepBoHaqa.AhHO npo3BaHHbie KaHHerncep (Kannegie.Ber), MHoroqHCJ\.eHHCUI CeMb.SI AHTeiDqHKOB opyAH:i1:.

2 0 8. X o pH (Hom, TJK. Horum) I<AeMeHc, KJ\.HHKOBbiH MaCTep. 3A. Haq, XVI B. B 1 6 2 5 eme JKHB. B., n., EA. MapKa: eAifHOpor, qaCTO BMeCTe C ITOJ\.HbiM HMeHeM H AaTHHCKHM H3peqeHHeM. Ho

503

fepMaHBJI

BCT}JellaiOTC.si Ha ero KAHHKaX H APyTHe MapKH: «BoAK>•, 3 rAy6oKo UITaMIIOBaHHble roAOBhi . MaBpoB, 6peUIHaHCKHe MapKH H T, II.

209. QeAhHep (Zellner), ceMh.si pyJKeHHhiX MacTepoB. 3u;, B.

3CKH30B pocKOIIIHhiX AOcnexoB. H. BT. llOA. XVI B.

2 1 3. Ill B a p u;

(Schwarz) KpHcToq>, XYAOJKHHK. HHrOJ\biiiTaAT. DpnABOPHhiH XYAOJKHHK repu;ora BHJ\breJ\bMa V EaBapcKoro. YM. B 15 94. PHCOBaAbiiJ.HK 3CKH30B YKparneHHH ~ AOcnexoB. B.

Ka:H eTaH, XVIII B.

2 14. Ill B e H K

(Schwenck) HoraHH, pyJK.eHHhiH 1\-taCTep. BHHep-Ho:HrnTaAT. XVII B. K~rr. (Sche~) DeTep, rpaBep ITO MeAH, pHCOBaJ\.biiJ.HK 3CKH30B ~ pocKolliHhiX AOCrrexos. AMcTepAaM. p. B 3Ab6epcpeAhAe B 1645, Yf'-1. OK. 1715.

2 15. Ill e H K K a c rr a p, B. XVIII B. B.

2 16. Ill en K (Schenckh) HoraHH Kac-

p a H ~~ X. HoraHH

3u;. XVIII B.

feopr. 3u;. XVIIIB.

KHAHaH. Pa6oTaeT oK. 1720 B BeHe ~ apxHenHCKorra 3aAbu;6yprcKoro. M a p K y c. 3u;. Ha'l. XVIII B.

2 1 0. Q H AA H (Zilli) MapKyc, py:>KeHHbiH MacTep, cTBOAhii\HK. MeMMHHreH. 1670-1690. Mx. ~11. QoAAep

KAHHKOBhiH 1600. Mx.

212.

(Zoller) MCAbXHop, Ar. OK. MacTep.

(ZOndt) (?) MaTTHac. MOHorp. HarAepa, IV, 1 9 7 1 - IOBeAHp, pHCOBaAbiiJ.HK {410 HAT

nap, pe3'IHK ITO CJ\OHOBOH KOCTH. B. OK. 1 6 6 5 MHoro pa6oTaeT MJl HMTiepaTopcKoro ~opa HaA pocKOIIIHhiM opyJKHeM H OXOTHWibHM cHap.si)f{eHHeM. YM. 1674. B.

2 1 7. Ill H H u; e A h

(Schinzel) 3AHaC, OK. pyJKeHHbiH MacTep. EA. 1680. Korr., EA.

2 1 8. Ill nee (Schn,ee) faHc, AH1'ei1IIJ.HK pyJKei1. Hnc6pYK, BepoHa. YM. 1517.

219. Illrrai\Hpep

(Spazierer), pyJKeHHhiH MaCTep. np. XVIII B. n.

2 2 0. Ill rr e :He p (Speyer) Q>on, MHOro'!HCAeHHa.SI ceMb.SI AOCIIeiiiHHKOB. A.Hna6epr H /:lJ>A·

qacu VIII. MacTepa-opyJKeiiHHKH

504

neT e p CTapnurii. Alrna6epr. OK. 15 6 0 pa6oTaeT AAJ1 caKCOHcKoro, 6paHAeH6yprcKoro H AaTcKoro ABOPOB. EA. MapKa:

P·V· S ~ B o A L 4> CTapiiiHH. AHn:a6epr H AJlA· Pa6oTaeT caKCOHCKHM npHABOPHhiM AocneiiiHHKoM, a TaKJKe AMI THpo.J\.bCKoro ABOpa. YM.

2 2 8. Ill T o K M a p (Stockmar) HoraHH HHKOAayc, pyJKeHHbiH MacTep. XaM:Acpc6ax. OK. 1 7 4 0. AJlA·

229. lllTpaMa.Hp

(Stramayr, HAH Strohmayer) fan:c, xyAoJKHHKrpaBep. B. OK. 1 58 0. Pa6oTaeT AMI 3peyepl.\ora 3pHcTa.

2 3 0. 3 6 e p x a p T (Eberharrt) .HKo6, pyJKeHHhiH

MacTep.

3y.J\.b.

OK.

1590. 231. 3 KKexa PAYC

1580. 221. lllnpHHreHKAee (Springenklee) feopr, HoJKoBmHK, K.J\.HHKOBhiH MaCTep. flaccay. flo3JKe noAyqaeT oT HMnepaTopa KapAa IV co6cTBeHHbiH rep6.

(Eckehardus), IOBe.J\Jip H opyJKeHHhiH MaCTep. r epMaHIDI. Ero HM51 HMeeTC.SI Ha KHHJKMe c 6poH30Bo.H PYKOKrblO X B. B co6paHHH X. fa pTe B Ke.J\.bHe.

2 3 2. 3 Ab 3 ecce p (Elsesser) Bepn:2 2 2. Ill T a :H r e H T e III (Steigentesch) feopr, K.J\.HHKOBbiH OK. 1630. 3.

MilCTep.

3A.

223. lllTaHHBer

(Steinweg) HoraHH, pYJK.eHHbiH MacTep. Mx. OK. 1690. Mx.

224. lllTeHreAb

(Stengel) H.C., rpaBep. B? KoBel\ XVI B. Mx.

2 2 5. Ill T H <PTe p (Stifter) faHc KpHcTo<P, pyJKe:frnbiH MaCTep. flp. Pa6oTaeT oK. 1 6 6 0, rroC.J\.e 1 6 8 4 eme pa6oTaeT. MapKa: .J\.eB. AJlA·· B., CToK., A, n.

xapA, pyJKeHHhiH MaCTep. 11Hc6PYK· B 1 5.7 4-1 58 2 pa6oTaeT AMI HMnepaTopcKoro ABOpa. noAllHCb: E.B. B.

:... 3 3. 3 A b 3 e c c e p

(Elsesser) BHreAHo, 6paT BhiiiieHa3BaHHOro, pyJKelt:HbiH MacTep. 11Hc6PYK· B 15 7.4 pa6oTaeT AMI HMI1CpaTopCKoro ABOpa.

234. 3Mep

(Ehmer, TJK. Eimer) <l>paffi\, CTO.Mip H MaCTep-AoJKeBmHK. XeMHHI.\. OK. 15 7 0. Pa6oTaeT AAJ1 Kyp<PIDpcTa XpHcTHaHa I CaKCOHCKoro.

239. 3HAOP4Jep (Endorfer) Hopr, J\H1'eHII\HK pyJKe:H H3 .Ara. 11Hc6PYK· 1480-1494.

2 2 6. Ill To K M a H (Stockmann) faHc, pyJKeHHbiH

MacTep. AJlA· OK. 15 9 0-1 6 2 1. noAflHCb: H.S.

2 2 7. Ill To K Map

(Slockmar) H.A., pYJK.eHHhiH MacTep. Xa:HAepc6ax noA 3yAeM. XVIII B. AJlA·

236. 3 HI.\H H rep

(Entzinger) HoraHH, pyJKe:HHbi:H MacTep. BaAeH. OK. 1660. B., n.

2 3 7. 3 pH c T (Ernst), ceMbSI pyJKeH-

Mx. Pa6oTaJOT: 1492-1740. 3pHCT, A B.-,

HbiX MacTepoB.

ABrABJI. maeq&JI. AiliiBJI

py)f{eHHbiH Mac·rep. OK. Mx.

17 30.

238. 3pTeJ\.b (Erttel) HoraHH feopr, p~e:HHbiH

MacTep.

AJ>A.

OK.

1680. APA•r B.

505

239. 3m e p (Escher) X. Kacrrap, py)f{eHHbiH MacTep. An. OK. 1 6 6 0. Korr.

240 . .H K o 6 H (Jacobi) HoraHH, AHTe:HII\HK opyAH:H. BJ\.. OK. 1100. n., BA.

2. AHfAM11, lllBEQH.H, AAHH11 (Bars) Aa.BHA, py)f{eHHbiH CToK. OK. 1 7 3 0. APA·

BHpa, CToK. P. 1628, YM· 1685. CTOK.

2. Be :H T (Bate), py)f{eHHbiH MacTep. A. KoHei.t XVIII B. n.

1 1. K o c T e p (Koster) Accropyc BaH Aep XapT, AHTeHII\HK opyAlf:H. Korr. OK. 1680. Korr.

1. B a p c

r.~acTep.

3. B y p 'l' H H r (Burting) n., 1\.HTeihllHK pyJKe:H. <l>occ}'M EpHaBepK. HopBeriDI. OK. 1690. Korr.

4. A a M (Dam) I<Aayc, 1\.HTeHII.VfK opyAlfH. Korr. OK. 1 6 2 0. Kon. 5. K a A b T x o cp cp

(Kalthoff) AoceH MaTTHac, pyJKeHHbiH MacTep. AaHIDI. 1652-1679. Korr.

6. K a J\. b T X 0 cp cp (Kalthoff) ne·rep, pyJKeHHbiH Macrep. AaHIDI. OK. 1646. Kon.

1. K a rr e J\. J\. b (Kapell) feHpHX, pyJKeHHbiH MacTep. Kon. XVII B. CTOK.

8. K J\. a p K (Clark), pyJKe:HHbi:H MacTep. A. XYIIT B. n. 9. K o A b (Kohl) Kacrrap, KAHHKOBbiH MacTep. fapncTpeMeH H BHpa B IllBel.\HH. XVII B. C·roK.

1 0. K o J\. b (Kohl) AaBHA, CbiH BblrneHa3BaHHoro, KAHHKOBbiH MaCTep.

12. Kox (Koch) HoraHH, pyJKeHHbiH Mac•rep H tJ:aCOBIIVIK. CTOK, OK. 1670. CTOK.

13. MaPA (Mard) B., pYJKeHHbiH MacTep. CToK (?). Haq, XVIll B. CTOK.

14. MaTH a c (Mathias) H3 H., J\.HTei1II.VfK opyAlf:H. Korr. OK. 1 55 9. Kon.

15. Me p A o K (Murdoch) X., pyJKe:HHbiH MaC'rep. IlloT.J\iilJAIDI. XVII B.

tvfAp. 1 6. Me I\ r e p (Metzger) HoraHH feopr H MHXe.J\b, pYJKeHHbie MacTepa. CToK. OK. 1 7 50. CToK. 1 7. H a :H Ax a p T (Neidhart) .AJ.w>eac, pyJKe:HHbiH MacTep. Kon. 1 6 3 61 6 50. noAfiHCb: A.N. Korr. (Nusbaum) :A., pyJKeHHbiH MacTep. CToK. OK. 1780. CTOK.

18. Hyc6a yM

qacn VIII. MacTepa-opyJKe:HJmKH

506

MacTep.

25. CTRQJeH (Stephean), py)KeHHhiH MacTep. A. KoHe~ XVIII B. n.

MopHI\ MacTep.

2 6. To M Me 11 (Tommer), py)KeHHbiH MacTep. Kon. 1612-1631, noCTaBII(HK t\aTcKoro ABopa. Kon.

1 9. H y c 6 a y M (Nusbamn) MaTTHac BHHceH~,

pyJKeHHbiH

EpeCAay.

2 0. H y c 6 a y M (Nusbaum) <l>pJIAPHX, pyJKeifi.l.hlii CTOK. OK. 174 7.

2 1. 0 c T e p M a H (Ostermann) <l>pHApHx, pyJKeHHbiH MacTep. Kon. Haq, XVIII B. CToK. MapKa:

2 7. To H He p (Tonner) A., MacTep-Ao)KeBmJ1K. Kon. OK. 161 0-16 3 0. Kon.

2 8. Y HAc o H (Wilson), py)KeHHhiH MacTep. A.. XVIII B. CToK. 2 9.

2 2. Po c e H x e AA h (Rosenhell) H., pyJKeHHbiH MacTep. HoppTeAbre, IliBe{\IDI. OK. 1 7 9 0. CToK. 2 3. P y H A 6 e p r (Rundberg), 6paTMI, py)KeHHble MacTepa. ~HKerriiHHr, IliBe{\IDI, ll03JKe n. XVIII B., KOH. CTOK.

pH Me H

(Freeman) AJK_e:HMc, pyJKeHHhlH NacTep. A.. XVIII B.

AJlA. 3 0.

p y Me H

(Froomen) DHTep, pyJKeHHhiH MaCTep. ~HK.ennHHf. IllBe:u;IDI. KoH. XVIII B. CToK.

31. 1...\HMMepMaH

(Zimmermann) faHc, pyJKeHH.biH MacTep. Kon. KoH. XVII B. CToK.

32. 3 HTQJ eAhAe p 2 4. C Tap 6 y c (Starbus) DeTep, py)KeHHbiH MacTep. AMcTepAaM, no3)Ke B CToK. KoH. XVIIB. CToK., Kon.

(Endtfelder) XaHc BoAbQJ, AHTe~HK opyAJiH. Kon. OK. 1600. Kon.

3. 芦J)PAHQH.H 1. A 6 e p (Haber), py)Keiffihi:H MacTep. HaHcH. OK. 1 6 9 0 pa6oTaeT AMI AloAOBHKa XIV.

2. ApT e H (Artein)

)KaH EaTHCT A',

meBaAbe. A.HTeHmJ1K opyAJiH. AsTop KHHf no cne~HaAbHOCTH. C-rpac6ypr. 1760-1797. B.

3. E ap na 6 o Opy)Kefunn<..

(Bamabo), Macrep. n. OK. 14 0 0.

4. E epa H JK e (Berenger) Ae <l>aAH3, AHTeihlzyiK opyAJIH. Ay3. 16 9 4oK. 1730. 5. E epa H JK e (Berenger) )K,, AHTeiimHK opyAJiH. Ay3. 1759-1801. 6. 6 e p e H

(Berain) )KaH CTapmHH. MacTep opHaMCHToB Ha orHec-rpeAbHOM opyJKHH. DHcaTeAh. n.-P. 1639, YM路 1111. n., CToK.

507

E e p e H (Berain) /KaH MACiAIIIHH. MacTep opHaMeHTOB Ha orHeCTJleAhHOM opyJKHH:. 0HCaTe.Ab.

n. E ep JK e

(Berger) I npaBHAbHO EepJKbe (Bergier) Obep, qacosmH:K H pyJKeHHhiH MaCTep. fpeHo6Ab. OK. 1 6 3 4. Pa6oTaA MJ1 AioAOBHKaXIV.

8. B e p K a H (Bercan, 'l'JK. Berquen) /KaK, J\HTe:iimHK opyAHH. AHon. OK. 1 7 9 0. Pa6oTaeT BMecTe c 6paToM oaAhTa3apoM. B. 9. E e pH a p (Bernard), MaCTep Mel:leH. Y qepHOH fOAOBbl Ha BopoTaX CeH-MHJIIeAh. 3HaK «K coAH~y)), OK. 1750.

1 0. E e p o (Bereau) AHTyau Ae, AHTeHmH:K opyAJiH. CTPac6ypr. 1714-1734. B.

1 7. E y T e (Boutet), AHpeKTop opyJKeHHOH Maeyq>aKTypbi Bepca.ASI. OK. 1soo. n .• CToK. 1 8. E y T H cp a p (Boutifar), MacTep Meqei1:. n. XVIII B. B. 19. Be:Hp11o (Woeiriot) Obep, TJK. Obep Be.HpHo Ae Ey3eH (de Bouzey) r CKYAhnTop, pHCOBa.AbmHK 3CKH30B 3cpecos MJ1 Mel:leH H rnnar. AHoH. P. 1532. noAnHcb: P. Woieriot Lotharingus. 20. B H :He K e H (Villequin) Obep, HoJKOBU~HK. n. OK. 1380. nocTaBmHK KOpOM. 21. fa M 6 e 0 (Gambeo), ceMbSI xyAOJKHHKOB-TaynrnpOBmH:KOB. MAR, A.Hon, n. EaT H c T a, pa6oTaeT BMecTe c 6paTOM l.Je3ape. AeAaeT B oCI-IosHOM 3cpecbi MJ1 rnnar. B 1 54 9 o6a noKJiAaioT AHoH H nocTYOaIOT Ha CAyJK6y K KOpo.JUO.

1 1. B H 3 yap (Bizouard), pYJKeHHhlli MacTep. MapceAh. OK. 1850. Pa6oTaeT ~ TYHHCCKoro 6e~. 12. E H H a r o (Binago) AHToHH Ae, opyJKeifinn<.. .1\.HoH. 1 4 8 2. YM. MeJKAy 1494 H 1498, 13. EAeTTepH: (Bletterie) Ae Aa, pyJKe:iffiblH MaCTep. n. Macrep no opyJKHIO H AYKaM KopoM H npHHI.\eB. OK. 178 5.

l.Je3ape. OK. MJ1 feHpHxa II.

1550 pa6oTaeT

22. fAep (Glerd) H.L., pyJKeHHhiM MaCTep. n. XVIIT B. 2 3.

r 0p

15. 6 pH c ceB HA& (Brisseville) AHpH, CAecapb, pHCOBa.AbmHK 3CKH30B opy.>KIDI, asTop KHHr no cneUHa.AbHocTH. n. OK. 1663.

24.

fp 10 rn e (Gruche), pyJKeMHhiH MaCTep. n. Ha..I. XVIII B. Pa6o'l'aeT MJI KopoM KapAa VI. B.,

16. EypJKya (Bourgeois), pYJKe:HHhiH r.mcTep. AH3be. OK. 1 6 9 0. Pa6oTaeT MJ1 A.IOAOBHKa XIV.

25. fyAe (Goulet) /KaK Ae, pyJKei1_.. HhiH MaCTep. BHTpe. OK. 1 6 8 0. Pa6oTaeT M.JJ. AroAoBH:Ka XIV.

14. E p e 3 e H (Brezin), AHTeiimHK opyMfH. n. OK. 1790-oK. 1812.

B.,

(Gor) /K., reHepaA.bHblH KOMHCCap AHTeHHbiX MaCTepCKHX. n. OK. 1740. n.

Kon.

tiacu VIII. MacTepa-opyJKeAHBKB

508

fy A e (Goulet) )KaH Ae, 6paT BbimeHa3BaHHoro, pyJKeHHbiH MacTep. BHTpe. OK. 1 6 8 0. Pa6oTaeT AMI J'uoAOBHKa XIV.

2 6. A e K a n A e H

(Decaplein), npaBH.hhHo Ae IllanAeH (Le Chapelain) )1(., pyJKeHHbiH MacTep. Illep6yp. OK. 1 6 2 4. Pa6oTaeT AMI J'uoAOBHKa XIV.

2 7, A e c e H (Deseines), TJK.. Ae CeHT (De Saintes), pYJKeHHbiH MacTep. n. OpAHHapHbiH pyJKeHHbiH MacTep Kopo.JUI. OK. 1 7 6 3. B.

2 8. A

(Duclos) <l>paHcya, pyJKeHIIhiH MacTep. n. C 1 6 3 6 pacnoAaraeTc..si B Ayspe BMecTe c nbepoM ByAAeM (Boulle)' TOKapeM H CTOJUipOM KOpOJUI (BepoJITHO, AeAOM 3HaMeHHToro AfiApe By.I\.JUI).

2 9. A

10 K A o

10 M e

H H A h (Dumesnil), npo3BaHHhiH HopM~eM (le Normand), Po6ep, MacTep ap6aAeToB. n. OK. 15 2 8.

3 0. A

10 no H

3 1. A

10 T p

(Dupont) <l>paHcya, KopoAeBCKHH AHTeHmHK opyAHH. .AAJKHp. OK. 1840. e B H A h (Dutrevil), pyJKe:HHhiH MaCTep. n. OK. 1 7 1 0. APA-

3 2. )K a K K a p (Jacquard) AlrryaH, pyJKeHHhiH MacTep, rpasep no MeNi, pHCOBa.l\.bmHK, nyaTbe.

1619-1630. 3 3. )K 10 H K be p (Junquyeres) fmap, AOCneiiiHHK. BopAo. OK. 1 3 7 5.

34. Ka :HoB eAb (Caillovel) )KaH, pyJKeHHbiH MacTep. n (?). OK. 1 6 8 0. Pa6oTaeT AMI J'uoAOBHKa XIV.

35. Ka p o H (Caron) .Ar.t6pya3, .H3 MAR. OpyJKeHHHK, AocnemHHK. BopAo. Cep. XVI B. 3 6. K e A A e p (Keller) , AHTeifi:I:tHK opyAH:H. AY3. OK. 1688. B., n.

37. KoAa (Colas) HHKOAa, pYJK.eHHbiH MacTep. n (?). OK. 1690. Pa6oTaeT AMI J'uoAOBHKa XIV. 3 8. K o A A o M 6 (Collombe) Ae Aa, pyJKeHHbiH MaCTep, pHCOBa.l\.bmHK, aBTOp KHHr no cnel.\Ha.l\.bHOCTH. OK. 1102.

39. KoAoM6o (Colombo), MacTepCTBOAbll\HK. paJmiDI. OK. 1680. 40. KoAb (Col), pyJKeHHhiH MacTep, «OpYJK.eHHHK A/'JI MCl:IU>IX 3a6aB Kopo.JUI». OK. 1754.

4 1. K o p Abe (Cordier) )KaH, rpaBep no COCTaBHbiM qacT..siM pyJKeH. n. OK. 1690.

4 2. K o p M be (Cormier) Tep

ap6aAeToB.

To~m,

AH.>Kbe.

MacOK.

1465. 4 3. K p 10 c H (Cruey), AHTe:HmHK opyAHH. CTpac6ypr. OK. 1809. B .

44. AaKoAAoM6 (Lacollombe), pyJKe:HHbrff MacTep, rpasep. n. OK.

1702 . . 45. AaHre.a,oK

(Languedoc) )1(,, pyJKe:fmbl:H MaCTep. n. XVIll B. APA· noAfiHCb:

Drd.

509

4 6. A a P o w (La Roche). py:>Keiffihi:H MacTep. n. YM. 176 9. Pa6oTaeT

55. M a p H 1.\ (Maritz), ceMb.SI AHTe:HII\HKOB opyAH:H H3 Bepna:

B raAepee .1\.yspa. AJ>A·· B.

C Tap III H :H. CTpac6ypr. l~ho6pe TaTeAh CBepAHAbHoro CTaHKa ~ opyNf:H. OK. 171 0.

4 1. ./\.a p III h e (Larchier) fHHeMeH, AHTeHII\HK opyAJiH. KOpO.I\..SI)), 1396.

«ApTHJV\.epHCT

K o H T (Le Conte). pYJK.e:HHhiH fvlaCTep. n. Pa6oTaeT noCAe )l(aHa BepeHa (eM.). CToK.

11 o raHH

4 8. A e

4 9. ./\. e K y p p

1658. ./\. e K y p p e p (Lecourreur) )l(aH, Chill BbiiiieHa3BaHHoro, pYJK.eHHhiH MacTep. n. C 1 6 58 pacnoAaraeTC.SI B naJ\.e-Po.SIAb. ./\. e K y p p e p (Lecourreur) <l>HAHnn, BfiYK <l>paHcya, pyJKeHIIhiH MaCTep. n. TJK. pacnoMraeTC.SI B naAe-Po.SIAb.

50 . .1\.eAyn (Leloup), TJK. .1\.e .1\.yn (Le

JKe:HHhi:H MacTep, aBTop KHHr no cnel\HaAhHOCTH. n. KopoAeBCKHH pyJK.eHHhiH MacTep. P. 1595, YM· noCAe 1660.

51. Mac c o H (Masson) AheKcaHAPr pe3qHK no JKeAe3y. n. KoH. XVII B. CTOK.

58. Mac c o H (Masson) AHTyaH, pe31.IHK no JK.eAe3y. OpAeaH. YM.

1684.

(Lemoyne) )l(eaH, KJUIHKOBbiH MaCTep. <l>paHWffi. OK. 1600. «MacTep Kopmrno:H IIInarH».

52. ./\.en a JK (Lepage) M.H. pyJKe:HHhiH MacTep. n. Cep. XVIII B. n .•

59. MeHHJ\.h

(Mesnil) Macrep ap6aAeTOB.

Po6ep f¥0, n (?). OK.

1529. 60. MepMaH

AIO neppH (Merment du Perry), opyJKeHHHK. 3Kc. OK. 1448.

Loupe) fH:HoM, MacTep ap6aAeTOB. .1\.HoH. 1 4 1 8-1 4 2 1.

5 1. ./\.eM yaH

Ay3.

56. Map K y (Marcou) paHcya, py-

(Lecourreur) <l>paHcya, pyJKeHHbiH MacTep. n. CHaqaJ\.a pacnoAaraeTc.SI B .1\.yspe, c 1 6 53 B naAe-Po.SIAb. YM.

(MAaAIIIHH)

1130-1118. no3JKe - B faare, OK. 1785. B .• n .• Kon.

61. M e c c o H he (Meissonnier) Ope.J\, pHCOBa.J\bi.I\HK 3CKH30B opy.>KH.H. n. npHABopHbi:H xyAoJKHHK. YM. OK. 1740.

6 2. M H III .1\. e (Michelet). MacTep AyKOB. HoJKaH. OK. 14 0 0. 6 3. H o A H (Noli) )l(aH, KAHHKOBhiH MaCTep. Typ. OK. 1 4 8 8. nocraBII\HK ABopa.

5 3 . ./\. o p p e H (Lorraine) Ae, pyJKe:HHhiH MacTep. BaAaHc. XIII B. APA·

64. 54. Ma3Io (Mazue) MapTeH, pyJKe:HHhiH MacTep. BHTPe. OK. 1 6 1 2. «0pyJKeifl.rnK KopoA.SI».

<l>IUllillll (Aubigny) KopAhe A'· rpasep no MeAH, pHcoBaAb~ 3CKH30B pocKOIIIHOro opy:>KIDI. n. 1633-1665.

06HHLH

510

tiacTI.t VIII. MacTepa-opyJKeHHHKH

6 5. 0 A aHA e (Holandais) Ae, co6cT7 4. BeHHO AAp11aH PeHhe (Reynier), KopoAeBCKI1H pyJKeHHhiH MflCTep, aBTOp KIIHr no cnel(11fu\hHOCTI1. C 172 4 pacnoAaraeTc..si B raAepee _ 15. .1\.YBpa. n. APA·· Kon. ChiH, HODIIII;11H TO JK.e 11f\.UI, TaKJKe KopoAeBCKI1H pyJKeHHhiH Mac1·ep B .1\.YBpe. YM. B 174 3. l1HorAa noAfl:HChiBaiOTC..si coBMeCTHo: .l\.e3 OAaHAe (Les Holandais). 66. 0 III e p (Haucher) Dhep, MacTep ap6a.i\.eTOB. n. OK. 1 4 8 8. 6 7. 0 a JK (Page) Ae, pyJKeHIIhiH MacTep. n. OK. 1800. APA·· n. 68. 0 eAy3 (Pelouse), pyJK.eHHhiH MaCTep, opyJK.eHHHK, n. OK. 1 7 6 0 pa6oTae·r MJl AioAOBI1Ka

XV. 6 9. 0 e p he (Perier), 6paTh..si, .J\HTeHIII;11KI1 opyAJ1H. n. OK. 17 90. B. 7 0. n e c c 0 H H 0 ((Pessonneau) CTaplli11H, pYJKeHHhiH MacTep. J\.:HoH.

XVIII B. 7 1.n 11 A o H (Pilon) )KepMeH, opyJK.eHHHK, Tayrn11pOBIII;11K. n. Cep. XIV B.

72.

n Hp 0

6 (Piraube) EepTpaH, pyJKeMHbiM MaCTep. n. B 1 6 7 0 o60CHOBhiBaeTDI B raAepee .1\.YBpa. B., APA·· .1\.., CToK., BI1HA3., BoJ\hB., B.

7 3. n p e B 0 T 0 (Prevoteau), opyJK.eHHI1K, ~IaCTep Me~e:H. n. OK. 179 0. l13roTaBA:HBaeT np113hi AJ\..si HapoAHhiX npa3AJii1KOB Pecny6J\11KI1.

P a y A & (Raoult), pYJKeMHhiM MaCTep. BepcaAh, MoH. XVIII B. Mx.

Peaap (Renard) .1\.Ylf, upo3Bai-IHLIH CeH-MaAo (Saint-Malo), pyJKeHHhJM MaCTep. «OpyJKeMHI1K 11 XpdHI1TeJ\b KopoAeBCKOfO Ka6HHeTa opYJKRSI». C 164 3 pacnoAaraeTDI B .1\.YBpe. Y~eHI1K cBoero OTl(a Obepa Epa.

7 6. P e H he (Renier) )KaH, pyJKeHHhiM MacTep. n. XVIII B. n. 7 7. P e H he (Renier) H., pYJKefu-Iwii MaCTep. n. XVIIT B. n. 78. C e A b e (Selier) f. Ae, py:>KeHHbiH MaCTep. n. XVIII B. n. 7 9. C e Abe (Selier) <DRJ\.11nn, ppKeHHhiH MaCTep. n. XVIII B. n., B., 3. 8 0. C 11M o He H (Simonin) >Kan, pyJKeih-IhiH Mac1·ep . .1\.IoHeBHAh. OK. 1620. n. 8 1. C n 11 He AA 11 (Spinelli) HI1KOAO, TJK. H11KOAa 113 <DAopeHl(HI1 (Nicolas de Florence) HA11 HHKOAO AI1 <Dopl(ope (Nicolo di Forzore), IOBeAHp . .1\.HoH. AeAaeT Aparol(eHHhie 3cf>ecbJ AJ\..si mnar. OK. 1485. YM. 1499. 82. ToMa (Thomas) KAoA, py:>KeMHhiM MacTep. 3n:HHaJ\h, OK. 1620. 3. 8 3. ToM a c (Thomas) 113 MAR., AOcnelliH11K. MoH. B 1 4 6 6-1 4 7 1 pa6oTaeT AJ\..si .l\JoAOBI1Ka XI. 8 4. T 0 H A e (Tondeux) )KeaH, Ae, MaCTep ap6aAeTOB. n (?). OK. 1 4 8 0. nocTaBIII;11K .l\JOAOBI1Ka XI.

511

8 5. T p e 6 10m e (Trebuchet), B KaqecTBe opYJK.eiD-IHKa ynoMHHaeTDI B «napcHBMe».

pep JK a H (Frerejean), AHTe:H:m;HK opyAfiH. noH-Ae-Bo. OK. 1780. B.

(Thurenne, HAH Thuraine) Ae, KopoAeBCKHH pyJKeHHhiH MaCTep, aBTOp KHHI' ITO cnei..(Ha.J\.bHOCTH. n. OK. 1 6 6 0. nocTaB~HK <f>paHI..(Y3CKoro ABopa. AJ>A·· n. HHorAa noAfiHChiBaeTC.SI BMecTe c chmoM: Les Thuraines. Kon.

8 9. Ill a 3 o

o p q a

9 1. Ill e BaA he (Chevalier) HHKoJ\a, pe3qHK. <l>paHI..(IDI. OK. 1720. B.,

8 6. T 10 p e H H

8 7.

8 8.

(Forcia) <l>paW~ecKo, opYJK.eHHHK, TaymHpoB~K. AHoH. B 1537-1538 pa6oTaeT AMI <l>paHI..(HCKa I.

(Des Chasaux) Ae, pyJKeHHhri1 MilCTep. n. OK. 1790. Pa6oTaeT AMI KoHcyAa EoHanapTa.

9 0. Ill aT o (Chateau,

HAH Chasteau), pyJKeHHhiH MaCTep. n. OK. 1 7 50.

B.,

A··

4. liEAbni.H, HHAEP.1\.AHAbl 1. A ii: (Haye) .1\.yH Ae Aa, MacTep ap6MeToB. Ep10rre. OK. 14 4 0.

YM. 15 8 3. AeAaeT 3CKH3hi )'KpameHHH AMI opyJKHSI.

2. AAeKcaHAP (Alexandre) )KeaH, MacTep ap6MeToB. Ep. 15 2 01530.

8. E peT 0 H (Breton) nbep Ae, MacTep AYKOB . .1\.heJK. OK. 15 3 8.

3. A H pH (Henry), CAecaph. MacTep ap6MeToB. Ep. OK. 1 3 0 4.

KOBhiH MacTep. Ep. OK. 1490.

1 0. BaM 6 e

4. A p T H :H: e p (Artilleur) )KaH A' MaCTep AYKOB. EypryHAIDI. 1400. I

5. E a c c

(Basse) )i(JQ.J\.heH, pyJKeii:HhiH MacTep. Ep. OK. 1 6 2 0.

6. E ere H (Beugen) nHTep BaH, pyJKeHHhiH MacTep. YTPeXT. XVII B. CTOK.

7. E o A h (Bol) XaHc, XYAOJKHHK. MexeAeH,

9. E p 10 r M a H (Brugman) lOr, KAHH-

AHTBepneH, AMcTepAaM.

(Wambaix) nbep, AOcnemHHK. Ep. OK. 1496 pa6oTaeT AMI MaKcHMHAHaHa I.

11. BaTT (Watt) )KeaH, AOCITClliHHK. Ep. OK. 14 9 6 pa6oTaeT AMI repI..(ora.

12. BecTaAh (Vestale) .1\.aHceAoT Ae, AocnemHHK. Ep. OK. 14 6 0 npJiABopHhlli Aocnenrnm<..

13. B H K (Wyk) )KeaH Ae, pYJK.eHHhiH MacTep. YTPeXT. XVIll 8. Kon.

'lacu VIII. MaCTepa-opy&eAHHKB

512

14. B H c c e p o H

(Wisseron) /KeaH, AocneiiiHHK, Ep. B 1423-1440 pa6oTaeT M5J. reprtora.

15. By a

(Voys) /KaK, AocneiiiHHK. Ep. Pa6oTaeT M5J. <l>HAHnna KpacHBoro. MAp., B. MapKa:

1 6.

r e HH

24. 1\.a

nbep (La Pierre), pyJKe:HHbiH MacTep. 路 MaacrpHXT. Kouei\

XVII B.

25. Ae6J\.oH (Leblon), TJK. 1\.e EAoH (Le Blon) MHIIIel\.b, IOBehHp, . pH3CKH30B napaAHOfO opyJKHSI, <J>ypumypbi H T. A路 .Ar.tcTepAaM. P. 1587, YM路 1656. coBaAb~K

26. AoAeKeH (Lodequin) lOr, opyJKe:HHHK. Ep. B 1407-1409 -

(Gheyn) .HKo6 Ae, XYAO)KHHK, opHaMeHTaAHCT, pHcoBaAb~HK 3CKH30B napaAHOfO opyJKIDI. AHTBepneH. P. 1565, YM路 1615.

11. foA (God) )KeaH, MacTep MeT.JeH. Ep. OK. 14 60. 1 8. A a B H A (David), py)KeHHbiH MacTep. .1\beJK. XVIII B. CToK.

19 . .>KHaMMO

(Giammo) /K., pyJKeHHbiH MacTep H3 <l>haHAPHH, pa6oTaeT B A.Hrl\.HH. XVI B. MapKa- rB03Ab.

20. /KeHAepTal\.b

(Gindertale) AaHcel\.oT Ae, npJWopHbi:H ADcnemnHK reprtora. Ep. OK. 14 6 0.

nocTaB~K AHToHa Epa6aHTcKo-

ro.

21. M a A e p 6 (Malherbe) OcKap, py:>KeHHhiH MaCTep. .1\beJK. l13fOTaBJ\.HBaA T.JHHKH. XVIII B. AJlA-

28. Meo (Mehault) /K., MacTep AyKOB. Appac. OK. 1 4 1 9. 2 9. Me paT e

(Merate), ceMbSI AOcrreiiiHHKOB. MhH Ap6ya. fa 6 pH 3 1\. b . C 6paTOM <1> p a HT.J e C K 0 B 1 4 9 5 OTIIpaBJ\.SIIOTCSI Ha CJ\.yJK6y K MaKCHMHAHauy I. Ao 1 50 9 pa6oTaiOT B Ap6ya (<l>MHAPHSI). MapKa:

21. Ka H T (Cant, TJK. Kant) KopHe1\.Hc, pyJKeHHbiH Macrep. A.McTepAaM. XVII B. Korr., n. ceMhll AOcrreiiiHHKOB. Ep10rre, Bal\.aHcbeH.

30. Me p Be :H (Merveilles) /KaK, AOcneiiiHHK. Typ. OK. 15 1 0.

E a 1\. b T a 3 a p c 14 6 8 no 1 410 pa6oTaeT B Ep10rre M5J. reprtora.

. 31. Mepcbe (Mercier) ., pyJKeHHhiH Macrep. .1\beJK. XVIII B. EA.

Bal\.eHTHH oK. 1468 pa6oTaeT B Bal\.aHcbeHe npJiABOpHbiM AOcneiiiHHKOM.

3 2. M o H b o (Moniot) BeHcaH Ae, AOcneiiiHHK. HaMrop. YM. oK. 1632.

22. KopHe (Comet)

fl)O,

2 3. K ocT e p (Coster) KopHel\.Hc, pyJKeHHhiH Macrep. YTpeXT. XVIII B. B., 3.

33. MIOJ\.hAP MacTep

1469.

(Muldre) ap6aAeToB.

AlOKa Ae, Ep. OK.

513

liTaJI.HSI

3 4. H H K e (Niquet) KAoA, pyJKe:fmhiH MaCTep. .l'llieJK. XVIII B. n.

35. n e H Te p M a H (Pentermann), pyJKeHHhiH

MacTep.

YTpexT.

Haq,

43. ToMcoH

H ChiHOBb.H (Tomson & Zoonen), pyJKeiiHbre MaCTepa. PoTTepAaM. nocTaBmHKH Hano.l\eoHa I. n.

44. yp 6 H c c e p

(Fourbisseur) MaThe Ae, opyJKeHHHK. Ep. OK.

XVIII B. 3., B.

3 6. PH K K e p

(Rycker) MapTHH Ae, 1\taCTep. Epmrre. 15 2 0-15 3 0. Pa6oTaJ\. AliJI Kap.l\a V. Kone:ft:HhiH

3 7. P 10 «J> e u

(Ruphin) AM6pya3, AOcrremHHK. Ep. OK. 14 70.

1400. 4 5. p o M o H (Fromont) Mnccen Ae, AOCTieillHIIK. Ep (?). npHABOPHbiH AocnemrrnK repl..\ora. 1438-

1440. 46. X orB o p c T

38. C e.l\b (Ceule) /KaH, pyJKeHHhiH MacTep. YTpexT. XVIII B. Korr.

(Hogvorst) )Kean BaH, MacTep ap6a.l\eToB. MexeAeH. B 15 0 1 - nocTaBII.V1K H.l\1-mna KpacHBoro.

39. CeHT-KaTpnH (St. Catherine)

4 7. ll1 acT e Ah (Chastel) TbeppH, AO-

nbepoH Ae. xyAOJKHHK. .1\wv\b. X YAOJKHHK no AYKaM. OK. 1 3 3 5.

cnemHHK. Ep. np.HABOPHhiH AOcnemHHK <l>HJ\Hnrra Ao6poro.

1432-1433. 4 0. C K p 0

(Scroo) <!>paHCHC, AOcnemHHK. Ep. B 1480-1496npHABOPHhiH AocnemHUK MaKcHMHJ\Haua I.

4 8. 3 :H H o (Haynau) )Kepap Ae, opyJKeHHHK Hlllirma Ao6poro. Ep. OK. 1444.

49. 3TTop 4 1. C 0 J\ H H r e H

(Sohlingen) nHTep BaH, pyJKeHHhiH MacTep. YTpexT. OK. 1760. /lJ>A·

4 2. T a H He p ('"fanner) M.C.D., ChiH, pyJKeHHhiH MacTep. .l'llieJK. OK. 1 7 6 0. nocTaBII\HK raHHOBepCKOro H 6paYHmBeiircKoro ABOPOB. n., 3.

(Ettor, HJ\H Hector?), opyJKeHHHK. <l>.l\afiApiDI. Cq:HTaeTC51 H306peTaTe.l\eM KO.l\eCHOrO 3aMKa. XVI B. (?) (CM. IWK. 3TTope B CTaThe «l1Ta.l\H51».) (Jaghere) ./K.H..7lli KAHHKOBhiH MacTep. feHT.

50. 5I rep e

Ae, OK.

1540.

5. HTAAM.SI 1. A A h 6 e p r oTT H

(Allbergotti) <!>paHqecKO, MaCTep-CTBOJ\bll1,HK. Epei.IIIDI. XVII B. noAIJHCh: F.A.

B. EexuH:M

2. AA h 6 e PAJK e T H (Albergeti), TJK. AAL 6 e pr eTTH (Alberghetti), ceMb51 J\HTeHII\11KOB opyAHH. npoHCXOAHT H3 Macca-HcKaAHM.

qacu VIII. MacTepa-opyJKeiiumm

514

AHTOHHo Opa~wo, J\IITei%:IIViK opyAlfH BeHeWfaHcKoi%: Pecrry6AHKH. P. TaM JKe. XVII B. n.

li aT T H c T a, npo3BaHHhiH A3yaHHe (Zuanne), J\HTeiirrviK opyAHii. <l>A. CbiH A.JK.yAHo. Ha CAYJK6e y epAlfHaHAa II TocKaHcKoro. TJK. pa6oTaeT BMecTe c A,Jf<aH Aa EoAOHh.SI. KoHe~ XVI B.

A}I{ o B a H u H

li aT T u c T a, AH-

Te~HK opyAlfi%:. BH. BHYK CwrH3-

MOlJAO. XVII B. A JK yAH o, BH. XVIB.

AHTeHII\HK

opyAJfi%:.

C H r H 3 M o u A o CTapumi%:, AHTeHII\HK opyAlfii. BH. CbiH craporo AAh6epAJKeTH. B 1 4 8 7 noAyqaeT 3aKa3 oT CeHaTa w pa6oTaeT 3AeCb AO 15 2 4. noTOM OTnpaBJ\.SieTC.SI B Macca-<l>wcKaAHIO noA <l>eppapoi%:. B 15 3 0 ell\e JKHB.

CHr

J\HTeHII\HK opyAlfH. BH. Pa6oTaeT TJK. B AHrAHH. BH. H 3M 0 H AO,

3. A p If B e A b

(Harivel) r J\HTeHII\HK opyAlfH. MoAeHa. OK. 1 7 50. B.

1\liTeHI.I\HK

opyAlfi%:

<l>AopeH~H.SI B

Pecrry6AI1KH

14 9 7-15 1 2.

8. E o i%: .SI (il Boia, «nMati») M. HJ\.h, pyJKeHHhiH MacTep. EpemH.SI. XVII B. MapKa: MeABeJKh.SI Aana c 6YKRdMH M.B.

9. Eo H H 3 o A o

(Bonisolo) AHTOHHO, py>KeHHhiH MacTep. EpemH.SI (?). XVIIB. n.

10. EoyKBepo (Bouquero) 1 AHTei%:ll\HK.OPYAlfH. T. OK. 18.1o. n .• B. 1 1. li h .H u K a p A H (Biancardi) MAaAmwi%: AnTOHHo, AocnemHlfK. M.AH. XVIB. (Valerio) BHHtieH~o, TayrnHpOBII\HK. PwM. OK. 15 2 0 pa6oTaeT AASJ MaHfYaHcKoro ABOpa.

12. BaA e pH o

13. BeHa3oAo (Venasolo) AHTOHHO, pyJKeHHhiH MacTep. EpemHSI. KoH. XVI B. :tvfAp.

14. Be p AHa u H (Verdiani) Pa¢la3Ae, pyJKeHHhiH MacTep. <l>A. CorAacHo neTpHHHI 6biA yqeHHKOM AHTOHHO MeAHtJH. XVII B.

4. li a A H A e (Badile) Ma¢l<}leo, pyJKeHHhiH MacTep. EpemH.SI. KoHe~ XVIIB. n.

15. BH3HH (Visin) PeHaAhAO Ae, Ma-

5. EapToAoMeo

16. fa B a ':1 ':1 o A o (Gavacciolo) A.JK.o-

Aa KpeMoHa (Bartolomeo da Cremona) I ..1\Wrei%:I.I\HK opyAlfii. BH. YM. 14 8 7.

6. EacTHaHo

Ad nwcTOH.SI (Bastiano da Pistoja) 1 MacTepnwcToiffi. XVII B. CTBOAhll\HK. noAJIHCh: B.P.

1 7. EepHapAHHo A AHTonwo AH MHAano (MwccaAbSI?) (Bernardino d'Antonio di Milano (Missaglia?))~

CTep

ap6MeToB.

A3oAo.

OK.

1560. BH. BaHHH AnToHHo, pyJKeHHhiH MacTep1 pe3tiHK no JKeAe3y. EpemiD.I. XVII B. YtieHHK napaTHtiH (eM.). MapKa: cHatiMa G.A.G., noTOM OCBell\eHHhiH COAH~eM opeA C HdAJIHCbiO no Kpyry: «Sole, Sole gaudet>>.

17. fa,A.>KapAo

(Gajardo) A.JK.aKoMeAo, MacTep ap6MeToB. BH. OK.

1400.

lbaAHJI

18. r 11 311 (Ghisi) A,>KoBaHH11 EaTI'11CTa, npo3BaHHhiH MaHryaHo (Mantuano}, a TaKJKe EepTaHo (Bertano), cKy.J\hnTop, qeKaHII\HK. MaHry.SI. P. B Mamye B 1503. YM. TaM JKe B 1575. Ero pYJ<.e npHH<iAJ\.eJKHT 3HaMeHHThiH xyAoJKeCTBeHHhiH 11\HT.

515

2 2. A

JK o PA JK YT T H (Giorgutti) A,>KopAJK.O, KAHHKOBbiH MaCTep. EeAA)'HO. XVI B.

2 3. A 3 on no

(Zoppo), KAHHKOBhiH MacTep. nH3a. Haq, XVII B.

2;4. AwoMeAe

(Diomede), py>KeH:HhiH MacTep. EpeiiiH.si. XVII B. n.

2 5. A o HaT e A A o (Donatello) AoHaTo

19. rHHeAAO HAh,

(Ghinello) MapTHHO TayrnHpOBII\HK. MAR. OK.

1580.

20.

ry.s~no

(Guiano) AopeHI..\0 (so3MOJKHo, rya:HHa (Guaina}); Bepo.SITHO, 6paT AHKH3e H3 MaH'I)'lf, Hoc.s~mero ry JKe cpa.MHAHio, AOcnernHHK. Epeunrn. OK. 1550. n. ~an A pH (Desandri) AJKyaH, KAHHKOBhiH MacTep. EpeiiiH.si (? ). noAfiHCbiBaeTC.si CAOBOM «Scacchi» («maxMaTbi»). EA.

2 1. A e

AH EeTio EapAH no npo3BHI.Izy, cKy.J\hmop, IOBeAHp. <l>A. P. 13 8 3, YM· 14 6 6. AeAaeT TaKJKe 3cpechi MJ1 MeqeH: H mnar. )

26. KaHHO (Caino) nbeTpo, KAHHKOBbiH MacTep. MAR. KoH. XVI B. Pa3Hbie MapKH: KpoMe co6cTBeHHoro HMeHH- TPH 6YJ<.Bhl P.S.M. APyr noA ApyroM; K.J\eHMo, H3o6paJKeHHoe Ha pHc)'HKe; noA)'MeC.sii.\. KAHHKH ero pa6oTbl qacTo llOMe.J\hmaAH. n., B., CTOK., EA.

27. KaMeAHO

(Camelio) BHTiope, opy>KeHHHK. BH, EpeiiiH.si. OK. 15 0 0. J13o6peTaeT AerKHH CTa.J\hHOH cnAaB.

28. KaMnH

(Campi) Ea.pToAoMeo, IOBe...uq>, qeKaHU.\HK, BOeHHbiH HHJKeHcp. MAR. PoAOM H3 ne3apo,

33*

'lacTL VIII. MacTepa-opyJKeiiHHKH

516

no APYJ'HM HcToqHHK.aM H3 KpeMOHbi. CAyJKHT BeneQ,HaHCKOM Pecny6JlliKe H repQ.ory fBHA06aAbAY II Yp6HHCKoMy, noToM feHpMxy II paHQ.)'3CKOMY· Ha C.J\.yJK6e y <l>l1J\Hnna Ill1cnaHcKoro noA Haqa.J\.oM repQ.ora .AAh6bl, JMHpaeT nOA fapAeMOM B 1 5 7 3. l13BeCTeH 11\HT C qeKaHHblM pHCJHKOM ero pa6oThi, CAeAaHHbiM OK. 15 50 AMI KapAa V. OoAflHChiBaeTc51: B.C.F. H G.G.

3 6. K oM H H a Q. Q. o (Cominazzo), 3HaMeHHTa51 CeMb51 CTBO.J\.bJIJ;HKOB. Epemlf51, fapAoHe.

A a A 3 a pH H o, f\1AaAIDHM. noAnHCblBa.J\.CH: La t.arino Cominazzo. YM. B 16 9 6 B fapAoHe. B., EA., n., APA·r BH., l'viAp., Mx., CToK., 3., Kon.

A a A 3 a p o CTapmH:H. OoAflHChiBaAC51:

Lazari

Cominaz.

OK.

1620. B.

l'v1Ap. 29. KaHH (Cani) Be1-rrypa, py>KeMHhiM

MacTep.

1630.

Epeunrn

(?).

OK.

3 8. Kh e 3 a (Chiesa) OoMneo Ae.J\..J\.a,

3 0. K a 11 To H H

(Cantoni) EepHapAHHO, AocnemHHK. MAR. OK. 1500 pa6oTaeT AMI HMnepaTopa MaKCHMli.MiaHa I. l'viAp.

3 1. K a p a BaA JK o (Caravaggio), l1J\M Ka.J\.bAapa (Caldara) noJlliAope Ae. XYAO.>KHHK. Heano.J\.b. YqeHHK Pacpa3.JUI. OK. 1 5 3 0 CAeAaA MHoro 3CKH30B AMI 3cpecoB mnar.

32. KapeMOAO

AH MoApOHe (Caremolo di Modrone), AOCnemHHK. Mm-ITy-51. Pa6oTaeT AMI HCnaHcKoro H MaHTy-aHCKOI'O fl)30pOB. P. 1489, YM· 1543.

3 3. K a cp cp H

(Caffi) 1\.opeHQ.O, pyJKeMHhiM r.mcTep. l1TaAH51. OK. 1620. Pa6oTaeT AMI .1\roAOBHKa

XIV. 3 4. K oM H H a Q. Q. o (Cominazzo)

AHA-

JKeAo J\..a.A3apHHO, MaCTep-CTBO.J\.b11\HK. fapAoHe. XVI B. l'viAp.

3 5. K oM :u H a Q. Q. o (Cominazzo) EapTOAO, MacTep-cTBOAhll\HK. mlf51. OK. 18 0 4. l'viAp.

3 7. K o H T H (Conti) HHKOAO Ae, 1\.MTeMII\HK opyAHi1. BH. OK. 1570.

Epe-

KopoAeBCKHM AOCnemHMK, qeKaH11\HK, TaymHpOBII\HK. MAR. OK. 15 9 0 pa6oTaeT AMI RcnaHcKoro fl)3opa. T., B.

3 9. 1\. a A 3 a pH H o

(Lazarino)

eM.

KoMRHaQ.Q.O.

4 0. 1\. a A 3 a pH H o

(Lazarino) .l\.aA3apo, MacTep-cTBO.J\.bll\HK. Epemlf51. noAflHCh: «Zaro Zarino». KoH.

XVII B. B., 0. 4 1. 1\. a H H (Lani), 6paTb51, qeKaHII\11KH, TaymHpOBIIJ;HKH. <l:>A. AApHaHo, oK. 1530. AAYHAJKH.

42. AeMeTp (Lemaitre) fyAhe.J\.bMo, no npoHCXOJKAeHHIO cppaHQ,y3, np03Bai-IHblM «Be.J\.RKHM MacTep» («il gran Maestro»), pe3lfl1K no JKeAe3y B opy:>KeMHOM AeAe. <t>A. Haq, XVII B. Pa6oTaeT AMI Ko3HMO II MeAWJH.

4 3. 1\. e pM e (Lerme), pyJKeMHhiM MacTep. Epemlf51. XVIII B. B:

511

HTaAH.H

44 . .1\.onec

(Lopez) <l>paHCI1CKo, KAI1HKOBhiH MaCTep. HeaTIOAh. KoH. XVl B. Kon.

TaeT AA51 A>K.ylUfaHO KoH. XVB.

5 3. M 11 c c a A h R (Missaglia) Aa. co64 5 . A o p e H u; o H 11 (Lorenzoni) M.HKeAe, py>KeHHhiH MacTep. <l>A. Ha~. XVlll B. 3Hal\IeH11ThiH KOHCTPYKTop. B., Kon.

4 6. M a A 3 a p o A 11 (Mazzaroli) A>Ko-

CTBeHHO Herpo.JUI (Negroli), ceMb.SI opy>KeHHHKOB. MAH: ChlH ToMa3o. np11ABOpHbiH AOcneiiiHI1K repu;ora. YM. noCAe 14 9 2. MapKH:

AliTOHHO,

BaH~I1 MAaAIIIHH, py>KeHHhiH r.~a足

CTep. BH. OK. 1 7 0 8. Kon.

4 7. M a A 3 a p o A 11 (Maizaroli) <l>paH~ecKo CTapiii11H, py>KeHHhiH Mac-

Tep. BH. OK. Kon.

16 7 0. B., 1...\apcK.,

4 8. M a p K e T T H (Marchetti) <l>HAI1llno, MacTep-cTBOAh~HK. Epennm. Km-Ieu; XVl B. 00Afii1ChiRaeTC.H co6cTBeHHhiM 11MeHeM.

neT p a A }K. 0 A o, llpJ1ABOpHbiH AOcneiiiHI1K repu;ora. OK. 13 90. MapKH:

49. M a Tl1 H n 11 AHTa H H 11 (Matinni Antanni), KAHHKOBhiH MacTep. l1TaAIDI. MacTep AHTOHI10 MapTI1HM HMI Mapnmo AHTmm. Pa6oTaeT OK. 15 50. MapKa roAoBa MaBpa B Kopone. B.

ToM a 3 o, npHABopHhlH AocnernHI1K repu;ora. YMep, BepoRTHO, R 1 4 6 8. MapKH noxo>KI1 Ha MapK11 neT}JCiA)KOAO. Pa6oTaeT AA5I n<}:>aAbiJ;CKoro ABOpa.

50. M a KeHHhiH MacTep. EpeiiiiDI. XVll B. n. 51. M a lfl lfl u a

(Maffia),

r.mcTep-

CTBOAh~I1K. DI1CTOH51. OK.

5 4. M 11 T H a H 0 (Mitiano), KAMHKOBhii1 MacTep. Apeu;u;o. Ha~. XVll B. Ero KAHHKH C~I1TaiOTCR OAJ-IHMI1 113 A~Illi1X KAI1HKOB 11TaAb.SIHCKOfO llp0113BOACTBa.

1 59 0.

l13BeCTeH CBOHMH Ai\11HHhiMH CTBOAaMH (AO 1 0 AOKTeH). noAf! l1Ch: M.P.

52. MHKeAaHhOAO (Michelagnolo) BI1BI1aHI1, AOcneiiiHI1K. <l>A. Pa6o-

OJ\. a (Mala) racnapo, IOBeAHp, MeAru\.bep, opy>Kei1H11K. MAR. Po-

55. M

AJ-IAC.H

EpeAho. Pa6oTaeT Af\JI

caBOHCKOfO H QJAOpCHTI1HCKOfO ABOPOB. YM. 1 6 4 0 B P11Me. noAIIHCh: G.M.F. <l>A.

tJ:acTJa VIII. MacTepa-opyxeiiHHKH

518

56. MoTTa

(Motta) A>t<oBaHHH, KAHHKOBhlH MacTep. HearroAh (?). Cep. XV1 B. Korr.

57. MyTTH (Mutti) G.J.F., MacTepCTBOAhiiJ;HK. I1Ta.J\.IDI, MapKH: JKHpacp, 3Be3Af>I H Apyrne 3HaKH.

60. HepoH (Neron) AaMHaHYC Ae, opyJKeHHHK, TayrnHpoBm;HK. BH. OK. 15 50. TaK MOJKHo pacrnHcppoBaTh HM.H MaCTepa ITO HdAflHCH DAMIANVS.DE Ha 路. lllrrare: NERVE. B.

6 1. n a p a c (Mutto) A>t<epoHHMO, 11TaAH.H. MaCTep.

(Paras) Ahb6epr (Ahb6epT) r HJ1AepAaHAeu;. CorAaCHO neTpHHH BbiAaiOIIJ;HHC.H KAHHKOBhiH MaCTep. <l>A (?). XV1 B. noAflHCh: A.P.

5 9. H e r p o A H (Negroli), ceMh.H opy-

6 2. 0 a paTH 'lJ H (Paratici) naTTHCTH-

APA路 58. MyTTO pyJKeHHhiH XV1IIB. n.

JK.eHHHKOB. 113 ceMhH MHCCdAb.H.

MAR.

芦ll p a H 'lJ e c K o pa6oTaeT MJ1 HM-

HO, pYJK.eHHhiH MacTep. EpernH.H. Pa6oTa.A TaKJKe BO <l>AopeHu;HH. Haq, XV11 B. MapKa:

nepaTopcKoro H MaHTYaHcKoro ABOPOB. CocTOHT B rrplfABopHOM 15 4 9IIITaTe HMIIepaTopa.

1551.

MAIJ.

A JK a K oM o,

6paT BhillleHa3BaHHoro. MapKa - KaK y <l>HAHnrra, C IIOAHhiM HMeHeM.

芦Jl H A H D D,

6paT BhillleHa3BaHHhiX. Pa6oTaeT MJ1 HMrrepaTopcKoro ABOpa, MJ1 <l>paHI\HH H MJI repu;oroB CaBoiicKoro H Yp6HHcKoro. B OCHOBHOM BMeCTe C 6paTOM A>t<aKOMO, 15 3 0-15 9 0,

MA!J.,

6 3. nap H A )f{ H H 0 (Parigino) A}l{aH, pyJKeHHhrH MacTep. <l>AopeHIJ;H.H, KoHeu; XV1 B. MapKa AHAH.H; Ha m;HTe TaKJKe 6YKBhi G.P.

6 4, n aT p o A a y C (Patrolaus), KJ\.HHKOBhiH MacTep. 11TaAH.H (?). XV B.

DA. 65. neApO AH HanoAH (Pedro di Napoli) r KJ\.HHKOBhiH MaCTep. HearroAh. KoH. XV1 B. Korr.

6 6. neT pH H H (Petrini) A}l{y3errrre, opyJK.eHHHK. <l>A. nplfABOpHbi:H xyAO}l{HHK Ko3HMO II Me~H. nepB. IIOA. XV11 B.

6 7. n H 3 a H 0

(Pisano) BHTTOpe, CKYAhiiTOp, apXHTeKTOp. nH3a, <l>A, BH. PHcyeT MOAe.AH rrymeK. YM. 1345.

519

H._TaAHJI

6 8. n H A A H A 3 o H e (Pillizone), co6cTBeHHO neAJ\HA30HH (Pellizoni), paHqecKo, npo3BaHHhiH HJ\h Eacco (il Basso, «HH3KHH»), Taynrn:poBII\HK. MAR. XVI B.

6 9.

p e A e pH r o, ChiH BbiiiieHa3BaHHoro, KAHHKOBbiH MaCTep. noCAe 1600 e~e pa6oTaeT. n., /lJlA., X. MapKn:

ll H pH n e (Piripe), ll03JK.e nH<t>a-

HHO (Pifanio) r CTe<t>aHo, npo3BaHHbiH TaqHTo (Tacita, «MoAqaAHBhiH») r qeKaHII\HK. OK. 1 55 0 pa6oTaeT MJ1 <l:>AopeHTHHCKoro ABOpa H MJ1 Yp6HHo. J..\apcK.

70.

(Piccinino), CeMMI opyJKeHHHKOB. MAR.

llH1J1JHHHHO

A H To H H o, KAMHKOBbiH MacTep. P. 1509, YM· 1589. B., n., Mx., l'vfAp., BH., EA., A. A 10 1J H o, MAa.NIIHH 6paT BhiiiieHa3BaHHoro, OpYJKeHiffiK, qeKaH~K, TaYIIIHPOB~HK. MAH. CbiH AHToHHo. B 15 5 0-15 7 0 pa6oTaeT MJ1 KapAa V H .AAeccaHA}Jo apHe3e. B., EA., J..\apcK.

7 1. n be p y c

(Pierus), KAHHKOBbiH MacTep. PHM (?). OK. 1446. Pa6oTaeT MJ1 nallhi EBreHnJI IV. KAe:H:Mo: «Pierus ne fece».

72. n b.SITTH (Piatti) EapTO.i\OMeo, TaYIIIHPOB~K. MAR. OK. 15 60. qeKa~HK no opy<l>A. Pa6oTaeT MJ1 fBHA06aAbAa II Yp6HHcKoro. CorAacHo neTPHHH, CbiH H)'MLI Ea6HAOHHKO (?).

7 3. P en a (Repa), JKHIO.

KAe:HMo oTQ.a

f!il

I<AeHMO Cbiiia

7 4. P .H B o A b T a (Rivolta) H., KAHHKoBhiH MaCTep. MAR. noAfiHCh: <de Rivolta di Milano alia Corona».

7 5. p H ~ ~ 0

(Rizzo) naoAO, BCTPeqaeTCJI TaKJKe llOA HMeHeM nao.i\o .AA3HMHHa (Paolo Azziinina), Taynrn:poB~K. BH. OK. 15 8 0. BH.

qacu VIII. MaCTepa-opy>KeimHKH

520

7 6. Po Me p o

8 6.

7 7. C e p a 6 a A b

Sl (Serabaglia) A;>KoBaHHH B., H3 ceMhH BycTH (Busti), opYJKeHHHK, TaymHpoBmHK. MAR. OK. 15 6 0. Pa6oTaeT MJJ. 3pu;repu;ora <l>epAHffaHAa THpo.J\.hcKoro.

8 7. «J) H A JK H H 0 (Figino) /l;>KoBaHHH nheTpO, TaymHpOBmlfK. MAR. OK. 1540. CorAacHo Morigia Nobilita di Milano- n3o6peTaTe.J\.h (!) HCKyccTBa TaymHpOBKH.

78. CepacpHHO (Serafino), npo3BaH-

8 8. <1> p a H q H H H (Francini) BapTOAHH,

HhiH BpemaHo (Bresciano), opyJKeHHHK, TaymHpOBmHK. BpemRSI. OK. 1 54 0 pa6oTaeT MJJ. <l>paHu;HCKa I <l>paHu;y3cKoro.

pyJKeHHhiH MacTep. <l>A. XVII B. <l>paHu;y3. noAIIHCh B.F. H H3o6paJK.eHHe cpeHHKCa Ha mHTe.

(Romero) AHTOHHO, AocnemHHK. MAR. OK. 15 9 0. Pa6oTaeT MJJ. AAhcpoHco A'3cTe, repu;ora <l>eppapcKoro.

7 9. C H p pH K o

(Sirrico) nHppo (nbeTpo) r opYJKeHHHK. <l>A. OK. 15 50 pa6oTaeT MJJ. KapAa V.

«J) e p pap a

(Ferrara) AJKafiAOHaTo, 6paT BhlilleHa3BaHHoro. BeAAYHO. 1560. noAIIHCh: Zandona. B., APA-r BA., CTOK,

89. <l>paHtiHHO (Francino), 3HaMeHHTa.R ceMh.SI cTBoAhmHKoB. BpemRSI.

AAe ccaHApo. XVIII B. APA-

8 0. C

II a

q H H H (Spacini) HepoHHMYC, tieKaHmHK. MAR., 6oAoHeu;. OK. 15 50 pa6oTaeT MJJ. KapAa V.

8 1. T y p K 0 He

(Turcone) noMIIeO, tieKaH:mHK. MAR. OK. 15 8 0.

82. <l>eAAHtiaHo

(Felliciano) pyJKeHHhiH MacTep. BepoHa. CorAacHo neTpHHH, OT.J\.HtiHhiH MaCTep. 3HaK - coAH:u;e. KoHeu; XVI B.

8 3. e p a M o c K a (Feramosca) J4e3apb, IOBeAHp. 11TaARSI. AeAaeT 6oraTo YKPameHHhiH Meq MJJ. KapAa V B 1524.

8 4.

«J) e

p p a H T e (Ferrante) BeAAHHo, qeKaHmHK, TaymHpoBmHK. MAR. OK. 1570.

85.

«J) e p pap a

(Ferrara) AlJApea, KAHHKOBhiH MacTep. BeAAyHo. P. OK. 1530, YM· noCAe 1583. B., APA·r n., CTOK.

KAayAHO, KAHHKOBhrn MacTep. BpemRSI. Haq, XVIII B. AJKepoHHMO. XVIIIB. APA· /l;>KoBaHHH. noAIIHCh: G.F. 1640. B.,_ AM6p., rvfAp., n.

OK.

9 0. y p M H r a H o (Furmigano) <l>opMHKaHo (Formicano?) nheTpo AHTOHHO, KAHHKOBhiH MaCTep. naAY.SI· OK. 15 7 0. 11cnoAh30BaA MapKy XyaHa MapTHHeca CTapmero. B.

91. q e H H H (Cenni) Ko3HMO, AHTe:HmHK opyAlfH. <l>A. CAYJKHT Ko3HMo MeAHtJH Bo <l>AopeHu;HH, rAe H pa3BHBaeT o6mHpH)'IO Ae.SITe.J\.hHOCTh. OAHH H3 AYtJillHX AHTei1:mHKoB OPYAHH Toro BpeMeHH. Pa6oTaeT OK, 1 6 3 0. <l>A.

92. q ea3 o pH (Censori), BhiAaiOma.SIC.SI CeMWJ AHTe~OB OPYAHH·

HcnaHHJI, DopryrBAHJI

521

A H K H 3 e, ebiH Opau;Ho. PoAJfAC.SI B EoAOHbe. OK. 15 50 pa6oTaeT B MoAeHe.

94. l..JHHaAbTH

A>KoBaHHH EaTTH eTa. OK. 1 6 3 0 pa6oTaeT B eppape.

95. 3TTope (Ettore), pyJKeifm.t fl Ma-

0 p a u; H o. PoAJfAe.SI B EoAoHhe. PHM. BT. 110A. XVI B.

9 3. l..J H B o (Civo) EepHapAO, AOel1eiiiHHK. MAH. YtJeHHK (eM.). OK. 1560.

(Cinalti) CTapiiiHH, K.J\HHKOBbiH MaeTep. nH3a. KOI-1. XVI B. eTep. EpeiiiH.SI. CorAaeHO neTpHHH, HeMeu;. 3a eBOH 3HaMeHHTble KOAeeHble 3aMKH IIp03BaH il gran Maestro da Brescia (芦BeAHKHH MaeTep H3 EpeiiiHH禄). KoH. XVl B. noAIIHei,: H.T.

Eb.SIHKapAJf

6. HCllAHHR.UOPTITAAHR 5. AryaAo

IIIHpOBII..l,HK. He11aHH.SI. npHABopHbiH XYAOJKHHK KapAa V. 154 "1-

(Aguado) Amrrye, ebm XyaHa MYTeAO, K.J\HHKOBhiH MaeTep. ToAeAo, CaH-I<AeMeHTe. OK.

1548.

1560.

1. A B H A a (Avila) a6Haeye Ae, Tay-

2. A r H p p e (Aguirre) AoMuHro, ebiH HHKoAaea CTaprnero (eM. HtV.Ke),

MAJ>.

Hei10J\b30Ba.J\. ero MapKH, a TaKJKe cpeHHKea,

6. AHSIAa

(Ayala) ToMae, KAHHKoBbiH MaeTep. ToAeAO. nepBa.SI 110A. XVII B. npeAIIOAOJKHTeAM-10 pa60Ta.J\. B 1615-1625. B., n., APA路路 EA., T. MapKH:

3. A r H p p e

(Aguirre) OpT)'Ho Ae, HHKoAae, CTapiiiHH, K.J\HHKOBbiH MaeTep. ToAeAo. OK. 15 80.

7. A A b K a A o (Aleado) K., K.J\HHKO-

4. ArHppe

(Aguirre) OpryHo Ae, .HHKoAae, MA<lAlliHH, K.J\HHKOBbiH MaeTcp. ToAeAo. OK. 16 3 0. EA., MAp., B., CTOK.

BbiH NaeTep. ToAeAo. Pa6oTaA TJK. B Ky3Ahe H EilAaxoee. Hati. XVII B.

522

'IaCTJa VIII. MaCTepa-opyJK.eHHBKB

8. A A b M a H (Alman) XHAb Ae, sepo.HTHO Ae AA.eMaHHa, 6paT XyaHa (eM. HIDKe), KAHHKOBbiH MacTep. ToAeAo. OK. 1560. MapKa, KaK y HHJKeHa3BaHHoro.

9. AAbMaH (Alman) Xyan Ae, Bepo.HTHO Ae A.l\.eMaHHa, KAHHKOBbiH Macrep. ToAeAo. OK. 1550. MapKa - ABe 3Be3Abl:

14. BaAb6acTpo (Balbastro), MacTep ap6aAeTOB. MoHcoH roH). OK. 15 3 0.

(Apa-

1 5. B a A b e c T e p o c

(Ballesteros) <l>paHcHcKo, AHTeii:mHK opyAMH. MAP路 OK. 1620. MAp.

16. Be A

H (Belen) X yaH, pyJKeHHbiii MacTep. MAP路 OK. 16 8 0. MAP路

1 7. BeAeH (Belen) X yaH, pyJKeHHbiH MacTep. BapceAoHa. OK. 1690. Pa6oTaeT MJI KapAa II. MapKa: AeB Ha 3aAHJiX Aanax.

1 0. A A b K a c e c

(Alcazes) <l>paHcHcKo Ae. I<AHHKOBbiH MacTep. ToAeAo. Pa6oTaA TaKJKe B MA!J. KoH. XVIs.

18. B H c (Bis) HHKOAac, pyJKeHHbiH MacTep. MA!J. OK. 1730. MA!J., APA路 Mapi{H: Kpecr, Aep.>KaBa, qeTbipe 30AOThiX AHCTKa, a TaKJKe:

11. ApeqHra (Arechiga), Aqera (Achega) neAPO Ae. KAHHKOBbiH MacTep. ToAeAo. Haq, XVII B. BMecTe c TOAeACKHM KAeii:MoM CTaBHA CA.eAYJOIIzyiO MapKy:

19. B H c

(Bis) <l>paHcHcKo, pYJKe:HHbiH MacTep. MAp. OK. 1730. CorAacHo MapKe3M, HeMe~.\. MA!J.

12. ApMeHTa (Armenta) Xoce Ae, pyJKeHHhiH MacTep. CbiDAilA Ae Aoc AHxeAoc (MeKcHKa). OK. 1705. MAp.

1 3. A c K o M: T H a

(Azcoitia), ceMb.H MacTepos ap6aAeTOB. MAP (?). CTapbiH. OK. 1550. KpHcTo6aAb, Ae. OK. 1590. X yaH.

20. BAaHKO (Blanco)

XyaH CTapmHH, MacTep ap6aAeTOB. HcrraHIDI. OK. 1550.

2 1. By c T H HAy M: (Bustindui) CaHToc, pyJKeHHhiH

MA!J.

Mac~ep.

BaAeHcH.SI.

Hc:;oaHRJI, nopTyrBABJI

22. :SycTHHAYH

(Bustindui) XyaH 3cTe6aH, pyJK.eHHbiH M:acTep. 3:H6ap. OK. 1800. n., B., -l\.1Ap.

2 7.

523

r a H .SI

(Gaya) ToMaC, KJ\.HHKOBbiH MacTep. ToAeAo. Haq, XVII B. Bepo.SITHO, npaBHJ\.bHee ToMac

Aiffi.ha (eM.).

2 3. By c T n H A y:H (Bustindiui) Xycene, pyJK.eHHbiH MaCTep. CIDI. B. MapKa:

BaAeH-

2 8. f

0 Me C (Gomez) <l>pnHCHCKO, KJ\.HHKOBbiH MacTep. ToAeAo. KoH. XVIB.

29. foMec

(Gomez) Xycene, CbiH <l>paHCHCKO, KJ\.HHKOBbiH MaCTep. ToAeAo. Haq, XVII B.

24. B eAbM oHTe (Velmonte) 路A)'Hc Ae, CbiH neApO, I<J\.HHKOBbiH MaCTep. Tol\eAo. XVII B. 11cnol\.b3YeT MapKy OT:qa.

3 0.

3 1.

A e A a o pTa

25. B eAbM OHTe (Velmonte) neApO Ae, KAHHKOBbiH MacTep. ToAeAO.

J!J~1W1f 庐

Hc a A 0 (Gonzalo) CHMOH, I<AHHKOBbiH MacTep. Tol\eAo. OK. 1 6 1 7. MapKa - 11.\HT c 6YJ<BOH

(Delaorta) XoaHHec, TaKJK.e Ael\a OpTa (dela Horta), KJ\.HHKOBbiH MacTep. HcnaiUI.SI. OK. 1545.

3 2. MapKa MacTepa c TeM JK.e HMeHeM, pa6oTaamero TorAa JKe:

2 6. B e H T y p a (Ventura) f楼iero, pyJK.eHHbiH MacTep. l\.1Ap. OK. 1720. B., AJ>A路 MapKH: co6aKa, KpecT H AeB.SITb ..1\lfl\HH.

3 3.

A o .M H H r o

(Domingo) CTapmn:H, KJ\.HHKOBbiH MacTep. ToAeAo. BT. llOA. XVIH.

524

1Jacn.

VIII. MacTepa-opyJKeiiHHKH

34. AoMI-IHro (Domingo) MAaAII.IHH. I<.JlliHKOBhiH Haq, XVIIB.

MacTep.

ToAeAo.

nepBbie pyJKeHHhie XVIII B. APA·

MacTepa.

41. KoppH eHTe c (Corrientes) AlfoHHCHo, KAHHKOBbiH MaCTep. ToAeAO,

42. KoppH eHTe c (Corrientes) Ao-

35. KaAH c To (Calisto) .1\.)'HC, KAHH-

MHHro, KJ\.HHKOBhiH MacTep. ToAeAO. Pa6oTaeT TJK. B MAP· Km-1. XVIB.

KOBhiH MacTep. ToAeAo. Cep. XVIII B. PoA. OK. 1 6 9 0. Bo3poAHA KAHHKOBoe peMeCAo B ToAe• AO, 1760.

36. KaHo (Cano) Xoce, pyJKeHHhiH MacTep. MAP· 1730-1750. 37. KaHTepo

(Cantero) MHreAh, KAHHKOBhiH MacTep. ToAeAo (?). OK. 1 56 0. noAfiHCbiBaeTC.SI HHorAa: «Opus laudat Artificium. Miguel Cantero». MAp., CToK.

43. KpHcTo6aAh (Cristobal) EapToAOMeo, AHTeMm;HK opyAJfH. MaAara.

44. Kp H c To 6 a A h (Cristobal) <DpaHqecKo, AHTeHm;HK opyAJfM. MaAara. 06a pa6oTaiOT MJI XpHCTo<iJopa KoAYM6a. KoH. XV B.

45 . .1\.acaMa

(Lazama) neApO Ae, KAHHKOBhiH MacTep. ToAeAo, CeBHAh51. Cep. XVI B. B.

3 8. K A aM a A e

(Clamade) AoMHHro npo3BaHHhiH 3Ah THxepepo (el Tigerero), KAHHKOBhiH MacTep. ToAeAo. OK. 1590. MapKa HOJKHH~hl: Ca~ec,

39. KAaMaAe

(Clamade)

MHKeAe

Ca~ec, ero 6paT. Pa6oTaeT TaK-

JKe B J\.Hcca6oHe. Ta JKe MapKa.

40. KoMa (Coma), B03MOJKHO, AHToHHO KoMac (Comas), 3HaMeHHThiH HCllaHCKHH MaCTep-CTBOAbiTI;HK, pa60Tbl KOTOporo HCllOAb30BaAH

46 . ./\.a co He TTa (Lazonetta) neApO Ae, KAHHKOBhiH MacTep. ToAeAo. Pa6oTaeT TJK. B EHAb6ao.

HcnaHHJI, llopTyraAHJI

525

4 7 . .1\ a cp p a

52. Map T 11 He c

4 8. .1\ e ~~ y r a (Lechuga) Kp11cTo6aAh,

53. Map T H He c (Martinez) X yaH, 113

aBTOp :r.IOAe.J\.eH rrymeK 11 KHI1r no cneu;l1a.J\.hHOCTH. Ea3ca. KoHeu; XVI B. fvfAp.

ceMbl1 MeHtiaKa (Menchaca), KJ\.11HKOBhiH MacTep. ToAeAo. HatJ. XVIII B. Pa6oTaeT TJK. H .I\Hcca6oHe.

(Lafra) AApHaHo Ae, K.J\.HHKOBhiM MacTep. ToAeAo. Pa6oTa.J\. TaK.>Ke B Cm-I-KAeNeHTe. KoH. XVI B.

4 9. A one c (Lopez) <l>paHCI1cKo, py-

(Martinez) X yaH MAdAIIIHH,- K.J\.111-IKOBhiM MacTep. ToAeAo. BT. noA. XVI B. AeBH3: «In te Domine spemvi». fv1Ap., B.

.>KeHHbiH MacTep. fvfAp. OK. 17 60. 0AHH 113 AYJIII11X MaCTepoB. Pa6oTaeT AMI KapAa III.

50. M a p K B apT e

(Marcuarte), ceMb.H KJ\.l1HKOBhiX MaCTepoB. HcnaHH.H.

e J\. 11 n e,

6paT C11MoHa MAaA-

IIIero. n e A p o, ero 6paT. Pa6oTaiOT AMI <l>I1J\.11nna III 11 <l>I1J\.11nna IV. C11MOH CTapiiiHH. oK. 1660.

c HM0

MapKa cepna.

MAa.AIIIHH. ~HT

c H3o6paJKeHI1eM

54. MHre.J\.b (Miguel), MacTep ap6aAeToB. Caparoca. OK. 1 53 3. 55. M H c e p r H .J\.b o

(Micerguillo), . pYJKeHHbiH MacTep. fvfAp, CaHKAeMeHTe (?). BT. noA. XVI B. fvfAp.

56. M o H T e

(Monte) OeApo Ae.J\.b, KAHHKOBhiH MacTep. HcnaHIDI, ToAeAo (?). XVIII B. MapKa noAyr.rec.Hu;. APA·

57. My H e c T e H (Munesten) AHApe5 1. M apT H He c

(Martinez) X yan CTapiiiMM, KJ\.HHKOBbiH MacTep. ToAeAo. KAHHKoBhiM r.mcTep KOpo.J\.51 (espadero del Rey). Cep. XVI B. AeBH3: «In te Domine speravi non». 3HaK 3CnaAepo .J\.11.1\.1151 B KOpOHe, a TaK.>Ke noAyMeCHIJ;. MapKH, npHMeH.HBIIII1eC.SI B OaAoMapece, Ha ero KAHHKax He o6HapyJKeHhi. fvfAp., B.

ac, KAHHKOBhiH MacTep. ToAeAo, KUAaTai.feAb. Bepo.HTHO, IIeMer~ AHApeac MYHcTeH 113 3A. (eM.). Hall. XVIIB.

58. MyHoC

Glf

(Munos) neApO, npo3BaHHbiH ToAeAuHo (el Toledano), pyJKeHHhiH MacTep. CeBH.J\.hH. OK. 1600. OoAnHChiBaeTc.H no.J\.HbiM HMeHeM.

lJacTL VIII. MacTepa-opy1KeHHIIKH

526

59. OpeHro (Orengo) XyaH, KAHHKOBhiH MacTep. TopToca. MapKa HeH3BeCTHa.

XV B.

60. 0 pocK o (Orozco) AoMHHro Ae. KAHHKOBhiH r.mcTep. ToAeAo. KoH. XVI B.

BnpoqeM, MoJK.eT 6hiTh, 3TO TIOApa:>KaHHe «BoAKy» MaCTepCKHX naccay. l1M.H X YAMaHa AO o6pameHIDI npeAflOJ\.OJKHTe.J\.hHO 6bi.J\.O PeAyaH (eM.). BHAHMO, HCTIO.J\.h30BaA 11 APyrHe MapKH, KpoMe noKa3aHHo:H 3AeCh, B qaCTHOCTH OOAYMeC.HIJ;. no3JK.e pa6oTaeT AMI KapAa V. MAp., BH.

6 6. P e :H H a (Reyna) Ae Aa, pyJKeHHhiH r.mcTep. MAP· OK. 175 0.

61. 0 p 0 c K 0

(Orozco) neApO Ae. KAHHKOBbiH MaCTep. npeATIOAOJKHTe.J\.hHO 6paT BhiiiieHa3BaHIIOro. Hcno.J\.h3yeT MapKy AoMHHro H CAeAYJOmyKi:

62. n aAa c Hoc

(Palacios) neApo, pYJK.eHHhiH MacTep. HcnaHIDI. KoH. XVI B. fvfAp.

6 3. n y 3 6 A a c (Pueblas), MaCTep ap6aAeTOB. fvfAp. OK. 1560. A. 6 4. P e A y a H (Reduan), opy:>KeHHHK Eoa6AHJUI. ToAeAO, CeBH.J\.h51 (?). BTopa51 noA. XV B. Bepo5ITHO, J1AeHTHqeH no:JAHeiirneMY X yAHaHY Ae.J\.h Pe1o (eM.).

67. P 11 o c

(Rios) AAoHco Ae Aoc, KJ\.HHKOBhiH MacTep. ToAeAO. Pa6oTaA TaKJK.e B KopAoBe. KoH. XVI B.

68. Py11c (Ruiz) AHTOHHO CTaplliHH, KJ\.HHKOBhiH MacTep. MAP· OK. 1520.

ToAeAO,

6 9. P y 11 c (Ruiz) Ce6acTb5IH, panHpHbiH MacTep HMnepaTopa MaKCHMHAMaHa II, oK. 1568-1570. B noCAeAJIHH roA B03BpamaeTC.H B HcnaHH10.

6 5. P e H (Rey) X yAHaH Ae.J\.h, KAHHKOBhiH MacTep. fpaHaAa, Caparoca H ToAeAo. MaBp. OK. 1495 npHlUIJ\. XpHCTHaHCTBO, IIpHtieM ero KpeCTHhiM OTIJ;OM 6bi.J\. <l>epAHHaHA KaTOJ\.HK. Ero MapKa - cpHrypa, HanoMHHmoma.H co6aKy:

10. P y 11 c

(Ruiz) <l>paHCHCKO CTaprnH:H, KAHHKOBhiH MacTep. T oAeAO. OK. 1617. EA., APA·

527

HcnaHH.JI, Dop-ryraAH.JI

71. P y11 c (Ruiz) <l>paHcHcKo MAaA-

76. CaaryH (Sahagun) AYJ1c Ae, ci.IH

rnaii:, K.MiHKOBhiM MacTep. ToAeAO. nepBa.SI noA. XVII B. CTOK.

AAoHco 'tviAaArnero (eM.). 11cnoAL3yeT MapKy OTIJ;a.

fV 7 2. P y H c (Ruiz) X yaH. OK. 1 5 .9 0.

77. C a 6 aAa (Zahala) AI-JApeac MapTHHec Ae fapcHa, Ca6aAa MoAOAOM. MacTep. ToAeAo.

npo3Bai-IHhiH KAHHKOBLIM

73. CaaryH (Sahagun) AAoHco Ae, CTapiiiHM, KAHHKOBhiH MacTep. ToAeAo. OK. 1570. <l>aMHAIUI CaaryH npoHCXOAJ1T OT Hil3BaHH.SI ropoAa B KopoAeBCTBe J\.eon. MapKa: S C KOTOpOH HaBepxy, 11HOrAa rAy6oKoe KAei1:Mo c IV3YrAaBbiM opAOM. n., B.

78. Ca6aAa (Sabala) XyaH MapTHHec Ae fapc11a, npo3BaHHLii1 Ca6aAa CTaphiH. KAmiKOBhiH MacTep. ToAeAo. OK. 1550.

79. C aAaA o (Salado) X yaH, pyJKe::H:IJhiH MacTep. Pa6oTaeT B pa3HhiX MecTax, nocAeAnee CaAaMaHKa. OK. 1580. MapKa Ao-

IIIilAb.

7 4. C a a r y H (Sahngun) AAoHco J\.YJ1C

80. C aAh c eAo (Salcedo) X yaH Ae,

Ae, MAaAlllHH. ToAeAo, MapKaS C KOpOI-lOM HaBepxy, KaK y npeAhiAyrn;ero. B., CToK.

KAHHKoBLni MacTep. ToAeAo. Pa6oTaA TJK B BaAMfAOJ\lfAe. KoH. XVIB.

75. C aaryH

(Sahagun) Ayr1c Ae, KAHIIKOBbiM NaCTep. ChiH .AJ\.01-ICO CTaprnero (eM.). ToAeAo. llcnoAb3yeT MapKy OTIJ;a.

8 1. C a M o p a

(Zamora) <l>paHcHcKo Ae, KAHHKOBbiH MacTep. ToAeAo. Pa6oTaA TJK B CeBI1Abe. Kon. XVI B.

qacn VIII. MaCTepa-opyJKeHHIIKH

528

82. C YTI1Ah >KeMHhiM

(Sutil) , MaH)'3.J\.h, MacTep. Mft,p.

pyOK.

1735. 1\tfAp.

9 1. X 0 a H H e c

(Joannes) r K.J\.11HKOBhiH MacTep. ToAeAo, BaAeHCI151. OepB. noA. XVI B. Pa6oTaJ\ AMI HNnepaTopa KapAa V. MAP·

83. Topo (Toro) neApO Ae, KAHHKOBhiM MacTep. ToAeAo. Km-I. XVI B.

92. X yaH e c

(Juanes), npo3RaHHhiM CTapbiM, K.i\l1HKOBhiH MRCTep. ToAeAo. XVI B.

84. Topo (Toro) XyaH Ae, ChiH OeApo (eM.}, KMiHKOBhiH MilCTep. ToAeAo. Haq, XVII B.

85. <l>epHaHAeC

(Fernandez) G., MacTep-CTBOJ\hlllJ·U<. .Hcnam1.H. XVIII B. AJ>A. MapKa: .1\0IIIR/\h 11 rnecTh 3Be3A.

8 6.

e p u aHA e c (Fernandez) Kacnap, py>KeMHhiM MacTep. CaAaMaHKa. 0AHH 113 .1\Y'JUHi:X MaCTepoB. Pa6oTaJ\ AMI KopoA.H. cDepAHHai-fAa.

93. X yaH 11

(Juani}, TJK. 11BaHHn (llvanni), KAHHKOBhiii MacTep. .HcnaHIDI. OK. 1 55 4. MapKa - noA}'MeCR~, KaK y XyaHa MapT11Heca CTapiiiero; Bepo.HTHO, 11AeHTHqeH eMy. B.

94. 3 p a (Hera) Xycene Ae Aa, KAHHKOBhiH ; tacTep. 0uA 3T11M 11MeHeM 113BeCTHO qeTbipe MaCTepa, oT CTaporo AO OpaBI-ryKa. MapKa 06011X CTaplli11X - IIJ;11T C 6yiGWH G, noA KOTopoi1 6YKBa S, nep_e qepKH)'Trui BAO.J\.b; AeBI13 o6o11x MAaAUI11X «La misma» («Ta

JKe»).

8 7. e pH aHA e c (Fernandez) X yuH, MaCTep

ap6aACTOB.

J1cnaHI1.H.

1550. 1\tfAp. 8 8. e pH aHA e c (Fernandez) X yaH, Mac_Tep-CTBOAhiiJ;I1K. .Hcnmnrn. KoBe~· XVIII B. AJ>A., B. MapKa: opeA CO CK11lleTpOM 11 Aep>K.aBOH 11 Tp11 .J\.HJ\.1111.

95. 3pHaHAeC (Hernandez) OeApO, K.i\111-IKOBhiH MacTep. ToAeAo. nepB. llOJ\. XVII B. n., AJ>A. MapKl1:

89. epHaHAeC (Fernandez) XyaH, py>KeMIIhiH

1720 . .MAP·

MacTep.

Mft,p.

OK.

90. p 11 c A e B a (Frisleva) <l>pei1cAe6eH (Freysleben?) Kp11cTo6aAb, MacTep-CTBO.J\.biiJ;HK. P11KAa. OK. 1560. Mft,p. MapKa: X.

9 6. 3 p H aHA e c

(Hernimdez) Ce6aCTh.SIH CTapm11:H, K.i\111-IKOBhiH Mac-

PocCHJI H BocToK

Tep. ToAeAo. OK. 1570. MAp. EA., B., AJ>A. MapKH:

98.

529

(Esquivel) AMero, pYJKeHHhiH MacTep. MAp. OK. 1720. MAp. MapKH: oAeHb, KpecT H qeTbipe 301\.0ThlX rpaHaTa.

3CKHBeAh

97. 3 pH a HAec (Hernandez) Ce6aCTMIH

M.l\.a.AJIIlfH.

ToAeAo.

OK.

1630. Pa6oTaeT TuKJKe B CeBHAhe. MapKa -

«AHKapb». B.

1. POCCIDI H BOCTOK 1. AAH (Ali) A6y A6H (Abu Abi), pyJKeHHhiH 1\tacTep. Ap.>KeAh. XVlll B. MAp. noAJIHCh:

5. H c M a 3 A h

(Ismael), AHTeMI.QHK opyAHH. KoHcTaHTHHorroAL. OK. 1 2 0" 1 roAa XHAJKpbi.

6. K a p a H x H (Karaihi), OcMaH, py-

2. A A H (Ali), opyJKeMHHK. AcppHKa. OK. 1550. 3. A p H c T o T e A h (Aristoteles) H3 Eo1\.0HbU, AHTeMI.QHK py.>Ke:H. MocKsa. OK. 1460.

• 4. E a c KaT (Bascat) AAH MycTacpa, pyJKeih-IhiM MacTep. XVlll B. MAP·

Typu;:IDI.

JKeMHbiM MilCTep, CTBO.J\.bi.QHK. Typu;:IDI. XIII B. MAp.

7. K o M a H (Komai}, TayrnHpOBI.QMK. ToKHO, 5lrroHH.SI. XVl B..

8. K y H a x a p y 1 (Kuniharu), KAHHKoBhlM MaCTep. OpoBHHu;IDI 511-IaTa. Ero KAHHKH 6biAH oqenh norryMpHbi. Pa6oTaJ\ TaiUK.e Af\5i 3HH-

MLI yKa3hiBaeM 3AeCI· HeCKOALKo IiMeH H3 tJ:H<:J\a caMLIX 3HaMeHHTIJX H caMLIX crapLIX KAHJIKOBhiX MdCTepOB .SlnoHHH, pa60Tbl KOTOpbiX HaxOMTCSI B eAHHCTBeHHOH B CBOeM poAe KOAAeK~HH HOJKeH HMIJepaTOpCKO- KOpUAeBCKOro HCCAeAOBdTeAbCKoro liHCTHTyTa •.repHOH Me-raAAyprHH H CTaAerr.J\aBHALHo:H rrpoMLIIIIAeHHOCTH n lllTa:Hpe n BepxHe:H AncrpHH. OcnonaTeAL H xpaHHTe.J\b 3TOro co6paHHSI fl. neT e p M aHA A b J\I06e3HO npeA< CTdBHJ\ ne TOAbKO AdHHhle 0 HHX, HO H XOpOIIIHe OTTHCKH MapoK. SlrrOHCKHe KAHHKH IJOfiaAH B 3'I'j' KOAAeK~HIO KdK HdCAeACTBO yMepiiiero B 1884 r. A-pa AAL6pexTa <fJoH Pope~a, AOAroe npeMSI pa6oTaBIIIero npo¢eccopoM H rocrrHTaALHLIM Bpa•IoM n H.aaro:Hne noA ToKHo. On }f{e co6pa.J\ n npHBeAeHHLie 3Aecb AdHIILie.

B. EexaAM

llacu VIII. Macrepa-opyJKeHHHKII

530

MeHHToro noAKoBoAIJ;a CHreHiopH H3 HaraTo.

-'-

!J'

-~1

AJUI HMnepaTopCKOH, ero KJ\.HHKH cqH'fa.J\.HCh npHHOC.SIII.J;HMH HecqaC'fhe; nepeA HHMH HCnhiThiBa.J\.11 cyesepHhiH CTpax. CTaAb ero KAHHKOB o6AaAaAa c's oeo6pa3HhiM TeMHhiM 6AeCKOM. CaMH KJ\.HHKH 6hll\H HCKAJoq:HTe.J\.bHO OCTpbiMH.

/\ ~

~'<·

tl ,.l--J

_!..

---!£

,,~

-if

\' 9.

K 10 q yK (Kutschuk) AAH, MaC'repCTBOAhii.J;HK. Typu;IDI. XVIII B.

10. Mac aMy H 3 (Masamune), KAHHKOBhiH MaCTep. 51noHIDI 1 npoBHHI.J;Hfl CocHH. OK. 1150. MapKH He HMeA. PeMeCAo AOAroe speM.SI nepeAaBaAOCh B ceMhe no HaCAeACTBy, 'faK qTo nOAJUIHHble KJ\.HHKH yno~umyroro 3AeCh MacTepa, C'raprnero B poAe H caMoro H3BeCTHoro, MOJKHO OTJ\.Hq:Wfb TOAhKO no ..1\.efKOCTH KJ\.HHKa H 'fOHKOCTH pe3h6hi. MHoro noMeAOK. 1 1. My paM a c c a (Muramassa) r KJ\.HHKOBhiH MaCTep. 51noHIDI, npoBHHI.J;IDI CocHH. OK. 13 0 0. AMI HeKOTOpbiX CeMeH, B TOM qJiCJ\.e

12. C aAa M yH 3 (Sadrunune), KAHHKOBhiH MaCTep. 51noHH.SI, npoBHHI.J;IDI CoCHH. OK. 1 2 6 0. npHeMHhiH Chili 11 yqeHHK MacaMYJ-13 oco6eHHo (eM.). Ero KAHHKH, «KeH» AMI BcKphiTH.SI naHu;Hpe:H, BbiCOKo u;eH.SITC.SI. Ha cTepJKHe KJ\.HHKa HeT MapKH, TOJ\.hKO CBOeo6pa3HhiH 3HaK Ha KJ\.HHKe. 1 3. C a A a 10 K H (Sadajuki), KJ\.HHKOBhiH MaC'rep. npoBHHI.J;IDI 51MaTO B .s:InoHHH. OK. 1 2 0 0. 14. X e A e p (Hoder) MapTHH X., pyJKeHHhiH MacTep. MocKBa. OK. 1690. 3. 15. 3 c c e A y A A a (Essedullah), KAHHKOBhiH MaC'rep. Hccl>araH. OK. 1839. B. 1 6, lO K H M H u; }' (Jukimitzu) r CTapeHIIIUH H caMhiH H3BeCTHhiH KAHH- • KOBhiH MaCTep 51nOHHH. npoBHHLI;H.SI CocMH. 0K. · 1 000 H. 3. 0Teu; H ytUITeAb 3HaMeHHTOfO KJ\.HHKOBoro MacTepa MacaM}'H3 (eM.). Ero KAHHKH, Heo6bNaHHO peAK.He, BCTpeqaiOTC.SI noqTH HCKJ\.10qHTeAbHO B XpaMaX B KaqecTBe noJKepTBoBaHHH. Ero MapKy Mhl MOJKeM onpeAe.J\.HTh TOJ\.hKO no CJ\.eAaM, cpaBHHBafl ee C MapKOH

531

MosorpaMMBCTid

1-Ia APYJ'HX

llOAJ\HHHhiX KAHHKHX

er.o pa6GThi.

_....

''t/

' l

J•

;;;!~

~~\ i/~'

/.\ \!;

1 7. 5I c a ~ y H a (Jasatzumi'), K.JU{HKo-

*·t

HhiH l\laCTep. 5InOI·Uffi, IIpOBHH~JUI 3xHceu. OK. 15 0 0 pa6oTM. MJI ceMhH EKyraBa, H3 KoTopofr npoHCXOAHT TenepemHHH HMnepaTop; ero rep6. MapKa -

11~ I

•

~ UJ' '~7~

\':2. ...

8. MOHOfPAMMHCTbl

Capa~HHcKa.SI

MapKa XIII B. c HHKpyCTal.\HeH 30.J\.OTOM Ha KAHHKe Meqa, no AereHAe npHHilAJ\.eJKaBrnero CHAY· MMl.

3HaK KJ\HHKoBoro l\lacTepa XIII B., HHKpycmposaHHhiH AaT)fHbiO; B XIV H XV BB. scTpeqaeTc.SI MHoro noApaJK.aHH.H: e:My. 11Td.JU{ll. B.

/v, ~// I..._

MapKa ueMeQ.Koro KJ\HIIKoBoro pa XIVB. B.

~tacTe

HeH3BecTHhiH, Bepomuo, ncnaHcKHH AocneiiiHHK, MacTep «IIITex~o:H roR», OK. 1520 pa6oTaiOII\HH AMI KapAa V. MAp.

r -I- 1 MapKH HeMe~KHX KJ\HHKOBbiX MacTepoB XIV B., CAeAaHhi uaceY.Ko:H.

Hen3BeCTHhiH, Bo3Mo>KHo, HlfAepAaHAcKH:H AOClleiiiHHK KOH~a XY B:

MAp.

lJacn. VIII. MaCTepa-opyJKeiiHHKH

532

He113BecTHhiH 11crraHCKI1H AOcrreiiiHMK XVI B. fvfAp.

He113BeCTHhiH AOcneruHI1K KOHI.J;il XV B. l1TaAbflHeu;, B03MOJKHO, MHJ\dHeu;. B., fvfAp.

MapKa Ha Meqe CB.siToro MaspHKIUI. Capa~I1HCKrui pa6oTa. Ha'-IaAO

XII

3HaK KAMHKOBhiX MaCTepoB 113 fuiOHd (no XHJ\TAK>) . Cep. XVI B.

MapKa KOpoAeBCKOH AocneUIHo:H MacTepcKoi1 B Ap6ya (EypryHAIDI) r OCHOBaHHOH MaKCI1MMJ\.MdHOM I H PYKOBOAlfMOM MHJ\dHCK11MI1 AOcrremHI1KaMH fa6pH3AeM" <DpaHqecKo MepaTe, 1498-1509. B.

3HaK opyJKei1HI1KOB 113 A66eBHJ\.SI.

«0CMOTPOBrui» MdpKa OpYJK.efun.IKOB A yrc6ypra. lll11mKa ITMH1111, TaK Ha3hiBaeMhiH «Stadtpyr». MapKa, TaK Hd3hiBaeMhiH «CKOpllHOH» r ITAOAOBHToro Mll.J\.dHCKOfO opy:>KeHHHKd. BcTPeqaeTc..SI TruoKe c 6YKBOM M. Haq, XVI B. B., EA.

AJ>A· MapKa Ha u;epeMOHI1i1AhHOM Meqe P11MCKo-fepMaHcKo:i1: 11r.-mep1111, 11HKpycT11poBaHHafl 30AOTOM. KoHen; XII B. B.

HeH::mecTHhiH HeMeu;KHH, Bo3MOJKHo, ayrc6yprcKHM AOCllelliHHK Haq,

533

MoHorpaMMHCTJ.I

XVI B., pa6oTaiOIIJ.HH A7'J1 KapAa V. B.

MapKa

Me'Ia

cB.siToro

<DepAMHai-JAa.

XIII B. MAP· HeH3BecTHhii1 ayrc6yprcKHi1 AOCnemHHK. OK. 1490. B.

1!1

~·

MoHorpaMMa BhJAaiOmeroc.JI HeMeu;Koro rpaBepa. OK. 1500. B.

«0CMOTpOBilll» MapKa H10pH6eprCKHX HIOpH6eprcKHi1 opyJKeHHHKOB. rep6 H3 ABYX tiacTe:M. Ha'I. XVI B.

MapKa Ha Metie <DepAHHa.E-JAa KaTOAMKa. 11HKpycTMpoBaHa MeAblO. XV B. DpeAnOAOJKHTeAhHO MMAaHCKilll pa6oTa. MAP·

3HaK KAHHKOBOro MaCTepa Ha Me'Ie KapAa IV. MacTep XIV B. H3 EeAAYHO. APA· MapKa Ha KAHHKe H3 EpeiDHM. XVI B. B., APA·· EA.

n..

HeH3BecTHhiH HeMeiJ;KMH AOcnemHMK n KAHHKOBhiH MaC'rep. OK. 1 50 0, pa6oTaeT A7'J1 MaKCH.MMAHaHa I M <DHllliiina KpacMBoro. B.

HeM3BecTHhiH ayrc6yprcKM.H AOCnemHMK. OK. 1500. B.

3HaK HeM3BeCTHoro KAHHKOBOro MaCTepa XVI B., npeAlloAoJKMTeAhHO M3 EpemMM. B., APA·r EA., BH.

+ «0CMOTpOBilll» MapKa MMAaHCKMX KAHHKOBhiX MacTepoB. XVI B. B., EA., APA•r MAp.

I qaCTO BCTpe'IaiOII~illiC.H MapKa MTal\h.HHCKOrO KAHHKOBoro MaCTepa; KaKOlit:-TO MaCTep, MCllOAh30BaBill:UH 3'1)' MapKy, OK. 15 3 0 pa6oTaA A7'J1 KapAa V, HO ee JKe AO XVII B. BKAIO'IHTCAbHO MCllOAb30BaAH 30J\MHrencKMe MacTepa.

1Jacn VIII. MaCTepa-opy-'Keimmm

534

HeH3BeCTHhiH MHJ\.aHcKHH KJUt:HKOBhiH MacTep. XVI B. B., AJlA·· EA., BH.,

MAP·

HeH3BeCTHhiH HTa.J\.hSIHCKHH, B03MO)KHO, MHAaHCKHH, AOClleiiiHHK KOH~a

MapKa Ha KAHHKax H3 BaAeHCHH. B.

XVI

/lJ>A·

OQ>H~HaAbHMI

«OCMOTpOBMI» MapKa · Ha KAHHKax ToAeAo. XVI B.

HeH3BecTHbiH HTaAbSIHCKIUi KAHHKoBhiH MacTep. OK. 1510. EA. 3HaK «3CTIC!Aepo AeAb Pei1», MAH KopoAeBcKoro MacTepa Metiei1, B HcnanHH. XVI B. 3HaK Q>paHD;Y3CKoro KAHHKOBOro MaCTepa BpeMeH AloAOBHKa XII. KoHen; XV B. MapKa «pbi6hi» MapKa 3HaMeHHTOro 1ypeu;Koro KAHHKoBoro :r.mcTepa. <DpaHD;y3cKHH KAHHKOBhiH MacTep B. EA.

XVI

3HaK .KAHHKosoro MacTepa H3 Pe:HMca (no · XHATAIO). EA.

MapKa 3HaMeHHToro TYPen;Koro KAHH- ., KOBoro :r.mcTepa.

<DpaHD;Y3CKHH KAHHKOBhiH MacTep BpeMeH <Dpalrn,HcKa I. XVI B. EA.

MapKa 3HaMeHHToro TYPeu;Koro KAHHKoBoro NacTepa.

535

MoHorpaMMBCTioJ

¥ '4acTo BCTJleqaiDI.qHik.s~ Ha APeBHeapa6cKHX KAHHKaX 3HaK «3Y,hhcpaKap».

MapKa HTaJ\.h.SIHCKoro KAHHKOBoro MaCTepa. OK. 1500.

l1HAo-apa6CKHe MapKH H3 fopKH B HenaAe. QapcY. .

«0CMOTPOBa.SI» MapKa AOClleiiiHHKOB H KJ\HHKOBhiX MacTepoB BeHbi XV H XVI BB. B.

t II MHAaHCKHH KAHHKOBbiH Macrep. OK.

1540. B.

MHAaHCKHH KAHHKOBhiH MacTep. OK.

1560. B.

MapKa Ha KAHHKaX Meqe:H ..1\.aHACKHeXTOB. Haq, XVI B.

3HaK, Bhi6HBaeMhiH Ha npHKAaAaX 113 HacTo~ero 36eHoBoro Aepesa y ayrc6yprcKHx pYJK.eH. KoHeq

XVI

HeH3BecTHhJH neMel\KHH rpasep-TpaBHAhm;HK. Haq, XVI B., B03MO)KHv, MHxe.J\.h feMAHX.

OcpHI..\HaJ\.hHa.SI «oCMOTJlOBa.SI» MapKa KAHHKOB BeHei.J,HH. Haq, XVI B. B., BH.

HeH3BeCTHhiH ayrc6yprcKHH AocnernHHK, MacTep «IIITexqo:HroB». KoHeq XV B.

MapKa HTaJ\.h.SIHCKOro KAHHKOBOro MaCTepa. OK. 1500.

HeH3BeCTHhiH ayrc6yprcKHH AocnernHHK, MacTep «rnTexqo:HroB». KoHeq XV B.

536

IJacn VIII. Macrepa-opylKeiiHHKH

.._

14 1'1-

HeH3BeCTHhiH AOCneiiiHI1K, MacTep «IIITexqo:HroB», B03MOJKHO, MepaTe. KoHeu; XV B.

CAeAaHHa.s:I HaceqKoH MapKa Ha IIITI1p11HCKHX KAHHKaX X~l B., KOTOpyro qacTO HerrpaBHAbHO OIJ;eHI1BaiOT.

3HaK Ha MHAaHCKHX KAI1HKaX X~ B.

ISVL) 3HaK

3YAhCKI1X MctC'repoB-CTBOAhmHKOB X~I B.

3HaK Hei13BeCTHOrO KAI1HKOBOrO MaCTepa, B03MOJKHO, Tpe:Hu;a (eM.) H3 11Hc6pYJ<a.

3HaK Hei13BeCTHoro HTilAb.SIHCKOrO KAHHKOBOro MaCTepa. X~ B.

MapKa Ha CTBOAaX pYJKeH H3 nHcTOHI1. X~II B.

aiL MapKa MacTepcKHX EHAh6ao.

He113BeCTHhiH HHAepAaJJACKHH AOcneiiiHHK, pa6oTaromH:H AMI KopoA.SI <l>HAHnna IV 11cnancKoro. X~I B.

He113BeCTHhiH Aa:HACXYTCKHH AOcneiiiHHK, MaCTep «IllTeXI.\OHrOB» KOHu;a XV B., B03MOJKHo, <l>paHu; fpociiieAJ\h (eM.).

Ap6a.AeT co AbBOM CB.SIToro MapKa. 4acro BCTpeqaromaSIDI no~eH Ha.SI MapKa KAHHKOBOro MaCTepa 113 EeAAyno, pa6oTaromero AMI BeHeu;11aHcKo:H pecny6AHKI1.

Kopa6Ab. noqTeHHa.SI MapKa opyJKe:HHI1Ka 113 EeAAYHO na Beneu;11aHCKHX KAHHKaX, KOTopyro, OAHaKO, KaK Mbl OTMeqaAJi, KOllHpOBaAH 30AHHreHCKI1e MaCTepCKI1e, HaHp11Mep, MacTepcKa.SI KAeMeHca KyAepa.

J1TaAb.SIHCKa.SI MapKa 11CllaHCKOH l}JopMbl, npeAllOAOJKHTeAbHO 113 E pelllHH. X~. B.

· MouorpaMMBCTLt

TaK Ha3biBaeMa.SI MaAa.SI .1\YHa. MapKa 113 Epennrn XVI B.

QqKI1 BepXHeHTaAb.SIHCKa.SI MapKa nepBo:H noAOBHHbi XVI B.

He113BecTHhiH 11TaAb.SIHCKHH MacTep, pa6oTalOII\HH flOA 11CfldHCKI1M 3HaKoM «3cnUAepo AeAb . Pe:H». XVII B.

HeH3BecTHhiH MacTep, B03MO.>KHo, XyaH Ae.Aa OpTa.

3HaMeH11TLIH py.>KeHHbiH MdCTep 113 HmpH6epra, «A . K» co 3HaKoM «I'Jl03Ab BI1HOrpdAa». XVI B.

3HaMeHHTbiH ayrc6yprcKI1H MdCTCp KOA.ecHbiX 3aMKOB «I . H» co 3HaKOM «KI1CTb PYJ<.I1». XVI B.

537

3HaMeHHTbiH MdCTep KOAeCHbiX 3dMKOB 113 HIOpH6epra, B03MO.>KHO, neTep AaHHep, co 3HdKOM «KI1CTh p}'K11». Haq, XVII B.

He113BeCTHhiH Kl\HHKOBhiH MacTep co 3HdKOM «CBeqHble Il~11Ul~bl» Hd KAHHKax; KpoMe 3Toro 11HKpycTal..\11e:H Ae.AaiOTC.SI Bo.AK 11 AepJKaBa.

HeMel~KI1H py.>KeHHhiH MacTep co 3Ha-

KOM «3Me.SI», 1562. B., EA.

MHAaHcKHH KA.HHKOBhiH MacTep, K.i\.11HKH KoToporo Hcno.J\.b30BaA AaMI1aH}'C Ae HepoH. B.

3HaK KOpoA.eBCKOH opyJK.eHHOM <lJa6pHKH B HeanoAe npH KapAe III. XVIII B.

MapKa HeMei..\Koro MacTepa, HcnoAbayw:rn;ero TOAeACKOe KJ\.eHMO H 3HaK «3cnUAepo Ae.J\h Pe:H».

XVII

538

qacu VIII. MaCTepa-opy.ze:H:HHKH

CAe.l\.aH B 1 55 6 IIHCTOJ\.eT CaKCOHCKOrO reHepaJ\.a To:Hcpe.l\..SI. EJ\.. HropH6eprcKHH MacTep-cTBOJ\.biiJ;HK Haqa.l\.a XVII B., H3roTaBJ\.HBaB1llHH OT.JUiqlfble Hape3Hble CTBOJ\.bl.

npeBocxoAHbiH pyJKeHHhiH Macrep, Ae.l\.aBIIlliH nHcTo.J\eThl HCK.J\IOq}iTeJ\.bHO KpaCHHOH pa6oThl. 11M

YBa)f{aeMhiH HIOpH6eprcKH:H py.>Ke:HHhiH MacTep KOHQ.a XVI B.

BhJ.AaiO:m;HHC51 Macrep-CTBOJ\.hiD;HK, Bepo.SITHO, H3 Ayrc6ypra, HMeBIIIHH TaKJKe 3HaK «Illnopa)). KoHe~ XVI B. EJ\..

rep6 I'HADAHH HIOpH6eprcKHX AOcnemHHKoB. 1524 r.

DPUJIOJKEHHSI

KapBKaTypa Ha AaBACKHexTa. J\aHACKHeXT BOOpYJK.eH o61>PJHbiM KOpOTKHM Me'IIOM H ABYPyciHbiM, KOTOpbiH HeCeT Ha UAeTie. Ha KAHHKe HaAllHCb: ccTbl MOfl EAMHCTBEHHblfl HADAPHMK,,. rpaBropa Y. rpa<j:>a. 1529 r.

MY3EH, YllOMRHYfbiE ABTOPOM B TEKCTE 1 ABCTPHR 1. Opy.>Ke:Huoe co6pauHe HMTiepaTopcKoro f..OMa B Beue (Waffensammlung des osterreichisches Kaiserhauses) B HaCTO~ee speMH BXOAHT B QJOHA XyAoJKecTBeHHo-HcTopWiecKoro M}'3e.H BeHhl (Kunsthistorisches Museum). 2. XyAo.>KecTBeHHo-ncTopWieCKoe co6paHHe HMrrepaTopcKoro AOMa - TaM .>Ke. 3. 11MrrepaTopcKa.H H KopoAeBCKM coKposHmHHUa (k. k. Schatzkammer) B cocTase YJ<a3rurnoro Myse.H, QJHAHaA so ABopue Xo<P6ypr. 4. KoAAeKUHH epAHHa.H.Aa TwpoAbcKoro B 3aMKe AM6pac - QJHAHaA )'Ka3aHHoro Myse.H, KOAAeKUHH opy.>KH.H B 3aMKe AM6pac (noA 11Hc6pYJ<oM). 6. Opy.>Ke:Huoe co6paHHe ropoAa BeHbi (Waffensammlung der Stadt Wien) B cocTaBe 11cTopWiecKoro M}'3e.H ropoAa (Historisches Museum der Stadt). 7. 11MnepaTopcKH:H H KopoAeBCKHH Myse:H apMHH (k.k. Heeresmuseum) - B uacToHmee speM.H BoeHHo-Hci-opWieciGi:H Myse:H (Heeresgeschichtliches Museum). 8. 3eMeAhHbiH ~e:Hxrays B fpaue - cyii\eCTByeT fQe:Hxrays) (Zeughaus). 9. XyAo.>KecTBei-IHM KoAAeKUHH MoHacThlp.H B KAocTepuo:H6ypre- cym;ecTsyeT.

rEPMAHHR 1. fepMaHCKiui uauHoHaAbHhm M}'3e:H B Hwpu6epre (Germanisches Nationalmuseum) - cym;ecTByeT. 2. KopoAeBcKH:H ue:Hxrays B EepAHHe (Konigliches Zeughaus in Berlin) - B uacro.HIUee speM.H Myse:H ueMe~o:H HCTopHH (Museum der Deutsch~ Geschichte). 3. KopoAescKH:H HCTopWiecKHif Myself B APe3AeHe (Koniglicheshistorisches Museum zu Drezden) - B uacTo~ee speM.H 11cTop:nqecKini Myse:H. 4. KIUI.>KeCKHH foreHUOAAepHCKHH MY3e:H B 3HrMapwureue (FUrstlich Hoben1

CnucoK cocraBAeH

M. 10. HeKpacoBLIM.

542

llpHAOllteHHJil

zollernsches Museum) ~eCTByeT KaK 芦I<HIDKec".I<He foreHr(o.J\J\.epHCKHe 路 Ko.J\J\.eKr(HH)) (FUrstlich Hohenzollemsche Sammlungen).

Easapc~ft: .

xeHe -

H(li.\HOHaAbHbiH My3e:H (Bayrisches Nationalmuseum) a Mwn-

c~~cTByeT.

6. KopoAeBCKHH EasapcKH11 M}'3e:H apMHR (Koniglich Bayrisches Arme~~ 路 rnuseun1) - cyn\ecTByeT KaK EasapcKHH soeHHbiH My3eH B MwuxeHe.

1. Ko.J\..1\.eKr(IDI rpaQ>a 3p6axa B 3aMKe 3p6ax- cym;ecTsyeT KaK 3aMoK-MY3e:H 3p6ax (Schlo.Bmuseum Erbach), 3el\IMI J3aAeu-BIOpTeM6epr. 8. Opy.>KeHHrui naAaTu ropoAa 3MAeHa (RUstkammer der Stadt Emden) c~ecTByeT.

9. PeHHCKHH npoBHHr(HaJ\bHbiH M)'3eH: B EonHe (Rheinisches Provinzialmuseum in Bonn) c~ecTByeT KaK My3eH 3eMAH PeiiHAaHA (Rheinisches Landesmuseum).

PAHQHSI 1. Myse:H apTH.J\J\.epHH B napH.>Ke (Musee d'Artillerie) - B HaCTO~ee speWI Myse:H apMHH (Musee de l'Annee) so A,Bopr(e HHBaAlfAOB. c~ecTByeT.

2. My3eH I<JuoHH B napH.>Ke (Musee de Cluny) 3. Myse:H B .1\.yspe (Le Louvre) -

c~ecTByeT.

4. Myse:H H3.SimHbiX HcKyccTB s .1\.e-MaHe (Musee des Beaux-Arts) -

cym;e-

cTsyeT.

5. Kosep H3 Ea:He xpaHHTC.SI B My3ee KopoAeBbi MaTHJ\.bAbi (Ea:He). 6. My3eH pacKOllOK B 3aMKe nbepQ>oH (Musee des fouilles).

HTAAHSI 1. Myse:H ApMepHR PeaAe (Armeria Reale) B TypHHe coseTCKHX HCT011HHKax - KopoAeBCKaR opy.>KeHHrui naAaTa).

cym;ecTsyeT (B

2. Myse:H no.J\.bAlf- ne~OAH (Museo Poldi Pezzoli) B MH.Aaue -

cyn\eCTBy-

eT.

3. ApxeoAorWieCKHH My3e:H MHAaHcKo:H aKaAeMHH - c~ecTsyeT KaK ApxeoAornqecKHH MY3e:H (Civico Museo Archeologico) s MHAaHe.

4. faAepeR AKaAel\IHH (Gallerie dell'Accademia) s Beuerum 5. ApceHaA B BeHer(H:H (I' Arsenale di Venezia) -

cym;ecrsyeT.

543

My3eH, YDOM.IIH}'Tiale BBTOpOM

BEAHKOJiPHTAHIDI Opy>Keiffirui naAaTa .1\.oifAOHCKoro Tay3pa (National Museum of Arms and Armour, Tower of London) - cymecTByeT.

Poccu,g 1...\apcKoce.J\.hcKHH ApceHaJ\. Ko.JV\.eKizyrn nepeAaHa 3pMHTa>Ky.

KaK M)'3eH He cymecTByeT. B 18 8 5 roAy

HCDAHIDI M)13eH «PeilAh ApMepiDI» (Real Armeria) B Mi1AIJHAe -

cymecTByeT.

llOAblllA My.leH llo3HaHcKoro o6m;ecTBa APY3eH HaYK - cymecTByeT KaK ApxeoAornqecKHH M)'3eH (Muzeum archeologiczne) B llo3HaHH.

IIIBEQIDI My.leH opy>KIDI H HCTopWiecKoro KOCTIOMa B CTo:K.roAhMe - B HacTo.Hmee Bpel\I.SI B cocTaBe KopoAeBCKoro ApceHaAa (Zivrustkammaren) B KopoAeBCKOM ABopn;e.

11cTopWiecKrui KOJV\.eKizyrn opy.:>KIDI B KoneHrareHe poAeBCKHH M)'3eH opyryKHH.

cymecTByeT KaK Ko-

544

fipHAOJKeHHJI

liEALfU.SI 路 M)'3e:H opyJKIDI H Aocnexos (Musee d' Annures) syeT.

Ep10cceAe

BEHfPU.SI

Co6pa1rne CHKca

AMcTepAaMe -

c~ecTByeT.

AUXTEHillTEHH Co6paHHe npas.sn:qnx Kmme:H .1\Hx.TeHIIITeHHCKHX -

c~ecTBye-r.

cyu~eer颅

Me'If

545

KPATKHH CAOBAPb OPY)KHEBEA'liECKHX TEPMHHOB

3To py6sm~;e-KOAIOII.\ee xoAoAHoe opy-

M Ell -

JKHe C AAHHHbiM, npSIMbiM, o60IOAOOCTpbiM KA U 1l xo.M H npoCTbiM 34>ecoM.

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(

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1).

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a K U,

KOTOpLIH 3dCTei'HBaACSI Hd eUHHe.

HH3Y KHpdCLI KpeUHJ\.deb I06Ka H3 "'eTI>I-

xycag3ypu (2). TIOA ro6KOH HOeHA.eSI uepeAHHK- xaiigame (3). HorH 3d~H~dAH HaKoAeHHHKH mameare (4) H HaroAeHHHKH cyHeame (5}, a TaiOKe 6amMaKH xoraxe (6). TIAe"'H 3d~HID;aAH HaUAe"'HHKH - cog3 (7). PyKH 3d~H ~dAH KOAb"'YJKHLie e MeTaAAH"'eeKHMH BCTdBKdMH pyKdBd KOffl3 (8) e pyKaBHD;dMH ffl3KKO (9). Ha roAOBY HdAeBaAH WAeM- Ka6ymo (10) e KOpuyeoM- xacu (11). lliAeM HMeA K03LipeK- Ma6ecacu (12), 6oKOBble OTBOpOTLI c/JYKUKaecU (13) H Hd3dTbiAI>HHK- cuxopo (14). Ha mAeMe 6LIAH yxpameHHH: p o r a - Baxugame (15) H HaA06Hoe -yKpameHne- Maegame (16). Ann;o 3aKpLIBaAa MaeKa- M3Mno (17), ropJ\.o- rop.r.onoe upnKpLITHe ega p ex axe ( 18). IllAeM KpeuHACSI Ha roAone meftHLIM peMHeM - c uno 6e-Ho-o (19). · pex, AeBHTH eeKD;HH-

554

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B. C rpaJKAdHCKOH OAeJKAOH CTdAH HOCHTb napy

555 Me'leH. 3TOT Ha6op Hd3hiBaJ\.CSI noAOCOH KAHHKa AAHHOH 6oAee AAHHOH OKOAO

g a U C e H BKAIO'IaJ\. B ce651 MIII1HhiH Me'I K am a H a ( 3} C 60 CM H KOpOTKHH Me'l BaKug3aCU (4) C noAOCOH KAHHKa

CM. Me'IH AdHCe HOCHAH 3dTKH)'ThiMH 3d no51C Ae3BH51MH BBepx. B HOJKHax

BdKHA-~dCH BCerAa HMeAOCb ABd noAC06.H hiX HHCTpyMeHTa: HOJKHK- KOg3yKa (5) H HrAa-

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BCex Me'IeH. CTapLie CdM)'PdH, ue HOCHBWHe 60Aee Me'leH, HMeAH 3d noSICOM KHHJKaJ\.

6LIBWHH HeCKOAI>KO Kopo'le T3HTO H

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xa UK3H

a iixym U (8),

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H 6LIAH YMeHLmeuno:H Konue:H Me'la K3H.

Bee AeTaJ\.H SinoucKHX Me'leH BLinoAHSIAHCI> c BLICOKHM xyAoJKeCTBeHHLIM MacrepCTBoM. PyKo51TKa ua3LIBaJ\.aCL

qyxa,

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3aK.JI.enxu, rBo3gu, a Tc.UOK.e Ko-

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557

qtaMH, ll03ROA5IIOID;HMH nepeMem;aTb era B BepTHKnAI>IIOH llAOCKOCTH. C 3TOro MOMeHTn Aa<f>eT npHHSIA KAaCCH'IeCKHH BHA (A). CmaRuRa (1) o6pa3onaHa ABYMSI Aac]JemRblMU gocKaMu (2), HMeeT nepegRlOlO 'InCTb (3) H 3i1AHIOIO - xo6 om (4). Xo60T AeJKaA Ha 3ef<{Ae, nepeAHSISI 'IaCTb onHpaAacL Ha ocb KOAec. CTBOA opyAHSI noMem;aAcSI MeJKAy AOcKaMH, onHpaSicb Ha q an cp o B bl e 路r 11 e 3 g a (5). MeJKAy co6oii AOcKH coeAHHSIIOTcSI nogywxaMu- nepegReii (6), nogKAUROBblMU (7) H xo6omoBO U (8), a TaJ9Ke OCblO KOAeC (9). 00AKAHIIOBLie llOAYillKH CAYJKHAH a nopaH llOA'heMHOro ycrpoHCTBa, KAHHOBOro HAH BHHTOBOro, X060TOBaSI HMeAa r R e 3 g 0 ( 1 0) AA5f n p a B UA a, c noMorn;bro KoToporo o6ecne'IHBaAI-I ropH30HTaAbHOe HaBeAeHHe. KpaH AOCOK o6HTLI 0 K 0 B K aM U ( 11) H AJ\51 llpO'IHOCTH HMeiOT Cm R JK K ll ( 1 2). Oapa KOAec, AAH ycro:H'IHBOCTH AoCTaTo'IHO mHpoKo paccraBAeHbl. B KOAece BhlAeA5IJOT CAeAyrorn;He 'IaCTH: cmynuqbl (13), cnuqbl (14), o6og (15), C'l'SIIJYTbiH WURoii (16) c o6oiil\raMu (17). Ha Aa<f>eTe pasMern;aAH opyAHHHble npHHdAJI.eJKHOCTH 6aRR UK, wycjJAy, BeApa H np. Bo npel\ISI TpaiicnopTHpOBKH xo6oT TIOMelll;aAH Ha KOAeCHbiH ne pe goK (E), B KOTOpbiH 3allpSiraAH AOillaAH. Mop m up R hl i1 11 a cp em 6biA HaMHoro nporn;e H 'IaCTO noo6rn;e He HMeA HOJ\'heMHhlX 11pHcnoco6AeHlfH. He HMeSI KOAeC, OH nepeB03HACSI Ha TeAere. ](opa6eAbRble AacjJembl TaK JKe 6biAH nporn;e H HMeAH KaK npaBHAO 'IeTblpe HefiOAbIllHX KOAeca, Aa<f>eTbl KpenoCTHOH apTHAAepHH HallOMHHaAH MOpCKHe.

OPYAHHHI禄IH CfBOA

C T B OJ\. - ocHOBHaSI 'IaC'fb apTHAAepHHcKoro opyAHSI. CAyJKarn;aSI AASI BLicrpeAHBnHHSI CHapSIAa, npeACTaBASIAa co6o:H MeTaAAH'IecKyiO Tpy6y, KOBaHyro, AHTYIO HAH TO'IeHYIO路 CTBOA COCTOSIA H3 Ka3eRROU (1), BepmAlOJKROU (2) H gyAbROU (3) 'IaCTeH. 0H 3aBeprnaeTCSI gyAbRblM C p e 30M (4) C OAHOH CTOpOHLI H D llllOrp a go M (5) C map eAb10

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558

llpHAOJKeHH.SI

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XVI

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(1506-1559) .

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COOOH AepeB'iiHHlriH yro.AbHHK C OTBCCOM H AYI'OH C I'PaAYCIIbiM Ae.ACHHeM. A,AHHHd'il DAuHKa BCTaBA'iiAuCb B CTBOA opyAHSI, OTReC YKCl3blBaA yroA HaKAOHd

CTBO.Aa.

EoAee

coneprneHHI:.IH

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UAdTtPOpMa Co L"TOHKaMH, OTBCL"OM H I'paAyHpOBaHHOH AyrOH. Ero CTdBHAH Ha DAOII.J,aAKY BHHOI'pl\Ad, D;ulltP HAH Ha Ka3CIIHOH 'IaCTH, napaAAeAI:.HYIO OCH KaHaAd CTDO.Aa. A,A'il nyiiieK C BHHTOBbJM DOA".beMHLIM ycrpOHCTBOM

npHMCHSIAH

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C no-

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559

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(4).

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560

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(10) .

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XVIII-XIX

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XVI

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572

llpHAOlKeHII.H

JUITEPATYPA, HCllOJ\.:b30BAHHAA: ABTOPOM

1. Lurlwig Beck. - Die Geschicltte des Eisens in techniscber und kulturgeschicbtlicher Beziebung von Dr. Ludw1g Beck. Braunschweig, Druck und Verlag von Friedrich Vieweu und Sohu. 1884. - PHc. 2, 252-254, 351. 2. Hans Burgkmayer der Jungere. -

Turmerbucb. 1554. -

PHc. 615, 651, 654.

3. Ceremonies des gages de bataille selon les constitution du hon roi Philippe de France, representees en onze gravures. PubliE:~es d'apres le manuscrit de Ia BibliotJH~que du Roi par G. A. Crapelet. Paris, 1830. - Pnc. 617. 4. L.-A. Delaunay. - Etude sur les anciennes compagnies d'archers, d'arbah~triers et d'arquebusiers. Paris, Champion, 1879. - Pnc. 478.

5. Germain Demay. - Le costume au moyen age, d'apres les sceaux, par G. Demay ... Paris, D. Dumoulin, 1880. - PHc. 208. 6. Autun Dolleczek. - Geschichte der osterreichischen Artillerie von der fruhesteu Zeiten bis zur Gegenwart. Wien, Seidel und Sohn, 1887. - PHc. 495, 497.

7. James Drummond. - Ancient Scottish Weapons. A series of drawings by ... James Dmmmond. Edinburgh. Waterston & Sons, 1881. - PHc. 297. 8. Alht von Eye und Jac. Fnlke. - Kunst und Leben der Vorzeit vum Begum des MittelaJters bis zu Anfang des 19. Jahrlnmderts in Skizzen nach Original-Denkmaler flir Ktinstler u. Kunstfreunde zusammenuestellt u. berausg... Nftmberg, Bauer u. Raspe, 1855-1858. - Pnc. 15, 324, 594. 9. Jean Froissart. - Les Chroniques. (Des chroniques de France, dangleterre, descoce, despaigne, de hretaigne, de gascogne, de flandres. Et lieux circunuoisins. Antoine Verard. Pans, 1498). - PHc. 494. 10. Victor Gay. - Glosst"lire arcbeologiqie rlu moyen-age et de Ia Renaissance par Victor Gay. Paris, Librairie de la Societe bibliographique, 1882. - Pnc. 199, 328, 468, 504. 11. Floriant Gille. - Musee de Tzarskoe-Selo du collection d'armes de Sa Majeste l'Empereur de toutes les Russ1es ... par Flonant Gille. St. Petersbourg & Carlsruhe. 18351853. - PHc. 25, 45, 4 7, 48, 49, 61, 169, 170, 171. 189, 223, 244, 248, 290, 31 :~. :n2. 341, 361, 362, 363, 372, 39fi, 427, 428, 437, 447, 4~7. 548, 549, 656. 12. Giacomo di Grassi. - Ragione di addoptar sicuramente 路l'arme si da offesa come la difesa, con un trattato dell'ingannu ... Venetia, G. de'Cavalli, 1570. - Pnc. 204. 13. Jacob Heinrich von Hefner-Aiteneck. -

Trachten d.es christlichen Mittelalters. Nach

g1eichzeitigen Kunstdenkmaler herausgegeben. Frankfurt a/M., Heinrich Keller, Darmstadt. W 'helm Beyerle. 1840-1854. -

PHc. 143, 272, 280, 342, 615, 651, 654.

14. John Hewitt. - Ancient armour and weapons in Europe. Oxford and London, 1855.- PHc. 76, 139, 141, 146, 151, 188, 191, 203, 238, 333, 334, 463, 469.

573

J\HTepaeypa, HCDOAb30BaHHaJI aBTOpOM

15. Georg Hilt!. - Waffensammhmg Sr. Konigl. Hob. des Prinzeu Carl von Preussen. Mittelalterhche Abteilung. Beschrieben und zusammengestellt, sowie mit historischen Bemerkungeu und Erlauterunge~1 versehen von G. Hiltl. Ber1in, Moeser, 1877 . - PHc. 422, 423, 426. 16. Georg Irmer. - Die Romfahrt Kaiser Heinrich's VIII im Bildercyclus des Codex Baldmm Trevirensis. Herausgegebeu von der Direktion der K. preussischen Staatsarchive. Berlin, Weidmanische Buchhandlung, 1881. - Puc. 14~, 186, 418, 464, 609. 17. Rapba~l Jacquemin. - Iconographie generale et metbodique du costume du IV au XIX siecle (315-1815). Collections gravee a l'eau forte d'apres des documents authentiques et inedits par Rapha~l Jacquemin, peiutre. Pans, l'auteur, Rue Royer-Collard, 16. 1869. - PHc. 248, 267, 269, 273, 278, 286, 287, 335, 355, 356, 360, 365, 390, 396, 468, 473, 610, 611. 18. David van der Kellen. - Nederlands Oudheden. Le Molen Age et Ia Renaissance dans les Pays-Bas. Choix d'objets remarquables du 12e au 17 siecle. La Haye, 18651879. - PHc. 14, 115, 145, 158, 275," 364. 19. Jacob Kobel. Wapen des Heiliger Romischen Reichs Teutschen Nation .. Siegmund Feyerabendt, Frankfurt am Mein, 1579. - PHc. 601. 20. Paul Lacroix. - Vie militaire et religi~use au moyen age et Renaissance. Paris, Firmin-Didot-frcres, fils et C1e, 187 3. - Puc. 617 .

l'epoque de Ia

21 . Quirin von Leitner. <<Freydaln. Des Kaisers Maximilians I. Turniere uml Mumnureien. Herausgegeben... von Quirin von Leitner. Wien. AdoJf Holzhausen. Ntirnberg, Siegmund Soldan, Hof-Buch-und Kunsthandlung, 1880-1882. - PHc. 614, 618, 641, 645. 22. Qmrin von Leitner. 1882. - PHc. 276, 357.

Die Schatzkammer des Allerboc:hsten Kaiserhaus. Wien,

23. Les tournois du roi Rene, d'apres le manuscript et les dessins originaux de Ja Bibliotheque royale, publies par M. M. Champollion-Figeac, L.-J.-J. Dubois et Ch. Motte. Paris, C. Motte, 1827. - PHc. 610, 611. 24. Charles-Leopold Lonandre. - Les Arts somptuaires. Histoire du costume et de l'ameublement et des arts et industries qui s'y rattachent, sous Ia direction de HangardMauge ... Paris, Hangard-Mauge, 1857-1858. - Puc. 148, 174, 451. 25. Llewelyn Meyrick. - Abbildung vou alten Waffen und Rustung, welche in der Sammlung von Llewelyn Meyrick zu Goodrich-Court in Herefordshire aufgestellt sind. Aus dem Englischen tibersetzt und herausgegeben von Gustav Finke. Berlin, in der G. Finke's Buchbandlung, 1836.- PHc. 171, 182, 220, 341, 393, 397, 436, 470, 587. 26. Hennann Alexander Mtiller und Oscar Mathes. - Illustriertes Arcltaologisches Worterbuch der Kunst des germanischen Altertums, des Mittelalters und der Renaissance ... Leipzig, Otto Spamer, 1874-1877.- PHc. 430, 511, 571.

2 7. James Robinson Planche. - A Cyclopaedia of Costume; or, Dictionary of Dress. London, 1876-1879.- PHc. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 75.

574

llpHAOJKeHHJI

28. Rudolf Rahn. - Das Psalterium Aureum von Sanct Gallen. Ein Beitra9 zur Gcschichte ller Karolingischen Miniaturmalere1 ... Herausgegehen vom hislonscben Verem des Kantons St. Gallen. St. Gallen, 1878. - PHc. 134, 179, 180, 205, 358, 590, 593. 29. Karl von Sdva. - Die Siegel des osterreichischen Regenten . Wien, 1869-1871". (Gerold's Sohn) - PHc. 597, 598. 30. Friedrich von Schlichtegroll. - Turuier-Buch Herzog Wilhelms des Vierten von Bayern von 151 0-1518. N~ch e. gleicbzeit. Mspt. d . Kgl. Bibliothek zu Mtincben ... Mtinchen, Finsterlin, 1818-1828. - PHc. 652. 31 . Julius Schon. - Geschichte der Handfeuerwaffen ... Dresden, Rudolf Kuntze, 1858 . - PHc. 585, 588. ~.

32. Charles Alfred Stothard. The Monumental Effigies of Great Britain.. . By C. A . Stothard ... Chatto and Windus. London, 1876. - PHc. 70, 150. 33. Jacob Sutor. - Neues Ktinstliches Fechtbuch, das ist ausfO.hrliche Deschription der freyen, adelichen und ritterlichen Kunst des Fer.hten in den gebraur.hlichsten Wehren durch den Freyfecbtern Jacob Sutorium. Fr~nkfurt am Main, W . Hoffmann, 1612. PHC. 608. 3 4. Gustav von Suttner. - Der Helm von seiner Ursprunge bis gegen die Mille des s1ebzehnten Jahrhunderts, namentlich dessen Hauptformen in Deutschland, Frankreich und England. L. P. Wien, 1878. - PHc. 612. 35. Moritz Thierbach. - Die geschichtlichc Entwicklung der Handfeuerwaffen, bearb. nach den in den deutschen Sammlgn. nach vorbandenen Originalen. Dresden, Hockner Sep.-Cto.1886. - Plic. 555, 589. 36 . Marie Denis Arnold Eugene van Vinkeroy. - L'art ancien beige Armurerie. Bruxelles, Rozez, 1881. - PHc. 391. 392 c, d.

a !'exposition

nationale

3 7. Eugen Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc. - Dictionnaire raisonne du mobilier franc;ais de l'epoque carlovingienne a Ia Renaissance. Paris, Bancc, 1858-1874.- PHc. 1. 18, 120, 142, 144, 184, 186, 251, 2.'i8, 266, 386, 393e, 420, 421. 428, 429, 437, 447, 487, 494, 508, 604, 605, 606.

«Gazette des Beaux-Arts. Courrier Europeen de l'art et de Ia curiosite. Paris». - 1886, tome XXXIII. - Jean Pallustre, Monuments d'art de la ville du Mans)). - PHc. 274. c<Jalubticher des Vereins von Altertumsfreunden in Rheinlande)). Heft 86. Bonn, 1888. Konstantin Koenen, «Die vorromischen, romischen und frankischen Graben in Andernach)). - PHc. 262, 265, 353, 336, 363. «Mitteilungen der K. K. Central-Commission zur Erforschung und Erhaltung der Baudenkmale)). Wien: J g. 15, 18 7 0. «Die Fun de im Grabe Casimu des Grossen in Kraka th>. - PH c. 2 50. Jg. 19, 1874. Franz Florian Romer, «Kircbliche Wandgemalde des XIII. und XIV. Jahrhunderts in der E1senburger Gespanschafb . - PHc. 218 .

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