Иллюстрированная история оружия by Watra

THE NEW

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ENCYCLOPEDIA AN INTERNATIONAL ENCYCLOPEDIA FROM 5000 B.C. TO THE 21 ST CENTURY

THE DIAGRAM GROUP

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ncpesen c aHrmtikKoro n. A. CaMCOHOB no H3)lamuo: T H E NEW WEAPONS OF T H E WORLD ENCY CLOPEDI A (An International Encyclopedia from 5000 b.c. to the 21st Centry), 2007

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000 •nonyppH•. JIHueHJHII N'l 02330/0548529 or 03.02.2009. Pecny6nuKa 6enapycb, 220 113, r. M~tiiCK , yn. Mene)l(a 5, Kopn. 2, K. 403. Ome'larauo s nmorpa<j>HH Z l MALETTO . JJn N~ 02330/0150029 OT 03.09.2007. Pecny6mtKa 6enapycb, r . MHHCK, 220030, yn. Otcu6pbCK<lll, 19/M, K. 10. www.zimaletto.tv

ISBN 978-0-312-36832-6 (a11rn.) ISBN 978-985- 15-0866-8 (pyc.)

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1 Aao,

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7 EapoHt,

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(ceaep ocrpoB3 K311J.tM3HTaH).

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10 Kfi.MnU.(aH,

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c pe3Ho.:i Aepe8l!.HHOH pyKOl!.TbiO

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8 MaHilay,

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3 _4u,

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M bl!HMbl. U HAHHAPH'IecKal! py-

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JlnOHCKHE ME'IH

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d Kama11y

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1 Mapy-Kumae,

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VIII

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KopOTt<He Me<rH (CI\eoa)

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1713

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M e<rH (cnpaoa)

3 Ta<tu

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npoBHHU.Hii bliJeH. CoCTI\OH OOAOCOH BIJIACA.IICTCll RKUOape>r<yW.IiH Kpaii.

5 KamaHa

o caR (HOlKHax) c pacTIITCAbHIXM OpHaMCHTOM, Bbl· OOAHCHIIbiM 'lCpHIXM H 30AI>TIXM A3KOM. 8NCOKOK3'1CCTBCH· HNC KAiiHKH 0CpCA3B31\IiCb 113 OOKOI\CHitll B OOKOI\CHHC, a liX

3<J>ec li HOJKHIX '13CTO 06HOBI\.II· AliCb.

l<AiiHOK KamaHf1t c KACHMOM MacaMyHe, KOToporo C'lliTaiOT OCA1i'I3HWHM l! OOHCKHM KY3HeU.OM·Opy)f(CHHHKOM.

(1, 2, 3, 5 - MyJCH B liKTOpliH " At.b6epTa, AoHAOH; 4 - co6paHiie Kpeiira; 6 - co6paHiiC <DecTiiHra).

Y,[JAPH0£

PY5flll.(EE 14 K0/7/0ll.(EE OPY)f(/4£

fapAa (o.eaa), Ha3hlsaeMall li)lba, 11HTCpCCHa TCM, '!TO HCCe'l' pa3/\W!HhiC 11306p3)KCH11ll. 06bi'IHO OHa O/\OCK3ll, U,CHTpaAbHOC OT· BCpCT11C npCAHa3H3'1CHO AiUI 'ICpelllKa KA11HK3, OAHO 11/\11 AB3 OT8CpCl'I-Ul pl!AOM- AA5! np11H3AJ\C)KIIQCTCi1. Dp118CACHHbli1 o6pa3eu, 113rOTOB/\CH 113 6pOH3bl, CC· pe6pl1Hb1C 11306pa)I(CH11ll BbiOO/\· HCHbl B TCXHI1KC BbiCOKOrO pCAlr ecpa. (My3ei1 AlllMOI\d, 0KccpopA). flpHHaA,AC)I(HOC'J"K (cnpasa) MaACHbKI1i1 HO)K xosyxa (a) 11 Lll011/\bKY KOlall (b) HOC11/\11 Ha 06C11X CT0pOH3X HO)KCH MC'Ia, -raK 'ITO 11x pyKOJ!T11 npoXOA11A11 '1Cpe3 OTsepcr11ll a lfiYOa. PyKOJ!Tb MC'13, lfiYKR (c), 113rOT3B/\11B3Al1 113 ACpeoa 11 06Tllrl183/\11 K0)KCi1 CK3T3

(caMe);

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oe 00®

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~nOH1111 cnoco6os o6pa6oTKI1 Mer3M3, 8 TOM '111C/\C 11HKpycraU1110 11 peAbecpHYJO pe3&6y.

DoAcraBKa AfUI MC'ICH (cnpasa), TaK Ha3biBaCMall Kamana-Kaxe, c xamauuri 11 llttiCUJaiiJu. (My3ei1 B11KT0p1111 11 AA&6epTa, AoH1\0H). AoMa ilariuto xpaHI1/\11 Ha 00ACT38KC, 3H3/\0rl1'1HOi1 3TOi1.

Ta'fu 11HOrAa «nOKOI-1AI1Cb» a nO'ITI1 BCpTI1K3AbHOM 00/\0)KCHl111 H3 «CTCHA3X» pa3HOi1 cpopMbl .

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C KaHAHHaBCKHK KOpOTKHK Mt:'l (uesa).

1350-1200 rr.

AO H.9. l13rOTOBAeH 113 OAHOfO KyCKa 6pOH3bl, HO 11MI1T11pye-r

BpoH30Bble H paHHHe

4 A,AwHHbiU

)l(eAe3Hble M e'IH (ssepxy)

Me'l c OAHoro 113 ocrpoBOB oaA-

1 KopoTKI1H

Me'l 113 UeHTpaA&-

HOH Esponbl paHHero 6poH3o-

TI1KI1.

UeAbHbiH 6pOH30BbiH

1200-1000 rr.

6oAee paHH~-te o6pa3u,bl c PYKo-

soro BeKa, pyKOl!Tb 11 KAI1HOK

D03AHero 6pOH3080fO BeKa, TaK

llTbiO, np~-tKAenaHHOH K KA11HKy.

CO(AI1HeHbl KAeDKOH.

H33biBaeMbiH «aHTeHHbiH» (CM.

YKpaweH xapaKTepHbiM rpaB~-t posaHHbiM reoMeTpH'leCKI1M op-

l130fHyTbiH 0AHOAe3BI1HHbiU

KOpOTKI1H Me'l 113 lliBeU1111.

HaMeHTOM. (fOcyAapCTBeHHbiH

1600-1350 rr.

~-tcropw1ecK11i:t My3el1, CToK-

AeH 113 OAHOfO KyCKa 6pOH3bl.

roA&M}.

AO H.9. l13rOTOB-

fpe'leCKI1H 6poH30BbiH Me'! ro-

MepOBCKI1X BpeMeH, OK.

1300 f.

AO H.9. HaUAeH B MI1KeHax.

crp.

31}. 850-650 rr.

AO H.9.

)KeAe3HbiH Me'l faAbWTaTCKOH

KyAbTypbl. A8CTp11ll.

650-500

rr.

AO H.9. PYKO.l!Tb 113 CAOHOBOM KOCTI1 11 llHTapll.

)KeAe3HbiH Me'! rpe'leCKHX ron-

AI1TOB -

TlllKeAOBOOp)?KeHHOH

nexOTbl. 0KOAO

AO H.9.

UeHTpaA&Hoesponei:tcK~-tH Me'!

B. AO H.9.

Y/lAPHOE,

PY6fl11JEE 11 K0/1/0llJEE OPY.>K11E

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uaiJuycO.M

npaBoro 6eApa. ilbo6pa)KeHI1C Ha TO'IIIOH KOn1111 AOCncxa. (HaUHOtlaAbHbiH My3ei1 Y3A&Ca, MyJei1 AerHOHcpoB KapA110Ha).

8 )i(eAC3HbiH

OAHOAC3BI1HHbiH

MC'I 113 V1cnaHI111.

V-Vl

pyKOl!TbiO. AenapraMeHT 06,

BB.

paHU11ll. 0KOAO

II s.

AO H.3.

PHMCKH H rA3AHyc (cnpaBa) CO CT3AbHbiM KAI1HKOM, B HO:>K路 H3X. CA~I1A H3fP3AOH 33 B011H-

AO H.3. Me'IH raKoro THna 11C-

noAJ.30B3AI1 T3K)KC B KA3CC11'!e-

pyKOliT&JO, yKpaweHHOH 3Ma-

CK)'IO A06ACCTb. JrOT 3K3CMrtAllp

Abl0. KaM6p~-U~, AHrAHJI.

11MCCT HO:>KHbl H3 0AOBliHI1CTOH

CKOH fpCU1111.

9 )i(eAC3HbiH

KAHHOK MC'I3 A3路

TCHCKOH K)'Abrypbl. 0KOAO

)i(eAC3H biH MC'I C 6pOH30BOH

0KOAO B.

6pOH3bl, KOTOpble yKp3WCHbl A3-

)i(eAc3HiiiH pi1.\.1CKI1H

r.AaONJ'C,

AO H.9. HaJ:iAcH s lllsei1uap1111.

KOpoTKI1H MC'I ACn10HCpOB.

10 )i(eAC3HbiH

Ha'I3AO

MC'I C 6pOH30BOH

pyKOIITblO 113 AK)'I1ACI1, V1T3AHJI. 0KOAO

III

B. AO H.3.

faMbCKI1H :>KCAC3Hb1H MC'I C

allTpOrtOMOpcj>HOH 6pOH30BOH

PHMCK11H

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r.Aailuyc

nOJAHero

HOH 113 611rs

r . HaJ:iAeH B

THrt3 C nap3AACAbHbiMI1 Kpal!MH

Mai:iHuc, fcpMaHHl!. (Ep11TaH-

11 YKOpO'ICHHbiM OCTpHCM.

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DoMncH. KoHeu

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cpe.nHeBeKOBbR, oco6e111ro s Cesepuoi-i Espone.

M uorHe

cKaHllHHaBCKHe Me•!H HMCIOT 6oraTo yKpaweHHbiC pyKOSITH, a .HCCJICAOB3HJ.iC C nOMOW.biO peHTrCH3 nOJBOJIHJIO yCTaHOBJ.iTb BbiCOKoe Ka'lecrso HX csapHblX KJIHHKOB.

npOT~tsono

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Mc'i H

AMI p y6Kst. PaHHeCpeAHc-

ncKOnblc MC'II-1 113f01'38AH83AI1 C WHpOKHMH KAHHK.lMH AAJ1 H3HC· CCHHSI py6SIWCf0 YAJp.!, KOT0pb111 OOK333H H3 3TOM cj>parMCHTe ro6CACI!3 H3 Ea.:ie (cnpana). C

Xlll o.

H3'13AOC& pacnpocrpaIICHI1C YJKHX KAI1HKOB AAJ1 KOJ\10-

HOK; mtWb HasepwHe .nasano HCKOTOpblH npocrop llJISI cl>aH-

WCfO yAJ~pa. DOA3fJIOT, 'ITO 9TO Bbi383HO 803p0CWI1M HC· 00Ab3083H11CM /\aT, KOTOpbiC 1\Cf-

TaJHH MaCTepa.

'IC np06HTb HMCI!HO KOAIOWHM

npOCTyiO KpeCTOBJ.iAHYIO cpop~ty J.i npOCTOH )I(CJICJHblH KJIJ.i-

6b1AO

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Me.. BH K HH roa (CA<:oa) X n. PyKOSITb o6TSIHyT3 cepe6pltt10H

CpeAH CBCKOB bi C MC'IIt (BbiWC) 1 lll~-tpOKHH 0AHOAC3811HHbiH

cj>oAbfOH C BbiTHCHYTbiM «OACTe-

MC'I 113 JKCJ\C33. (faHACH 8

HbiM• OpH3MCHTOM, KOTOpbiH

TC. AaHHSI.

OTTCHCII MCAbiO H 'ICpHbiO. Aayx1\CJBHHHIJIH CT3AbHOH KAI1HOK

6 AHrAI1WCKI1H !fo.Hm 12601270 rr., Xp3HSIWHj;jC$l B Kacj>CA-

MC'I C 6pOH3080H pyKOSITbiO 11

p3AbHOM co6opc AapeMa. Ko-

OKOBK3MI1 HOJKCH. AaHI1SI.

AOA. 3TOT MC'I H3HACII 8 OAHOM

450

CTOKfO/\bM).

400-

rr. 0AHOAC3811j;jHblj;j MC'I 811K11H-

f08. HopuerHS~. 0KOAO 800 r. 4 Aayue3BI1j;jHblj;j JKC/\C3HbiH MC'l 113 CK3HA11H381111.

HeMeUK~-ti1 ABYXAC3BI1j;jHbli1 MC'I

C H3BCpW11CM 8 cj>OpMC 3MCp11· KaHcKoro opexa. 1150-1200 rr.

AayXAC3BHHHbiH JKCAC3Hb1H

HMCCT WHpOKHH H HCrAy60KHH 113 WBCACKHX 03ep. (foCyAllpCTBCHHbiH HCT0p11'1CCKI1H MyJCH,

6oAo-

100-300 rr.

HJ\11

X B.

poTKJ1j;j Tl!JKCAbiH MC'I C HCKp11B· ACHHbiM /\C3BHCM. Tbl/\bC KAI1HK3 MOJKCT 6b1Tb OpSIMblM, 113QfHYTbiM 111\11 CKOWCHHIJIM OKQ1\0 OCTp11ll.

YIJAPHOE,

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• 6b1'1Hi1 liJbiK• . DpeAnOAOlKHTeAbHO lliBeiiuapHll. 1450-1550 rr. 9 0poT333H «6bi'IHH ll3b1K• C rep6oM Ayi18eHoopAa. HHAepAaHAbl. 1510r. 10 npOT333H «6bi'IHH ll3b1K•. lliBe.::iuapHll. 1450-1550 rr. 11 npoT333H. E8pona. OpCAnoAOlKHTeAbHO XVI 8.

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17 Tipon3aH c rep6aMI1 Tiot.bWI1 11 Bet.I1Koro KHlOKecrsa 1111TOBCKoro. 0KOt.O 1700 f. 18 3cnaHTOH 3Hfhi1HCK0f0 cep)1(3HT3. 0KOt.O 1800 f. 19 <<Kphlt.aTOC» KODbC, 3Hat.Ofi1'1HOC opOT333H)', T3K H33biBaeM3Jl «6oreMcKa.sJ ywacra.sJ t.O)I(K3». 0KOt.O 1500 r. 20 Kopcwca. v1Tat.l1ll. 0KOh0

u K0/7/0llJEE OPY)I(UE

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1565 r.

27 1111HWTOK. I1Jsei1u.ap11.ll. 1590 r. J1cnOt.b30B3t.l1 AMI

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1550 r. 21 FyHxa. fepM3HI1ll. 0Kot.O 1475 r .

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l 59

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pb!M KJ\11HKOM. 3TOT Tl1!1 11C· l101\b30SaAvt 8 Anri\HI1

XVIII B. 3 TIOAI1l\CHCKI1H

Ha'laAe

WTLIK. BeAI1Ko-

6pHT3HI1.R. 0KOAO 1840 r. flpylK11HH3.R

33UJ,CAK~

Ha KJ\l1HKC HC

A<IB3M 33KJ\IO'ICHHOMY 111\11 KO· MY·J\1160 113 TOJ\llhl 8biXB3TI1Tb WTbiK H3 HO)I(CH.

AMep11KaHCKHi1 TpexrpaHHblH

AM K33H033p.RA·

WTblK Ml872

noi1 BI1HTORK11 «Cnp11Hr<PHAA" o6pa3l\a

1872

OxoTHH'IHH WTblK. VlcnaHH.R.

CcpcAI'tHa

XIX B.

l13rOT0811CH

113 J\3TYHH, l1J\OCK11i1 KJ\HHOK

OAHOH CTOpOHht 3a3y6peH. YK· paweH 6ora<Je, 'ICM apMei1CK11e o6pa3l\bl.

lliThtK No7. Be11HKo6p11Tan11.R.

1946 f. TipeAH33H3'1CH AMI SHH· TOBKH No4 H aBTOMaTa «CTeH»

MkS.

Yn11K311bHaR oco6eHHOCTb:

KOfA3 OH 11Cfl0J\b3YCTC.R K3K K11HlK3A, BTyJ\Ka flOBOp3'11183CT· c.R Ha no11-o6opoTa H o6pa3yeT H.!BepwHe pyKO.RTH.

7 CospeMeHHbli:i wTwK AM

~r==~~~~

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na H 11ACPAaHAax,

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no-

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l1p-

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BKAJ>t BT}'I\OK a P a3p C3H aSJ . PaHHMi1

ntn,

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====~

cJ>paHl\yJCKaJl c KoM.u,oM.

KOJ\bli,C 11MCCTCl! Ayra, KOTOpa.R COOTBCTCTBYCT na3y Ha BTyiiKC.

pbli1 l103B0Mlll np11MKH)'Tb WThlK K PY>Kb!O c III06blM Al13·

floc11e TOfO, K3K WTWK H3ACT,

MCTpOM CTBOIIa . 0KOAO 1720 r.

KOIIbUO l1080paqi18310T, 3anHpal!

06b!KHOBCHH3 Sl . !1Cl10J\b30Ba-

1\aCb c 6p11T3HCKHM MYWKCTOM

===......;"~;\l:-l'\"l"'r-...-""""

na3 n033AI1 MYlliKH. g AllCTpHHCKan C KOI\bD,OM . AuaAOrH'IHa <PpaHuy3cKoi1, HO

«EpayH Eecc» npMMepHO a

na3 Kocoi1.

1720-1840 rr. H ero aHalloraMH n ApyrHx apMH.Rx.

C raHHOBe p c K OH 33 UI,CAKOK .

TipY>K1-1H3 8 BHAC Kp!OKa, 33Kpe-

c C 3a)I<HMHbtM BHHTOM . Wnel\11.R. 1696 r. TipocTa.R 11 3cjxpeK-

llJ\CHHa.l! Ha p}"A<bC, 33XB3Tbll331\a

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yTOAW.eHHYtO 3aKpaHHY BTYAK11.

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c 33W,CAKOH A/UI Ocr-JIIHA-

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XIX B.

e C np)?KHHHOH 33W,eAKOH. l13o6pcrena B AaHHH 8 1794 r., fAC H HCDOJ\b3083J\3Cb 6oAee 50 IICT. l.J.T06bl CH.RTb WTblK, npY>K11HY OT'I'.Rfi1B3J\11 8BCpX 33 AB3 «Kpb111blWK3».

AMe pHK3HCKaSJ o6pa3u,a

1873

r . BTyAKa

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I AaTCKHH WTbiK-«KpiOK• 178&1801 rr. ncxOT11HUbl XVIII B. IIOCHAH TCC3K, KOTOpb!H H33NB3AJ-I •KpiOKOM»; OH 6NA ncpCAI!AJH 8 WTbiK, cpHKCHpyCMNH ._ replKHCM (TOT, OAtiJKO, H3XQAI-IAC.II HC Ha AYAC, J liBA.IIA Co6oi1 'l3CTb WTbiKa).

WTb1K-TCC3K BOCIIIIbiX MOpJI-

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1870

Ai\.11 BHIITOBKH o6pal-

r. J\,tTyHHJll pyKOJITb

HMCCT. 'lewyi1'1JTbl i1 opuaMCHT'lCpTa, xapaKTCpi!Jll

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~ICOJH

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1871

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r. KAI1-

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39)-

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A6opAa)f(HbiH WThiK /IIIli Ko-

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1859

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IIJKAJAKJMH.

5 <DpaHUY3CKHH WTbiK o6palua 1866 r. AA.II py-A<bll • Waccno•. CoxpaHHA cpopMy

nmrurma,

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py-A<ci1- oHa AJBaAa npocrop

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B o6wc\i, TaKoe

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H eMeu,xan MOACilb 84/98 (omt-

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1905-1945

6biA Bb!OYIUCII B orpOMIIOM KQ-

rr. 11 AO CJ-IX OOp 1-tC-

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• MayJ<:p• KJHXf>OBCKOH 11 H:IUHCl'CKOH apM~1H. 00KJ3aH co CTaAir

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1857 r.

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1874

/IIIli cppaHUYlCKOH 81111TOBKH

cj>op-

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1 HeMeuKall

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1888

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lliTbiK-HO)I( AAA aUTOMaTa AK-47.

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8 3pb1B3TeAb YA3PHOI'O ACH~

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(ln pana)

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(b),

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(A),

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(B)

pa3AeT310TCll H3 paCCTQjjHHe 60AbWee, '!eM M3KCHM3AbH 3ll A11CT3HU,Hll 6pOCK3, H MOryT OQpa3HTl> 6pOC310llJ,CfO. no3TOMY M eTan TaKyiO rpaHary Heo6xoA11 MO H:l--33 yKpbi:TM.

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(A)

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(8)

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(C)

He-

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(2).

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(CM. crp. 89).

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B XIV-XV sa.

noi1, KOTOpaR np11)1(11M3CT 6oAT

CTJHA3PTHbiM OPYli<11CM cj>p3HllYJ-

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np11UeA1183HI1S! HC Obi fl3ACT 113

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)I(CA06a.

1521- 1524 IT.

Ap6aACT>II1KI1 yqa-

CTR}'IOT B rpa611TCI\bCK11X llOXOA:LX

npHU,eAHB3HHC H BbiCTpeA.

KOHK11CT3AOpoo KopYCCa H

1555-1557 IT.

IOT, K3K pf)l(bC, K flAC'IY (11AI1 YKA3Ab1B310T Ha npCAnAC'Ibe),

nl1cappo

(Hoobl~ Cacr).

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lliBCAbl

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XV1

s . orHCCTJ>CAbiiOC opYll<11e ncr

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01111 11CI101\b3}'!0TCII Yli<C TOI\bKO H3

CHHbiX ap63ACT08. no3AHCC B

OXOTe (npe11MYW.CCTDCii110 113 nTH·

ap6aACTax AAR crpeAb6bl no MH·

lly) H Af'JI CTpeAb6bl no MHWCHIIM.

KHT3~llbl onpo6osa-

WCHH CTaAH HenOAb3083Tb YAY'f·

1894-1895 rr.

WCHHbiC cnyCKOBbiC MCX3H113-

i\H MHoro3apl!AHb1C ap6dl\eTbl s aoii-

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1914-1918 IT.

nO'ICTC.

Tbl H COOI\b30831\11Cb 8 OKOO HO~ (no3Hlli10HHOi1)

102

CaMOACI\bHble ap63Ae-

BO~H e.

f7ErKOE CTPEJIKOBOE OPY)K/IIE

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BliHHaJI i\OlK3 C H3KA:JAKaMI1 113

Ci\OHOOOH KOCTI1, CTaAbHOH AyK,

Ill ill

lKCi\C3HbiC 3HKCp 11 CK06a, TCTI103 113 OCHbKI1 (H3Tllf1183i\3Cb BOpoTOM, 3ACCh He 113o6paJKeH). H a 1\0lKC npOCT38i\CHbl 3HfJ\I.IHCKOC 11M1! • Fanshawe• 11 AaTa

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·1565...

(3aMK08biH Mpei:t, JitopK).

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OK .

OK. 250 360 M.

1111JI cspa PaAbQ>a l leHH-faABell.)

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sopor) AAll MOLUHOrO ap63ACT3. HawCA W11poKOC SOCHHOC npHMCHCHI1C, XOTll MCAI\CHHbiH H rpo- Ap6aACl'IKX (soepxy). P~-tcyHOK

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1450 r.

SOHH HCCCT CTOli'IHH LUHT, KOTO-

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1800 r.

ap6aACT'I~-tK yl<pbiSaACll 3a LU~-tTOM. qacro W.HT AepiKaA

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rr., fA3B-

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g Cronop AAll npoM~'IHoro BJBOA3 IcypK3

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11 5

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1 P}"K&.R 6e.3 opH KAaAOB H apKC6}'3bl (C11CB3)

1 )KeAe3Hoe pY~f<be OKOAO

1400 r.

c Kp!O'IKOM,

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2 Py/Kbe

C KOB3HHbiM :>KCAC3HbiM

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1400-1450 rr.

(oepH-

CKHH Hcrop11'1CCKHi1 MyJei1).

Py:>t<&e c pacrpy6oM Mll Aepe-

llliHHOi1 pyKOliTK11, KOTOpal! pl!Ha. np116JII13HTCAbHO

YTe-

1450 r.

(My3ei1 HCKYCCfB3 H HCTOp1111, )KcHCBa).

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BTopal! noAOBI1Ha

o. (EepH-

CKI1i1 11CT0p11'1CCKI1H MY3CH).

DOA&waJI apKe6y3a c Kp!OKOM.

np1161111311TCJihHO

1470

(MyJCH 11CKYCCfB3 H HCTOpHH, )KeHeoa).

ApKe6y3a c cj>I1THJibHbiM 33M-

KOM. llioei1uapHJI, OKOAO

1500 r.

(V1crOp11'·1CCK11H My3ei1,

D33CAb).

ApKe6yJa c cj>I1TI111bHbiM JaM-

KOM H Tpy6'13TbiM npHUCJIOM 113 l0JKHOH fepM3HHI1. AaTHpOBaH3

1537 r.

(oaoapCK11H H3UH<>-

HallbHbiH MYJCH, MIOHXCH).

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pmKaeMblC py)l(bR 6biJlH BIDKHei1WHM orHecrpenbHbtM opy)I(H-

npHMCHCHH C 33pJI:>t<3CMbiX

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c AYAa pyJKei1 (BHH3y)

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a J\eooe 113o6pa:>t<eHHe noKaJwsa-

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CT 113HACKHCXTOB, npOH3BOAJI-

noMOW.I1 npocroro JaMKa 3ana-

HOH o6naCTH llO 1850-x r r. rna,nKOCTBOJlbH bt e. H apeJHbte py-

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XIX B.

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C 1567

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npCAH33H3'1CHHbiM

l,l MKOM , TaK H33biB3CMbiH KtUU-

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rpyAb, yKp3WCHHbiM HaKJ\3A-

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HO 1575 r.

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4 EJauA.,

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Ai\51

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'I'CALHO 1600 r.

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1600 r.

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( M yJe.:i BHKTOpH11 11 AAb6epT3,

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117

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p~be c JaMKOM MH-

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XIX B.

I P~&c

TaKoe npeAoxpaHI1TCJ\bHOC np11-

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Tl103,

c 33MKOM 6aAT11HCKoro

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MY 33MKy, KOTOpbiH B

XVIII

XVII

nn. 6biA nonyMipCH B

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np116J\H311TCJ\bll0

1650 r.

KpcMHCBbiH MYWKCT, 33MOK c

cnoco6AeH11e 11COOI\bJOB3J\OCb DO MHOrHX 3HfJ\HHCKI1X MOAeMIX

XVll

B. 3TOT 3K3CMOM1p

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1640 r.

3 TypeuKoe py-A<&e c JJMKOM MI1KCMI , X£X 8. TypeuKoe "AAHH·

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XVIII

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on.

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A HrA K HCKKH Mytll K eTOH (KopOTKOCT80J\bHOe 6oM), KOHeu

p~bC

XVIII

MOACJ\b C OTKHAHbiM W TbiKOM

AaTYHHNM CTBOAOM. DoAo6HbiC

118

HOH nopa1KeHI1ll. (I.JaCTHa ll KOJ\· J\CKU11.S1).

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f A3AJ(OCTBOAbH biC M fW K eTbl

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(aaepxy)

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ll03AHCC 3aMCHCH3

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1793

KpCMHeBbiM 3aMKOM B CTI1J\C

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CW.C 60ACC ACWCBbiM.

1776

r. B nepHOA

0,70 AJOHMa (17,8

T3HCKaSI nepexOAHaJI MOACAb

1839

BOHHbl 3a HC33BHCHMOCTb. KaA116p

r.,

4 K anCJOAI>HbiH MYWKCT KaA116pa 0,75 AIOKMa (19,05 MM}. 6pH-

KHMH KOMI1TCTbl 06W.CCTBCHHOH 6e3onacHocrH soop}')KaAI1 KOAOHI1CTOB 8

1768 r.,

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r., KOTopall 61>1Aa co6paHa

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MM).

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pYlf<bll. 0KOAO

1840 r.

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crso apMHH nepeWA11 Ha KanCIOA bHble pYlf<&SI.

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1842

r. 113

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lJAilOBbiK Of'OH b (BbiWC).

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ra BCACT OfOHb, BTOpall lf<ACT

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I ·'·'AKOCTBOAbHbiC AYAbH033jiKAHble MywKCTbl

XVIIll1

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H3'13Aa XIX 88. 33plllK3- oroH&, a nepnall nepe3apl!lKaCT

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1861-

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1865 rr. Ku1-16p 0,69 AIOHMa (17,52 MM).

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0,75 AJOHMa

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106,7 CM.

119

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XVIII

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5 PYJKbC oe.:iKepa, K3A116p 0,625 AIOHMa (15,87 MM).

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1861-1865 rr.

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Hape3Hoe p~he i\aHra c pyKO·

liTKOH OOA 6apa6aHOM. 0Ha

(8sepxy)

KOHCTPYKU.HJO naTCHT

8 1818 r. CCMh CTBOIIOB Kal\116pa 0,50 AJOHMa (12,7 MM.) m>H •ne-

A0/\)I(H3 6NII3 33W.I1THTb PYKY OT DOBpC)I(ACHI1JI, CCIII-I np01130HACT OAHOBpCMCHHOC 33)1(Hf3HHC DCCX 3apl!AOB. (TaK35! 003CHOCTb nocroliHHO cyw.ecrso8alla 8 opy· )1(111-1 A3HHOro Tl-!na.) AOHAOH, npH6M1311TCIIbHO

«KOIIbT», MOACI\b

1850 r. 1855 r.-

Oli-

TI-t33pliAHbiH MYWKCT. K a111-16p

14,2

MM, C K30CIOIIbHbiM 3303-

IIOM. H ape3Hb1C p~bll KollbTa c

pe'IHHU.bl» H3AO 6biiiO nosopa'IH·

pa31111'1HOH AI\HHOH CTBOIIa

83Tb PYKO.::i noCIIe K3)1(Aoro 8N·

6NIIH Ha1-16o11ee yAa'IHbiM opy)I(HCM 113 3TOf0 K113CC3.

crpe11a.

P e uoA&ue p KoA&Ta (8NWC Cllesa) 3ACCb npCACT3BIICH3 T3K H33biB3CM3ll MOAeAb Vo11Kepa,

1847 r. ,

nep8b1H pe80IIb8Cp, Dp11HHTbiH H3 B00p~CHI1C 3MCp11K3HCKOH apM1111 00 npCAI\0)1(CHI110 DOll· KOBHHKa YoiiKCpa. 0Ha 61>111a poAOHa'!allbHHu,e.::i MHOri1X D03A· HCHWHX MOACIICH. ilpOU,CCC 33pSJ)I(3HHSJ (CIIC8a). BHa'laAe naTpoH

(A),

3a8epHy-

TblH B DOIIOTHO 111111 6yMary, BCT3BIIliCTCll 8 fHC3AO 6apa6aHa C DOMOW,b!O pbl'lara

(B).

3aTCM

Ha DI1CTOH ;norO fHC3A3 H3ACB3· CTCH K3DC!OIIb

128

(C).

f7EIKOE CTPEJIKOBOE 0PY)I(J.1E KypKOBbiH pesoAJ>Bep c OAHocryneH'IaThiM ACHCTBHCM (cnpaBa). flepeA K3)KAhiM BbiCTpCI\OM HaAO OTTHH)'Tb (B3BCCTH) KypOK 60/\bWHM 03/\bUCM (a); COyCKQOOi1 KpiO'IOK HMCCT M3/\b1H XOA H M3/\0C COOpOT118/\CHI1C cnycKy (b), 003TOMY B03MO)I<H0 6oAee TO'I HOC np11UC/\1183HI1C.

CaMOBJBOAJIW.H iten p eBOAhBep c AByxcryrtCH'I3TbiM ACHCTBI1eM cnycKoaor o Kp10'1Ka (cnpasa). flp11 H3)1<3TI111 H3 cnyCKOBOi1 KpiO'IOK CHa'la/\a noaopa'111BaeTCH 6apa6aH H B3B0AHTCSI KypOK (a), 3aTeM KypOK ocso6o)I<AaeTCH, 11 npo11CXOA11T BbiCTpM (b). CTpe11Jr 6a C3MOB3BOAOM OcyUJ.CCTBAAeTCII 6blcrpeC, HO AI\1-IHHbiH XOA cnycKOBOrO Kp10'1K3 H 601\bWCC coopOTI1BI\CH11C cnycKY 33TPYAHIIIOT TO'IHOC Op1111,C/\1183HI1C. fiHCTO/\eTbl peBO/\l>BCpHoro ntoa (cAesa) 1 llieCTI13apliAHhli1 3HfAI1i1CKI1H 011CTOI\CT C np~11HHbiM KypKoBbiM 3aMKOM, OK. 1680 r. PaHHllll KOHCTPYKU11ll opy)KHll c 6apa6aHOM. OH noaopa'111BaACH pyt<OH. KMH6p 0,50 AIOHM3 ( 12,7 MM). 2 fiJITI133pliAHbli1 KpeMHeBbiH pesOI\I>sep KoAI>e - pa3BI1T11e KOHCTPYKU1111, 3303TCHTOB3HHOH YHAepoM (eM. crp. 128). KaA~<~6p 0,44 AIOi1Ma (11,17 MM). 3 3anaTeHTOBaHHaJI AMeHOM «OCpC'IH1111,3» C AByxCTYnCH'IaTbiM AC.:iCTBI1eM cnycKosoro Kp10'1K3. fiPeACTaBI\CH3 WCCTI133pliAilaJI MOACI\b, K3AH6p 0,36 AIOHMa (9,14 MM), 113 TCX, 'ITO 6biAH W11poKo pacnpocrpaHeHbl B 184().x rr. J1M Ha CMCHY np11WCI\ «K OI\bT». 4 AHrAI1HCKHi1 KancJOAl>Hbl.:i peBOI\bBep 1850 r. CO'ICTaCT yA3pHocnycKOBOi1 MCX3HI13M <<OCpC'IHHll,bl» c KopoTKI1M 6apa6aHOM. KaA116p 0,36 AIOHMa (9,14 MM). 5 ll1ecrl13apliAHaJI «oepe'IHI111,3» c CaMOBJBOAOM. T11n11'!HaJI aHrAI1i1CKall MOACI\b 4().x f OAOB XIX B. KaA116p 0,34 AJOHMa (8,63 MM). 6 <DpaHu.y3CKHi1 K30CIOI\bHbiH «!I.e MaT» - «KapTe'IHbiH>> peBOI\bBep. H a3BaHHe oOAY'fHA 33 TO, 'ITO 11MCI\ AOOOI\HI1TC/\bHbiH CTBO/\ 2().ro K3AH6pa (15,5 MM) AM crpCI\b6bl Ap06bJO, KOTOpbiH BbiOOI\Hll/\ pOAb OCI1 AM 6apa6aH3. 9-3apJIAHbiH 6apa6aH pacC'IHTaH Ha OYI\11 KaA116pa 0,42 AIOHMa (10,7 MM). 7 KancJOI\bHbiH oHcroAeT no naTCtr:ry AA<!Mca C C3MOB3BOAOM 3Hf/\11HCKI1H KOHKYpeHT «K OAlr Ta», 11MC/\ MHOfO M0A11<l>11Kall,I1H. fiOKa33H 5-33pJ!AHb1J1 B3pH3HT K3Aii6pa 0,442 AIOHMa (11,2 MM). 8 «KOAbT-flaTepCOH», 5-33pHAHbl.:i K30CIOI\bHbiH peBOI\l>Bep, KaA116p 0,36 AJOi1Ma (9,14 MM),- nepsaJI CAaBa C. Kol\bTa. TiaTeHT Bb1A3H B 1836 r. ViJrOTaB/\11BaACSI B ropOAC flaTepcoH, WTaT HbloAx<epcH.

129

0PY)KHE, 3APJDKAEMOE C KA3EHHOH 'IACTH H,neSI, 'ITO orHeCTpeJibHoe op}')IG'le MO)I(HO 3apH)f(aTb cJa,nll,

llpHMCHCHKC 33pS1)1(3CMOI'O C3aA K p~ft (cAena) Ha p11CYHKC

cTapa , KaK OHO caMo. Ho 3aMeHHTb Op)')KI'te, 3aprut<aeMoe c JJ.y-

<DpCAep11Ka PeM11HITOHa. CTpe-

na, opy)I{Y!eM, 3apiDKaeMbiM C KaJeHHOH 'laCnt, CTaJIO B03M0)1(HbiM TOJibKO C H306peTeHHeM MeTaJIJIWieCKOfO naTpOHa H C Ha-

AOK OTKpblBaCT 33TBOp 11 6epC!"r naTpoH 113 cyMKI1. 3aplllKaHI1e

Jia.nKOH HX Macconoro np0113BO.LlCTBa. Ka3H03apSIJJ.Hoe opy)I{He

C33AI1 ACi1CTBI1TCAbHO liBJ\SieTCll npocTblM 11 6b1CTpb1M cnoco6oM,

06Jia,naeT 60lfbWeti CKOpOCTpeJibHOCTbiO 11lrY'fWeJ1 TO'IHOCTbiO

OC06CHH0 B IIOAOlKCHI111 AClKa,

nona,naHIUI. 0HO 113MeHI1JIO TaKTHKY 6051.

113-33 yKpblTM 11AI1 B CCAJ\C.

Ka3H03 apJIAHOC py)K&C (H11lKC cn pasa) KopoM feHp1-1Xa Vlll, AHrA11ll. TaKoe OpflK11C HecosepweHHOH KOHCTpyKUI111 HC MOfAO A0611TbCll !Ip113H3HHll H OCTaBaAOCb TOAbKO B CA11HWIHbiX 3K3CM!IM!pax. (Tay3p, AoHAOH) . . -,::;~:.!5;;;<

llKCI'OACT CO C'bCMHbJM CTBOAOM (cnpana).

3Ta

npocre.::iwall 113

Ka3H03apl!AHblX KOCTPYKUI1H 11Cno!lb30BaAaCb np11McpHo c 1640 no 1850 rr. CTPCAOK OTB11H'I11BaA CTBOA, 'IT06bl 33pl!A11Tb KaMepy nOpOXOM 11 nyACH, KaK !IOK33biBaeT

CTp~Ka

Ha pi-KYHKe. 3aTCM

rrp11Kpy<!HBaA CTBOA H3 MCCTO. J1 H3KOHCU, OH AOAlKCH 6b1A H3CbiII3Tb Ha nOAKY 33lKHf3TCAbHblH nopox: nw BOCnAaMeHeHI1e JaPliA3 npo113BOAI1AOC& no-crapoMy. llKCI'OACT nayAK (cnpaaa). CaMY3Ab nayAI1, wae.::iuapeu no npOHCXO)f(ACHI110, peWHA 60AbWHHCTBO npo6ACM K33H03apl!AHOro opylK11ll B CBOCM napHlKCKOM naTeHTe

1812 r.

O H cnpo-

CKT11poaaA naTpOH, KOTOpbli:i 061>CAI1HM BCC KOM!IOHCHTbl, HC06XOAI1MbiC AMI 33p!l)f(3HI1JI, 11 pa3pa60TaA K HCMY HCCKOAbKO MOACAei:t nHCTOACTa. Ha p11cyHKC nOK333H OTKI1AHOH CTBOA, B KoTOpbl.::i acraaMCTCll naTpOH. Pblqar, noxOlK11H Ha KYPOK, CAflK11T AMI B3BOA3 YA3pH11K3. llaTpOH llayAH (cnpasa) C'I HTa-

P33pe3 ntA&3 bl naTpoHa Aecpome

eTCJl B3lKHCHW11M 11306pCTCHHCM

(cnpaaa). 3TO cPP3HUY3CKOC 11306peTCHI1C 1835 r . CO'!CT3CT

B 11CT0p1111 p y<!HOfO OfHCCTpCAbHOro OpflK11ll. Bnepable nopox,

6yM3lKH}'lO fi1Ab3Y C A3T}'HHblM

IIYMI 11 33flaA OfuCA11HI1AI1Cb B

AOHbiWKOM 11 WTI1cPTOBOH BOCflilaMCHHTCAb (CM. crp. 112). B

YJii1TapHb1H !I3TpOH, KOTOpbiH ACfKO 1Ip11C!IOC0611Tb AMI 33AHC-

OCHOBHOM 1IpCAH33H3'1aAOCb AMI

f0 3aplllK3HM. Ha pucyHKe B11A-

OXOTHI1'1bJ.1X pflKCH. llaTpOH J\e-

Hbl BblCTyTI3101UI1C Kpall AaT)'HHOfO AOHblWKa, OCTaAbHOe o6Tli-

<t>owe -

HfTO TOH KOH 6yMarOH. {Toi:ixycMY3CH,

130

KoneHrareH).

nepsbli:t naTpoH AMI

K33H033pJIAHblX PflKCH, KOTopbiH np0113BOAMCJl B MaCCOBOM KOAI1'1CCTBC.

f7ErKOE CTPEf/KOBOE OPY>KIIIE

C aMoytiAOTMCH H C ( c npasa)

lla-rpOH B oKcep a (cnpa8a) \,All 6p~-tT3 HCKOH 81-!HTOBKI-I

Ba)KHbiM AOCTOHHCTBOM MeTaAAH·

1867

'leCKOH rHI\b3bl l!81\l!CTCll C80HCT-

··Cua.:iAep•

r. flepBhiH na-

rpoH C MCTaAAW!CCKOH fl-!1\bJOH,

80 3 BTOM3TH'leCKOf0 yni\OTHCHHSI

t.OTO pbiH Hawel\ Wi<tpOKOC Opi<t·

(o6T10pau,HS!) K33CHHOi1 'l3CTH

MCHCH~<~e y 80eHHbiX. AoHbiWKO cro ~<~3 )KCI\eJa (c ), rHI\b33 H3

CTBOA3 npH BbiCTpeAe. fa3 A38HT

H 3 CTCHKH fHAb3bl TaK, 1fTO OHH

I<)H KOH I\HCT080H I\3TyHH ( a ).

He OCTaiWIIOT npocrpaHCT83

lloAK08HHK 3AOapA 6oKcep

n popblaa raJa H333A-

Al\ll

11106pel\ H 80COI\3MCHI<tTCI\b U.CH· rp3 AbHOro TH03

(b),

KOTOpbli1

11pHMCHIICTCII 8 601\bWHH CTBC ~O BpCMC HHbiX

03TpOHOB. a Pbl'lar

0 AH03a pSJAHoe p Y'f<b C (cnpasa) uepCA KaJKAbiM 8b1CTpCAOM He06'0AHMO 33pl!AHTb Bp)"!HYIO- OTBOAJ! 8HH3·8nepCA pbl'lar noKa-

3aTBop

~~~~~:E~~==~~====~==~~ C

flaTpoHHHK

l.lllHoi1 3ACCb CHCieMbl MaprnIIH, onyCK310T nepCAHHi1 KOHCU laT8opa

8H~<~J ~<~

838oAJ!T yAap-

Hbli1 MexaHH3M. Tenepb M O)K HO pyKoi1 BCTa8HTb 03Tp0H 8 03· rpOHHHK. 3aTeM pb1'l3f 8038p3· ILLJIOT B HCXOAHOC COCTOII HHe, 11p1-1 3TOM 33T80p 330 Hpa CT 0 3· 1pOH. MHOI'033p SJAHoe p)')Kb C (cnpasa) HMCCT 3303C 03TpoH08 8 M3f331<1· tiC. C OOMOJ.UbiO 33pWOfO MeXJHI13M3 CTpeAOK 00Cbii\3CT HX IIOO'lCpeAHO B 03TpoHH11K. 3ACCb l10K333H " BHH'leCTep• C HH)KHHM

r-------------------------------------------~ a KypoK

l~~~i~iij!iii~iii~~

3aTBop

d Hl1lt<HHi1 flaTpoH pb1'l3f C C fl aTpoHH HK

Tpy6'13Tbli1 MaraJHH

pb1'l3f0M. flpH nepeMCLUCHHI<t pbl'lara snepCA H Ha33A 33T80p i\811)KCTCll C00T8 CTCTBCHH0 H333A 11 BOCpCA- flpH 9-rOM 8b16paCbl83· l'TCll nyCTall rl1A'b3a, B380AI11'CII KypOK 11 OOCI>IA3CTCll H08bli1 naTpoH 8 03TpoHHHK. AsTOM aTM'ICCKoe op)"KH C (cnpa-

oa)

crpeAAeT AO Tex nop, noKa

uaAe u

Y#P)KH83CT c nyc Ko8oi1

KpiO'lOK B H3)K3TOM COCTOl!H H H Hl\11 OOK3 He KOH1{3TCl! 6oenpH·

r--------------------------------------------------, a flpflt<~<~HaJaTsopa b

3aT8op

c flaTpoHH 8 polt<KOBOM M3f33HHC

flaTpoHHHK

nacbl. l' bo6p<UKeHHbli1 3ACCb a8ToMaT

TOMOCOH3

meprHIO OTA31fH

HCOOI\b3YCT

Al\ll

B3BOA3

upy-A <HHbl 3aTsopa. flp~<~ A8H)Ke1111H 8nepeA JaTs op nocbii\3CT IIOBbli:i naTp OH H 3 M 3f33HH3 B naTpo HHHK, JaTeM cpa3y YA3P" HHK 6beT no K3 0 CIOI\IO- npoHCXOAHT CI\CAYIQJ.UHi1 8b1CTpeA. floAyaBTOMaTK'IecJ<OC, HAH caMo3apSJAHOC, op)"KHC (cnpasa) npH II<UK3THH H3 CnyCK npOH380AHT TOI\bKO OAHH 8biCTpCI\. 3ACCb n oK333H coBCTCKHH Kapa6H H C K C.

flp~<~ BbiCTpCAe r a3 TOI\KaeT ra3oBbli1 WTOK H333A, C)KHM3eTCll npY"'J<<H3 33T80pa, KOTOpbiH 8 bl· KHA'bi 83CT nycry10 rHAblY 1<1 B38oA I<IT

KYJ>OK;

pa naTpoH

n p H 803BpaTe 33T8()noc~>~AaCTCll

1<13 Mara-

J 11Ha 8 naTpOHHHK. K apa6H H roToB K CI\CAylQJ.UCMY BbiCTpeAy.

131

0AJI03APJIAHOE OPY)KHE, 3APJDKAEMOE C KA3EHHOH 'IACTH 0 AH03ap RAHble Japmtcae Mble C33AH DHCTOA<:Tbl (CACBa)

IOli<HOHeMeUKH.:i Kott.ecuosbl.:i

mtCTO!t.eT. J.1MeeT 33TBOp, OTKH· Ab1B310W.11HCll H3 wapmtpe s6ox, 11 CbeMHYIO CT3AbH)'IO K3· Mepy B cj>opMe npHMHTHBHOH naTpOHHOH tl1!t.b3bl. TCJ\bHO

llp116tt.l1311·

1540 r.

AHrtt.I1HCKHH KpeMHesbl.:i nHc·

TOAeT CO CBI1H'II183eMbiM CTBQ!t.OM, KOTOpbiH 3 Ht!t.I1'13He H33bl· saAH •nywK3 Kopott.eBbl AHHbl•.

11 p116AI1311TC!t.bll0 1730 r . 3 AHrtt.HHCKI1H Kanc10J\bHbli1 OHCTO!t.eT «8eCTAH·P11'13pAC•.

1867

r. KaAH6p

( II ,4 MM).

0,451

AIOHM3

8bi#J\liACll Aft.HHHbiM

11 30tlfYTblM

pb1'13rOM OTKpb1T11ll

3:1TBOpa, OOAY<f11BWI1M np03811· w.e «06e3bliH11H XBOCT».•V1MeA 6yM3li<HbiH naTpOH.

6eA&rHHCK11H K3DCIO!t.bHbiH

K3pM3HHbiH mtCTOAeT C OTBI111· '11183CMblM B0CbMHtp3HHblM CTBO!t.OM. VlMett. KOp06'13TbiH 33· MOK C 6oKOBbiM 60HKOM. llpH·

1850 r.

6tt.H3HTeAbHO

«PeMHHITOH•, MOAeAb

1867

C pO!t.HKOBbiM 33TBOpoM,

Aft.ll BQ-

CIIHQ-MOpCKOtO cj>tt.OT3 CWA.

llaTpOHbl K3tt.H6pa

{12,7 MM),

0,50 AIOHM3

C ueHTp3!t.bHbiM BOC·

ntt.aMeH HTett.eM.

CaMOACA&H biH OAH033 pliAH bli1

DHCTO!t.eT. CesepH3ll V1ptt.3HAHJI,

1972 r. llaTPOHbl K3AH6pa 0,22 AIOHM3 (5,6 MM) c KOAbUeObiM BOCD!t.3MCHI1TC!t.CM.

C H creM a Ape ihe c J anaA.bHOH

BTopaJl nonoBHHa

XIX CTOJieTHH 6b1Jla ap eMeHeM pacu nera

HrAOH {ctt.esa).

3Ta

CJ.1CTeM3

J.1o-

raHH3 HHKOAaca cj)OH Ape.:i3e

OJJ.H03apSIJJ.HOfO Opy>KIHI, 3ap n)l(aCMOfO C KaJCHHOH <laCTH.

6bltt.a BBCACH3 s npyccxoi1 ap-

6 onbWH HCTBO KOHCTpYKUHR TaKoro opy)I(HSI6bl JIH n pOCTbi MH ,

MHH B

TO'IHbi MH J.1 Ha)l.e)l(}!biMH . .[l3.)1(e CCf OJJ.HSIWHee OXOTHH'Ibe J.1

1848

r. CeHcauHOHHoe

Op)')KHC 33pJVK3!t.OCb OAHOp33Q-

cnopn tBHOe Op)')I01C pa6oTaeT C 3THMH HCnbtTaHHblM H CHCTe-

BbiM 03Tp0HOM C DOMOW.blO UH·

MaMH 3aTnopos. M eTaJIJIH•JecKHi:i n aTPOH u eo6bfKHOBeH IIO

!t.HHApH'IeCKOtO 33TBOp3.

ycKOpHll pa3BHTHe p y•t HOfO OrH eCTpeJl bHOfO Op~HH; 9TO n pH - [ BCJIO K C03JJ.aHH IO MHOf03apSIJJ.HbiX CHCTCM C 6onee Bbi COKOH CKopoCTpeJibHOCTbiO, 11 OllH03apru:tHOe Opy)f(Hellmt BOCHHbi X UeJICR npaKTH'IecKH nepeCTaJIO n p HMCHSITbCSI, XOTSI 11 HMeeT npeHMYWeCTBO, Bblp 3.)1(aiOWCCCSI B 6onee BbiCOKOH Jl.OJi f OBC'IHOCTH CTBoJia H3-3a OTCyTCTBMSI nep erpeaa.

h~~~ C,......- d _

1 llaTpO H

1-IMCA nopoxosoi1 Ja·

(b), OY· D3TpoH3 cro-

pliA ( a), BOCO!t.aMeHl-ITCJ\b nyi\JO

(d)

H 0Tp3li<3TCJ\b (c).

M3li<H3ll o6oAO'!Ka

paAa np11 BbiCTpeAe.

llHAHHApH'IeCKHH 33TB0p

HMC!t. TpH nOAOll<eHHll: OTKpbl· TOe, JaKpbiTOe "' JanepToe. OT· Tllt11 83JI ero H333A, CTpeAOK C)I(HM3J\ BHTYJO 0 p)')KHH)' 33· naJ\bHOi1 HrAbl

(e).

llpu cnycKe

Ht/1.3 npOK3AbiB3eT 6yM3li<H)'IO rHtt.&Jy, nopoxonoi1 Japl!A 11 6&cr no BOCD/\aMeHHTCJ\10

(f),

33pl!A

noA)I(HraeTCll. HeCMOTpll Ha HeKOTOp!ie npo6AeMii (3arpli3HeHHe npoA)'KTaMH crop3Hl1.ll nopoX3 1-13-33 nAOXOrO YDI\OTHCHHJI), 9Ta CHCTeM3 ycnewHo npJ-tMeHll· tt.ac& a csoe speMll.

132

flETKOE CTPEJIKOBOE OPY>KVIE

0AH03ap11AHble Jap SI)KaeMble

ApMei1CKal! BHHTOBK3 «CH3i1-

CJAAH ppt<bSI (ssepxy)

Aep»

1 ~be

AH6p

<l>epnocOH3 C BHHTOBbiM

Ml! na'I'pOHa ooKcepa. Ka-

14,7 MM.

J13rOT3BAHBaA3Cb

3ACCb DpCACTaBAeHa HCD3HCK3ll MOACAh

187 I r.

I 1 MM. 1866 r. 3a-

KaAH6p3

•illaccno», MOAei\l>

1871 r. fla'I'pOHbl 0,577/0,450 AJOi1M3 (14,65/11,45 MM).

JKeHHe B

33TBOpoM (JAeCb OH DOK33aH B

H3 OCHOBC 6p11T3HCKOrO

TBOp UHAHHApHqCCKHi1 C 33DaAlr

OTKpl>ITOM DOAOJKeHIH!) llBAJU!TCll

AYAl>H033pl!AHoro •3H<l:>HAA3» c

HbiM CTepJKHeM. flpHMeH.llAOCb

1873 r.

6 pHT3HCKHM ycosepWCHCTBOB3-

1867 r.

<i:>p3Huy33MH so BpeMll <l:>paHKo-

BMep11ei1 CiliA a

HHeM <i:>p3HUYJCKOi1 CHCTeMbl

p33J\HqHoi1 AJ\HHOJ1 CTBOJ\3.

!vJ. illoMeTa,

npHMeHAAOCl> 80

apeMll Boi1Hbl 33 He338HCHMOCTh B Ce8. AMepHKe.

2 K3p36HH XoM3 PliAY c APyrHMH

1776 r.

l1.MeeT

H3ACJKHYIO KOHCTpyKUHIO, KOTQ-

1870-1871

rr.

P3ccqHTaHO H3 6yMaJKHbli1 naTpoH KaAH6pa

6 PyJKbe

11 MM.

«M3pTHHI1-feHpH» nOA)"ffi-

pal! 6b1Aa DpeACTaBAeHa B He-

AO H33BaHHC OT coqCTaHI-UI 33TBOpa

3MCpHK3HCKHMH

CKOJ\l>KHX sapHaHTaX. MHorne ro-

CHCTeMbl <l>pHAJ>HXa <PoH MaprnHH

OTKHAHOi1 33-

TBOp (JACCb q3CTHqHO OTKpbiT). BbinyCKaACll c

«PeMHHITOH» C p0AHK08b1M 33-

TBOpoM (CiliA) HMCA npOCTyiO H

npyccKoi1 soi1Hhl

CTOHT 8 OAHOM

KpeMHeBbiMH H K3DCIOJ\l>HbiMH p}"ACbJI.MH.

BbinycKaAHCb MOACAH c

1819 r.

KaAH6pa

Kap36HH «CnpHH npJtNI.l', MOACAb (HHJKe), DpHMCHl!ACll K3-

1876 r.

B cpa-

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0,45-70 (11,4 MM).

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1855 r. (BHH3y). KaJ\116p 0,577 AJOi1Ma (14,7 MM). AMepH-

cyAapCTBa HMCAH H3 BOOpYJKeHHH

c H3pe3KOi1 CTBOAa AAeKCaHAPa feH- KaHCKal! nepexOAHal! MOAeAb c

PYJKbll c pOAHK08biM 33TBOpOM.

pH. opHTaHJJ.N B3l!AJ.1. ero Ha BOOpy- BHeWHHM YA3PHbiM 33DaAOM J.1. (cropaiOW.HMH nOCAe BbiCTpCAa) DOAOTHl!HbiMH rHAb33MH.

133

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1 oeAbr~i1cK~i1

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XOMHACeM B 1881 r. B 6010

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12-ro

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XIX

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(A),

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(8),

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134

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np~6AK3HTCJ\bHO 1968 r.

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(C11esa). Ana CTBOI\a pacnoAara-

TbiM 33MKOM,

JaMKOM. CKJ\aAHOH npHKAaA OT

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(C11ena). OOAhW~Hcrno ABY-

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(

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«~1TaKa», MOACI\b

l\~6pa; ~3BCCTHa T3K)I(C K3K

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Ml.

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fun-tCTBOAbH3ll «DCpC'IHJ.IU3»

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M.\1)

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A/.Y.

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135

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140

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MHOI'033p11AJ1We BMHTOBKM C 3 Kapa6MH «ApMCaKa», THn 38, U,MAMHApM"'eCKMM 33TB0p0M ..SinOHHJI. Vl3rOTaBAH8aACJI AAJ1 aoopyx<eHHNX CHA ocH E epAHHnapaw!OTHCTOB. CKAaAHoii npHPHM- ToKHO (ssepxy) KA3A Ha wapHHpe co cronopoM. KaAH6p 6,5 MM X I • K apKaHo», MOAeAJ> 91/24, VlTaAHJI. M aralHH AAJ1 6 naTpo- 4 • HapoAHoe p)')KI>e» VG2, f epHOB KaAH6pa 6,5 MM X 52. MaHHJI. BcnoMoraTeAJ>Hoe opy)J(He AAJ1 60HU,OB «cpoAbKCWTypBHewHe oHa noAo6Ha MOAeAH Ma» KOHu,a 2-ii MHpoaoii aoii38, HMeBWeH K3AH6p HN. MaralHH Ha nllTJ> naTpo7,35 MM X 51. 2 BHHTOBKa «ApMCaKa•, rnn 38, HOB KaAH6pa 7,92 MM X 57 «Mapep». .SinoHHJI. bNAa pa3pa6oTaHa B 38-M roAy 3pN M;~HA311 ( 1905 r.). Mara3HH AAJ1 5 naTpouos KaAH6pa 6,5 MM X 50.

so.

Op)')I(He Heit-rpaAOB 5 Kapa6MH lliMHATa-Py6MH3, MOAeAb 1931 r., lliseiiu,apHll. Ero U.HAHHApw!eCKHii 3aTsop •C npllMOH TllrOH» He Tpe6osaAOCb nosopa'IHBaTb c noMOlli;J>IO pyKOJITH. Ea30BaJI MOAeAJ> 1889 r. nOCTOJIHHO ycosepweHCTBOB3A3Cb BnAOTb AO 1950-x rr. MaraJHH AAJ1 6 naTpOHOB KaAH6pa 7,5 MM x 54 M11.

Kapa6MH • Mapep 98k» (BNwe), YKOMnAeKToBaHHNii cHaiinepcKHM npHU,eAOM ZF42W. Ee3 TaKoro npHU.eAa - CT3HA3pTHOe opyx<He HeMCU,KOH neXOTN 2-H MHpoBOH BOHHN. Mara3HH AAJI 5 naTpOHOB KaAH6pa 7,92 MM X 57 «May 3ep».

141

JiAPAliAHHLIE PEBOALBEPLI

1 PaHHHC JapJJ)f(aCM&Ie C33AH peBOAbBCp&I (ct.ea a)

1 lliTH cpToaoii

peBOAbBep Aecpo-

we, <DpaHU.11ll. B

1845 r. 6&IA 33-

n aTeHToaaH 11 npeACTaBAeH a M H OfO'!J.iCII.CHHbi X B3p113HT3X. 3ACCb H306p3)KCH3 6-3ap HAHall M O AeAb c OTK11AbJB310W.CHCll KpblwKOH 6ap a6a Ha. K311.116p 12 MM.

«KOAhT>> AMI BOCHHQ-MOpCKOrO

cpt.oTa CWA, MOACA& 186 1 f ., npeo6pa3oBaHHa» a 1870-x ff. a WCCTI133pliAH YJO KOHCTpyKU.1110 C OTKJ1AbiB310W.CHCll KpbiWKOW 6apa6aHa . naTpOHbl K3A116pa 0,38 AIOWMa (9,65 MM) c U.CHTpat.bHbiM BOCOI\3MCHI1TCACM.

6p11T3H CKI1i1 peBOhbBCp «M3H -

CTOnnep». Co3A3H Ha ocHooe KOHCTPYKU.1111 TpeHTepa.

/iAJI

3a-

PliJKaH11ll 6apa6aH HC06XOA11MO Bbl HyTb. naTpOIII,J. Kat.116pa 0,577 A!OiiMa, U.CIITpat.bHOfO 60ll ( 14,65 MM) C UCHTpat.bH biM B0Cfli\3MCHI1TCI\CM . TCI\bHO

np116AI1311-

1870-1 880 ff.

4 6p11TaHCKHi1 peBOAbBCp «A,<l,3MC». 1872 f. C

OTKJ1Abi B310W.ei1CII

KpbiWKOH 6apa6aHa 11 MaCCI1 BHOH p3iv10H. lliTI133pliAHbiH, KJA116p 0,45 AIOHM3 «A/J.;IMC».

«Kacrer-pe soAbse p » PciiAa .

naTCHT CWA 1865 r. CeMI133P»AHbiH 6apa6au BhiH11Mat.c» AM 33p»JK3HI1Jl.. na1'p0Hbl Kat.116pa 0,22 AIOHM3 (5,6 MM) c KOI\biJ,CBblM BOCnt.JMCHI1TCI\CM. 6 «CMHT-BeccOH », MOACAb IIQMep

1857 f. n epBbi H peBOAb-

oep CM11Ta H BeccoHa . CTBOII OT· K11Ahl 831\Cll BBepx; 7 naTpOHOB K3A116p a 0,22 AIOHM3 (5,6 MM) C KOIIbUCBblM BOCOI\aMCHI1TCIICM .

B a lKH CHW11 C ::nanbi p a3 BI1TI1H 3a pHlKaeMbiX c3an 11 p eBOJJbsep os np11 X01l.HTC51 Ha BTop y tO n oJJOBI11i Y

8 XX

XIX

CTOJJeTHfl.

CTOJJeTI1 11 np0 1130WJ111 TOJJbKo JlHWb OTllCJJ bH bi e y cose p -

tu e HCTBOBaHI151: yTO<JH CHH$1 B ycTpOH CTBe np11UCJl a , yny<JWCHI1C 11CnOJi b3YCMbi X Cn JJaBOB 11 CTaJlC H, nOBbiWCHI1C 6 eJon aCHOCTI1 B o6paW.CHHH. OJl 8fOJlap51 CBOCH a6COJJ IOT HOH HallClKHOCTI1 p eOOJl bBCp 00Jib30BaJ1Cfl 60JlbWOH non yJJnpHOCTbiO (OC0 6 CHHO B Ka<JCCTBC Opy)l(l151 nOJl 11U1111).

CHcreMa scKpbiTHSI 6apa6aHa "

a 0n<:HAbiB31()1D,3SICSI KpbiWKa

Bbt6poca ntAb3bi ( c npaaa). ft.aB-

6apa6aHa. H eo6XOA 11MO Ha)KaT&

Hble OTI\J.i'II'IJI peBOI\bBCpOB MHQ-

H 3 fOAOBKy CTCp)KHll 8031\e CTBQ-

rJ.iX MOACt.ei:i o6ecnC'IJ.1B310TC$1

Aa, 'IT06bl BbiTOAKHyTb Ka)I(Ay!O

J.iMCHHO pa3HOo6pa3J.1eM npWMC-

CTpCAliHYJO fl11\&3y.

HlleMblX B HJ.iX MCX3HJ.13MOB BCKpb!TI1ll 6apa6aHa 11 CI1CTCM Bb16poca rM&Jbl. Tpw Hal16ot.ee

0n<:HAbiB31QID,HKUl CTBOA.

3ae3A006pa3Hb!W Cl>CMHJ.iK npH • OTKpb!THI1 pCBOI\&Bepa BbiTJl.fl1-

113BeCTHblX cnoco6a not.}"'11AI1

B3CT OAHOBpCMCHHO BCC fl11\b3bl

XIX a.

H3 6a p a6aHa 11 Bb16pacb!BaeT 11X.

pa3BI1Tw e a

0Hw np11Me-

HliiOTCll AO C11X nop.

C 0n<:HAbiB31QID,HKCSI 6apa6aH . 3 ae3AOo6pa3Hblii Bb16pacblaaTeAb cpa6aTbiBaeT OT pyKI1 noc11.e OTBOA3 6apa6aHa B CTOpOHy.

142

f7EIKOE CTPEJIKOBOE OPY)((ME PesoAbsepLI Ha py6e)l(e

CTOAeTIU~ (cAeaa)

1 «CMKT-BeccOH », <PHAAa,

1873

MOACAl> CKo-

llieCTH3ap.RA-

Hhli1, C OTKHAhiBa!Olli,HMC.R BHH3 CTBOAOM; npCAfiOAO)I(H·

TCAbHO T3KHM TI0Ab30B3ACSI .Ll,)l(eci::H .Ll,)l(ei:tMc. KaAH6p

0,45

S&W.

AIOJ:iMa

« KOAbT-MOAHKn»: llieCTl133-

pS!AHhiH, C CaMOB3BOAOM, C OT· KHAhiB310lli,CHC.R KphiWKOJ1 6a-

187719 12 rr. DaTpOHhl KaAH6pa 0,38 AIOHMa (9,65 MM) c u.eHT· pa63H3; npOH3BOAHAC.R B

paAbHLIM BOCTIA3MCHHTCACM.

1874 r.

«P CMKHITOH», MOACAh

PeaoAbBep apM HH ClliA, ycoaepweHCTBOBaHHe

6b1BWCH

KanCIOAb~IOH

AYAMI03ap.RAHOH

MOACAH. llieCTb naTpOHOB K3AH6pa

---_

0,44-40 (11,17

MM) 33-

p.R)I(3AHCb 8 6apa6aH C OTKHAbl8310lli,CHCR

KphiWKOH.

« B e6AH-<l>Oc6e pH», C3M00380A-

HbiH. CHAOH OTA3'!H CTBOA J.1 6apa6aH CABHf3AHCb H333A, npH 3TOM 8380AHAC.R KypOK H 6apa6aH npOBOpa'!HB3ACR Ha OAHH war. OpHT3HCK3R pa3pa60TK3

1890-x

rr.

llieCTH3apliAHOC opy-

)I(He C OTKHAblB310lli,HMCSI BHH3 CTBOAOM. KaAH6p

( 11 ,4 MM). 5 «6pHT3HCKHH

0,455 AIOHMa

6yAJ>AOr». AMe-

pHKaHcKaR KOTIHR aHrAHHCKOH KOHCTPYKU.HH Be6AH. nonyMtpHbiH KapM3HHbiH TIHCTOAeT KpynHOfO K3AH6pa -

0,450 AJOHMa (11,4

MM).

«KOAbT-MitpOTBope~.~,» (cAesa).

Ar::-

reHAapHbiH peBOAbBep «AHKOrO 3anw••. Ero npoH3BOART AO CHX nop. 3ACCb H306p3*eH WCCTH33· PRAHhli1 KaaaAepHHCKHH (apMCHCKaR MOACAb

1873

oap11aHT fOA3 C

pyqHhiM B3BOAOM KYPKa). OaTpoHbl KaAH6pa

0,45 AIOHMa 19 CM.

«KOAhT>>.

AJ\HHa CTBOAa

CTpeAOK H 3 peBOAbBepa H3U.CAHB3eT CBOH «MHpOTBQpeU». Oo pHCfHh.'Y pCAepHKa PeMHHITOHa.

143

liAP.AiiAHHLm PEBOALBEPLI

2 B oeHHble pesollbaepbl MHpOBhlx soiiH (c11esa)

1 ~OACllb 898.

VlT3AHll. B pa3-

IIHqHb!X HCnOIIHCHHliX npOH38()AHIICJI s

1889-1920 rr.

WecrH-

3apliAHbiH, C OTKHAbiB310W.C:HCJI KphlwKoii 6apa6aHa. Ka~~H6p

10,35 MM.

2 ~OACllb 1892 1".

C C3M083BOAOM

H OTKHAbiB310W,HMCll 6apa6a-

HOM. <l>paHUHJI. VlcnOIIb3083A3Cb

o6eHx MHpOoblx ooi:iuax. OaT-

pOHbl KaAH6pa

8 MM

«J\e6CIIb»

peBOIIbBC:pHble.

HaraH , MOACIIJJ

1895

r. PoccHJI.

OpHMC:Hj[ACJI uapc Koii "

coseT-

CKoii apMHJIMI-I 8 06C:HX M~-tpo BbiX BOHHax. CeM~-t3apliAHblii peBOIIbBep C OTKI-!Ab18310W.CHCJI KpbiWKOii 6apa6aHa. OaTpOHbl K3Mt 6pa

7,62 MM

• HaraH».

• KOllbT HOBbJH Ci\y>KC:6Hb1H

~19 1 7•. BNnOAHJIACll c pa3JIHqHbiMI-I KaAH6paMH Afl.ll CWA

(0,45 AIOHMa

ACP) "

Ko6p~-tTaHH~-t

(0,455

Afl.ll BeA~-t AJOiiMa).

lliC:CTH33pliAHbiH, C OTKHAbiB310W.HMCJI 6apa6aHOM.

5 •3H" AA No2 ~k 1, 3Be:wt» . AHrAHII. ~3AOKaA~-t6epHall MoACPHH33UHJI · Be6AH •, ~-t3o6pa >KC:HHOro HI-!>Ke, npCAyCM3Tpi-!Ba113 TOIIbKO CaMOB3BOA. Ka111-16p

0,380 AIOHMa (9,65 MM).

6pHTaHCKHH « 8C6AH ~kV1 » (cnpaoa). THnWIHbiH

KpynHOKa-

AH6epHb1H Ci\}')KC:6Hb1H peBOA!.BCp. llieCTHlapliAHOC OpYJKHC: C OTKHAbiB310W,HAI CJI BHI13 CTB()1\0M KaAH6pa 3bl

0,455 AIOHMa,

fHAb-

Bb16paCbiB310TCJI 3BTOM3THqe-

CKH. OoJ!BHIICll o

1915

r. 11 Cll.y-

>KHII ew,e 130 opeM1! 2-H MHpoBOH BOHHbl. KypOK B3BOAHTb MO>KHO 6biAO XOTb pyKOH, XOTb cnyCKOBbiM KpJOqKOM. naTpOH Afl.ll pCBOIIbBC:pa • Be611H" (cnpasa) KaAH6pa

~acwTa6

144

I: I.

0,455 AJOiiMa.

f7 EIKOE CTPEJIKOBOE OPY)I(ME CospeMe H tlbie p e soAI>se pbi (CAesa) aMep11K3HCKoro np0113BOACTBa, C3MOB3BOAHhiC (KpOMC

1 «qepH biK n crpe6»

Pyrepa, Ho-

Ba$1 MOACAb. illeCTlo133p $1AHbiH pesoAbBep c PJ"'HbiM BJBOAOM 11 OTKlo1AhiB310W.CHC$1 Kpb!WKOH 6apa6aHa. J1cnOAb3YeTC$1, fAaBHbiM o6pa30M, AM OXOTHI1qbi1X 11 COOPTI1BHWC U,eACH. naTpOHbl KaA116p a

~-t/\1-1

0,38 AIOHMa

0,357 AIOHMa

«Cnewl13/\»

«MarHyM».

«XappHHI"I"OH-PH'13pACOH»,

MOAe/\b

900.

T11n~-tqHbiH ACWe-

BbiH peBOAnBep AM C3M033W.11Tbl. Aesl!TI13a p llAH biH 6apa6aH BbiHI1M3eTCll AM 33p$1)1(3HI1.R. naTpOHbl K3/\~-t6pa

0,22 AIOHM3.

«K OAb'I'-OHTOH ». MOW.HI>IH

WCCTH33pllAHbiH

OO/\~-tll,eHCK11H

11 apMCHCKI-IH peBOilbBep, MO)I(eT 6b1Tb BhiOOJIHCH 113 HCp)K38CIOlli,CH CTaAH. 0TKlo1AbiB310lli,I1HCll 6apa6aH. naTpOHbl K3JI~-t6pa

0,357 AIOHMa ••M arHyM». 4 MOACJ\b «CMHT-Becc oH, oxpaHa 3BH3/\HHHH» C paMOH 113 1\cfKOfO cnAasa 11 cKpbiTbiM KYPKOM. Bee 411 r (cpaBHHTC c 5). naTpOHhl KaA116pa

0,38 AIOHMa

· Coew~-t3A>>.

«CMHT-BcCCOH », MOAC/\b

29.

BbloycKacrcl! OOA oaTpOHbl Ka-

A~-t6pa 0,44 (HA11 0,4 1) AIOHMa «MamyM». Ha116oAec MOlli,HbiH peBOAbBcp B M11pe: AYALHall

3Hcpr~-tJI H3

30%

BbiWC, qeM y

6AI1)1(3HWCI"O 8 COBpeMeHHOCTI1 coocpH11Ka. illeCTI13apllAHbiH, C OTKI-!Abl8310lli,I-!MCll 6apa6aHOM. Bee 1330 r.

«CMH T-BeccOH», MOACAb

60,

«C OCU113JibHO AM wect>a», 1-13 Hep )I(3BC!Olli,CH cra1111. ConepweHuoe KOM03KTHOe 00/\11LI,CHCKOe n py-A<I1e, YA06Hoe AM CKpbiTOfO I I OWCHI1$1, OOA OaTpOHbl K3JII16-

Jl.l 0,38 AIOHMa

•Cncwi13A».

145

fiOAYABTOMATH'IECKHE IIHCTOAETLI C 3M03ap.RAHbi C mtCTOAeTbJ ( Cllc na) 1 nKCTOIIeT 6o p xa p ATa, 1893 r.- ncp8b1H ycnCWHbiH C3M03apl!,ll,H b1 H DI1CTOIICT, npep,WCCT8CHH11K •AJOrepa» (napa6CAIIyMa 08). K 311116p 7,63 MM. 2 6p3fHHHr, M OACIIb 1900 f. nep8b1H DI1 CT011CT, CKOHcrpy11p083HHbiH EpaytHitlfOM. vbroT0811113 6ellbrHHCK3l! <j>HpMa. KaJIH6p 7,65 MM. 3 · Mapcp C96•. C 1896 r. npoH380AH11Cl! 8 pa31111'1Hb!X 11Crt 011· HCH HSIX. 0 pep,CT3811CH3 M OACI\b 19 16 r. K311116p3 9 MM C ACpeBl!HHOH K06ypOH, HCD011b3YCMOH B K3'1CCTBC np11KA3A3. 4 6biCOKOMOW.HbiH «6p3fHHH r Ml935". CnpocKT11p08aH 8 6 CIIbfl111 8 1935 r. 3ACCb npCA· CT3811CHa acpc1111 • No2 Mkl •, npo11380AH8W 3l!Cll 8 KaH3AC AJ1J1 6pHT3HCKOH apM1111, i 3-3a pl!,ll,H3ll 1 K3JIH6p 9 MM. 5 • B3AbTc p P 38 •. AesSITH 3apRAHbiH, C n pCAOXp3HHTCIICM 11 caM08380AOM, 8pCMCH 2-H MHpoBOH 80HHbl. V13fOTa8111183CTCll c IIC60IIbWHMI1 H3MCHCHHitMH cw,e 11 cerOAHl!. K311116p 9 MM. 6 • 83AbTCp PPK•. A66pc811arypa 110-HCMCU.KH 03 113'13CT: «001111· U.CHCKHH DHCTOIICT, rp033 KpH· MHH3113•. K311116p 7,65 MM. 7 • XeKAep 11 K ox VP70... 3To opy:>t<l1e 7{}-x fOAOB. V1MCeT OC06b1H DCpCKIIIO'l3TC/Ib AJ1J1 CTpCAb6bl KQpOTKHMI1 O'tCpC/VIMH no 3 03TpoH3 c nlle'leaoro ynopa. M ara311H AJ1J1 18 OaTpoHOB K3JIH6pa 9 MM.

Hx 'faCTo

n ep C33 p.R )I(3H K C C KCD0Ab30 83HKCM 9H CpntK OTAll'fK CB060,Il,HQI'O J aTBopa (cnpaoa) MH, a aOTOM3TH4CCKH npOH3BO.ll HTCH JJHWb nep e3ap$1)1(3H HC 3Ta npocrei:iwal! CHCTCMa npH· (MO:>KHO Ha3bi83Tb TaKOC opy)l(}fe <<CaM033p $UlHbiM* ). Ll.JJH HOMCHl!CTCl! 8 DHCTOJICT3X H opy:>KHH HC60IIbWOf0 K311H6pa. BOfO BbiCTpeJJa Ha.D.O OCBOfiO.llHTb, a 33TCM CHOBa H3)1(aTb Ha CTBOII H M3CCHBHbiH 33T80p crrycKOBOH Kp1040K . n epe.n n epBblM BbiCTpCJJOM CTpCJJOK np11 BbiCTpCIIC HC COeAI1HCHbl BCT3BJJ$JCT 3anoJJH CHHbt r.\ Mara3H H B nonocTb pyKO.S'ITKH H nocbt - Apy r C ApyroM :>t<CCTKO (A). V1nCpU.11l! M3CCbl (a T3K:>!<C ynpy· JJaeT naTpOH 8 naTpOHHHK. n pH 3TOM y.napHHK CT3HOBHTCH H a rOCTb 8038p3THOH npy:>t<11Hb1) 33B380ll. 6011 blill!HCTBO TaKHX KOHCTpy KUHH ITOHBHJI HCb CUlC llO MeAJIJ!eT OTKpbiTHC 33TBOpa {B ) l-i1 MHpoBOH BOIDlbt. H3CTOJibKO, 'IT06bl nyi\JI ycnC/13 8b1HTH 113 CTB0/13 11 A3BIICHHC raP3c nOAO)I(CHKe M3ra3KH 3 (cnpa33 yna11o. ConpoTI1BIICHI1C Tpe· 8a). Y HCKOTOpbiX CT3pb1X MOAeHl1l! MC:>f<AY ntllb30H H naTpOH· 1\CH M3f3311H pacnOIIO:>!<CH nepep, H11KOM TO:>t<C 33Mep,JIJICT ABH:>t<eHHC 33TBOpa, DOK3 OH3 DOJ\HQcnycK080H CK060H (a), KaK y MHOr033piiAHbiX p)')KCH {eM. CTbiO HC 8b1HACT 113 naTpOHHHKa crp. 136-141). Y 60IIbW11HCT83 (C). 3aTBOp, ABI1f3$1Cb H333A, C:>K11M3CT rrp)')K11Hy, KOT0p3$1 33· DI1CTOIICT08 M3f3311H 8CT38JIJICT· D3C3CT 9HeprHI0 1 HC06XOA11M}'l0 C$1 o pyKOl!TKY (b). T aKoe peweHHe AC113CT Op)')KHC 60IICC KOM· AJIJI D0A3'1K ClleA}'lOW.CfO naTpoH3 8 n aTpOHHI1K. D3KTHbiM 11 ypa8H08CWCHHbiM. H33bt B310T «3BTOMant 4 eCKHMH •>, 4TO HCKOppeKT-

HO, ITOCKOJJ bKY OroH b BC.llCTC$1 TOJibKO O.llHH04HbiMH BbiCTpCJJa-

c 146

f7ErKOE CTPEJIKOBOE OPY>KIIIE

C HC'T<:Mbl nepoapiDKaHlUI c JanHpaeMbtM J aTBOpOM.

A./I.JI

naTPOHbl (CAe8a) AByx H3H60ACC

HC-

pacnpocrpaHCHHHX KaA116po8

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AMI. OOAY38TOMaTH'ICCK11X 011CT()o

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b 0,45

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nHCTO-

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11 11(.."T0ACT3 33011p3CT CT801\ C noMO W.biO W3ptntpHOI"O MCX3HI1 3Ma. 0HI1 C6AOK11p083Hbl Apyr C ApyroM AO

Tcx nop, noKa cpeA-

1111i1 wap111-1p ocraCTCll HH)KC IIAOC KOCTI1 ABYX Apyr11X ( a ). n p11 RhiCTpCAC CTDOA 11 33T80p OOA 803ACi1CTBI-ICM OTA3'1H oT6paCbl· BJIOTCll H33:1A H CK0Ab311T 00 H3· npa BAAIOW.HM )KCA063M p3Mb1. l(ep e3 HCCKOAbKO M11M11MCTp08 cpCAH11i1 wapnHp 8hiTaAKI18aCTUI BBCpX KpHB0AHHCi1HbiMI1 Obi· CTy 03MH H3 p3MC (b). 6AOK pa3"bCA11HRC"I"ClC: 33T80p npOA0/1JKJCT ADHf3TbCll H33:1A y)KC 6C3 CT BO/\a H 8b1Tllf1183CT 113 HCfO nycry 10 fi1Ab3y. llapa6CMYM C03A383AH 8 pa3· .\H'IHhiX B3pH3HT3X, KOTOpbiC OT-

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7,65

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9 MM

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19).

1911 Al •,

113DCCTHbli1

,IMCpHK3HCKHi1 C3M033pllAHhli1 UHCTOACT, npCACT3DAACT T3K H3· lbiOJCMYIO «C I1CTCMy C KOpOTKI1M o6paTHbiM XOAOM». Ana 3300pllb1X BhiCTy03 H3 CT80/\C nepCA IIJTpOHH11KOM CUCOACH bl C COOT·

IICTCTBYIO W.11MI1 0333MI1 8 33T8<>pe..,.C3A33KaX» ( a ). npH 8hiCTpCAC t1AOK K3K OAHO UCAOC CKO/\b311T ll,lJ.lA, 33TCM CTD0/1 OTKAOHllCTCll IIIIH3 11 pa3"bCA11HllCTCll C 33TB<>Jl0M (b). :3THM ADH)KCHHCM vnpa OAACT 38CHO·«YJAC'IK3», pac110/\0lKCHHOC OOA naTpOHHHKOM. ··C311:13 KH» 6eryT A3AbWC H333A 0AH I1 11 8b1Tllfi18310T nyCTyiO ntilbly.

B 1923 r. 6payHI1Hr YA)"'WHA opHfHtlaAbHYIO 8Cpc1110

1911

II 0603H3'111A CBOIO MOACAb K3K 191 1 A I; noA 3T11M 11MCHCM oHa

,\0 CI1X nop H31"0TaBAI183CTCll 11 11p11MCHJICTCll 80 MHOrHX CTp3H3X M 11p3. naTpOHhl K3A116pa 0,45 AIOi1Ma ACP (11,43 MM x

23).

L_______________

147

ABTOMATLI AHHApH~CCKOfO

HAH AHCK080f0

MaraJHHa . ABToMaThl MHpOB bU

BOHH

(cAe8a)

1 •6eprMaH MP18j l ... nep8b1H He-MCUKI-!H aBTOMaT. Ou 6biA npHMe HCH Clli,C 8 1918 f. H3 3an:J,N-IOM cppoHTe. AJ,!cKOBbiH Maf33HH THn; " YAHTKa• (He nOK333H) KpcmtTOI

BHA OrHJ!

CAC83.

TOAbKO 3BTOM3·

TH'lecKHH. T eMil crpeA~>6bl -

400 8b1crp/ MHH. KaAH6p 9 MM. 2 • lllMaH.ccep MP4Q,., fepMaHHJI. Ynpow.eHH<UI aepcHJI aBTOMaTa • lliMa.-:iccep MP3S.., rAe 8nepoble 6biA npHMeHCH CKAaAHOH nAC'Ie-BOH ynop.

BHA on-IJI

TOAbKO ao-

TOM3TH'lecKI-!i1. TCMn crpeilb6bl -

500 8b1crp/MHH. KaAH6p 9 MM. 3 nnW-41, CCCP. npocroi1, 110 H3AC:iKH bi H 3BTOM3T KOHcrpyKUH~ WnarHJ-13.

B AHCK080M

Mara3HH<

BMClll,3eTOI CCMJ>AecSIT A83 naTpo113.

/!.JJa

811A3 OrHJI: OAHHO'lHbiH

H aBTOMaTH'lecKHH. TCMn crpcAJ..-

900

6bl -

8blcrp.j~um. KaAH6p

25 • TOKape8• nHCTOAeTa TT).

7,62 MM X

4 "OreH" Mk2. rAywHTeAeM.

(na-rpoH

noKa3all3 aepcwS! (

B 6pWTaHHH

8 roAN

2-.-:i Mwpoaoi1 80HHbl npo~>~lBOAH AHCh MJ-IOfO'IHCACHHbiC 83pH3HTbl ;rroro Aewcooro Opy:iKHII. Pe:iKHM bl 0AHH0 '1 Hb1H 11 aDTOM3TWtecKHH. TCMn crpeAh6bl wi-1Tti\JI-

450 (6e:l

rAy-

8hlcrp/MHH. Ka--

9 MM.

AH6p

550)

AMepHKaHcKHH

6AaroAaps

csoei1 cpopMe nOA}"'HA npo3BH· lli,C • M3CACHK3• . Vl.MCC'l' 8biA811f310lli,HHCSI ynop MJ1 nAC'Ia.

BHA A BTOMaTbl SIBJHIIOTCSI KOMn a KTHbl M , non HOCTbiO a BTOManc ' ICCKHM o p y )I(H e M 6n H)I(Hero 6oSI . E ro KoH u e nUHSJ n OJIIHKJra CLI.tC 8 rO)lbl 1- H: MHpOBOH BOHHbl , 110 KOHKpeTHbt e KOH CTp y K UHH n OSJBHnHCb cn HW KOM n OJ)lH O, 'lT06bJ HaMTH WHpOKOC npHMCH CH H e B XO)le OKOnHbl X Cp ruKeHHH TOH BOHHbl.

60nb-

AH 6pa

a8TOMaTa -

'ICCKYIO 8biABH:iKHYIO KOHCTpyKUHIO

80H ynop AeAaeT opy:iKHe ew.e KOMn3KTHCH, ~0 OC06CHHO B3:iKHO npH

nepCA8H:iKCHHH.

Ynop MO:iKeT CKA3AJJIB3TbCll AH6o BHH3, AH60 860K p11AOM C 33TB<>pOM ( A ), HAH H.MeTb TCACCKOnH·

(8).

B B

6Aa f OA3pll 3TOMY 33ACp:iKHB3eT·

Cll OTKpb!THC, H A38ACHHe f333 8

C a o 60AHbiH JaTBop (8blwe)

3TO YA06crso noAJ..-

J083HHSI HM. CKA3AHOH nAe'le-

ACP.

oroH b 110 OKOH'la HH.SI 6oenp11nacos c nne'la, c 6e11p a HnH OT

CKA3AHOH DAC!'leao it ynop

0,45 AIOHMa

l_l.~~~;;..;..;.~.:..:.J.iiiiiiiiJr-------~~ll~

WHH CTBe a BTOM3TOB HCnOnb3yiOTCSI nHCTOneTH bl C n aTpOH bl, 11

(cnpasa). fAaBHOC A0CTOHHCT80

TOAbKO 38TOM3TH'Ie-

~~~~~~:~~:-;~r~ ~ b~~~~==~-------~· p

cpaBH HTenbH O H CBenHK3SI CHna 0Tll3'll1 n03BOmteT BCCTH

)I(H BOTa.

OfHJI -

CKHH. TCMn crpeA&6bl 450 BbiCTp.jMHH. n:rrpOIIbl Ka-

6oAJ>WHHCTBe asTOM3T08 HC·

CTBOAC OaAJeT AO 6e30naCHOH

BeAH~HHbl. 3aTCM 33TBOpHbiH

nOAb3YeTCll 3T3 npocr<UI CHCTe.Ma.

6AOK A811)KeTCSI H333A, 8b1TllfH·

<AI>YTHe CHCTelY\bl CM. Ha crp. 21 1.)

B3eT nycry10 rHA&Jy H C:iKHM3eT

1 B MOMeHT

8blcrpeAa CT80A 3a-

Kpb1T C Ka3CHHOH ~3CTI1 AHWb 33 C~eT ynpyrocrw 8038p3THOH npy:iKHHbl ( a ) H HHCpUHOHHOCTW 33T80pHOf0 6AOK3

(b).

8038paTHytO npy-A<HHy.

n py-A<HH3 oT6paCb183eT 33TB0p-

Hb!H 6AOK CH083 8nepeA, nOCbl· A<UI npH 3TOM CACAytOW.WH naTpOH 8 naTpOHHHK, H npOH38()o AHTCSI HOBWH BbiCTpeA. n aTp<>Hbl 06b!'IHO nOA310TCll H3 UW·

148

flErKOE CTPEJIKOBO£

OPY>KME

H eKOTOp&le aBTOMaTbJ OOCACBOCHHOl'O BpCMCHH (cAeBa)

1 «Tiop-r-{:aJ;tA», Cfi10CTCKAA KQmHI W BCACKOH MOACMI 458 «KapA fycraa». DAc'leaoi1 ynop

CKJ\3Ab!Bacrc~ a6oK. B I1A orH~ TOAbKO aBTOMaTI1'lCCKI1i1. T eMn crpeAb6b! - 600 Bb!CTp.jMI1H. DaTpOHbl KaA116pa 9 MM x 19. 2 «Y 3H », llhpa11Ab. KoMnaKTHoe opy)!(I1C, M3 f 3311H BCT3BJ\JICTCSI B pyKOSITKy. Eb!B3CT co CKJ\3AHb!M np11KA3AOM. Asa B11Aa OfH ll: OAJ.tHO'IH b! H 1-1 3BTOM3TI1'ICCKI1H. TeMn cTpeAb6bl 600 Bb!CTp.jM~-tH. DaTpOHb! KaA116pa 9 ,\-\M X 19.

K-SOM,

CesepHb!H B&crHaM.

VbMCHCHHb!H COBCTCKJ.t H DDlll-4 1 C Bb!AB11)!(Hb!M 0/\C'IeBb!M yn opoM. B11A o rHll - TOAbKO aaTOMaTH'ICCK11H. TeMn crpeAb6bl -

700 Bb!CTp.jMJ.tH.

D aTp OHbl KaA116pa 7,62 MM x 25 •ToKapeo». 4 • HHrp:~M, MOACJ\b 11». AMep~-t K3HCKI1i1 HC3pMCHCKI1H 38TQM3T, KOTOpbiH OOKynaJOT M HQfi1C crpaHbl; J.tCOO/\b3YeTCSI CCKpeTHblMI1 C/\y)!(6aMI1. Lf aCTb ynopa 8b!A8J.tf3CTCll, ApyraSI CK/\3Abi83CTCSI. As a BI1A3 orH~. T eMn crpeAb6bl - 1200 8b!CTp.jMI1H. DaTpOHhl K3A116pa 0,380 AIOHMa ACP (9,65 MM). «B3A&Tep MPL». HeMeU.K~-ti1,

HeapMcHCKIAH, J.tC00Ab3yeTCll no/\1-tUJ.tCH 1-1 norpaHJ.t'IHJ.tK3MI1.

CKA3Ab!BaJOLU~-ti1cll s6oK ynop.

Asa

811A3 orHl!. TeMn crpeAb6br- 550 8b!CTp./MI1H. DaTpOHbl K3/\J.t6pa 9MMX 19.

«TOMDCOH», MOACAb 1928 (Bblwe). <<TOMMJ.t-38TOM3T» CACJ\3/\1-1 3HaMeHI1TbiM npe)!(Ae scero

raHrcrepb! (cAesa) npeMeH «cyxoro 33KOHa• 8 20-x roAax 8 ClllA. TeM n crpeAD6&J, YJ<33b!BaeMhli1 a nepC'iHC xapaKTepWCTIIK Op)"A<W~, SI BJ\JieTC~ TO/\bKO TeOpeTWICCKOH

OH HCOAHOKpaTHO OOABeprMCR J.t3MCHCH11RM; BO BpCMS! 2-H M11p. soi1Hbl npHMeH~ACll aMepwKaH-

u.w<Ppoi1. Aei1crswTeAbfla~ )!(C (6o-

UaMW 11 3Hf/\11'13H3MI1. MOACJ\b 1928 11MCeT pmKKOBbiH M3f3311H

esAA) CKOpocrpeAbHOCTb 33BI1CI1T CIUC OT BpCMCH I1, OOTpa'!CHHOfO

A11CKOBbiH Ha 50 11/\11 100 OaTpo-

na pyqH}'IO 3aMeHy Mara311Ha 11 nepe3ap~AKY·

Ha 20 11/\11 30 naTpOHOB /\1160 HOB K3/\116pa 0,45 AJOHMa ACP (11,4 MM X 23).

149

CAM03AP~HLIE H lliTYPMOBLIE BHHTOBKH H ABTOMATLI

B~1.!lbl opy)I(HJl, p accMaTpHsaeMbi e a 3TOM p a3nene, Hc-

1 «MOHAparoH•,

nonb3yJOT '-laCTb 3Hep n m nopOXOBbiX ra30B, '-IT06bl B3BeCTH KYPOK 11 3ap51llHTb HOBbii1 narpoH. CaMo3apRllHaR BHHTOBKa C'-IHTaeTCR nonyaBTOMaTW.IeCKHM Opy)I(MeM, a TaK Ha3 b1Bae-

MOA(:Ab

1908

8aAaCb 8 M eKCHKe, a H3rOTa8AH·

HMCHI1 KOHcrpyKTOpa.

8aAach 8 WueiiuapHH. Mara3HH

8a.R cepHHHaJI caM03apliAHail

AMI

UHJI. AoTOMaTH'IeCKoe opy1K1-1e,

ToMaTax H wrypMOBbiX BHHTOBKaX '-law.e HCnOllb3YlOTCR 6onee

orpaHI-!'ICHHO

nerKH e 6oenpHnaCbl, <JeM B CaM03apRJlHbl X BHHTOBK3X.

1-i1

npi-!MCH)l8WCCCil

MHp080i1 aoiiHe. Mara-

31-! H Ha

8 MM

naTpOH08 K3A116pa

x SOR •/\e6CAb».

O e p eJa pmKa HHe c HcnoA.bJ OBaa

••il!l•••!!!lll!l!!!!il!!j!!!!!!!!!!!!!l

150

(8 8epCl1 H M2 MOIKeT

15 30

(KaK H306p3)1(CHO) naTpOH08 KaAH6pa

2-.:i MHp080H 80HHe. Mara3~otH

803BpaTHYIO npf~KHHY ( c ). 3aTeM

BHHTOBKH (88epxy)

OrpaHH'IeHHO np11MCH)!A3Cb 80

fl183eT nyCTyJO fHJ\b3y H CIKI-!M3eT

PaHHHe ca MoJ apSJAHbiC

6HH

BCCTH OfOHb T3KIKC 8 a8TOM3Tl1·

0,30 AJOHMa •Kapa6HH Ml» (7,62 MM X 33). 5 BHHTOBKa 43. fepMaH~otJI.

CT80AOM, ABHIKeTCil H333A, 8b1Til·

H npo u.ecc nOBTOplleTC)l.

H 8 Kopee. M ara3HH Ha

8 naTpOH08 KaAl16pa 0,30-06 (7,62 MM X 63). 4 J\erKHH aMepl1K3HCKl1H Kapa-

loii\H Ha

3aTBop pacuerwre-rcJ~ co

npf~KHHa 6pocae-r ero o nJITb 8ne-

8l1HT08Ka. ApMH.R C iliA npHMe

WCHh C KOpOTKHM XOAOM. Mara

8epCTI1e 8 nep CAHCH '13CfH CTBOI\3

PCA.

nep-

HJIJ\a ee 80 2-H M11p080H 80HHC

311H Ha

Hbl ( a) . O p11 8blcrpeAe '1epe3 o-r-

(b).

dTO

'ICCKOM peiKHMe). fa308biH nop-

~~~~-l:llaiii!IIII.R!!!Jl!!!!i!!!!!!!!!!!!!

peA3 33TB0p H CfBOA C6AOK11pOB3·

poM

AMepHKaHcKaJI BHHTOBKa Ml.

llacro Ha3b1Ba!OT «f3paHA», no

8 naTpOH08 KaA1-16pa 7 MM x 57 «M ay3ep». 2 R SC, MOACAb 19 17 r. paHllHTb OllHHO'-IHbl e BblCTpenbl , 11 aeCTH oroHb O'-lepeJlRMH. B aa-

ra3 A3BHT Ha nopweHb ra3oaoro WTOKa, COCAHHCHHOrO C 33TBQ-

CKoHcrpyHp08aHa H HCnOAb3o-

Mble wrypMOBble BHHTOBKH (11 aBTOMaTbl) MOryT H npOH3BO-

HHeM ::mepntH OOpOXOBbi X raJOB (cnpaua). K MOMCHTY Bblcr-

+--

lc:::::,

Ha 10 naTpOH08 7,92 MM X 57.

K3AH6pa

f7Er KOE CTPEJ7KOBOE OPY?KME

(][)

C aM 03apnAHLJe BHHTOBKH uocAe 1945 r OA3 (aaepxy) I • XaKHM ••. EnmCTCKH~ napH.liiT WBCACKOfO 3BTOM3TWiCCK01'0 opyiKHSI. Mara3HH Ha 10 naq>OHOB K3AH6pa 7,92 MM X 57. l MAS 49. paHuy3CKOC aBT<>" '·'TwteCKoe Op}"A<HC, pa60T310IIlCC H3 TOM IKC npHHUHflC OTII<lA3 nopOXOBbiX ra30B, HO 6e3 IIITOKa. Bo cppaHUY3CKO~ apMHH l 1949 r. M ara3HH Ha 10 naTpoltOB K31\H6pa 7,5 MM X 54 M 1929.

KHTa~cKaSI KO- 5 CBA. CoseTcKall cHa~nepcKall mtSI co neTCKoro CKC. B KHTae BI1HTOBKa KOHcrpyKUHH AparyHOBa. TeACCKonwo~eCKI1H npHAO CHX nop H3XOAHTCSI H3 ueA, M3f33HH H3 10 naTpOHOB aoopy1KeHI1H MHI\11UHH. Maracraporo pyccKoro KaAH6pa 3HH H3 JO naTpOHOB K31\H6pa 7,62 MM X 54R, OOCKOI\bKY OHH 7,62 MM X 39 M 43. o6ecnC'IHil31\H AY'JWYKJ TO'I4 Ml4. npeAWCCTBCHHHU3 Ml6 HOCTb nonaA3HH». 11 npeeMHHUa M l «f3paHA». Mara311H Ha 20 naTpoHon KaAH6pa 0,308 AKl~Ma (7,62 MM X 51 NATO).

3 Kapa6HH M65.

BHHTOBKa Ll Al (BH113y). opHTaHcKaSI nepCHSI 6el\bfH~CKOH FN FAL (anTOMaTH'ICCKoro opyIKHSI, npHMCHliCMOfO MHOfHMH fOCYA3pCTil3MH) - nOAyaBTOMaT c npHKI\3AOM 113 •tepHOH fli\3CTMaCCbl. Mara3HH ~ta 20 naTpoHOil K3AH6pa 7,62 MM X 5 1

NATO.

151

CAM03APJit);HLIE H WTYPMOBLIE BHHTOBKH H ABTOMATLI

YroA ynopa (cnpasa). 06bi'IHO OTOrHyrble BHH3 npHKA3AI>i (a) X)"Ke np~-tcnoco6AeHbl MJI socnpHliTHll OTA3'111 np11 BCACHI111 aBTOMaTH'ICCKOro orHll. Ocb KaHa/13 CTBOAa, BAOAb KOTOpOH HanpaBI\CHa CH/\3 OTA3'1H np11 BbiCTpCAC, HC COBD3A3CT C OCbiO np11KA3Aa. no:noMy CTBOI\ flOCI\C nepsoro )I(C BbiCTpeAa noA6pacbJsaeT ssepx. npl!MOH np11KA3A (b) o6ecne'!I1BaeT opy)I(HJO ropa3AO 60AbWYIO yCTOH'111BOCTb. lla-rpoH&J (cnpasa) 6blswero BapwaocKoro naKTa 11 HATO. AsTOMaT AK-47 11 ero sepc1111 33pli)I(310TCll K0p0TKI1MH naTpoHaMI1 7,62 MM X 39 M43 (1). B apM11liX HATO AOArl1e fOAbl 11CnOAb30B3AI1Cb 60ACC MOW,Hble naTpOHbl 7,62 MM x 51 (2). Tenepb npo11CXOA11T nosceMeCTHOe BbiTCCHCHHC 11)( naTpOH3MH K3A116pa 5,56 MM X 45, HO apMHll fepM3HI1H 11Cfl0Ab3YCT ew,e CT3pble, C 60AblliOH npo6HBHOH CI11\0H, naTpOHbl 7,62 MM X 51.

152

l loAy- K nOI\HOCTbJO aBTOM3Tli'ICCKOC Op~KC (BBepxy) a 1 FG42 l!BAl!CTCll cpCAH11M oap11aHTOM MC)I(Ay WTypMOBOH B11HTOBKoi1 11 aBTOMaTOM, COJAaH cneu.H31\bHO AAll napawJOTHbiX soi1cK so BpeMll 2-j:j MHp. BOi1Hbl. nepsoe +-- Op}"A<HC C npl!Mb!M np11KA3AOM. b +- r""""-""::::::::::::~::===::!:J Mara311H Ha 20 naTpOHOB KaA116pa 7,92 MM X 57 «Mapep» C 1\CBOH CTOpOHbl. TCMil CTpCAb6bl750 BbiCTp.jMI1H.

2 MP44 (nolAHee o6o3Ha'laAOCb K3K WrypM083ll 811HTOBK3 StGw 44). 3-ro HeMeu.Koe opy)I(HC 2-i1 M11p0BOH BOHHbl 11MCAO BfiOI\HC COBpCMCHHbiC I1Mll 11 BJ1A. TeMn CTpeAb6bl 500 BbiCTp.jM11H. Mara311H sMew.aA 30 naTpOHOB K3A116pa 7,92 MM X 33 <<Kypu.••. 3 «CET ME,., MOACAb C. 3Ta 11CnaHo-HeMCUKall MOACI\b 6b1A3 npCACT381\CH3 8 p331\l1'1Hb1X 11CDOJ\HCHI1liX. 3ACCb UOK333H3 061\Cf'ICHHall BepCHll C M3f3311HOM Ha 20 naTpOHOB (KaA116pa 7,62 MM x 51 NATO 11 Apyr11e). 3To op}"Kl1e, nepe3apl!)l(aeMoe :mepr11ei1 OTA3'111, C pOA11K08biM 3aToopoM. T CMn crpeAb6bl 550-650 BbiCTp.jMI1H. 4 AlrroMaT G3A3. CospCMeHHoe Op}"Kl1e HCMeu.Koi1 apM1111. Co3A3H Ha OCHOBe «CETME>>. 3aKYUAeH 11 APYfl1M11 apMHl!MI1. TeMn CTpeAb6bl - 550 Bb1CTp.jM11H. KaA116p 7,62 MM X 51 NATO.

f7ErKOE CTPEJIKOBOE OP}')I(/IIE

CospeMeHHbie asTOMaTbi (cAesa). V1Jo6pa)f(eHHOe Op)T)l<J.te MQ)f(eT BeCTI1 OrOHb OA11HO'!Hb!MI1 BhiCTpeAaMI1 111111 O'lepeM~MK 1 «KaAamHHKOB AK-47». CoaeTCKI1i1 3BTOMaT, KOTOpblH B pa3AWIHhiX 11Cfi01\HeH11.l !X np11MeHKACK apM11l!MI1 11 napT1133H3MI1 80 MH0f11X CTpaH3X. Vbo6pa)f(eHH3ll aepCHK 11MeeT )f(eCTKHH AepeBl!HHhli1 np11KII3A. TeMn CTpC11b6bl - 600 BhiCTp.jMI1H. M ara3HH Ha TP11AU.3Tb naTpoHOB KaA116pa 7,62 MM X 39. 2 «f aAJfll ARM». vhpa11Ab HCnOIIb308311 ero BO BpeMll 6-AHeBHOH BOHHbl 1967 r. CKIIaAHOH np11KA3A- Ynop noA AYIIO Ha AByx HOJKKax. TeMn CTpelll>6bl 650 BhiCTp.jMHH. Mara3HH Ha 35 naTpOHOB K311H6pa 5,56 MM X 45. 3 AR18. Ha~-t6oAee no3AHJU! HeapMei1cKall aepcHK M1 6. TeMn CTpelll>6hl - 800 Bhlcrp.jMHH. Mara3HH Ha 20 n aTpOHOB K3AH6pa 0,223 AIOHM3 (5,56 MM X 45). 4 «OH<I;>Jf!IA JW,. (HHAHBHAYaAbHOe Op~~-te). npCAH33H3'13ACSI A/Ill 6p11TaHcKoi1 apM~-tH. PyKol!TKa H cnyCKOBOH KpiO'IOK pacnOIIO)f(eHbl nepCA 33TBOpOM, 'ITO n0380/111110 npH A/IHHHOM CTBQ1\e C03A3Tb KOMnaKTHOe 0p~11e. YKoMnlleKToaaH onTH'IeCKHM np11U.CIIOM. TeMn crpe11o6bl 700- 850 BhiCTp.jMHH. Mara3HH H3 20 naTpOHOB K311116pa 4,85 MM. C 1986 r. BhlnycKaeTC11 KaK SA80 (eM. crp. 284} noA naTpOHhl KaAH6pa 5,56 MM X 45.

M16 Al (c11esa). OcHOBH<UI BHHTOBKa aMep~-tKaH CKHX BOOp~eHHhiX CHI\. V1cnOIIb30B3113Cb 80 BbeTHaMCKOH soi1He. 3aMeHeHa a 1986 r. Ha M 16 A2. Kopnyc H3rOTOBIIeH H3 llerKoi1 Aer~-tposaHHOH craIIH. npHK113A 113 nllaCTMaCChl. TeMn crp eAb6bl 700-950 BhiCTp.jMHH. M ara3HH Ha 20 HIIH Ha 30 (11306pa)f(eHO) naTpOHOB K3A116pa 5,56 MM X 45.

CoseTCKHM AKM (H11)f(HI1K u.esa) l!B/IJICTC11 nocACAHei:t MOAe/lbiO 3BTOM3TI1'1eCKOfO Kapa611H3, pa3pa60T3HH0f0 a CCCP- YA}"'meMHOH sepc11ei1 AK-47. Mara311H Ha 30 na1J>OHOB KaAH6pa 7,62 MMX39. TeMn crpellb6hl- 600 BhiC1J>.jMHH. AsroMaT AK-74 KaA116pa 5,45 MM B KOHU.e 70-x fOAOB npHWe/1 Ha CMeHy auTOMaT)' AKM.

153

rPAHATOMETLI H BHHTOBO'IHLffi rPAHATLI 3ToT

pa.Jnen

noCB$1UJ.CH p }'l{ HbiM rpaHaTOMCTaM, a TaiC4<e

rpa H aTaM , KOTOpbl M H CTpCJUJIOT 113 CTpen KOBOro opy)I( H$1 C IlOnonHHTeRbHbiM H Op HCOOC0 6neHH$1 MH HnH 6e3 HH X. 3TH HIICH H38CCTH bl e w.e CO Bp CMCH

1-!1 M HpOBOH

BOHH bl , K Or)la BOCIIHbiX

H HTep ecosana 803MO)I(HOCTb HaHTH KOM OaKTHOC Cp C,ll.CTBO Jl/Ul OOpruKCRtt$1 6poH HpoBaHHOH TeX H HKH. Py>i H blC rpaH 3TOMeTbl (BBepxy) liBAJ!IOTCll npOCTO ACfKI1M OrHeCTpCAbHbiM Opy)I(HCM 60AbWOf0 K3Mt6pa. 0HI1 MOryT crp<:Al!Tb rpaHaTaMH, CH3pliA3M11 CO CAC3Q-

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•

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162

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a 3aTOop

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(8);

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(A),

6e3

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BHHTOBOH 33TBOp c pa3opaaH-

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(1).

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(2).

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CHCTCMOH ynAOTHCHI151 Ae EaH)I(a.

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e CTeHKa CTBOAa

CHAbHO, 'ITO OHO OAOTHO BA3BAI1-

(a 11MCHHO: C fl1Ab30H

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c YnAOTHRJOW.HH rp1160K

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0 PY,D.Vffl

«A pMCTpOH r»

12-<PyHTOBblii

(cnpaaa), nepaoe coapeMeHHoe K33H03apl!AHOe opyA11e.

18 59 f. IlOCTyilHAO H3 BOOp}')KeH 11C 8 6p11T3HCK)'10 IJOAeByJO apTI1MCp1110. )KeAe3Hblii YAAI1H eHHbl ii CH3pllA, 33KAIO'ICHHbiH B MllrKYIO CBI1HU,OByJO 060A0'1Ky, KOTop<UJ npu nNcrpeAe spe3aAacb B Hape3KY CTBOAa, 11MCA B.blCO K)'IO TO'IHOCTb Il0Il3A3HI1ll. H eKOTOpble 113 3TI1X 12-<PyHToBbiX opyA11H K3AH6pa 7 6,2 MM n p11Me Hl!AHCb B fpa~HCKOH n oi1 He a CiliA 1861-1865 rr. M craTeA hH Oe

(nopo x) Japll-

ll<aAo cb OTACAbHO OOCAC CHapliA3, KOTOpbiH MOf 6b1Tb wpanHCAbHI>I M, KapTe'IHbiM 111\11 6p1133 HTH biM (nee 5 2 40 r ) .

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CTJ>CAb6a npn M oj:i H Henp»MOK

«BHAKa>+ (ablwe). Koppe~>."f11po-

3oHa nona,A,aHHn (n~>~we}. Aa:ll<e

T O'IHOCTb 0003A3HJHI. CACAYIO-

H aBOAJ<Oj:i (ablwe). Ao KOHU.a

oaTh HeAOAeTbl 11 nepeAeTbl TPYA-

npH 0AHH3KOBOM rrp11U.eAC CHapliA

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:lKC TO'IK)' BTOpoii TpaeKTOp1110 l10ACT3, AOA:li<Hbl

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n p11 H3BCACHI111

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MOMCHTOM, KOT0pbli1 B03HHK3eT

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(B).

1 /

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OOPCAeAl!IOT 3'1')' 30HY KaK 50%

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rrpoAOAbHYJO 30JiY paCCCHB3HI1.ll.

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(4)

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179

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pOJlOB noneBbi X opyJlHH .

P33BHTHC Aa<l>e'roa (ssepxy).

A3AbHOCTH crpCA&6bl. Kopo6qa-

CTapb1H MaCC 118HbiH Aa<j)eT (a )

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(b)

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fit

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I5-<Pytm>soc BL Mk2 (cnpasa 8HH3y). 3m K33H033pl!AHoe Opy-

KaAH6p 3 ~HMa (76,2 MM). AaJ\bHOCTb Bb1CTpeA3 5500 M.

AHC npHMCHJIAOCb B 6p11TaHCKOH n OACBOH apTHMCpHH 8 3HrAo6ypCKOH so.::iHe 1899-1902 rr.

B11A 6oenp11naco8: pa3ACAbHbl.::i; wpanHCAb. B ee CHapliA3 TOB

{6,34

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182

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(b),

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(CKOpOcrpeAbHOCTb) K33H03apJIA-

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B 11C-

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AaAbHOCTb BNCTpeAa 5400 M.

p1111 npOllBI1AO B Ha'laAe BOHHbl

COA,A,aT OT Bp3lKCCKOfO Of!ijj. C

HbiW KB3Ap3HT), a AAJ1 60KOBOW

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H3BOAK11 -

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(«naHopaMy»). Dp11 TpaHcnopT11-

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Ha6AIOA3Tb B i\oHAOHe AO CHX

3HeprJ.UI 0TA3'111 '1epe3 COWHI1K

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OTBOA11Aacb a 3eMAJO. TaK KaK

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np~-t

yrAOMepHNH Kpyr

npose,a.eHI111

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Bee cHapJIAa 12,5 cpyHTOB (5,66 Kr).

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C011HKI1 C11.ACHI1H A/Ill AByx K3· HOH11pOB, KOTOpbiC H3 M3pWC CI1Al!T nep(A W.11TOM. KaA116p 77 MM. A,ru\bHOCTb BNCTpC!Ia 8400 M. BH.A 6oenp11nacos: c6opHNH; wpanHC/IbHN C 1-1 6p~-t· JaHTHNe CHapliAN. B ee wpanHC/IbHoro CH3pliA3 6,8 Kr.

OTK11.ANB3TbCll snepCA, o6pa3yll

6pwraHCK3j! 6-AJOHMOB3.1l ray6Hu,a, ntn 26cwt (cnpasa). 06oJHa· 'ICHI1C •26cwt• OTIII1'13CT CC OT npe:>Kne.::i MOAC/111 «30cwt• (BeCOM 3000 C~YIITOB 6e3 Mlcpcra). 3-fo C3M311 M3CCOB311 6p11T3HCK3j!

KaA116p 6 AJOI1Moo ( 155 MM). ,Aal\bHOCTb Bb1CTpe113 8700 M. BH.A 6oenp11nacos: pa3ACAbHbli1; wpanHCIIb. 6p113:lHTifbiC, raJoBble cHapliAN. Bee c u apl!Aa 100 cj>yHTOB (45,3 Kr).

CpeAHliJI ray611JM~, 113 T3K11X npo113BCACHO np11MCpHO 22,4 Ml1/l· /11-10113 BbiCI'pCIIOB H3 3an3AHOM cj>pOIITC B 1915- 1918 rr.

CaMOXOAUbJC OPYAK SJ 11CnO/Ib3oB31\11Cb YIKC B 1-10 M11pOByJO BOH· Hy. K HHM np11H<IA/IC:>KI1T cppaHuyJcKa" nywKa ·CeH-illaMOH• (cnpasa), ycraHOBI\CHH3ll Ha ryCCH I1'1HOM wacc11 . DepeAHI1i1 TJ!f3'1 11MC/I reHepaTOp, KOTOpbiH

3/IC~~p03HCpr11CH

Tpa HcnopTHbiX cpCACTBa. B o 2-ii M11posoi1 CH36:>K3A no.::iHe np11MCHli/111Cb o6a C3MOXOAHbi C 001\CBbiC, npOTI1BQT3HKOBbiC 11 JCH11THNe opyAm~.

184

J~~~~,J~!;~~;:~J:~~~~~lE~~~~~f.-'d!~~~~~~~~!l~~~~~~!i

Ep11TaHCKoe 25-4>yHTOsoe opyAHe Mk2 (cnpasa). 3TOT nm «nyWKI1-ray611UN» 6NA W11pOKO pacnpocrpaHeH B 30-x 11 40-x rr. VbMeHHH Bei\11'111HY MeTaTeAbHOro 3apHA3, MOJKHO 6NAO BN6paTb TpaeKTOp1110 noAeTa CHapHA<!, xapaKTCpHyiO ANI nywKI1 Al16o ANI ray611uN. KpyrAaH onopHaH nA~-tTa BHI13Y n03BOMII\3 6blcrpo MCHJ!Tb H3BOAKY no a311MYJ'Y. TaK11e opyAI1H AO e~-tX nop eOCTO.SIT H3 BQ-

OpYJKeHI11-t B HeKOTOpNX apMH.SIX. KaA~-t6p 3,45 AIOHMa (87,6 MM). AaAbHOCTb BbiCTpeAa 12250 M. BHA 6oenp11nacos: c6opHNJ:i; 6p~-t33HTHNC, npOTHBOT3HKOBNC, AbiMOBbiC 11 OCBeTHTCI\.bHbiC eHap.S!Abl. Bee 6p~-t3aHTHoro CHapHAa 25 <jJyHTOB (11,33 Kr).

HeMeu;Koe 105-MM o pyAJte l eFH18 (cAeBa), CT3HA3pTH3ll 001\eBaH ray6~-tua C p33ABHlKHbiM Aa<jJeTOM ( 1935- 1945 rr.). 0Ha ~-tMeeT rOp1130HT31\.bHNH ypaBHQBeweHHbiH KI\HHOBOH 33TB0p. CpeA11 MHOr~-tx BHAOB CHapaAOB, KOT0p.b1MI1 CHa6JKaA3Cb 3T3 ray611ua, 6b1Aa 11 nponaraHAI1CTCKa.A rpaHaTa - o~•a pa36paebloaAa H3A u;eAbiO I\11CTOBKI1.

A.Mep~-tKaHeKaH 155- MM nyDJK3 (cnpasa BH~-t3y). 3ry nyrnKy no npo3BHlllY «A..\~-tHHbiH ToM»

11 ee npCAwecrseHHl1uy M 1 YJKC BO 2-J:i M11pOBOH BOHHe np~-tMe HJI/\11 eoJ03HHKH ANI crpeA.b6bl c BNCOKOH ToqHOCTbiO no yAaAeHHbiM uei\HM.

KaA~-t6p 105 MM. AaA&HOCTb BblcrpeAa 10670 M. BHA 6oenp~-tna con: c6opHb1H; 6p1133HTHble, npoTI1BOTaHKOBble, KYMYAATI1BHble, AbiMOB.ble, 3aJKI1f3TeA.bH.biC, nponar3HA11CTCKI1C H OeBeTI1TCAbHbiC eHapliA.bl. Bee 6p~-t3aHT HOro CHapSIA3 14,81 Kf.

K aA116p 155 MM. A,al\.bHOCTb BNcrpe/\3 22000 M. BHA 6oenp~-tnacos: pa3Ael\bHhrii; 6p1133HTHNe, npOTI180T3HKOBble 1-1 AbiMOBble eHapliAN. Bee 6p113aHTHoro CHapHAa 43 Kf.

185

llOAEBLIE OPYJJ;HJI, 3APJDKAEMLIE C KA3EHHOH 'IACTH <l>paHLI,y3CKlUI

MkF3

155-MM ray6Hu,a

3 KaA116p 155 MM. AaAbHOCTb 8biCTpCAa 20000 M. BWA 6oenp11na-

(enpa8a). 3Ta epeAH.IUI ray-

611L1,3 H3 caMOXOAHOM waee11 liB-

eo8: p33ACAbHbiH; 6p1133HTHbiC,

1\JleTCJI epeACTBOM 00MCp)I(X11

AbiM08lliC, Oe8CTHTCAbHbiC eHapli-

Q>paHLI,y3CKOH 6poHeTaHKOBOH AH-

Abl. Bee CH3pliA3 OKOAO 43 Kr.

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06w,He A3HHble. KaAs-t6p 8 AIOH-

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MaKCI1MaAbHall eKopocr~> nepe-

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e HapliA3 91 Kr.

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KaAH6p 76,2 MM. AaAbHOCTb 8bl-

K a K 11 MHOrl1e Apyr»e pyeex11e

crpeAa 13300 M. BWA 6oe-

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186

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187

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HeMeuKaJI 420-MM MOpTHpa Ml4 (cnpa8a). BapHaHT •60AbwoJ1 6ePTb1 • , KOTOpaJI 8 1914 r. pa3pywaAa 6CAbfHHCKHC CT3Ab· Hble 11 6eTOIIHble cj>opTbl. Bee CH3pHA3 810 Kr.

C HapMbl (e.Ae8a) MJI opyAHH, OnHeaHHbiX H3 3TOM p3380pOTC, H306paJKCHbl 8 0AHH3K080M MaewTa6c pl!AOM c Q>11rypo.:i 'leAODCKa. 1 420-MM M0pTI1p3 • 60AbWaJI 6epTa• 2 12·AIOHM083X Oe3AH3JI ray611ua Mk4 3 2 10-MM • Ka.:i Jcp BaA&reA&M~ 4 400-MM MOACAb I 916 roAa

Ka.AH6p 12 AIOHM08 (305 MM). Bee (6cJ 6aMacra) 38,3 T. .AaiiMIOCTb DbiCTpe.A3 13120 M. BHA 6oen p11naeo8: pa3Ae.AbHbiH; pa3pb18HbiC eHapliAbl 8CeOM 750 <jJYJiT08 (340 Kr).

188

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K311116p 2,75 AIOHMa (70 MM). AallbHOCTb Bb1CTpC113 5500 M. B11A 6oenp11nacoo: paJACAbllbiH; wpanHCIIb. Bee CHapllAa 10 cpyHTOB (4,5 Kr).

5JnOII CKOC 70-MM n exOTHOC Op yAHC, THn 92 (cnpasa), KOTopoe 1111011Ubl 11p11MCHllll11 (11 BCCbM3 ycnew uo) no 2-i1 M11poooi1 ooi:iue. ~tacro 0~111 TaUJ,I11111 Ha ce6e paJo6panHoe opyAI1C qepe3 AIKYIIf/111. 0HO HMC/10 UJ,I1T 11 KQ1\CCa 113 CT31\bHOrO 1111CTa, 06113A3110 BLICOKOi1 npOXOAHMOCTbiO. Ao c11x nop HaXOAHTCll Ha soopy-.-KCIIHI1 B K11Tae H so 8beT113MC.

K311116p 70 MM. AallbHOCTb DbiCTpella 2745 M. BHA 6ocnp11nacoo: c6opHbli1; wpanHellb, pa3pbloHble, AbiMOBbiC, 6pOHC60i1llbiC CHapllAbl. Bee pa3pb1BIIoro CHapRAa 3,8 Kf.

AMep11K3HCKall 75-MM ropuan ray6Hu.a MlAI (cnpasa); 3ACCh 011:1 113 113CPC'I'C M8. Dp11 IIC06XOAHMOCTH MO>KCT 6b1Th pa3o6paHa MJI 11CpCD03KI1 H3 WCCTH DhiO'I· ublx :>K11DOTHbiX. Bo speMR 2-i:i MHposoi1 ooi:iubl ee c6pacbiB31\H 113 napaLUIOTax HIIH A0CT3BIIll1111 11a rpy30 BbiX n11anepax. 3-ro opyA11C np11MCHlli\0Cb B03AYLUIIbiM ACCaHTOM s 1944 r. y ApHeMa. DoCile BOHHbl OHO 6biiiO nepe11MCHOBaHo o Mll6. l-1T:lllbllHCK3ll I'OpHVI ray6Hu,a 105/ 14 MOACI\b 56 «AAI.ni1HH " (cnpaua). 3TO MIIOfOUCIICBOC opyAHC 110ll811J\0Cb 8 1957 r. Oo3AJiee B3HTO Ha ooopy>KeHI1e 17 apM11JIM11, 8 TOM '111CIIC HeMCUKHMW ropHb1MI1 erepl!M11 W 6p11TaHUaMI1. MoJKcr TPaHcnopTWposancJI Ha CaMOIIcre, sepTolleTC H/111 c6pacbloanCJI Ha napaLUIOTe; 6yxc11pyeTC$1 HC6011bWWM 38TOM061111CM H/111 nepeB0311TC$1 Ha II My11ax, a Ha He60IIbWOC paCCTOllHHC MO:>KCT nepC!iOCI1TbCll 11 COI\A3T3MH.

190

Ka11116p 75 MM. Aaii&HOCTb DbiCTpc~~a 8925 M. BHA 6oenp11nacos: 113TpOHHbli1 (KYMYIIllTI1811biC Cll3pRAb1) 11 C60p11bli1 (pa3pb1DIIb1C). Bee pa3pb1BHoro cuapRAa {M41A1) 6,24 Kr.

Ka11H6p 105 MM. AallbHOCTb swcTpclla 10575 M. BwA 6oenp11nacoo: C60pHbli1 (pa3pb1DiibiC, Abl· MOBJ.IC, OCBCTWTCIIblibiC CH3p11Ab1) 11 llaTpO!iHbiH (KYMYIIllTI1BHbiC CHap$1A1o1). Bee pa3pblouoro cuapliA3 19,06 Kr.

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yoeAI1'1CHHbiH aap11-

3HT 3H3MCH 11T0f0 nyACMCTa «M 3KC11M», 11306peTCHHOfO 8 1880-x rr. flOACBOH Aa<t,>e-r 3TOH

KaA116p 1,457 AIOHMa (37 MM).

6p11T3HCKOH MOACI\11 1-H M11 p o-

AaAbHOCTb BbiCTpcAa (c 113o6pa-

rryweK (osepxy). 3-ro opy)K 11e

BOH BOHHbi

)KCH H biM AacpeToM) 41 10 M. B ee

JanOAHSICT npo6cA MCIKAY nyAe-

noJBOMIA oecr11

CTpCAb6y C 60I\bW I1 M I1 y r MMI1 s oJBN WCHI1jl.

PaHHSill

CHapliM

f l p H MCH CHHC 3 BTOM3TJt'ICCI<JtX

cpyHT (0,45 Kr).

MCT3MI1, KOTOpb!C MCHCC 3cj>cpeK·

aepc11S1

TI1 8H bl, 11 OPYA11SIM11, KOTOpbiC

11CnOI\b30B3J\3Cb B 3 Hfi\0-6ypcKOH ooi1He ( 1899-1902 rr.)

CI\11W KOM Tli)I(CJ\bl AMI OblnOAHC•

o6ei1M11

HI1SI

onpCACI\C~IHbiX

3aA3'! 11

BOIOIOUJ,I1MI1 CTOpOH3MI1. M exa-

11MCIOT orpaHWICHHYIO CKOpo-

Iii13M MaKC11Ma 11CnOAb30BaA

CTpCAbHOCTb. 01\ai"OAapSI BbiCo-

3Hepr11IO DbiCTpeM Al\ll

nepeM~

KOH cKopocTpCAbHOCTI1 aoTOMa-

w.e~111ll 3aTaopa 11 o6ecne'!I1BaA

TI1'!CCKI1C nywKI1 oco6eHHO nOA-

nOI\IiYIO 38TOM3TI133U1110 CTpCAb-

XOASJT Al\ll

11CnOA b3003H11ll:

6bl. Vnpow,eHHbiC (nepe3apsoKacH3 3eM.AC B K3'1CCTBC:

MbiC pyKOSITKOH) nywKI1 w11pOKO np11MCHSII\11Ch C 1870 r . H:l BOCH·

HbiX cyAax Al\ll o6opoHbl oT Top-

2 MnoroueAeooro op~11ll

3eHI1THoro opyA11.R

neAH biX KaTepoo.

6pOHCTCXIi11KC

H 3 MOp e 0 K3'!CC'l"BC:

3 4

3cHI1THoro opyA11ll OpyAI1ll npoT11o -ropncAHbiX

KaTepoR

MHoroueAeooro opy)I(I1SI na

6biCTpOXOAHbi X KaTepax H 3 C3MQJ\CT3X B K3'!CCTBC:

OOpTOBOH nyw KI1

Al\ll 11CTpe611TCI\CH M exaHJtJM (BHI13y)

woe.-:iuap-

CKOH 20-MM aBTOMaTI1'lCCKOH

KAA

2 faJOObiH K3H3A

nywKo.-:1 11 nyAeMCTOM. OpyA11C

3 faJOBbiH 4 VA3PH11K 5 3aTBOp

ni1T3CTCSI nyACMeTiiOH 1\CHTOH.

6 Aep)KaTCI\b

nywKI1

noKa3biBaCT CXOA-

croo MCJKAY 3BTOM3TI1'lCCKOH

fa30BbiH

nAyH)f(Cp 11 CnOI\b3YCTCSI

Al\ll pa36AOK11p003HI1SI 33TBOpa,

nAyH)f(Cp

WoeliuapcKaSI 20-MM 3BTOM3T W t CCK3JI. nywi<a

KAA 3aTBopa

Bb1T3J\KI183CT nyCTYIO

fl11\b3Y 11 OT6paCbi03CT 33TBOp H333A.

(cnpaoa), OAHa 113 3H3MCHI1-

TbiX pa3pa60TOK «3p A11KOH3».

7 06paTHOC A011)KCHI1C 33TBOpa

Woel1uapcKI1C <t,>11pMbl «111cnaHo-

CIOI13a>> 11 •<3pA11KOH•> 11rpM11 11

oy<t,>ep 33TBOpa

33TCM OCT3TO'IH OC A301\CHI1C 0 CTBOI\C

OOpTOBOH nyWK11

CTSOI\

11rpa10T BCAYW.YIO pOAb a o6AaCTI1 3 flaTpOH 8 naTp0HH11KC

KOHCl"pYJ1pOB3H11ll

3BTOMaTI1'1~

CACAYIOW.11H naTpOH o np11eM- CK11x nyweK. H 11 KC J\CHTbl

c 8b16poweHHall r~-tAbJa

192

ABTOMant'ICCKan n ymKa a Ka'lecrse 60pTOBOfO aB113U110HHOf0 aoopy)I(CHI1ll, nmi1'1Hble cnoco6bl ycraHOBKI1 (cnpasa).

} Y HCMCUKOfO

11C!'pC611TCAll

«MeccepwMI1TT Bf109G» 2-i1 M11p. aoi1Hhl nywKa crpeAliAa CKB03h BaA nponeMepa.

2 qCTbtpe nyWKI1 6p11T3HCKOf0 11crpe611Tel\ll "C n11T¢ai1p M k9» ycraHOBI\CHbl B Kpbll\bl!X. 3 CoapeMeHHhli1 11crpe611TCI\h6oM6apA11poaw,I1K A7 B M C CiliA HCCCT CB011 nywKI1 Ha OOABCCK3X OOA Kpb1AbliMI1.

AMep11KaHCKI1i1 aep TOI\eT «Xb!O

Ko6pa» 11MCeT rrywKy Ha rypeAI1 OOA K3611HOH. 3 0-MM n y wKa «A.AeH • (cnpaaa), 6p11T3HCKOC ycoaepweHC!'BOOaH 11 C HCMCU.KOH KOHcrpyKU1111 2-i1 M11poooi1 soi1H&t, 11COOAh3yeTCll c 1950 r. o Ka'lectse asl1aU.110HHOi1 OyWKI1 . J-1MCCT pCBOI\b-

BCp~lbiH 6apa6aH C Ol!Tb!O fHC3A3M I1, 011T3CMbl H naTpO!iHOH I\CHTOi1; 11COOI\1>3YeT A811)1(CHI1C ra3osoro nopW!ill 11 OTAa'ly. Bee 87 Kr. TCMn crpeAb6bl 12001400 Bb!C!'pC/\08 B Ml11iyTy. AMepHKaH CKan 20-MM n ymKa M 61

(cnpaaa) ycraHaBI\11BaCTCll

H3 8CpTOACT3X 11 B Kpbil\bl!X CaMQ1\CTOB. HanOMI11iaeT nyACMCT faTI\111ifa (CM. crp. 207), ee

crao-

AOB apaw,aiOTCll 3ACK1'p11'1CCKI1M np11DOAOM. TeopCTI1<tecKall cKopocrpCI\bHOITh MI1HyTy.

ANI

6000 BbiC!'pCI\OB B H33CMHOi1 npoTHso-

B03AywHoi1 o6opO!ihl cyw,ecrsyCT M0A11cj>I1K3UI1ll

Ml68.

2 0-MM naT p OH (BHI13y) 3MCp11-

Pa 3p e3 (cnpasa) aMCp11KaHcKoro

K31iCKOH cep1111 M50 Al\ll a!ll1a-

33)1(11f3TCI\bHO-pa3pb18H0fO CHa-

U.110HHOi1 nywKI1,

pliA3 M56 Al, KOMOACKTylOUI,CfO

1950-e rr.

20-MM 6oenp1103Cbl W11pOKO

naTpOH cep1111 M50. (VIMeeTcll

pacnpocrpaHC Hbl 80 BCCM M11pe,

T3K)I(C 6pOHC60HH0-33)1(11f3TCI\b-

HO I\11Wb HCMH01'11C 113 lii1X 833-

HbiH CHapHA.)

11M033MCHliCMbl. KaA116p 20 MM

1 MeAHhli1 llCAYW.11i1 nOliCOK

Sllli\SICTCJI Ml11ii1M31\bHbiM AAll

2 CTal\bHaH o6oAO•tKa cHapHAa

31lTOM3T11'1CCK11X nyweK. 3TOT

3 83pb18'13TOC OCW.CCTBO

Tl10 O;lTp0113 11MCCT 31\CKTp11'1C-

CKI1H ll0COI\3MCHI1TCI\b.

5 B3pb183TCI\b M505

3a)l(l1 raTCI\bHOe sew.ecrso

(He pa3pe3aH)

)

---------

193

3 EHHTHLIE OPYAHJI n osJBJieHl!e HCTpe6ttTeJieH 11 6oM6ap.nHpOBIID!KOB B 1-H Mll-

J.J

pOBOH BOf!He npHBeJIO K C03.U3HHIO cneUl!aJibHblX 3eHHTHblX opy.UHH Ha Jla<!>eTaX, KOTOpbte MOfJIH seen! OrQHb HO'JTH sep THKaJibHO so scex HanpaBJieH HSJX no a3HMyry. K o

2-fi MHpOBOH

BOHHe 06pa30BaJI11Cb,UBa OCHOBHbiX KJ!acca 3eHH'fHbiX Opy)1.Hi1: TSJ)f(eJibJe 0)1.H033pSI,UHble nyurKH .ilJISI 60pb6bl C BbTCOKOJieTSJU(HMH annapaTaMH H nerKHe cKopocrpeJibHbte opy.nHSJ.llJUI o6o-

pOHbJ OT HI13KOJieTHUli1X CaMOJi eTOB. n oCJie BOHHbt3eHHTHbJe y npaBJUleMbie paKeThl CTaJIH BbiiiOJIHSITh 3a,UatJH, KOTOp ble

paHbWe peWaJIH TIDI<eJibJe 3eHHTHble opy,nHSI.

Ep11TaHCKOe 12-YHTonoe JCHJtT-

HOC o p yAJtC (CACBa HI1JKC) 1-H M11ponoi:1 noHHhl. 3To opyA"'e

6eperonoi:1 o6opoHbl KaA116pa 76,2 MM, np11COOC06ACHHOC Ai\Jl: 0TpaJKCHI1JI H303ACHI1JI C B03AY" xa. Dpocro.-:1 TyM60BbiH AacpeT o6ecne'fi1B3eT B3JKHOe CBOHCTBO 3CHI1TK11- rop1130HTai\bHbiH yroA o6crpeAa 360 • .

3eHJtTHbiC CHapJIAI>l

HeKOHTaKTHblH B3pblnaTeAb

Ji B3pb183TCi\H (nnepxy)

008b1CI1i\ 3cpcpeKTI18HOCTb pa3-

phiBHOfO CHapliA3 BO 2-H M11po-

lilpanHCi\b C B3pb183TCACM,

11Me!OUJ,11M apeMCHHYIO JaAepJK·

ao.-:1 aoi:1He. Dp116AI1)1(CHI1e CHa·

KY (A11CTaHU,110HHb1M). DpHMC·

pl!Aa K CaMOAery onpeACi\JieTCSI c

HJIAaCb a 1-.-:1 M11p. BOHHe a Ka·

noMOW.biO paA110BOAH.

qecTBe «OCKOAO'IHOH Jaaecbl »

4 YAapHbiH B3pb1BaTeJ\.b np11Me·

Op0TI18 opaJKeCKI1X C3MOACTOB.

Hlli\Cll rAaBHblM 06pa30M B CH3·

2 PalphtnHo.-:1 CHapliA c B3pblna·

pJ!Aax CKopocrpeAbHbiX nyweK

Tei\CM, 11MCIOUJ,I1M npeMeHHYIO

Ai\Jl: o6opOHbl OT H113KOi\eTl!Ul,I1X

33ACpJKKy, Cpa6aTblB310Ul,I1M Ha OpCAnOAaraeMOH BblCOTe 001\eTa AeTaTeAbHoro annapaTa.

Bp3)1(eCKI1X M3W11H.

./:J..MI

3CHI1TOK Op11MCHJIIOT, K3K

o6e11x npani1AO, caMopa3pywaiOUJ,I1CCll

M11pOBbiX ooi1Hax npHMeHJIACJI

Ctlapl!Ahl, 'fT06bl np11 naACHI111

Ai\Jl: 60AbWI1HCTB3 TliJKCAbiX 3C-

11X H3 3CMi\IO 1136CJK3Tb nopaJKe·

H11THblX OPYA11H.

Hl1l! CB011X BOi1CK.

llloe~~,cKoe OPYA11C «6ocpopc» ( Ci\CBa).

1930-x fOAOB MHOI11e

apM1111 np11MeHJIAI1 nywKI1 «DOcpopc» Ai\Jl: nopa)I(CHHJI H113· KOACTJIUJ,I1X Uei\CH, npCAOO'II1T3l! K3A116p 40 MM. 3ACCb OOKa3aHa nocAeooeHHaJI MOACAb L70. 0Ha 11MeAa yAyqweHHhle 6oenp11naCbi, MOrAa 11COOAb30BaTb paA11oAOKaUHOHHyiO CI1CTCMY H3BCAC· HI1JI, yCT3H3BAI183A3Cb Ha KOAeC· HhiH AacpeT (KaK Ha p11CYHKe), H3 HC00AB11JKHbiH, Ha C3MOXOAHOC W3CCI1 111\11 H3 KOpa6eAbHbiH

194

0PY,IJ,/11fl

3,7-AJ()HMOBOC (94 MM) 3CHH THOC OpfAHC (CAC8a HIDKC), OCHQ83 6p111T3HCKOH Tllli<CAOH 0B0 apT111MCp111111

1937- 1950 rr.

0HO 61)1A0 3cj>CpCKTIIIBHO AO 81)1COTbl

10700 M. 003AHCHWHC

8CpC111111 IIIMCAIII 38TOM3TH'ICCK)'l0 HaCTpOHKY 83pi)IB3TCAll H 38TQM3TIII'!CCKOC 3ap5Ili<3HHC. 3ACCb

~ I

noKaJaHa MOACAb Mk2C Ha HenOA8HlKHOM 11acpcre. KOACCHbiH McpCT npH.MCIUIIICJI AJI$l M0611J\b-

I I

KoMatfAHbi-H npH 6op (88epxy)

88-MM 3CHHTHOC OpyAHC 18

B 30-e fOAbl DOJI8HAHCb MCX3HH- (cnpa8a), MOAC/1& 1936 r. 3To 'ICCKHC OYA30 -

paHHIIIH

npH60pb1

83pHaHT 3H3MCHIIITOH

ynpa811CHHJI apTH.M Cpi!IHCKHM 3e- HC.MCU.KOH nyWKIII «80CCMb-8QHHTHbiM OfHC.M (a), KOTOpbiC 38-

CCMb», KOTOp35l MOfl\a 6b1Tb K3K

TOM3TIII'ICCKH

3CHIIITHOH, T3K Ill npOTI180T3HKQ-

nepeC'I HTbl8311111

KOOPA111113Tbl U,CAH 8 yr11bl 8038bJWCHHSJ, 33111MyTbl OPYAIIISI

(b)

{HIIH HCCKOAbKI1X OPYAHH) H

BOH. Bo apCMJI 2-J::i M~~tponoi1 BOHHbl noliBHIIIIICb Apyr~~te oap11aHTbl, CO'ICT38WHC 3TIII cpyHK-

A3HH I)IC AAll H3CTpOHKH 83pb183-

1.1,11111. CHapliAbl AOCTt-~raiiH BbiCo-

TCACH.

Tbl 8000 M. 3ACCb 11306pali<CHO

3eHHT'lHKIII Teopent'leCKH

AOAli<Hbl 6bllll1 AI1Wb CACA08aTb

opyAt-~e Ha M06MI>HOM Kpecroo6-

yKaJaHHJIM np116opa, AAll Toro

pa3HOM AacpCTC (KOACCa CHHTbl).

'IT06bl CHapJIA DOp3311J\ Ca.MOACT 8 paC'!CTHOM nyHKTC.

<DpaHU.YJCKall

AMX DCA 30

(CACBa). 3Ta 6pOH11p083HHaJI 3eHHTH3ll yCT3H08K3 11MIOCTpHpyCT C08pCMCHHOC p338t-ITI1C 1\CfKHX 3CHIIITHbiX opyAIIIH. CnapeHtlbiC 30-MM 38TOM3TI1'1CCKI-IC nywKt-~

111 P3AIIIOAOKaU,I!IOHHall

CHL! 'CMa ynpa81\CHI!Ift OfHC.M pacDOAOlKCHbl

80 opat..U,alOW.CHCll

6aWHC H3 ryceHWIHOM WaCCt-1

AMX

13. 3eHIIITHbiC

C3MOXOAHbiX Mbl

W3CCH

opyAt-~ll Ha HC06XOAH-

AJ\ll 33W,HTbl IIIHbiX 00Ap33-

#IICHHH CODpCMCHHOH 6poHeT3HKOBOH

AHBH3HH.

XoTJI ynpa81\JICMble paKCTbl BJHIIH Ha CC6ll BbiDOI\HCHHC 60AbWHHCTBa 33A3'1 TJilKCAbiX 3CHI!ITOK, M3110K311H6CpHOC 3BTOM3TH'ICCKOC opyAIIIC C BbiCOKOj:j CKQpoCTpCIIbHOCTbiO no-npClKHCMY 11 rpaeT sali<HYIO poll& AAll nopali<CHIIIJI HH3KOACTlllli,IIIX U,CACj:j, Ero MOlKHO ycraHaBAI183Tl> HeDOABIIIlKHO H3 C3.MOXOAHOM wacCIII Mill npHCflOCa6AH83Tb K 6YKC11pOBKC .

195

TAHKOBLIE IIYWKH B a)I(HCHWHM 9TanoM paJBHTHSJ apTHnnepHH s 3 TOM CToneTHH CTanO OOSIIlJlCHH C TaHKOBbi X OpyllHft . n yWKH H ray6HUbl Ha caMOXOJlHbiX wacc11

y:>~<c

onHcaHbl s npellblllYWHX pa3Jle-

nax. 3TOT nOCBSIWCil HCKn iOlfHTCn bHO T3 HK3M 11 6pOHHp 0-

)lnSJ

sceoxaaTbiOaiOwero npe.llcTaoneHHSJ o TaHKax, HX

W3CCH H CHCTCMaX opy:>KHSI paMKH JlaHHOH KHH f H , KOH CliHO, TCCHbl. 3JlCCb paCCM3TpH0310TCSI TOnbKO nyWKH , HX KpenneHHC, a Ta K)I(C COBpCMCHHbiC n pH60pb1 npH UCn H B3HHSI. 6pO-

B3HHbiM M aUJHH3 M , KOTOpbi C Ha none 6051 HCnOnb3YIOTCSI B

H C60~iHbiC 6oenpHnaCbl H Ta HKOBbiC n yneM CTbl npCJlCTaone-

onepauHfiX HaCTynaTcnbiiOro xapaKTepa.

Hbl Ha CTp.

199

218.

P a3MCW.CHHC nywK H (cnpaoa). 6p11T311 CKI1H TJIIK 1-.:i M11p0110H ao.:inbl, nepoa~

6po mt pooa tmall

MOTOp11300311113Jt M3W11113, 11MCA AIIC nyw K11, KOTOpbtC pa3MCUJ,3;l i~K Cp tibiX

AI1Cb ll

K33CM3T3X n O

06CI1M CT0p 0 11 3M KOpnyca T3 HK3

(A). Y ApyrHX

T311KOil OAIIO opy-

AHC 6b1AO IICTpOC II O 8 ncpCA-

~11010 'laCTb Kopnyca

(B).

Co-

opeMCIIIIbiC T.IIIKOBbiC IIYWKI1 pJ Cil0A3fJIOTClt ll 6aW II C, KOTQpall MOlKCT llOilOp.l'II103TbCJt 113 yrOA

360 (C). a

£a wH ll H n ywKa (u•~wc 11 c npa- a AyAblibiH TOpMOJ lla) II CMCUKOI"O T3 11K3 •T~-trp

IE»

c OpyA11MHbiM UI,HTOK

2-.:i M11pono.:i oo.:i ubl . T~-t ·

ll11'1113SI

KOII CT PYKUH~

AHU1101 111 0H

AMI Tpa-

6p0 1111p00311 11 0H

CTOOA TopMOJHo.:i U~>~Ai'IHAP OTKaTa

C I<A11HOBOM 33TB0p

6aw 1111. OpyAI1C o6CAYlK110aiOT

A03

g M axO OHK Ha8CACHI111 no yrAy

'ICAOOCKa:

3ap!llK3IOU1, 11H,

8038biWCH11SI

KOTOpbiH 3ap1tlK3CT nywKy (B11A 6oenp11nacoo 113B0A'IHK,

naTpOHHbl.:i), 11

KOTOpbiH

C HACHbC 33p11lK3 10ll.I,CI'O

np11UCAI1-

MaxoBI1K AAJ1 TO'IHO.:i 6oKo-

ooi:1 H380AKH

np~>~UCA

83CTCH 11 crpeAJJCT. OTpaJKaTeAb

OnTwteCKHM

33W.11W.3CT paC'ICT np11 OTK3TC

CHACHbC H380A'IHK3

opyAHSI.

k npMBOA 8p3W.CH1-IJI I OTpaJKaTCAb

CTa6HAH33U.Hst oa) .

nywKH (cnpa-

Kouue 40-x roAOB T3HKI1

CT3/111 OCH3ll.I,3Tb CT3611AI133T0p3· Ml1 ooopylKCIII1!1, 'law.e occro f11Ap3BAH'ICCK11MI1 HOH OAOCKOCTI1 3AeKTponp11DOA).

8CpT11K3Ab-

npHMCHSICTCSI CTa611AI133UHSI

CTBOAa 0 rOp1130HT3/IbHOH H aepTHK3/IbHOH OAOCKOCTSIX BO ope-

~ AB11lKCH11H 00 nepece•tCHHOH MCCTHOCTI1 o6ecne'I I183CT YACplK3H I1 C UCAI1 B llp11UCAC np11 AIO· 60M ll0AQ)I{CIIHI1 KOpnyca T3HK3.

196

6awHI1

m >ill.I,I1K AAJ1 nyCTbiX fHAb3

CHACHbe KOM3HAMpa TaHKa

9 h

flpHcrpCM<a K 3 nyACMeTa ( cnpasa). HeKOTOpble TaHKH H.M~ lOT TIDKeAbl~ nyACMeT, OCb CTBOA3 KOTOpOrO napaMeAbH3 OCH CTBOAa n ywKH. Ero nyAA AeTHT no TaKo~ lKC TpaeKTOpHH, 'ITO H CHapSIA OpyAHji, ee TpaCC11py!OW.H~ CAeA MOlK.HO H36AIOA3Tb 8 nOAeTe H

np~-t nOn3A3HI111. flyAe.MCT Haso~T Ha UeAb 11 CTpeAAIOT (1). ECA11 CCTb 0003A3HI1C, TO 0TKpbiB310T orOHb 113 nywKH

(2).

P3AI1 6oJUr

we~ TO'IHOCTI1 nonaAaH11JI cero-

AH$1 np11MCH$110TC$1 TaKlKC A33CpHb1C A3AbHOMCpb1 11 np1-1U.eAbl. <<Orp HABa.rn «T3HK

103A>•

(cnpaaa), HJ\H

3TOT WBeACKI1~ TaHK 8

S•.

70-e fOAbl ji811A(jl OpHMCpOM HQBOfO OOAXOA3 B C03A3HI11-1 6pOHI1-

pOB3HHO~ TCX.HHK11.

105-MM

nyw-

K3 yCTaHOBACH3 8 KOpnyce T3HK3

AAA

( a), 1160 3ACCb 6oAbwe Mecra

rpOM03AKOf0 MCX3HI.f3M3 3BTOM3TJ.t'ICCKOrO 33pjilK3HI1ji, 'le.M B 6awHe. Hau.eAI1B3HJ.tC no yrAy B038b1WCHI1ji

(b)

11/111 00 3311MyTy

H apC3H an nywxa 11 rA3AJ(ocrnOA.bH 3JI (cnpaoa). Ao 70-x

rr.

Ta.HK11 CTpCI\llAJ.t 113 H3pe3HbiX

(A).

CTBOAOB

3aTe.M OOHBHAHCb

COBCTCK11C, 3 OOTOM HeMCUK11C,

3MCp11KaHCK11C 11 <PpaHUY3CKHC fA3AKOCTBOAbHbiC nyiDKI1, CTpeAA-

IOW.11C CHapli_AOM (qaw,e OOAKaA116epH.b!M) CO CTa611AI133TOpOM (B). fA3AKI1~ CTBOA ACWCBAC (He H3AO AeA3Tb H3pC3ry) H MC.HbWC 113HaW1183CT(jl.

(AM

KYMYAAT118HbiX

) )

r==============:JI' b

CHaplfAOB H3pC3HOH CTBOA COBCeM HC OOAXOA11T; CM. crp.

199 .)

30-MM nywKa « PapACH » (cnpasa).

:::Jry

aBTOM3TH'ICCKYIO nyw-

KY Mll AerKHX ·6poH~-tpoaaHHbiX M3WHH np11Hli.A11 H3 BOOpYlKeHJ.iC 6p11TaHU.bl B 1974 r. 0Ha OTpalKaeT np»OpHTCThl Tpe6osaHJ.ti1 COBpCMCHHOfO 6ol!: Ha 1-M MCCTC -

TO'IHOCTb, 33Te.M CKOpo-

crpCAbHOCfb (90 BbiCTp.jMHH). TaKaJI nywKa AOAlKHa npo611neXOTbl

(EMTI)

cnepCAI1 11 6po-

BaTb 6pOHIO 6oeaoi1 MaW11Hhl

TiywKa « PapACH• (ablwe)

HIO TaHK3 c60Ky. 3apHlK3CTCll

a KHOnKa cnycKa

060i1MOi1 C 3 CH3pli_A3MH C33AJ.t

C OOMOUJ.b!O COCU113AbHOf0 33-

C 3apli.AHOC OTBCpCTHC

TBOpa. BHH3y cnpaaa -

pa3pe3

6awHJ.t. OpyAHC Tpe6yCT MaAO MCCTa B 6oeBOM OOMCW.CHI111

(A),

1-160 11MCCT KOM03KTHbli1

33TBOp

(B). flyw.ry MOlKHO

HOBHTb Ha AerKOM TaH Ke,

ycra-

EMTI

J.tJ\11 pa3BCAhJB3TeAbHOi1 6poHeMaWI1HC.

3apli.Atlb1i1 phl'lar

(K33CHH11K)

T py6a

Bb16poca nycrblx

fi1Ab3

Hai<aTH11K (so3apaTHbli1 np11-

BOA)

flepCAH$1ll. onopa craoAa

g AeMn<Pep h CTBOA

BH6paUH11 craoAa

197

llPOTHBOTAHKOBLIE l1YlliKH P}0Kbe 6onbUJoro x anH6pa, crpe.muowee narpoHaMH c 6onbwo~ H3'IaJlbHOH CXOpocrbiO, 6but0 nepBblM COCUJ13JibHblM Op<>TH-

BOTaHKOBbiM op~HCM . Bo 2-H MHpoBO~ soAHe c xopo BbUIBHJJHCb cro HC.QOCTaTKJ1. H a'taJIOCb copeBHOBaHHe MC)I(.lt)' npo<IHOCTbiO 6poHH H npo6HBHOH CHJJOH CH3pSUla, OHO UUIO C nepeMCHHbiM ycnexoM. H e x<Yropble JCHH1lfbte H n onesble opy.IDUI TO)I(C npKMeHJUJHCb KaK Op<>THBOTaHKOBbiC. n ocne 2-H MHpoBOH BOHHbl 6e3-

XapaKTepKcntKH HAC3AI>HOH

0T'K3THbJC opy.QHJI (crp. 2()()) H ynpaBJUICMblC p3KCThl (crp. 254)

xy): Dp113CMI1CTaJI KOHCTpyK~HII (a) AAll 33TPYAHCHHll ee o6Hapy-

Uei\1> npliMOH R3BOAKOH C oep-

lKCHHJI; 61>1crpoe oepeHa~eAHBa

crpCAHT TaHK); 6pOHe60HH hiH

HHe 8 60AI>WOM CCKTOpc o6crpe-

CHapiiA c BbiCOKOH 11pOHHKa-

TaJOKC BbiTIOJlHJIIO'T 33.ll3'1J1 ITponre<>TaiiKOBbfX opyJlHH.

HeMe~Koe pf)l(bC • Mapep 1918• (cnpaaa) 1-i1 MHp. aoi1-

66 -

HW -

T66 -

nepaoe npOTl1BOT3HJmaoe

l\3

CoKpa~eHHll:

CTKAI>HaJI) TpaeKTOpHII 001\eTa

OpOTI1BOT3H KOBOH nyWKH (8Bcp- CHapliAa ( c ) Ai\11 nonaAaHHll 8

(b)

AMI OTCI\elKI1BaHI1JI 0()-

A BJ1)1(H0H ~ei\11; 001\0raJI (Ha-

aoro 8L1CTpeAa (AO TOTO, K3l< Bbl·

IO~CH COOC06HOCTbiO (d) AAll 00paJICCHI1JI AJ06oH 6pOHH.

6poHe6oHHWH

Tpacc~tpYJO~Hi1, 6poHe-

Op)')KHC. 3To npocro OAH033p11A- 6oi1HbiH HOe p)')KbC YBCI\H'ICHHOTO K3AS-16pa Ha COWK3X C

~111\HHAp11'1e

Y0 -

CKOpOCTI> CHapliA3 Ha Cpt:3C

CT801\3 (H3'1ai\I>H3ll CKOpOCTb)

CK 11M 3aTaopoM. Ero MO~HOCTH XBaT3AO, 'IT06bl np0611Tb 6pOHIO AI06oro TaHKa 1-H MHpOBOH aoi1nw. E~e a 1939 r. MHOrHe apMHH HMei\H H3 BOOp}"KCHHH

13 MM. Y0

T3KHC 111\H HeMHOTO 601\CC Ci\OlK-

KaAH6p

HLIC npOTHBOT3H KOBhiC p}".-Kbll

17,6Kr. nyAII CO CT31\bHbiM cep-

785 M/c. Bee

( nTP).

AC'IIHIKOM.

37-MM npO'niBOT3HK083Sl D)'UIK3

PAK36

(cnpaaa). C Ha'l:tAa 2-ii

MHp. BOHHbl OHa cral\a OCHOBOH HCMC~KOH npoTHBOT3HICOBOH

060p0Hbl . 6 0AbWHIICTBO rocyA3pCT8 AODOI\Hlll\11 CBO H nTP o6w'! HhiMI1 opyA11liMH, HO 11 Te, H ApyrHe 6bii\H 6ccCI11\bHbl npoTI18 OKpCOWCH 6pOHI1. n oJAJH:e yBCAH'IHI\H MO~HOCTb 37-MM npOT11BOT3HK080H nyWK11 33 C'leT H OBOTO CH3p11A:I -

~t:Jo:~~;::::::::::::6~1\:::::-

KaAH6p 37 MM. Y 762 M/c. Bee 0 432 Kr. C H apliAW: T66 pa3pblsHblc, T66 C 801\b<j>paMOBbiM Cep-

H3AIC3-

A<''IHI11COM, JCYMYturn18HbiC, 6pH33HTHbiC.

AH6CpHOH rpaHaTW CO CTCp)I(Ht:M, KOTOpWM OH3 BCT3BAIIeTCll

B AYAO. BpHTaHcKaSI 6-<pyttrosu n ywKa (cnpasa) 8 1941 r. 33MCHHAa ycr:tpe8wce

M31\0MO~Hoe

opy-

lKIIC. YlKe a 1942 r. KaAH6p 6hli\ y&CI\HqeH AO 17 <j>yHTOB, r.ywKa HCOAHOKpaTHO M0ACpH113Hpo8aAaCb. Ao c11x nop coCTOHT Ha so-

Ka11H6p 2,24 AIOHMa (57 MM).

OPYlKCHHH B 12 pa3&11saJ0~11XCll

Y0 900 Mjc.

Bee 1224 Kr. Cnapii-

Ahl: 66, OOAK3AH6C:pHbie C «<j>yr-

crpaHax.

A11p0M• (CM. crp. 199), CH3pl!Ahl C T8CpAWM CCpAC:'IHHKOM. CoaCTCKall 100-MM DpO'ni'BOTaHX08 3Jl nywKa Ml944 (cnpasa). 0Ha CBHAeTeAI>CTByeT, KaKOH 6oA&woi1 AOAlKHa 6wn TP3A11UHOHHall Op0TI180T3HK083R nywKa, 'IT06bl A3Tl> OTOOp COBpCMCHHbiM TaHK3M. OpyAI1C: AO CHX nop COCT011T H 3 BOOpylKC:HHH HCKOTQpb1X apM HH. KaAH6p (cHaps A

100 MM. Y0 1000 Mjc EE). Bee 3650 Kr. CHa-

PliAIII: 66 pupw8HWe, JCYMYIIBTHB Hblc, 6pH33HTHbiC {Ka K y noI\C80TO OPYA11J1). '' l

198

t It I I

HeMeUJ<aR 88-MM np<>TKBOTamc<>san nywKa PAK43 (cnpasa) -

MC>-

AMcpHKaUI1JI 88-MM JetJHniOro opyAHII FLAK4l.

.A.tul

-rpaHcoopmpo&-

KI-1 HMCIOTCII 4 KOAeca, H3 OrHCBOH 0031-!U,HH OHH CHI-I.M310TCII. 3aTCM pa3ABHfaJOTCII H3 90° 'leTb!pe ynopa (ayrp11repa), 11 nOA}"'acrell Kpecroo6pa3uall nAaTCj>opMa. «BoccMJr BOCCMb• CTpeNleT D3Tj)OHHbiMI-1 (yuwrap11b1M11) 6oenp~o~naeaMH, KaK

...

H 6oAbWHHCTBO npomBOTaHKOBbiX •

opyAHH. noAyaBTOMani'ICCKHH 33- c f.,~~~~ TBOp Bb16paebiB3eT fHJ\b3bl OpH OT-

~~!JijiC~~ ......,6--_--,l~;;:;;,;;

KJTC. KMH6p 88 MM. pliA

T66).

1000 M/e (eHa-

Bee o goeooM ooAo:.Ke-

tiHH 3700 Kr. CHapliAbl: T66 pa:r pb1BIIbtc, e TBepAbiM ooAb<jlpaMoDbcM ecpAC'I IIHKOM, KYMYAIITHDIIbiC, 6pH33 HTHbiC. 28-MM TSI>KeAOC OpO'MtBOTaHK(>BOC PJ'KbC s P z B41 (eopasa). HeMCUKOe, 2-i:i MHpoBOH BOHHbl. CTpCAIIcr, HCOOAb3YII opHHUHO fepAHXa: KOHH'ICCKHH CTBOA e:.KHM3CT nyAtO AO 'l}'Tb MCHbWCrO AH3MeTpa. YseAH'IHBaiOtUCCell AaBAeHHC ra3a 113 YMCHbW310lUYtOCII AOtiHYtO nosepxHOCT& oyAH eoo6macr ci:i llbiCOKYIO Ha'laA&HyiO

KaAH6p 28 MM (ua BXOAC KOIIy-

eKOpOCTb H 3HCprHIO.

ca); 20 MM (Ha cpe3e Ayt.a).

1400

Mje.

Bee 229 Kr. n yAH:

cpA3HLI,CBbiC C BOAbcppaMOObiM CCpAC'I HI-IKOM, pa3pb1BHbiC (11e

C H3pSlAJ>l c BbiCOKOH KHHCTlt"{C-

Op0THBOT3HK0Bb1C).

CKOH 9 HeprHCH (copaoa). ToepAbiH CT3AJ.HOH HAH BOA&cppaM<r BbiH CCpAC'IHHK CH3piiA3, HMetOIUCfO BbiCOKYIO CKOpOCTb, op<r

C H3pSIAbl c XKMH"{CCKOH 3 HCprHCH

6H83eT OTIICpCTHC B 6pOHC.

(cnpaoa). PaJpywaiOT 6poHtO c no-

66 -

60AB3HK3 (6e3 B3pb18'13T<r

MOIU&tO BB, HX npo611BH:UC CHJ\3 He

ro BCIUCCTBa) 001\HOrO KaAH6pa.

338HCHT OT p3CCTOIIHI1JI AO LI,CAH.

MllrKHH KOAOa'IOK YA}"'wacr

1 KyMyAliTHBHbiH CHapliA (HEAT).

np06HBIIbiC CBOHCTB3 CH3p11A:J,

OeHoBaH Ha 9<jxpe11.'"Te MoHpo,

IIC 00380Allll eMy eOCKOAb3HYTb

HAH 33pliA3 C KOHI-I'ICCKOH nOA<>CTbtO (crp.

npH yAape o 6poHtO.

b 66

pa3pb1BHOH -

TaKOH :.KC, K3K

(a), HO COACp)I(HT B3pb1B3TCJ\b B BB, KOTOp~>~.:i ACTOIDtpycr

113 lle60AbWOM paCCTOliHHH OT

BHyTpH LI,CAH.

6poHH, H 9HCprW1 B3pb183 KOH-

KOM. B MllfKOM, 001\0M, OOAH()-

U,CHTpHpycrCll Ha MaACHbKOH 0(>8CpXHOCTH 8 CTpyiO paCKaACIIH biX

K3AH6CpHOM KOpoyce HMCCTell TDCpAbiH

MOMCtrr K3C3-

B3pb1B3TeAeM 33pliA AeTOHHpycr

c CHapiiA c TBCpAbiM eepAC'IHH-

BbiCTA3HHOH

Hi-tll LI,CAH BblABHHYTbiM BOCpCA

AOHHOH '13CTI1 H HeOOAbWOH 33-

PIIA

156),

CAOCM MeT3AAa.

'13CTHU,. Ona-To H opo:.KHracr

eepAC'IH11K.

CuapliA fcpAHxa. <l>AaHeu, eMH-

HaCTell 8 KOHH'ICeKOM CTDOAC. e noAK3AH6epHb1H 66 C •cJ>YTMI-

6pOHIO.

c ~

2 Cuapi!A co CMHHacMoi:i roAoBKoi:i (HESH) HMCeT TOHKHC, 9AaCTH'IHbiC CTCHKI-t H AOHHbiH

pOM» (APDS). KaK TOAI>KO cHa-

B3pb1BaTeA&. Bo opeMII yAapa

p11A BbiAcracr H3 AYA3, •cJ>YTAliP•

B3pb18'13TOC BCII.l.CCTBO KaK 6bl

(nOAAOH) paCCb103eTCII H3 '13CTH,

Op11AH03eT K 6pOHC. np~-t nOCAe-

H TBCpAbiH eepAC'IHHK ACTHT C

AyiOIUCH ero AeTOHaU.HH 6poH11

BbiCOKOH CKOpOcrbiO.

OTK3Abl83eTCII «TapCAKOH• H 8Ae-

Ha crp. 288 MO:.KHO BHACTb OOAKaAH6epHb1H

CH3pi!A CO cra-

6HAH3Hpy101UHM ODCpCHHeM AMI rAaAKOCTBOAbHOro opyAHll,

T3eT 80 BHYTJ>CHHCC opocrpaH-

~CTBO

8 BHAC 8biCOKOCKOpoCTtlbiX

BTOpH'IHbiX OCKOAKOB.

AonOAHHTCAJ.HbiH 9KpaH nepCA

HMCIO!UHH 60A&W ytO OpOH11-

6pOHCH ACAaeT 6ecCHAbHbiMH H

K3tOIUYtO cnoeo6HOCTb .

{1),

{2).

199

liE30TKATHbiE OPY,li;IUI oe30TKaTHble opy.ll11JI BnepBble 6b!Jl 11 np11MeHeHbl BO 2-tf Ml1p0BOH noli He. Pa3BI1T11e 11x np11cen o K TOMy, 'ITO nol1cKa

nony-

'li1Jll1 JlefKI1e 11 BbiCOKOM0611JibHble nylUKJ1, KOTOpble crpeJ151Jll1

.nru~<e nDKeJlbiMI1 CHap51.UaMI1. Tat<11e Heo6XO.ll11Mbi .UecaHTHI1KaM 11 fOpHbiM erepSIM, a T3]()f(e neXOTe B Ka'l eCTBe npOTI1BOT3 HKOBbiX {tiaw.e) 11n 11 nerKI1x noneBbiX opy.ll11H .nm-1 omenotf non.nep)((KI1. 0HI1 OTJ111'laiOTCSJ OT noKa3aHHOf0 Ha crp.

156 11 157

6e30TKaTHoro py'lHOro opy)((I1SJ Jli1Ufb pa3MepaM11 11 necoM.

oOilbW~-tM H CAOCT3TKOM 6eJoT-

npHttll,H.D ACHCTBHn {nsepxy)

K3 ra3a, BblpblBaiOI.li,CfOC$1 1-13 JaAtle-

6eJo·rKaTHOfO OPYAI-t$! OCHOBaH Ha

ro KOHU3 CTBOAa. np~-t 3TOM CTBOA

TpCTbCM JaKOHc H&IOTOHa (CM.

ocraCTC$1 HcnoABH)l(HbJM. Ornwcr

crp.

HC06XOAHMOCTb HMeTh OTKaTHbiH

156). BnepCA HanpaBJICHHbti1

11MITyilbC MeT3CT CH3pl!A, OH ypa8-

MCXaHH3M, KOTOpbiH CHJibHO YTSflKe-

HOOCW1183CTC1! 1-!MOYAbCOM OOTQ-

AACT 06bi'IHOC opyAHe.

C 8bi6pOC B 30HC AO 14M 1!BJIJ!-

KaTHblx opyAHH liB/\J!eTCll Bbl6poc raJa. OH 3aTpyAHlleT 8bl6op MCCTa AJ\ll npO~-t380ACTBa BbiCTpcAa, T3K K3K HC06XOAHM3 60ilbW3ll CB060AH3$1 30H3 C33AH

AiiJ! p3cce~-tsaHHll yAapHoi1 BOIIHbl. OrOHb 1-1 yAapH all BOJIHa ACM3CK~-tpy10T

003HUHIO, CHJibHO

B03ACHCTByiOT Ha Cilyx paC'!eT3 1-t onaCHbl AJill IIIOACH, HaXOAliW,I-IXCll C33AH OpyAHll. 3ACCb npCACT3BJICHbl 003CHbiC 30Hbl

a Onactto Ai\51 AIOAei1 6eJ yKpbl-

Ai1J! 6p~-tT3HCKOro WOMBAT

THll Ha paCCTOSlHHI-1 AO 90 M.

AOJ\)l(Hbl 6blTb B YKPbiTHH.

CoAAaT&J MClKAY 14M H 32M

CTC5!

t:MepTCA.bHbiM.

(cnpasa).

105-MM LG40 (cnpasa) -

HCMCU-

Koe 6c30TKa"rHOe opyA~-tC 1940 r.,

pa36~-tp3CMOC H3 '!3<."1"1-1 Ai1J! AcC3HT~-tp0B3HI-t}l

Ha napaWIOT3X.

CHa•ra11a 3apsrll<aJICH cHapliA, 33TeM MCTaTCilhHOe

s r~-tii&Je

KapryJe 1-13 xpym.:oro

OJiaCT~-tKa .

np~-t BblCTpeile fHJib33 pa3pywa-

Ka11~-t6p 105 MM. Bee

ii3Cb H CC OCKOJI KI-1 Bbli1C1'3JIH C33-

A.ailbHOCTb BbiCTpeAa 7950 M.

AH. np~-t BTOp)l(CHHH Ha KpHT B

CHapl!Abl p:l3pbiBHble.

194 J f.

OapaWIOTHCTbl

388 K r.

np~-tMC

HliJIH MOA11cp11K3UHIO MCHbWCfO K3AH6pa -

75 MM.

~epHK3HCKOC 6CJOTK3THOC o pyA H C M20 (cnp3sa). B

1945 r.

nocrymtiiO H3 BOOpj"A<CtiHC. npOTHB 06bi'IHbiX UCJICH npHMCWIJIH pa3pblBHblC H AbJMOBbiC

CH3pl1Al>I, OpOTI-18 T3HKOB- KyMY/\J!THBHbiC. Pacqcr MOr Tpa HcnopT11posaTb opyA~-tC Ha ce6e ABYMll rpy3aMH: CTBOJI 1-1 TpCHOra. TaKoi1 lKe ,1acpcr

KaA~-t6p 75 MM. Bee 71,6 Kr.

ny11cMcra

AM&HOCTb BblCTpeAa 6400 M.

«DP3YHHHr Ml917».

3aTBOp Tl10a «KpoMyCKHT» B p a3pc3c (cnpasa). OH yAeplKHBacr nepcp0p11p0B3HHYIO OaTpOHHYIQ fHJib3y Ja W CHKY H AOHblWKO. 0CHOBH3ll '13CTb f3308 TOJIK3eT CHa pliA 8 CTBOII, OCT3TOK BblileT3eT 8 OTBCpCTHll f l1i\b3bl a HanpaBACHI1e Bht6poc3 ra30 B

H A3ACC Bb16paCbl83eTCll '1Cpe3 3330pbl (nAOW.3Ab HX p38Ha ce-

'ICHHIO CTBOAa) MClKAY K33CHHOH

c Coruo

'13CTbiO CTB0/\3 H 33TBOpOM.

d nepcpop~-tpOBaHH<UI

CpeAHll1! 'faCT& JaTsopHoro

e CHapliA

6AOK3 OTKI1AbiB3eTC11 AMI 33pHlK3HH$1.

200

3aTBOpHbiH 6AOK

CTBOI\

g YHHT3pHbiH naTpOH

fHI\b3a

AMepJ.~KaHcKoe 6eJOTKaTHoe o pyA H e M40 (cnpaaa). TioAo6HO M20 c 3aTBopoM •KpoMycKHT», TOAbKO 60AbWCf0 K3AJ.16pa - ' 106 MM. 12,7-MM npHCTpeAO'!HbiH nyACMeT yKpCOAeH H3 CTBOAe. Pa3AH'!Hble apMHH nocAe ooi1Hbl npHHliAH 3TO opyAHC Ha BOOpy)I(CHHC; B 3MCpHK3HCKOi1 apMHH CfO BbiTCCHHAH ynpaBAll·

KaAH6p 106 MM. Bee 208 Kr.

CMbiC paKeTbl.

MaKCHMaA&Hall A3AbHOCT& BbiCTpeAa 7680 M. CuapHAbl: KYMYAll· TI1BHbiC H Tp3CC1-1pylOW.11C CO CMJ.1H3CMOH

6p~-tTaHCKOC

fOA08KOi1.

WOMBAT (6a-

TaAbOHHOC 6c30TK3THOC npOTHOOT3HKOOOe OpyAHC, cnpaoa). HecMoTpa Ha caoi1 6oA&woi1 KaAH6p (120 MM), O'ICHb ACfKOC. Ha CTBOAe yKpcnAcH npHCTpeAO'IHbli1 nyAeMcr M8 KaAH6pa 12,7 MM. TipHHU110 ACHCTBHll 0CHOB3H H3 HCDOAb3083HHH pa:r pywaCMOfO npH BbiCTpeAe AQHb1WK3 03TpOH3 (pa3pC3 HH)I(C cnpaaa}.

ANI

KaAH6p

3apli)I(3HHll AaryH-

4,72

A!Oi1Ma (120 MM).

Bee 295 Kr. TaKTwreCKall 6ocaa11

HOi1 fHAb3bl C AOHbiWKOM 113

AHCT3HUJ.!j!

OAaCTMaCCbl CO DAO nooopa'!HB3·

CO CMHH3eMOH fOAOBKOH H

1000 M. CHapliAhl:

eTCll 8 CTOpOHy. TipH BbiCTpCAe A3BACHHe ra3a pa3pblaacr Ha KYCKH DAaCTMaCCOBylO wa.::i6y, H ra3bl Bb16pacbiBaiOTCll qepe3 conAo H333A. TipHMCHCHHC ACfKQfO MeT3AA3 -

M3fHHll -

0038Q-

AI1AO H3fOTOBHTb O'!CHb ACfKOC opyAHe. He6oA&woi1

Aa<Pe'r

no3-

BOAlleT HC 33AYMb183TbCS! 0 cpCACTBC

nepCABH)I(CHHSl -

a HanpaBACHHC Bb16poca ra3a ero

ConAo

MO)I(CT TpaHCDOpT11pOB3Tb AI0-

c Pa3pywaeMoe AOHbiWKO

6oi1 A)I(Hn. 3TH OPYAI-1ll T3K)I(e

ycrynaiOT MCCTO ynpaBASICMbiM

e CHapSIA

paKeTaM.

McraTeAJ.Hbli:i 33PliA

f CTBOA

WaeACKOC PV-1 110 (cnpaoa) -

g YH~-tTapHbl.:i naTpOH

6C30TK3THOe opyA11C, HC00Ab3Y· 10w,ee TaK )l(e, KaK 11 WOMBAT, pa3pywaeMOC AOHhiWKO naTpoHa; T3K)I(C HMCeT DOAY38TOM3TH'ICCKHH npHCTpCAO'!HbiH nyAeMeT. TioAyKpyrAbiH ynop H3 6yKCHpHOi1 WT3Hre 11CD0Ab3YCTCS! AAll H380AKI1 opyAHll.

Ka11.1-16p 90 MM. TaKTH'ICCKa11 TipHMCH CHH C DpHCTpCAOqHOI'O

6oeB3S! A11CT3HUH11

ny11.eMcra (cnpaoa). Ha80A'IHK

Bee 260 Kr.

900 M.

H3UCAHB3CTCll H3 T3HK 11 CTpCAll· CT H3 nyAeMCTa. TIOACT Tpacc~-t PYlOW.ei1 nyAH xopowo npoCAe)I(H8aCTCll, 8CDbiWK3 npH YA3PC 11 803HI1K310W,CC 06A3'1KO Af>IM3 YK33hiB310T MCCTO ee D OD3A3 HI1ll ( 1). Tip11 0003AJHHI1 8 UeAb TOT'13C np1180Al!T 8 ACi1CT811C «fA38· Hbli1 CT80A». ECAH !OCTI1p0BK3 06011X 8J1A08 Opf)l(l1ll BbiOOAHeHa npaBHAbHO, TO TpaeKTOpH11 C0803AJ!OT, H 00p3)1(CHI1C UCAH CH3pS!AOM OCHOBHO f O K3A116pa rapaHT11p OB3HO

(2).

201

KOPAEEALHLIE OPYAHJI, 3APJDKAEMLIE C KA3EHHOH 'IACTH

PaJBHTHe soeHHO-MopcKHx c wn B TeXHH'leCKOM acn eKTe c cepc.llHHbt

aecbMa o6wwpHrut TeMa. Text~ono

XIX cronenut -

fH'lCCKHH nporpecc C.lleJJan BOJMO)I(HblM n mt1:111eHHe KaJ HOJapH.IlHbiX opy.llHH H )l(eJJeJHbtX n apoxo.llOB. Mbt He 6y.lleM KacaTbcn KOHCTPYKUHH 6poHwpoaaHHbtx Kopa6nel1 11 TaKTHKI1 MOpCKI1X Cpa)l(eH I1 H TOfO RpCMCBI1 , HO paCCMOTp11M n11Wb KO -

pa6enbHbte opy.lli1H Ba py6e)l(e npownoro BeKa H HbtHCWHero.

B 9To speMn 6oesbt e Kopa6nl1 6bln11 nnasaJOLU11MI1

Kpenocr~tMI1

c Tfl)l(eJJOH apTHnnep11ei1 11 ncpe)I(I1Ba.Jtl1 csoi1 pacuscr. H o y)l(c ~1 CpC3 HeCKOnbKO ,lleCHTHnCTI1H MOIUb aBHaUHH OTO.Il811Hyna 11X

Ha BTOpOH nnaH. P acn oAO)I(CHHe opyAH H Ha soeH· HOM Kopa6Ac (ssepxy) P3AHK3A&· HO MCHJIAOCb 8 KOHUC

16,25 AIOi:tMa (4 12 MM)

311fAHHCKOf0 KOpa611Jl «6CH60y•,

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(1)

crp. 173) . OpyAI-IJI H axOAIITCII

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211

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B 6oJibliD1HCTBe rryneMeTOB npHMeHH-

1 « MaACCH». AaTCKHH npOCKT, npCACT3BI\CH 80 MHOfHX CTpa-

D OJBOI\JlA BCCTI1 OfOHb CTOll , 6e3 COWCK.

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a 0,30 AIOHMa (naTpOH o6paJua

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8 MM

(H Apyr11e)

JOT Mara:311Hbl, OHM ny•rwe, YeM JieHTbl, COOTBeTCTBYJOT Tpe6osa-

9 ,07 Kf C 450 8biCTpC110B B MHHY"fY

HHSIM M06HJJbHOCTH. CeronHH Ja.natt H ner1<.11x rryneMeTOB Bhi-

1906 r., 7,62 8,82 Kf

63 MM)

C 500 BbiCTpCIIOB B MI1HyTY d AaBIICHI1C f3J3 e Mara311H

BoJAYWHoe

noJIHHJOTTaK)I{e MHorouenesbte nyneMeTbi, KOTOpbte noJsom t -

C1111a OTAa'il1 e PolKKOBbll1 MaraJ11H

IOT 6bi CTpO COCpe.UOTOlJHBaTb OfOHb.

Mcra MOACI\H 1908 r., TlllKCI\OC,

Bo3AYWHoe «foq KJtc Mkl», 19 16

«M3KCI1M 08/ 15» , HCMCUKall

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a 7, 92 # 57 MM KOHCTp)'KU1111, KOTOpyiO 11COOI\b· b 17,7 Kf JOBaAI1 T3IOKC 3MCp11KaHCKI1C, C 450 BbiCTpCIIOB B M11HYfY

TaHcKall BCpC11Jl cj>paHUy3CKOI1 KoALI coKpaw,eHJtH a K aMt6p naTpOHOB

DyAeMeT ALIOHCa (BHI13Y) V13o6peTCH 3MCp11K3HUCM, HO

Bee, HecHapsDKCHHblH c TeMn crpe111>6bl

Op11MCHJli\CJl fi\38HbiM o6pa30M 6p11T3HU3MI1 (1915-1939 rr.).

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B MexaHI13Me nepe3aplllKaH11li 11COOI\L3ye'rCJl

e AtJi nOAa'!l1 6oenp11nacos cAylKI1T ...

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212

BoJAYWHoe

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f 5

a 0,303 AIOHMa (T-~ Apyr11e) b 1 1,7 Kf

C H/\3 OTA3'111 e AeHTa BONIHOC

Dy11CMCT W oma. HeyA3'1Hall KOHCTp)'KUT-lll, HO np11MCHlii\Cll

C 500 llbiCTpCIIOB B M11HYfY

cj>paHUY3CK11MI1 11 3NtCp11K3HCK11-

MI1 BOI1CK<L\11-l B 1-10 M11pOByiO BOI1Hy. b 9,07 Kf a 8 MM «J\e6CAb»

AaBIICHI1C f3Ja e 06o11Ma (Mk I

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f Bo3AYWHOe 3 BAR M1918 A2

( Browning Automatic Rifle- aBTOMaTI1'1e-

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e Mara311H

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B03AYWHOe

6 Breo Mkl, 1937. 6p!-ITaHCKa11 9epc1111 'lewcKoro ZB/vz26. 0A11H 113 Hai160ACC yAa'IHbiX J\CfK11X nyACMCT08. nocACAH11C MOACJ\11 AO CI1X nop HaXOAllTCll Ha ooopy"'eHI111. a 7,62 M.M (11 Apyr11e) b 10,15 Kr C 500 8b1CTpCA08 8 M11H)'TY d AaBACHI1e raJa e Po)f(K08bl.:i MaraJI1H f BoJAYWHOe 11 CMCHHbl.:i CTBOJ\

Z B/vz 26 (BHI1Jy), O'ICHb ycnewHU 'ICXOCJ\083UKU KOHCTpyK· U1111 1926 r. npapOA11TCJ\b nyAeMCTa Bren (eM. 8blwe). a 7,92 # 57 MM (11 Apyr11e) b 9,6 Kr C 500 BbiCTpeAOB 8 MI1Hyt)' d Aa8ACHI1e raJa e Mara311H f Bo3AyruHoe

7 «A,errn p es• (AI1M), 1945 r. 8 «A.>t<oH COH M4h. YcnewHU aMep11K3HCKU KOHcrpyKU1111, HO CooeTcKa11 YA}"!WCHHU MOACJ\b PnA 1928 r. B crpaHax Aai\&He- np1-L'v1CtlliJ\3Cb TOJ\l>KO 3MCp11K3H· ro BocroKa 11 A<Pp11KI1 AO c11x CK11MI1 pe.:iHA)f(Cp3MI1, IICK0Topb1MI1 COCU113Al>HbiMI1 CJ\ y)f(63MI1 nop HaXOAI1TCll Ha 800p}"A<C· 11 f0M3HACK11M11 KOJ\OHI13J\bHbiHl111. MI1 80.:iCK3MI1 (J.1HAOHC31111). a 7,62 MM # 54R b 12,2 Kf a 0,30-06 (7,62 # 63 MM) C 520-580 8b1CTpCA08 8 MI1Hyt)' b 6,48 Kr d Aa8J\CHI1C raJa C 300-900 BbiCTpCJ\08 8 MI1Hyt)' e 6apa6aHHbl.:i Mara311H (peryA~-tpyCMbl.:i) d C~-tAa OTA3'111 f Bo3AyruHoe e Mara311H f BoJAywt~oe 9 KK62 . <DI1HCKU KOHCTpy1<U1111 AJ\11 C08CTCKOro KOpOTKOro naT· poHa KaA116pa 7,62 MM o6pa3ua 1943 r. a 7,62 # 39 MM b 8,3 Kr C 1000-1100 BbiCTpCAOB 8 MI1Hyt)' d AaoAeH~-te raJa e AeHTa f 803AYWHOC

10 T Hn 5 6. K11Ta.:icKa11 KOnHll C08CTCKOfO PY'fHOrO nyACMCTa Aerrllpe8a (PnA); ero 11MCtOT Ha 800pY"'eHI111 MHOr11e fOCY· Aapcrna, o TOM 'IHCJ\C Er11ne-r, CeoepHu Kopel!, B&CTHaM 11 naK11CT3H. a 7,62 fl 39 t.1M b 7 Kf C 700 DbiCTpCAOB 8 MI1Hyt)' d AaOACHI1C raJa e AeHTa f B o3AywHoe T eMn crpeAb6bJ, np11BOA11Mbl.:i 8 xapaKTep11CTHK3X (TfA - TaKT11KO·TCXHI1'1CCKI1X A3ll ll b1X) n yACMCTOD, - 3TO TCOpeT11'1CCK3ll, a He 60C8U CKOpOCTpCAbHOCTb (opeM11 Ha nepe3apliAKy MaraJI1· Ha 111\11 J\CHTN OCT3CTCll HC Y'fTCHHbiM).

2 13

CPE~HUE " T.SDKEALIE IIYAEMETLI

Cpe!lHI1e 11 TmKenbie n yner.·l eTbi cooTBeTCTBYIOT KJJ.aCCI1Y e-

a 7,62 M"-'1

54 R

Hl1311p0B3H 11

b CKOMY o6pa3y nyneMeTa - OfHe)lbfWawefi <<KOCI1flKI1>> Ha ITOJlRX cprut<eHI1i1 l - i1 M11posoi1 BOHHbi. Jl y~runre rryneMeTbi -

«M aK-

CI1M•>, 6p11T3~ICKI1H <>, 3Mep11K3HCKI1ff << fipayH I1Hf

M 19 17>>

11n11 HeMeUK11i1 MG08 MOfJ1 11 cnenaTb 110 10 000 BbiCT-

pen os B Yac, ecn 11 6brna o6ecnetieHa nollaYa 6oenp11nacos, CMeHHbi X CTBOflOB 11 0Xfl3)!(Jl310IUeH BO!lbl. C n051BneHI1eM 1\111HOMeTOB, rpaHaTOMeTOB, TaHKOB 11 C31\10neTOB CHI1311fl3C b noTp e6HOCTb B TaKHX .[lJ111TeJlbHbiX <<CeaHCaX pa60Tbl>> .

69,2 Kr c Ao 600 BbiCTpeAOB B MI1HYTY d Cl1!13 OTAa'll1

)l(e,

'ITO 11

Ha CTp. 212-213, 33 11CKJ\JO'ICHI1eM:

06w.11!1 oec

AaBACHI1C raJa

f BoJAYWHOe 1914 r., aMep11KaHCKI1H. Opo3 oaH e 06oi1Ma 3 «OpaYHKHf M2», aMCp11KaHCKI-1H. «KapTOcpCACKOTI3AKOH» 11 3-Ja OT· Co3A3H 8 1918 f ., fihlfl np11lli!T Ha Ki\OfU!lOW.CfOC.SI BHI13 pb!'l ara. a 0,30-06 (11 A p yr11e) b 45,8 Kf C 400-500 ObiCTpe-

B00p~CHI1C

MH0fi1MI1 apM11.SIMI1.

C~ B fiOAbWOM K0!111'1CCTBC. 3TO

33MCA1\11TC!ICM C 060HM3, TIOJAHCC !ICHTa

so speMSJ 611TBbl Ha CoMMe I 1110M-1 9 H0~6p.SI 1916 r.

57 MJvl

e J\eHTa

BOA.S!HOC

f 8 03AYW HOC 9 T Kn 92, 1938 r ., l!nOHCKI1H.

f B o3AYWHoe (y 3Tol1 sepc1111) 4 • MaKCHM PM1910 », pyccK11.::i .

C 400 BbiCTpC!IOB B M11HYfY d «06paTHOC» A38ACHI1C raJa

Op11MCH.SI11Cl! o M11 p. ooi1Hax, np11MCH.SICTCll CW.C 11 CCfOAH.SI B

e J\eHTa

o6e11x M11pOBbJX soi1Hax pa3· !111'1Hb!MI1 apM11.SIMI1.

214

IOro-Bocro'IHOJ:i A31111.

XOA11TC51 Ha BOOpy)I(CHI111. a 12,7 MM b 35,5 Kr C 550 Bb!CTpC!IOB B MI1HYfY

fi1X H3AC)I(Hb!X CpCAHI1X nyACMC· TOB C 11HCpU110HHbiM JaTBOpOt.•l. Op11MCIHIACll pa3A WiHbiMI1 crpa· HaMI1 s o6e11x M11 p. soi1Hax.

f Bo3AYWHOe e J\eHTa « fO'IKKC», MOAC!Ib 19 14 r ., B

np11MCH.SI!IC.SI r113BHbiM o6paJOM KaK JcHI1THbiH. Koe·rAe e1ue Ha·

a 8 M<\1 M93

0 p11MCH.SI!IC.SI

BoA.SIHOe, noJAHee BOJAYWHoe • Aerrn p e s », AlllK, 1938 r . CooeTCKI1H T.SI)I(C!Ib!H ny11eMeT,

«illBa pl.I,J\OJC», MOAeAb 07/12, aBCTp11HCKI1H. 0AI1H 113 HCMHQ-

a 0 ,50 AIOJ:iMa (12,7 # 99 MM) b 49,4 Kf C 600 Bb!CTp.jMI1H d C11Aa OTA3'111 e J\eHTa

cppaHUY3CKI1J:i.

f 8

32 Kr

!108 B M11HYfY d AasACHI1C r a3a

17 Kf (HCCHapl!)I(CHHbiH)

Op)"A<I1C OTBCTCTBCHHO Ja TIOTC· p10 60000 6p11T:lHCKI1X COi\AaT

a 8 MM «J\e6CAb>> o6pa3ua • 1886 r. C 450 BblCTpCAOB B M11HYfY C b 40 Kr yCKOp11TC!IeM d Cl1!13 0TA3'111 C 600 Bb!CTpC1108 B M11HYfY

1 <<Op aYHKHI'-KOALT>>, MOAC!Ib

BoAJIHOe

C 500 BblCTpC!IOB B M11HyTy 5 · MaKCKM MGOS», HCMCU.K11H, 1908 r. C 1914 r. 113fOTaBAI1BaA· d «06paTHOC» A3B!ICHI1C raJa, C

a 7,92 KOAbi COKpaw,eHKi:t - Te

e J\eHTa

np11MCH~!IC~

KOHUa 2 -11 M11p. BOHHbl . a 6,5 MM M95

19,9 Kr

BoA.RHOC «<l>K aT-PCBCMK », 1914 r .,

11TaAb.SIHCK11i1. B

1935 r. MOACP·

AaBACHI1C raJa e J\eHTa

Bee l!nOHCK11e KOHCTPYKUI-111 11C· nO!IbJOBaA11 CI1CTCMY fO'IKI1Ca.

a 7,7 MM b 55,4 Kf C 450- 500 Bb!CTpC!IOB B MI1HyTy d A.1BACH11C raJa e 06oJ:!Ma C MaC!ICHKOH

80JAYWHOC

10 • o p a y H H Hr M l917•, aMep~-t· KaHCK~-ti1 . PoAOHaq3JibH11K ueAoro CCMCi1CTB3 nyACMCTOB, MHO· fHC o6pa3Ubl 113 KOTOporo AO C11X nop COCTOllT Ha BOOpy· )f(CHHH.

a 0,30-06 (7,62 MM) b 18,6 Kr C 450-600 BbiCTpeAOB B M11HYTY d CI1A3 OTA3'111 f BoAJIHOe e AeHTa 11 •BH~<~<epc Mkl•, 6p~-tTaH· CK~-ti1. DbiA ua aoopy-A<eHHH a

1912-1965 rr.

3ACCb npCACT3B·

ACH3 BCpC11ll KOHU3

2-i1

M11p.

aoi1Hhl. KoHcrpyxu~-tll THnWIHa

MJ1.

MOACAC:i1 C BOAJIHbiM OXJ\3)1(·

ACHI1CM, B KOTOpbiX nap H3· npaBAliCTCll no WA3Hry 8 KOH· ACHCOp. C

naHOpaMHbiM np~-tu.c-.....___..-

AOM H3A ABOHHOH pyKOllTKOi1

6oenp~-tnacaMI1

Mk8z

no opy·

)f(J1C MOrAO nOp3)1(3Tb Uc:Ab H3 paccrol!HI111 AO

4100 M.

CAO)f(·

HbiH, HO H3AC)f(HbiH.

0,303 AIOi1Ma (7,62 MM) b 40,2 Kr C 450-500 BbiCTpC· AOB B M11HYTY d C I1A3 0TA3'111 e AeHTa f BOAJIHOC a

2 15

MHOrOQEAEBLIE IIYAEMETLI 1 MG34,

HeMeu;Kl1i1,

1934

TiepBbl.::i nyAeMeT, KOTOpbi.::i ycneWHO 06'bCA11Hl1A p01111 AerKOfO 11 TJl)f(CAOfO. n p11MCHJlACJ! BO BpeMJI

a 7,92 #57 C

2-.::i MM

M11p0BOH BO.:iHbl. b 12,) Kf

800-900

B.blCTpCAOB B MI1HYTY C1111a OTA3'Il1

f B03AYWHOe e AeHTa 2 « KaAaWHHKOB», n K, COBCTCKI1.::i, OK.

1964 r. Ha

CTaHKe

o603H3'13CTCl! KaK nKC. YHI1c!mu11pOBaH

aBTOMaTOM AKM.

KopOTKl1e naTpOHhl o6pa3u;a 1943 r. o6ecne'II1BaiOT 6oAI>wyiO A3ALHOCTb CTpC11b6bl. 7,62 # 39 MM b 8,9 Kf

c 650 BbiCTpCIIOB B M11HYTY d AaBIICHI1C f333 e Mara311H f Bo3AYWHOe 3 SIG MG710-3, woei1uapcK11H , 196 1 r. nocTaBAJl/101 B HCKOTOpbiC lO)f(H03MCp11K3HCK11C CTpaHbl. Mo)f(HO O'ICHb 6hleTpo 3aMCH11Tb CTllOII .

a 7,62 # 51 NIM, HATO b 9,25 Kr c 600 BbiCTpCIIOB B MI1HYTY d «06paTHOC» A3BACHI1C raJa, C 33MCAJII1TCIICM

e 4

AeHTa

Bo3AYWHOC

«Oro)'He p 63A», CWA, 1963 r. 3ACCb npe,A,craolleH ACfKl1H nyAeMCT C Mara311HHOH nOA,a'ICH 6oenp11naCOB, KOTOpaJI 33Mn!O.:i Tpex

ACTaAC.:i MO)f(CT 6b!TL npeo6pa3QBaHa B ACHTO'IHYJO. nepBOH3'13AbHO l13rOTJ81111BaiiCJ! flOA naTpOHbl

HATO KaA116pa 7,62 # 5 1 MM. a 5,56 # 45 MM b 5,3 Kr c

700

ObiCTpCIIOB B MI1HYTY AaBIICHI1C ra3a

e AcHTa 111111 Mara3MH

B 6oJJbWHHCTBe cospeMeHHbJX apM HI1 MHoroueneBbJe ny-

BoJAYWHOe

JICMCTbi BbinOJIHlliOT .use JaD,aYH. Ha cowKax 3TO nerKHI1 nyne MeT, Ha rpeHore -

cpeD.HHM J.1JIH nDKCJlbi l1 nyneMeT. BoJ.uyw-

Hoe OXJlrut<JlCHHC CTBOJla He MO)I(CT o6ecnetiHBaTb .llJl HTCJlbHYIO CTpCJlb6y, KaK CTapbiC nyJICMCTHbiC CTBOJlbl C BO.ll.SlHbiM OXlla)l(.lJ.eHHCM. H oB cospeMCHHOM 6010 3TO He TaKall y>K 60JibWaSl HC06XO.UHMOCTb. MHHOMCTbl 133SlJIH Ha CC651 3aD,a Yy aprHnnepHl1CKOl1 noMep)I(J(11 orHeM nexoTbl Ha ysenHYCHHhiX D,HCTaHUHJlX.

KOAJ>I coKpam,e H Hif -

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11 Ha CTp. 212-213, KpOMC: b Bee op}')K11JI Ha eowKe (ABy1ioroi1) g Bee opy)f(I1J! Ha craHKe (Tp CHO re)

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216

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B 6poHwposaHHOM cyxonyT-

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Y ncpllbiX

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• B11KKepc Mk3» <jJperaTa 2- j;j MHpoooj;j ooj;jHbl. TaHKOB bJC n y11CM CTbJ (011113y) I «B 11KKep c MkV», 1933 r. Tl1nwllihlj;j TIDKC/Iblj;j TaHKOOblj;j ny1\CMCT nep110A3 Me)KAY ABYMll M11p. BOHH3M11. CI1CTCMbl OX/13)1\· ACH11ll ero 11 TaHKoooro ABI1raTc-

2 B ESA

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b 24,5 Kr

C 450 BbiCTpCAOB 0 M111l }'"ry (y oap11aHTOB Mkl 11 M kll napb11· p0831\Cll AO 75 ObiCTpCIIOO 0 Ml1· HyTy)

llll OfuCA11HCHbl.

a 0,50 AIOj;jMa (12,7 MM}

e AeHTa

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MAG (eM. crp. 2 17). a 7,62

if 51

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b 10,9 Kr

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218

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lKCH3 83pb18'13TKOH mopntKC H KpCO HTCJI K KOpnycy BpalKCCKOrO KOpa6Mt HHlKC 8 3TepAHH'HH C noMOW.&IO WCC"rH M3rHI1TOB. n oA06HbiC MHHbl ycraH38AI1 8310T OOABOAHbiC 6oHlJ,bl

(•AIOAK-MI-

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A3» ( c npaaa), 11COOA&30838W3l1Cll 80

2-.:i

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a Pyi\b b 3ACKTpOMOTOp c 0TceK ANI o6opyAOBaHHll

M'H, 3 33TCM CK00Hp083HHall 3H-

rAH'I3H3MH. 3To 6biA AByxMCCT-

e U11crepHa nAaoyqecrH

3AeKTpo6aTapeH

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np1160p1>1 ynpaBACHHll

pOBW.HK, npOHHK3BWHH BO Bpa-

6oeroAOBKa

lKCCKHC f383HI1 C 6oerOAOBKOH, KOTOpyiO 3aTeM OTUCOAAAK, noCbli\31\11 A3ACC K UCAH 11 B3pb183AH, KOfA3 CaMH AI18CpC3HTbl MIAI1Cb npo'l&.

YA3,--+-c:):::~~

pai1oH Aei1cr-

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233

rnABA

JiOMlihl H PAKEThl B 9TOt1 rnaae Mbl CJlOBa -

paccKrut<eM o 6oM6ax (a CTporoM CMbtCJie

CHapsurax, c6pacbtaaeMbiX c JleTaTeJlbHbiX annapaTOB)

11 paKeTax acex copT08, OT npont80TaHK08biX no SI.nepHbiX, a TaJOKe o Topne.nax. 3eHHTOM CJla8bl aBHa60M6 6biJia 2-SI M11pOBa51 80t1Ha, KOf.lla HX npHMeHeHl1e J.1MeJlO KaK CTpaTerJ-r'leCK)'lO pOllb np11 aTaKaX Ha ropo.na, TaK 11 TaKTH'IeCK)'lO Ha nonSix cprut<eHHil.

B TOR )((e

BOt1He CTMa Bl1.llHa nepcneKTHBa 8 pa3BI1TI111 paKeT 11 peaKTJ.18H b!X CHapSI,UOB.

C 1945

f. 9TH HOBble BJ.1.llbl Op)0K11SI HaxO.llSIT

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B 3TOH

maae 'IHTaTemo MoryT BCTpeTHTbCst CJle.nyJOW.He co -

Kpaw.eHHst:

MBP:

Me)((KOHTHHeHTaJlbHaSI 6MJl11CTif'leCKa51 paKeTa

BPTI,ll

6aJ1Jll1CTif'JeCKa5r paKeTa npoMe>KYTO<fHOH .UMbHOCTJ.1

BPC,ll.: 6anJrnCTJ.1lteCKM paKeTa cpel(HeR .llMhHOCTH BPilll: 6arurHCTH'! ecKa5r paKeTa Ha no.zr80.UHOR no.nx e KPBB: KpbiJlaTast paKeTa 803.nylUHoro 6a3HpoaaHH5l KPilll: KpbtJlaTast paKeTa Ha no.nBO.UHOH no.nKe Pfll TUna <<MIRV»:pa3neJUIJOW.a5rC5r fOJIOBHa51 qaCTb C 11H.lllfBH.UYMbHbiM HaBe.neHHeM 6oefOJlOBOK Ha UeJlH

Pfll THna «MARY>): paJ.nenSIJOW.astcst MaHeBpHpyiOWM roJlOBHM 'IaCTb C MbTepHaTHBHblM HaBe.lleHHeM 60efOJlOBOK Ha UeJlH

IIBO: BOil: BP,ll.:

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paKeTHhiH .llBHfaTeJl b Ha TBep.llOM TOnJlHBe

npOTI.fBOB03.UYWHa51 060pOHa B03)lylUHO-peaKTJ.1BHbii1 .nawraTeJlb

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2-11

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234

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1 C oCTaBHbic 11aCTit Tl1nl1'liiOH

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(cHapSUl) 6c3 .cumraTenn, c6pacbtsaeMbiH c neTaTeJJbHOro anna-

a BI1360M6 b1 ( CIICBa)

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1912

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K KoHuy 1-w M11posoi1 BOHII btllpt1MCttSJJJHCb y)l(e 6oM6bt secoM a 1000 Kr. Bo speMst 2-H MHpOBOH BOHIIbl «aCCOpT11MCHT>> np11MCHSICMblX as11a60M6 ueHTpo6e)l(ttoe BJRO!lmuce ycrpowcrso.

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(b).

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B 3 pbiBaT e.m (CAesa)- ycrpo.:icroa,

( « fiOMfiO'ICK• ).

np11BOAllw11e s ACHCTBI1e ocHo&-

T 11nw 6oM6. B Ta6AHU.c (c11eBa)

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np11MCHliiOTCSI

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B03Aci1CTBHC. noc11e pa3pb18Hb1X

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fioMfihl. 33)f(l1f3TCI\bHhiC, OCKQ-

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VB-13

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K oHTaKT. B3phiBaTc llb pearH-

11CnOIIb3083Tb « K3CCeTHbiC» 60M· 6bl, COACP)I(3W,I1C MHQ)I(CCTBO

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6oM6a CO 83pb183TCIICM 0:\A.leT,

HbiC MeTOAhl CIIJ,C 3qxpet.'TI1BHCC

P aJ pb18HblC

fOAOBHOH, C 33MCAI\11TCJ\CM Me-

(1960 r.) (1965 r.) «B CJOAy6 o i1HN H » (1970 r .) f11ApOCT3TI1'1CCKI1i1 (1965 r.)

X3H I1'1CCKOf0 T11na

4 5 6

H eKOHTaKTHhl i1

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241

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b 16,5 Kf C 3000 M d TpeHora; nexoTa 111

TpaHcnoprrHOe CpeACTBO 10 • XCAAcpai:tp• (C WA) a PATf

b 43 Kf C 5000 M d BepTOACT, B03AYWHbli1 nycK 0603H3'1CHHJI napaMeTpOB a T11n ABHraTCAll b Bee paKeTbl c MaKe. p3AHYC ACHCTBI!Ill d Oco6eHHOCTH nycKa 111 TpaHc-

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D 255

3EHHTHLIE PAKETLI A3Ju,H060HH3ll p3KCT3 «6 Aa,A,X3-

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H bl npoTHBnpyrHx paKeT. P a311H'IaiOTTIJI1 ocHOBHbiX KJtacca:

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HO 33TCM, KOfA3 nOliBHJIHCb 6o-

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i\CC 1\CrKO TpaHCnOpTHpycMbiC CI1C'fCMltl 6blcrporo pa38CPTbiB3HHJI, C'fai\3 11CnOIIb3083TbCll H3 C'f3U110HapHb1X nyCKOBbiX ycraHOBK3X. nocrynl1i\3 H3 800p)"A<e-

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KM.

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(amt3y).

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(4)

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(A)

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(DHH3y)-

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(8)

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TaHKOBble 11 ApyrMe asaHrapA-

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nepCAOBbiMI1 60C8b1MH

KoHTpOAbllo-KOMatlAII bli:t nocr

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3 4

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256

ycraHOBKH

nOAp33-

fHAp3BIIH'ICCKI1M ycrpOHC'fBOM

CR, HO ycrpoJ:icroa cnycKa 11 cAe-

113 BHYTPCHHHX M3f33HHOB.

)I(CHHJI MOfYT 6h1Tb HCnOAb308aHbl nOBTOpHO-

50M6bl 11 PAKETbl

3eHHTHbiC paKeTbl (cnpaaa) CTau,HOHap HbiCjnoAycrau,HoHapHbie 1 «f 3MMOH» (SA-5) (CCCP) a 10000 Kf b OK. 250 Klv\ c KoMaHAHall + aKTHBHoe paAapHOe CaMOHaBCACHHC 2 «HaHK fepKyAec~ (CiliA) a 4500 Kr b 6oAee 140 KM c KoMaHAHall 3 «EI\3AXa}'HA Mk2» (BeM1K06puTaH~<~ll)

b 6oAee 80 KM c D oAyaKTHBHoe paAa pHoe caMoH3BCACHI1C Mo6HhbHbiC CHCTCM bJ 1 «faHecp» (SA-4) (CCCP) a 1800 Kf b OKOAO 70 KM c KoMaHAHOe 2 «PanHpa» (8eAHK06pHT3HHll) c KoMalfAHOe npHUCA~<~BaHHe '" + p3A3pHOC CAC)f(CHI1C 3 «foa • (SA-3, SA-N-4) (CCCP) b 30 KM c BcACHHC A}"'OM + noAyaKTI1B· HOC P3A3PHOC CaMOH3BCACHHC 4 «fcKKOH» (SA-8) (CCCP) b 16 KM c KOM3HAH3ll 5 «f e.:!HcpyA» (SA-6) (CCCP) a 550 Kr b 60 KM c KoMaHAHall + noAyaKTHOHOe p3A3pHOC C3MOH38CACHHC 6 «KpOT3hb» (<DpaHU11ll) a 80 Kf b 8,5 KM c PJA11oynpast\lleMall 7 «XOK» (CWA) a 120 Kf b 35 KM c PaAapHaR 8 «D3TpHOT» (CiliA) c KOM3HAH3ll, UCAb OTCI\C)f(l103· CTCll <tepe3 paKery (1VM) 9 «POMHA» (<DpaHU11li/ <DPf) a 63 Kr b 6,3 KM c PaAHOynpaoAl!eMaSI D epeHOCHbiC CHCTCMbl 1 «fpdi.M (SA-7) (CCCP) a 15 Kf b 10 KM C l1HcppaKp3CHOC caMOH3BCACHHC 2 «I>AoynaHn» (8CAHK06puTaHI1j[) a 12,7 Kr c PaA~<~Oynpaat\SieMall, onTH<tC· CKOC CAC)f(CH11C 3 RBS-70 (W aeUHll/llisdiuap11S1) a 44 Kf b 5 KM c BCACHI1C t\33CpHb1M A}"'OM 4 «Cnmrep» (CiliA) a 13,4 t<r C DaCCI181-IOC 111icppaKp3CHOC HAI1 yA&Tpacp110ACToaoe CaMOHaBCACHI1e

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I ~

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257

T AKTIPIECKHE

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I ..tl>eHH KC•

380

Ill>

(AJM-54A) (CWA)

b 160 KM

c PJ.AapH<UI (noAyaKTHBIIall KpdlcepcKall, 3KTI18H311

K0HC'IH311)

« ACDJtA>t (V1T3A1111)

a 220

C 0 oAyaKTI1BH311 p3A3p11 311

3 «Caa6-372" (Wneu~<w) a 110 Kr c VIHpaKpaCHoe C3MOH,lllCACmtc 4 • A K p HA>t (AA-6) (CCCP)

8QQ

b 50

c VIHpaKpacHoe caM0113BeACIHte 5 · MaTJ>a-Ma)K HK

R550•

(<l>pau-

U1111)

a 90 c

b 6 KM

VI HpaKpacHoe C3MOH3BCACHI1e

6 SRAAM b 8 KM

(BeAHKo6pHT3 111111)

c VI HpaK pac•~ oe CaMOHa OCACti HC

• C aHA intHACP » (A I M-9L)

(C W A)

a 72

b 7

c VI H<!>paKpacHoe caMOII3BCACIIHC

• 6p33oj n e .:t s -A p M •

(CWA)

200 Kf pCADOAO>KI1TCAbHO 25 !(f.\

a n pcADOAO>K11TCAbll0

§;I

'··········

I])

·~

C naCCI1BHOC C3MOH3BCACHI1C H3 11CTO'IHI1K 113AY'IC1111ll 0603H3'1 CH11ll napaMCTpOil -

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257.

0Tcyr-

C'I'IJY IOUJ,HC A3HHbiC IICI\O<."ryn II bl. P a K CT bl KAliCCa « BO:JAyx - o oJAyx" (cACoa) xapaKTcpHJYIOTCII

CACAYIOW.11MI1

K3'1CCT83MI1:

A Bb1COKall MaHeopeiiiiO<.-rb, 06bi'IHO A0C'I'I1f3CM311

nepCA1111M

pacnOAO>KCHI1CM pyAej:i (a3p0AI1· H3MI1'1CC K3ll CXCMJ «yrKa») HAI1 ynpaBACHI1CM DCKTOpOM Tllf11

Cy w ccrsy iOT .ns a maBHbt X KJtacca p a KeT B03llYWHOro 6a3H-

(KaK B 6pHT3HCKOi1 paKCTC

p ooa uH$! . Pa KCTbt «B03llyX - B03JlYX>> npenH a3Ha'tCHbt JUHt y ttH't -

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B Cnoco6HOCTb Bbl ACP>K H ilaTb

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238.)

60AbW11C ncperpy3KI1, COII3311· HbiC C pe3KI1MI1 nOBOpOT3M11; C

C11crCMbl c aMOII.IDCACIIHII,

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( c Ac-

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( «X80CT083H») C'IHTaCTCII

npCA-

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PaKCTa 3anyw.eHa

c M oMeHT nopa>KeHHII ueAH

258

50M6bl U PAKETbl

PaKC"I'bl «BOJAyx-noaepxHOCI"b» (cAesa)

1 SRAM

(l!AepHaJJ) {CWA)

1000 Kr b 160 KM

C flporpaMM11pyeMall

11HCpU11·

3AbH3ll

2 HAR.~

(CWA)

a 354 Kr b J6 KM C flaCC11BHOC CJMOH3BCACH11C

11CTO'!H11K

113AY'ICH11l!

«KopMopa H » (A$.34) (fepMa-

H11ll) a 600 Kr

37 KM

C l1HCpU,11aAbH3ll (Kpei1cepCKalt),

3KTI1BH3}J

paAapH al! (KOHC'IHalt)

4 68-MM 3BH3l.I,HOH H3JI p3KCTa SNEB (<l>p.1HU11ll 11 HATO) 5 RB

4E (WBCUHll)

a 600 Kr

AKTMBHall paAapHal!

6 «MaoepHK» {AGM-65) {C WA)

209 Kr b 48 KM

a c

Bap11aHTbl: TCACBI13110HHOe/ Aa·

3CpHOCjTCOAOBH3110HHOC CJMO· H 3 BCAC HH C 7 «CH.-CKya» (BcAl-!K06p14TJHH») a

210

Cllbl W C

C flOAyaKTHBHOC paAapHOC CJMO·

H30CACIIHC

H eynpastVJCMbtC asHau,HOHH&Jc paKCTbl (CAesa), 06hi'I HO 11COOAbPaKeTbt H ApyrHe 6oenpHnac &t MO!)'T nepeHOCHTbCl! BCCMI1 C:l· MOAeT3MI1 Ha OOAKphiAbCBh!X 011AO!t3X ( a) 11 H3 Hl1lKHCi1 CTO· pOHC cp103eNI)l<J

(b).

DOM63pA11pOBW.~1KI1 A3AbHCI'O 11

3yCMb!C nporno H33CMHbiX UCACH, nepeHOCl!TCSI Hb!HC B COCUI13Alr H&Ix o6TeKaeMb!X KOHTei1Hcpax OOA KpL!Abl!MH. CTa611J1H3aTOpb1 npH Xp3HCH1111 CAOlKCHbl 11 pacKpb!Ba tOTCl! noCAe nycKa. KoHTCH·

cpCAHC r O p3A11yCa Ae J1CTBI1Sl

Hep MO)l<eT BMCU.J,JTb OT

o6op yAOB3Hb1 11 BH)'TpCHH11MI1

paKCT. flOK333H WBCACKI1i1 «60-

xp3HI1AI1U.J,3MI1 {paKeTHb!MI1 11

AO 40

cpopc M70», yKOMilJ\CK"roaaHHhli1

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(d).

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•·--········..

1 ATaKa

Ha MaAoi1 BbiCOTe B n o-

nl>ITKC OpOAeTeTb DOA 30H3N111 ACi1CTB H»

2 3anyCK

paAapoB.

paKeT BHC npCACAOB 30H

ACHCTBllil o6opoHHTeAbHbiX CI1C· Tt'M (a). TaKI1e paKcrbl 11cnOAL3Y· JOT pa3Hb1C CI1Cl"CMbl HJBCACHllil AAA CpCAH11X

(b)

11 KOHC'IHbiX (c)

f'I3CTKOB TpaeKTOp1111.

/v.JI

KJ)f(AOfO Bl1AJ JTaK11 paKe-

Tbl pa3pa6aTbiB310TCll oco6o.

259

T AKTH'IECKHE

PAKETLI MOPCKOrO 6A3HPOBAHHJI THn bi M OpcKIU paKCT (cAesa)

n epBbiC MOpCKHe TBCpJ],OTOfiJIHBHbiC paKeTbJ npHMCHHRHCb

XVIII

HeKOTOpble 113 3THX rnnos, KoHC'IHO, MOryr 6b1Tb BK/\!O'ICHbl 11

XIX seKax, HO K Ha4any XX aeKa 6b!nH BbnecHeHbl TOpne,naMH. B HalUlf .llHH MOpCIOIC paKCTHbiC CHCTCMbl CTORb a

B Apyr11e KaTerop111o1, HanpHMep, np11'1HCACHbl K 3eHHTHbiM

)I(C MHOf006pa3Hbl, KaK H MX <<COpO.Ui-1'-111>> HaJCMHOfO H 803-

paKeTaM .

.UYWHOfO 6a3HpOBaHHH.

A «Kopa6A&-B03Ayx•• B «Kopa6Ab-KOpa6Ab»

H aJeMHbiC, BOJ.UYWHbJC H MOpCKHC CHCTCMbJ 4aCTO BJaMM03aMCH51CMbl nocne He6onbworo nepeo6opy.noaa HHH .

C «Kopa6Ab-DOAB0AHMI I\0AK3• D T opnCAbl (eM. cTp. 242) I EaMHCTI1'1CCKHe paKeTbl Ha DOABOAHbiX I\0AK3X (EPnA)

2 npOT11BOKOpa6eAbHbiC TOpnCAbl

npOTI180A0AO'IHbiC TOpDCAJ>I

PaK CTbl «Ko p a6 Ab-B03AYJC>' (CAesa) 1 «T aAOC» (RIM-8) (CiliA) a 3 175 Kr b 120 KM c BeACH11C AY'fOM

noAyaKTI1B-

HOe paAapHoe caMOHaneACHI1C 2 • f oa,. (SA-N-1) (CCCP)

c BeACH11C AY'fOM

+ noAyaKTI1B-

HOe paAapHoe caMoHaneACHI1e

•CH ByAcp» (8CAI1K06p11T3H11ll) c BCACHI1C AY'IOM

"Tep bep »

(RIM-2)

{CiliA)

b 35 KM c BeACHI1C AY'JOM + noAyaKTI1B-

1360 Kr

HOe paAapHoe caMoHaBCACHHC

•CTalfA3p A» (SM-2 (CiliA) a 1360 Kr b 96 KM

IJte:;==;:;;:::::::;;~ ==~c::::::=>

KoMaHAHall + aKTI1BHOe paAapHOe C3MOH3BCACHI1C

6 «C HK3'1'» (Bei\11K06pHT3H11J!) a 68 Kr b 3,5 KM c P3A110ynpaBAJ!CMaJ!

ER)

II :::>

0603H3'1CHI1J! napaMCTpOB -

257. 0TCyT-

)I(C, 'ITO 11 Ha crp.

CTBYIOW.11C A3HHbiC HCAOCT}'DHbl. P aKCTbl «KO pa 6AJr-KOpa 6Ab»

(cAena)

1 • f 36pHCA» {vbpaHAb) a 400 111\1-1 500 Kr

3:>

b 22 2

~----..l..r-(g.,_L--~~

111\1-1

C V1HcpU1131\LH<UI MOH3BCACHI1C 2 «C~t-KHJI./\Cp

a 300 Kf

b 20

KOHC'IHOe ca-

Mk2•

{V1TaA11ll)

c BeACH11e AY'fOM/ p3AHQyn pasi\J!eMal!

3 «nHHrBHH» (HopBerHll) a 330 Kr b 20 KM C VfHCpUH3AbH<UI + 11HcppaKp3CH3l!

«OK30CCT» l\11ll)

(MM40) (<DpaH-

a 825 Kr b 70 KM C VfHCpU11 3AbH<UI + 3KT11BH3l! pa· A3pHal!

«0roM 3T» (VfTaAHl!/<DpaHL\11ll)

a 770 Kr

b 200

C V1HepU113AbH3l! A3pH3l!

• f apofH" Kr b

a 635

3KT118H3J! pa-

(RGM-84A) {CiliA) 110 KM

C J1HCpU1131\bH3ll + 3KTI18H<UI paA3pH3J!

260

50M5bl t1 PAKETbl

PaKeTbJ <<Kopa6A.b-nOABOAJiaJJ AOAKa» (cnpaaa) <<ACpOK» HCCeT TOpncAy 111\H SIACPHYJO r11y611HHYJ0 6oM6y; << VlKapa»- TOpncAy; <<Tl'pH»50-Kr 6oerOIIOBKy; <<Ca6pOK» (nOABOAHOfO n ycKa)- liACpHyJO rAy611HHYJO 6oM6y.

«Ca6poK» (UUM-44A) (ClllA)

a 1815 Kr

56 KM

C V1HcpU11aAbHall.

2 «A cpoK» a 458 Kr b [Q KM

( R UR-5A) (CWA)

c 6e3 Ha8CACHI1St s no11eTc; TOpnCAbl B BOAC -

3KyCTWICCK3 SI

~MKapa» (AacTpaAHSI/BeAHKo-

6p11TaH11ll)

MaKCI1MaAbHbiH P3AI1YC ACH-

CTBI1ll 3XOAOT3 c KoMaHAHaSI

aKycrJ1qccKaJI y

TOpncAbl

«TepH» (Hopacr11S1)

a 135 Kr

3 KM

c HcT

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<<AcpOK» AeTI1T no 6aM11CTI1-

qecKoi1 TpaeKTOp1111 11 c6paCbl aacT TOpnCAY 8 3apaHeC ycraHOB1\CHHOH ToqKe. Mo)!(cT HCCTI1 TaK)!(e 11 SIACPHYJO rAy6HHHyJO 6oM6y.

«VlKapa... HaoeAeH11C paKeTbl

•• c6poc TopncAbl ocyw.ecr8AliJOTCll qepe3 KOM3HAHYJO 1111H1110 CBll311 KOMnblOTCpOM, KOTOpbiH n011yqaeT A3HHbiC OT 3XOIIOT3 KOpa6All. «Ca6poK» (cnpana)- AByxcryneHqaTall T8CpAOTOnA118H3Jl p aKCTa

flOABOAHOfO 6a3Hp083HI1ll,

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KO MCHbWeit Kp11TI1'lCCKOH (noto,-

McHLwall '13CTb U-235

ACIICH11ll U -235 . TaKaJI orpOM-

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CAH .JIHHC aTOMOB ACHTCpH n

CAHHH H e ACHTepH n " TPHTHn

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(8blwe)

(nblwe)

KOsoi1 Macce c ypatwooi1 111111

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1 np11

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C03A3HHOi1

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CT31\KI1 83JOTCll.

OllyTOHI1CBOH A3CT 8 TpH-'Ie1"blpe pa3a 60IIbWe 3HCprHH 11 BbiCRO-

0H11 Clll183JOTCll 3 3TOM re-

60)KA3CT 8 WCCTb p:l3 60IIbWC

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1"1110 11 OA11H Hei1TpOH (c).

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np11 o6pa30831H1H fC1111l!-3

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T e pMO.JIAe pHan 6 oeroAOBKa, HIIH

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11HepTHOi1 cj>opMoi1 ypaHa -

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U-238. PeaKu,HII ACIICHMJI 3any-

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27 1

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nopruK310LUHC Q>aKTOpbl MCpiiOfO 133pb1Ba TaKOBbl: TCnJlOBOC (CBCTOBOC) Hl11YlfCHI1C, ynapH<U! BOJIH3, npoH~1K310l.Urul paLJJ13W1Sl (ncpB11'1WUJ ~1 OCTaTOlfHM) 11 3JICKTJ)OMarHHTHbJH 11MnynbC. TcnJJOBOC ~unylfCH I1C 11Cnap51CT ~1 C>KI1r3CT nee Ha CBOCM OYTI1.

'IJIIbHO 850ro cooci1 3ucpr1111 B 811AC TCil/10801"0 1131\Y'ICIII111, HO

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a 500rob 350Jo -

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2 3

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8 0,14 KrjcM 1 -

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200 KT

A 0-1,7 KM

Krj CMZ-

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MOll\HOCTb

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6-7 nepcoopa'111B3HI1C TpaHCilOPTHbiX CpCACTB 7-8 noape/KACHt-IC K11p011'111biX 3A3HI1H

I ,4 i,Q

1,4-2,5 KM

2,4-5 KM

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6,7-10,5 KM

9-15,3 KM

0 - 3,6 K.M

2,9-5,6 KM

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8,2-12,9 KM

12-16,4 KM

14,9-21,3 !<.M.

18,5-29,5 KM

10 MT

0-10,9 KM

8.7-16,9 lUI.\

15,8-32,6 XM

23,2-38 KM

34,8-50,4 U1

44,9-63,6 KM

57,3-92,2 KM

Mom.uoCTb

200 KT

1,3 lUI.\

1,6 KM

1,7 KM

2,8 K.M

3,2 KM

4 K.'A

4,9 KM

6,1 KM

7,7 K.M

9,4 KM

16 KM

4,9 KM

6,1 KM

6,9 KM

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10,9 KM

13,1 KM

16,5 KM

20,5 KM

34,9 KM

1 MT 10 MT

272

2,2

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4,5 KM

5,4 KM

9,4 K.M

X /IIM/11'1£CKO£,

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I:<AMH M'ICCKH C

scero T C:Aa, pa,A,

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25%

1000/o

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6 TC'ICH11C '13Ca

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30-60

40 AHCH

AHCH

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paH$1TbCll Ha KI11\0MeTpb1, Op0HI1-

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20-35

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800

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1000

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paCCTOSIHHSIX A/\$1

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10 KT 20 KT

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180

pa,o.

228 MpaA

0,684 MP3A

5 0 KT

500 paA

627 MP3A

1,824 MP3A

90 paA

8311 TK3Hb 00fi\01.1.1,3CT H3 140Jo

100 KT

140 paA

1,4

paA

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200 KT

2 730 paA

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500 KT

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pa,o.::::

lMT 10MT

(MpaA).

120 paA

11,4

paA

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19 150 paA

paA

71,8 MP3A

4 56 000 pa,A,

570

pa,A,

1,7

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bl~~tl

(b),

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B3pbi 8, 11MCeT 0'1CHb 83)1(H0C 3H3- paaHH<Ul H3 IJbiCOTC 1800 M (c).

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(b).

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(B)

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paJpa6oTtaix <<3Be3.llHbiX

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1967

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1983

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1978

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c~creMhl - H08ei:twee npoA.OI\)I(e-

8 Cll)"'ae cppaHxo-repMaHC~oi:i cn.tc-

np~cra8M!IOT co6ol1 pa38H'M1e

06li'iHO llOKpb183eT yqacrOK

Hae «1<3CCCTHOM» J.IAClt, ycrpaHlUo- TeMhl ..Anam» (paJpa6aTblB3113Cb

Toro )l(e np11HU.J>tna • .6oM60'U(I1

60 # 240M -

Ul,ee no-rpe6BOCTL B onacHOM no-

1966 r.)

no'I'M1

1,5 ra. He-

pa36pac!ll8aJOTCll no 6ol<aM 11 Ha- AOcraTOK: CaMO/ICT AOI\)I(CH IICTCTl. lleTe H3A U.et\1>10. 3AeCL pe'lb J.!ACT

50 M

HaA U<.'-

33A 113 KOHTCi:!Hepa, 'KOTOpbli:i

Ha BblCOTe OKOAO

Mt60 OCI'3eTCSI llp~KpelliiCHHbiM

ALIO C A03B)'KOBOlt CKOpOCTLIO.

cpaKTH'lCCKlt 0 MaiiCHbKI-IX A031lyKOBbiX KphlAaTblX paxerax,

Janyc-

npHMepHo c

11, 1<3K

1985 no 1992 rr.),

pa36paChT83101Il,IDC CBOI1 6oM60'IKI'I H3A Y'!3CTKOM llAOW.3Ab<O

35 ra

(350 # 1000 M).

KaCMliX c 6oA&moro pacCTOl!HltSI

TIBO

«DOM6o'IKH" {CIIesa)- n0p3)1(3!0-

Aocnt)l(eHHJI

1lll1e 3/leMCHTbl K3CCCTHOrO opy-

«CTapcrp11K>>- 6p~-tTaHCKaSI peao-

)I(HJI -

6bi8310T pa3Hb1X T111l08.

M1-1Ha

llOC/IC

HB.876

8eCI1T

np~-t3eMIICHHSI

(CIIeaa)

AIOU.HOHHaSI HOB11HK3 8 paKCTHOH

2,5 Kr;

TeXH11Ke (a); BblcrpeAHBaCTCSI CO

np11HI1MaCT

CKOpOcri>IO

4,5

Maxa 11 8 KOHC'l-

BCp'M1KallbHOC ll0/10)1(CHI1C Ha npy-

HOH Cf3AI111 llOJieTa BblllYCK3eT

)1(11HHbiX HO)I(Kax; CaMO)IHH'IT0)1(3-

Tp11 ynpaBM!eMbiX 1133epOM B3pb1B-

eTCSI 'lepe3 onpC,AeAeHHbiH nepHOA

HblX <<Apo'M1K3» C BblCOKOH KHHC"

8peMeHI1, CC/111 ee He llOTpC80)1(3T

TH'leCKOH 3Hepr11ei1; npCAH33H3-

paHee. Pa36paci>183Tet\L JP.

233

'lCH3 AMI apMCHCKOH (HOCHMaSI) H

CaMOIIcre «TOpHaAO» cnoco6eH C6paCb183TL

430 MI1H

BOCHHQ-MOpCKOH 6AH)I(HCH

33 pa3.

B 'lJMI1HCKaSI «KapA03H•• (sec 740 r, A/lltHa 36 CM) C HOCOBbiM

Mo6HAJ>Hble fiOA'bCMHblc

83pb183TetleM-30HAOM npo61183eT

Mbl

8 KJ\aCC <<B03Ayx- B03Ayx».

KYMYMITI18Hb1M 33pl!AOM 6pOHIO TOAU1,11HOi1 AO

TIBQ,

HO MQ)I(CT 6b1Tb 3A31l'M1p0B3H3 H

(b)

nAa$p-

ll0380MIIOT pa3MCU1,3Tb

C/lfAl!1lli1C P3A3Pbl 33 YKPb1THJIMI1 MH a rycr~>~x 11ecax. PS!AOM MO)I(-

15 CM.

6croHo6oi:!Hble 6oenp11nacbl AMI

HO MOHTI1p0B3Tb paKCTHbiC ycra-

8TITI

HOBKI1. CospeMeHHble cHcrCMbl

HMelOT B3pb183Tetlb C 3aM(!A-

AI1TetleM -

HOC080H 33pSIA npo6lt·

BpOAC WBCACKOfO KOMilACKCa C 113-

RB$90

83eT OTBCpCTI1e B 6eTOHHOi1 no-

3CpHb1M H3BCACHHeM

aepXMOCTI1, 33TeM OCHOBHOH 33-

ryT ynpaBM!TbCl! AHctaHU,HOHHO:

PSIA o6pa3yeT KpaTep 11 -rpew,I1Hbl. TiporuaonexoTHble ACHcrByJOT

~~~~~~

Mo-

K3)!(AaSI H3 AByx 3BTOM3'M1'lCCKHX !lyCK08biX ycraH080K C8l!33H3 C

KaK PY'!HaSI rpaHara, HO OH11

KOMaHAHbiMH 11 C/ICAl!Ul,HMH no-

KpynHee H c6pacblsaJOTCSI

CfaMH, pacnOAO)I(CHHbiMI1 B YJ<pb1-

COTHl!MH.

'M111 H3 60IIbWOM paCCJ"Ol!HHH.

293

ATAKA H 3~HTA HA MOPE H113Konenuuwe paKeThJ y)l(e nposJBHnH ce6SI KaK caMoe 3<j)<j)eKTHBHoe HeSinepHOe MOpCKOe opy)l(l1e, 3aCTaBHB BepHyTbCSI K opy)l(ei%HbJM CHCTeMaM 6nw)I(Hero 6oSI, cnoco6HbJM c6wsaTb HX Hall BOnHaMH, n p e)I(Jle 'I eM OHH nopa3SIT LIOpOrOCTOSI JUHe 60eBbl e KOpa6nH . n on BOllOJ% MHHbl H TOpnellbl TaK)I(e LlOCTHrnH YLlHBHTenbHOJ% CnOC06HOCTH 0TbiCKHB3Tb CBOH UenH. ./ / / /

YnpaJIAJieMw e no npoBo,a,aM TopneAbl nOABOAHbiX AOAOK (cnpaaa)

CTO~T H3 B00p}')KCHI111 C KOHIJ.a

1950-x rr.,

•*

npeBOCXOA)I 8 TO'IHOCTI1

3ACKTp11'1CCK11C 11 3K)'CT11'1CCK11C TopnCAbl (eM. crp. HOC ynpaBACHI1C

261).

DpoBOA-

rapaHn~pycr

HC!-

'fYBCTB11TCAbHOCTb K 3ACKTp0HHbiM

nOMCXaM.

1 DOABOAH3JI

AOAK3 3anycKaeT

TOpneAy.

UeAb MCHSICT Kypc.

KoMnbiOTep nOABOAHOi1 AOAK11

A3CT no npOBOAY KOM3HAY TOpne-

•

AC 113MCHI1Tb COOTBCTCTByiOlli,11M o6pa30M TpaeKTOp1110, 'IT06bl nopa311Tb UC:Ab. TSIJKCAall ynpaBAJieMaJI TopnCAa

Mk24 •Tai1rep¢11w• 6p11TaHCKoro BM HcnOA&3ycr Clli,C 11 aKyCTH'IecKoe caMOH3BCACHI1C. P3AHYC ACi1CTBI1ll MOJKCT AOCTHf3Tb

30 KM.

BcliKaJI TopnCAa 11MCCT 6oeroAos-

Ky, B3pb18310lll,yi0Cll (CAC:Ba) AI160

Kopnyca Kopa6AJI (a), Al16o noA

ero KHAeM

(b).

HbiHe w11poKo

np11MC:HliiOTCll K)'MYAJITI18HbiC 6oerOAOBKI1, np0611B310lli,I1C TOACTbli1 KOpnyc SIAC~pHOi1 cy6Map11Hbl.

DpontBOKOpa6eAbuwe paKCTbl

DpOTI1BOKOpa6CAbHaSI paKCTa

BbiACAI1AI1Cb a oco6bli1 KAacc c ua-

«3K30CCT

'laAa

1970-x

rr. H a1160Aee 113Becr-

Ha 113 HI1X «3K30CCT>> (crp.

AM39"

(BHI13y)

a Pwp OTCACJKHsaHI1JI UCA11

260),

P3A110BbiCOTOMep

33pCKOMCHAOB3BW3JI CC6H np11

c KoMn&IOTep KOMaHAHoro H3BCACH11ll

<l>OAKACHA3X 11 8 DepcHACKOM 33-

d c:

TonA11BO Mapweaoro AB11raTCAll

TonAI1BO ycKOp11TCAJI

AI18C. MoJKCT noABCW11B3TbCll K CaMOACTy

(A);

CIO OCH3lli,310TCJI

00Cf0AOBK3

(165 Kr)

6biCTp0XOAJibiC 3T3Kyl0lli,11C cyA3

g PyACBOi1 MCX3HI13M

(8) 19

cpAOTOB; cylli,CCTByeT 6epe-

roooi1 o6opoH11TCJ\bHbli1 aap11aHT

(C),

KOTOpbiM

HIOHll

Donepe'IHOC CC'ICHI1C -

A113MCTp

1982 r.

0,8 M

A,\11H3 4,69 M

6biA nOBpe;KACH 6p11T3HCKI1i1 ~

P3A11YC AC:i1CTBI1JI

70 KM

MI1HCU «fAaMOpraH•; cppaHUY3b1 pa3pa60TaAI1 sepc1110 11 AAll DA.

ANS -

cppaHKo-repMaHCK11i1 npo-

eKT 33MCHbl «3K30CCTa» paKCTOi1 C BTPOC 66AbWI1MI1 P3AI1YCOM ACi1CTBI1JI 11 CKOpOCTbiO nOACTa. nepaall KpynHall paKCTH3ll AY3Ab MCJKAY H3ABOAJibiMI1 KOpa6AJIMI1 11MCA3 MCCTO B DepCHACKOM 3aAI18C

anpeAJI

1988 r.,

KOrA3

aMCp. KOpa6Ab «CTpOCC» nOTOnHA 11paHCKI1i1 cpperaT «CaxaHA».

294

PA3BII/n1E OPY)I(II/R

OppKeituble CHCI'eMbJ 6AH)!(Hero

flywKa HaBOA11TCll aBTOMaTH'Ie-

6oJI (OCEE) npeACTaBAl!IOT B He-

CKI1 (He ~KHTia)!(CM) H CTpCAliCT CO

KOTopoM CMbiCAC B03BpaT K MOp-

CKOpOCTbiO AO 66()() BbiCTp.jMHH

CKOH MHOrOCTBOAI>Hoii aBTOMaTH-

6oenp11TI3CaMH C ypaHOBbiMH H3-

'ICCKOH nywKe (eM. CTp. 205 H

KOHC'IHHKaMH H3 paCCTOJIHHe AO

218)- OCHOBe ITBO Kopa6Al! B

5000 M. OCEE (HH)!(C) 0TCAC)!(I1-

1930-x fOA3X (H Aa)!(e 60ACC paH-

83eT npH6AH)!(CHHC HH3KOAeTll-

HCH- B npu.MeHCHHH npoTHB TOpnCAHbiX KaTCpoB, CM.

crp.

192).

w,ej:j MOpCKOH paKCTbl C nOMoW,biO co6crseHHoro paAapa (a).

TaKTHKa cocrOHT s oTpa)!(eHHH

KpynHOKaAH6epHbie OCEE

aTaKH TIAOTHbiM OfHCM Ha MaAOH

(40 MM 11 6oAec) crpeAl!IOT cHa-

AHCTaHUHH.

pl!AaM11 C 6eCK0HT3KTHbiMH

A.Mep11K3HCK3ll

20-MM OCEE M168 «ByAKaH a-

B3pb1BaTeAl!MH, KOTOpblc CTIOC06-

AaHKC» (CAesa)- 3'1'0 aAanTaUI1ll

Hbl pa3AH'I3Tb UCAb Ha <j>OHC OT-

KOHU3 1970-x rr. «K MOp!O»

CTBOAbHOH 38113U110HHOH nywKH M61 A1 1953 r.

(crp.

193). flo-

6ACCKOB MOpS! H YHH'IT0)!(3Tb CC <j>parMCHT11p083HHOH MOBOH wpanHCAbiO

BOAb<j>pa-

(b).

MeAKo-

sepx opyAI1HHoro KO~a Haxo-

KaAI16CpHb1C OCEE THna «a-

AliTCll PaAaPbl CAC)!(CHI1ll 11 ynpaa-

AaHKCa» nOAaf310TCll H3 «CTCHY

ACHI1ll OrHCM nOA 06TCKaTeACM.

113 CTaAH» ( c).

Jr) )))))))) ))J+J

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\ \ \ \ I I I 11 J .;.._

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(BHH3y) CTaHOBSITCJI BCe 60Aee

aKyCTH'!eCKYIO H

yHHBepcaAI>HbiMH H «YMHbiMH».

CKYIO CI1CTeMy npHBCACHI1SI a

VbroTaBAI183CMbiC C TIS!Tb!O pa:r

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MepaMH 6oerOAOBOK (nOK333H

CTaBACHHOH 33Aa'll1. AHaMeTp

300-Kr B3pH3HT), 6pHT3HCKHe

'!aCTO HC npeBbiWaeT 53 CM,-

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BI1Tb qepe3 TopneAHble annapa-

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fHApOCTaTH'IC-

CSI Ha fAy6HH3X OT 5 AO 200M.

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3 ~zszszszszszs

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(3).

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CAC)!(HBaeT UeAb, H paKeTa HaHo-

700 AHeH C aepTOAeTOB, CaMOAC-

npHMCHSIIOTCll

TOB, HaABOAHbiX KOpa6ACH HAH

M3TCpH3Abl -

noABOAHbiX AOAOK. MopcKHe

~nOKCJtAH3ll

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llAaCTMaCCbl.

HCMeT3AAH'IeCKHe CTeKAOBOAOKHO,

CMOA3 H

fOAOBKa CaMOHaBeAeHJ1ll OT-

Ayxe, c Kopa6All H Aa)!(e c Ha3eM- CHT YAaP B 6oPT HAH caepxy, Horo Tl!fa'la SHe npl!MOH BHAH-

B3pb1Bal!Cb rAy60KO BHyTpH KOp-

MOCTH UeAH. flyCKOBOe ycrpoJ1-

nyca. Alut<e eCAH 6oerOAOBKa HC

CTBO 3axBaTbiBaeT UeAb CBOUM paAapOM

(1).

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B3pb1BaeTCll, KaK 3'1'0 CAY'!HAOCb npH <l>oAKACHAaX C paKeTOH, nopa-

TIOAJ"'HB KOOpAHHaTbl UeAH B

3HBWCH 6pHTaHCKHH 3CMHHCU

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«Illecj:xpHAA»

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(2).

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(2 Mall 1982 r.),

npoAOA)!(aiOW,HH pa60TaTb paKeT-

npo'lb, a paKeTa AeTHT B oT6Aec-

HbiH ABHfaTeAb cnoco6eH Bbi3BaTb

Kax BOAH, MeWaiOW,HX paAapaM

KaTaCTpocpH'ICCKHH TIO)!(ap.

295

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Op~

C'IHTaeTCH

HenpHeMJieMbJM WIH He)l(eJiaTeJibHbJM. THnbi op~, He Bbi3bJBaiOLUero CMepTeJibHOfO HCXO.ll.a, cneUHaJibHO p aJpa6aT bJBaIOTCSI.lJ)1SI C.li.ep)I(I1BaHHH 11 pacceHBaHHSI 6eCHYIOLUei1CSl TOJinbJ 00 opeM.H 6yHTOB H .neMOHCTpaUHi1 WI H .ll.Jl.R TOro, 'lT06bi He .li.OnyCTHTb CKOnJieHHH nOTeHUHaJibHO OnaCHbi X Mace.

Y crpoKcrso H a npaBACHHOH 3 Hcpntn. llia3MeHnoe Aa3cpu oe ycrpoi1crso

(LIPC) nocrpocu o

Ha OCHOBC 11CDOI\1>30BaHHII 1\aJepa I>Jijl C03AaHHJl HanpaBI\CIIHOfO nyqKa H OH I13HpoBaiiUOH Oi\33Mbl, 61\arOAapll KOTOpOMY 11p11MO 'lepe3 B03Ayx DpOXOA11T 91\CKTp11'1eCK11i1 pa3pM. Ta1<oc

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3 «()rpeKaJOm,aJI• rpaRaTa.. PupliUWlCb C CI1J\I>RI)IM rpOXOTOM, 'ITO Bbl3blBaeT HC· nyr, pa36paCblBaeT MMCRbKHC pe311HO. p aHaTa-M a p Kep. BllCTpCA11BaCTc$1 H3

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l1MloCTpau,Hn (cnpasa) JKaeT 3YAYCCKOrO B0\\1Ha.

1 EyAaBbl (15, 16) 2 ToMaraBK (24) 3 KWH)I(3J\bl {27, 28) 4 ToMaraBK (80) 5 KoA'laH AtJI AyKa H crpeA (95) 6 AYKW (97) 7 CTpeAa H HaKOHe'IHHKH (101) 8 Ayxosoe p}')K»e (106)

1 EyAaBa (15) 2 TonopN (22, 24) 3 HapyqHNH HO:>K (28) 4 illomeA (36) 5 Kome Macaea (58) 6 11-susa (78) 7 MeTaTeA&MNH KAWHOK (81) 8 Kome (82) 9 AYK (96) 10 Ap6aAeT (105) 11 MywKeT c np}')KWHH.b!M KypKOBNM 3aMKOM (118)

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317

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1 Tonophl (22) 2 KJ.tH)KaAhl (27) 3 HaKOHeqHJ.tKJ.t 4 AYK (96) 5 HaKoHeqHJ.tKH

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l 3

318

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2 Meqf1 (44-45)

3 Kome (57) 4 A~uumy~t (76) 5 TiyAH AMJ npaw;Jt路 (77) -路

6 llu~yM (82) 7 AYK (95) 8 Ap6aAeT co

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9 PHMcKJtH oHarp (162)

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1 K11H>KaA (33) 2 lllrr"llra (51) 3 flaA"3W (52) 4 TecaK (54) 5 ApeBKOaoe opy>K11e (59-61)

6 Tip)')K11HHI>Ii1 WT'blK (67) 7 BTyA1>'13Tbli1 WTNK (68) 8 T OMaraBK (80) 9 fpaHaTa (84) 10 MywKeT0!-1 (118) 11 MyWKeT (119) 12 Hape3Hoe p)')Kbe (120) 13 TI11CTOI\eTbl (123, 124) 14 AayCTBOJ\I>HblW llYICTOJ\eT (126) 15 l'y>KJ>e 3aAnoaoro orHa (127) 16 ili1CTOI\C11' CO CBI1H'li1BaCM'blM CTBOI\OM (132) 17 l'y>KJ>e <l>epnocoHa (133) 18 MHoro3apl!AHOe p)')KJ>e (136) 19 fpaH3TOMeT (154) 20 McraTeAJ>Hl>li1 cTaKaH (155) 21 TiywKa (169) 22 AerKal! noAKoaaa nywKa

(170) 23 HaKAOHHbiW Aacpcr (172)

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1816-1860 rr.

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1 Ca61\.Sl {53) 2 TecaK (54) 3 Til1Ka {63) 4 lliTbiKI1-TCCaKJ1 ( 68, 70) 5 CTpel\.SIIOW,all Tpocrb (107) 6 KanciOAbHbiW MYWKCT (119) 7 l'y:>K.be EewKepa (120) 8 Hape3Hoii MywKeT (121) 9 KaaaAepl1HCKI1i1 ni1CTOACT {124) 10 «06pa3el.l, 1856 r.» (125) 11 AoyCTBOA.bHoe p)')KbC A:>KeeiKo6a (127) 12 Hape3HOC p)')Kbe J\aHra (128) 13 PeaOAbBep KoAJ>Ta (128) 14 «Tiepe'll-nsua» (129) 15 KapMaHHbiH l111CTOACT {132) 16 Ka3H03ap.l!AHl>IM Kapa6l1H XoMa (133) 17 <<Aeppl1HA:>KCp» lllapnca (135) 18 MHoro3apilAHOe p)')Kbe A:>KeHHI1Hra (136) 19 PeBOAJ>Bep J\e<j:>owe {142) 20 TiywKa «HanOAeOH» (171) 21 PaKCTa Koarp'H:aa (244)

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1 Ho)f( ooyu (33) 2 AparyHCKaH ca6MI (53) 3 TpexrpaHHNM WTNK (69) 4 KacrCT (72) 5 PyqHNe rpaHaTN (84, 86) 6 fAaAKOCTBOA&HNM MywKCT (119) 7 Hape3HOM MYWKeT (121) 8 TiucrOACT Aepp~tliA)f(epa (125) 9 TI.IIT1133p.ll.AHNH MYWKCT (128) 10 Peaot.»sep Kot.I>Ta (128) 11 «KapTC'IHblH» peBOAbBCp (129) 12 Kapa611H lllapnca (133) 13 Tir.tcrot.eT MapcroHa (135) 14 Kapa611H CneHcepa (137) 15 PesoA&sep Ae<Powe (142) 16 TiywKa «Hanot.eoH» (171) 17 «KOAyMfiuada» (172) 18 OpyAI1e, nosopa'111BaiOw,eecl! Ha 6opTOBOM nopyqHe KOpa6MI (173) 19 0caAHoe OPYA'He (174) 20 HapeJHoe opyA'He (175) 21 76,2-MM «ApMcrpoHr» (179) 22 Tiyt.eMCT faTA11Hra (207) 23 3arp3)f(ACHI1.1l (222) 24 HaJeMHal! MI1Ha (230) 25 «TopnCAa» KOHCAepaTOB (232) 26 PaxeTa «Xe»A» (244)

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(U~¢ph1 a cKo6Kax yKaJh!BalOT HOMepa c.rpaH~I.I; C 6oAee ITOA· Hoi1 ~H¢opMau;Mei1.)

1 illTNK-HO)K (33) 2

KOTOp.ble ~CITOA1>3YIOTC.s! AO CHX nop. Bepol!THO, Ha~6oAee aalKHNM TCXHI1'1CCKI1M npOpNBOM 6blll3 MeT3MWICCK3ll fHIIb3a, 0'1'KpbiBWa» nyTb MH0f03apliAH0H B~HTOBKe, OylleMeTy H CKOpOCTpellbHOH no11eBoi1 nywKe. Ha Mope aeK )KeAe3a, napa 11 :;~AeKT

MHoroJap.siAHa.si B~HTOBKa «A~

Mer¢opA»

(138)

13 «KOAbT-M~pOTBOpeU>> (143) 14 CaM03ap~lAHhli1 mtCTOAeT Eop-

pH<~ec.raa

nopOAJ111 «APCAHOyThl» c KpynHOKaiiJ.J6epHNMI1 OPYA11llMH - 3m OrpOMHble KOpa6AJi 6biiiH CTpaTerwteCKHM Opytl<HCM

<l>opMeHHOe XOAOAHOe OpytK~e

(53, 55) 3 TI~Ka (63) 4 illTNK~ (65, 67, 70, 71) 5 K~H)KaA-KaCTeT-n~CTOAeT (72) 6 fpaHaTa (86) 7 TI~croAeT «PeM~HITOH» 1867 r. (132) 8 Pytl<&e «MapTHHM-feHpH>> (133) 9 Apo6oui1K (134) 10 «Aepp~HA*ep» PeMI1HrTOHa (135) 11 «B~H<~ec.rep» 1873 r. (137)

xapATa (146) CaMo3ap.siAHa.si B~HTOBKa «MoHAparoH» (150) 16 KaJH03ap.siAHOe opyAHe (182) 17 fopHoe opyA~e (190) 18 Eeperouoe opyAHe (191) 19 <<flOM-TIOM» (192) 20 CKopocTpeAI>Ha.si Kopa6eAbHa.si nywKa (203) 21 Tiepuble nyAeMeT.bl (206-207) 22 ToprreAa B nycKonoi1 Tpy6e (242) 23 ApT~Mep~i1cKa» paKera (244)

~~~~fi~~~

Ha'laAa XX BCKa. Ho 11X MOfl\11 ACfKO ITOTOITHT'b HOBble C3MQ~ A1HtlKyur,l1eC.si TOpneAN, BNnycKaeMNC C CaMbiX M31\eHbKI1X 1<3TepOB. HA.uocrpau,Jtn (cnpaua) ~3 *YJ>Halla «H3BI1 3HA apM~ J1MIOCTpei1TeA», 1897 r. EpHTaHCKHe COJ\A3Tbl B f.1HAI111 Ha OTAbiXe.

) 61

jt 9

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I 20

I 2JI 327

1-H

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fiNC AOAKH, TQHKH, 38H3li,HR, 3BHa60M6N, OMieMeTbf H XHMH· 'ICCKOC Op}')KHC B BHAC OTpaBAR· 10m;11x ra30B.

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ACHLI 8 ACikTBHC rAy6HHHLIC 6oM6LI, npOTH80T3HKOBNC py· )f{bll 11 3CHHTHLI'e opyAHll.

o6o-

pone KOM6HHaU,HR nyAeMCTOD 11 KOAIO'ICH npOBOAOKH ITpHDCAa K TpaHwei1noi1 (oKonnoi1) uoi1nc, 'ITO 0)1{11811AO MHHOMCTIJl, pyq· HLI'C H BH HTOBO'IHLI'C rpaHaTbf.

p yKorraWHLIX cx8aTKax 8 XOA WAH WTNKH, HO:>KH 11 6yAaDN. ApTHMcpHII np»MCHIIMC&

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313}

n epc'I H CAReT ycrrex11

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1918 r •

•

328

YKA3ATEJ11t1

1 Byt.asa (16) 2 0KOOHbiH KI1H)f(aA (33) 3 Illnara (53) 4 ili1K3 (63) 5 lliTl\lKH (68, 70) 6 KacreT-KI1H)f(aA (72) 7 Py'lHl\le rpaHaTl\l (85, 88) 8 ~&e «MayJep» (139) 9 PesoJU.sep «Be6AI1 MkVI» (144) 10 Dot.yasToMamqecKMe mscroAeTl\l (146-147) 11 BHHTOBKa RSC {150) 12 AsToMaT «BeprMaH MP18/l» (148) 13 B11HTOBO'lHaJJ rpaHaTa {155) 14 KaTanyJU.Ta AMI pyqHl\lX rpaHaT {161) 15 «MI1HeHBep¢ep» {177) 16 ApT11Mep11HCKI1e csapliAl\l (180-181) 17 ilOMBl\le OPYAI1JI {183, 184) 18 Oc<Wil\le opyAI1JI (188-189) 19 fopHOe opyAHe (190) 20 «ilOM-ilOM» (192) 21 3eHJ1THOe opyAI1e (194) 22 TasKs:~ (196)

23 DpoTI1BOTaHKosoe pJ)[(&e «Mapep 1918» (198) 24 Kopa6eA&Hl\le opyAI1JI {203, 204) 25 J\erKJ1e nyAeMeTI>I (212) 26 CpeAHI1e H T.fl)f(eAl\le nyAeMeTl\l (214-215) 27 As11a~I10HHl\le nyAeMeTl\l {219) 28 KoAJO'laJI npOBOAOKa {223) 29 ilOAKOO.bl CO B3pb!B'l3TKO.::i {229) 30 MopcKHe MI1H.bl (232-233) 31 As11a6oM6H {237) 32 ft.y6J1HHa.fl 6oM6a {239) 33 TopneAa (242) 34 33)f(J1raTet.&HaJI 6oM6a {267) 35 XI1M11'lecKoe opJ)[(He (raJ) (268-269)

(U11Q:>pN B CK06Kax yKa3l\lB310T HOMepa crpaHJ1U C 6ot.ee DOAHO.::i J1HQ:>opM3UJ1CH.)

329

2-JI

MHPOBAJI BO~HA

V1cnOAb30B31\0Cb 60AbWI1HCTBO «li0lll1HOK» 1-J1 Ml1p0l!Ol1. B011Hhl (,~<OHC'IHO, 8 001\ee pa3ll11T&IX $opMax), a 3a'reM M11p )')KacHyAcx, YBJAAeB nepnoe npl1MeHeH11e ynpaBJUteMblX 03M11CTl1'lCCKI1X pal<e-r 11 a'l'OMHblX 6oM6 - opy:11\1111, KOTOpOe no cei:t ACH& AoM11H11pye-r B M11p0ll0M UOI\l1T11KC. Bo3AYWH&Ie apM1111 ocaOl:l/\11 CTpaTerwteCK11C 60M03pA11pOllK11, a Ha Mope aB113U.1111 npenpaT11Aa rpOM03,6,KI1e AI1HKOpb! C orpOMHhlMI1 opyA111lM11 B op)')K11e npow.n.oro. ilo'lrn ace TaHKI1 1'enepl. 11MCI\11 OAHO OI?YA11e B UOBOpO"TH011 6awHe. D oaBI11\11Cb cnei.J,I1al\11311ponaHHhle T11UL1 nyl\eMeTOB. 06menp11H$1ThiM11 CTaAI1 noAyanTOMaTwteCKI1e Bl1HTOBKI1. Kap,THHa (cnpaaa) Ael1'l'eHaHTa Vl3H3 VlA11 li306pa)f(aeT BhlCaAKY MopcKoro ACcaaTa Ha C11UI11\1110

a 1943 r. 8M6li.CMbi (Bepx CTp. 315) Ha 60pTaX aMep!iK3HCKHX 6oM6apA11p0B lll.11l<OB.

• 1

I • I

1 4

• 31-

330

YKA3ATEflM

1 K11H)f(3A (33) 2 KyKpu (39)

23 EeJOTI<aTHbTe opyAI'IJI {200) 24 Kopa6et.bHall apT11Mep11ll 3 Meq (no'leTHOe opy)f(11e) He(203- 205) Meu,Koro ACT'I11Ka (55) 25 flyACMCTbl (212-217) 4 JliTLIKI1 ( 65, 67, 70) 26 EopTOBLie nyt.eMCTbl (218) 5 l'yqHLie rpaHaTbl (86- 90) 27 As113TIYACMCTbl (219) 6 flpOTI1BOTaHI<OBLIC rpaHaThl (91) 28 3arp3)f(AeHI'!JI (223) 7 BI1HTOBKI'I 11 Kapa611Hbl (13929 BoM6N 33MCAACHHoro Aei1141) CTBI1JI (226) 30 B3pNsqaTNe sew.ecrsa (228) 8 CHaiinepcKoe op}')f(11e (141) 31 Ha3CMHNe MI1Hbl (230-231) 9 PesohbBCpbl (144) 10 flot.yaBTOM3TI1'ICCKI1C TII1CTQ- 32 MopcK11e MI1HN (233) ACTbl (146-147) 33 AI1BCpC110HH3JI MI1H3 (233) 11 ABTOM3Tbl (148-149) 34 ABI1a6oM61\l (236-237) 12 CaM03ap.!fAHNC BI1HTOBKI1 (ISO) 35 ft.y611HH3ll 6oM6a (239) 13 liJTypMOBNC BI1HTOBKI1 {152) 36 T opnCAa (242) 14 BI1HTOBoqHaJI rpaHaTa (155) 37 <<1\eTaJOW.aJI 6oM6a» Vl (243) 15 MI1HOMCTN (176) 38 «Kanowa» (252) 16 Ap1'11Mep11HCK11e cHapl!Abl (180) 39 ilepBall ynpaBAJJCMaJI 6aM1117 flOACBaJI apT11MCpi1JI (185, CTI1'1CCKa» paKeTa V2 {253) 186) 40 <<oa3yKa>> (254) 18 fopRall apT11MCpW1 {190) 41 OrHCMCT (266) 19 AsTOMa'fl1qecKI1c as11anywK11 42 3a)f(l1f3TCAbH3JI 60M6a (267) 43 ATOMHast (ypaHoBall) 6oM6a (271) (193) 20 3eHI1TRNe OPYAHll {195) (U11<Ppbl B CK06Kax yKa3bJBaiOT 21 T aHK11 {196) 22 flpOTI1BOT3HK0BbiC 0PYA11ll HOMCpa crpaHI'!U, C 60ACC TIOA(198-199) HOJ1 11Hcp0pM31J,l'ICW.)

I_ 16-11

331

B TOPAH noAOBHHA

BEKA

fipaKTit'ICCKit BCC BKAI>l Op}')Kitll, KOrAa-Ait60 lt306pCTCHHHC '!e>AOBCKOM, ltCI!OAl>3YIOTC:II lt CCH路 'laC -

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2000

Cyw.cCTBoBaHltC paKCT c pa3ACA:IIIOW,ltMltC:II KACpHHMit 6oerOAOir J(aMlt HC OTMCHltAO IlaAKI'I lt KaM路 Hit H3 ltMI!pOBH31tpOBaHHOrO apCCHat.a 6YHTOBW,ItKOB. V1HHMH CAOBaMH, BH6op AOCTyflHOrO opy)Klt:ll IIOCTOJIHHO paCWHpllCTCJl, It TO, 'ITO C'lltTaCTCJl yCTapeBWliM c TO'!Kit 3pCHitJl p eryAllpHHX BOOpy)KCHHHX CKA, BIIOAHC MO)KCT HaHTit APyt'WC IIOAb30BaTCACH. fio-

CCMY 9TOT pa3Aet. yxa3aTCA:II AOA)KCH OXBaTHBaTb BCC - OT CaMQro COBCpWCHHOfO It H30W,pcHHQro op}')Kit:ll AO npocrHx AepeBJIHHHX AY61tHOK. Cl>parMeHT (cnpaBa) ceBepoBbCTHaMcKoro IIAaKaTa 60-x rr. fiAa K3T (crp. 333), BHnyw.eHH HH KoMitTCTOM no JlACpHOMY pa30pj')KcHitiO.

213路-~ 3J:~I

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.:rcA 332

YKA3~TEJI/11

1 Ay611HKJ1 (14, 15, 17) 2 Eoenoli HO)I( (33) 3 ffiTbiKJ1 (65, 67, 69, 71)

4 KaCTeT (72) 5 Bet.oc!-1TIWJ<UI

u.em u T. n. (73) 60M.03» (85) 7 l'yqHNe rpaHaTN (86-89) 8 «X14MWICCKI1C» rpaHaTN (90) 9 TipOTIIBOTaHKOBDIC rpaHaTbi (91) 10 C:lMOAetlt.Hiirn ID!CTOI\eT (132) 11 BoenNe Apo6oBl1KI1 (134, 137) 12 Pesol\oBepi>l (145) 13 TioAyaBTOM. lll1CT0AeT.bl (146-147) 14 ABTOM3T.bl «V314» 14 AP· {149) 15 TioAyaBTOM. BHHTOBKI1 (151) 16 AnToMaT.bl AKM l1 AP· (152-153) 17 fpaHaTOMeTl>l (154) 18 BI1HTOllO'Ial>le rpaHaTN (ISS) 19 Be3<m<aTHoe p}"JH. Op}')Kl-1e (156-157) 20 MI1HOM.CTl>l (176-177) 21 TIOACB<UI apTitMep11lt (186-187) 22 fopHall apT~-tMepult (190) 23 AsTOM. nywKH (192, 193) 24 3emtTHNe opyAJ-tll (194-195) 25 TaHKOBl>le nywKl1 (197) 26 DpOTHBOT3HKOlll>lC nymK11 (198) 27 De30TK3TH.b1C OPYAl1ll (200-201) 28 Kopa6eAt.H.ble opyNtll (205) 29 TiyAeMeTI.I (213-217) 30 TaHKOllNe nyAeMCTN (218) 31 AnJ.taU,HOHHt.Ie nyAeMeTN (219)

6 «Vll'OAI.Hall

(Uucpp.bl B CK06Kax yt<33l>!Ba10T HOMepa crpamn.J, C 6oAee llOAHOii 14HcpOpM3l.J,I1CJ1.)

ai~-.~

·-

32 AoaymKl1 (224-226)

MJ.tHl>l »anpallMHHoro AdtCTBl1H (227) 34 B3pt.tB'I. 11e~ecrna {228) 35 BoM.6H Teppop~-tcron (229) 36 Ha3eM.HNe Ml1Ht.l'

(230-231) 37 38 39 40

MopcKl1e M.J.tHN (233) Anu~6oM6N (236-238) TAy6J.tHH.ble 6oM.6N (239) Topnt>.AI>I (242)

PaKeTI>l: 41 TnepAOTOTIAMBHall (245) 42 TipOTHBOT3HKOll<UI (254) 43 3eHJ.tTH3lt (256) 44 BoJA. 6a311POBaHl1lt (258) 45 MopcKoro 6a3l1posaHHlt

(260) 46 .5IAepH<UI (262) 47 48 49 50 51

OrHCM.eT.bl (266) HanaAM.OB.ble 6oM6N (267) XHMJt'leCKJ.te OB (268) V1BKanaCiiT3HTl>l (269) .5IACpHoe Op}')KRC

(270-275) 52 CJtcreMN TIPO (276) 53 BHOAOfJ.tq. Op}')Kl1C (277)

333

XXIBEK Pa3swrne cospeMeHHWt CHCTeM opYJ!<HII HanpaBAeHO H3 TO, 'IT06bl CAeA3Tb KX ew,e 6oAee TO'IHbiMH H B TO )l(e BpeMll CHH3HTb B03MO)I(Hble noTepH co6crseHHblx sol:tcK.

Ta!<

KaK nOA06Hble CHCTeMN CTOIIT O'ICHb

AOporo, Ba)I(HO o6ecne'IHTb so3spaw.eH~-te H3 6a3y CaMOAeTa CT011MOCTbiO B MHMH3pAL1 AOMapon HeBpeA11MbiM nOCI\C 6oenoro BbiAeT3

A paKeTa,

KOTOpal!. CTQ-

11T COTHH TbiOI'I AOMapoB, A0A)I(H3 06R33TeAbHO nop33HTb UCI\h. nosbiWCHHaR 06ecnOKOCHHOCTb o6w,eCTBeHHOCTH BbiCOKOp33BI1TbiX CTp3H B OTHOWeH\111 noTepb -

K3K CPeAH CBOHX CO,\AaT, TaK 11 cpe-

A11 rpa)I(AaHCKOrO H3CeAeH11JI. TeX CTpaH, rAe OHI1 BeAyT 6o.:t, -

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ACHHOMY CAeAOBaHHIO rol:t "'e TCIJAeHU1111. YseAH'ICHI1e '111CAa soopYJ!<cHHbiX KOH<j>AI1KTOB, KOTOpblc HCI\b3fl OTHCCTI-t K pa3p»AY «nOAHOMacurra6HbiX" BOHH 11 B KoTOpblx, C OAHOH CTOpOHbl, yqaCTnyiOT 01\QXO BOOpYJ!<eHHbiC noBCTaHUbl, a c APYrol:t -

COBpCMCHHbiC apM111-t BbiCOKOp33-

BHTbiX CTpaH, npHBOAHT K TOMy, 'ITO BCe '13lUe HCTIOi\h3YeT(jl CaMOAeAbHOe OpYJ!<He,

C. 60AbWOH H306peTaTei\hHOCTbiO H3rOT3BAHBaCMoe H3 i\106biX TIOAPf'llibiX CPeACTB·

IlAaKaT Ha CTeHe (ssepxy) Ae-

CTpaHHo,a H 3 1'33C'l'W (cnpasa)

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C C006lUCHHCM 0 6ecnpeUeACHT-

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He csnaHHbiX Me)KAy co6ol:t no-

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BCT3H'IeCKHX TeppOpHCTH'IecKKX opraHH33UHH.

5 -c•

334

·~=x==~====~

YKA3ATE/1/11

1 Op}?KHe eM BHyrpeHHeii cm (282)

War on America

6e3onacHo-

2 MamHHhl CHA 6e30nacHocnt (283) 3 flOAiill,eUCK<UI OpoHeMaWHHa (283) 4 AucraHD,HOHHO ynpasi\JieMas MamwHa A11J1 OOe3Bp(!)t01B3HI1JI MHH 11 OOMO

(283, 309) 5 lliTI:iiKli (284) 6 IlHCTOAeT (284) 7 «fpynnoaoli nyAeMeT» (284) 8 Ap-rHMepHikKHe CHCTeMhl (286-287) 9 f1pontBOT3HKOBOe Op}?KHe (288-289, 302) 10 EecnHAOTHble AeTaTeAJ.Hhle annapaTbl (290-291, 308-309) 11 PaKeTJ:il BBC (293, 306-307) 12 KacceTHble «OOMObl» (293, 306) 13 flpOTHBOKOpaOeA&Hble paKeTbl (294-295) 14 MopcKUe MHHhl (295, 307) 15 Op}?KeiiHble CHCTeMH 6AUJKHero 6oll (295) 16 Op}?KHe, He Bbl3blBaiOw,ee CMepTeAJy HOrO HCXO,t\3 (296-297) 17 CpeACTBa A11J1 pa3rona AeMoHcrpauHii (296) 18 CpeACTBa AH'lROli 33W.HTbl (296-297)

19 ApMeiicKHH APOOOBUK (298-299) 20 B3phiBHhle ycrpoliCTBa, npHMeHlleMble TeppopHCTaMH-<:MepTHHKaMli (299) 2 1 lliTYpMOBble BHHTOBKH (300-301) 22 CTPeAKoaoe Op}?KHe A11J1 Ali<rnoro cocrasa BCDOMOraTeAJ.H.hiX 110Apa3AeAeHUH

(300-301) 23 YHHBepCaAT>Hblii CaM03ap.IIAHblK llHCTOAeT (301) 24 EpoaerpaHcnopTephl (302) 25 HoBble 6poHe6ol1Hble cpeACTBa (303) 26 3AeKTpOM3fHHTHrul OOM03 (304) 27 1\eraTeAJ.Hble annapaT.bl, C#A3HHble no TeXHOAOfliH «CTeAC» (304) 28 Eoesble BePTOAeTl\l (305) 29 PaKerbl «B03Ayx-B03Ayx» (306-307) 30 YcoaepmeHCTBOBaHHble OO!ll'!Hl\le 6oM 61\l (306) 31 KacceTHiile 6oM6bl (306) 32 T eAeynpasi\JieMble 6oM61\l (307) 33 flAaHHpyiOill,He 60M01\l (307) 34 3 aKAIO'leHH<UI B KancyAy ropne,t\3 (307) 35 CnyTHHKH-WDHOHl\l {308)

w--4(}11••··~ ' 21

335

3HAMEHHTLIE HMEHA H HA3BAHHJI

U enb :noro p aJ.ncna, JattwMatOwero 9 crpaHwu, - .nonon-

«Ancre " "

tti1Tb coe.neHI1n, y)l(c.nattHbiC o rnaoax 1-8. 3.uecb nepe<JI1CJ1C-

H a3 oamte, npJ-tAyMaHuoe A/VI ancrpaAHi1CKoi1 oepc~<~H 6p11TaH-

Hb111MCHa KOHCTpYKTOpOB, 113fOTOBHTeJICH , YllCHbiX, H33B3HI1Sl

CKOro aUTOMaTa «CTCH».

apceHanoo, Jaoo.uoo, KOMMCp'lCCKHX KOMnaHI1H 11 ropo.uoo,

AA.aM CbJ, A,/KoH 11 Po6cpT

KOTOpbiC, MO)I(CT 6biTb, 3HaKOMbi MHOfi1M , KTO Kor.ua -n w6o I1H- AHrAHi1 CKHe opy)f(cHHHKI1, 6paThll, ~<~3oecTHbiC pa3AH'IHbiMH TepecooaJJcn 11CTopwci1 13oi1H 11 ooopy:lKcttHi1. Ec 11 11 oJmb, K

KOHcrpyKUHS!MH pcnoAbncpoa a cepeA11He

np11Mepy, 011 HTOBKY <•C 11 p11 Hr<PHJl.ll», TO Ha CTp. 325 lJII!T3TCJlb

(CM. crp. 129, 142.)

XIX

oeKa.

H3H.llCT p a3MICHC1ii1C, 'ITO 1133133113 OHa no 11MCHI1 ropo.ua B «AACH» aMepuKaiiCKOM wTaTc Macca •Jyce-rc, rne 0 1794- 1968 IT. Haxo- 6pwraHcKalt aoToMaTHqecKaJI aoHaUHOHHaH n ywKa, pa3pa6o.lli1JTCH ApceHan C WA, OCIIOBa HHbiH ewe nepobJM npe3111lCHTOM TaHHa.R o KOHUC 1940-x rr. Ha ocHooe HcMCUKOi1 nywKI1 ape-

3TO ~i crp allbl )],)I(Op)l)I(CM BawHHrTOHOM , 11 no cei1 JlCHb pa6o-

MCH 2-i1 M~<~poooi1 ooi1Hbl; AO CI1X nop npHMCH>teTCH ua IICKO· TOpblx 11crpe611TeMx. Ha3BJHI1C np011CXOAI1T OT nepoblx 6yKo TatOT npcJlnpwsiTun, npo113B01lllWHe crpenKoooe op)')K~Ie ~1 6ocD ENfi ld (-::. A Mecra pa3pa 6 OTKI1: " rmaments eve 1opment» 1e aHnpHnaCbl , BTOM lJ~1CJlC<j>HpMbl <•CM HT- B CCCOH» (<•CM11T3Hll ,1, ) (C ) ' '+'111\A . M. crp. 193 . B CCCOH»). B CK06KaX B KOHUC nyHKTa Jl3Hbl HOMep~ crpamm C A.J\J\eH, iltTall ( 1808_ 18 7 !) H300p3)1(e~meM :>~oro BH!l<l 0 PY~~HI H JlOnOJI HSlfOWCH HJTJlJOCT- K o HcrpyKTop 11 npOH3BOA11TCAb crpeAKoooro Opf)f(11ll AA.R oxo-

paU1110 TCKCTOBOI1 11H<l><>P'13IH1CI1. T aK, Ha CTp. 133 Bbl yowJUtTe Tbl 11 caMoo6opOH bl, )f(I1BW~<~i1 8 aMepHKaHCKOM wTaTe MaccaKapa611 11 «Cn p~111r(p11111l»' MOJlCJlb 1873 f .. a H3 CTp. 139 - 3Ha- 'IYCCTC. ii13BCCTCH n pC11MfW,CCTBCHHO CBOI1Ml1 peBOAbBCp3M11·

MCHI1TYIO BHHTODKY (\1 01lCJ1b 1903 f .).

«ncpC'IHI1UaMI1" . (CM. crp. 129.) AMa KyHH flepBbiW .Stn0HCKI1H Opf)f(CWHI1K-I-:y3HCU, l1MH KOTOpOrO coxpaIH1A0Cb AO H3WI1X AliCW. ilt3BCCTH3 ero ACliTCAbHOCTb 8 npo811HU1111 51MaTo OKOI\O 70 I r. H.3. AHAp ea epapa

n p aBHAbHCC -

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MH01'11C Apynte M3CTepa, T3K K3K OHO CT3AO C11HOHI1MOM Bbl· COKOrO Ka'ICCTBa. (CM. CTp. 49.) ApHC3K3 ViMeHeM OOI\KOBHI1Ka HapHaKe Ap11caKa 113 ToKHHCKoro

Ap-

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(C.\o\.

crp. 141.)

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11 AR18. (CM. crp. 153.)

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336

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Hoi1 'laeTI1, np11MCH~8weroe~ 8 apn1Mep11i1eKHX opyA11HX.

«lipayH Eecc»

(CM. crp. 175, 179, 191.)

Heocp11U113AbHOe Hai1MCHOBaHI1e pa3HblX MOACAei1 6p11TaH-

E e-.::iKep, VI3HKHAb (yMep s 1836 r.)

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J\OHAOHeK11J1 Opy)KCHHI1K, np011380AI1BWI1i1 OXOTHH'IbC, o6o-

enopoa. {CM. eTp. 69, 119.)

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XV1II

11 Ha'la/\3 XIX aeKOB.

p0~111TCI\bHOC 11 6oesoe opy)K11e. Hat-t6oAee H3BeCTeH KaK KOH-

S p ayH, BepHep <PoH (1912-1977)

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HeMCUKI1H 11H)KeHep, npoliB11BWI1i1 ce6ll so ncex acneKTax pa-

T3HeKOJ1 apM11CJ1,- p~b51 6ei1Kepa. (CM. eTp. 120.)

KeTOCTpocH11ll, eHa'laAa B fepMaHI111, fAC OH 6bll\ 0AHI1M 113

«E eprMaH»

eo3AaTeAei1 paKeTbl V2 («<Day-2»). DoeAe 2-11 M11ponoi1 BOHHbi

<<TeoAOP EeprMaH BacjxpeH6ay» -

6b!BWaH HeMeUKa51 KOMna- BbiBe3eH a CWA, rAe craA pyKOBOA11Tel\eM nporpa,\<\Mhi e03Aa-

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HI151 6aMI1eTI1'1CeKOfO opy1KI1ll Al\ll 3MCp11KaHCKOH apM1111 11

np11MeHHIOT K a8TOMaTy MP18/ 1, npOH3BOAHBWeMye.n 3TOH

paKeT-HOCI1TCI\CH AMI OCBOCHI1ll KOeMI1'lCCKOf0 npOCTpaHeTBa,

cP11pMOi1. (CM. eTp. 148.)

B TOM 'li1Ci\e <<l0011TCp» (11eOOI\b30BaAaeb AMI 3anyeKa nepBblX

GepAaH, Xai1peM (yMep 8 1893 r.)

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<<E epeTra»

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E yp>Kya, MapeH Ae (oKOAO 1550-1634)

crp. 131, 133, 174.)

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Mbl. (CM. ni1CTOI\eT Ha eTp. 125.)

AnaHTlOpHcr 113 aMep11KaHeKoro wnTa KeHTyKK11, 'lbl1 DOABI1rl1 np11HCel\11 nonyMipHOCTb 601\blllOMy (AA11H3 20-30 eM)

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<<KapA BaAbTep BacpcpeHcpa6p11K» -

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«A;I<ei1Me» 11 yTBep)I{AaeTe51, 'ITO pOA11Ae51 OH B 1796 r., 6bii\ Te-

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xaeeKI1M peBOAIOU,110HHb!M AJ1ACpOM, a HaCTOSilli,I1M C03A3TC-

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113 KOTOpbiX np0113BOA11Te51 11 cerOAHSI. {CM. eTp. 143, 144.)

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crp.

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337

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AMep11K3HCK11H ¢H3HK, n11ouep paKeTOcrpoeH11Jl, pOAHACSI,

1882). (CM. crp. 138.)

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«8HKKepc,.

MaccaqyceTc. {CM. crp. 246.)

Ep11TaHCKall KoMnaH11ll, JaHliTall npo11JBOACTBOM, KpoMe oce-

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VIJ

87 TbiCll'l nyACMeTOB, H3fOTOBJ\CHHbiX 80 <l>p311U1111

(CM. crp. 196.)

DO opei\\ll 1-i:t M11p0BOH BOHHbl, 47 TbiCll'l -

oc 8J.ttfq Ccrep•

(CM. crp. 212, 214.)

CHCTCMbl f O'IKI-!Ca.

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811H'fCCTCpOM ( 181 0-1880) .... AO CI1X nop npOU.BeTaeT. n oA ero

w.ei:t ero ~-tMll. (CM. WTbiK u a crp. 70.)

r.,

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fp~-t 60BaAb, >K.aH-03THCT BaKeTT AC ( 1715- 1789)

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(CM. crp. 13 1, 137.)

apT~-tl\/lep s-t~-t , OTBeTCTBC HHbiH 33 n OAHbiH n epeCMOTp ee Opra-

BH oMe Ae A,!oK, 3)f(eH-3MMaHI03Ah ( 18 14-1879)

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crp. 165,

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f e HpH, EeHA)I{aMHH Tai1Aep ( 1821-1898)

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XIX

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338

np11MCHlleTCll AO C11X nop. (CM. crp. 178.)

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:>KeHeBeKa.s! KOMnaHM.!I «CoebeTe AHOH11M CJOvtCC l1enaHoCJOY13a» AOAroe apeM.s! 6bJAa OAH11M 113 AByx KpynHei:twY~x

(CM. crp. 125, 135.)

npOY!380AI'ITCACH 3BTOM3Tl1'lCCKI1X nyweK (eM. TaK)!(C «3pAl1-

~CHK06, ~OH, fCHepaA-MaHOp (1812-1858)

KOH»). B 1972 r. KOMnaHHH <<3pAMKOH» Kynl1Aa KOHT-

Ep11TaHeKI1i1 oqmu.ep B 11HAI1i1eKoi1 apMMI1, pa3pa6oTaaw11i1 a poAhHbJH naKeT aKu~-ti1 «V1enaHo-CJOH3bi>•. (CM. eTp. 192.) 1840-1850-x rr. HeeKOAbKO MOACAei1 py)f(ei1 "' eHapHAOB K HMM (nyAb). KaneJOAbHOi1 Hape3Hoi1 AByeTBOAKoi1 ~ei1Ko6a 6biAM KaAamHHKOB, M11xa11A TI1Mocj:>eeBI1'l (pOA. B 1919 r.) KOrAa-To aoopj')KCHbJ ueAbJX ABa 6aTaAbOHa 11HA11i1eKoi1 nexo- fepoi1 Cou,11aAI1CTI-1'ICCKOro TpyAa, AaypeaT HCCKOAbKI-1X coaeTThl, a eei:tqae Ja Hei1 OXOT.s!Te.s! KOMCKUI-10HCpb1. (CM. eTp. 127.) CKI-1X npCMI1H 1-1 06AaA3TCAb MCAaAI-1 «3a OTBary» BO 2-i:t M1-1p0<~CHMC ITepACH»

aoi1 aoi1He, pa3pa60T'l11K AK-47 («aBTOMaT KaAaWHI-1KOBa o6-

06'beAI-1HCHI-1e A0HA0HCK11X Opf)f(CHHI-1KOB, OCHOB3HHOC ~CH- pa3u,a 1947 f.»), K HaCTOHUJ,CMY BpCMCHI-1, BCp05ITHO, eaMOfO MCOM ITepAeeM a XIX aeKe, "' HbJHe e'li-1TaeTe51 OAHI-1M 1-13 Hal1-

MHOfO'll1eAeHHoro crpeAKoaoro op}"A<I1H a 11crop1111. OH TaK-

6oAee nepeAOBbiX np01-13BOA1-1TCACH OXOTHI-1'lbi1X pf)f(CH.

)f(C eOJAaA eep!-110 nyAeMCTOB nK («nyi\eMeT KaAaWHI1KOBa>>).

•<AAHHHbJH MaKe»

(CM. eTp. 153, 216.)

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B11UC-aAMHpaAa MaKCa Porre, KOTOpl>ri1 OTBC'laA 3a MX Ha3<::M-

XVII

aeKe MHOro3apHAHbJe pJ0KbH. KoMeKUI10Hepl>l Ha3bJBa-

HOe pa3aepTbJBaHHe. «Kai13ep BMJ\l>fCAbM» (eM. eTp. 189) O'lCHb JOT 11x KOHcrpyKUI-110 ••CI1eTeMoi1 KaAhTXocj:>¢». (CM. eTp. 111, HanOMI1Hai\ •<.Ai\MHHoro MaKea».

136.)

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KapKaHO, M.

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l1TaAb51HCKMi1 npaBMTCAbeTBCHHbJH 'li1HOBHI1K, }"lacraoaaa-

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(CM. crp. 67, 141.)

)f(CHHbiX eyAOB 1-11 M1-1poaoi1 BOHHbJ. (CM. crp. 165, 202-204.) Apei1Je, V1oraHH H11KOAac cj:>oH (1787-1867)

«KapA-fycras» KoMMep'leCKOe Ha3BaHHe T5I)f(CAOro 6e30TKaTHoro rpaHaTOMe-

I1pyeeKI1i1 opf)f(ei1HI1K, OAHO apeM.s! pa6o-raaumi1 e ITayi\11 (c.\1.). Ta AM crpeAb6bi c fii\C'la, npOH3BOAI-1MOro wneAeKoi1 KOMnaOH pa3pa60TaA KOJKTf'YKLJ.HIO pf)J(bll e U.Mi\MHAPI1'leeKI1M 3aTno- H~-tei1 «<DopeHaAe <Da6pHKeaepKeH». B Hacro5IUJ,ee apCM.s! coeTopoM 11 3aOai\bHOH l-1fAOH. C T3KI1M Opj')KMCM I1pyee11.11 OACp)f(aAa 11T Ha BOOpf)f(CHI111 no MCHbWCH Mepe 11 apMHi1. (CM. ,\1HO)f(CCTBO no6eA MC)f(AY 1841 11 1870 rr. (CM. crp. 132.)

crp. 157.)

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0AHO l13 Ha3BaHMH aMCp11KaHCKOf0 <<AJ\11HH0f0», 1'11\11 «nCHCI1AbBaHeKOfO», p)"A<b.!l

XVIII

11 Ha'laAa XIX aeKoa. CaMoe pae-

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npoeTpaHCHHOe 113 Tpex Ha3BaHI1H, OHO 6hli\O Y1 eaMbiM 6e3-

weee51 Ha aoeHHbJX eTpeAKOB. KpeMHeBbJe pf)J(b51 n apM1151x

Koi\be PeBOAbBep, KOTOpbiH 3anaTeHTOB3i\ B 1818 r. V1Aai1wa Xei1AOH

repMaHCKl1X rocyAapeTB KOHUa

XVIII

aeKa 11MCHOBaAI1eb

0CHOBaTCAbHblM. (CM. crp. 120.)

<<erepeKl1Ml1». (CM. crp. 120.)

KoAbe 113 EocroHa, wTaT Maeeaqyee-re, MMeA KpeMHeBhli1 3a-

)I(HpaHAOHl1, EapTOAOMeo (1744-1799)

AByx aap~-taHTax. (CM. crp. 129.)

MOK, 3ap51)f(aAe.ll e AYAa 11 113fOTaBAI1BaAC51 no MCHbWCH MCpe B V13o6peTaTCAb MHOf03ap51AH0fO ilHCBMaTWiCeKOfO pf)J(b.ll, HQ- KOAbT, C3MI03A (1814-1862) ei1BWCf0 ero J'iM.s! 11 np11MCH.s!BWCfOe51 aBeTPl1HeKI1Ml1 eHai1ne- AMep~-tKaHeKMi1 KOHeTpyKTOp eTpeAKOBoro opf)f(11H 11 nl1oHep COBpCMCHHOfO MaeeOBOfO npOH3BOAeTBa, l13BCeTHbiH npe11MypaMJ'i. 3To CA11HCTBCHHoe nHeBMaTI1'leeKoe py)f(be, KOTopoe 11COOAb30BaAOeb KaK 6oeaoe. (CM. crp.

i07.)

UJ,CCTBCHHO CBOI1M11 ACWCBbiM11 11 HJAC)f(HbiMM peBOAb8CpaMl1.

339

KoMnaHHJ~, KOTopyiO OH oeHOBaA a 1836 r., npOAOA)I(3eT Bbl-

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nyeKaTb MHOfJ.1e Bb1Aep)K38WJ.1C Henb1T3HJ.1e BpeMCHCM MOAe-

<DpaHU.YJCKHH KOHCTpyKTop, npoeA38H8WHHeSI npCHMYW.C-

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CTBCHHO CBOHM pf)KbCM e LI,J.1AHHApW!eeKJ1M 33TBOpOM {eM.

129, 137, 142, 143, 144, 145, 147, 214.} KoMHHau,u.o

crp. 139): 3TO 6b1AO nepooe 6oeooe MHoroJapSIAHOe pf"A<be e HenOAbJOBaHHeM 6e3AbiMHoro nopoxa. V1Mjl «Ae6eAb» npHMC-

3naMCtiHTOe HTaAbSineKoe eeMei1cTao H3roT08HTeAei1 opyA11H-

HSIAH 11 K penOAb8epHOMy naTpO!iy. (CM. crp. 144.}

HbiX CTBOAOB, pa6oTaBWI1X 8 ropOAC 6peWJ.13 11 ero OKpCCTHQ- • Ae MaT» CTSIX e KOHU.a

XVI

aeKa.

PenoAbnep, H3roTOBJUIBWHHCSI n CWA, AHrAI111 11 <DpaHU.I111 n

KoHrpHB, C3p BHAJ>SIM {1772-1828) 1850-x 11 1860-x rr., HaJnaHHbiH no HMCHI1 H306pe-raTeJUI, 6p11T3HCKHH 11306pe-raTCAb 6oe8biX paKeT, wHpOKO npHMCHR8- A;A<. A. <D. Ae Man. (CM. crp. 129.) W11XCSI a

XlX

neKe KaK pa3HOBJ.1AHOCTb apTl1AACpHH. PaKeTbl

Ae<Pow e

eaMbiX paJHbiX pa3Mepon, HOCHW.He ero J.1Mjl, eoCTORAH Ha no- <DpaHu.peKHC opf)KCHII11KH

XIX

neKa, OTeu. 11 CbiH. A8TOpb1

opy-A<CJiHH 6pHTaHcKoi1, aMepHKaHCKoi1 11 HHAHi1eKoi1 apM11H.

wT11cjYronoro naTpo11a (eM. crp. Ill, 112, 130) H YA3'111biX Ka3-

(CM. CTp. 244.}

H03apRAHbiX Ap060BI1K3 11 pCBOAbBepa. (CM. crp. 142.}

KopAHT AH,A:A<ei1Mc 03pHc { 183 1-1904} Pa3HOBI1AHOeTb MeT3TCAbiiOro nopoxa, pa3pa6oTaHHaJI 8 Aur- KoHcrpyKTOp crpcAKOnoro opy)KI1H, woTAaHAeu. no np011CAI111 8 1891 r. 11 AO e11x nop W11pOKO np11MCHSICMaSI B 6ocnp11- xo)KAeHHIO, pa6oTa8wl1i1 npc11Myw.ecraeHHO 8 CWA 11 Kauanaeax AJUI crpeAKonoro opy)KHR H apTHMep11H. OH cocroHT 113 AC. V13necreH 113o6peTCIIHeM Kopo6qaToro Mara311Ha 11 uc~111TporA11U.Cp11Ha, nHpOKCI1AI1Ha 11 MI1HCp3AbHoro )KeAc-nAac-

eKOAbK11X KOHcrpyKU.HH U.11A11HApHqeeKoro 33TBopa. (CM. TaK-

THq)J.1K3Topa, no cpopMe J.1 crpyKType HanOMHH3eT eblpble Ma- )KC «AH-3Hcp11AA• 11 «/\11-MeTcpOpA• .) KapOHbl-cnarCTTJ1. (CM. crp. 112.) KopOAeB, Ceprei1 n anAOBHq {1906-1966)

«A H-MCTtl>opA" n ep83jl MH0f033PJIAH3jl 811HTOBKa, Bblnyw.eHHaJI AJUI 6pHT. ap-

fAa8HbiH KOHcrpyKTop, C03A3TCAb nepBbiX eOBeTCKI1X 6aM11e-

MJ.1J.1 B 1888 r.; HMCA3 U.HAJ.111ApHqeeKHH 33TB0p J.1 KOpo6qaTbiH

TH'ICeKHX paKeT, HOCHTCAei1 RACpHoro noopy)KeHHSI. H a Hx

MaraJHH /\11 H eHCTCMY 11ape3oa Me-r<l>opAJ. (CM. crp. 138.)

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«A H-8HcpJ1AA>t

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OCyW.CCTBAeH nepBbiH nHAOTHpyeMbiH flOAeT qeA08CK3 (ocpH-

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u.ep COBeTCKHX BBC

IO.

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XVII

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crp. 136.) Abe>K

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(KOMfiAeKT ACT3Aei1}.

(CM. crp. 200.}

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A MOH<:, Ai13eK HbiOTOH (1858-1931) AMepHKaHeKHi1 opy-A<ei1HbiH KOHCTpYJ<TOp, l13BCCTHbiH npeHMy-

HeMeU.KHH eeMCHHbli1 KOHU.CpH, npOH3BOAJ!W.Hi1 Opf)KHC,

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MH APYTHMH apM11RMH.

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BOHHC, KOTOpbiH B 1920-x rr. paTOBaA 33 nOCTpOCHJ.1C o6opo-

../\axTH»

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340

Y KA3ATEJIIII

MaKCHM, XaACOH

(1853-1927)

«MapTHHH·feHpH»

6paT I-13BCCTHOfO l-1306peTaTCA51 nyACMeTa (eM. HI-11KC), CaM HJo6pcraTeAb. X11MHK. B B3pb1B'I3TKY, 8

1893

1889

BI-1HTOBKa 6p!-1TaHCKOH apM1-1H, np1-1HRTaH Ha soopy-n<eH!1e n

r. noA}"'HA nepBhiH naTeHT Ha

f. COJAaA qmpMy <<MaKeHM raHnayACp».

1871

r.; CO'IeTaAa 3aTBop KOHCTPYKUHH <DpHAp11xa cpoH MapT11·

Hl-1 11 CI1CTCMY Hape30B A.AeKCaHApa feHpH. (CM. crp.

131, 133.)

(1264- 1343)

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Mac aMYHe

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(1869-1936)

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(1840-1916)

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1915

f. KaK <<MHMC-60M6» 11 AO

(CM. TaiOI<e crp.

CHX nop HCIT0Ab3YCMOH 8 HCKOTOpbl X apM11SIX. (CM. crp.

MaHAHxep,

MHHhC, l<AOA-3TbCH

88.)

(1804-1879) 1849

flAOAOBI-1ThiH ascrpHi1cKI-1H KOHCTPYKTop crpeAKonoro opy-

OcpHuep cppaHuy3CKOH apM11H , l13o6peA B

JKI1ll, JanoMHHBW11HCSI npeJKAe 8eero C80ei1 BHHT08Koi1 c U.H·

crpeAb'13TfiO KOHCTPYKU.11IO rryAH, KOTopaS! c Tex nop HOCI-1T

AI-1HAPH'lecKI-1M JaT8opoM. (CM. cTp. MaHTOH, ,AJKoJecp

139.)

r. U.HA11HApo-

ero 11Mj!. 0Ha 3Ha'IHTCAhHO YA}"'WI1Aa AaAhH06oi1HOCTh M TO'!·

(1760-1835)

Hocn AYAbHOJapliAHoro crpeAKoaoro opYJKHR 1-1 noBAI-1S!Aa Ha

CaM.bii1 3HaMeHI1Thli1 aHrAI1HCKI1i1 opYJKCHHI1K cnoero 8peMe-

soeHHYIO T aKTHKy. (CM. crp.

Hl-1, 11306peT3TCAb HCCKOAbKMX ycosepWCHCTBOB3HHH OXOTHH·

Mo6e:>K

111. 121.)

'!hero op}"A<I1ll. Ero 6paT AIKoH TOJKe 6hiA xopowo 1138eCTHhlM <DpaHU.Y3CKHi1 ropoA HCITOA3ACJ..]' OT rpaHI1Uhl c 13eAbrHei1, fAC

1704

«MaHX3'17CH >>, npOCKT ( «MaHX3TTCHCKHH npOCKT»)

cppaHU.YJCKOfO npaBI1TCAbCTB3.

KoAonoe Ha3BaHl1C nAaHa BoeHHOro AenapTclMCHTa CWA no

MOAOTOB

pa3B11TI1IO cyneps3phiB'laTKH c HCITOAh30BaHHeM McpHoro ACAe-

MoAOTOB (BR'ICCAan M11xai1AOBI1'l CKpl!611H) 6biA n rOAbi

Hl1j!. n pa8l1TC/\hCTBCHH3j! HayqHo-npOMbiWACHH3j! nporpaMMa

Ml1p0BOH BOHHbl npeACCAaTCACM, a 3aTCM 3aMCCTl1TCACM OpeA-

6biA3 npl1Hl!Ta 3AMHH11crpau11ei1 <D.

Py3BeAbTa 8

1942

r. 06'b-

1830 rr.

MaCTepOM.

pacnOA3f3ACll fA3BHbiH OpyJKCHHbiH 3aBOA

(1890-1986)

2-11

ceAaTeJ\51 Coscra Ml1H11CTpos CCCP. Ha383HI1e «KOKTCHAh

CA11Hl1J\a s paMKax 80eHHOro <<11HJKeHepHoro OKpyra MaHX3T· MoAOTona» '!aCTo np11MeHl!JOT K 11MnpoBH3l1po8aHHhlM JaJKl1· TCH» noA pfKOBOACTBOM cpl1311Ka ,AJK. Po6epTa OnneHrei1Mepa raTeAbHblM 6oM6aM c HCnOAb30naHl1eM He¢'fenpOAYKT08 n

(1904- 1967)

l1 reHepaAa AecAl1 Pl1'1apAa f poysca

(1896-1970)

CTCIWIHHOH 6yTbiAKC. (CM. crp.

266.)

orpoMHhle Ha}"'Hbie, npol1J80ACTBCHHhie, MaTepl1aAbHhle 11

MoHHTOp

cpl1HaHC08hiC pecypcbl. OcHOBHhie pa6oTbl 6biAI1 npoAeAaHhl

Teneph 3TOT TepMl1H craJ\l1 npl1MeHS!Th K ueAOMY KAaccy 6po-

8 11CCACAOBaTCAbCKl1X UCHTpax, paCTIOAafaBWI1XC.II 8 rOp0A3X

HCHOCHblX KOpa6AeH e He60AbWOH OCaAKOH, a npOl1CX0Al1T

0K-PI1AIK, wTaT TeHHCCCH (wTa6-KnapT11pa npoeKTa), XaH-

O.H OT Ha3BaHI1SI KOHKpeTHOro cyAHa, M1epHKaHCKoro nAOC·

cpopA, WTaT BaWl1HITOH (33B0Abl no npOl13BOACTBy llAyTQ-

KOAOHHOfO OAH06aWCHHOf0 KOpa6A51 <<MOHl1TOp», KOTOpbl.::i

Hl1S!), Aoe-AAaMoc, wTaT HhiO-MeKCl1KO (TaM JKe noA pfKOBOA· epaJKaAel! Ha cropoHe cesepS!H so speMj! fpaJKAaHCKO.::i BOHHbi CTBOM 3AsapAa TCMep a K

195 1 r .

6b1Al1 peweHbi OeH08Hbi e

npo6AeMhl C03A3Hl1$l aMep11KaHeKoi1 BOAOpOAHOH 6oM6b1), a TaiOI<e B lfl1KarcKOM YHHBepC11TeTe. B

8 CWA.

1862

B 6yxTe

X 3MITTOH-PoyAe, wTaT BHpmHl1ll,

MapTa

r. npo1130WeJ\ MopeKoi1 6oi1 (l13BCCTHbli1 KaK X3MITTOH·

IU•I. K cesepo-3aiT3AY OT CK11H) MCJKAY HI-1M 11 «MeppHMaKOM» (3TO 3aTOHyBwl1i1 nepCA

ropOAa AJ\aMOfOpAO, WTaT HbiO-MeKCl1KO,

l110A51

1945

TCM cpperaT cesep.IIH, ll0AH.I!TbH1 l1 BOCCTaHOBACHHblH IOJKaHa·

6biAO npOBCACHO ycneWHOe HCITbiT3Hl1e nepBOH 3TOMHOi1

Ml1 ITOA HOBblM 1-iMCHCM «Bl1pAJKl1HI1ll»). l!eTblpCX'13COBOe cpa-

6oM6bJ, eoJAaHHoi1 no npoeKry <<MaHX3TTeH». B KOHue KOH·

JKeH~e He npl1HeeAo yenexa Hl1 OAHOH l13 cropoH, HO o6e

UOB 3TOT npOeKT npHBCA K ITp11MCHCHI110 AByx 3TOMHbiX

06'b.IIBI1A~ ee6l! no6CAHTCAAMI1. 3TO 6biAO nepBOC B 11CT0p~11

6oM6 npOTHB 5lnOH11l1

asrycra

1945

f. (CM. crp .

271.)

CTOAKHOBCH~C 6pOHCHOCUCB (BOCHHbiX KOpa6ACH C MeTaMH·

341

'leCKOH 06W11BKOH), a B006w,e «M OHI1TOp» -

nepaoe 811HTQ-

80C 80CHHOC CYAHO C )f{CAC3HbiMI1 6opT3MI1. (CM. CTp. 174.) MocHH, Cepre.:t V:laaHOBI1'1 (1849-1902) PyccKHH noAKOBH11K. CoaMecmo c 6eAbrl111u,eM M. HaraHoM

AaeTeJI, 'ITO 11MeHHO OH 11306peA Hape3HOH CTBO/\ apntMep11HeKOrO opyAHH). OpyAHJI eHCTCMbl TI3ppoTa (1860-e rr.) OTAI1'laAI1Cb TCM, 'ITO 11Mel\11 K083HHOe )!(eAe3HOe yei11\11TCI\bHOe KO/\b1..1,0 80Kpyr K33eHHOH '13CI"I1 OT/\11TOf0 CI"B0/\3. (CM. crp. 175.)

pa3pa60T3A «TpeXAI1HeHKy». 3Ta 811HT08Ka C 1..1,111\11HAp11'iC·

Teop1110 :noro crroco6a yci1ACHI1» (cKpenAeH11l!) craoAOB pa3-

CKI1M JaTaopoM 11CrrOAb30BaAacb 8 Pocc111-1 c 189 J r. 11 AO c11x

pa6oTaA npocpeeeop ApntMep1111cKol1 aK3ACMI111 a CaHKT-IleTep6ypre A. B. faAOAI1H.

nop np11MeHHeTCH B HCKOTOpblX crpaHax. (CM. crp. 140.) «H a n oAeOH»

P3AOM 12-¢YJITOBaJI l101\CBa51 rrywKa, KOTOpa51 npoCA3B11A3Cb B fpa)f{AaH· HbiHe u.eHTP BOCBOACTBa B IlOAbwe K 10ry OT BapwaBbi. B o6CKOH 80HHe a CiliA 1861-1865 rr. Pa3pa6araHa 80 <DpaHU,I11-1 11 Aacrl1 opy)f{11l! 11M» 3T0f0 ropOAa 1138CCTHO 6AarOA3pl! TepM11·

III. (CM. crp. 171.)

HY «p3AOMCK11H May3ep», KOTOpbiM H33biB310T HCKOTOpbie

H o6eA.b , AAbcf>peA 6epHxapA (1833-1896) lli8eACKI-1H XI1MI-1K, >K118W11H OAHO 8peM» 8 Pocc1111, pa3pa6o-

BI1HT08KI1 repM3HCKOfO o6pa3U,3, np011380A11BWHCCl! T3M. «PapACH»

Taawl1i1 HCCKOAbKO 83)!(HbiX TI1110B 6p1-133HTHhlX 11 MeTaTel\b· Hblx B3pb1B'laTbiX aew.ecra (eM. eTp. 111, 112, 165). OH TaK)f{e

CoapeMeHHaSI 6p11TaHCKa» aBTOMaTwleeKaJI nywKa, KOTopoi1

yqpeAI1A 3HaMeHI1Tble Ho6eAeBCKI-1e npeMI111.

OT li3'13i\bHbiX 6yK8 11CCI\CAOB3Te/\bCKOfO U,CHTpa, fAe OH3

Ha3BaHa a '!eCTb 11MrrepaTopa HanoAeOHa

ocHaw,aiOTCSI MHor11e 6poHeMaW11Hbi. Ha3B3HI1e npo11ex0A11T

HoK, feHp11 ( 1741-1804) 6biJ\3 pa3pa60T3Ha (RARDE), 11 MCCTa, fAC OHa 113f0T3B/\118aAHrA11HCKI1H np0113BOA11TCAb opy)!(I1H 11 HOBaTop. OH H3roTa8- crel!,- ENfield (3HcP11J\A). (CM. crp. 197.) «PeMHHITOH» AI1B31\ MHOf033pHAHble p~bH e OCrpOyMHbiMI1 MCX3HH3MaMI1, BbleOKOKa'lecrseHHOe 0XOTHI1'1be

0p~11e,

AHA M3CCOBOe npOH380ACTBO BOCHHOfO TOB K HeMy. (CM. eTp. 127.)

AMep. KOHu,epH no rrpo113BOAcrBy orHecrpCAbHoro op~11S1, 11 KOMITOHeH- oeHOBaHHbiH 3AI1cPaAeTOM PeM11HITOHOM n 1816 r. Hb!He 3TO

a TaK)!(e HaAa-

op~HH

Ha38aHI1e np11MCHHIOT KO MHOfi1M yAa'IHbiM o6pa3u,aM op~11JI

HopAen¢eAbA, TopcreH (1842-1920) WaeACKI-lH npeAnp11HHMaTeAb, 3aOOMH11BW11Hell MHOro-

:no.:! KOMnaHI111. (CM. crp. 133, 135, 143.) He eAeAYeT rryTaTb

craOAbHbiM nyAeMeTOM C pyqHbiM npi-IBOAOM, KOTOpOMY OH

eHa6)f{aDlllero eeaepS!H op~11eM 80 speM» fpa)f{AaHeKo.:i 80HHbl (np0113B0AcrB0 800p~CH11H npOA0/\)1{11/\ ero CbiH <D11AO, 3a-

COACHCT80BaA 8 pa3BHTI111 11 KOTOpbiH HOCI-IT ero l-IM». (CM.

113o6pcraTCAH 11 npoMbllllACHHI1Ka

:3.

PeMHHITOHa ( 1793-1861),

crp. 207.) B HeKOTOpblx 11CTO'IHI1Kax 3Ta cPaMI-IAI-Ill nHwcrc» «HOp#HcpeAbT» 11 yTBep)f{AaeTCll, 'ITO OH - 3Hri\11HCK11H cpa6-

HI1M3BWI1HCSI T3K)!(C BbiiTyCKOM eC/\beKOX03S!HcrBCHHbiX opyA11H,

pHK3HT, eoaMecrHO e KOTOpbiM X. C. MaKei1M (eM.) a 1888 r. OeHOBaA B fepM3HI111 3380A eKOpOCTpCAbHblX rrywcK.

poM <DpCAep11KOM PeM11HITOHOM (1861-1909). PH nOAh

.. n apa6eMyM »

fopOA B eeaepo-BOCTO'IHOH V:lenaHI111, 3HaMeHI1TbiH caoeo6pa3HbiM CTpeAKOBbiM Op~11CM, 11p0113BOA11BW11MC5! T3M C

wnel1HbiX 11 n11wyw.11X MaWI1HoK), c XYAO)!(HI1KOM 1-1 CKyAbiTTo-

KOHU.a XVI 8eKa AO 1839 r. - 8 3TOM fOAY ropOA 6biA pa3pyHI-1U.110Hccpa6p1-1K». 3TO H3383HI-1C T3K)!(C np11MCH.SJAOeb K l111e- weH. (CM. eTp. 123.) TOAC'J"Y /\10repa 1-1 K 11111pOKO p acnpocrpaHCHHOMy 9-MM l13TPocc, e3p T.fapA3 (1872-1942)

TeAerpacj)HbiH no3b18HOH ¢11pMb1 «Ao.:i'le BacpcpeH- YHA My-

pOHy. (CM. crp. 147.) ITayAH, !ltoxaHHee CaMy3Ab (1766-oKOAO 1820)

KOHCTpyKTOp cep1111 811HTOBOK e U.11AHHAp11'1eCKI1M 33T80pOM

1113o6pcraTeAb YHI1TapHoro naTpoHa e aoenAaMCH11TCI\eM u,eHT-

1-11

«C rrpS!MOH TllfOH», HOCliUJ,I1X ero I-IMH. 0HH 11p1-1MCHSIAI1eb B M11p080H 80HHe KaHaACKoi1 apMHei1.

paAbHoro rnrra (JanareHT08aH a 1812 r.), mae.:iu.apeu. no npo11eXO)!(AeHI110. 3To,- naTpoH 11MCI\ A080i\bHO orpaH!-I'ICHHbiH ycnex fA3BHbiM o6pa30M

OXOTHI1KOB, HO CTaA rrpeATeqeJ1 eoapeMeH-

HbiX 6oerrp11naCOB K crpCAKOBOMY Op}"A<I-110. (CM. crp. 111, 130.)

Ce~e H

fopOA Ha IOfO-DOCI"OKe <DpaHU,I111, e KOHU,a

XVI

BCKa 6b1A u,eli-

TpOM cppaHU.Y3CKOH op~eHHOH npOMhlWAeHHOCTI1.

I lCAep cen , ~-A. CMHT, fopau11J1 (1808-1893), 11 B eccon , A3HI-1CI\ (1825-1906) Vcrpo.:icrao, KOTopoe npCAAO)!(!-IA 3TOT aMep11KaHeKI-1H 11306pe- OH~-1 OCHOBaAH a 1857 r. KOMnaHI110, BAaAeawyro naTeHTOM TaTeAb, 11peACT3BJ\JIAO eo6oJ1 3A30Tep, npeapaw,aBWI1H 8!-IH-

Ha J-1ACIO K33H033p.SJ.AH0f0 peBO/\bBCpa, 6b1AI1 rrpaKTI1'1CCKI1 MQ-

TOBKy «Cnp1-1Hfcp11/\A» B 3BTOM3T. XOTSI B 1918 r. 6b1AO Bblny-

HOOOAI-1CI"aMI1 AO 1869 r., 11 AO CI-IX nop 3Ta cj)11pMa 3HaMCH11T3

UJ,CHO MHO)f{eCI"BO T3KI-1X 3A311TCpOB, Hl-1 OA11H 113 HI1X HC 6biA 11eiTOAb30B3H Ha npaKTI1Ke.

Ha BCeb M11p CB011MI1 pe80/\bBCpaM1-1. (CM. crp. 142, 143, 145.) «Cn aJiAep »

ITfKAe, ~e.:!Me (1667-1724)

BI-IHTOBKa (a eeAI1 TO'!Hee - KOHcrpyKu,I1SI JaTaopHoro Mexa-

EpHTaHeKI1H 11306peTaTCJ\b, npeAAO)f{I18WHH CKopocrpCAbHOe

HHJMa), cnpoeh.'liipoaaHHaSI aMep11KaHu,eM ~ei1Ko6oM

op~11e, KOTopoe ycraHaBAHBaAOCb Ha CTaHKe 11 11HOfA3 paeCMaT- CHa.:!AepoM 8 1864 r. 0Ha HCITOi\b30BaAaeb 6p11TaHeKoi1 ap-

p11BaeTCSI K3K paHH.SJ.SI Bepe11S! ITyAeMeTa. 0HO 6biAO 33l13TeHTOB3· Ml1eH B nep110A rrepeXOA3 OT AYAhH033p$1.AHOfO K K33H03apS!.AHO 8 1718 r., HO HCAOAfO l10i\b30BaAOCb ycrrexOM. (CM. crp. 207.) IT3ppOT, Po6epT ITapKep (1804-1877)

HOMY CTpCAKOBOMy 0p~1110. (CM. crp. 131, 133.) Cnen cep , Kpl1crocpep M.

AMepJ.1KaHeKHH H3o6pcraTeAb l1 npoMbiWACHHI1K (a HeKOTo-

AMepl1KaHeu, 3anaTeHTosaswiii1 B 1860 r. yAa'IH)'IO KOHcr-

pblx l1CTO'IHJ1Kax 3Ta cpaMl1AI1SI nHweTeH «IT3ppOTT» 11 fTsep)!(- pyKU.l110 MHoro3apS!AHOro p}')KI>S!. (CM. crp. 137.)

342

Y KA3ATEfllt1

CnpHH r<l>KM

npOAOI\IK3CT 113fOT3BI\11B3Tb B J\OHAOHC ¢opMCHHOC (napaA-

AMep11KaHCKI1i1 ropoA B wTaTe MaccaqyceTc, TaM c 1777 r.

HOC) XOI\OAHOC Opj"A<I1C 11 6p11TllCHHbiC 113ACI\11ll.

paCDOI\3f31\Cll OA11H 113 Kpyn!ieHWHX Op~eHHbiX 33BOAOB

YHTHH , 31\11 (1763-1 826)

npaBI1TCI\bCTBa CWA, s 1794-1968 rr. HaXOAYlACll ApceHaA

AMep11KaHCKI1H 11306peTaTet.h, MexaHI1K 11 npeAI1pHHI1MaTCAb. B

CWA, OCHOB<lHHhiH ~. Bawi1HrTOHOM, 11 no cei1 ACHb pa-

1793 11AI1 1794 r. 11306pet. 11 33ll3TCHTOBaA XAOllK00'll1CTI1TCA.bH}'lO

6oTaiOT npCADp11HTHll, np0113BOAlJUJ,I1e CTpeAKOBOe Op~11C 11

MaWI1H)'. B 1798 r. np11 noMepJKKe To~v~aca ~e¢<PepcoHa, 6yAy-

6oenp11ll3Cbl. 0o 11MCH11 ropOAa H3383Hbl pa31\11'1HbiC M0ACAI1 w,ero TPCTbero npe311ACHTa CWA, 3aKJ\l0'111A KOHTpaKT c npas11-

10 TbiCHlf

MywKeTOB 11 Af\51 11X np0113BOA-

BI1HTOBOK, 113fOTOB/\51BWHXC51 TaM . (CM. crp. 133, 139.)

Tet.bCTBOM H3 llOCTaBK}'

« CTCH »

CTBa BllCpBbiC B M11pe opraHI-130831\

113fOTOBI\CH~e

B3311M03aMCHlle-

.6p11TaHCKI1i1 asToMaT npeMeH 2-i1 M11posoi1 aoi1Hhl. Ha3B3HI1e MblX KOMllOHCHTOB (ACTaAei1) BMeCTO 11HAI1B11AY31\bHOf0 113fOTOB· COCT3BAC!i0 113 H3'131\bHblX 6yKB ¢aMI11\11H KOHCTpyKTOpOB:

I\CHI1JI Ka)I(Aoro MywKCTa. Pa6o'lero 6biCTpO o6y<~aAI1 TpYA~ThCH

Sheppard (WennapA) + Turpin (Tepn11H)- 11 MecTa H3rOTOB·

TOI\bKO H3A OAHOH AeTalU>IO. TCM CaMhiM V11TH11 C03A3A np11H~I1n

I\CHI1H: ENfield (3H¢111\A).

(C\1.

KOHBei1epHoro npo113BOACTBa. B 1900 r. 6biA 1136paH a <<faAepeiO

CTp. 148.)

CI\3Bhl BCAI1KHX aMCp11K3H~CB» (HaU110H31\bH}'lO fMCpeiO CI\3Bbt)

<<CTepAHHJ"'>> HaxoA,nw,l1i10r HhiHe Ha soop)"A<CHI111 6p11TaHcKoi1 apM1111 as-

KaK OA1111 113 CaMblX 3aMC'I<lTCI\bHblx 11306pcraTet.ei1 crpaHbl. B o6-

TOMaT 11H0fA3 H33b!B310T <<CTept.11HfOM», 1160 pa3pa60T31\3

I\3CTI1 OfHCCTpet.bHOfO Op~HH 33ll0MHI1ACH TaKIKC CBOCH KOHCT-

ero KOMnaH11ll <<CTept.11Hr ApMaMeHT».

pyK~11Ci1 peBOI\bBepa.

C ToKc, c3p V111\¢peA

Cll •<Vlt.aH» 11 yK<l3biB310TCH fOAbl /Kl13Hl1 )765-1825.)

Kasat.ep opACHa .6p11TaHCKOi1 HMnep1111 2-i1 creneHI1. 0Komlbli1

YoMHC, 6apHc (1887-1979)

MI1HOMCT, 11306pcreHHbiH 11M B 1915 r., 6b!J\ npCATC'ICH COBpe-

Ep11T3HCK11i1 11HJKeHep 11 113o6peTaTet.b, asTop HCCKOI\bKI1X pe-

MCHHOfO MI1HOMCT3 601\CC 3H3KOMOH ¢opMbl

(CM.

CTp. 176),

HCKOTOpbiX 11CTO'IHI1K3X ero l1tvUI n11WeT·

BO.I\IOU110HHbiX pa3pa6oToK

o6t.acTH an11aU1111.

c¢epe opy-

IK\151 OH t.y<~we scero 3ai10MHI1ACSI cnoei1 <<nphtral0mei1 6oM-

npCAcrasMA co6oi1 npoCTyiO Tpy6y c ABYHOroi1 noAnopKoi1.

1943 r. AM YHI1'ITOIKCHI1SI HeMeUK11X

«CTOyH e p »

6oi1·•, np11MCHHBwei1c51

C11creMa YHI1¢H~11posaHHblX y31\0B, 113 KOTOpbiX MOIKHO co-

A3M6, ni\OTI1H, MOAOB 11 HHbiX f\1Ap0TCXHI1'1CCKI1X COOpyiKC·

6paTb HCCKOI\bKO B3p113HTOB CTpCI\KOBOfO opy/K11ll AM pewe-

Hl1i1, a TaKJKe fl1f3HTCKI1MI1 6oM6aMI1 <<TOAI\·DOM » 11 <<bOI\b·

H\1$1 pa31\11'1HhiX 60CBhiX 33A3'1. (CM. CTp. 209, 216.) 0Ha H3·

woi1 WI\CM ». (CM. CTp. 236, 237.)

3BaHa no 11MCHI1 KOHcrpyKTopa I0AJKI1Ha CToynepa, KOTO· p1>1i1 6hii\ TaKJKe asTopOM BHHTOBKI1 «ApMaAai11·, AR 15 ( eM.) Cyttb-LI,Jbl, 111\11 CyHb

y (Vl-V

<J>e prlOCOH, 0aTp11K, M3HOp ( 1744-1780) Spl1TaHCKI1i1 o¢11~ep, np11H11M3BWl1i1 y<~aCTl1e s AMepl1KaHcKoi1

BB. AO H.3.)

ABTOp, B03M0)1(H0, n epBOfO TpaKTaTa 0 BOCHHOM 11CKyCCTllC.

pesot.IO~~~"' (Boi1He 3a Hc3aBI1C11MOCTb). HeKOTopoe spetvUJ OH

Tapp

Ml1 c Bl1HTOBb!M 3aTBopoM, HOCHW.I1Ml1 ero 11•\15!. (CM. crp. 133.)

KOMaHAOilat. oTpHAOM, soopj"A<eHHhiM /\oHAOHCKI1i1 Tapp Ha npoTH)I(CHl111 BCKOB

6hlf,

rt.aBHbiM 6p11-

Ka3H03apHAHbiM~I

PJ"A<bH-

o p cai1T, AAeKC3HAP ~OH (1768-1843)

TaHCKI1M apceHaAOM. Oo3TOMY CAOBO «Tapp» («Tower») noHBAA- illoTt.aHACKI1H npecni1TCp11aHCK11i1 CB51W.CHH11K, pa3pa6oTancrCH Ha MHOrl1x o6pa3~x crpet.Konoro op]"A<l1JI XVllll1

XIX

se-

w11i1 nepshli1 ycnewHbiH YA3pHbii1 3anat. (oK. 1805 r.). BpeM51

KOB, KOTOphle C0611paA11Cb TaM, 11 Ha ACWCBblX l1X 11MHTaU1151X.

ll0ATBCpA111\0, 'ITO 3TO IH06pcrelii1C -

TOI\CAO

waros s 11CTop1111 op~11H . (CM. crp.

3HaMCHI1Ta51 <.131\h 11 MC'II1 113 Toi\CAO

(CM.

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• npOTI1803i\CKTp11'lCCK<UI• 304 I\33CpHblM H38CACHI1CM 238, 307 TB-ynpaaAlleMble (c 3AC'-'TpOHHO-<>nTI1'leCKHM 113BCACHI1CM) 238, 307 31\CI\'TpOMJrHHTli<UI 304 $1ACpHb1C 270-275 00p11e0 (KaA~IMJIITaH), AyxOBbiC PY)I{bll 106 MC'tH 40 Tonop 25 6opxapAT3 OHCTOI\CT 146 6oy1-1, f,.)KHM 335 KI\HHOK 26 110)1{ 33 «oocpopc BILL», npOTHBO.I\IIIKQBaA paKeT3 288-289 • 6ocJ>opc M70•, KOHTei1Hep 259 • Doq>Opc•, opyAHR 194, 205 «6ocpopc», cpHpMa 337 «op.nojne.:io-ApM», paKCT.l 258 6pJ11AWTOK 59 • 6paucyi1KM, pylKbe 121, 337 «6p.1YJi 6ecc•, MytuKCT 68-69, 11 9, 337 6payH, Bepucp cpoH 337 6pay1111Hr. f,.)Kou 147, 337 J811anyAeMeT M2 219 .tOI1anyACMCT Mk2 219 MOW,Hhli1 n~CTOI\CT 146 nepBbiW 011CTOi\eT, MOACI\b 1900 r. 146 nyACMCT Ml917 200, 215 nyAeMeT M2/M3 208, 21 1, 291 • Sp.•ynHHr-KoAbT•, nyAeMCT 214 • bpCAa• 337 bpHKC 54 6pHO 218, 337, 344 6poHe6oi1nhle nyAI1 208 6poHeOOWHbiC CllapliAbl 156, 199, 202,204,288-289,302,303 6pOHC60HHbiC CpCACTBa 303 6p011CM3WI1HJ «1\CHA-Poaep XoTcnyp r ycap• 283 Dp0HeTp3HCnOpTCp 302 bp01130Bb1W BCK M80pOH11H Ki\108~ 20 K11H)f(3Abl 31 KOflbll 83 MeqH 44 Tonopbl 22-23 opOHHpOB3HHbiC 60CBbiC M3WI1Hbl 196-197,2 18, 286-289 6poHJJ, aKTI1BH<UI 288 «6p3AJ\I1», 6oeaall MamwHa 287 6TP-80, 6poHCTpaHcnopTep 302 oyl\3abl 14-19 6yi\3Bbl ITOAB11lKHOH KOHCTpyKUHH 17 6yMepaHrl1 74, 76, 79 C

Aflct>AB/IfTHb/111 YKA3ATE/Ib

6ypiK)'3, M 3peH 11e 337 6yn, H HK0113C 125, 337 • oywM3CTep• 227 6xy~ 25 • O hi'IH~ R3hiK• 58 03KOH, PoAit<ep 165

B 83BHIIOHCKH~ Me'l 35 • 8333•, Kop3611L 173 83KH33WH 41-43 «831\bTCp• 337 3BTOM3T MPL 149 nHCTOIIeT P38 146 DHCTOIIeT PPK 146 BapwaacKHH Aoroaop, IIACpHoc op}')l<11e OpraH1133UHH (OBA) 275 BaTepAOO, 6HTBa npH (1815 r.) 165, 170, 324 Baxal:iKa IS «Be611H• 337 peaoAbaep MkVl 144 • Be611H..(J)oc6epH•, peBOIIbBep 143 BeAHKo6pHT3HHII, 3BTOM3TH'ICCKHe nyWKH 192-193, 197 3BTOM3T •CT<~II· Mk2 148 6oM6hl 237, 293 6}'11<1Bbl 19 BHHTOBK11 H p}')l<bll 120-121, 127-128, 131, 133, 138-140, 280 r3y6HUhl 184-185, 187, 188, 190, 286 rAy6HIIIIbiC 6oM6bl 239 rp3H3TOMeTJTCIIbllbiH CTaKaH ISS rpaHaTbl 85-88, 90-91, I 55 AY61111 Ka apMcHCKall I 5 33)KHf3TCIILHbiC 6oM6bl 266-267 KHH)K311bl 31, 33 Kopa6eALHble opyAHII 202-204 MC'IH H HIIOC XOIIOAIIOC opy)KHC 46-55 MOpCKHC MI1Hbl 232-233 MYWKeThl 119, 121 OHCTOIIeTbl 123-126, 135, 146 DOIIHUC~CKQe Op)"A<HC H M3· WHHbl 282-283 npOTHBOT3HKOB3R MHH3 230 npornaOTaHKOBhle opyAHR 198, 201 nyiiCMeTbl 212-215, 217-219 peBOIIbBCpbl 129, 142-144 XHMH'ICCKOC Op}')I<11C 268-269 WTbiKI1 65-66, 68-7 1, 284 RACpHOC Op}')I<11C 275 BeHrp11R, 6yAaBhl 18

KOOCHW.HK 57 TOnop 22-23 • 8CHCpHH3 MyxOIIOBK3» 224 BeHeuHaHCKHH ABopeu AO)KCH 62 BepTOIIeThl 193, 219, 278-279, 290-291 •BeCTIIH-PH<13pAC• 132, 337 •BeTTepiiH•, py-A<J.e 138, 338 83pb1B'I3ThiC BCW.CCTB3 K3K 33001\HHTCI\H nyllh 208 K3K «C3MOCTOIITCI\bHOC» Opy· II\11C 226-229, 282 MeT3TCI\bHhiC 108, 111-113, 164-165, 200, 206, 227 H3DOIIHCHI1C CH3p11AOB (6pH33HTHb1C) 167, 174, 199, 202, 228 XI1MW!CCKI1C 228 IIACPHhiC 270-271 83pb1B RACpHhiH 270-273 B3phiBHhle ycrpoi1craa, HMnpo· BH311pOB3HHbiC 303 B~-t6oprcKHH II)'K 96 BI1KHHfH. MC'Il1 46 Tonop 24 • BHKKCpC• 338 nyAeMeT Mk1 215 ny11eMeT Mk2 219 ny11eMeT Mk3 218 ny11eMeT MkV 218 caMOXOAH311 ray611ua AS90 286 «8Ht-.'TOpHR•, 3Hf11HHCK11~ Kopa611b 173, 202 BHIITOBKI1 l1 H3pC3H biC p}')l<bl! 109, Il l , 113, 117, 120-121 MHOf033pRAHbiC 131, 136-141 C3M033p11AHhiC 150-151 COBpCMCHHbiC 280, 284 c UHIIHHAPH'ICCKHM 33TBOpOM 136, 138-141 WTypMOBbiC 150-153 BI1HTOBO'lHhiC rpaHaTbl ISS •BHH'ICCTep• 131, 136-137, 338 MOACIIb 1873 r. 137 8HOMC IIC AIOK 104, 161, 163, 338 B~-tpychl 277 BHTBOPT, c3p All\o3e¢ 338 p)"A<bC 121 BHYTPCHHJUI 6CJon3CHOCTb 282-283 Bo63H, cppaHUyJCKl1H Mapw311 165, 172 BoAOpOAHaJI 6oM6a 209, 271 BoAI!HaR nywK3 283 803AywHo-pe3KTl1BHbiH ABI1f3· TCI\b 234, 241, 243 BoiiOKOHHo-onrnqecKoe ynp3BIICHI1C paKeTOH 288 «BOII'lbl1 RMbl» 222

•BopOHI1H KIIIOB• 20-21 · BopoHbl1 Aanbl• 222 BopoT 104, 163 BTopall M11pOB3JI aol:iHa 330-331 8Tyllb'l3Tb1C WThiKH 64, 68-69, 326 •By11K3H•, Kapa6HH 137, 338 • 8y11K3H», CHCTeMa YKII3AKH MHH C BOJAyxa 290 ByMepa 76, 83 Bb1BOAIIW.HC H3 crpo11 aew.ecraa (HHK303CHT3HTb1) 268-269 8beTH3M, 3BTOM3T K-SOM 149 rpaHaT3 88 rp3H3T0MeT 154 AP060ili1KI1 134, 137 IIOByLUKH 224-225 opyAI1C 190

6yAaBbl 18 6yi\3Bbl DOABH)KHOH KOH· CTp}'KUHH 17 rpaHaThl 85, 87-9 I Ay6HHK3 17 3arp3)1{ACHI1JI 223 K l1 HJK31\

KOnbR 63 •AeT3JOW.aJI 6oM63• 243 MC'IH 11 I-IHOC XO/\OAHOC opy)KI1C 46, 48-50, 55 MHHOMeT 177 H33CMHbiC MI1Hhl 230-23 1 OHCTOIIeTbl 122-123, 126, 132, 146-147 npOTHBOT3HKOBOC Op}')I<HC 198-199 nyiiCMeTbl 209, 214, 216-217 paKeThl 252-253, 255 poraTHHa 58 p}')l<bll, K3p3611Hbl, 811HTOBKI1 fa30BbiC CHti"CMbl nepe3api!)K3· 117, 120, 138-139, 141, 150, HHH 152, 285 811JJTOBOK I so T3HKOBOC opyA11C 196 nyiiCMeTOB 211 TOnOpbl 24 fa30Bhle cHapRAhl H rpauaThl 84, WTbiKI-I 70-71 90, 155, 269, 282-283, 286-287 .. repcr311b• 300, 301 • faAHII ARM•, aaTOMaT 153 f epu3, por 233 •f3/\0W3• {• f 3110W•), npOTI1Bo- fl133pl\'lbl 56, 61-62 paKeTH.ul CHCTCM3 276 fi-!TACp 229 faALwTaTcKaR KYALTyp3 11\CAeJf113A11yc 45, 54 Horo aeKa 31, 44 f 113AKOCTBO/\bH3R 3pTI-tMCp1111 164, 168-174 • f aue¢•, paKeTa 257 dpAa-p3KoaHua 1 fA3AKOCTBO/\bHOC p}"'HOC OrHeCTpCIIbHOC Op)"A<HC 109, 112, ·fapnyH», p.!KeTbl 254-255, 260 116-119 f aT.\HHr, PH'I3PA 338 nyiiCMCTbl 207, 209, 219 fii3AKOCTBO/\blibiC T3HKOBbiC nyLUKJ 193 nyWK11 197 f.1y611Ubl 164, 166, 168, 171 f IICBI1H 56, 62 6oenp~-tnatbl AI\R HHX 180 fAOKCHCOH, HHK0113C 11 6 )KCJ\C3110A0p0)KH biC 189 fAy6HHHbiC 6oM6bl 239 OCMIIbiC 188 IIACpHbiC 239, 261, 275 f11yw11TCI\b )40, \48,341 001\CBbiC 171, 184-187 C3MOX0AHbiC 186-187 • foa .., paKCTa 257, 260 fay CHII re 73 foAA3pA, Po6cpT 246, 338 ,.f el:iHcpyll.., paKeTa 257 fOJib6CHH 32-33 «fCKKOH», paKeT3 257 fon1111Tbl 44, 57 fe11p11, 6cHAit<3MHH 338 fopH3JI ray6HU3 MIA! 190 p}')KbC 137 fopHbiC opyAHJI 190 fcHp11X V 47 fO'IKHC, OCHAit<3MI1H 338 feHp11x VIII 63, 97, 165 ny11eMeThl 212, 214 fepiiHX 199, 338 fp3, 6a3Mb 338 fepM3HHII, UITbiK AAJ1 811HTOBKI1 70 aaHanyAeMeT 219 fpa)I{A3HCK3JI BOHH3 8 ClllA 3BTOM3Tbl 148-149 Ill, 158, 165, 326 ap6311eT 105 fp3H3TOMeThl 154, 284 apT11MCpl1HCKl1C 6oenp~-tnachl fpaHaThl 84-91, 155, 161, 266, 180 282, 296 «fpeiiA», paKeTa 256-257 apT11MCpHJI 184-185, 187-189, 195, 200 fpeuHJI, ApenHJ!ll 319 6eJfl111b30BbiC naTpOHbl 285 fp116KH 277 6c30TK3THOC Op}')I<HC 157, 200 fp1-160B311b, )KaH-oaTI-ICT BaKCTT 6oM6hl 237, 267 # 165, 171, 338

357

fp"HHep, B14AI>liM 338 •fpynnoaoi:i nyAeMeT» (nyAeMeT OTAel\eH14J!) 211, 284 fypKXH 39 fycraa II AAoA&cP 50, 58-59, 165 fycraa BaJa 49 •f36p"HeA», paKcra 260 •f3MMOH•, paKeT3 257 f3paHA, A;i<OH 338 BHHTOBKa 150

opyA"HJI 165, 194-195, 205, 295 cPYJeTIO 28 paKeT~ 252, 25~257, 275, 293 «'lei\OBeKoynpaBI\JleMaJI TOpCHapliAY 181, 194 nw• 233 314C-3, 76,2-MM opyAI-IC 186 WTbiK 67 301\"HHreH 49, 51, 339 3oHa nonaAaHI-IJI (nopaJKeH~-tK) 179, 208 KaaaAep~-~J~ 57, 64-65 n"HK~-t 63 n~-tCTOI\eTY 122-125 V1Jpa14AI>, XOI\OAHOC Op}')l<~-te 52-53 3BTOM3TY 149, }53 KaaKaJ, raJOMeT 282 KHHJK31\ 28 Aai:iwo 41-43 TnAA 291 MC'I 37 «V1Kapa», paKeTa 261 AaHHll, wawKa 37 Kapa6~-tH 138 Ka JeMaT 191 «V1J\14J!•, M"HHa 232 KHH)I(31\ 27 «i-1Hrp3M, MOAel\b 1h, 3BTOMaT KaJHOJapJ!AHoe crpei\Koaoe opyAYK 96 149 )I(J4C 108, 130-131 MHOf03apliAHOC p}')l<be 136 1-iUACHU.bl (aMepHKaHCKHC) 317 KaJHOJapliAHble HaKOHC'IH"HKI-I CTpeA } 0} · ErepcKoe• p}')l<be 120, 339 6yAaBY 16 apntMepHHCKHe 6oenp~-tnacbl Hape3HOH MYWKeT 120 Ernner, ApeBH"HH 318 Kon&e 16 180, 193, 199,280,286-288 npOTa3aH 58-59 6yAaBY 19 AYK"H 97, 98 MHOfOCTBOI\bHbiC p}')l<bll 134 nyACMeT 212 KpCMIICBbiH HO)I( 35 n~-tKa 57 opyA"HJI 158, 164-165, 178-179, TOnOpbl 22-24 AYK 96 1-iHAHll 316 182-205,28~287,295 XOI\OAHOC opy-A<"HC 46, 51-52 MeT3TCI\bliaJI AY614HK3 78 MpaH (Ayp~-tcran) 318 nHCTOI\eTY 130, 132, 135, WTYK 70 HaKOHC'IHHK KOnbll 83 H3KOHC'IHHK CTp~ 10} 14~147 HaKOHC'IHHK CTpCAY 10} Aao 40 TOnOpY 22-23 peBOI\bBepbl 142-145 Aayp}"'HbiC MC'I"H 42, 48 npaw.a H nyAH AI\Jl uee 77 1-ipaHo-HpaKCKaJI aoi:iua Ill, KaAaWHHKOB, MHxaHA Ill , 339 AayCTBOI\bHbiC p}')l<bll 134 TOnOpbl 22-23 165, 291 3BTOM3T AK-47 65, 67, 71, AayxcryneH'laToro ACHCTBKll pe- EJaM 117 V1 pAa HAHJI, 152-153 801\J.BCpY 129 raJoau rpaHaTa 90 3BTOM3T AKM 153 )K Ae SaH)I( 338 «Hf01\bH3ll 60M63" 85 nyAeMeT nK 216 CHCTeM3 ynAOTHCHHll 33T80p3 )l(eAe3HOAOp0)1(HbiC opyAHll 174, MeTaHHC K3MHCH 74-75 KaAH6p 113, 180 178, 180 188-189 H3KOHC'IHI-IKH CTpeA 101 KaAwsep 117 )l(eAe3HbiH BeK, Ae J\"HCI\14, Kapa6wn 140 o6e3BpelK14BaH"He 6oM6 283 Ku&TX<><ixt>, neTep 111, 136, KHH>K31\ 31 nwCTOI\eT 132 AerTllpes, BacMwH 339 337 nyACMeT AJlM 213 MC'IH 44-45 WI-IMCI\3 14, 342 KaMa llp~-t 20 nyAeMeT AlllK 214-215 Tonop 22-23 vtcnaHHJI, KaMeHHbiH aeK 318 nyAeMeT PnA 213 )I(HpaHAOH"H, SapTOI\OMeo 337 ApeBKOBOe Op}')I<HC 61, 62 KaMnHAaH 40 AepsHw 36, 58 nHe8M3TI-I'ICCKOC p}"'A<bC 107 KHHJK~ 32, 33 KanKaHbl Ha <Jei\OBeKa 225 Aepp~-tHAlKep, feHpH 339 MC'IH H HHOe XOAOAIIOC Opy· Kapa6wH/n"HCTOI\eT 125 DHCTOAeT 125 )I(HC 45, 47, 50, 54 Kapa6HHbl 109,117,121,133, «Aepp14HAlKCp•, nHCTOAeTbl 135 3arp3AHTCI\bHbiH a3pOCTaT 223 H3KOHC'IHHK nHKI-I 63 137, 140-141 33)1(HfaTeAbHbiC A;f<aM6Hll 26, 30 new,epHYH pHcyHOK 96 WTYKH 67-08, 70 A;i<eHK06, A;Kou, reHepu6oM6bl 23~237, 26~267 nHKa 58 KapA 28 M3HOp 339 aew.ecraa 266 WTbiKH 66, 69, 70 KapKano, M. 67, 339 p}')l<bC 127 rpauaTbl 84, 90, 155 «!-1Cnauo-CIOH3a» 192, 339 MOACI\b 91/24 141 A;Kel:iMc,A;KeccH 143 nyAH 208 • V1TaKa•, MOAeAb A, nHCTOI\eT • KapA·fycras• 157, 337 A;f<eHHHHra p~ 136 3unosoe opy-A<He 127, 207, 252, 134 KapMaHHble nHCTOAeTbl 64, 125, A;i<HTTeH 73 278,286 V1 TaA1-tJl, 132, 135 •<A>i<OHCOH M4 1», nyAeMeT 213 3unoobli1 oroH& 119 6oeable MOI\OTbl 21 WTbiK 64 AHoepcHOHHaJI M"HHa 232-233 3aMCAACHHOfO ACi1CTBHll 6oM6Y 6yAaBbl 18 KappoH 339 •A~-tKap&•, Ap060BHK 137 226,229 BHHTOBKa 141 KappoHaAa 173, 339 AHCTaHU.HOHHOe Op}')I<I-IC 303 3aD31\bHbiC CHCTeMY 114-115 ray6~-tu.a (ropHu) 190 KapTen 167 «AA\HHHbiH MaKe» 339 3apliAHbiC o6oi1Mbl 140 rpauaTa 86 KacKapa 36 «AI\HHHbiH TOM• 185 3aceKa 222 APCBKOBOC Op}')I<HC 59, 61, 62 Kacceruye 6oM6bl 23~237, •AoK• XoMKACH 134 3aTBOp C HI-I>KHKM pill'lafOM KMH;K31\bl 28, 32-33 292-293 131, 13~137 AocnexH {a TOM 'IHCI\e AaTbl) MC'l"H H "HHOC XOAOAHOC opy- KacceTHYe pa36pacblaaTeAH 293 20-21, 45, 46, 48, 268, 282 )I(HC 45, 47, 49-51, 55 3acl>ap TaKex 39 KacraHe 40 AparyHoaa, B~-tHTOBKa 151 «3BC3AHbiC BOHHY» 276, 278 nHCTOI\eT 122 KacreTY 72 «ApaKOH», paKeTa 254, 284 3eHHTHo-npOTI-IBOTaHKOBaJI C"H· nyAeMeT 214-215 KaTaHa 41-43 ApesKoaoe op}')I<He 56-63 CTCMa 287 paKeTbl 254-255, 258, 260 KaTartyAI>Tbl 160--162 •ApCAHOYT•, 3Hfi\14HCKHH Ko3eHI-!THYC peBOAbBCp 144 KaTap 26, 29, 72 pa61\& 202-203, 337 Jarpa)I(AeH"HJI 223 CTI-II\eT 32-33 «KaTIOWa» 252

Apeibe, vtoraHH <l>oH 339 MeJ(3Hl43M p}')l<bll 132 naTpoH 132 Apo6oa"HK apMeHCK"HH 298 ApOTI-IK"H 82-83 Ay6"HHKI4 14-15, 17 Ay1\J.HOJapliAH Ye opyA~-~J~ 158, 164-177 n"HCTOI\eTbl 122- 126 p}')l<bJI 116-121, 127 AyM·AyM 339 Ayxoaye p}')l<l>ll (Tpy6K~-t) 92, 106 ApAH 51 n~-tCTOI\eTbl 124-125 Axa 40 ~OBYe rpaHaTY 84, 90, 155

358

Af1ctJA8111THb1171 YKA3ATE/1b

Kau6u&rep 49 Ksa,tWlpa 37 Ksai1KeH 28 KBMOH 33 KeH 41, 42 «KelfTYKKHHCKoe• p)?Kl>e 120, 339 KeHl!X, nAeMJI 106 «KeT'IyM», rpaHaTa 84 KM~ 36 K14H)f(aAbl 12, 26-33, 50 Mll ACBOH p}'KH 32-33, 50 KHTaH 314 Kapa6HH 151 opyAI4e 190 nyACMeT 213 WTbiK 67 KAesa1u 40 KAei1Ma Ha KAHHKax 41, 49 KAei1Mop, Me'! 48 «MCHMOp•, M14Ha 227 MHHKH KI4H)f(3AOB 26 Me'leH, wnar 1-1 np. 34, 41, 51, 54 KH}'Tbi 73 «Ko6pa-2000,, paKeTa 254-255 KoraH 43 Ko)f(H<>-trapbiBHble sew.eCTBa 268 KoJyKa 43 «K03bll HO)f(Ka" 104 KoAecuOBbiH JaMOK 114 DHCTOAeTbl 122-123, 126, 132 py)l(bll 117, 127 KoAI>e, V1Aai1wa 339 peBOAbBCp 129 «KOAI>T-0aTepCOH», peBOA&Bep 129 «KOAI>T·DHTOH•, peBOAbBep 145 KoA&T, C3MJ03A 111, 128-129, 339 MOACAb 1911 AI 147, 284 «MOAHI4CHOCHbiH», BHHTOBKa CO CK0Ab3lllli,HM JaTBOpOM 137 «MOAHI4ll», peBOA&Bep 143 MYWKeT Dl!TH33pSIAHb1H 128 «HOBbiH CA}"'A<C6HbiH M 1917•, peBOAbBep 144 pesoA&sep Ml! BM, MOACA& 1861 r. 142 peBOA&Bep •MHpOTBOpeU,. 143 KoAIO'Iast npOBOAOKa 223, 285 KoMI4Hauuo 338 KoMnOJHTHHe A}'KI4 94, 99 KoHrpHs, c3p 814Abl!M 340 paKeTbl 244, 248, 324 KoHKI4CT3AOpb1 27, 50, 76, 102 KoHHast apTHMepHJI 182-183 •KonnepxCA• 280, 286-287 Kon~oe-paKeTa 240 Konhll 56-59, 63, 82-83

Kopa 39 Kopa6CAbHble Aa<f>erbl 166, 203, 205 KopAHT 112, 203, 204, 242, 340 Kopei1cKHH TpeJy6eu 59 · KopMopaH•, paKeTa 259 •KopHepwOT» 301 KopoAeB, c. n. 340 KopoTKHe Mc'll1 44-46 KopcecKa 59 KopTeC 27, 102 KopTI4K 33 KoCMI1'1CCKoe opy)l(HC 276, 281 Kpar, 0Ae 340 •Kpar-liiopreHceH•, Kapa611H 138 KpeMHesast •caMocrpeA&Hast" nywKa 227 KpeMHesble MHoroJapstAHbiC py)l(bll 136 MywKCTbl 119 Hape3Hble py)l(l>ll 120 DI4CTOAeTbl 122-126, 132 KpeMHCBbiH 33MOK 115 Kapa611H 128 pesoA&Bep 129 KpenOCTHble opyA11ll 165, 172, 175, 191 Kpecrosble noxOAbl 36 KpecroHOCUbl 35 •Kp11AMOP• 340 Kp11c 26, 30 •KpoMycKHT» 200.201, 340 «KpoTaAb», paKeTa 257 •Kpynn» 340, 344 KpbiAaTast paKeTa BOJAYWHoro 6a311poBaHHll {KPBS) 234, 240, 243, 251, 262, 275, 307 KpbiAaTast paKeTa Ha3eMHoro 6a3HposaHHst {KPHB) 275 KpbiAaTall paKeTa Ha DOABOAHOH AOAKe {KPnA) 234, 251, 275 KpbiMCKast soi1Ha 53, 111, 165, 325 K}'K, KanHTaH 82 K}'KpH 39, 70 KyAsepHH 168 KyMyAl!THBHbiH 3WKT (3<1>eKT Mot~po) 156, 199, 254, 288, 294 KynoA 191 Kyn-wy 54 KypKOBble nHCTOACTbl 122, 129 KypKOBbiH 33MOK 114 MywKCT 118 KxaHAa 38 KxaHA)f(ap 30 KxaHA)f(apAH 30

A Aa3epb1 281

AaHKacrep, I.J:apAJ 340 Marap14 llp14 59 nHCTOAeT 135 •M3ACCH•, nyAeMeT 212 •AaHC», paKeTa 263, 281 M3Ay 72 AaHTaKa 173 Ma)f(HHO, AHApe 165, 191, 340 AaTeHCKast KyAbTypa 45 MaHH ra}"'e 33 AaTHast p}'KaBHua 38, 48, 72 MaKaHa 15 AaTXH 14 MaKCHM, Xa.:ipeM (XHpaM) CTH· ·AaXTI4>•, DI1CTOAeT 338 BCHC 206, 209, 341 Ae6CA&, H11KOAJ1 338 •MaKCHM», nyAeMCT naTPOHbl 139, 144,212, 214 MOACAI> MG08 214 p~ 139 MOACAb 08/15 212 AerHotrepbl p11MCKI1e 31, 45, 82 MOAeA& PM1910 214 AerKHe nyAcMCThl 211-213, 284 nepsoHa'laAbHbiH o6paJeu AerKoe npoTHBOTaHKosoe opy206 )f(J.te 254, 284 MuaKKa 314 •Ae MaT», pesoA&sep 129, 340 · MueHbKHH BHMH• 338 Aena)l( 125 •MaM6a», paKCTa 254-255 Ae¢owe 340 «MaMAJOKCKI1H» 3¢ec 55 pesoAI>sep 142 MaHA3Y 40 wTH¢'rosoi1 naTpoH ill, 112, MaHAHxepa-KapKaHO Kapa6HH 130 67 A11, A;Kei1Mc 340 MaHAI1xep, epA11H3HA <l>otr AHBaH 288,291 341 «AI1M60•, 60M60MCT 239 BHIITOBK3 MOACAH 1895 r. •AH-MeT¢opA•, BI1HTOBK3 71, 139, 344 138, 340 MaHTOH, A;i<oJe¢ 341 AHHWTOKH 59 «MatrX3TTCH», npoeKT 34 1 AHTA-OI1r-Xoptr 133 MapaAHHra 264-265 AH'IHOH JaW.HTbl cpCACTBa 296 MapcroHa nHCTOACT 135 «AI1-3H¢11AA», KOpOTKast Mara- • MapTHHI1-fetrp11•, py)l(&e 70, 311HHast BHHTOBKa (SMLE) 71, 131, 133, 341 138-140, 340 MapTHHH, CI1CTeMa JaTBopa 131, AosCM, A;KopA)f( 337, 340 133 AosywKI1 224-227, 229 Mapy·KH 98 AosywKH MJ1 'ICAOBeKa (ApeaK<>- Macai1cKoe KOnbe 58 soe opy)f(He) 62 MacaMyHe 42, 341 «J\O)f(HOe» AeJBHe 54 •MaTpa-MINOS•, npoTI4sOTaHAoMaTeA& wnar 32 KOsoe opy)f(He 289 AoHAOHCKHH TaY3p 343 · MaTpa-AiopaHAaA&•, 6oM6a AopeHUOHH, MHKCAe 340 238 AyKH 92-105 ·MaTpa·Ma)f(HK,., paKCTa 258 AyKH c ycHACHHOH CDHHKOH 94, Mapep, OeTep nayAb 341 98 • Mapep•, AcrKoe crpeAKOBoe Ayp14CTaH 22-23, 101 opy)l(l1e A&e)l( 340 BI1HTOBKH 70, 342 A&IOHC, Ai1JeK 340 Kapa6HH (MOACAb 98k) 141 3BH3U140HHbiH nyAeMeT 219 MOACAb 71/84 138 AerKHH nyAeMeT 212 MOAeAb 88 71 AIOrep, reopr 340 MOACAb 98 71, 139 ni1CTOACT 147 naTpOHbl 141, 150, 152 AJOAOBI1K XJII 128 nHCTOAeT (MOACAI> C96) 146 AIOAOBHK XIV 59 Ma'leTe 54 AJOTUeH, 611Tsa noA (1632 r.) 50, WTbiK 65 58 Me)f(KOHTI1HeHTaA&Hast 6aMH· All illoMeTa cHcreMa 133 CTI1'1ecKast paKeTa (MoP) 234, 262, 274-276 M )f(I1AJ<OCTHHe MSP 246-247 M 1944, coseTcKall 100-MM npoJanycK 248 T14BOT3HKOB3ll nywKa 198 H3BCACH11e 250 •Masep14K», paKeTa 259, 306 DOACHCTCMbl 249 MaraJHHbl 105, 107, 108, 131, TsepAOTOnAI4BHble MOP 136-141, t46, 148-153, 210, 244-24s 212-213, 215,219,284-285 Me)f(nai\y6HbiH AaeT 203

359

Mepe 15 «MeccepwMI1TT Bfl09G» 193 Me-raTeA&Hble KOnbl'l 82-83 naAI'!Ubl 78 TOnOpbl 11 KJ\11HKI-I 80-81 MeT$>pA. BI1AMIM 341 Me<111 34-49 Ml1-24 «X11HA», wrypMOaoi1 sepTOACT 291 M11KCMI, 33MOK 11 5, 339 1111CTOACT 123 p)"A<bl'l 118 M11KeHbl 44 "MI1A3H", paKeT3 255 M11Mc, op BI1Abl'IM 34 1 rpaHaTa 88, 155 «MI1HCHBep¢cp,., MI1110MCT 177 « MI1Ht-~raH», nyAeMCT 209, 219 «MI1H11MaH», 6e30TK3THOe opy)I(He 156

KopntK 33 MI1Hbl 226, 232-233, 295 opyAI1l'l 11 cHapl'IAbl 165, 167, 173-174, 202-205, 295 cxf>11uepcKal'l ca6M! 55 ni1CTOACTbl 125, 132 nyAeMCT 218 p3KCTbl 240, 260-262, 294-295 p)"A<be JaAnosoro orHR 127 TOpneAbl 11 TopneAHble annapaTbl 233, 241-242, 295 UJTbl K·TCCaK 70 Mop1'11Mep, X. B. 127 Mopntpbl 164, 166, 169, 174 "Mop<paKc B11A6appoy.., MaWI'I113 AMI o6e3Bpe)l(l18alll1l'l M11H 11 6oM6 283 Moc11 11, C. 111. 342 81111T08Ka 140 WTbiK AMI Hee 68 MywKCTepbl 56-57, 64, 170 MywKCTOH 64, 118 WTbiKH 64, 67 MywKCTbl 64, 109, Ill, 11 5-121, 127, 128 MbRHMa (611pMa) 314 «M3p11 PoJ», Kopa6Ab 97

HeKOHTaKTuble B3pb1BaTeAI1 181, 194, 236 HenaA, AaO 25 Kopa 39 KyKp11 39 HO)t(Hbl 30 paM A30 39 HepsHo-napaAI1TI'I'IecKI'!e sew.eCT83 268 HeCbeMHbiC WTbiK11 64, 67 H11ACPI\311Abl, rpaHaTa V40 88 fli1CTOACT 122 npoTaJaH 58 WTbiK 69 UI,I1TOK /\}"i1111K3 (Hap}"!b) 95 H11JKOACTRW.I1C MopcKI1e paKeTbl 260-26 1, 278, 294-295 Ho6eA&, AAb¢peA 111-112, 165, 342 MI1Ht-~pooaHHC Hooal'l fo11nel'l, MOpCKOe 232, 295 6yl\3oa 16 li33CMHOC 230-231, 289, 290 ACpCBl'IHHbli1 MC'I 35 •MI1HI1TMeH III .. , paKCTa 245, Hosal'l 3ei\3HAI1l'l 313 248,262 HOA3'1H 42 MHHOMCTbl 176-177,2 16, 278, HO)I(Hbl 288-289 AMI KHH)I(<IJ\08 30 MHHHbli1 w.yn 65 AMI MC'Iei1, naAawei1, ca6u& MI1Hbl HaoeAeHHl'l CHCTCMbl paKeTHble 42, 52-53, 55 MOpCKHC 226, 232-233, 295 249-251 HoK, f eHpH 127, 342 Ha3CMHbiC 230-231, 289 Haran M., KOHcrpyKTop 340 Hopseri1R, TyHHCAbHbiC 229 «Harati», peooA&Bep 144 BI1HTOBK3 138 MHH&e, KAoA-3T&eH 341 HareHp"' 83 MC'I 46 p~bl'l 11 ny/\11 Ill , 116, 121 Har1111aTa 62 paKCTbl 260-261 · M,.poTBopeu•, peBO/\bBep 143 HaJeMHoro 6a3HposaH"'ll paKe-Tonop 24 MHoroJapl'IAHble p~bR 108, Tbl 240 HopAeH<f>eAbA. TopcreH 342 131, 136-141 HaJeMHble MI1Hbl 230-231, 289 nyAeMCT 207 MHorocAOHHble AYK"' 94, 98 • HaHK fepKyAeC», paKCTa 257 Ho'IHOro BI1ACH"'l'l np1160pbl MHoroueAeoble opyAHl'l 195, HaKOHe'IH,.KI1 crpeA 100-101 278, 280 199, 205, 287 HanaAMOBble 6oM6bl 266-267 H&JOTOH, lltcaaK 156, 200, 241 MHoroueAeBble nyAeMCTbl 209, HanoAeOH I EoHanapT 52, 57, 216-217 125, 165, 170 0 Mo601< 341 HanoAeOH III 171 06e3BpeJt<... 83TeAb MI1H "' 6oM6 MoAOTOB 341 HanOACOHOBCK"'e BOHHbl Ill, 283 «KOKTCHA.b MOAOTOBa» 266 324 0rAywaiOUJ,3l'l 11/\"' OCACIIMIIOMoAOTbl 6oeable 12, 20-21, 56, «HanOACOH», nywKa 171, 340 w.a.11 6oM6a (rpaHaTa) 282 61 OrHeMCT 266 HanpaBAeHHOH 3Hepr11"' "MOHAparOH», B"'HTOBKa 150 yCTpOHCTBO 296 0AH03ap.IIAHOC OrHCCTpeAbHOe «MOH11TOp», aMep ... KaHCK"'H Ko- Hape3Hble CTBOAbl opf)i("'e 108, 116-125, 131-133 pa6A& 174, 341 apTOPYA"'il 164, 165, 175 0AHOCTyflCH'IaToro ACHCTBI1l'l MoHKp11¢, Kani1T3H 191 pyqHoro ornecrpeA&Horo opy- peBOAbBCpbl 129 )1(11R 109, 111-112, 116, 121 0Harp p11MCKI1H 162 MoHpo, ~KT 199 "MoRe Mer.., nywKa 168 T3HKOBNX OpyAHH 197 OnepeHI1e 100, 102 MoHTecyMa 27 OnoaeCTHTC/\11 o BTOp)l(eHI111 HATO, «MOHTHHbi1·M11TpaAbC3», nyAe• naTpOH 152 280, 285 MeT 207 .llACpHoe op~11e 275 0nyCK310W.11HC.Il /\a¢e-r 191 MopcKoe op~11e • Harrep•, paKCTHNH CH3P~'~A 253 OpyA11HHNC /\3¢e-rbl 166, 168, HaT.II)I(CHI1e TCTHBN 172-174, 182-185, 189- 192, a6opAVKHal'l n11Ka 58 a6opA3)1(HNH WThiK 70 ap6aACTa 102, 104 194-195, 202-203, 205 rAy611HHNe 6oM6N 239, 261, AYK3 95 Op~eiiHNe CHCTeMN 6A11)1(Hero 275 •He6eAuep¢ep-41» 252 6oH 278, 295 K3TACC 53 HeiiTpOHHble «60M6N» 281 «Op~11e AA&¢a» 239

360

OcaAHal'l ray611ua Mk4 188 OcaAHble Mawi1Hbl 158, 160- 163, 277 OcaAHble MI1Hbl (nOAKOnbl) 229 0C3AHble opyA11l'l 165, 166, 188-189 0CT-JI1HACKal'l KOMnaHI'Il'l, 6p11TaHCKal'l ni1CT0ACT 124 canepHb!H WTbiK 68 UJTbiK C 33UI,eAKOi1 69 Ocrp11e xoAOAHOro opy)l(l1l'l, Tl111bl 54 Ocrposa fi1A6epTa (Pecny6AI1Ka K11p116aT11), 6yAasa 16 Me'l 35 0TA3'1a 152, 154 CI1CTeMbl nepe3apH)I(31111R c 11CnOAb3083HI1eM 3HCpr1111 OTA3'1H 146-148, 152, 206, 211-219 «0TOMaT», paKCT3 260 OTpaBMIJOW.He oew.ecraa 268

n 0 aKI1CTaH, «BOpOHI1i1 Ki\108» 20 C3a11A 11 7 MC'I 38 n a/\HUbl 14-1 5, 78 n aHA)I(H 224 «naHAYP» 302 nanneHX3HMep, Me'l 50 .. napa6eMyM• 342 ao,.anyAeMCT 219 n11CTO/\CT 146-147 napaHr naHA11T 40 naTa 38 naTpOHbl AMI aBTOM3TI1'1CCKOH as ...anywK"' 193 K ACfKOMY CTpCAKOBOMy opy)1("'10 108, 111-113, 130-132, 134, 136, 138, 140, 152 n"'CTO/\CTHbiC 146-147 nyACMCTHbiC 206, 208, 210 peBOAbBCpHbiC 143, 144 nary IS nayAI1, lltoxaHHCC CaMf3/\b 111, 130, 340 .. nerac• 304 DeAepceH, A;tr.. A. 342 «Oei1ay3i1», 6oM6a 238 Oei1H-faAaei1, c3p PM&¢ 99, 103-105, 160, 162 «0eHCHAbB3HCKQe» p~be 120, 339 nepBaR M11poBal'l BOHH3 328-329 OepAeil, ,A)t(ei!Mc 339 «0epe'IHHUbl», peBOAbBCpbl 128-129, 135

Anrt>ABIIITHblfif YKA3ATE/Ib

TieppeH, WT.biK AAJ1. erO BHHTOBKH 68 TiepCHJI 316 •TiepwHHr•, paKeTa 263 TieTpOHel\ 117 TieXOTa, 6e30TK3THhle OpyAHR 200-201, 284 ApesKoaoe opy>KHe 56-63 MywKeTbl }()9, 115-121, 127, 128 opyAHJI 170, 190 nyAeMeT.bl 208, 209, 211-213, 216-217 XOAOAJiOC OpY>KHe 52, 54 WT.biKH 64-71, 284 TiexOTHHCU BOOpy>KCHI'Ie 299 3KHOHpOBK3 298 Dew K363 28 TIHKH 56-58, 63, 64 TIHAyM 82 «TIHHrBHH», paKeT3 260 • TII'IpaHbll.• 302 TIHcappo 50, 102 TII'ICTOI\eTbl 64, 109, 111, 301 AYAbHOJapli.A»hle 122-126 K33H033pl!AHble 130, 132, 135 ITOAy3BTOM3TI1'iCCl<He 146-147, 284 C OTKp)"'HBaeMblM CTBOAOM 130, 132 91\eKTpOWOKOBhiH 297 TIHCbMa-6oM6bl 229, 282 TIHXa-KaeTTa 28-29 «TIAYTOH•, paKeTa 263 TIHeBM3TH'ICCKHe py>KoJI 107 TioABOA»hle AOAJ<I'I (riA, cy6MapHHbl) 232-234, 239, 240, 242, 245,26{}-262,275,294-295 «TIOAYWC'lHaJI» wnara 51 «TIOKOHHHUKHH» Me'l 49 «TIOA3pHC», paKeTa 240, 262 Tiol\eBaJI ray611ua 155-1 (FH70) 187 TioAeBbiC OpyAHR 165, 170-1 71, 175, 179, 182-187,200-201 TIOAHUelicKaJI 6poaeMaWHHa · AMAC· 283 TioAI'!Ue.::icKHH raJ 84, 90, 155, 269, 282-283 TioAHueiicKoe opy>KHe 282 TioAHUe.::icJ<oe caapli.>KCHHe 14-15, 269, 282-283 TIOAy3BTOM3TH'IeCKOe crpeAKQDOe Opy>KHC 108, 131, 146-147, 15{}-153 TIOAYMCCJIU 62 TIOAYTOpapyqHhle MC'IH 47, 48 TIOI\bX3HMep, XaHC 61 TioAr.wa, npoTa3aH 58-59 YAaH 57 TIOMITCH 45

Dopox, ·~~>~ii•

111-112, 165, 206 qepHbiH 108, 111-112, 164-165 Tiopoxosble opyAHJI 164-165 AYJ\.bH03apl!AH.ble 158, 164-177 K33H033pl!AHhle 158, 164-165, 178-179, 182-205, 286-287 C3lv\OXOAHble 186-187, 286-287 ocTiocei1AoH C3», paKeTa 245 TIOTCHUH3AbHOe li.ACpHOe Opy>KHe crpaH •-rpeTbero MHpa• 274-275 «TIO'Ie'IHbiH» KHH)I(aA 32-33 TITIW-41, 3BTOM3T 148 Tipaw,H 74, 76-77 ny1\H AAJ1. HHX 77 TipHcrpeAKa apTHMepHHCKI'IX H T3HKOBbiX opyAHH 179 Aa3epH3JI 281, 287 nyAeMeTHaJI 197, 201, 208, 218,287 n P~'~CTPCAK3 1\CrKoro crpei\KOBoro opy>KHJI 110 TiponeMep (aHHT) 241-242 Tipocrye AyKH 94, 96-97 TipOT333Hbl 56, 58-59 TipOTHBOKOpa6el\.bHble paKeTbl 260-261, 278, 294-295 TipoTHBOAOAO'IHOe Opy>KHC (TIAO) 239, 260-261, 275, 294 TipOTHBOITCXOTHbiC apTI'IMepHHCKHe CHapJIA.bl 181 TipOTHBOITCXOTH.ble rpaH3Tbl 84-89, 155, 292-293 TipOTHB0p3A3pH3JI paKeTa 803AYlliHOrO 6a3Hp083RHR (ALARM) 292 TipOTHBOpaKeTbl (TIP) 274-276 TipornaopaKeThl AAJ1. 6opb6hl c T3KTH'lCCKHMH paKeTaMH 275 TipOTHBOCflYTHHKOBOC Opy>KHe 275, 281 TI p0TI1BOT3HKOB.ble BCpTOAeThl 278-279, 290-291 rpaHaThl 84, 91, 155 Jarpa)I(AeHHJI 223 opyAHJI H cHapli.A.bl 156-157, 165, 181, 195, 198-201 paKeThl 254-255, 284, 287-289 ..n pontso3AeKTp11'1ecKail» 6oM6a 304 Tipy>KHHHhlC opyAHJI 160-161 TipyccHJI 111, 165 py>Kbll 120, 132 XOI\OAJiOC Opy>KHC 53, 54 TipbiraJOW.aJI rpaHaTa 282 Tipl!MOTO'IHbiH BOJAywHopeaKTHBHbiH ABHraTel\b 243 TiyrHo 31 TiyKAe, A>Kei1Mc 342 OPYAHC 207 TiyAeBOH ap63AeT 105

1\yK 96 TiyAeMeT.bl ll1, 158, 197,201, 206-219, 284, 287 TiyAH ,AIJl. pa3rOH3 AeMOHcrpaUHH 297 K AerKOMY crpeAKOBOMY opy>KHIO 111-113, 121,285 K npaw.e 77 nyAeMeTHble 208 Tiyl\.bCHpYJOUlHH BOJAYWHopeaKTHBHhlH ABHraTel\b 243 •Tiyt.uapA• 168 Tiywe'IHbiH KOHTeHHep 291 TiywKa 164-166, 168-174 3BTOM3TI1'JeCK3JI 192-193, 205 •TiywKa KopoAeBbl Amthl», nHCTOAeT 132 TI9ppoT, Po6epT 175, 342 «TI9TpHOT», paKeT3 257, 276

p PaA>Kn}'Tbl 38, 316 PaAHaUHOHHOe BOJAe.::icraHe 272-273, 281 PaAOM 342 PaJAei\JIJOW.aJicJI roAOBHaJI '13CTb (Pftf}234, 244,250,262,274 PaJMHHHponaHHe 231 PaJpywHTC/\11 6appHK:tA 283 •PaKaA KAaccHK", CHCTeMa Ha3eMH.blx AaT'IHKOB 285 PaKeTHaJI CHCTeMa 3aAnoaoro OrHII (PC30) 278, 286 PaKeTHble ABHraTe/\1'1 241, 244-247 PaKeThl 234, 240, 254-257, 26{}-263,275 2-ii MHposoli BOHHhl 243, 252-253 ABHr3Tei\H 241, 244-247 JanycK 248 PaxeTbl BOJAYillHOro 6a3HpoBaHHJI 240, 258-259, 292-293, 305-307 PaM A30 39 • PanHpa,., paKCTa 257 Panl'lphl 50-51 «PapAeH•, nywKa 197, 342 Pshl 222 PesOAbBephl Japl!>KaeMh!e cnepeAH 128-129 K33HOJapl!AHhiC (6apa6aHHhle) 142-145 • PCAaii», paKeTa 256 PeJHHOahle nyAH 155, 282 Pew •KaCTeT-pesoAr.aep• 142 PeMHHrTOHa-3MHOTa •AeppHHA>Kep• 135 PeMHRITOH, <l>pCAepHK 130, 143 «PeMHHITOH» 342 ITHCTOI\eT 1867 r. 132 peBOI\t.Bep 1874 r. 143 py>Kr.e 1871 r. 133

PHKKeTCHH 277 PHM, ApeBHHH 319 PHnol\.b 342 OHCTOI\eT 123 Po66HHca 11 AoypeHca «nepeqHHU3» 135 Po6oT AAJ1. pa3MHHHposaHHJI 309 PoraTKa 222 PoAMaHa •KoAyM6H3A3• 172 «POA3HA>', paKeTa 256-257 POHAel\.b, KHH>K3A 31 Pocc, C3p tfapt.J 342 PTif-43, coseTCKaJI rpaHaTa 91 Pyrep 145 PyAOAMP II 62 Py>Kbll. AYAbHOJapl!A»ble 116-121, 127 PyKOli.TH KHH)I(3AOB 26 Me<Je.::i, pan11p, ca6eAb 43, 46, 50-51, 55 PyaKa 59 «PypwTaAb A.r. X-4•, paKeTa 253 PyqHoe orHecrpeAbHOe opy>K~-te 300, 301

c «Caa6-372», paKeTa 258 CaaryH, ceMbll 49 Ca6AH 49, 52-53, 55 «Ca6poK•, paKeTa 239, 261 CaHcp 37 «Cai1ABHHAep•, paKeTa 258, 306 •Ca.::iKc-<f>ee6eeH•, KHH>K3A 33 CaKaH, nJ\CMjl 106 CaMoHaBCACHHe 6oM6 H paKeT 238, 251, 258, 292 «CaMOCTJ>CI\.bH3R• nywKa 227 CaMypaH 35, 41, 42, 98 ..caHAaA», paKeTa 262 CanepHhli1 WT.biK 68 CapHca 56 CBA. CHai1nepCK3JI BHHTOBKa 151 «CBHHrcpaHp•, paKeTa 254-255 Csll.3aHHble (uenHble) cHapli.A.bl 167, 173 Cesepaag AMepHKa 317 CeKHphl 56, 60-61 «CeMTCKC», OJ\3CTI1K083R B3pb18'13TK3 282 CeHcOpbl HaJeMHhle 280, 285 CeHT-%ea 342 «CeH-illaMOH», Aacl>eT 189 OPYAHC 184 Cep6HJI 55 «CHsyAcp», paKeTa 260 «CH-KHMep•, paKCTa 260 CHKXH 80-81 «CHK9T,., paKeTa 260 •CH-Crya», paKeTa 259

361

«CI1CTeMa Aa1"'111KOB nOAA 60ll C A11CT3HU110HHhiM MOH11TOp11HrOM• (REMBASS) 285 C11CTeMa M2 305 C11creMa M23 305 C11creMhl OXA<UKACHI1JI nyAeMeTOB 210 C11y 80, 97, 101 •CKaA>t, cep1111 paKer 263, 276 •CKapn•, paKera 262 «CKdM60pA•, paKera 263 CKI1H AY 28, 30 CKHnerphl 19 CKI1<t>cK11H A)"'HI1K 95 CKopocrpCA&Hoe opyAHC KOHHOH 3J>TI1MCPI111 183 CKopocrpeA&Hble Kopa6eA&Hhle opyAHll 192, 203, 205, 218, 295 CKp3M3C3KC 31 CKC, Kapa611H 67, 131, 151 «CA3MMCp•, paKera 306 •CMHT-BeccoH• 336, 342 MOACAb 29 «MarH)'M• 145 MOACAb 60 145 MOAeA& HOMep I 142 MOAeAb «0Xp3H3 3B113AI1HI1H• 145 MOACAb CKo¢111\Aa 143 il0A11UCHCKOC p)')l<bC 269 «CHaHACp•, BI1HTOBK3 131, 133,

342 CHapliAhl apT11Mep11HCKI1C 180-181, 193, 194, 197, 199,

286-288 BhiCOKOTO'IHhiC 306 33)1(11raTeA&Hhle 181, 266 KOpa6CAbllhiC 202, 204 CHapli)KCHI1e ANI 6op&6hl c 6ecnopliAK3MI1 14-15, 84, 90, ISS, 269, 282-283, 296-297 •CH3nnep», paKcra 254-255 «Co6a'IK3" 118, 123 CoAe rapaMI1 62 COM (•crpaTent'ICCKaJI o6opoHHall 11H11U113TI1B3•) 276 CoAOMOHOBhl ocrposa, KOn&C 82 cK11nerp 19 CoMMa, 6HTBa Ha (1916 r .) 214,

220 CocyH narrax 38 «CnapB11CpO•, paKcra 254-255 «Cnappoy•, paKera 306 CneHcep, KpHcrO<j>ep 342 Kapa611H 137 •Cmtnpai:ip•, 11CTpe6HTeAb 193, 219 •Cnpa.:iT•, TnM 290-291 •CnpHHrqmAA•, BI1HTOBKH 113, 133, 139, 343 WThiKI1 65, 67, 69 CnyTHI1K083JI BOHH3 281 CnYTHI1K-W fl110H 308

362

CpeAH11C nyAeMeThl 211, 214-216 p3KeTbl 244-248, 251-252, 254-263, 275, 276, 286-287, 306 «CTaHAaPA", paKera 260 peBOAbBCphl 128-129, 142-145 •CTapcrp11K•, paKera 293 ca6AI1, umarn 51-53 •CTeAC•, TeXHOAOri1JI 278, 292, TopneAa 242 304 X11MI1'1CCKOC Op)')I<11C 268-269, •CTCH•, 3BTOM3T 148, 341 286-287 WTbiK 69 «CTepA11Hn• 343 liACpHOC Op)')I<11C 262-263, CTI1Aer 33 271,274-275,281 •CTI1Hrcp•, paKera 256-257, 278, •C3rrep•, paKera 255

284 CTOKC, C3p V11AcppCA 343 CToKca-BpaHATa, MI1HOMeT 176 •CTOYHCP• 343 nyAeMeT 63A 216 CI1CTCM3 209, 216 •CToyHqJHW•, MOpCK3ll MI1H3

295 CTpaTern'!eCKI1e paKeThl 234,

240, 262, 274-275 CTpCAbl 100-101 CTpeAbl ap6aACTHbiC (6oAThl) 102-105 «CTp11AB3rH 103A•, T3HK 197 «CTP11KC•, M11HOMCTH3ll CI1CTeM3 288-289 CyAaH 30 KOn&C 58 MeT3TeAbHbiH KA11HOK 80 MC'I 36 H3p)"'HhiH HO)K 28 CYHirU3b1 102, 341

CiliA, 38TOM3TI1'1CCK3JI nywKa 193, 287 6oM60BbiC B3pb183TeAI1 236 6oM6bl 237-238 BI1HTOBKI1, Apo60BHKI1 H py)Kbll 120-121, 128, 133, 134, 136-137, 139, 150-151, 153, 282, 284, 298 BHHTOBO'IHhle rpaHaTbl ISS ray6l1Uhl 186-187, 190 rp3H3TOMeTbl 154, 284 rpaHaTbl 84, 86, 88, 90 33)1(11f3TCAbHOC Op)')I<11C 90,

266-267 MI1HOMCT 284 MHHbl 176 MOpCK11C MI1Hbl 232-233 MYWKeTbl 119, 121 H33eMHbiC MI1Hbl 230-231 HO)I(Hbl ANI 6oesoro HO)K3 30 opyAHC •oocpopc• 205 OpyAHll 6e30TK3THIJIC 200-20! Op)')I<11C a60p11reHOB (~-tHACHUCB) 317 ili1CTOAeTbl 125, 132, 135, 147, 284 nOAHUCHCKaJI Ay611HK3 IS, 282 nyACMeTbl 206-207, 209, 211-219,284

T TaJep 297 •Ta.:irep¢11w», Topnw 294 TaKoy6a 36 T aKTH'ICCKHe paKeThl 240,

252-263, 275 T aKTWICCKHe paKerhl MopcKoro 6a311pOBaHI1JI 240, 260-261 TaAI160H 40 TaMacc11, wTaT AAa6aMa 121 «TaAOC•, paKCTa 260 T aHACMHhle 6oenp11nacbl 288 TaHKI1 209 opyAI1ll 196-197, 208 nyACMeTbl 197, 218 TattTO 28-29,41, 42 TaTap11H 95 Tay3p 343 Ta'll1 41-43 TeACK 28 T eAC011AOTI1pycMhle ACTaTeA&Hble annapaTbl (fnM) 278, 290-291 "TeMepMHHe-35· 230 TenAOBI130phl 285 TenAosoe HJA)"'CHI1C liACpHoro 83pb1B3 272 TepMOliACpHble 6oM6bl 271, 275 •TepH•, paKera 261 Teppop11CT-CMepTH11K 299 • Tep&ep•, paKera 260 TecaKI1 54 WTbiKI1-TCC3KI1 70-71 TCTI1B3 94-96, 98-100, 102-105 • T11rp IE•, TaHK 196 T11nny, cyATaH 169 • THTatt-II-, paKera 246 TOKI1 20 TOACAO 341 ToA'IKOBbiH KI1H)KaA 26, 29, 72 ToMaraBKH 16, 24, 80 • ToMaraBK», paKera 262 «TOMOCOH», 3BTOM3T 131, 140, 149, 341 Tonopbl 12, 14, 22-25 TopnCAhl 240-242, 260-261, 294, 307 TopcHOHHhle MeT3TCA&Hhle opyAI1JI 162 «TOy•, paKeT3 254-255, 278, 287 Tpaei\"TOpi1JI 110, 187, 190, 201 «TpaHACHT C4,., paKera 262

TpaHweH 16, 161, 176 TpaccHpYJOw,He nyAH 197, 201, 208 Tpe6ywe 163 T pe3y6eu 56, 59 TpeHTcp, B11Al>liM 142, 341 TyAsap 38-39, 316 TYHrl1 25 Typ6opea"-'IHBHhiH ABMraTCAb

243 TypHHpHhiC KOObll 63 TypU11ll 275, 286 APOTI1K 83 AYK11 95, 99 MC'II-I (ca6A11) 36-37 p)')l<bC 118 CTpeAbi 100 Tli)KCAhiC nyACMeTbl 208, 209, 211,214-2 17 TIOAb 343

y •Yai1TXCA•, Topnw 242 YAapHoro ACHCTBMll B3phiB3TeAI1 84, 86-87, 236 YAapHhiH (KanciOA&HbiH) Janu 111 -112, 115 HJo6peraTCA& (opca.:iT) Ill, 343 MYWKCTbl 119, 128 mtCTOAeThl 125, 132 pCBOAbBCpbl 128-129 p)')l<bll 121 VAywa10w,11e sew.ecrsa 268 •YJM», 3BTOM3T 149 YHAep, ApTeMHyc 128-129 •YI1AKI1HCOH• 343 V11ACOH, A/KeHMC 127 YHTHI1, 3AH 343 YHTTA, C3p p3HK 243 «YKOpO'ICHHhiH MYWKeT» 119 «YMHbiC» 6oM6bl 238 YoMHC, BapHc 343 YnpaBACHI1e paKeroi1 249 YcHAHTeA& csera 280 •YcosepweHcrsosaHHaJI 6oesall B11HTOBK3» 284-285 • YTpCHHllll 3BCJAa• 17, 18 Y'II1-HC 83

aAaHra 56-57 •<l>aAaHKC•, OC66 295 <l>aA&KOHCT 169 «<l>CHI1KC•, paKeT3 258 ettoMeH cttoca 179 epap11, AHApea ACI1 49, 336 <l>epriOCOH, naTp11K, M3H0p 343 p)')l<l>C 133 epAHHaHA I 58, 61 <l>CXTOB3HI1C 12-13, 34, 50 «<l>l1aT-PeseMH•, nyAeMCT 214 <l>HAHnnHHhl 314

Aflct>AB/IITHblili YKA3ATEJ7b

Tonop 25 Me'IH 40 <l>~-tpaH rH 39 <J>HTHAbH blC JaMKH 111, 114-115 OHCTOAeTbl 122 p)')Kbll 116-117, 128 <l>AI1CC3 36 <l>OAKAeffACKaJI BOHHa (aHrAoapreHTHHCKaJ!) 294-295 <l>OA'IeH 46, 54 <l>opcaHT, AAeKcaHAp 111, 34 1 <J>paHU11CK3 80 <J>pa HU11ll, apn.tMCp11HCKHC 6oenp1103Cbl 180 apTHMCp11HCKI1C opyAHll 183, 186, 195 6eJOTK3THOC Op}')K11C ! 57 6oeaoi1 MOAOT 21 6oM6bl 237, 238 8HHTOBKI1 11 p)')Kbll 128, 139, 140, 150.151 rpaHaTbl 85, 86, 8&-89, 282 APCBKOBoe Op)')I<He 59, 61, 62 K3CTeT 72 K11H)!(aA 27 MC'IH, OaA3WH, pan11pb1, TCC3· KH H T.n. 45, 47, 50-52, 54-55 MYWKeT 119 H3KOHC'IHHK KOObll 83 H3KOHC'IHHKH CTpeA JOJ neTpOHCA 117 OHCTOAeTbl 123-125 noAeable opyAHJI 17().171, 183-184, 186 nyAeMeTbl 207,212, 214 paKeTbl 255, 257-260, 262-263, 275 peBOAbBCpbl 129, 142, 144 «yTpCHHJIJI JBeJA3" 17 WTbiKH 68, 70 llACpHoe op)')Kl1e 275 •<l>p3HK BeccoH•, n~-tCTOAeTKHH)!(aA 135 <J>yracbl 227 <l>yJeTTO 28 <l>yp1160 16 <l>yCTH6aA 76-77

X Xai16ep 38 «X3KHM», BI1HTOBK3 151 Xapa11, C3MI03A 54 «Xapp11HrTOH-P11'13pACOH•. M()AeAb 900, peBOAbBep 145 •Xapnepc-<l>epp11•, p)')K&e 120 Xaycaep 32-33 Xa'IHBapa 73 .. XCA>K.Xor•, 6oM6oMe-r 239 Xei1Aa rpaHaTa 87 «Xei1M, paKCTa 244 •XeKAep 1-1 Kox•,

8HHTOBK3 285, 300, 301 Waccno, AHlyaH 344 Op)')I<He HHAHBHAYaAbHOH 33· py?KJ>e 70, 133 W,HTbl 300, 301 WerraKa nHCTOAeT AMI AaAOHH OHCTOAeT 146, 301 135 •XeMcpaHp•, paKeTa 255, 278, 305 WaxTHaJI nycKOBaJI ycraHOBKa X~-tMH'ICCKHe 248 aa~-ta6oM6bl 236 WawKa 37 rpaHaTbl 84, 90,269,282 WsapUAOJe, AHApeac 344 CH3p$lAbl 181, 286-287 nyAeMeT 214-215 X11M11'1CCKOC Op}')K11C 264, Wsei1uapHJ~, 26&-269, 278, 286-287 38TOM3TH'ICCKaJI nywKa 192 BI1HTOBKI1 141, 150 X11p0CI1M3 271 «XOK•, paKeTa 256-257 ApCBKOBQe Op)')KHC 58-62 JeHI1TH<>-OpoTHBOT3HKOBaJI XOKYC3H 34 XoM, AltcoH 343 CHCTCM3 287 K11H)!(aAbl 32-33 Kapa6HH 133 MC'I 45 XoAOAHOe op}')K11e apT11MepHCTOB 28, 54-55 MHHOMeT 176 HQ)!(Hbl AMI K11H)!(aA3 30 XoA&MerapACKHH AYK 96 Xopa 72 •yTpCHHlll! 3BC3A3• 17 W,HT 104 XoTopu, peAyT 220 Xp11CTH3H v 58 WBCUHII, XpoHOAOfHJI paJBHTHJI ap6ue-rbl 102 ap6aAeTOB 102 6eJOTK3THOC Op}')KHC 156-157, 20 1 nopoxoabiX opyAHH B Eapone 165 •oo¢opc• 194, 205, 259, 288-289, 337 nyACMeTOB 209 6yAaaa 16 pY'fHOro orHecrpeA&Horo opy)1(1111 Ill «BOpOHI1H KAIOB• 20 «X&JO Ko6p.1•, aepTOAeT 193 ApCBKOBOC Op}')KHC 58-59, 61 K11H)!(aA 27 MC'111 44, 46, 49 MHHOMeTHaJI CHCTCM3 288-289 UHOAKOBCKHH, KOHCT3HTI1H 246, 343 HaKOHC'IHHK C'rpeAbl 101 Uy6a 41, 43 nuaw 52 nywe'!HbiH KOHTCHHep 291 paKeTbl 256-257, 293 lfaxpaM 76, 80.81 p)')KbC 118 «I.Jei1HraH" M230, aaToMaTH'IeT3HK 197 TOnop 22 cKaJI nywxa 290 lUTbiKH 66, 69 «lfCAOBCKOynpaBJ\llCMaJI TOpneA3• 233 WHre-T<>-JOMI1 98 lfepHHbOA3, 6HTB3 np11 (1503 r .) W11MCJ\3 14, 344 111 illHAOBHAHaJI nl-11\3 (aAbWOHC) lfeXOCAOB3KHJI, 58 rpaHaTbl 86-87 W~-tnbl 222 W~-tpoK11C MC'II1 49 33BOA «illKOA3• 344 nyACMeTbl 213, 218 • illKOA3• 344 WTbiK 67 lilMai:tccep, fyro 344 lfH380H3 49 3BTOM3T 148 lfHrHp11KH 17 illMHAT 344 lfHAI1HCKaJI K3CCeTH3JI 6oM6a xapa611H 141 292-293 Woxa 24 lli111KBeAC3 32-33, 49 WOTeA 36 «I.JI1HKC• 343 illOTAaHAHJI, ApeaKoaoe op)')K11e 60 KI1Hll<aA 33 WaACM6poH 136 MC'II1 4&-49 illaMW11p 37 OHCTOAeTbl 122-123 WapAeBI1A&-MeJ&ep 343 CKI1H AY 28, 30 Wapnc, Kp11c'1eH 344 Wowa nyAeMeT 212 «ACpp11HA)!(Cp•• 135 WnarH 51-53 Kapa6HH 133 illnaHAaY 344

ill

•illnpeHfMHHC 44• 231 WpanReJU., feHpH 342 CHapM 165, 167, 174, 181, 194 Wp~-t·AaHKa,

KHH)!(3A 28-29 AYK 94 MC'I40 npoTaJaH 5&-59 WTai1p 344 W TypMOBblC BCPTOAeTbl 27&-279,

290.291 lilTypMOBblC BHHTOBKH 150-153 illTblK AMI Kapa6HH3 3rra 68 illTbiKH 12, 33, 64-71, 284 Wyp11KCH 76

3 3rr, Alopc 126 dKBaAOpCKHH KHH)!(aA 27 «3KJOCeT•, paKeTa 260, 278,

294-295 •3 KceA&c~-top Xei:tHca•, rpauaTa

86 «3 KCKaA~-t6yp•, MH0f033p11AHOC

OOAHUCHCKOC p)')KbC 282 dACKTpOM3fHHTHaJI 60M6a 304 3AeKTpOHHaJI aoi1Ha 28 1 dACKTpOWOKOB3JI AY611HK3 282 3ACKTpOWOKOBOC ycrpOHCTBO

296,297 «3Hcp11AA» 344 3BTOM3T IW 153 BHHTOBKa SMLE 139, 140 811HTOBKI1 Ml7 11 Pl4 139 HapeJHOH MywKeT 121 opy-Ame SA80 153, 280, 284 pCBOAbBCp 144 WTbiKH K 3THM 81HITOBK3M 65, 70.71 «3pMtKOH» 192, 342 dCKHMOCbl 317 KHHll<aA 27 AYKH 98 H3KOHC'IHI1K CTpeAbl 101 3cnaApOH 52 3cnaHTOHbl 57-59, 61, 80 3cceH 342 3cpHOOCK11H Me'! 36

IO iOl!<HaJI AMep~-tKa 317 Ayxoaoe p}')KbC I 06 MHoroJapliAHOe py-A<&e 137 iOAI1i1 UeJap& 222

.H ~epHblC BlpblBHble ycrpOHCTB3

270-275 .SIApa nywe'IHble 167, 170, 173 .SiMbl 222, 224-225 .SinOH11ll 315 BI1HTOBK3 11 Kapa6HH 141

363

rpaHaTN 89, 91 nexoTHoe opyAHe 190 nyAeMeT 214-21S ..Hp!1A 83 ..Hcyu)'Ha 344 .51TaraH 36-37, 68

A A7, 1-!crpe6HTeA~>6oM6apAHpouw,l-IK 193 AA, 3CHI-ITHaJI paKeTa 2S2 ACL-APX, 6e3oTKaTHoe op}')I<He IS7 AICW, urrypMOUall UHHTOUKa 300 AMX DCA 30, 3CHHTHaJI ycraHOUKa 19S ANS, paKeTa 294 AK60, <PHHCKaR WTypMOUaJI UHHTOUKa (aUTOMaT) 71

B 8-2 «CTCAC", 6oM6apAHpOUUJ,I1K 292 BAR Ml918 A2, aMep. nyAeMeT 211, 212 ·BAT• 344 BESA Mkiii, 6p11T. TaHKOUbiH nyAeMeT 218, 344 Bren Mkl, nyAeMeT 213, 344

c CAPTOR, KancyAa c TopnCAoi:t 307 CETME, HcnaHQ-HeM. UI1HTOBKa 152 CS, HHKaDaCHT3HT 90, 268-269, 282

D OM 19, HeM. rpaHaTa 90 DM5l, HeM. rpaHaTa 89

F FG42, op}')I<He HeM. napaw!OTHcrou 1S2 FLAK41, 3CHHTHOC OPYAHC 199 FN MAG, 6etu.r. nyAeMeT 217, 218 FN, 6CAJ>r. BHHTOBI<a 69, 151 FN, <l>~-tpMa 284, 344

G G11, UHHTOBKa 285 G36, Ul-IHTOBKa 300 G3A3, 3BTOM3T 1S2

H H-1, paKeTHbiH ABHraTeAb 247 HARM, paKCTa 259 HB.876, MHHa 293 HEAT, cHapllAbl KYMYAJITHBHble 156, 199

364

HESH, CHapllAN co CMHHaeMOJ1 M24 cPeM11HrTOH•, CHai1nepCKaJI BHHTOBK3 284 fOAOUKOH 199 HOBO, aMep. TB-ynpauAJ!eMall M249, •rpynnouoi1 nyAeMeT» 278, 284 6oM6a 238 M2S2, ycoaepweHCTBOBaHHbiH CPCAHHH MHHOMeT 284 M3, aMep. aaTOMaT 148 JP.233, pa36paCNBaTeAb M11H HB.876 c CaMOACTa 293 M40, 6e30TKaTHoe opyAHe 201 M47 «ApaKOH•, npoTHBOTaHKoUaJI paKeT3 2S4, 284 K M60, nyAeMeT 217 K-SOM, auToMaT 149 M60, T3HK 218 L M61 A1, auHanywKa 193 M68, aMep. rpaHaTa 86 Ll A1, 6pHT. UHHTOBKa 151 M72, AerKoe npOTHuoTaHKOaoe LlA2, CS-rpaHaTa 90 Op}')KHC 2S4, 284 UA1, rpaHaTa 88 L37 A1, TaHKOUbiH nyAeMeT 218 M79, aMep. rpaHaTOMeT 1S4 L7 AI, MHorou,CAeaoi1 nyAeMeT M9, WTbiK 284 ~V234, 244, 2SO, 274 217 LAC M2, UJ.1HTOBO'iHall rpaHaTa MAS 49, q,paHu. BHHTOBKa 1S 1 MAS, MOACAb 1936 r. 140 155 MERLIN, MI1HOMeTHaJI CJ.1CTCM3 leFH 18, He.>.t. ray611ua l8S LG40, HeM. 6e30TKaTHOe opyAHe 288-289 MG34, nyAeMeT (MG3) 216 200 MG42, nyAeMeT 217, 344 MG73, nyAeMeT 218 M Ml, aMep. Bl-!HTOBKa «f3paHA" MINOS, npOTHUOTaHKouoe opy)1(11e 289 ISO MIRV 234, 244, 2SO, 262, 274 Ml, aMep. Kapa6HH 150 rpaHaTOMeT 284 MK19-3, Ml09, IS5-MM ray611ua 187,286 M 110, 8-A!OHMOBaR CaMOXOAHaJI Mk2, 2S-<!>yHTosoe opyAHe 18S Mk2, aMep. rpaHaTa 88 ray611ua 186 Mk4S, 5-A!OHMouoe Kopa6CA~>MilS, 8-A!OHMouall 6yKcHpyeHoe opyAHC 20S M3JI ray611ua 186 MkF3, lSS-MM ray6Hua 186 Ml4, aMep. UHHTOUKa 151 MP40, HeM. aBTOMaT 148, 344 M14, aMep. npoTHaonexOTHaR MP44, HeM. wrypMOBaJI UHHMI1H3 231 TOUKa lS2 M16, aMep. BHRTOBKa 65, 151, MSBS M-20, ¢paHu. pat<eTa 262 1S3, 154, 284, 334 M17, aMep. BHHTOBKa 139 M1897, q,paHu. 75-MM noAeuoe N Nol Mk2, 6p11T. rpaHaTa 86 opyAHC 183 No1, 6pHT. BHHTOUKa 139 M 1906, aMep. BHHTOBI<a No2, 6pHT. rpaHaTa 87 •CnpHHr<l>HAA• 113 No36, 6pHT. rpaHaTa 88, lS5 Ml9 AI WP, aMep. BHHTouoqNo4 Mk1, 6pHT. UI1HTOUKa 69, 140 HaJI 33)1(Hf3TCAJ>HQ-AlJIM0UaJI NoS Mk1 , 6pHT. BHHTOUKa 140 rpaHaTa 155 M2, 0,3-A!OHMOBNH nyACMeTNo69, 6pHT. rpaHaTa 87 HNH naTpOH 208 No74 (S1), 6p11T. rpaHaTa 91 M2, 15S-MM nywKa 18S No77 WP, 6pHT. rpanara 90 M2, CHCTeMa AAJI ycraHOUKH ny- No80 WP, 6pHT. rpaHaTa 90 ACMeTa 305 M20, 6e30TKaTHoe opyAHe 200 p M20, 3,S·A!OHMOBall paKeTa P14, 6pHT. PY'f<bC 139 (.. Cynep6aJyt<a») 2S4 PAK36, HeM. npoTHuoTaHt<ouoe M203, aMep. rpaHaTOMeT 1S4, 284 OPYAHC 198 M224, ACfKHH poTHNH MHHQPAK43, HeM. npOTHuoTaHt<ouoe MeT 284 opyAHC 199 PRB 424, 6CAJ>r. OAHopa30BbiH M23, CHCTeMa AA$1 ycraHOBKH nyAeMeTa 30S MHHOMCT 177 M230, aaTOMaTwieCKaJI nywKa PRB 426, 6eAbr. MHoro3apllA•"llei:tHraH» 290 HNi1 MHHOMeT-A3H'Iep 177

PV-1110, liiBCACKOe 6e3oTKaTHoe opyA11C 201

Qf, CHCTeMa ynAOTHCH11JI 33· TBOpa 178, 184

R RBS-70, JeHHTHaJI paKeTHall CHcreMa 256-2S7 RBS90, paKeTHbiH I<OMnAeKc 293 RSC, q,paHu,. BHHTOUKa 1SO

sSIG MG710-3, nyAeMeT 216 SMLE, UI1HTOBKa 139 SNEB, paKera 259 sPzB41, Tll)I(CAOC npOTHBOT3HKQUOe pf)l(l>e 199 SRAM, paKeTa 259 SRC3S, HT3A. rpaHaTa 86 SS, cepHJI paKeT 262 STRIM, UI1HTOUO'iH3JI rpaHaTa 155

T TH3 AN-M14, 33)1(Hf3TCAbHaJI rpaHaTa 90

v V1, «<l>ay-h, «ACTa!OW.aJI 6oM6a» 243 V2, «<l>ay-2» 234-23S, 248, 253 VG2, HeM. •HapOAHOe PY'f<bC» 141

WOMBAT, 6pHT. 6aT3AbOHHoe 6e30TK3THOC npOTI-1UOT3HKQUOe opyAHe 201

z ZB/vz26, nyAeMeT 209, 213 Zb53, nyAeMeT 218

Y.LJ.K 623 66K 68.9 J.144

ncpesen c aHrmtikKoro n. A. CaMCOHOB no H3)lamuo: T H E NEW WEAPONS OF T H E WORLD ENCY CLOPEDI A (An International Encyclopedia from 5000 b.c. to the 21st Centry), 2007

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ISBN 978-0-312-36832-6 (a11rn.) ISBN 978-985- 15-0866-8 (pyc.)