Новый Солдат. № 185 by Watra

Tpu{Jyu llnfmror.wtrucl\·oil «ozopmw, l(eumy1/epaaR /(uKCKllR

flper/utKm npemoptuwct<oit l RilpOuu, u.unepamop TpaRH, lllliWIOp,

(101-102 l.l.)

«wcumu aoeua•tullbiiiiK, flepaaR /l.uKcKaR tJOiiua

Hu•mlo mm< ue o6'bRCUJlem uacm ouu(ee, KaK 3ua1me npoumozo••• llo;m6uu

HID H3HCK3R rna

Jl.ema.l1b c llJII<Ii KOIICII/{111/IliiiJU, l ll0t!1b upe moptUIIII(eO 1/ll l'rftmiJIJIIeoo.H ,,ocmy,

28 01<11/HOJIH 312

l OOll. roapoeitl(bl YJIWIOIIICH 110

06UJ1bllbiJII /l(/1111(/.JII II •le lll)'/l'l0/1/bUI oocuexa.ll. B ee 1/0CRTII UIIIIIIU'leCKI/e /lUie.Mbl , 1<011/0f1ble 1/JOOjJOJICellb/ 11/0J/bKO 110

xyr)ome-

cmoe/11/0ii J'CI/06/IOC/11/1.

BOEHHO-HCTOPHIJECKIIit AJThMAHAX HOBbiH

CDAAAT

N!! 185

"Co.cJI.I't" BMuycK<t<l'I C>I Ap·r·cMC>IICKI'M u<>tmoo-ucTOprt•recKn>t K.lyoo•• '·Bcrcpau" '~'" 'urcuo11 t<Jiy6u JII'01>1S7S err 03.04.98 t PcJl3KTOp: K ucu/tCII 13. H., 2002 llc,tnKatm• Ill.! uccc-1 OTOCl'C1'ocuuoc1u '\3 Mnrcpun.u.~. upc.aocraMeHHbte aeTopa:mt. 0'111CliUIUIIH I! I UII01Jll14mn ··Knurn'', r Ap-rcMoucK, }'JI, '-1mwclttl, 24 Tupa>K: 400 'JKJ. AJl•>eauax

c ··conn.aT".

<<0peTOpH31iCK3ll raapA11ll>) - B H3WH ,11,1111 TaK H33bi81UOT Jlf06oe BOHHCKOC lj>OpMHpOB3HHC, C OOMOUlbfO KOTOporo

BJlaCTH

ytJ.ep>KHBaeTCJI >KeCTOKHi'i pe>KHM. Heco~meHHO. nperopuattuaM npHXO.llHflOCb Hrpatb 3TY p om•. 0H I1 6b!nll C3Mbi M KpynHbJM 80CHHbiM OTpi!.llOM B PHMC, II B HX 33.llaYy BXO.Il11Jl0 OO.llaBJl2Tb BCllKHC nonbiTKH M!ITC)Ka. Omt 6bJnH HenocpcAcrneHHOH m tHHei'i o6opOHbl pH MCI<~J X HMneparopo s. Ho cny'lanocb, •1ro n p eropHaHU.bl CT1l l•IOBIIJH 1Cb HX rnaBHblMI1 BparaMH. H a npoTllli<C~J HH sed\ e eo c?\ HcropHH rsapACHUbl n ocrollHHO OCOJHaBaJIJ1 CBOJO BOJMO>KHO CTb riO )J(CJlaH HJO CMCUlaTb 11 OO.ll.llCpiKHBaTb 11MneparopOB.

3TOtr B03MOIKHOCTb l0 OHH nOCTOR~I

HO OOJlb3083JlHCb, npHYCM pyKOBO)lCTByRCb llpH 3TOM HC KaKHMH-TO CJJO)KHblMH nOJlHTH'!CCKHMH C006pa>KCHHRMH, a CaMblMI1 npOCTbiMH 3fOHCTH'iCCKHMH M bJCJlli MH. MHoroYHcneHHbie npe-

<~eKTbr f83p.ll.HH HHTpHrOBaJJH 311 BJJaCTb H 8Jli1JI H~IC, OllHaKO npOCTblC npCTO p HaHUbl OCTaBaJJHCb ~IHCpTHOi'i M3CCOH, CCJJH TOJJbKO HC OKClJbiBaJIHC b

YLUCMJJC~I HbiMH

HX 3aKOH I·JbiC npasa.

YA06Hail 11 cpasHH TCJlb HO 6e3on ac1·JMI >KH3Hb nperop 11aHUCB B co6crse ~I H bJX Ka3apMax s PHMe, yKOpO<JCHI1biH cpo 1< cny>l<6 bJ, OOBbJ WCHHOC >KII JlOBaH bC, 11Cp110)lH'ieCKOC CTOmm e B Ka p ayne B 11MrreparopCKOM JJ.BOpue - see 3TO .uen ano cny)K6y a rsap.u~m npe,u0Xp3HR~Uli1X

B 23 2. om P.X u,1mepamop Tu6ep11ti (14-37 u. om P.X) no-

rpaHI1Ubl H~1n epH 11. 8Mecre c reM, npeTOp11atJCKall rsapJl1i.ll6bUia

38onun npef/Jet<my npemoptWIICKOti zaapiJtw CeRuy co6pamb ace npem optum cKue Kozopmbl 8 Pu,11e. TaKIIAt o6pa3o,u, Tuoepuu

MeTOM 33BHCTI1 CO CTOpOHbl npOCTbiX J\CrJIOHCpOB,

6oecnOC06HOH YaCTbfO, KOTOpall HC pa3 11 liC Jl.8(l OTJlJt'iaJlaCb Ha none 6 11TBbt.

B KOHue I - Ha'!a.ne IT

seKOB pHMCKu e uMneparopbi

C111Qll 61110 j)biJ\I

OIIII(OJI1-0CII06«mene-ll npem oputlii CKOii U IUJJOIIII.

PoiJoaoti zep(j Tu 6epufl - cKopnuou - CI/Uih ::w 6Ite-uou zaapi>uu. llOpOH C06C l 8CHHOJH1'1HO ytlaCTBOBa.rJH B 60C6.b1X UOXO.D:aX, a o peTOpHaHJ..lbl C011p080)J(Jl3JlH Jf X, 1101lY'l 3.ll 803M0)KHOCTb OOf<a3atb CBOC MY)J(CCTBO. J-leCMOipll H.a B3>KHOCTb OpetOp11aHCI(0H f83p.Q11H 8 llOJH!THl.feCKOM 11 80eH~IOM acneKTe, 0 HH X 6bln0 .H311 HC3HO cpaBHHTC.ObHO Mano. )l.eno B TOM, 'iTO a n ocne.nyrO!J.lJ1e BpeMeHa K nperopHaHuaM 6b1Jl0 HCCKOJlbKO CH11CXO.!\~C1l bHOe OTHOWCmJe K3K K napa.nHOH 't3CTH, OCHa l!lCHHOH apxaH'tHbiM Opy>t<HCM H ll.OCnexa.\111, fO.li.HbiMH pa3BC JlHWb ll.Jl.ll napall.OB.

A czycm (27 z. iJo P.X. - I 4 2. om P.X.), nep6bltl jJII;II CK IIIl 11.!111/e-

n poHCXOIK.QCHHC r sa p .QIIH

0peTOp11a HCK3ll KO f Opta, IIJBeCHJa~ T8K)!(C ITO.Q Ha3B8HHeM

pamop, Komopl>lii coJ iJan fi 0C 1110RIIft bte npemopuauCKIIe KOzopmbt. Bo 2 z. iJo P.X. Ac2ycm co6pa11 o miJeJtbllbte npemopuaHCKtte KOZO/)IlliJI 1100 00U( ee KO~I U I/ 00601/1/e

nperop ~laH C J<Oi'i rsapAHH, 'tacro Ha3blll810T .ueTH LUeM n ep so ro pHMCKOro J1MnepaTopa - O KTaBHa.Ha Asrycra. O.nt~aKo :no He Ta K. n o,uo6HbiC KOrOpTbl C03)la83J1 11 ll.Jlll ce6JJ HeKOTOpble KpynHbiC BOeHaYa1lbHHKH Cl!le 80 BpeMeHa 1103ll.HCH pecny6nHI<I1 . f.iyKB3JlbHO nperopHaHcKaR Koropra o6o3tta'taer rpynny (cohors) .upy3eii, C011p080)KJlaJOUlllX KOHcyna (praetor - O.!J.IIH 113 KOHCYilbCKHX THTyJJOB). H o K KOH ~Y

iJcyx llfJN/JeKmoo.

I seKa n o P.X.

TepM HH «nperopuaHCKaJI Ko-

ropTa» npuo6pen KOHKpCTHbiM CMbiCJl - OTpllll Te..rroxpalltJTCJleM . 803M0)KU0, OKOH't3TCJlbHOC 113MCHeHI1C CM biCJla n pOH30IllJlO B ro.QbJ r pa>KAaHCKOH BOHHbJ.

K KOH UY 40-x

ro.uoa ll.O

P.X.

OKTaBMaH (cTmmnr A AnrycT oM)

11 ero conepHH I< AHTOH!1H pacnoJJaraJI I'l p llJ\OM opnniii'IOBaliHbi X no caocMy ycMorp emJJO n peropHaHCKHX O'!Jlli.I\()H . A n n11i1 y Ts ep >K.QaJJ, 'iTO B HX cocrase cny>KHno n op.H-'\Kll

8000 l!crepaliOB. AH 32 r. JI.O P.X.

TOHHH 83RJ1 C C060H Tp11 KOfopTb! Ha BOCTOK H B

OT'ICI<aH111l OO'ICTHYJO MOHCTY B '!eCTb CBOJIX npt:lOpHaHUeB. Opoc nii coo6l!laeT. 'iTO so speM.ll 6HTT!hl n paiioHe Mhlca AKU11i1. OKTaBHatt pacnonaraJI ITJITbJO KoropTliMil . nocne no6e.llbJ OKTaBHaH o6beJtHHlt1l Cl!oro ap~tHJO c apMHeH. flOBep>KCHHOro COnepmtKa, CH~100JIH:111 pyll IIO'.lpO)t(J\\:~IHC CJlfl HO~i apMHH l0JJHJI llpapll. fllp e1"0p 118Hnbl THJ\')f(C 06l.CNIHHJ1HCb, 'iTO C03.QaJlO n peAnOCbiJtKH Jl)Jt$1 rtO:llllllCFIHll nocTO$JI JIIOH raapAHH .

B 13

ROME Earlyl,.th Century AO 500 Metres

Column of Harcus Aurelius •

Campus Hartius

Trajan•s Column

•

CAPITOLINE Forum

PALATINE

• ©Colosseum

Equites Singulares

Arch of

Constantine

(First camp)

CAELIAN AVENTINE Kapma PuMa Q llil'ltllle I V QeKa om

P.X. YKa:JlliiO paJJtteu(euue nazep11 np emopuaucKoii zaapou11, !Utzeplt zepMaiLCKIVC me.noxpatt/1/tteneu P.X., a

u 11azepn KOJwoii u,wtepamopc~<oii Z6apouu. YKil3alla 1111111111 Aupi!.i111R - 111/HIIIl "fJenocmllbt.x cmeu, ao30auzuyman Q 27I z. om /IUI/<.?JCe 110Kil3allbl Jltecma ]JllCIIO!lO:Il('e/11111 OCIIOQ/IblX /Ul.AIRI/IIti/KOO IICKyccmoa, 0111 HOCfllt(IIXCfl K npemoptta/ICI<Oii Z60pf)Utt.

r. .rtO P.X. Asrycr ycraHOBKn npononlKKTen 1>/fOCTb CJl}')K6bl B mapLtHH 12 JJeT fljX>THB 16

K3lKJI.BSl nperopHaHc-

po.na ~1e HOC~f!lH .n.ocnexoa. tlx «YHH(jlop-

Kall Koropra 6biJJa OT.rtenbHOH. '-IBC"fb!O ft

Ma» COCTOll!l8 HJ OQlH~HaJJbHOH TOni ,

!leT Cil}')K6bJ B 06bi4 J·IbiX Jl efli0H8X, O.rtHaKO

803rmlBnSlll3Cb Tp116yHOM 113 COCn OBHSl

XOTOpaSl 3pHTCJ1bHO BW.D.eJJliJI8 HX 8

5 r.no P.X. Ta tmrcoo6JJ lan, "'TO npo-

BC~.llHHK08. TiocJJe :noJ:i .I(aTbl AsrycT HB·

ronne, HO 8 ro >Ke apeMll ocrasanacb

3H8'1HJI .LrBYX npe<jJCKTOB, KOTOpbJe B351Jlll

np~ieMne~10H rpalKD.3HCKOH O,LtelKLlofl.

H8 ce6SJ 06lll.ee J<OMaH.llOB3RHC nperopH·

.[la>Ke BOCHHbiC CMOTpbl npOBO.UHJIHCb

}')Ke s

.rtonJRHTeJJbHOCTb CJJY>I<6bl ysemt•II1J1H llO 11

20 !leT, COOTBeTCTBeHHO.

,no

2 r.

.no

P.X.

HeH3seCTHO, CKOJJbKO J<oropr ocrasHn

aJ-tCJ<~tMH KOropr aMH. Bo speMl! npe6&Jsa-

pellKO H cny4ali

0KTaBHaH. MOlKHO Jlfllllb npe.nnonO>KHTb,

HHll s PHMe rnasHoti o6SI3aHHOCTb!O n pe-

aHues o PHMe so sceopylKHH MOlKHO

'-ITO HX 6.bJJJO .uesnr&. VIMeiiHO ta Koe •me -

¢eKTOB 6hmo o6ecneqHr& oxpaHy nsopua

nepec'!HTaTb no nanbuaM.

no Ha3.bJBaer Tau11r B

P.X.

npeTOpll·

HaM

Asryc-ra HB TianaT.HHe. Ka>KUbl K seqep, B

He.nasHo o6Hapy>KeHHble Ha.nnKCJ1 no-

T8K>Ke He .113BeCTt{8 4HCJleHHOCTb npeTO·

BOCeMb 48COB TpH6YH ,Lte)!(ypHOM KOfOp·

3BOJ1S!!OT 33KJJJO'IHTb, 'ITO 6J1HlKe K KOHuy

pHaHCKHX KOrOpT, MO>KHO JlHWb rrpenno-

Tbl 111141-10 npHHHMB!l yl<a3aHIUl OT HMDC·

npasneHHII AsryCTa 4HCJ10 KOrQpT Ha KO·

500 YeJIOBeK, K8K

paropa. Tiocne TOrO, KBK B 23 ro.rty OT P.X.

poua1H. nepHO/.l B03pocno no

B Koropre o6bJ'-I HOro ne1 HOHB. Ommt<o HaM

6bln nocrpoeH nperop ri&HCKHH narep&,

o J<oropoi-i H.ll.eT

TOYHO H3BeCTHo 113 coo6weHI1~ Cseroumt

.ne>KypHblH Tptr6yH HaXOllH11C51 11 TaM. Dpo-

286)

JlOlKHTb, '-ITO B HeH 6bJn0

r. or

nOliB1leH~ISI

pey 1:>

12.

(Letta A E

Ha.!lnHCb,

1978

no.

coo6waer o YenooeKe, KOTOpbiH

0 TOM, '-ITO B PHMC .lli1Cij0!(11jX>BaJIOCb 1Onb-

•JHe o6maHHOCT.H BKJT!O'-IBJIH s ce6l! conpo-

cnepsa 6b1Jl TpH6yHOM O.U11HH8AU.aTOi1 KO·

KO TpH KOropl bl , np114CM >KIIJIII OHI1 He 8

BO>K.llCHHe HMnepaTopa 11 <JJJeH.oB ero ce-

roprbt s KOHUe npasn eH Hll AarycTa, a B rollbl npatmeHHA T11 6ep1H1 B03maoHJl YCT·

o6lll.e~t narepe, a 6bJnH pacKsapntpOSattbJ

MbH. Dpu Heo6xo.QHMOCTJ1 nperopuaHUbt

no sceMy ropo.a.y. OcranbHbJe KoropTbt

)l.On>KHbl 6biJIH no)l.aBm!Tb Ml!TelK, BCilbJX·

sepTyJO Korop-ry.

llHCJJOUHpOBamtCb B KpynHbiX f0p0ll8X 00

HYBWHH a ropo.lle. 4 T06bl H36e>KaTb aHTa-

rollY o-r

Tau1rr

P.X .

yToep>K.uae-r, 'ITO

Y~I CJ I O 11pe1'op~lC'l tJC KHX

B l<OHue u pas-

sceil HranHH. 51cHo, '-ITO AsrycT crapan-

roHH3Ma MClK.llY nperopHBH,U3MH It Hace-

KoropT pas JH JHOCb .n.esH nt.

Cll KaK JI.IOlKHO WHpe 110Ka3aTb C80.l0 MOillb.

JICHHC~i ropona, rsap.lle?'wbr s cTe!-lax ro-

neHtll! ABrycra 6brJ1 11 C<~OpM 11 pOBaHbl rp u

.nuza cocmoMa 111 peJHozo

eepxa. cme~h KU U 11000Ul6bl. COeOlllleHHbiX (JNecme CO· I!OJICNb/;HU i!6030JIA'IU C 60JibU!LWU W}lfi/11((/Mll. Bepx KCuwm JmtmypoewJa!ltfl c no;lfOUJbiO KO:JICauozo peJ.tewKa. Kcu111zu 6bt.IIU CmCIJIOapmHOLi 60ellftOU o6y6bl0 HallpOmfiJ/Cemtu nep6blX oeyx eeKO(J om PX B 11/IOXVIO nozoiJy conoambl u ,IILIPflbte J/CIIflle.W .HOZJIU IIOCIII!lb 11/l(l!l{ C KWIIOUIQHU.ll. !l.flauf unonwa.queancR 113 cp1•6ou Ule(ICIIIJIIIOii 111KWnt U H03bi<1CL?Cfl pael/ll[a. Mo3auKu u ljJpeC!m noKaJt>t!Jet/Om, •11110 II.•WU(U 6bt!lu .}lcenmo-Kopu<me60zo WJeiiiO. rfnau1 tazomtm.wewtcR u3 WtJtonoco gycKa tiiK{llt/1. JfuJit;Wifl KpOAIKQ 11//CIUICf 6bUta ZOpii.JOfi/IICUiblfOU, XOtnfl ,~/OZJ/a 6otfllb ll 30KPJlfi€HHOti. Kan10woH 6b1KpaueaJtCfl omoenbnO u noiJwtt6CIJ1CJI. " WWUIY· 3acme..;uea,1CII JlR{IIIJ 0111 Ulell 00 cepeOUIIbl ~py OU na ~.:piOIJKu ruw nyzoeuL{bt. Bcmpe'laRUCb u Jacme.?JcKa na umypKax. Kpy<!llote 11JZOIJU!1bl U3ZOII1G6JIU6({,nt !L3 KOCII1U, 1/;lleHHO nlOKUe nyZ06UI4bl o6tiap)I:JICCIIbt 11.p11 paCI<OnKa.x. floMneu. f0 p0LlCKI1C KOrOpTb.l, KOTOpbJC

IIOJIY'I~IJIII

HOMepa B Ol!HOH nocneJlOB3'lCJlbiiOCTI1 BMeCTe C npeTOpHaHCKHMfl KOf0pT3MI1. MO>t<HO npe.nnono>KHTb, 'ITO 3TO 6biJIH 1 p11 HOBbJC DpeTOp113HCKHC KOfOpTbl, KOTOpb!C CMCfiHJ111 CBOC H3383HIIC H.a rOpO.llCKHC.

Dp11.

Kan11ryne

(37-4 1

r.r. OT

P.X.) wnw .ao-

Kna.sA~'''' ( 41 -54) <mcrr o r<oropr CHooa

12. 8 YfOT nep110.11. n peTOpHUHUbl BnCp8biC

cnrrJro

BKycunu npenecn1 nonesoti cny>K6bJ. noc-

ne CMcpTH AarycTa s 14 r. oT P.X., cro npeeMHHKY TH6epmo npuwnocb noAaBJ\llTb

flpemopuancK/Ie zoapoeiitlbl one CJtYJit6bt (Na'taJtO I o. om P.X.) npe:JJCOe <teN t1 23 z0¢1' om P.X. zeapiJwo fJCICKI3Gf)lllUfJOflCIJ1U (J cnet(UOJII>HO

OfJi!Oitu30· (#IIINI>JX Kcoapwo:, mpu KOzopmbt :JJCZIJ1u e ttacmNotx OOMCL~· no aceMy Pt.tMy, a wecmo ocmllJioHbtX Kozopm 6oum pa36pocaHbl no eceii 11maJIIIII. Bne Clly:JIC6ot npemopuCIIIlfbt BbiZJIJu)eJiu KaK npocmbte :JJcumeJ/u AtHOZOKeapmupHotx iJo,~>~oe Ptwa. 0cNOI3HOit MYJJCC· KOii oiJeJICOOii KOK CO/lOOm. ma~· II /.lllfJHblX JICW71eJlei/ 6ot/IO mynwfCI. :Jmo 6outa wepCmflfi(IR py6axa 6e3 pyK060(J, CUII/fn(JJI 113 OB)'X KJICK08. Ha n/le<IOX W808 HC 6bUIO. a UIU· poKuti pmpn 30KfJbJ601111 c IIOMOtl4biO Jacme:JICeK-¢116)~1. TaKoii tiOKpoii .~tO:J/CitO 30.Memumo Ha il-tH.OZOIJUC/IeHHI:JIX CJ<.V!Ibnmypax mozo epe.Meuu. Hanprwep, 8 cz1eHe npoKJ100tw oopozu NO 1<0!/0f/He TpCifiH(I 6110/W, •uno myiiUKCI eucwn 1/(1 00/!0AI fljJe<te, ocma(JJIJlJ/ IJ1110]JJIIO py/(y u nJie<~o IJ{VIIIKO,H o6Ha:JJCeHHbtMu. Se1 noRcnozo peJ.mR my11uKa .MOZ.'/0 caucamo oo cepeouubt uKpi>t, rw o6wuto ee nocww c nosiCO~<t, iJeJJafl CKRaoKy rpoJJCiJmtcKue flut!a NOCUJtu myuwat maK, ~Jmo6bl Kpaii noiJOJln 3aKpb1BllJI KOfleNu, e mo epe.A1J1 KGK y COJIOG/11 noiJOfl myHltKII npUXOOWICR Ha cepeiJu11y 6eiJpa. /l.IIWta mymtKU pe"YJJUf)08WWCb He mOJ/bKO Ha nonce. no u 110 wee. KaK ~ICe zoaopuJIOCb 8btwe, o6bt'JIIbllltf8em myHUKU )' C0;10etm 6bli1 6eJtbllf 1/.JIU ljBerna He6eneHOU tllJ.:0/111. Co11oam mo/OICe l10JICHO 6blll0 onoJHWtlb no coniJamcKQ,~lY noRcNoMy peJ.m/0 (balteus 1/.JIU cigulum miliwre). a n/(/KJ!Ce no cmwamli/.M (caligae). ApxeonozutteCJ.t/le HQXOOKII II Cl<yabtlmypHbte U3o6pa;JJcemiJinoKa3l>I60IOtn, 1.11110 a nepBOLi nono8tme 1 8eKa oo PX. o6ol!l· NO HOCI/,U/ 06C/ pe.Milfl. paCnOJIOJJCe/tHl>IX Kpecm HGKpecm. Ha 00/J0;\1 peJ.me n006eLLW801/· Cfl J\ie<t, a JIG opyzo.M • /(L/1/:JJCO.II. P0WHU 601./IU CjJC/IJHI.ItneJ/b/10 y3KI.IJ\'/U u cua6JICO.QUCb 6pOH· 3Mbtlvlu npfiJICtw,uu. pacnOJtO,?tCeftHbt.Mu a paitotte 6eopa. B'cn noeep;wocmb peJ.tHR o6t>ti.IIIO yKpawa,wcb 6pow.I06bWII NaJ<!laONbtl•tU nnacmuf!Ka.Nw. DnacmuftKu HepeiJt<o onu)eni?I B(}.Jiu •tepJJbiO U/IU nyounu. KaJtuzu ;HO:JJCHO oui)emb flO. MfiOZO<tucn.eHHbiX CK)'flbnmypax. Kpo,He mozo, AlflO:JICeCm80 Kwtuc o6HappceNo 6 xoiJe apxeoJtOctl'tecKux pacKonOJ<. Ka4

MJITe>KH, BCObiXHYBWIIC Ha Peiiue fl 0 naHHOH1i11. fn.aBHYIO pOn b B MJITe>KC Hrpamt nerHOHbt, l<OTOp bre noTpe6oea1111 ce6e r aKHX >l<C Dp3B H npHBJ1 J1Cfi-1H, 1(1.\K ftMH nonb30BaJlaCb npeTopHaHCKall raap.n11».

n aliHOtlHIO OTnpaBI111Cll CbiH T!16Cp11lT .[tpy3 B COnpO BO>KJlCHHH .llBYX npeTOpHaHCKfiX KOfOpT, rrpeTOpHaHCKOM KO HH~IUbl H repMaHCKHX TenoxpaHHTenei1. MliTe>K 8 fepMallHH oo.nasmw naCbiHOK Tu6epHll, nonyyuew.H.a npo3efrw.e fepMauHK. no.naRH.R Mne>K, fepM3HHK BTopr·cJt 8 fepMaliMIO, npo,((Ofl>K3ll 60CBbiC ,!lCHC'I BMll 6 TC· 'fCHHC Jl8YX DOCJlC.l\)'IOLI!HX HC'I. He MeHee ea>KIIbiM, I.JCM poeT l.JHCJleH HOC.'TH npeTOp.HaUCKOii I'Uap,lliiH IMJ11 HC· 00Jlb3083H11C ee 8 60CUb1X nerTCTBHliX, CT3· JlO B03BbllllCfH!C upccjleKTa

flyHHSI 3mtll

Cel!Ha, KOTOpbli'i craJJ nepBbtM npecpeKTOM, .!lOraJJ.3BWHMCJI 3JIOYII0Tpe6HTb cny'lKe6-

HbiM tlOJlOii<CJfHCM. C'rall llpe(jleKTOM np11 AsrycTe BMCCTe CO CUOHM OTUOM, nocne CMepTw HMnepaTopa CeJtlf CTa!l ettH HOnH4HbiM KOMaHJJYIOllliiM raap.llH 11. Ces~t-r n:o 611JJC ll Toro, •no6bf uce npeTop~raHCK He Ko-

i\1/oiJeJtb nazep11 npemopuaHcKoii uJapiJuu, auiJ c 1oza (Ha'lano

IV a.).

Kupllu•tHbte cmeHbt .rw zepH, ao3aei>eH.ttble 6

1 aeKe,

no3onee

60tunu 6 coCIIW6 zopoiJcKttX yKpenumeniJII.btx coopyJH:eHtlll u coxpaHu.rtUCb oo twwux OHetl. Tenepb 3a HU.MU pacnoflauwm cR aoettHIJIIi l(lfJUIIJOfl zopoiJa Pu11ta. BuympeHUflfl ttnamtpoaKa nazepn i)ana npeOIIOJtoJH:ume.JtbHO. OiJuoJua•mo .MO.Jit no zoaopumb numb o pacnon o:)lceuuu oayx:mw:m·ftbl...'l: Kmap,ll, ocmamKu fjJyHiJaMenma KomopbtX coxpamtnttCb oo HUUt.ux i'meii.

roptbi 6b0m co6paHbi s HOBOM narepe 1-1a xonMe 8HMHHane. J13-3a MOUlHOH noAQep)f(KH co CTOpOHbi rsap.nei1uea, CeJtHa yJKe He11b35l 6biJJO npocro r aK orpewl1th or .uomi<Hocrw. Cbi H TH6eptHl - .[lpy3 - He mo6~UJ CestHa. Korna nocne CMepTH repMaHHKa a 19 r. or P.X . .[lpy3 cran e.UHH· crseHHbiM HaCJJe}lHiii<OM TH6epH5l, CeSlH npeJlnpHHlln pe w wrenbHble Mepbl. .[lpy3 6blfl orpaaneH co6crseHHOH }KeHow, see CTOpOH H11 KH .[lpy3a TaJOl<e 6b!Jll1 yMeplllB· neHbJ. nocne JToro CellH Ha'!an y6e)f<.natb TH6epHst c.uenaTb ero CBOHM Hacne.UHH· KOM. OH y>I<e no'ITH .nocrJ.Jr csoew uemt, Kor.na 8 3 I rotty 3arosop pacKp&InH H CeJTH 6wr Ka3H eH. l!ro6&t ycHllHTb caoH no3HU.HI1, Cell.H y6eAHJl TH6epHll nocrpoHTb npetop11aHcKHe Ka3apMbi s ropo.11.e, r}.'(e MO>KHO 6b!Jl0 6bl co6patb BCI{) rsap.D:HIO. TaKHM o6pa30M TH6epHH npespanm nperopHaHci<ytO

r8ap.QH!O 8 MOJJ.Woe 6oeaoe cpopMHposaHHe. CKopee acero no :now npHl!HHe rep 6oM r8ap.DJJH CTaJJ C!<OpnHOH - rep6 caMo ro TH6epHS1. llpeTopHaHCI( HH narepb (Castra Praetoria) CreHbl nar epll., nocrpoeHHbJe a PMMe B 23 r. or P.X., coxpaHnnHCh .no Haumx nHei1. Ocrarr<lf ce8epHoii, 80CTOlffiOH H

Ce6epHaR cmeHa Jtazepn npemopuaHCKOti zaapi)uu. ropuJOfi11WJI bllllfl l paltlt lj{l KJWOKu o6oJHa•wem ypoaeHb nepaona•wJtbHblX cmen, aoJaeoennbtX 11pu Tu6epuu. lloJOnee Clltefly HaiJcmpOtl!lu, a a

271 zooy tiK!IIo•wJtu a cocma6 mmutt Aapenun. O«OH'lameJtbllbtii 6UO cmeHa npuo6peJta 6

IV aeKe om P.X, npeonono.?lcu-

meJtbUO ttpu tumepamope Mtt«ceumuu.

IO)!(t~OH creH pacoonaraiOTC51 Ha BHMHHane. .Uo CHx nop crpoeHIUI narepll Hcnonb3YJOTC51 s KaYecr ae Ka3apM. 3ana,nHall cr eHa, KOtopa51 Haxo.uHnacb sHyrpw nepHMer pa Bcula Aspenmt, 6btna B 312 ro.uy cpbtta KoHCTaHHIHOM. CreHbJ OKpy'lKatOT TeppHTOpHIO nnowa!lbiO 4YTb 6011ee 17 reKTap, YTO COCTaBJJ!leT OKOJJO ilBYX rpereJ:i OT llllOUla;lH ctaii.UapTHOro nonesoro narepll pHMCKoro nerHOHa. TeopeTHlreCKH narepb 6I>m paCCliHTaH Ha 4000 YenoseK. O.n:HaKo

U3o6pa:J1CeH no o6pa3/.IY, o6napy.J!CeHJtOAt)' 1100 PeuHZOH.Xei'i.ltoAt. P.J'KOJI../ItKa Ate•ta. oepeBRHI1aJI c cepe6pRuou omiJe;txoti. Ho:JICIIbl 6pOH308bte, QIIQJIOZU'IHbiU o6pa3et/ HaiioeH noo r:l>y!IX(!,lfOM. CoAoamc:Kuii KIIHJICC/J/ tMteem :JtCe!leJH)'/0 pyKoflmb, UJeKu KOmopoii. llj)UK/IellGHbl I( X80CIIl06liK)' KJIU/lKQ. l<onoe aoccmwwr:me1w no ,wwzO'IIIC'7.e~tllbt,~t o6pa3t1GA·t, IUlUOeHHbiJ\1 no IJCeii

Eepone. ,an.uuHol.u JICeJ/e3N.oni HGt(OIIe•tHUK K!le!IKGMU npuKpenneH I( KON)'C006pa3NO.MJ Oepe6fUIHOM)i opeery. flpu y()ape 0 UJWn npomU6NUI;a, opeeKO KOnM 1100/IUMbi(J(/.1/0Cb U C6UCCIAO 6Htl3, 3C/CIIIC/6JIJIJI ttpOmtt(J-

Pni)oaoiJ npemopuaue11 u l(eHtnyptwu c ttoxoi)e (Ha•tfliiO I 8. om P.X.) Uemn.vpuou pa3i?06apu6Clem c MO,JOOblA1 npemopuam.(eAt, CIIIORUJIW 8 Kapayne 6Hympu. 3eAt/IJIIJOti HOCbmu no nepu..~o-~empy noResozo nazepJI. Pu.cyuOK omuocumcn K nepuooy 1wxooa fJ,eJ(Jj)Jl rep.AWHliKG 6 rep,waH.U/0 {J4-f6). 31<LJI1UjXJ6KG U306p(QI(;e/la 1/0XOJ/Ceit HG fnY, '11110 ,\10:)/CflO auoemb HG O!lmape ..ao)I{Ul.(Ull AzeNo6ap6a, oamupye\1(1\1 1(0Ht{O.M e Oo PX Y'lmeltbl. noc.Jleouue apxeoliOZU'Iecl<ue oamtble, omNOCRUJuecn 1< onucbuiaeAtOMJI nepuooy. 06a eoww Hocn.rn wlle.Mbl -MOumeqJopmuuo, noece.Mecmuo pacnpocmpauemtble e mo ape.tv/JI. Y 11eumypuoua Wflf!,H n.YJtCeH.btu. Wlle~tbt yoep:J1Cll6aJomcn 11a zoRoae KOJICOHbiMU p e;HeiUK(!J\IU, 3C1KpenneHHb/.A1ll OOHUAt KOHlfOJ~I HQ 3CIInblJlbltUKe, a opyzu,1t C(/fl:JGflltbiJHU iJpyz C Oj))'ZOA1 )' noiJ6opoiJKa. rpe6Hu 113 KONCKOi?O IIOJIOta 3C11<penn.ellbl C ll0JI10UJI.>IO tumblp.R., 6CI1W6fleHHOZO e omeepcmue 6 •wutKe tWlf!Jita. Y npocmOi?O cwtoama zpe6eH{> 6enbtli, y llenmypuoHa 6btKpawen 6 Kj)OCHbal l!(fem. T,yHuKa t1e11mypuoNa maJotce J<pacIIOZO !iflema. KpacHafl OOfr.JICOO u oema!l!l 3K!IIlllj)06KU 0603/IQifaJ/!1 eoeHG'IG!lbltU/<0(/. floeepx myHUKtt HaOema KO!lo'lyza c OOI10flHLiflleJibflbiM KO!lb'I)':JICHbllrl o/1/le<tbeJW. Bo3J.10JICHO, 1100 KOJib'lJZY nonoema OOIIOJIHUmeJ/bflaJ/. cmecaHafl py6axa. 011//e'lbfl. rjJUKCU pyiOtnCfl Ha zpyou C llOJIWUfhiO 06)'X 30K.fi€110K L1 l/30211)'/IIOU nfl{ICJntlflbl U3 J/Cefle:JQ UflU

6pOHJbl. flooo61tbte 3aC/IU!JtCI.:U 6 H€1<'0tnOpOM KO/ILI'l€Cm8e HllliOellbl B XOOe paCKOIIOK. flOJICfiO/t pe.MeHb oeouftOii, pe.IIH/1 pacnOIIOJIC€/Ibl Kpecm- HaKpecm. Ha -OOH0;\1 j)eJ.tHe nooaeweH Ate'l, Ha opyZOJH - KIUIJ/CWI. KaK nOKa:Jbl(JU/0111 apxeO!lOZtt'leCKUe HllXoOKll, opy:JIC/le nooeetuU(;!a!lOCb HQ 06)'X pettetuKilX, npooembl.X '1epe3 OBG KOflb/.la. Ha Haozpo6HblX CllfG111)1JI.X 6UOHO, 'llnO COJIOGII!bl HOCWtu .Ate'l ua llj)GlJOAt 6oKy, a KOAIGIIOIIj)bl - Ha .lle60At. Kwo1caJ1 eucen. JiG npomu6onoli.OJ/CHOii cmopone. Mett conoama peKoncmpyupoean no o6pmt(.y, o6Hapy:>tceHHOAf)' Ha Peii.He 6 pai:loHe MaumjG. M e11 uMeem xapaKmepHbtU ocmpoKO/Ie'INblli KJIWiOK U KOCmf!H)'IO pyt<ORmKy. JiOJ!Cilbl npeiJcmalJRJII0/11 co6oii 6p01-1306blU /Wj)KGC c oepeefltiftOU o6tuU6KOU. floeepx oepeea )'IIO:J/Cell CJ10U KO:JICU. Me'l tfeHmypuoHa

HUKG 6pocumb LtfUm. IJ.J.umbt eoccoJoaHbt no uGpa3tfY, HGuOeHHOMY 603/le <PaJOAta (J:>unem). HeKOmOpble KOfiCmpyKnlli6Hbte OenlfUI!I 1'103atUICIYI(/0(/Qflbl y ufuma 11/eeKa, naiioeHnozo 6 Cupuu. <PaJOMcKui'l Ufum coe~~a11 u1 mpex CJIOe6 oocoK, o6mRuymblX aoiiAoKo,lt. B cepeouue UM€€111CJI OrJC/J/bHbiU oepe8Jlllltblli )';116011, '1epe3 KOmOpbtU C HGp)'JICIIOit C1110p0Hbl. npoxoiJIJtn eepmuKa,lbllbttl zpe6eHb. flo;w6uii, nucarJwuti. eo If eeKe oo PX zoeopum, 'lmO UfUTnbt o6mnzueaflttCb KOJ/Ceu UJ/!1 napycuHoil. Cupui~CKI/U tL{LI/11, oerlcm6Utnellbfl0, 61:>1A o6mn11ym IW:Jtcet1. Kpax UtUIIIC/ OKO(JC/Hbl 6p OH30ll Jf.ocmozmcm60 14emnypuo11a no,~IU.Ato KpacNOu mymii(U u Kpacnozo zpe6wt. Ha Ul!lf!JtU! o6oJNa•tatom ezo nOHO:Jtcu (,r:onm ux ,uoi'fltt HOCUmb He mO!lbKO 14efltl'l)'j)tiO/Ibl). C/ maK;>~Ce cmeK U3 6Uit0ZpaOIIOU ll03bl. Jif3o6pm1CeHuR 110 j)IWCKti.X i?p0611lllf(JX, a mm:JICC OOW€011111(! 00 ltaC o6p034bl tiOKOJbi(JGIOm, 'UnO OitU Kpenli/IUCb C 1/Q,HO!I{h/0 KOJICGHbt.X p(!;l1etuK06, Q 11e 3G.?ICI!JifOJIIII, /(OK noHO:Jtcu cpetteCKOZO o6pa3tfO. U311ympu nOHOJICU 06bt'lHO UJI/f!JW KOJICUIIJIO 1100KflGOK)l. Amnu'IHI>te aomopbl •temKo yKa3bleaJOm Ha mo, Ymo cmeK u3 ouuozpaon01i li03bt 6wt cnef111Mbllb/..M CliMfJOJio,w llenmypuoHa U OerypuOHC/.

BHyTpH nepHMeTpa CTeH 06Hapy>KeHbl Clle,£U.J JlBYX3Ta)KHbiX KaJapM, KOTOpble HHKOf,D,a He scrpeYa.nHCh s noneBhi X narep$1X. Ilo3roMy nperopHaHCKiiH narepb snon11e MOr BMeCTI1Tb H 12000 'leJIOBeK. CreHI>I TM6epJHI 6btJJH nocrpoe1~bt H:l r<aMH~ H OT,!leJJaHbl l<paCHblM l<t~p0 11LIOM. BI>1cora creHbt cocrasmma Ot<ono 3,5 MeTpoll . .II.o CI.{X nop BH.UHbt cneD.h• aM6pa.1yp H BaJiraHTa. Bo speMJJ rpa>K.naHCI<OH soi:iHh/ 69 ro.na or P.X. creHhJ nO.il)"U'UlH noope>K.neHHn H 6bmH orpeMOHTMposaHbi np11 BecnacwaHe (69-79). C-reHa ocrasa.nach HeHJMeHtJOH .no Ha4a.na UI seKa, KOr.ua np11 Kapat<anne (21 l-217) ee Ha.llcrpo~oum . B 238 roey, nocne 04epe.IU{oro nepHo.na rpa>K,IlaHCKOH sowHbl CTefiY BliO.B.b O'IJ)eMO!ffi.I(X>9311H, 3a0AHO yBeJIH'fHB BI>TCOTy 6aweH. B 271 ro.ny HM-

Knaai>tti'i (41-54) 6w1 nepabw u.AmepamopoM, noca:JicetmbtM na mpou npemopuaHcKou zaapi)u u noCJte mozo, KaK :>tcepmaoii npemopuant<ea Cltllllt nJU!.MfiiiHUK Knaaoun - Tau K(lllttzyna. B 43 zooy npemopuaUl{bl conpoaomi>Mu Knaai>un a xoi>e ezo noxoi)a a Aumwo.

TaK fU/JI>t6ae.Mbllt ounno,u - yiiOJI/,uumeJtt,nbul i)Of,Yl•tenm, at.toanw,ui li.MilepamopOM dJwtuttnOftl Apa6oM He6y TyllllUIO, )'110JIUIIUI(!.~tycn uJ 5-u npemopuanCI<'OU Kozopmt>t 7 nttaapR 246 zoi)a. 3mom OOKyMenm cocmown l/J oayx coeOutleHHblX opyz c Opyzo,u 6pouJ06/JIX tl!lacmwl u yoocmoaepnem t/JaKm noflnOti ilbtCllyzu a cocmaae npemopuaucKou zaapouu. (Ananozu<tHIJiti oot<yMeum ilbl0U6QJICJI COltOamaM 6CIIOMOZQ111eJibHbiX 'lUCmeii. nezuonepa,u, flO'li!Aty-mo, OlltiJIOJHa He i>aaa/llt.) j(utiJIOJH Oblll no'lemnbiJif ooKy,uenmo,u. Eouucmaem-IQJI llbzoma, KOIIIOfJYIO o6ecne•ma(IJI ounJtOM, 3UKJIIO'l(IJIUCb B mo,lt, 'LillO no ne,uy npumaa(IJICJI nepBblll 6paK ltpemopumu(a u ace i)emu, 11pumumbte 6 HeM 110/l)''l(IJIU C111Utii.)IC 3UKOHHOfJOJIC0eHHt>IX. TpwtH (98-117) OblllllfJU(IUIIIeJU!JleM Bepxnezo Peima. B 97 zooy ezo ycwtoawt tumepamop H epaa, onaca6umtlcn 3a cyob6y ounacmuu. B TepManuu Tpa11n ctfJopM11fJ06(IJI Konuyto zaapi>tuo, YKOMIIIleKmOaM ee aepHbiJHil JIIOOMIII. BcKope fl(llj(IJIQCb n epaaR J(aKCKQJI 60UHa, 6 XOOe KOIIIO/)Oit Me:m:i)y npemopUUHl(llMU u TpQJin.o.M 3a6.mMacb 6oeaa11 opyJic6a.

Upemopuaue~, tiJlmepamop

KAa6ouii. u mputiyu npemopttaiiCKOti KOl Opmbl. 6 tiJ1111e060pt!e, 43-54 z.z. om P.X. flpemopucmez1 cmown HO ttacax 6 U;lmepamopcKoM 060p!1e, A1UAIO Hezo npoxooJ/m u.«-

pamopCI<O.~t

cum my ;;tee mozy. ttmo u npemopucm4b1, '1111.0 fl00'1€pKU60e171 CZO Ctnam.yc «nep60· zo zpaJJCOaH.utta» (princeps). flo1o11ee tu.mepamopbt Cm{JJW HOettnlb mozu, wumbte JO!IOrnOM, ww 6btKpawenflbte e nypnypNbtii lj6em, 'lm06bl noiJ'IepKHJ mb ceoe oocmQlmcmeo. Cy ulecmr;yem ;lt/I€HUe, •uno oa:>~ee 11 3mom nepuoo Kpatl mozu y u.,unepamopa yKpawafla nypnypnaH nonoca OOHOKO HUKQKUX OOKilJGIII(!JibCIIlfJ 3/l1Q;II_Y Hem. flypnypH)IIO IIOJIOCY HOCILIU HQ 1110cOX OORJICHOcmHbte llllljO tlbtC~Mezo ypo6Hfl. H~~tnepumop JJCe, xomn u MOZ 3GHUMatnb oo.?JJCHOCmb KOncy;w, cmamyca U/11nepc~<ozo 'lUII061fiii<O ft€ UJiteJI. n ep6bte pu,HCI<ue u.H.nepa11IOJ7l>t eU{e cmecHfLn UCb npUC6ClU6011lb Ce6e 3HUKU 00Cin0UitC11UJG, HG KOmOpbte He U.lft'.'IU mpaOutfU0/111020 npaea. OoNOKO no nfle•1y e"o mynuKu npoxooum tuupOKClfl nypnypnaft llOJIOCa (latus clavius), o61Jt'lfWfl Ollft cellamopoa (npaeoe Metto OObl'lfiO 30KjJbl6aJ!OCb mozou). Ha ftOZa.x KJ!a60Ufl ceHamopcKue 6ornuHKII (calcei). EomuHKU 113Zoma(J!IttOaJ/IICb tt3 KpGCHoU WIU YepHOii ,\1fll!o.'OU KOJ/CU II OOXQOUJIU 00 Cl![JeOUHblli.Kpbt. 111lOZOO 1/Q JIOObiJICKe 110JI1f!UfaRCICb 30CIIle:JICKO 11.3 CJ/011060U /(0cmu, U.4teBWaf! c/Jop;uy IIOfiJAtecflt{a {lunula), KOmopafl/llQI<:)!Ce CIIJQICWlQ CIW60J/0111 311GmHOC!l1U. Eomumru c moeott IIOOe6aau mOfii>KO HQ 6fJeA#fl. JGC€0GI1Ufl Ce111lii1G. Tpu6yH maKJICe NOCWtl 6eJiyto mozy noeepx myuw(u, oonaKo nypnypnaf! no,toca na nf/ette y Hezo yJKafl (angus us clavus), '4mO o6o3f1Gt[GJIO nptlHaon e:>ICNOCtn b K COCJ/061110 6caonttKOB. Ha uo2ax y mpu6yna o6bi'IHbZC KO:>Icanbte 6auwaKu {perones), J<OmOpbte HOClJJlU cmapwue eoeHG'I(L:thHIIKU. Bbt2!1JIoRU{Ue 1/l(lKl/.AI o6pa30;11 llJlf:!IIIOfJIIGiflJbl <tGCmO U306pa:>ICOIOIIICJI 1/G pa3J/U'IIIt.IX CK)I.1bnmypub1X peJLbec/Jax, 6KRIO•!GR ny6p-

nepamop u mpu6yn. KaK :>mo 11e nOt<t:IJtCemcfl cmpamtbiJI·t ceil.ttac, npemopuaH!1ol. tta/.tie ecezo nocwtu zpa:>~c oancKyto moey. jl,eJI(I/IOCb :>mo Oml. mozo, ttmo6bt He pC130pO.?ICOmu i!pOJICOOIICIWe fiOCe/l.emte Pw1a. flogpou mozu A•tetttmcn na npomftJtcermu pU!liCKOu ucmopuu, tto 6 onucbtfJaeMbtil nepuoo moza npeocmOBIIfiJta co6oii KycoK ~Mepcmtmoii mrwnu. nepe6powermbtu ttepeJ ne6oe nJte•to. Bmopoii r<OHCI.f mozu nponycKCI/I.Cfl noo npaaou noo,u.ottw<Oii u 'lepe3 CIIUHJ Na6paCbl8CI/I.Cfl fW ;7.e(JOC tl/IC<tO. J/.Mee Kpau ITIOZU 30KOil1bl6aJ!Cil, Cl '111106bl CI<OmKU He pacnOJ/3CI/I.OCb, ezo npuoep:>1cueCI/I.u neaoii. pyKml. Haoeaa.;w mozy c noA·IOUibiO City-

CKzui p€.11becP u apKy KJIQ6011!1.

""· Toza 6bl.Ra OOfJOflbHO neyoo6uoi'i ooeJtcOOll. Oua cUAt60!lt13upotJCI./IO co6ou pu.McKoe lpa:>1Coaucm60, u ee uoctl!lu mORbKO no mopJ1Cecm6eflltbi.M CllJ'IOJw. fluutb cenamopbl xoou..w 6 moza.x nocmOJ/.fmO. flo:JmOMy ooemble 6 mozu npemopttaNijbt om<~emAutJo 6bZoeJIRJWCb U3 1110/lllbl. flpemopuaHef.l Nocum mozy no6ep.x o6blwtOii 6enozl myuuKu. Ha 1102ax ezo KWiuzu, H.a npa60M 6oKy moza monoputumcfl. om pyKOflmKII Mella. DocKOJ/bKY conoambl 6bwtacKu6(1;W .Mett npaeori pyKoii oeu:>~ceHue..« 6nepeo '' 6HI/3, moza 11011mu ue Mewa.na H.eJ.1e0;1CHHO 60CnO/lb306am~.>cft Op)Y.JICUCJo• 6 CJiy'lae neo6xoowtocmu. Tpu6yu. KGK fJOeHG'I.CI./IbHUK, oon:JtCeN tiOCI/mb A~e~~ ua neeoM 6ot<y. D o'3mOAty e,11y, 11m06bl oocmamb Jlt€'1, npwunocb 6vt npocoet,team& pyKy 1.1epe3 aRaoJ<u mozu. J1Mn eparnop K!laeou£/. NeOJ/CUOOHHO 0//fl Ce6fl CGMOZO OKG30JICR pu,wCJCUJ\1 U.Mnepamopo,w. noCJ/e y6mlcmea KaRU2)1;1bl, npuxoouewezocfl eMy MeounwmKo;u. CBemOtmu zoBOp um, •tmo K/laaomi <<6wt BbtCOK u xopouJo cno.?!CeH. £zo npu11mnaJ1 ceiJaR zo!loBa cuiJena na KpenKOzi ltlee. f tO C!la6bte nozzt oeJ/aflu ezo noxoiJ1<y NeyaepeHHoil». Knaeouii 1-10-

Ty KYPTHHbi yaenH•Jlifi.H Ha cron br<O, '!TO

neparop AspemmH oKpy>t<Hn PH M MOW.HbiM11 CTeH3MH, KOTOpblC COXp31Hifi.HCb .Ll.O H3WHX .uHeJ:i. OreHa AspenHaHa npoxoAHJJa MMMO

npero pr~aHcKoro

narepn, Tar< 4TO

CTeHbl narepn COCT3BHJIH CO CTeHOH

As-

peJJW3H3 e.UMHOe uenoe. TipH 3TOM BblCOOH3 nO<iTH Cp3BHllfi.3Cb C 6awiHIMH, H3.D.· crpoeHHI.IMI1 s

238 roAy.

KpoMe roro, cre-

H.OI nony•HIMI HOBble 3y6Ubl H 6a w HH.

0Kono 310

ro.na HMnepaTop MaKceHTHH

33SepWHfl CTpOHTenbCTSO CTeH, COOpy.UHB HOBble napaneTbJ s O')I(H,AaHHH oca,nbr ropoAa MJJTe')I(HHK3MH. 0.AH3KO BhiCOKHe CTeHbl He cnaCJIH MaKceHTHJt ~~ KoHcTaHTHH 33HSUL PuM oocne 6 HTBbi npH MHJTbBHaHCKOM MOCTY 8

3] 2 roay.

8CKOpe KOHCT3H-

THH pac nycnw np e-rop HaHCKytO rsao.nHtO li pa3 pyW~IJ'I 3anaAHYIO CTeHy, OT,ll.eJUI B-

WYJO narepb or ropo.ua.

OpraUJnau•n• f-'aK Mbl ylKC fOK0pHnl1, ABryCT H34aJJ CBOC npa811CIIIIC, H\1C& 110.11. co6oit neasn 1> nperopHaHCKHX KOropr. a 3aKOII4111l ero, .noaellll 'IHC110 KOrOp r .LlO .LlBCHa.D.UaTH, Tpll H3 KOTOpblX 8

P.X.

ro.ny Ces!H

6bJnH nepenen.eHbJ a pa3pl!Jl ropOJJ.CKIIX. B

fO.IJ.Y OT

D.06HJ1C.A TOro, 4T06bl BCC npCTOpH3HCKHC KOI'Opll>l 6bll111 C06paHbl a narepc. V1cropuK J1 coo6waJOT, 'ITO so epcMeJHJ ran KanHrynbt HllH Knau)lJtn 4HC110 KOropr CHOsa ysemt•JHilOCb .llO .nseHa.nuarH. BwTemtH .noecn 'IHCJlO n pero puaHCKHX Koropr no wecTHa.D.U3TH, Opt-! )TOM paC<jlOpMHpOBaB CT3pblC .O.C8llfb KOfOpT 8

roAy, a 8

I'OAY BecnacuaH CHOBa COKpanm ' IIICJ10 KOrOpT AO

.aes~tTH HaKOHCU, Cblli BecnacwaHa .llo'IHUI!aH

(81-96) c<Pop~m

posan llCCRT)'IO K0f0p1)', H 8 Ta((OM BHJlC npcTOpnaHCK3SI reapAU!! npocywccrsosana 6onee seKa noKa ee He pac¢opt.~Hposan KoHCTaH 1IIH H a'lllllall co

2 r. AO P.X., r sap.nmo B03rnaBJlSI1lli .D.Ba

HJlH O.llHH 11pCQlCK1", OAH3KO OT.!J.eJ!bHble KOropTbl C0Xp3Hl!JlH HCKOTOpylO asTOHOMiiOCTb H ynpa8Jlll1li-1Cb rp~•6yHaMH. TpH6YHY 110.llYHHU11Cil rJUlRHbiH UCHTypHOH, H33hiB3BWKltCR TpCUC113pHeM, KOTOpbtH I<OMiiHAOBan o6Mlf l1b1Wt u.eHrypHOII3MH. Kmi<AbTH ueHrypt10H eo;rnaunRJI ucHrypHIO, KOTopaH aou peKH H33BaHnfo Ha C'IHTbJBana HC CTO, a TOJlf>KO

80 'IC1108CK

liHCJlCHHOCTb kOrOpThl TO'IHO He 113BCCTH3, KpoMe TOro. OH3 KOne6anacb s TC'ICHHe opeMeH~I.

paHHCM ncpuo,!le He coxpa-

HHJlOCb HltK3KI1X con.1.e-renbCT8. MO)KHO mtwb npe,o.nono>K~tTb, 'lTO npcTOpHaHCKall Koropra opraHH30Bbleaqacb no roiiJKe cxe-

Map~< A apeJ~uii

~1e, 'ITO H KOropra 6oesoro n erKoHa. To eCTb coCToHna lt3 weCTJ.t

u eHrypHH no

Taum coo6tUaJl,

'lenoeeK

H acq~nbleana OKono

500

munomm,

4enooeK.

•rro npH BHTCJlJlHft nperop~13HCKaSI xoropra era-

Cblfl J(u.oKJiemutma 11 COIIJ1111i lltneJib

'MttKCUJtlltal/a, [/pemopuanu,bl 60JtJeJIII Mm:cemlll/11. 11a mpo11 trOCJU mozo, 1<a1< IIJ lipumauuu 1w PUJII c BOttcK().,)/ OIIIIIJ'llCJI KOIICifl(l /11111111. ffpem OJJUblll!bl OCm uJIIICb tJI!fJIIbl C6Qell)1 101111!-

pamopy

oo KOIIU,ll u (l.;uecme trOZIIfi1u /Ill JltlitbBueao." .)IOC111J~

Koncmaumtm Be.mKIIil

(306-3 7), paJou~tuuu ttpemopuauchy/0

uJapou to J' MuJtbiJIIeoa AtOCma, a Jame.~~r pllctjJop.1111J10Baomuti y t(l!! /eOIIIIIC I<OUJ(J/IIIJI II CJ1bl81tiii U ttpemopuaii CKIIIi

ffo1i>nee

KoiiCIIrf/111111111

cfjJopAtupotJa.t colicmae11nyto

.tazepb.

zaapowo. 9

-------

UCIIIOjJIIIO III CJI11 <liiiO 60"1p0011JI K0 /11/0C lljJIIOCIII CIII61/e -

QCKIIIIYIIIY IO

(306-3 12),

flflJullmHIIK ceii•tac cmoum 110 Ka-

JWZCjJJI K0/1/tOti tMtll epamopcKoii zaapo11u. Mapt( Aap eJ1u1i 60UteJI

MaKcellmmi

(161-180).

110 llfJCJICOe pa:LtteU.(UilCII 110 meppumop1111 11epaozo

611CpC0 pyt<y.

IKa Ate<w omoenatw cepe6poN. H O.?IC/11>/ 01<060/lbl 6pOH10ll U yKpaUteHbl 6p011306bl,\lll HaKJlaOKWIIi. Bee 6po11JOa~>J e oem(IJJ/1 llYJICeHble. Wup01<111i oowtaJHII>Iti IIOJt.CHOti pe,uem, nocmeneHHO BbtmecnJt/1 oeotiuou Kpecmoo6p03flblli. PeMeHh oeKypuOH(I yKpaweH li)>J/CeHbl/1/ll 6pOH101Jbi.AIU pOJet/IKO.AtLI, IJOUieOltlli.MII 6 .At~V 60 61110/)0Li 1107081/He I (JeJ<a. TaKue yKpawemtfl o6HapyxeHbt Ha 110!1CUOAI pe.Aifl€ CQ,10GIIl0, IIO~u6we ZO 80 «pe.Am uJeep:JtceuuR 8 e3)'flllfl e 79 zooy. CmeK UJ (JUHOl/)00/IOLi /103bl 0603/IG1{(/etn cmarnyc oeKypuoHa.

------------~

Ha HaC'!HTbiBaTb .llCCl!Tb UCHT)'p11H n o <teJlOBCI<, TO CCTb JlOCTI1fJ13

1000 'ICJTOBCK

'l~ICJleH~IOCT~J

11 no ceoei:J crpyKType cra-

na coOTIJCTCnJoearb ncpaoi1 Koropre 6ocaoro JTCI'fiOHa . ,[lHOH c:lHll XpOHI1'1 110 yTBCp)l(ll3CT, 'ITO npH A erycrc npcropHCJHCI<aa raap.UHll COCT0)!JI 3 H3 ,UCCHTH KOfOpT 11 11aC'IHTbll3aJ13

I0000

•1enooeK. C Ko pee oce-

ro, 011 o nt·ICaJt coopeMe llHy to eMy (r<a neu

U.n.

P.X.)

crpyKrypy rnnp.llHH, oruecSJ

ee l303HHI<HOBCHHe KO epe Me tJaM Aor yc ra . AHaJlH3 .llCM06~-tmoaul-tO IIH &r x cnHcr<oo fi03BOJ111CT 33KIIl0LJ HTb, 'ITO 00 BpeMeHa KoMMO.lla

(J 87-188)

IHIH Cc1m1MHH CcBe-

pa ( 193-2ll) npeTOpHaHCl<3Sl KOropra ua C'IHT&Iaana

1500 qenoDeK.

B epOl!THO, 'IHC-

110 KOrOpT 6&1110 y,aBOCIIO ~I JlOCTI1f110

20.

TaKHM o6pa30M, M.bl MOlt<CM oueHHTb •nlc11eHHOCTb npeTOpH3HCKOH roapJ.lltH B

4500-6000

'lenoseK np1o1 Asryc-re,

'IC1IOBCK npH BuTCJ1JliHt, npH BecnacH.aHe,

7200

12800

'ICJlOBCK

8000 ttenoaeK s

nep 1-1011

or ,lJ.oMHUHaHa AO KoMMOlla IIJIH Ceocpa. 11

I5000

TenoxpaHum eJI IJ 11 OeKypuo N o mpi1iJa zep;lta/ICKIIX m eJioxpanumeneii, nepu o() npaaJieHIIR 1/epOIIll,

54-68 2.2.

0111 /~X.

B 6onee 003AHCC BpCMSI.

EonblUHH CTBO nperopHaHues 6binO newH.MH BOH1i3MH., xOTll s cocras rsap.llHH

EblQU/Uli 21/GOuamop. HG::JHatlefllfbllt na OO!I:JtCHOCntb iJeKypuoHa, Of?J7Gem 6blloeop pniJo80,\IY me.wxpwwme·uo. Co6bunun npoucxoonm Na nJWlfY (palaestra), pfloo;u c 6aHfiMU e Heano,1e, Kyoa •wcmo mo6uJt naeeabuWmbcf! H epoH. 06JliU< i!ep;ltaHCKLIX meJtoxprmume!leti 8 1/e!IOM uJeecmeH 6nazooapR .MoHeme, om'lel<a HeHHOii 60 BfJI?Jlteua Hepoua. Ha Heii meJioxpanumeJtu u:Jo6pa:JJCeHbl c Mel/G;IW u wmanoapmcMtu, HO 6e3 00CI/e.X06. Jl.aoe 113 meJIOXpC1HUfiii?Jl€U U306paJICeHbl C OI<JlGOIICtnbiJWU 6opOOQ.MU, KOmOpbt€ MOZJI/1 110Cllll1b mO/IMO zep;~.tC/HCKlle eapeapbl. 8blCOKUii pbl:JICe«OIIOCblii zepMGH€1/ ooem 8 mynuKy, flllatl.l u /(Q/IIIZ/.1. TyHUKQ 3G'LIJenneHa no 6oKa.At, •uuo npuoaem ee nooony nony~;pymyfO ¢opMy. TaK HOCww myHuKy pu;ucKue 80/IHbl 8 cepeOul/e I 8eKa om P.X ([oOo6Hble oemCIJUI Oml/e/IIJIUBO (JU0Hbl I-ta JI10Heme II 11a zpo6Hutta..r nezuonepo8. omHOCJUqtacR 1r: mo;wy nepuoi)y. J]eotm01.'i noflcHoii pe;.·teHt> yKpa tuen 6poH106biA111 n/lacmuHKG.MII c <~epHbfO. Ha neeo.~t 60K)I K pe.ltH/0 nooeewen "-Ufi:JtCCIJI c 6pOH3080tj pyKOJ/mKoii. a Ha npaso;~~ 60K)I - ;lte'l-a10ouii noJ.meiicKo2o muna. Me<~ rweem t<IIUHOK c napMIIeJlbllbWU KpOMKa.-lw. lloMneiicKuii ,we<~ 6btmecHwt Mel/ MaiiNifCKozo numa. HOJICHbl 0K080Hbl 6p01130ii II yKpaweHbl 6pOH308biMU II{JJ(JlGOKaMU, IIGJlO.')tCeHHoiMU noeepx KOJICGHOU o6um61\1t. et~ypuou ua MOl/erne cmoum no1aou w.mepamopa. OH 110cum eoeHnblil n11mq-cazy.M,

o6bi'INbtli OJtJ/ KOHHIII<06 u eoena<tQ/IbHUK08. Ha Haozpo6nwx na.-11J/IIIHUKax ,ltOJICHO paJZJmoemo. •ono nnau1 10KCl/lbt6CIJtu y u~eu Kpy211ou 3GKOJ!Katl. a 800!lb ntOICHeZo KpaR 110/lbt uwa 6a.xpo.Ma. Kpacnbnl 1J6em myHuK'u u 1ma~qa euoeu 110 MOJauKa.x u uacmeHIII>I.X pucyiiKOX mozo (fpe.Menu. /(eKJ!puon Ha. AWHeme eoopyJtCen OllUHHbiM Ka8aneputiCKUM Ate'tOM-cnarnoii. auCJ!U(UA1 Ha neeo.tt 6oKy (38aNue oeKJ!puona, o6wmoe 0/IJI. KG6MepwlcKllX •tacmetl, maK:Jtce ucnOJib308ClJtOCb u e ompnoe KOHHbiX meJioxpaHurne;teu). PyKOJim.-

BXO.lll-111 HCOOJJbWOH KaBanepHHC!<HH orpH.D. Hao.mtcH no3BOJIRIOT 3aKJIIOYHTb, 'ITO npaBO Ha CJIY>K6y BC3JlHHKOM JICI'HOHCp nony<m11 nocne n$1Ht JJCT cny)f(6bt B nexore. HOMH H3JibHO TaJ<HC COJI.ll3Tbl ' l i1CmJJJHCb B COHCJ<aX npe)f( ~JHX UCHTypHii, HO ACKCTBOOaJIH, 06M.UHHHB WHCb 8 TypMbl 110

YCJJOBCK 8 l<3)f(,QOH n OJl I<OM3H.llOB3·

HHeM onuHSI 3KBHTa. O .nHa ~13 Ha.unuceH

(CIL V1 32638)

coo6w.aeT, 'ITO OAHa Typ -

Ma npHXO.l(I1JI3Cb H3 ABC UCHTypHH, TO CCTb s n epHO.U a11rycra KOropTa pacnonarana

I-ll 8.8. B KOBIll 8CKC YH CJIO

TpCMll TypMaMK, 8 nepuO,ll I'O!)'I'e 6b1Jl0 OJ!Tb

TypM,

rypM ao3pocno .no

10. B HMOtiCI!x TaKlt<e

ynOM11H310TCII BCKCH11llp11H :'lKBHTbl, TO CCTb KOHHbiC 3H3MeHOCL{bl, KOTOpbtC ,ueplt<3ntt BCKCtiJIJliOM - WT3 H.ll3pr. fsapAHJf TaiOKe BKJlfO<Iana n ce6l! 311HrapHbli1 KOHHbiH OTpll.ll, H3BeCTHbiH KaK speculatores Augusti, KOTOpble 6brnH KOHHbJMI1 r enoxpatmreMtMH HMneparopa. <J)opMa11bHO 3TH JliOJ]I1 Ta!OKC YHCJ111J111Cb

.1CIIIIW'IIIblli pe.lbeqJ 11a apKe KoucmaHmliHa, uwiJpaJICli/Qll4tlli lliOI!.Ib IIJ11!111Uplll11114f!tJ 11(1 pJ'XH)'fJtUe.U i 11UJtbiJIII!tJO..II .Hat:my OKIIIJIOfJJI

312

~oi>a. Kpyz.1111e tuafjJoHbl uafJepxy coJOUIIbl 111

pe.ll>eqJOa r;pe.11e11 TpaRIIa.

fly6pCKUit pe.m,ep, KOIIIliJ1blli1 Kill.; llfiJIO?fli0/11 1 [IOJ.!f,ll!ll~fl,7CR 11(1 apKe Knaaoun (51?. om P.X). Hau6o;~ee 6btp01umeJtbiiOe u.Jo6paJtcemte npemop ttallt(etl. H u.11t'IIJ1Jr IIO!lt>fluua t<pa tiHe Jleaoii qu u y p 1>1 Obllllt ceJ11•LYJito II IUJpeJtct)e/la u ompecmu6pupoaaua cp a61111111eJ1biiO ller)cwllo. A lllllltt •teCKite ume;ttbl - .FCliOB/Ioe o6o-

111o'tellue

llpl!IIIOfJit(I/II(CB,

;llb/ 11pemoput111t4bl

6 OetiCIIt6111/U!.nb/IOCIII/I IIIUKIIC llll ll!-

IIOCII/111.

Open

11a Jaouem 11.~a11e -

npe-

mopuaucxu ii t11mmeoapm.

liap 6epuuu, Jlwlecmplllltl. P twcKue CMoam w a Emilme IIJ1U6ei11CIIIBJ'IOm Aazycmu, etl(e ue cm a autezo w •meptmwpo,ll. )!amtm poaKa -~ 03aUKll 6bl3tH6tlem CIIOJ1bl . Pa311bte a amopbl llttJbtMuJllttKil

«uom spe.ue11a om ua•1Mll

I 8eKa oo 1((}/ll(a Ill aeKa om P.X. j.(aa

CO/lOama flU IICJIC!OIICM 11/l(tlll! Qnpeo~eH/10 IIJIIIIIUO/Ie:JtCIIIII ll(lt!IIIOpttaiiCKOii l 6Up0Uil, I I.OCKOJlbKY IMICIOnl lUI 11411111(1.>,; liiiiJ:Ie.1t,Y (I

ouoe CI\"OjiiiiiOU(l. Tyuuf\11

Coopf!.lwetm btil

auo Mun batte6a mocmu.

Mocm ooJoe.rtu

~pe6mt lll.fll!.l/00 6 f!J1bte.

109 zoiJy iJo P.X., 'laCmb nepiJOtUt'IU/ti>IIOti

K.rwi>Ku

coxpauullaCb iJo ua-

IIIIIX i>n eii. flOJ OHf!e ;IIOCnl ll006ep l CFI Jt elKOti peKOII CilljlfKI{Itll. j~fltKC€1t/1lliiJ flfJU K(l:J(Ifl II(I(Jf!CIIIII jlf/ OO!W C K(l.!lle Httb/;W ;!10CIII O,l1 /10/111/0II/I blli ;!IOCIII, IIIUK 1\(lK fl!}llll bOII e(J ; II OCIII OKU3flf1Cfl C/lllUII\0;~1 y J KUJtl.

nollbJoea.nacb OJtfl mozo, •tmo6ot c ee noMO!tlb/0 6btpaemteamb pROi>l coniJam. lloo fiJWLlfOM-neuy!loii co11oam nocum cez.Menmnbte 00Ct1€XU, IIOJI8U8utUeCJI 6 /IQ<ta;1e I 6eKa om PX 3mu oocnexu H({ KOJI0/1He TpaJtHa ucnO.IIb30Banfl OJIJl mozo, •uno6ot o6o'3HO'IUntb npemopuGHl.feB u 11ezuo11epoe, xomf/. Haozpo6on z.oaopJun o moM, ttmo HapJZOy c cez.MemnHotJwu oocnexaNu npemoptiOHL/bl IIOCII/111 KO!Il> 1lY21l tfi7U <tetuyit'I{Wlble oocne.w . Ce?.AtelfntHI:Jte oocnexu ll3201nG6J11J60/l!ICI> 111 OtJ/OeJ/blfbtX JtCeJie:JHblX lu1GCinUH, COeOIIHeHNbiX 6pOH3()(Jbl.Mil nem_'/f/Aill II K0J/C{IHbU1U peMIIfLIIII. 06w·mo cel.lleNmn~>te oocnexu Hocu.Hu c wepcmfiHbW wapcj)ON (focale), Komopblli He OQ6GJ1 oocneXC1111 Hamupamb Ute/0. PucyHOK 0Cif06all HG peKOHCmpyup08CiflllbiX oocnexax, o6uap)OtC€HIIblX noo Kop6puoJ/ceA1 u i)amupyf!JIIbtX II aeKO,It om PX K 3mo.Hy epe111euu noiJa6!1fliOU(ee 6onbtuuH.cmeo colloam IIOCUJIO oowtO'IIII>Iii nofiCHOil peMettb. KaK u npe:J~CiJe. pe,11eub yKpautallCfl 6pOH308biJWU nllOCIUUflKCWU, 1<0lllOpb/.e M02JIII uotmo Wlu ellaOKUJHU, u11u OfllOeJIOHHbiMU 'lepHb/0 tlf/U pellbeQJON. Hnozoa 6pou3y JI)IOUJiu. KpoMe mozo. HCI npomRJICeNuu I 6eKa cpeou co,1oam oce 6ont>weii IIOIIYllflpHOCmoto tiO!Ib3060,7Cfl </JapmyK-cycneNJopuit, cocmoneuuni u.:J 60CivHU 11/)0K.II.enGN/tblX KOJICWtbiX pe11eUII\06. Cycnen3opuii. n006etuuaaJtCJI K noft<:HOAIJI peMH/0. [Jo uoee Ott OOJI.JtCeH UI>IJ/30111/IU{tltnb npoMeJICIIOCtllb, XOIIIJI IIQ npaKIIIUI\e lli!pOlt

Onl(uii u 11pocmoii 601111 npemopuauCKOti zaapo11u a IIOfleBbtx ycflo«uflx, nptUJJieuue OMIIt(uatta, 81-96 z.z. om P.X 0nljw1 (noMOUJHUK ljeHmypuoHa) npemopumtcKoii zaap<)uu npoaepnem KapayJt 6 noneeoJH 1/(/~epe. Ha JaOHeAI 111/0He auiJ11a eoCbJ\f!LiteCmllaJt KOJICOHOR nO/lamKa, e KomopOLi COJtOambt :JtCUJIU eo epeMfl noxoooe. PucyHOK omuocumcR K nepuoi:Jy eolm PoJIIUIIumw Ha [/Jmae 6 t<OHlfl! 80-x zoooa. flpemopuaHljbl 3KUnupo<WHbZ KOK u.zuouepbt. PucptOK co:Joan no o6pro14Y cjJuzyp c pelli>e</Ja KaHIJeflf!puu, HO t<omopoii U3o6paJICOJzuc& npemoptWHifbt, conpoeOJtcoaeume ttAmepamopa e zepMGHCKO;w noxooe (83). 06a npentopuaHt{a HOCJII/l Ul.ll&Hbl, KllOCCII(/JU/IUpyf!Jvlbte UCIIIOpUKOMII !<OK U.MnepC!Wii ltn/CL~UL~C/o,'Uli mun D /IJIU E, o6pa3l!bl KomopblX 6ww IWiiOeHbl Ha Peuue noo Maiiu!leM u y ¢opma Xorj.JxaiiM. coom6emcmaeuuo. /t!AmepcKue umOJluiicKue tt/JH!Mbl uMenu ynpoltfeHIIJ'tO KoucmpyKt{UIO no cpaaueuwo c u.MnepCKUAIU ZO/IJibCKUJ,1U LUJU!Ata.uu. B 'lacmuocmu omcymcmeOfJOJtu xapat<mepHaR 6btn)IKIWJI ,w6ua.R IIJ7aCmuHa u iJeKopamu6Hble 6pOH306bte HClKIIOOKtt. UJ;7ektbl 06bi'IHO 6WtU. JICeJte3Hbiii1U C 6pOft3060U 01110eJIKOii. 06a muna tUJiel106 noReu11uco 11 11epuoiJ npaeJteHWl Aezycma u npocyU(ecm<JOQMil Bn11omo oo cepeoumx 11 eeKa om P.X Onu onUILl'IMttco OIIUflllbW nasambL~bftttKOM, (tacmo OCNaUieHitbiM PJ''IKOti OIIJI nepeuoca II ycUJiefl/lbi.M KOJolpbKOJI'I nao 21103GMU. BuCO'IIIbte liJIOC1/IIIHbl coeOuHJIJlUCb meCf!JIIKOli f/00 noo6opOOKOM, a U.MnepCKllU UntO!ItiLicKllti LUJ!eu OOf/0;1HU/11ellbHO OCHOUfOIICfl Y3fi0Af OJIJI Kpennemtfl zpe6HJI. rpe6eHb npeocma6llflll co6ou <)epermnHbtu oep.?tcame1o, Kyoa ecmaeflfl.nuco OKpaweJtHbte nepbR Will KOitCKIIti BOMC. 0110JIIlU/l1e./lbHO t:pe6el1b yOep:JICU60/lCJ! peHeiUKO/ItU, KOIIIOpb!e npu(JRJWIO/IU K KOJie'lK(IJII 6 JI06060ti U 3Clntbll10'11t01i 'I(IC/tlfiX UIJlewa. j],OJI,')ICHOC/11b 0/ll.fUJ! (f) 0603HQ'IOJI(lCb O!IUHitbl,~tU nepbJIJitU, pacnO!IO()ICennbiJ~tU cneaa 11. cnpaea om zpe6Hfl. HecKO!IbKO yqeneewux wfleJ.106 u.Metom mpy6Ku, e KOmopbte ecllta6!1fiJtuCb nepoR. KpoMe mozo, onrtwt .llOJICUO 6biJ10 J 311Gntb no OIIIIIIIIOU 110/lKe C na60JIOGWIIIIKOJI1. llaJIKa, 110-61101/,MO;Wy, UC-

IIUutb oeKopamU61tyto po11o. Ha Haoepo6bRX tmozaa euouo, 'lmo cycneH3opuii JamotKCI.Ilu 3Q 110fiC, 'IIII06bt OH He nymQJICfl J\1eJtWy HOZOMU. 8 31110 Opeufl K llOJICHOM)' peAtH/0 ll006€UIU601lll mO;lMO KUH:>J(.'OJI. Me<t - no-npe()ICHewy noMnet'iCK020 muna - noi>aeweu IICI npaeaH 60K)I C IIOJI•IOtllf:>/0 KOJ/CGIIOlf nepe6fl.3tl 'lepe:J neeoe Jl/le'lo.

Ha pelloe</Je KamfeJIJipuu euo11o, wno 6 1110 epe~>tR no -npeJICIIeMy ucnonb3060ilUCb 08a/lbllble ll/U111bl CJlUl.fe6U0Hbl,\t JM60H0At. Ha pucynKe yc.tt061tO IIOK(13ano, 'lmO yJu6oH otwean :JtceJle:JOM. Pucy11otr Hll tttwne nO\tmu uaaep11Jt1<a ecmpettaflcR Ha u1umax npemopuaHtf€6. Pucynot( mwotce no:JauMcmaoeaH c penbe¢a. Ha Ulume tl3o6prot<:eHbt Kpbl.llGIIIble MO/INilll, G nlQKJICe f/OIIJMeCfiLjbl U 38e10b/. lll,um C KpblROnlbi.Mll J\1011f/UJLitll ecmpe'laemcfl. 110 II.{]Oepo6be BCaoHuKa 113 5-£/ npemopuaUCKOtl KOZOptnbl. Jlyua II. 36f!30bl yKpauta.JIU li{Ufl'lbl NO UGOzp06bfiX oeyx opyzux 60UH06, 113 6-u u I 0ii KOZopm, coom6emcmeeuuo. L(aema pucyuKa ue Ll3Becmnbt. Ha peJtoerj.Jax euiJHbt Jllllllb mpu OCHOBflbl.X muno y3opoe 110 llltlmax npemopuancKoii zaapi)uu. BoenH&tii nucamen1> Be~emuii, Jteuewuii 6 I V lleKe,

npeonO!IO:JtCUnleJlbHO IIUCOJI. '11110 KO?Optnbl a cocmaae !le<:uoua pa3JIU(tCIJtUCb 110 pucpt-

KJI na Uf umax. ,aa:;Jce ecRu Bezemutl otuu6aJicfl e Onii/OIUeHUU llf!ZUOHO(J, €20 y m 6ep:J!COeHue 6f!OJIH.e «epo.tmno e om11oweftttu npemopttaHcKoii zeapouu, IIOCKOllbKY npemopuanCJwe K02opmbt 6bii7LI omOeJlbHbtMU •w cmJLMU. TaK KGK munoe pu.cyH/\013 11C1 ~4um ax acezo mpu, mo Kozopmbt oono;mumeJibHO lrlOZJIII pa:JII.ti'IC/fl1bCfl nO ll6etnG.M. Ko11be co!liJama (2) 63flmo c peJJbee/Ja Kanqe.nflpuu. 8 Bepxneii 'lacmu KOnbJL 1u1eemut ceuHij06bttt 2pp, Komopbl ii noebttuaJ7 npo6wmyw cnoco6IIOC!rtb KOflbfl. Hu:JICJfHH. <tGCftlb i)pe6KO OCHGUfen a

ocmpoKone•moii nflmKOlt. Ettje oiJna oco6eHHOCm b, 6Cmpe•tatOUJaRC1!11Ct pe.nbee/Je u noiJm6epatCiJae;uM ezunemcKuAw nanupycaAw u 6tmoonaHCKU.Mlt

uaiJembte noo He JaKpb16CliOm na"7b/1bl li flflffi/(U .

m C/6/IU'IKC/JlW , - ';)1110 liOCKII,

1-/QCKll

KQ/lUZU.

8 CnHCKaX KOrOpT H UeHTYPfiH, HO 8Cer,Aa .uei1CTBOB3JJH 8 cocra8e C8oero orpllna. BHewHe lix MO/KHO 6bJJJO JJefKO OTJ111'111Tb no OC060J:i o6yBH • caliga speculator ia, a, y xo.IDI n oTcrasKy, OH J1 liO· ny•IaJl11 OO'!CTHblC 6pO~I308blC .ll110Jl0Mbl. lJHCJICH·

HOCTb KOHHOfO 0Tpl!JJ.3 TeJl0Xp3H!HeneH TO'!HO HC 113BCCTHa. YIJBCCTHO JlHWb TO, 'ITO B COCTaBe OTpll,na 11MCJICJI CBOH HHCTp)'h'TOp 00 BCpX080H C3,lle (cxerc itato r) , a r<OMaNn Hpa otpM:~a HaJ biB3J111 centurio speculatotU m.

Cnym6a n npeTOpHaHCKIIX Ko ropTa x Csiy)K6a a nper op HaHci<oi1 r napn.HH co MHOr Hx TO'lCI< 3peH Hll BbJr.on.nena npe.nno•rntTCJlbHee cny-A<6£J B 6oeBblX nen~ouax . flpeTOpHa HUbl cny)f(HJJH H3 4eTblpe r ona MCHbWe, 00Jl}"i3JHI 60Jlbw ee >KaJ10B3Hbe, KBapn!pOBaJlH B PHMC H H3MHO-

ApKa K oi/CIIUlHIII IIIIfl 6

Kon 01ma TpfiJIHa 8 Pu.Me 6

113 zooy. B

6ww

aoJoaumyma

OCIW6fllll/U KO!IOHHbl npednOflfl-

l QJlOCb Ja.xop ouuml> np ax Cfi.MOZO Tpa11 n a, 11 mo 6peAtJI KOK paCIIO/lOJIC€ 111/blli IJO c nup a!I U peJibei/J UJOO[Jfl:JIC{Jfl nooeobl TpOJIHfl uai) 6p a za -

nocaJltt(eHbt y 11acmuw Tpamut 8 oayx ,OaKcKux aoiiua.'C (lfll-102 u 105-106).

Jitll. PeJit.ef/J bt

J/110111 jJeJlbe f/J CJly.JICI//1 OOIIIUt 113 OCU O{JflbfX

H,lt nepuu. Ho 6 1/0C/leouue zodbl y~tenbte np utiiJIU t< 8btaooy, •uno JICeCm t<u e pa3!llt•tuR )t eJtci)y npelllOjJUfllll(fLMII, ll€Zli011epOM11 II COJIOfllllfLMll actzo;uozame/lbllblX •tncmeu npeocmaan m om coooii xyOOJtCecmaennyiO yCJL06HOC:tnb. u cm O'lHliK06 o pUJitCKOii ap.1tuu ape;ue11

f O pC>Ke OOllBepranH CBOIO :>KH3Hb onaCHOCTH. K ai< HJBecTHO 113 HaAmiCCH, nperopHaHuea Ha6HpanH CpCJlH MY:>K'lHH B B03p3CTC OT 15 D.O 32 JleT, 8 TO BpeMff l<3K Ha6op 8 ITCfHO HCpbl npo80.lll1JJCll 113 KOHTHHfCHTa !J 803pacre OT 18 AO 23 JteT. B npasneHHe B~o~rennHJ! (69) 11 Ha4 ~t Hall c rrpaonCHIHI CemHMHJ! Cesepa ( 193-2 11 ) B nperopHaHCKYIO mapAHIO nepeBO.LI.l1JJll COIJ..!laT H3 60CBbiX JlCfHOHOB, ropOJlCKUX JJentOHOS H

npymx pRMCI.UIX noeHHbi X ~acreH.. K Ill seKy npeTopHaHcKylO r8ap,nHJO y )f(e ¢opM11posan11 maaHbJM o6pa30M 3a C'ICT nepeso.ua 8erepaH:oB. T auHT coo6utaer, 'ITO s rrpaSJl eHHe T w6ep.HJI (14-37) nperopHaHcKyJO rs apnmo Ha6HpaJIH m38Hb!M 06pa30M CpC.D.H )f(HTenei1:7fpyp1111, YM6pHH H Jlauun. ,llHOH coo6LUaer, 'ITO .nope¢opMbl Cenn t.MHil Cencpa ( 193-211) npcropl1· aHues Ha611pan11 cpe.o.H >J<HTenei1 HTa.JlHH, HcnaH:IUf, MaKe,uoHIHf. H HopHKYMa (cospeMCHHaR Ancrpull). HaAnHC ~l CBH.ACTCJlbCTByiOT, •no

Ptute, p acllottO.Jtcena .M eJtcdy lPopy.uo.lt u Komneeu.

ApKy 60J6e.w a 315

lody 8 •1ecmb oecJIIIIIIJlemuR npe6waamtH KoHcm tmmuHa 11a mpoue. H a apK.e ltCIIO/lb306GIIbl Kat< cmapwe pe1bel/Jw, 11/QK II IW61>1e, 11306paJ11'QHJll(lle ooil y Mllllb6lle6a AfOCIIIQ.

6uoemb na pe.?beqJe l<mttten!lpuu. Ko.70HHe TpaRHa 11 lleCKOJiblo.IIX Ho()zpo6bR:c. lll.umbl o6bl<rHO noileeuwRa.wch Ha nepe8R311. HG 11apwe ux noctuu nod .7e6ori pyKOti Ha III!Konrophlx Huozpo6bfLt noKaJano. '11110 tq11m cut;rua;rcJL Ja cnuHy, flbtC6060JIC.'O(IJI ou~t p~KII Ha pe.7be,Pe Kam~f!J711ptw "PI'Zllbrii lllllfll yKpaweH puCyHKOJII U3 pGCIIOJ/O,J/Ce/1/11>1.~ 1(0/l~feum pu<leCK/1 p1l006 111!/)1?1!1/. filKypy JIWJI1ettOCLfbl NO CUJI LI C!tf'Oy10 tt1£1AI o6pa30Jil.' ?.OJ/060 JtCLIIJOIIIIIOt'O 1/(///lfl<'/l(iCI//((Cb HCI wne.M. nepeomre .rtant>t "'GGmbwanucb y:;no,tt na zpyou. ocmwlbiWII wKypa Kpacuao HUCIICIOCI!ICI H01UQ, J(l CntiHy. nooo6HblAI o6pa30.11 u3o6pcntt:enbt npemopuoHIIbl KGK na KO.'IOIIIIe Tpa11na, maK u HO TpORHOfiCKO,\t r/Jproe. lla apKe Koucman1/IUHO npemopumlltl>l ltJo6paJtCCIIbl ace 11 I!. ?aU/OX e euoc llbiJWrori wKype. Mo:>~CirO npeono!IO:JtCttlllb, •rmo llbaurtaR UlKJ•pa 6bwa xapaKmepua UIIC/1110 cJ/111 npernopuancKou i!Gapouu. lilmauiJapm uJo6paxeu 110 Ofll'.lt IIOI.imlt oouHaK08bLII uJo6pa.'>ICenllll11 c HoozpoObR MapKa no.lmeR Acnepu. lfCHmypuo110 npemopuancKou eGapouu, noxopOII(!HHOeo 6 Tyc~<_v.1e, 1100 Pu110.11 Jmom ucmottHuK oco6en11o ua.?/Cen 110 mori npu'11/He, 'IIIlO oamupyemcR 1.:011110.\1 I (1(!1({1 om P.X. Ho wmaHoapmar IICfiO yKaJauo H03BOHue mpembeti npemoputtiiCKOti IW· zopmbl. 3mo eOIIItC1116eHH0<! OOCmOGI?p· noe uJo6paJICemre npemopuanci<OeO wmaHoapma. Om 111!?1/0itepcKn?o wmaHoapma UIIIICIHOapm npemapultHCI.'OU K020pntbl OmJllt<IGJ/CR /1111111> fl{lql/'11/€,11 HG 3nOMenoce~ (SiJ(IIi{er) 11 zopuucm (coruicen) Tpembeii npemopuaucxori xozopnrw,

llf1G8Jieii/IJI /!O.Hili(IIOIUI (81-96 l.l.) Ha KOilOHHe TpaJma u HO opyzux UJ06paJICellllfiX mozo nepuooa IIOKQ3QNO, l/1/10 31/G.lleHocert U ZOpHUCnl I<:GK npG8liJ/O OeUC/11606(1/Ill napoti. fopuucm mpy6UJ1 6 Olj)OMHblll pol (cornu). Bezenrrai noomsepJicoaem, •uno cuZita/IO;W zop1w 60tmoe co6upcum 11ep1100

wma11oapmy. Ha ~<:0,10HHe TpaRHa 3naAreHOCifbl u zopuucmbt nocneoMame;rbftO zoo6paxQ/omot 8 IW!Ib· .,~·zax rLW, uuozi>a, <~euryzi<~ambLt oocnexax ,Ovcm:xu uocwru 110-pa:JiiO,Ity. 11x 11aoe6a/lu 1108ef1.\ ICOpomKUX IL111 HOfi.AUIJ1bHbiX IIIJIIUK 1: fiOJIC/IbiM fll!JIIIIe.~t IUIII 6e.J 11€l0 (llltOi:OQ C cycneHJopueM). Ooun u1 npemoprwncKut 31WA/euoclte6 nocum ltaKuoKy IIOGepx KOIIb'IJ· zu. KGI\ oi>uH u1 C0.7<)am c lly«pcKozo pellbe,Pa. Bo ece.x CIIJ'IGJIX npemopuaHIIbl u ;JeZIIOnepbt uJo6paJICeHbl a u1mona.x IWJK:e K011e11. Moxuo npeOIIOIIOJICLIIIlb, 'IIIlO C)'l44ecmaofJaJ!a KGKGJt-mo cucme.ua, noJaOJtllButa/1 6 ceoe apeAm pa311tt'lamb eowtoa. CK,VIIblllnypbl HQ H002p06bR..t IIOKa:Jht6QIOtn, 'lf/10 1/eZUOHepbl 1/0CIIJ/U CeZMelllnllbl€ 00CI1€Xt11 110 He t-i.Jl1eJIII wmaHo6. Ha pellbecpe Kan11e;mpuu u:;o6pa:11ceH 3/WAt€/tocerj, UAteiOUfW~ AIOJI€11b1Wii tttum, 110, onftmb :JJce, 6eJ wmcmoe. TaKtt.;ll o6pa30JI'«, OHeuurwj o61111K ptiJI.tCKUX AezuoHepoe ne 1<:

11cezoa GtWCbteaemcrr e ;;JcecmKoe npa6U/IO. Ha pttC)'HKe o6a - 3HCt.lteHocel4 u copmu:m - tt306paJICemx 6 nop.MMbllbi.X mymrKax noBep:J. KomopblX naiJembl KO/Ib~yzu. Mett <mOMnetiCKOZO>J muno nooeecueu ua npaRo.ll 6ol\)' ua nepeeJLJu 'lepeJ rlJle<to. Ha nOJICIIOAt pe.1111e nooeeweHN cycneH30puti u KUHJICaJ!, KOmopblli o6bi'IHO uocw1u 110 HeGo,w 60KJ'· Wmaltbl omcymcmepom, xom11 na 1rozax noO KG/IUZGMII 11poZli!IObi6GIOm HOCKU. Cmamyc 3/IGAteltOCtja xecmKo noKG3bl«a.w oea npeiJMema 3KunupoeKu. AtGJiellbKIIU KfJYZllblli tqum u J/b6UI1GJI wKypa. lll.uml.>l on!l. 31t(IJ.tenoctte8 11 AtJ3b1Kaumoo MO:JICIIO

He.H u3o6paJicemni (rmagwes) 111/llepamopc~<:oii ceMbU. Wmauoapm yKparueu nocepe6peHHbt,Hu u noJOJIO•IeHIIbtAill 6p01t306bwuu nJiacmwiKtiJI'IU u rfmzypa.Mu u co cm oum 11 :1 c;,eoytOL4UX 'lacm eri (ceepxy Bl-tU1): cepe6pfiH0c?O IIGKON€1.JHLI· KCI, BI?HK(t U3 oy608biX /1/1CIIIbl?6. ,ICe/11?3HOii nonepe•wHbl c nooeewemthrMu K ne1i KOJICOHblfttll f/0/IOCGMLI, (/JIIl)'flbl KpblliOmOU 6ozuHu (BuKmopuu), emopozo 6eHKO, nopmpema wmepamopa (.OO.\IUIIUOHa). IIJlaCIIWHKU C U306pa:»ceHit€11 CKOpfiUOHO, flJWCtnUHKII c ltaOntiCb/0 COHIll PR. mpembezo eenKa, uJo6paxenu!l 01111.10 u..1wepamopa (BecnacttaHa) u ~.~em sepmozo eeHKO. ,Oepe6FIHHOe iJpeeKo ocIJatqeno JICe!le3110ti flJ/11/KOti, KOmopyiO .MO.JICHO 6nlb1KO/tlb 6 3€MJIIO, II 06y.MJI JICe/le3Hb/AtU fiYKORtnKGMII, 06.7eG'IOIOU/U,~III MOHUt1Jl1NIJUU CO lllf/10/IUGpmO;II. FopH U3o0p(l.JICeH no o6pa31.£.1. nauoettHOMY 1100 llOAtneJUtu. Ott COeJIOH u3 mpex 6p011306bL'f 'IOCmeu U oepe61lllii0U P.VKOJIIIIKII. C J3K020 KOHlfO Z0f1HO JCIIIO/i08/l€/l 6pOH306biU ,11YH0Llii/IYK.

Cl(ellll V c I<"OJ10IIIIIJI Tpa111W, IIOI<'U1btomoll(flJl nepenpaoy wpe:J Jl.yHau npemopMmCKux :JHa.Meuoct(eo U Wp1111C'nl08.

llimaui)apmbl Y Bl'l/'l(lflbl

OjJ-'I(UI II 8KJIIO<Illl()flt 6

ce6R

Bel/1<111 IIJI(ICmtUII<II C 1103801/Uf!.;lt

II (}(J(I 110p111pe111a 'l:ll'II08 IUIIlepamOpCKOii Cf!Jllb/1. Top11W OCHQI~ellbl 0€KOp0111/I(JHbWll uacaOKOJlf/11

KOntopwe muoe 6o.tee ue f/mZJpupywnr. Jua.lieiiOCI(b/11 zop11ucmwuocnm IWKuiJKu t l3 JtbiJUUbtx uiKyp n osepx K0.7t•'IYl· Ka1< 11pOCm1>1e n exomuHt(IJI omt u oCRm Ate'lu Ha 11paoOJ11 DOh'}! 60IJbWHHCTBO npeTopHaHues np011CXO.llHJJO ~13 ueHTpanbHOH 11 cesepHOH YlTaJHJH. Boo6we, rnap.tli·HO CTapaJJHCb lii.l6~tpaTI> B HaH60nee UpOUBeT310W.ffX H pOM3Hl13HpOSaHHblX paiiOHaX J.bmep1111. Kor.aa K BJJacTH upwwcJt CenTHMHii Cesep. 011 ysonHn CJJHUlKOJ\1 caMOCTOstTe.ObHbiX npeTopHaHue8, fOTOBbiX 00 CBOeMy YCMOTpeHHIO TOpi'Oli8Tb VfMnepHeM, a BMeCTO Hl1X Ha6paJI COJJ.llaT 113 3HaKoMoro eMy )J.yHa?'tCKOro nemoHa, KOTOpble 110cne cny}{{6.bt Ha ,llyJHle .n:ocny11n18am1 YeTblpe.nes!!Tb neT 8 rsapA111-1. C 5 r. AO P.X. cny1t<6a B nperopHaHcKoti rsapAI1 t1 .ummacb 16 neT. .llmt cpaaHeHHJI s rOpollCl<t1X .t<oropTax cnyx<6a AMmacb 20 neT, as nonesbJX nenroHax - 25. ECim co.n.naT nepesotutnC8 H3 nenJOHa 8 r8ap.ll.11JO, TO OH llOCJJyl!<nsan oCTaTOK AO 16 neT. B 27 roey llO P.X. Aaryc1' ycnmosHn Mll npeTopnaHu.es nnary, pasHyiO .asofiHOM)' )l(anOBaHHIO nentoHepa. B 14 1. OT P.X. rsap.QeHUbl nonyYan 11 720 .ne~l a pHCB 6 fOJl, TO eCTb B 1:p~1 pa3a 60JJbllle, YeM JJefJ10IIepbl, )l(afiOBaHbC KOTOpblX CO· craBnliJTO 225 AeHapHes. 3ra nponopu,HJI coxpaHHnacb snnon .ao paccjlopM11posaHI1ll rsapAI:IM. TH6ept~ i1 BblnJJOTHJI npe-ropHaHuaM npeM HIO (.£lOtJau~ouo) s pa3Mepe 1000 neHapHes nocne pacKpbiWmauiJapm 3-i'i upemopwmcKoii Kozopmw, penbt'l/J c uaozpo6bH MttpKa flo.MIWR Acnepa. Wmanoapm J'Oeii'IQH lpO.JICOI/IICKl/.N 6l!III<O..II.

floiJ /IlLII 11l!pl!KJr(I0UHll C K()JI(QIIbL\111 /) l!Ml'li/1\(I.M U. Jf.anee CJie-

0)'10111 llljJU IJeHI\01 Kpbl. ta/1/flJl QOZIIHJI, 0 60 ILII/Il'pliiiiOjJCKW' 110pmpema, /lliQCIII/1111\Q CO CKOp 11110/IO,t·l

u 1macmuH1<a c uaomtcbltJ Coh Ill Pr. Ha opeoKe ecmb 08e pyi<OJI/1/Ku, omny Jlcene:JIIWI llllmKa. 15

/1;\lllepamop Tpanu OCiltampuaaem oaKcKuii JryK u cmpe.flJ{ Ezo conp060JICOatOm oaa aoeua'laJiblltii(Q, B ee mpu rPIIZJj)bt IJbiZ/IIlOflm nprurepuo oOUHflKOtJIJ: ll.flOlt(-IIOJJIOi>ruteum, Kupaca, JtbHJlfiOU IIOJIC, KQJ/CflHaJI py6axa C11111ep11ZllJIIII1 IIIYIIUKU1 llltnOIIbl. llOCKO!I~ Ky pentJer/J 6bl!l Kozoa-mo OKpmueu, twnepamop onuw•tMcn om OKJJJT.HCUIOII(ti.X t(aemaM OOeJICt)br (nypnypubrii 111/ttu(}. Boellfl'IMbHIIK C/le6a oep:JI£'11/11. p)IK)I 1/Q pyKo/lmKe K/111:)/CQJJQ-IIQ/)QJOIIIIJI.. BoeHO'laJlb/1/JK 6 t(ellmpe - 11peonono:JicumenbiiO MapK Knaaouu ) ]ll(fUQ/11 11per/JeKm npemOpiiOUCKOU Z6DfJOIIII.

Cecmepti liU raJ/ KMlllYJibl (40-41). H a aoepce IIJ06pa.uceu npor/Jllllb u.ulu pamopa 11 HUOIIIICb Cfai11sj Caesar A ugju st11sj Germanicus Ponftifex} Pot{estate}. Ha peaepce U.MIIepamop o6paU(aemcJI K npemopuaHt(fJM 11 IIUOI111Cb: ad/ocll{tioj cohjortiumj. llpemOfJIJOHI{bl IIJ06pa:JH:eHbl 6 QII/IIIU'IeCK//.X lllfleAIOX1 6 pyKax y ILUX npflftiO)IZO/lbNble U(UIIIbl. Jla 3li0Hf!AI 111/ll/le 6U011bl •telllblfJe umtauoapma c OfJ!IUAtu. Ha o0/10111 uJ xopomo coxpalllt6tmr.xcn JK3f!AIII/IJifJ06 ,o,wuembt ItO 1/illltle 61/0e/1 CKOfJIIUOIL.

nur 3arosopa Cel!Ha

r. OT

P.X. K.naB.!lHH, eTas HMCTepar opoM,

Bbi!TJJ3TIIJJ npeTOpH3HU3M filiTHJJeTHee )1(3JIOB3Hbe,

~la,lleSICb

Ta-

KHM o6p330M K)'nHTb Hx nollnbHOCTb. OcTanbHbre HMneparopbr CTOCT)'OaJIH CTOXO)f(HM 06p330M , BbtnJJ3'1H83ll npeTOpH3HUaM 3H3'IH.TeJibHble CYMMbl, B TO BpeMll KaK nerHOHepbl '13CTO OCTaaaJIHCb 6e3 )f(aJJosaHbll. DpH ysonbHeHHH s OTCTast<y rsap.aeeu nony'laJI npeMrno s

5000 ,iJ.eHapHes (nerHOHep

TOJ!bKO

3000

Ae-

Hapwes), a TaiOKe Harpa)l().{aJJCll fiO'IeTHbiM 6pOH30BbiM .D)1 11Jl0MOM. 3TOT A HfiJIOM A3BaJJ B03MO>KHOCTb y33KOHI1Tb 6pa1< H A3Th npasa AeTS!M, po)f()l.eHHbiM s HeM (nerHoNepbi .uo yKa3a CenTH MHll Cesepa soo6me He HMenH npasa )f(eH~ITbCll). CTonb Hecnpa se)l.JJHBble JTbfOTbl rsap.neHU3M 06bS!CHS!JI HCb HX fiOCTOS!HHblM rrpHCYTCTBHeM B PHMe, 'ITO )l.383J10 HM B03M0>KHOCTb 110 CllOeMy YCMOTpeHHIO MeHS!Tb Heyro)l.Hbi X 11MnepaTOpOB. 'ho6br scrynHTb s n p eTOpHaHCKJ'lO rsapJ.t1110 H nony•1HTb ace :)TI-l n pHBHJTermr, KaHJlH)l.3T )l.OJT)f(eH 6bJJJ 06JJa.QaTb 3/lOpOBbeM, XOpOtu HM xapaKTepOM H npOHCXOD.HTb Hl nOpliAO'lHOH CeMbH. KpoMe Toro, KaHJJ.H.llaT )l.OJI)f(eH 6brn npe.nocTaBHTb peKOMeH.aaTeJJbH Oe CTHCbMO OT K3KOfO-HH6y)l.b BJ!Hl!TeJ!bHOfO '!eJTOSeKa . Ecm1

Kpyllltblli n11an uazpy i>uoil llJiacmunbt nU.11JimuuKa Aazycmy. H Jo6pQJ1CeHbt 6yOyU(uU 11.11111epamop Tu6epuii, 11pumt.uaiOII(IIIi om naprfJRu 11omepnHublii mmanoapm c OfJ!Io.M (20 z. oo P. X.). DapaJOHIIU pacllOIIO:JiceH Ha ypo6He zpyi>u, IIO-au ouM0-'1)1, 011 JQIIIKH)Im 30 IIOJIC.

BOIIH, U3 06pa.Hcellllblli 110 IIOO;WOlllflbiiOM p enbet/Je. On ooem 6 111/llll ( C KOIIIOUIOHOJII, 1110pp II 111)'111/K)\ i'rfe'l 11 0061!1111!11 110 lljJU· 60.11 60K)\ B i leliOU PJ'KI! RII(/IK c /lllCMll!llllblJII/1 llJllliiOOJII!JICII()CmR.MU. f liiUil( 3 DCIIII!l lltJUem CR 00 Cep i!Qilllbl l jJ)'OU C llOJIIOU(biO IIJ'Z061lt( 11 nemen b. ------------------------~

(])pao u ellm anmapn fl.o,•utl(UR A zeuo6ap6a - 001111 u J OCII08-

"bi.X UCIIIO'IIIUK08, /I OK03bl8 010/l(UX 6111!1111111/i OOJIU K JlllMCKUX n ezu ouepotJ 8J1/!Jiteu y naoKa p ecnyon u Ku. f/.amupooKa p en t>e,Pa Kone6nem cJI o m KOIIt(a

ll oo

KOIII(ll

I 8CKD

P.X.

B o unw 110-

cnm u l/tC.Mbt -MOinllel/JopmuiiO u KOilb'IJ'lll c 0111/C•tbii.M II. M e 11 11008/!IUI!II lUI OOUHOpi·IO;II IIOJtC/10;11 p C.M IIC. b O/Ib/IUJii 06(Uibllblii Ulll/11 C lljJOOORI>Hb/;\1 2pe611C.M.

OH o·rae<r~Ul 3THM Tpe60B3H~I~M, TO OH TT01lY'13Jl CTaTyC probatus, ero npHHHM8JIH B KOfOpTy H 33qHCfli!Jll{ B OAf{)' 1-13 UCHTypHI.f. CnycTl! HecKanbKO rrer cny)l(6.h1 con.qar, ecm1 eMy y)la8arrocb noHpa8HTbCl! csoeMy H3'l8JibHHf<Y, nony'lan C1'31)'C irnmunis, 'ITO oc8o60)I()lano ero OT HeceHHll TJ>Y.LlOBbiX OOJ133H HOCTew H .nasa-

803MOlKIIOCTb TT0JJY'U1Tb HeTTbiJibHY~ .LlOJllKHOCTb OpH WT36e .

Cuycu ewe uecKOJlbKO neT con.o_ar Mor nony'llt Tb cnryc

JtiJ8eCTHO, 'ITO 3HaTHbJe pHMJIRHe C nerKOCTb~ 06MeH it881l H C8oe

principalis , 'ITO cym!Jlo y.U80eHHOe )J(anosaHhe , a TaK'lKe 803-

cocnoau c eca.nHHKa Ha D.OJJ'lKHOCTb ueHryp•t o Ha. X oTR cnY'lK6a

MO)I(HOCTb 38HRTb Jl.OJI'lKHOCTb C8l!3H0f0 (TCCCepapull), 38MeC-

Ha Jl.OJl'lKHOCTH UCHT)'p110H8 8peMeHHbiMH CpOK3MH He OfP8HH·

TJ-ITeJlJ! ueuTypuOH3 (OTTUHll) KJIH J H8MeH OCU3 (CHfHit!l>epa).

"'H8aJI3Cb. K3K Op38H1l0 Aanbwe 8blC1lY'lKI1TbCll C01l.ll3T y'lKe Re MOr .

EcJJH npHHuwanan HMen xopowee o6paJo8a uHe, TO ero Mornw

Connar, 'lKe1138UJHH npoaon'lKHTb Kapbepy, .non>Keu 6b11l nepe8e-

83JITl> a wTa6 npe<jleKTa.

CTHCb B nefllOH, H Jllllllb e.O.HHHUbl pewanHCb H3 T8KOH war.

JlHWb HeMHOrHe con.o.anr CTaHosumtcl> npHHuunanaMH. H o

Ka)I(JzylO KOropry

H3 3TOM 803 MO'lKIIOCTH K3pbepHOf0 pOCT8 He npeKp3Ul8JIHCb. TipHHUHII811, 38Bepw HB CJJ)"A<6y 8 KOfOp'l'C, MOf non y•ntTb CT81)'C evocati Augusti no }'K838HH~ HMnepaTOpa.

aoornaBJUIJl TpH6yH.

B OTJ1 11 YIIe OT Jlpyrnx

80eH8Y31lbHIIK08 B pHMCKOH apM ltH, npoHCXO.O.HBWHX 113 COCJlO· 811ll 8C8AHHKOB, rpH6yHbJ OObl'IHO 6blli H npOCTbiMII con.nara,m ,

3To .nasano eMy 803-

CAC..18BW11Mit Kapbepy. B brCJIY'lKH.BWIICb .no ueHrypHOHa, con.nar

'fO'lKHOCTb 38HHM8Tb 8AM1-1HHCTJ>8TH8Hble, TeXHit'!CCKHe HJlH npe-

npo.o.onlKan cny>k-6y, CTapllCb 38tUI.Tb .D.OJilKHOCTh CTapwero ueH-

TTOJl88aTeJibCKHe AOJllKHOCTH B P HMe Jtnll npH wra6e nentOHa,

rypHOHa 9 p33HbiX JlefltOH3X., a OOJ.QH.ee H fJ18BHOfO QeHrypttOH8

npo.D.OJ1'lK8ll TeM C8Mbi M CBO~ K3pbepy. KpoMe TOfO, npHHUHTTa-

nentoHa {primus pilus). flpOCJJYli<H8 rnaBHbJM u eHrypuoHOM

Jlbl MOfJI~1 33Hl1Tb .QOJT)!CHOCTh UeHTypHOH3 f88p)l1111 . .!{OJllKHOCTb

roD..

COJJ).l3T MOf 33 HIIM3Tb JlOJl>KHOCTb TpH6yHa 9 rOpOACKOJ1 no>Kap-

ueHTYPHOHa 6hrna OYeHb npecn1.lKHOH 11 xopowo o nna<maaeMoii.

HOH KOMOH.D.e (Vig iles), ropO.D.CKHX KOrOpTaX , 11, H3KOHeU, CT3Tb

PJu)o8oii npemopucutel( u l(ettmypuou 8 noxot)e (ua'laJIO 1 8. om P.X)

Om(uii u npocmoii 60/fll npemopuancKoti 26 apouu 6 none6biX ycno6uRx, npa6rteuu e .JI,o,ltu l(UaHa, 81-96 2.2. om P.X

3uaMenocei( (signi{e1) u zopnucm (cornicen) Tpembeii npemopuancKotl Kozopmbi, nepuoiJ npa(l!lenttfl ,ao,Hul(uaua (81-96 z.z.)

llpemopuanet(, UJimepamop KJtlltJt)uii u mpu6yu upemopufutCK(Jii Kozopmt>t a u.ltnepamopcKO;It oaopt(e, 43-54 z.z. om P.X.

Ten oxplwume.rtb 11 i>enypuon ompnolt zep-ulmCKIIX me:wxptlltume.7eii, nepu oo npaa.rteuuR Hepoua, 54-68 z.z. om P.X

C o!loanlt,z If oeKJ'jJIIOfl IIJ KOIIIIOU zoap i)uu 1/;~tnepam opa, flepoafl J(aKCK{Jfl OOUila, ( !01 -102) Co.u)am zwnepamopCKOli KOHHOII zaapouu (Equite.s Singulare.s Aug11s1i) OOKJiaiJbloaem <kK.VPUOHJI o6cmmt06KY 6 xoiJe nepooii eoimbl c iJaKa.Mu. JlaKu JICUJIII 110 meppumopuu coepe.ueHIIOii Py;.tbllll/11. ConiJam npuaemcmeyem KO.MOHiJupa nO-K06CL7epuiicKu. BblmH'~wJ enepeo npaay1o PI'KV. Pucy110K 110 IllUme ompaJicaem npoucx.oxiJeHue ompn.iJa, co30amwzu TpOf/ltQ,H l!llle 6 BepXHeii r ep.IIIOHIIU, zoe mom 6olR 1/0.MeCIIIHUKON 00 mozo, KaK cmaiiJb u;~mepamopo1H. n o"mu ece I<OitHote zeapoeil!4bt. TpaJJ.J.ta 6ouw u3 1./UC/let eouNoa 6Crl0J110,'(/Irle;1hHI>IX <taCmeii, HC16pa111toiX 8 TepJl/OHUU U H.e U.Me6UIUX [JU.MCKOZO zpa:JICOGNCtnBC/. ]Ktmttpu«Ka u <Joopy:>ICeHue (10UJW8 KO.Qe6flemcfl IJ uutpOKI·IX npeiJe;w.x, mat< KaK ll.X om6upcu1u 113 paJHbtX 11acmezi n eptJoni c:o,liJcml (1). lL111eM mozo :>tee m11na. 11mo ume;w, HaiioeHHblti 1100 KcaHmeHO.Ill (HuOef2?0HObl) Cnapy:)((;u umeu o6wum RIICIIIOM 113 .1yJICeHOtl 6pOII3bl. Ha Rucme cmllllU306allfiO lt:J06pa.?1Celtol 'leJIOBe'leCKue 60_q0Cblll JIQIJj)06blU eefiOK. noiJo6ubte J'Kj)Outef1Wl6bi/IU 06bi'IHbL 01/R /UJ/ e..IIOB KOHHblX 80UH06. tfell!)!ti'lombte oocnexu c npopeJfiMU 6Mecrno PYK060(J HOiJembt rtVIJepX KO:JICW10lt py6axu. nJU!'IU (}Of10Jli-IU/1leJ/bH.O npw<pb1111bl j)flOOM KO;JICQHbL'r pi!~ll· H.eii (pteryges). [/0() 1<0,1/CCIHOU py6a.xoti naoema KOPOnlK(lf! utepCIII>If/Wl nl)INUKO. BoKpyz weu Ha.uomaH ILiapcjJ. OiJexoy eattHa oonwmmom KWKaHoze cumaHI>t, ooxoOflU/Ue i'Jo cepeiJwu,1 UKpbl. K ''CJ.!lltZCLll npucoeowteHot wnopbt. Ha pe;uHe <~epe:J npm;oe 1111e•!O nooeeweH 111/0CKtu'i 060/lbHblii IIJLIIII, o6nlJIHYIIIbJU KO:>ICeii (611fJO'IeM, mOI.fHO He 1136eCmiiO, 0611liiBG.J1UCb !Ill ILIUJt/bl Jmoeo rmma KO:Jiceii). flo Kpcuo 11111rn o66um 6po1130Bbl.llt flucmo,\1 u Ooi10.f/HUitlelbiiO yctmeH JtemOJV?Lt'leCKOU noJ1ocou. nyuteHiwii lOptt!OfiiiUUhHO. Boopy:J!Ceuue cocmoum U3 0.1UH110eo ;\·/e<W-C/101111>1, /1006eU/ellltOZO HO nepefiJ/311 'lepe:J We'IO, If KOI1bJI CJICI!JUt3H.bi.Jlt fiOKOHet.tHIIKO.M u nrtmKOit. [/epo Ha KOnne o60JNU'IWIO OOli:JICHOCtno rypoepa. fl.e/(ypuon (2). lLI.n eAt no munv w;te;140, Hml.i'Jemtozo 110iJ 3Jtae.M (Kf!Jvt6puoxuwp). lllne;11 tt:JZOtii06Jten 111 6poH31>1 u omiJe;wn cepe6pokt. I fa o6mtpy.Jicermo.M UJJ/e.Me zpe6eno omC)'mcmaoaan, HO ezo lleti<O peKoncmpyupoeamo no ocmamKa,\1 Kpene:>~Ca. KaJICQ(Ifl omopaR 'letuyiiKa 1!0 iJocnemx IIOKpbltll(l 0;1060;11. noao6H020 poiJa OOCIIexu o6HapyJ~<.'ellbl y XeAt-XuMa. Me11-cnama tJucwn HO 11eeo.11 6oKy. e pyKax - cmeK u3 BUHOlpaiJHou ;lOJbJ. Bee -;mo o6031tal.falom Jewwe iJeKyj)IIOHa. PucyHoK Ita u{ume ct<onupo6aH c KO.QOHNbt TpaRHa. Bmopoii CO/lOCI/II (3). ljj_qe;lt mm<.JICe 0 11/Qe.!/CIII 6poN30fJbW ~LUCIII(h\1. n ooo6Holii W/ll!JH 6 O'le/lb 1moxo.M cocmOJtNuu NauiJeH a paiioNe f(o6.rtemf·6y6eHxat;.,H. A~ta!IOZu•tllbte IWll!lltbt MOJICHO yBUOemo II H(l neCKO/lbl\'liX t1aiJzp06/Jfi,X. T_viiO&UUfe BOUH(l 11pW<pbtiJC/em KO/Ib'IYZG. Bee mpoe cuoJIIn aepxoAI Ita I<ON!tx pocmoAI om 14 oo 15 !IOOO~'teii. Ynowaoeii OfiUfiHbte zpual>t u xeocmbl. Ynpn:Jfco, xap(llmzepuafl O!IR KOHtta 1 oeKa. f<o:>ICaHoe ceo11o c 'lemotptr ;IIR pozO,llll 11 611.Vmpenfii!AJ 6pOH306fJIM KapKaco.w. KoJicaHble pe-wtu ynpRJICtt yl\paweubl ouct<aAtu-q>a.~epa,llu u.J 11epueHfiOti tt./11 )7yJICeHoii 6poHJbt u11u cepe6pa. f<oHb oeKypuona iJono,wum~~bfiO y1<pawen 6axpo,11011 u 11emnoii U3 cuHeU wepcmRitail mKaHu.

ll(um GCI/OuuKa ~<pyn111.w ll!lfiii·O.H. Buoen Kpecm prumm y30p« 11pe()yc,lttlmpU8fL'I 08)'X CKOj)/1110110 6

11 'li'lllblpe BbiOII(IIX CR

cmei);IJI. Bn-

C.'ll!6Q ll CJijJ{lfJQ 0111 Ji; ltOOIIQ.

Tpu6yHOM Koropl'bl npeTOpH8HCKOH rsapAH H. Cyll.(ecTBosaJUt \l apyrHe nynt K .non)!(HOCTH Tpu6yHa. HanpHMep. con.naT MOr BbiCJly)I(HTbCJI AO [J(3 8HOr0 UCHTypaoHa, CHylKa B nerHoHe, a :Ja-reM nepesecTHCb s PI1M. T aK unw HHa<Je, -rpw6yH 6bJJl seTepaH, I!MCIOll(HH orpoMHbiH BOCIHibiH OflbiT. Tpu6yHa H83Ha'lanw Ha .o.omtntOCTb cpol<O.M Ha ro.n, nocne Yero rpu6yH HMeJI B031110)!(HOCTD yiint s OTcrasKy. HeMHOrHM TpH6yHaM Y.ll8B3JJ0Ch n pOAO.O)!(HTb Kapbepy, H .ltOCTHfHYTb .LlOJllKHOCTH BTOporo DpHMH llHJl8T8 JlCfHOH8. H yllce cosceM e,nHHHUSM y.nasanocb .nocny)!(HTbCH .no !lOJllKHOC"t l1 nep<jleKTa OpeTOpHSHCKOH rsap,llHH . 60.0bW.tHCTBO npe<jleKTOB npOIICXOJWmt H3 BC8AHHlfCC· !(Oro cocnoswK, KOTOpbte .a.enanu Kapbepy no .a:pyroi:i cxeMe. Jl tOil II , 38H HMaswMe JlOJl>KHOCTb npeqJet\Ta nocrte 2 r. .no P.X. OCe 6e3 HCKJIIO'IC H 11 Sl 6b1JlH 3H8THbiMH pHMJlJIHSMH. Ca~v~a lKCJ10Jll((HOCTb npe<jleK· T8 rrpeTOpH8HCKOH fB8[l.ll~l•l llO OO<!eTHOCnt ycrynana JJHWb .UOJllKilOCTH npecj}eKTa ErwnTa. Ha'IHHaJJ c npasnemtR Becnac»aHa (69-79), Yeif CbiH THT cran npe<jleK· TOM npeTOp118HCKOH rsapJl1 1H, AOJJ)KfiOCTb npeqJeKTa crana C3MOH BbiCOKOH B PaMe,

IOJlHO-KJla 8}11111 Bcne.n 3a T~t6epHeM Ha rpoH B3owen f ail Kanuryna (37-41), OTIJIJlJaBwHHCSI Ha pe.nKOCTb B3AOpHbiM xapat<repoM. Kamtryna CyMeJI CT8Th HMnepaTOpo~l COOMOll.(biO npeeM!Ht:t<a CeSJHa aa nocry npe<jleKTa npe-ropHaHCKOH raap.nHH K.BHrHa Cyropti5J MaKpoHa. KantH'YJJa CHa•1ana nposen TpH yM<jJan ~:>H.blM MapweM 03ap.D,HIO 110 OOHTOHHO-

TaK ua1waae.At1Jlli <we•t Tuuepmw, ocmpoKOIIt! 'lllblli KlliiiiOK, oamupye11Wti IIO'IflliO.tt l aeKa om P.X. M e 11 o6uapy;,1ceu ua P etine a paiioue Matillt(O. qJop.na .n e'la xnpaJa11ep11a lJJIR :Jfnozo nepuooa. lloJou ee ezo lbllllet:llu. t .lte'l IIIJ.uneticKozo numn c "P"'"~'' KJIUIIKO.lt. 6ozamo yKpcnu em tt>le IIOJifllbt n o JOOJ/IIIOm 11peOII0.1Q;}/CIIniiJ, '11110 'JntO /1(//)QO/Iblli .lte•l. Oomt,.·o ueoaauue UCCJ/eOOOOIIIIR nOKQJaJI/11 •11110 yKpatue/1/tH IW.11re11 /IU011106/Iellbl 113 6pOit3l>l U Q/10801 '11110 xapaKmepiiO iJ:m flfJOCitiOZO ,lfC'IO.

MY MOCTy '!epe3 HeanomrraHCK}'IO 6yx:ry, a 3<lreM 6pocWJ nperopHattcK}'IO KOHIIHtzy B aTIIKy '1epe3 PeiiH. B 41 fOJI..Y or P.X. OH )'IKe y scex Bhf3brsan orspaweHHe. a noccop~tBWMCh c Tpf16)'HOM Kaccr1eM XepeeM, l<aJ111J)tna OKOH'13TeJThHO norepl!lf no.ll.ll.ep>KJ<Y nperopliaKCKO~l rsapAJ11'111 6hJJJy6HT rsap.neliuaMH. iloKa repMaKUhr-TeJJoxpa~JHTenH .HCKamt y6HHU, CeHaT 06JI..YMb!BaJl B03MO)J(HOCTb so3po)I(JleHI1Jl pecny6.nHKH. PaJrpa6.HB HMnepaTOpCIOfA .neopeu, nperopliaH.Uhl JlBIIIfYJliiCb K ce6e s narepb. no nopore mt CJTY'I3HHO BCTperrwcSI JIJlWI Karorrynbl - KnaB.illiif. Henonro ~tall, nperopHaHUhl npo803macWJH Knaa.nHJI HMneparopoM. CeHary npHWllOCb comacrm,csr c pe3y.llbT3TaMH nepesopora. TaK cocroMacb nepBaJI ycnewHaJI nonom<a nperopuaHUeB nocraBHTb HOBOro ~meparopa. KnasllHH O'li)naro.napM rsap.nei1ueB, BblllJlaTHB ~L\1 e.ll}iHOBpeMeHHO CyMMy, paBH}'IO IKaJJOB3HhiO Ja rtJJTb JleT. Ha.oJlYICH CBH.lleTeJlbCTB)'l<)T, 'ITO npempHaHCKaH rsap)l}UI y•JaCTl!Ouana Bnoxo.ne KJJaBAHll a Eprt-

(/)uzypa c M mapR Aszycma Mllpomoopt(ll, GO'J6eOeHHOlO 6 P ume 9 l . oo P.X 3 mom MJY.HC'IUIIO uoeumur/Jm(upyemCH KUK Jlyt(mi ,ao,HII~IIii

Azeno6ap6, llY'IUIIIIi ooetta'IOJ/bHIIK Aozycma 11 npaoeo 1/Af/ICpamopa H epoua. flo6epx mymtKU naoema mepcntllIIQR moza, Komopyto npemopua/ll(bliiOCtll/11 80 6pe..uR OeJKypcma o PilAte. Jleooit pyKoii on npuOep:HCu6aem CK/IOOKII mozu. SoIIIIIIIKU U J .MJil KOU KOJICU UAfe/0111 KJIUIIUII cn epe011.

BTopof:i npe<jle10 - T1treJ1JTHH - Hao6opo-r, noMer BbJ.IlBIITh 3aroaop u yyacrsosan a ero uo.uawJCHl1H. Ka)KJlbJH rsapneeu, ocrasWl1i1CR ocpu&JM HepoHy. 1lOJJ)"'W1 no

500 .u.eHa-

pucu. O.llHaKo cnycrll acero tpH ro.ua, HoBhlii npccj>eKT HuM<j>HJlltH Ca6uH o6Hapy)l{ltJI, '-ITO npeTOp118HUbl f'OT08hl

OCT88~1Tb

Hepoti:l 11 uepelm1 Ha cropouy fanh6bL Ca611H 11pci.lJIO)K~UJ nollJlepJKJ<Y rsap.nmt 833Men 33 BJ>~nnary

7500 ,aeHapue8

K3)f(ll0MY

llpCTOpllllJn(y, HO fanb6a OTK3.3aJ1Cll M3mTb.

B pe:lyJlb111Te conepHHK fanh6bl OToH no.nrymm 23

cnerymrropa 11 Jlo6~tncll nposoJr-

naweHitR cc6ll HMneparopoM fanb6a 6bJJI K33HCH

15 RH88p11 69 ro,ua.

B OllltCbiBaCMbJH nepuo.u nom1.TH YecK3ll pOJlb llpCTOpHaHC l<OH I'Bap.U.~I H flOCTOliH~IO pOCJ13, O)l.IIBKO 8 60RX nperopuaHUbl

y'l'aCT80B31lll 0'1CHb peJJ.KO. 00JIO)KCHHe pe3J<O H3MCIIHJIOCb co CMeptbiO HepoHa. B n ocJJ e.uouan w11ii «roD. YeTbl pCx HMnepaI.JIUL1>te/tOC:eu , I<Q,IIOII011p Olllfllll)Q II CO/lOam 113 npem opuaii CI<OZO KOHHOl O 0111p110a,

TOpOB» nperOpH3BU8M n p HWJI OCb y4a -

11011 8oiin a c oaKa~ow (101- 102 u.) 31/a,,tetwcer~ (ve:cillarius) KOtmozo ompJIOa npemopuancKou ?Bapouu (equites praelonani) IUJKfl 01/l(llli ObiCrnpOU/11 COOIO myp.Hy (0111pH0 'I.UC/leHI/OCfllb/0 30 'leJI08f!K) K amaKe. Bee mpoe uocnm ul.l7eu muno o6uap)T.JICellltOM noiJ Ko6Rem~-5y6enxewto.IJ. ltwcmiiHbl }Kpowemx 113o0p~·e11tte.11 cKopnuono. Ompui (2) onuu11aemc11 08YAUI nepi>80immymbJJoW no cmopoiiOAt Ul.l7eAta. Bee mpoe uoc11m KOJib'IJ'ZU u BOopyJICeHbl lle'la.llu-c:noma.wu, nooaewelllthl.\/11 110 npoao.ll 6oKy. Omtuii II CO/lOam H3 oo,,OJIH1<'11l~~1b•lt0 I 800PYJIC€/Ibl mp€.1111 opomm:liJIIII Cnoco6 IIOCU/IIb OpOntl/KU (OOUH 8 npa80ii pyKe, 080 opymx 8 Jli!IJOU 30 lllllni0.\1), IIOJOIWCni8080H c IIOIIJloteuma Tu6epu11 l<itaBOIIJI MaKCUKoHCKOJI J npll.'>ICI> oObl'l/1011 0.111 mozo 8pe.uenu. LlJ,wllbl u 1urna110apm (ve:nllum) 11ecym 3Jlt6,1e~tbl npemopuoncKoii zaapouu. Wecnw~wn }'Kpawe/1 u:;o6pa:>~CellltJI.Mu Cl<opnuouoo. TaKoti u1um AIOJICIIO yauoemb tf>pme TpoHHa. Wecmuyzo.'lbllble utumbl. KoK 110!1azo10m. 1We10m zepltOIICKOe npouc11\ 0080.11>110 1/UC/110 AIO:>IC/10 )'61/0I!Inb 110 1100lpo6bllx pUiUCKIIX 8CQOHIIK08. 11J06pa;)K'ellue wmrmiJopma 6Cmpe'laemcR KoK 110 K0,70nne. mOJ: una tf>puJe TpaRua B C.7)''/0fiX Ulf/10110(/pm 1/Ccym KOHIIbl€ npC1110pUaHqbl. /10II:JICHOCmb 6eKCUJ/.7RpuR 1100!111(1/!P'J/C<:JOt!fll(:l/ o6HapyJJCI!IIIII>/,1'111 noOIILICJJJow. W maniJapm npeiJcmoiJ//H/1 co6mi iJpe6" KOmopo.tty KOJICOIJbiJIIU peltiiii.Mu noooewuoa.qac~> :>ICeJie:JIIOfl nonepe•nma.

CTBOB8Tb 0 CaMOM 3Ha'lHTeJibiiOM BOCHHOM

TamiiO 8 43

r. OT

. KaJJJIJ)'JI3 HJH1 8Cpo11T-

Ky CffiiCOK ero I

IICpeWeJt ace

uee K.i JaslJ.H.M .n08eJJH YHCJIO llpeTop~laHcKJIX

MblCJJHMble rpaHHUbL Cpellu 18ap.nei1ueo

KOf'OJYr llO )l.BCH8)1tli\TJ1.

B03HHK 33fOBOp

BcKope Kflae.nuil 6bm o·rpaw1eH csoef:i

(65

r.), 8 KOTOp&lif OKa:laJICII

eoaneYeH .na)KC OJJ.HH HJ .noyx rrpecpeKToB.

iKCHOii AflJHnniiHOH H IIMOCpalOpoM CTaJI cro naCblHOK Hepon. fsapJJ.it SI noAUep)l{aJJa HcpoHa. OrpoMHbJM Bm'(II}IJ1eM 11p11 l{epoHC nonb3osancR npecpeKT npeTOpHH CeKCT AcJ>paH11ii 6ypp. nocne C\1epnt 6yppa HepoH noreplUl no.ll.llep)I(J()' r eap.amt. nocKOJih-

Co.1oambl PJ'Ofl/11 oepe8bR, npOKIIQObiiiQJI oopozy, Cl{ tlla x cii K0/1011111>1 TpaRIIO. • iiOOII u a p enbet/Je onpeOeJIRIOIIICR K DK co.toambl 6.1a:ooupR Ka:uua.11. Ty1111Ku 1100011/KIIJ'IIIbl 30 lt0RC1 ttptUJOI! lllt'IO 00/110/Ct llO, IIOl'KOlii•KY 11/)'IIUK II liD llilectUX 1DCIIII!l118 D. IIICb, Q II(' CIII/10(1/IIICb, JI.,tJI PJ'OKII oepellbt8 11Ctr01lb3)'HJIII OOIIDOpfJI C/IIQilODplllllbll! 11/0IIOpblf'll IIC:KOU Dflll/111. /JOII DOfJ/11 11/QI<Jt Ce .110,}1('110 6 bL'IO lll'IIO.Ib-

iJun pe3KII iJepnu u, o CJty 'lae OIIUCHOCII/111 6 1<01/CCm ae 0/))'JI('IIJt.

106011/b

IIOXO.Il.C C MOMCHT8 cpOpMHj)OB8H1111 f83p.UI111. HC33.UOJJro .no m6emt ran b6bl n pa811Te!Tb Hmt<n ei1 fepMBHHH Asn B HteJIJII1H npoeolrnacHJl ce611 HMnepaTOpoM H

so ma-

rcpMaHCKOH apMHH .U.BitHyJJCII Ha PuM.

OTOH np11 uo.rmep}f{l(C nperopuaBCKOH reapJlHH II .D.YHBOCIOIX JICntOHOB OOCOCilliiJJ npe· rpa,umb nyt b y:~ypmrropy. B 611Toe rro.n 6e.u.puaryMOM (KpeMOHa) OTOH nOTeprreJt nopa)f(eH He.

'l8CTHOCTll 113-33 nnoxoii JliiC-

uwrrnuHbl y nperopuaHUeB. 4ro6bl H36elKaTb MY'lHTeJJbHOH cMepnt ot pyK no6e,CU1TeJIR, OTOH llOKOIIYIUl )!(}13Hb C3MOy6HHCTBOM anpe!UI

69 rona

Butenm1i1 K33HHJI UCHTypltOHOB rsapJIHH 11 pacnyctHJI yUCJlCBWHC KOfOptbl. 3ateM OH C<j>OpMHpOBM WCCTH8lJ.U8Tb HOBbiX KO rOpT, Ka)I{,Llall l.fHCJICHHOCTbfO

1000

'lCJI08eK. Ha6pae JIHYHbiH cocta8 H3 nerHOHOB H BCilOMOraTCJibHhiX •!aCTeJi.

Or-

IIYUlCHHbiC «ctapbiC» npeTopH3H Ubl co-

Ep011308b/U /11/IC.M 111//1/{1 MOIIIIICr/JOp11111110, KOIICif

llJni!Ju Xtlpmanep113JICIII CR 10JICtlJit0Jit

I IJCKO 00 P.X

cynmaua, mnam.bUib· 111/0Cfllllllll.MU. 3mu U/Jie.Aibl 0/IR

HIIKO;II Ll 11 008CCIII>IJIIII 8 11C0 111/bi.JliU npeo6naomom o apxeOPOlU'IeCKux CIIORX 8p l!J1tetL y naOKa p ecny6n11Kil 11 IIOR8/IellltR twnep11u. Ooun maKoil IUJif!-11 mo6paJiteu ua mtozpo6be ttpemoplltllll(a. CT381!nH li.Uf>O apMHH O•repC.llHOfO npeTeH.lleHT3 H3 pUMCKHH TpOH

- TnTa ct>naBHll

BecnacHaHa, KOTOpblH nonbJOB3JICSI no.ll.llep>KKOH

Ha socroKe Ht-tnepHH nocne aroporo Kp08onponHrHoro cpalKeHHII npH I>e.npwaKyMe, 80HcKa Becnacnana oca.nnn11 PHM. fopo.n 6b1Jr BJliT wrypMO\t 8 palroHe nperopHaHCKHx Ka3apM. BHrenmtlt non3Jr 8 !!Jh~H 11

20 .llCKa6pll 69

Cecmepi(UU 1/Jitllepamopu H epoua (64-66). Ha asepce npofjJu.n H epou a u uaOIIII Cb o er Callld/iusf Caesfarf A llgfustusf Gerfmanicusj Pfontifexj M/lL'<imusj Tr/ibtmiciaj Pfote.~tatef lmp{emtorj Pfaterj P/atriaej. H a peoepce cl{eua: H epou 11 cmoRII!llll pHOOJII C 111/JII 110eiiO'IfU/biii/K o6pa11~0/0itiCR K COJU)Oiti(LII. Hao~tu Cb: sf enatusj cfonsultoj 11 adlocutfioj coltfortiumj. (o.·,. 0 0/tlbl 1/0CHIII 1/J/01/(II·II elly ! IIJ/ II ltiJIItiKLI. ,llaoe 113 1/UX IIOCR/11 VOpOOIJI, ;1/0Jitem Qbllllb 3 1110 lt!(MifiiiCKIIe 1/{le.A/HIIKII.

ro.na 6bl11 KaJHCH. Ha 3TOM

rp3lK.ll3HCK3SI 80ifH3 33KOHlfHJI3Cb. r e pM3H CI\H e TC.lOXpamtTeJl n

(Germani Corporis Custodes) Ha npoT11>KeHitl1 I 8eKa 11Mneparopbr ll\lefll1 JJHlfHbrx renoxpaHHTenei:i 113 'lltcna BbiXO.llUe8 HJ fepM311HH. Tenoxpau11ren11 HC BXO.llHJTH 8 COCT38 nperOpHllHCKOH raap,nHH. noS18JICHHC rep-

)I{HTeJJH 6aT3BHfr 11 Y6HH (o6naCTH ewe HHll(e 110 PeliHy) H3ft6o-

M3HCKHX TeJTOXp3HI1TeJieH yxo,nHT KOpHRMH 8 nepHOA rp3lKAllH·

Iree lfac-ro ynoMHHatOTc~ B Ha.urpo6HbiX H3AJII·JCRX s PHMe. Te-

CKHX BOHH, KOfA3 HHOCTp3HHb!C Jl3eMIIHKH 'l3CTO 0Ka3bi83JII1Cb

IroxpaHHTeJJeii IIOC!'OstHHO HCI6f1paJJH 8 fCpM3HI111 H fMJJ!m, K3K

60JICC HaAeli<Hbl\111 COJI.Q3T3\tl1, 'leM p11MCK11C rp3lK.ll3HC, JIOllllb-

cne.nyer HJ Ha.QrrH cei1, TeJJoxpaHH rem r He norrylJamt p>rMcKoro

HOCTb KOTOpblX MOrna 8 C3MbiH HCOOAXO.lVHJ.(IlH MOMCHT U3MC-

rp3lK)l3!!CTBa. 6e3 rpa>1<J13 !!CTB3 06X01111J111Cb Jla)Ke KOM3HA11pb1

HiiTbCll. C8eTOH11H coo6waer, lfTO 0KT381t3H HMen renoxpaHlf-

Orpll.nos. Kan11ryna 11 Hepo11 ua611pan11 renoxpaHI1TeJTeH H3 •mcna rna.nH3TOp08 . fepM3HUbl, CO CBOHMH KOCM8Tb1MI1 6opo.ua~ill,

renei1 113 KanryppHTaHIIH (McnaH~ISI), KOTOpbrX pacnycTitn noc-

ne no6eAbl

H3Jl MapKOM AHTOHHCM B

30 r

.110

P.X. 3aTCM OH

MOWHbiMH cjJ11rypaMH 11 H38CCTHOii C8HpCOOCTbtO, OllH11M C8011M

H3·

6pan TCJJOXp3HHTCJICH - rCpM3HUeB H OOJib3083JJCll HX ycnyra~111

8Hll0M OTnyfi!BaJTII 803\tOll<HbiX y611HU.

or P.X., Kor.na repMaHCKIIC sapsapbr nonHocn.tO }'HHlfTO-

fepMaHU&l BH)'Tp11 .naopua J\Ciicrsooa;ur a neweM nopRJXKe,

)I(HJIH Tplt prt MCKHX JICntOH3. DO OOnltTIIlfeCKHM coo6palKCIHUIM

HO conpOBOlK.ll3SI frMneparopa s rroxo.nax, nepe.D.8Hranrtcb Ha KO·

repMaHue8 orocnan11 113 PHMa, ~ro y>Ke 8

TH6epm1

HRX. fepM3HUb! BCCfJl3 lt3XOJII!J!IICb pSIJlOM C nperopH3HU<IMH.

CHOBa pacnonaran repM3HCKIIMII renoxpaHHTenunt, KOTOp.bte

0HH npc.neraBJiliJIII COOO~l CKOpCC BOOpy>KCIIHOC <j>opM1tpOB3HHe.

.no

9 r.

r. OT

P.X.

BMecre c ero CbiHOM ,Upy30M ylfacraoaanu a nollasneHIIH soc-

qeM coera8H}'l0 qacrb pHMCKOir apMIHI. Oprauu:JOBbJBaJTuc& rep-

craHHSI B naHHOHHH.

MaHCKitC TCfl0Xp9HIITeJIII nO 06pa3UY llCOOMOraTeJibHb!X 'J3C'!Cii. Ha.unucu C81t.!leTCJibCTS)'IOT, •rro renoxpa.ruTCJiliMfl KOM311JlOsa-

B OTJJH41te OT nperopHaHuee, repMaHCKHe renoxpaHHrerut

6hWH, B cyutHOCTH , JllllfHbJMit con.uara~m uMneparopa. 6onee

aoeHa•ranbHitKII·.neKypnOHbr, uano.o.o611e Kasanep~nl. uo .o.e-

1ouopRT o roM, 'ITO 110 BCTYO·

~<:yplUi uac'111Tb1Bana nopi!.D:Ka Tp lutUaTH •renoaeK. B o.nHoii Ha;t·

ro.ny Ha npeeron KnaBJittll on~eJJbHbre lfJleHbl u~me

mtCH ynOMitHae-rcll O!IUUH, OCpOstlHO :)THM rreXOTHb!M TCpMH il O~I

paTopcKOM CCMb•l , a T3KlKe O.llHH fl3 l!b!ClllHX 80CH3lf3JibHHK08

0003H3lf31!11 OOMOWHftKa .D.CKypf10H8. HCH3BCCHIO CKOJTbKO cy-

Toro, MH Or04HCJJCHHbiC neHHll a

ua.o.mtc~t

AsrycTa CTaTI1JtHi1 Ta8p HMCJTH co6craeHHbrx repMaHCKHX re-

wecrB083I!O !CpM3HCKHX ,llCKypHH. IIO Ha O.UHOfl MOHCTC, o·p Je-

noxpaHHTerl eif. TenoxpaHHTCJTii HMneparopa, no -81-tAHMOMy, Ha-

KaHCHHOH rrpH HcpoHc, rosopHTbCR o r CpM3HCl<Oi1 t<oropTc, ·ro

6 Hpamrcb H3 l JHCJTa )KHTeJTeil £ara811H (HfllKH HH Peiht). l1MeHHO

CCTb 06WCC 'IHCJIO rCpM3HCKHX TCJ10Xp3HfiTeJTeH MOrJJO JlOC 111·

u noHce. lifepcn/JlNbte wmaHbt peoKo HOooe.JICOOLf, OONCiKO /1(/ I<OROHfle Tpaa11a 6oflt)!.UUHcmeo cmapwux J<a,HaHoupo6, a matOJCe CCJJI1 1/NIIepamop, l/300pa.JtCe/lbl HOCflUJUAiU U/111C/Hbl. f7pUHG0;7e:JICC/ K COCj/O(JU/0 11CC/011UK06, mpu6y!i HOCUnt na Jleem'i pyKe 30Romoe KORI?lfO. Ezo JIJONue Oaem e.My 803..1-/0:JICHOCntb IIOCU/111> 1/0 npaaoii cmopo11e cneijUC/Jibrtnul lam.?tc(l;? (parazonium). OOHC/KO 6 6010 mpu6yttbl IIW/ b 3 06C/,1 UCI? ;1/e'IOM-Cnamoi/. IWIIlOJ)l>ltl noiJaewuaaJI/t Na nepe6fl3u Ha .rJeiJOAt 6m<y. 8 0010 mpu6y11 IIWK:JtCe Hll0e8Gi/ U/l/011, ll.eumypuon (2) omi/LNC/emcn KpCICNbW, pefitte.ll 11a une11e. tqJCU:IIl>W T7JWU(O;H. 'JaJ<O!tOmbw 6pow1>TO ua npaeo;ll 11Jte<~e, Kpacnoii 1/l)IHUKOLt, I<WI{'(IHOlJ py6axoii C 11111epy;"a.lllt, ,\1e•1cw 11a n.ee0;1t fioKy, noncr>JCG:IJU u cmeK(J..\1 u3 etmozpaoHOii il03bt (ua pucynKe ue r:uoeu). c uRu (' maKOll

fl.eNmypttOii ;HOc IIOCU /111>

Tpu6yu npemopuaucKOli Kozopmbt, I(eflmyputJrtlf. llfJOCII/Oii (J()l/111 llepOOJI. j/,OKC:KUJ/ aoiiua (101-102 u.)' Tpu6y11 npemopucwcKO/.r JC020[Jrl1bt 1.\'l)'tuaem

mentum) JacmezNym Ha wee KfJ.YZ170II w- 1 ,1om01l 6pow&JO. Ha NeKomop&iX Naozpo6&RX fiOKO'J0/10, 'llnQ IVWU{ ;1102./IU NOCUn1b no-opyZOA·JY: npucmezueaJ/. ezo K Jatpace Ha

ooHeceNue t(eJanypuoHa. PJu)o,H cmoum

Reeo.M n,?e,,e u

zaapoeetj. /J,eHI1l)l)JUOJI npuaemcmayem J<OMauoupa nexomHI>I.M ccu7Jomo,~t. nodHfU/ PYKJ' K W;7e•liY. 3mom JKecm wo6pa.?tCel1 Na .M/10Jicecmae peilt?ecpoe. BKjt/O'Iafl Naozpo6Hbt1i .Mm(y.Mewn ({JJJafittfl MuKJWJla. NeoaaHo o61WfJY.JJCeHHozo e Typ/.1/JU. Tpu6yH ooem 6 110Heeyto ooeJICOy cmapwezo o¢u!fepa. f(;wHNblli t1JJau1 (paluda-

NeJ/ nJtau1a NO JJeey/0 PY'<Y JI~auf u myHuKa 6en.bte c nypnypHotl. Kai'i,ltOU. 3mo u3IJecmHo U3 ppecKu, wo6pa.JJCCIIO!IJeU mpu6;wa TepeHqufl, I<OMctHOoeaewezo K02opm0li XX naJ7b,lwpeHopcKozo Jl ezuoNa. Tpu-

Na.Mamb/.IJOfl C60000Hbtu KO-

6pt IWCI/111 l<'lljJGCy, o661l30HHYIO nORCiib/, l l

pellme,w. Kupacy ecezoa NOCU/lU noeepx KO.?JCaHoti py6axu c nmepyza,HII Ha n,1e<tax

,?pe6ellb

1/Q

ul!l e.Me u ao flpeA·tR 6on. 'imo6~;~ 6~>Jik flflmbcfl cpeou co!toam (xomfl, Jmo 11/0llb· KO npeonoflo.?;cenue). oorutKO pRiJorwe COJ/0Ctn1bl cpe6Nei/.

6 6010 He HOCli~1U, '11110

6/lOHO 110 U306pa.? tCeHUfiM NCI KORONNe

TpaftNa u ,woNyA1etww « AoaNKituc cu. Kozoa Howetwe zpe6Hetl 61>wo omMeNeno ltl04110 He U38eCI11flO. 11.0CJ1.eOHee C<JUoemelloCin60 0 HUX 011.1HOCltn!Cfl I( 50 c. oo PX . mo ecmo eu-1e K npafJJJeNwo U.e· 3apn. Xomn Na w.rte,1wx I «eJw u.Menuci> KpenJJeNUfl o.ruz zpe6rm. (> non.eflblX YCJIO(JURX zpe6Hu lie 1/0CUJIU. 0t<:Ol/4arneJ1bHbiU omKaJ om 2pe6Heii, no-auou.Mo.My, npolt30w.en e xooe flepeoii f/.aKctwtl eoiiut>t. Bee uJo6pa.JtceuuR. ornHOCflUjuecR t< oaH-

nepuooy, nOI<OJbteatom, lt/1W ut.uJIl1bl y coRoam ycumte<vw iJey..wa. nepeKpeU{UBa!OttiW1UCJ1 /10ROCOJ11U, 1{01110pbie He oaea,7.u cmaeumb cpe6eub. W rJe.M, o6napy.J~Cetw bul e l13paww, uJi'omoeJ!eNIIbn'i mpuOtJCITnbJO zoiJaJHU nOJJJCe, uJtUl'ICiilbHO 6btJ1 OCHCIU{eH )'CUJ71.UW!OUfUMll H(ll(jUldKClJlW u He zwe.n. Kpenlleltutl Ollfl zpe6Hfl. 3mu mMeNeNUJt npeocmaailflllu co6oii peaKL{UJO pu~HJlfiH 11a ucno.n.bJOBaHae oaKaMu cepnoeuONbLX ,He4eu (falx). BnpOlJeM, eoJ,1tOJiCNO, •uno ycu!lem·thte Ul/leMbl nOf/.6ll-1llC b /101-?tCe . fl031110; Hy HOA·t y

PeJtbe<fJ c u3o6pa:HteNtU!;II tumepamopa

Mapka Aepenun (161-180). 11.-unepamop 11a 1<011e. Dteea om uezo cmoum mpuoyu npemopuancKOii zaapouu. Ouu ooa ooe111/Jl K(/1( IJO(!f/({ tl(/f/bl/lii</J (JbfCtueZO fJfUIZ/1.

Y oooux cneea Ja non e 3ftfttKIIymbt KUII;JJCll!lbHU/paJonuu. P y «OfliiiKll uMn epa-

mopcHOZO t<wt.Jt£'(1JW y t<pawe11a op11u110t~ 2011080ii. COJ/O{lffl ClljJ(/IJ(l, flfJOIIIJ/2UIJ(I/(}lU,Uit UM/1.€/)CliiiOjJY C(IUI/101<, fl0-(IU0UM0·

;uy, npemopua11et{. 011 uocum llftall{-caZJ~lt,

<tetuyti.'l.atnt.te oocnexu u t)epJtctml e

py«ax 0(1011/•HIJlU

U(llnt.

COJIOOm (3) 11306pa.?tCell 8 WJJeMe, XOn1fl lJ 6e3 zpe6Hfl, HO u 6e3 ycwweat014eii KpecmoeuHbl. Ha KOJtOHHe TpariHa Hem cOJtoam, KOmOpbte 6bl 6wm eoopp!Cellbt IIO.AtUMO .Me 'Ia e~4e u KUH:JtCGJ/OM. OoHOKO apxeo;LOzu Haxoonm K!llt.?tCOJlbt, r)amupyeAtote cepeouHoii Ill eeKa om P.X flo -euouJHOJI·tY. omtw3 om J<uH:JtCOJ/06 He 6bt.fl noeceMecmHb!J~t. Ha KOflOHHe TpcmHa !lezuoHepot u npemopuam(ot (cofloetmbt 13 cez.MemmtbiX Oocnexax) He HOCflm wmaH08, IJ mo 13peMR. KOK Ha MOHyMeHme 13 A()a,Htowccu Ha6mooaemcR n.pRMO npomul3onoRO.?tCHaR. Kaprnmw. fhtt<o.Ne£(, 11a MIIO:Jtcecml3e peRbecjJol3 MO:JtCNO yl3uoemb £4Uf11bl c oKpyzfloiMu KpanMu. PucyHot< Na t4ume cocmoum u3 <JembJpex 30(JUII11<0fl U C!WpnuOHOB. floao6H.ote U306pa.?tcemlfl (IUOH.bl I-ta ~wiJzpo61>e ecaiJuuKa u1 8-ii npemopuaHCKou Kozopmbl, a maKJ/Ce NO cpwtaOe!lbC/JuuCKOJI't pe.llbec/Je.

HaKofle•umK T<Oili>JI. flcuo audubl iJemmm KpenmmuR llaKoue•JuuT<a, a mmotce puc:ynoK ua caum(oaO;tt zpy.Je.

llpfl8flfl cmona uMnepamopcKozo JNOl•teiiOc:t(a. Xopotuo aur)Hbl i)emMu nocKa 6eJ nMM{ea u n!lmKu. 3mo ei>uucmaefiiiOe uJo6paJtceuue tttaKOlO flOCKa, i>omei>lllee i>o Ill/C. f/Jpaoueum pe!Jbel/Ja Kam(e.rtflpuu, npemopuant~bt conpofJO:JICiJwom w~tnepamopa j(o,,wqurzHa, aeponmno

tU/

nymu iJoMoii

113 zep,wmzct<ozo noxor)a (83). Co!liJambt HOCflm tuaprj)bt u nnau~u-neuyflht. Ka:ntiJbtil i>ep:Jitum J<Onbe u OBMMtbtil t~mn. To!J.b-

t<O y 31lQ.•IfeHOCt{a .~WJteHbKuilt<py2!1t>liiu~um. Ha u~uma.x 11306prmcena KfJ/J/JWmafl MO!lHufl. Ka!luzu Hai>emt>t noaepx HOCt<08 6e1 n.tJJlbt~ea

llflmOK.

raTb 500 YenoseK. CseTOHHH coo6w.an, YTO narepb repMaHues pacnonaranc.s1 s paiioHe ca.aoa ,Uona6eJJnhr, 3a TH6poM. TaM )f(e Haxon.Hnocb If repMaHCKoe Kna.n6Hw.e. ManoaepollTHO, 'ITO repMaHur:.r HMeJJH csoero l<OMaHD.yfotuero. CKopee scero o6ruee T<OMaH.noaaH He I<OrOpTOH OCyLUeCTBJIJlJI D,ell<ypHblM .[(eKypl:lOH, KOTOpbrH B n,aH HOe BpeMJl OpraHH30BblBaJl ,lle)f(ypCTBO TeJToxpaHHTenej;j so JIBopue. 8 39 r: oT P.X. KanHryna rronyYHJI rrpopoYeci<oe npe!lCKa3aHHe Ha6pan, 60J1bUJe TenoxpaHHTeneii H3 EaraBHH. Oony'IHB npe.ncKa38HHe, HMneparop ompaa11nca a fepMaHH!O. B xo.ne nyEponJoabul zopn, o6napy.m:eHHbtii a UoAmeRX. Topn cocmoum 111 mpex •wcmeu u i>epeaflHHou pyKORmKu. 6ponJOObtii AtynowmyK ymepRH.

reweCTBHSI Ha HerO 6biJ10 OpraHH30B8HO Hey,ua<JHOe noKyweHHe MeCTHOfO KOM3H.ll.H.pa fe:rymc~Ka.

B 41 ro.n.y

KanH r yn y see

)l{e y6wJur npeTOpHaHUbl , a sepHble repMal:lCKHe Tenoxpa HHTeJU1 ouemum 11 npo\.fecanw ll.BOpeu B nOHCKax y6H HUbL B

I'O.L\Y repM8HUbl y•JaCTBOB8Jll1 B J1HKBHA3UHH 3arosopa nper o p HaHCKOH rsapnHH. O .nHaJ<O B

ro.ny sepHOCTb repM aHues

HC'Iepnan aC b, 11 OHH BO Bp eMll BOCCTaHH51 r anb6bl H3MeHHJJH HepoHy co sMeCTHO c n peropHaHuaMH. HOBbiH HMnepar op pac4l OpMHposan orpll.n. 'renox pa~•HTener,, o n acallcb, 'ITO r epM 3H Ubl CHMrJaTH3H py10T llpyrOMY npeTeHJ.le HTy. bOJl bWHHClBO repMaHUeB nep eWJlO Ha CJ1Y)!\6y K lJ.HB AJlHIO, BMecTe C KOTOp blM ~I 110fi16JIO np H 110.1l3BJTeHI111 Ml!Te>r<a nocne.uHero. M &rc nh o TOM, 'ITO

e KOHUe I

neKa HHCnrryT repMaHCKHX

TeJJOXpaHHTeJJeii 6 bl fl BOCCTaHOBJlef!, 6a3HpyeTC!I Ha e,JlAHCTSeHHOH Ha,JlO HC11, ~IMe

llperjJeKm npemopuancKoii zaap()uu, UJitnepamop Tpa11n, JtUKmop, 6btCiuuil aoena'lani>HUK, llepaaJLJI,aKCKUJI 60UHQ (10[-/02 z..z..) /1,Hnepamop TpanH (3) 13 conpo60JJCOeuuu J1W<mopa (2) o6cyJICoaem <ano-mo c npecfJeKmo~w npemopuancJ<OiJ 213apouu MapKOJ\1. KflMOUeM Jlu13uano.M (I) u ezo cmaputUM Ja.Mecmume;u~.M JlytjueM flUL/UHUeM Cypor.l (4). PucyHOK OJnHOCUntCfll( 3U.Me 101 zooa, co6vtmuJl npoucxooflm na HUJ/cne;u )J,yuae. PucynoK ci)e,wu no .MomueaM ClJeHol C!V ua KOflOHHe TpaJIHa. Bee mpu Z!lOeHbtX nepcmta.?JCa ooembl maK, KaT< nooo6aem cmapzuu,H 6oeua<tOJ/bHUKa,w. flWIHbtii. rwaUJ Jacrnec.Hym ua npaeo.M n11e<te. l7oiJ nllallfO.M H.aoema l<Upaca. Kupaca noonoJlcmta .nbHf!Hb/JI-1 peJ-tH.eM, Jaef/Jamlbl./11 oco61>1JW o6pa30JI<I. 0 L!fJeme noJLCa HU<tezo He uJeecmno. l7oo Kupacoii 1-taoema KO.JJCaHaJl py6axa c nmepyza.~tu Ha nJte<tax u noflce. Bee HOCflnl /,Uepcmflflbte tttnWHbl u KO:>~canbte 6omw-1Ku (perones) Ha umypKa.x. Ozeea 1a noJlc y ecex 3ClmKHym KztHJICOA-napmoHuii. Hatuu C6eOeHufl o6 3tnOJII opyJICuu ompbiGO<tNI>t. 0 mat<OM KUHJICCL!le zo6opumbCfl 6 KOpomKou 3nuzpame no3ma MapzJua.na. KpoMe mozo, KUH~Ica~1bt ,~tOJICNO y1woem1> l·ta ltaozpo6bfiX puoHCKu.x 60el-tCI<JOJ1bNUK06 36ClNUeM om mpu6yHa u 6b1We. Ha a11mape J(oAwteufl AceNo6ap6a euoNo, 'lmo napa101mu noo6elUU(JCIJICf/. /( OOHOAIY 113 KOftlJ06 110flCCI. OOHCIKO 3mO npeocmC/6/I.flemcfl OIUU6KOtl Uflll UCK:1IO<teNUf!J~1. KC/1( npa8UJIO KWI~ICCIJI 3CIIIlblKCIJlU 30 flOfiC maK, 'IntO OH OCmaeOJ/Cfl I-ICI ypoeHe zpyou. Tfo uso6pm,ceNuf/;H Ha J<OilOHHe TpafiHa He603MO:>~cuo onpeoe;wmb pCl3!lu'lun e ooe:Jicoe t~H nepamopa u ec.o 6bLCzuux KOJIWI·toupoe. CKopee ecezo pa31lu<tuJl 301v7JO<tCJJ/.ucb e qeeme ooe:JICdbl. Ko,wNna TpMHa a npeJtCHue 6peMella 6b!J1Cl pacKpaweHa (KaK u 6&1bWUNCmr.w aHmtt<tNbl.X ct<yJ!bnmyp). TpaRNa woaJ7ega ~~tOJICHO 6blll0 yJHanu, no teeemy nrtauea. IT.rtuHuu-cmaputuil coo6UJaem, <tmo nJ7CLttfu 6btCUtlLt eoeHO'ICUlbNW<06 61>t/lu CIJtbwu. flu6aHuu, npecpeKm npemopuaNCI<Oi/. ZIJCij)OUU, l!j)UHC/0/Ie:J!CCI/l g COC/l06UIO 8CCtOHW(Q6 ll 3Clflli>I1QJ/ 6blCU<UU 0/lfl c13oezo coc.rt06Wl nocm. Cypa - ceHamop u 6bl6tuuii I(OHcyn - 6btA oomvl'l U3 6J1uJ/Cauwux Opy3eti TpCiflNCI. JiCCJ110111pfl NO j)(l3JIUIJUfl 6 Cmamyce, uepapXU'IeCKOe tiO,qQJICeNue Jlu8CIIlt/JI U Cypbt 6ot.no n.oxo.?lcu,H, no3mOMy ONU o6a uJo6pa.JJCefll>t 6 GJ7biX llJ!CitL/ClX. l1111.nepamop wo6pmJCeN 13 nypnypNOM 11/ICIU{e. JlztK1110p (/4) Oep.?!Cttm 13 pygC/X rjJO!UUHy - ny<tO!( npymbe8 CO 6CI1lCt6/l.el#tbi;W6 HeZO lt!O t10j)O.M. (/)aumuy NOJICNO 6biJIO j)038fi3Cltnb, U JnOZOCl npymbfl l/Ct10/1.b306CIJlUCb (I l(Q<teCm6e /)03?., a ln0110p0l..t KC/31-/URU npecmynHUK06. /1;11nepamopa COIIj)OIJOJICOOJ/U 24 RW<mopa. oowt u3 l<Omopb!X t-IMCJ1 J6aHue cmapwezo. flbHfmoii umypoK, nepexaambt6ClJOUJuii </JatttttHy, a;wzo t~.eema. Tozo JJCe l{eema u n//Ollf. fluKmopClwe monop61 YKfXnuaRUCb l/306pa.JJCeHUeA1 lliOOeii UJIU :J!Cll60mHblX. J/UI(IIlOfJbl Ha6upet!IUCb U3 </UC;?Cl MUpHblX :JtcumeJteii, lfacmo uJ 'l.uc.~w 6bi6UIIIX u,,-mepcKux paooa. CoomiJemcmeeHNO, !twanop I-tOcum myHUKJ' no-zpa:ncoaHclw - mw<', 'lmo6bt ona JaKpbt60JW I<O!lel-tu. Ha uozax JtuKmopa o6btlfHbte 6aw,l-taKu.

CnewenHMtl t<OII!IIIK noKaJbtaaem ullmepamopy ZOJJ06bt aapaapoa. flo (IUCO'IltOii

cxopmtoHy 110

I!JWC111Uile U/JieAta MOJIC/10 011pe0l'.llllln.b 'llltO 3/IW "J1.pemOp110Ht?~.

IO!Ueif COM HHTeJlhHOe n pOHCXO>K,UeHHe.

OT BuTeJlJlHR no

AnpHaJu

«fo.n \.feTh•pex wM nepampoa>> 03HaMeHOBM OOllBJleHHe HOBOii Ali HaCTHfl pH MCnlX HMOepaTOpOB - .llHHaCTIHf <DJTaBHeB. r sapJJH!I BHTeJlJHi!l 6bTna o6be.llHHeHa c con.naTal\m <DJiaBHes, a o 6w.yro 'IHcneH HOCTb HOBOrO 0Tpl1Ll8 COKp aTHfl H ,JlO .UeBll Tl! r<OropT. JJarepb n peTopHaHCKOH r eap-

Epo113oaa11 'lt!lllyR, iJamupyeMaR

100

l. o m

P.X

KaJicOaR tte-

myiiKa U,llf!t!lll 1/elllblpt! MaJlellbKUt! OblpO•tKll II 00110 00.1b/UOt! om Bepcml/e 6 oepxn eii 'lac mu. llem yiiKII CfJO&mmtt!.J1bHO He6ollb UIIIe:

2,9xl,3

K oHI/aR pa:u;e(}Ka, Cl{eu a xx.01ii c KO/IOHIIW TpaRIIa. ConiJomw

CM. B cmpe 11atomcR iJocne:w , co6panHwe UJ

0060/lbiiO 601/b /1/UX •temyeK1 plOAtepOM 00

$x5 CJII.

1/0CRit/ ltlaprjJbl , JQ6Jl10IIIIble HQ

<lJOpAlQ •Le-

//({!{!.

/l.liUHHblt! KO(Jalll!pllliC-

WyeK ,uol/lo Kone6amb CR 6 J lta•mmenbiiOti cm e11eH11. 06bt'IIIO

I(U(! J1te•m-c11amw HOCHm 110 n epe1111Ju 110 npnao'" 60KJ~ K oHC·

01/ll IIJIIeJI/1 OKfJYlliMii K0tl{!f.l1 110 6Cmpe•ULIII/Cb OCmpOKOIIC'IHbiC

Kflfl y npii:JICI• yKplllu ena !1UCIII06110111JtMU II006t!CKOJI111.

u llfJ!UIOYlOflt•lll!te JKJe..MI'IARpw. 0 6 w111o •temyiiKu u:uoma«/1.1/{JMII II:J OpOH1bL U/1 /l JICe/lt!Jll.

JliHt eoccraHOBIInti, 11 npe¢>ercroM npeTopHaHuee CTaJJ CbiH BecnacHaHa - TttT. C JToro MOMe.H-ra .nomKHOCTb npe<j>eKTa npeTopwaHCKOil f83p.Q11H CTana BbiCWeif JlOJili<HOCTbiO B !C3pbepHOH neCTHitUe BCa.QHHKa. flperop~lal:fllbl COXp3Hl!Jllf BepHOCTb HOBOH JlHHacnm. llocne KopotKoro uapcTaoaaHifll TuTa (79-81), ero 6paT .D,ot.~HUtta~• (81-96) ysemt<tHn <tHCJIO KOropT .uo )leCJITJf. B cepeJlHHe 80-x fO.QOB npeTOp113HUbl Be!IH O>KCCTO<teHHble 6011 B rep~~<taHH~t 11 11a .[tyHae nponts .uaKoe, a a 87 roAy npe<[>ercr KopHemtii <t>)'l<C no tepncn nopa>KeHH.e H 6buT y611T. B 96 ro.ny y6s-w11 .[tOMHL(ItaHa, ~I npeTOpHaHUbl OOC'IHTM~I ce611 06H>KeHHbJMH. Cao10 ~teHaOttCTh OHH BhJMecrHJIH Ha 11080\1 ~tMnepatope MapKe KoKuee Hepee, KOTop~>rli eoJHeccJJ peweHHCM CeHa-ra. Hepaa HMen .nypttytO penyraumo, TaK J\3K }"'acrsoeaJJ a no.uasneHttH Jaroeopa npeTopuaHuea np11 HepoHe, w 6but npw<tacreH K y6HHCT8Y .Ll,O~II1UII3113. flpeTOpH3HUbl nOTpe008aJIH K33HHTb 0.11HOfO 113 npe<j>eKTOB - neTpoHIDI CeKyHna, J<OTOpbiH T3Kll<e y<taCT808M s 3aroeope opo111e ,[tOMHUHaHa. Hepaa 6poc11n CeKYH-

.·

flocep e6p e11HI!le 6pomonble iJemruw KoucKoil y 11pRJ1Cu, o6uapy;ucellllbte 1100 K cnumel tOM , r o/1/laHOIIR. /l.IICK/1 {1HL!Iepb1) ocHQU(el/bl ll t!ltl/l.IU/11 1 'l epeJ KOmOpblt! 11p0 11yCKO/OIII CJI pe1111111.

3 mlt rj>anepbt y~<patueu bt ZOJI06KOJIIII 1111111epamopo 11 •tepHeiiHbtMU 6 llt10Zp001lb/JlW JI IICIIlbR.AI/1. Jl.amupyiOIIICR 1130eJIIIR 0 111

40 z.

P.X.

oo 50 z.

P.X.

H aonucb ua aepx11e1i f/JMepe

ZJIQC/11/1 Plinio preafecto. n /11/HUii - cmapUIUii 30111/M(JJI 00/I:JICIIOC/IIb npe,PeKma tl.llteiiHO 6 :u no 6pe.lltR. Kaaa!leputi cKuti ut/l.eJII, cepeOllna

aeKa, o6uapyJICeH 1100

Yum'le.lii- Fpeti aen, K e.11 6puOJ/CUWp. n o6epx J/Ce/1{!31/0U oc1106 bl y!IO:JtCt!ll 6po11J06 btli JI IICm. EpOHJ06blll JI UCm ny:JtceHwu, IIOJamwllbHUK u 61/CO'IIIbte nfl a c mullbl yKpautellbl 6ponJo8b/Jitll HUK/l.QOKCUIU. llfeCm b J QK/II!IIOK II I(Opallllllbl 1/Q meft l eHHOti •IOCtnll C6 110eltii!JlbCnt fJytOIII 0 111 0;l1 1 •11110 lllflt!.Jl1 OCIIQIL( MCJI 1/CClJ(!;IfHI!lAI lpe6HeAI.

e KomopoLi. Cenmu.Muti Ceeep pmzpo.Mzut 60iiCKO c6oezo nocJteOHezo conepltUKG. npemopuOHI!bl J<i(ICmiJO(JGJ/U 6 cpaJICenuu, mag <~mo u.x 3Kunup06KCl ma101ce M02Jia nonacmb 6 Ja.xoponc:mte.ll,mmHblll Me<J-cnama, nooeewu8aeA·Iblil ua nepeexJu 'lep('111;1e<~o. cmG!I ymteepcaJII>IIbtAI opyJICII~t mozo epe;~telw oaJ1Ce cpeuu nexonum'lea. Doo flliOIIO.M lte 6bi.J10 HCiliiJeHO KUH:J/CaJ/06. repoouaH u opyzue ucmopuKu mozo 8P€!.·11eHu coo6114a10m, 'IntO Cenmrwuii. Ceeep 8 XOOe nepe{j)OpAmpOGCIHUJl npemopUGI/C:I(011 Z60p0111l (J /93 zooy, npugaJaJI yeO!IbNfll?.t~tbtM zeapoeiiLra.AI CHfltnb nonca c Jwu:>~cww;~w. llO :JnlOM)' .Mbl ;UOJICI?.tl1 Cyoumv, '1/T/0 I<IIH:JICaJibl fiO-npe;)ICHI?.tUJi IICI10;1b30(JCl!lltCb npemopuGftCf(OU 260pOuet/. Xomfl pw~tCKuft ap.Mufl. a onuCbi.CJCll?.ti10e 6/)(!.fi.IR npooofiJICa.rw ucn.Olli>306Gmb npf!AtOyZOIIMbtii tttllm-cKymyAI, npemvpuaHtlbt ;lt02.1ltl nocurnt> 08a/lbi«JI€ 11(1/fnbl C 6pOH306blAI KaHII1QJU. 3mOtn rj>agm fiOOffl(le{JJICOOeiiiCR af)AeOJ/OZu<JeCKIWII IUUOOKcwu 11 CKy/11>1/ntyJXLIIU.

l{eumypuou npemopuaiiCKOii zcapi)lm aue CflYJICObl, plu)oaoii nepu oo npac!leHull Cemmwu11 Ceaepa (193-21l z.z.) /jeHmypiiON a cao6oiJfwe epeMfl omnpaGUJICflna npOZJi!IKy 113 mopuaNCI(OZO !l.azepll (Castra Praetoria) . L(ewnypuon (I) K600j)G17!llbte KfJCICHbte 1!/!GUJII (sagwn). KpOCHYIO ti!YHlll()l C HbtMu pyKarJcwu. l1JupoKut'i KO:J!Cartbttl pe.AteHb. MOOttblti 8 me 8peCeo6oOIIblli KOHetl pe.MHJI npooeaanu 6 llfJIIJICKY u npuKau KHOIIKOii. l1JepCmiiHble lllniGHbl K ::UI101t)' 8peAteltU yJICe cmG!Iu o6bl•mOti O<)eJtcooii. 8 Ka<Jecmee o6y8u 8A1ecmo KCL'IUZ pacnpocmpanenue nolly<Ju/lu 6omuuKu. HecKOAbKO maKtH 6mwwKOG Yl/f~Jteno 00 ltGtuU.X oueii.. XomR Hel(omopole llellmypUOHbl flO C111Gpt!HKe llfJOOO/I.?IC0/111 NOCumo cmeK U1 (JWIOZpaOHOit fl01bl., .11HOZO'IUCneHIIb/€ t/G02p06bJl 1101<03bl8010111, '/1110 CmeK tjeHIIIJipUOHG IIOJI.)IIlUJI na6a!IOGU/HUf( 6 (jJOpAI<! LUJlJ/11/(U 2pu6a. tfaC080ti (2) IIOCU!Il :JICeJte3Hbltl WR('AI C .MGCCIII31lb/J11U (JUCO'lllbWU n.JtQC/1/UIW.MLI It 6pOH3080ti omoe.1KOil. Dpomomun Ut.lleA10 06Happ!Cell 1100 (J>puo6epZOM, fepAtaHUfl, flep80HQ'IO/IbHO C'l11mOJ20Cb, 'UIIO 3Jt/O K(J60Jiepu(iCKllli !UReAl, HO nO]QIIetiUIIIe UCClll~tk)BQ~HUfl i 'llt/0 Jti{JI(OZO muna WJli!JWbl HOCUJIU ne.XDmliHIJbl.

.na Ha npoH3Bon cy.nb6bJ. Ilono)!(etme HMnepaTopa 6bJJJO KPf1n1 '!eCKHM. eMy rpe6oaal!OCb ycr,JHOBHTb Hacne,nHHKa, cnoco6Horo y.uep)!(8Tb 8 pyJ<aX 8!18CTb. J1y4WHM K8H,Q~I.UilTOM 6bl11 npaBHTCJlb BepxHei1 r epMaHHH MapK YnbnHH Tpal!H, J<OTOJ)biH MOr pacc•II1TblBaTb Ha no.n.uep)\(KY BOCbMH repMaHCKHX nerHOHOB. B Ha<rane 98 ro.na Hepaa yMep, a Tpal!H ocTaJJCJl Ba ll011>KHOCTU npe<!JeJ<Ta nperopHaHCKOH raap.nHH. MHOnleCTOPOHHHKH TpanHa 6biJJH Ka3HCHbl. TpaHH aepHyncl! a PHM s conpoBOli<AeH~IH TOnbKO '!TO C<!>OpM~IpOBaHHOrO OTpl!J.Ia HMnepaTOpCKOH KOHHOti raapll.HH (equites singulares augustii). K OfiHCblsaeMOMY speMeHu Tpal!H y)!(e UMeJl OflbiT ycneu!JiOH BOMHbl C A3K3MU 113 .D,yHae, B KOTOpoif yqacraosana nperopHaRcr<all rsapD.HII . .113o6pal!<etH1S! raap,11ei.fu.es apeMefl Tpa11ua coxpaHHM!Cb .no uaw HX .nHef\. )ro 6apenr,e<fJhJ ua J<OnOHHe TpaRHa (101-102) 11 6on&ruoM <l)pH3e TpaS!Ha ( 105-106). Ha o6o11x 6apenbe<j)ax no.nYepKuaaercll Balt<HOCTb pO!HI npeTOp113HU,e8, a T3!0Ke HX WftpOr<a!l ny6JJH'l.H.Ml H3.BeC!HOCTb. IlpeTOpi13HCI<all rBap.D.IHI TaiOKe y4aCTBOBaJJa 6 nocnenHeM noxo.ne TpallHa - DapqmHcr<ow soi1He ( 113-11 7), a xone r<oropoii PHMCJ<an ltiMnepHn .AOCTHrna anor en caoero snaAbl'lecrsa B owr<yMeHe.

c uacmeuub/X pocnuceii. nJwtq-cazyM 6btJI JtCeJtmoeamoKOfJU'IHeeozo uRu meAmo-Kopu<JHeeozo LI(Jema. 5eJtafl. myHuKa OJ/UHHbWil pyKMGMU 11 Y1KU.Mu nypnypHblMU nonoca.Hu Ha n;le'lax (3QKfJb11110 00CIIe.:<O,WU). na'OZ)'JO(ibfl 'JfllOZO nepuooa OObl'/.H.O UJ06pa:J!CC/.10rn CORoam 6eJ OOCneXO(J. 3mO 6btJIO .1/Liutb aem·IUe xyiJO.JICecmaemtOiJ ,WOObl, ffWK KaK e ll/ 6el<e c)ocnexu ct~O£W noflBflflJOmCJt. /llcmopuK Kaccuii ll,uoH coo6ttlaA, wno 'IJJHnepamop MaKpuH (2 17-218) OOHa:>ICOI>t npuKa10/1 npemopuanl.jaAt CHfl.mb <Jetuyti•tambte oocnexu u ocmaeumb tqumbl. <Jm06bl coeepuwmb 6blcmpblii nepexoo. no 3moMy onucaHUIO Alb/ MOJ!Ce.M JaKRJO'IUmb. wno e 3mo epeAm uau6oJiee pacnpocmpaHeiiHb/M (JUQOJ\1 6blJ1U 'letUyi1'1amble OOC/leXU. DORCHOU peAt€Hb, nepe8J13b, -~te'l U ece OCtnG!IbHble OemOJlLJ 3KUIlltp06KU, 61>1JIU o6Hapy:JK:eHI>l 8 COJ700111CKOA4 'JGXOJ)OH€HllU 1100 JluOHOA1, oamupye.MOJ11 KOHL(OM lleega, Mo:>ICHO npeonOJIO:JICU/nb, '11110

£poHJ06t>tii yAt60H, Haii.iJeHHblli

a KupKXI!Jite,

6011 uaK!IOObl8aJICJI ua l(eHmptlllbiiYtO

y;,,_

JlauKaump. •wcmt. OOaJit>HOZO, n!loc-

Kozo tt(uma, u KpemlllCJI 'leml,tpb.MJI 26030JI,wu. 3 m om 3K1e.lm-

llRfJ JIKfJGIUell zpa6Up06K01i.

RUOHCKoe 'Ja.xopouenue 6ww coeJtaHO e 197 zo~y. noc11e 6um6bt,

J(aa KaCallepuilCKIIX tumanoapma c KOJ10HIIbl Tpo11na (cl(eHa vii). lllmo110apm cocmoum uJ opeaKa c llepeKJ100unoti u pefttneu. flQ/101111/IIIU,e c 6axpOMOti. B Ezunme nauoeu mmonoapm c 11306paJ/temteM auKmopuu.

lhmepaTopcKasr KOHHan rsap.n1H1

B uaqane II seKa pHMCKHJ:i HMnepar op nony•1HJ1 .nonon JJH· Ten&Hb!H KOHHbiH 3CI<OpT. ) TO 6b1Jla HMnepaTOpCI<aR l<OH~Iall rsap.LJ.Hll (Equites Singulares Augustii)- OT6opHbJe con.uaTbl, npelt(.ue CJJY)t(HBWI:le B f<OHHbJX BCIJOMOrareJJbHbiX <raCTSIX, J]HCIIOUHpOBaHHbi X no )l.y.Ha!O H Pei:fHy. 11MneparopcJ<aSJ t<OHHail rBap.J.11SJ 6bwa co3.naHa no o6pa3.uy orp11.noa renoxpa1H1renei1 npae~>ne nefi npOBHHUHii. Cnoao singulares o6o:ma<Jano HH.UHBH.uyanbHbJH Or60p B OTpll.n. HeKOTOpble Ha.nnHCH CBHJ(eTeHbCTBYIOT 0 TOM, 'ITO KOHHail raap.LJ.Hil 6b!Jla CQJOp.MHpOBaHa B KOHUe J BeKa, 11 , XOTJ! TO'lHO He J!CHO, KTO 113 HMnepaTOpOil C03.LJ.aJI 3T0 <lJopM11pOBaHHe, MO)!(HO npe.nnoJIO)!(HTb, "'TO cOJL(areneM 6bJJJ Tpai!H (98- 117). Ha1t6onee npas.nonoA06Holr npH"'HHOH, JacraBfJBwel\ Tpai!Ha COJ.LJ.aTb ewe O.LJ.HH orpJUl renoxpa Hwrenefi, 6blfla nomtTH'!ecKall CHTyaUHJl, CJJO)!(HBWaJ!Cil K roMy speMeHI1. Hepsa ycbJHOBHJl Tpal!Ha c uenb!O ycMHpHTb aJ6yHrosaswwx.cil nperopHaHuea CHnaMH repMaHCKHX nerHOHos. Oocne cMepn• HepabJ, npOH30we.uweJ:i MeHbllle "'eM "1epe3 ro.n nocne ycbiHOBJJeH fl ll, TpaRHY npHWJlOCb li.UT11 B PHM BO rnaae BOi.fcKa, H3 KOTOpoe OH MOr noJlQ)I(HTbCil. KaK npas1uenb npOBI1HUHH OH y)!(e pacnonaran orpi!.UOM TCJJOXp3HHTeneJ:i. 3ror OTpi!.U BOOJ!He MOf CT3Tb OCHOBOH .UJ!ll C03.UaHHil OTpR.ila HMneparOpCKOH rsap.LJ.HH. npe.LJ.bi.LJ.YWHe HMneparopbl no.no6HbiMH orpRJiaMH He pacnonaranH, nocKonbl<Y He 33HHMa.JIH ,UOJI)!(HOCTH npaBHTeJIJl npOBHHUHH. Tef!oxpaHHTenH cnyiK.Hilli npasHTeJ110 JIHWb rpw roAa, coxpaHAA cao10 per!icrpaul110 a cnwcKax 6oesbrX 4acrel\. Bo npeMl! aol\tlhJ c .uaKaMll TpMH QlOpMHpoaan no.no6HbfM o6pa30M pa3Be.llbJSaTenbHbie 01pHLlbl. ManoscpOi!THO, 'lTO con.naTbJ nepeooop}')!(amtcb w noJry"'aJUI .upyry!O 3KI11lHpOSKy. Tio3TOMy BHewHe OTpi!.LJ.bl rcnox-

KoHHbtii n.pemopuouel{ c mpoJIItCKOZO (/Jpu:Ja apKu KoHCI1taHmuua (J Pu.Me. Ammu•teCI<Utl w lleM, map(jJ u KOllb•tyza. B pyKax ut ecmllyZOflbHbt.u u(um, pocnpocmpauell lll.tii cpeou KOHftbtX 'lO Cmeu. YnpJI.Jitb y~<patu ena II006eCKOAtu paJitoit (/Jop,ubt. H a u{tlllte uJo6paJI£'ellbt mpu CKOfJIIUOita (oepo11mno, (Jcezo ux OOJIJttHO Qbl mb •tembtpe), •tmo MOZJIO ocmpemumbCJI mO!IbKO y 11pemopua1tl(eO.

H aozpo6ubtit pl!.ltbefjJ, I o. P.X. ll,enmpMbHf1fl f/Juzypa - mpu6yu Jlyt{Uit Anyneu. Om~JemJ/1160 61/0en :Jacmezuymbui ua ne(JQ,u tlfle•te IIJWU(. B pyKe 011 CJicu.Maem Kmt.1/COJI, JOmKuymbtii 3a IIOJIC 110 Kupace. Ha 6e'JbtM/IImo," 11 f1.11bt(e 011i>en ocai>utl'lecKtlit nepcmeflb.

~owcm, 312 z. Tpu6yH npemopuaHcKou Z6apouu omoaem npuKas Z6apoeutJY e npucymcmewt wmepamopa MaKCf?Hmttfl, KoHetf OKmn6pR 312 z. Mcu<ceNmut'i zomoGumCR K nepenpaee •tepe3 Tu6p. '111106ot nepexaamwnb oouzmoujeec"JL K Pu,Hy ooiicKo Koncmatmzurta. ,[/,fiJI nepe6ot!l nocmpoeH nomnomtbllt Nocm, pnOoM c y:.Jt<uJH KO;Hemtbw MU:7b6Ue6bi;WAtOcmoAt. Cnycmf! tteCKOfll:JKO om~ii, pa:;6umoe eoiicKO Mat<Cellmwz 6yoem nepenpaellRI11bCR no 3mOAty -~tocmy o6panmo . 8 CMtbtt"i paJzap nepenpMbl Mocm pyxHem, 'IIIlO 6yoem cmoumb JICU.Jftu AINOZUAt npernopuOII/.fO.M u cCLMOMY MCII<Celln·zuto. J .n~too,flu;.;•,ce•~ue M cu<cenmun. (L2) C030GIIO no CKYJIIJ/1mype •temolpex mempap.wa (293-305). CI<)IJ1ol1nl)'/)bl C/11UJ/U306011bl, Jl-1110l ll(! Q(!fr/0.1111 MOJIC/10 (J0CC/l/QI·/0(Jttn"lb nO G(JXf!OJ/Ol U't(!CKU.M, liU11!epamypNbiM U CI<:Yllbfi.I11Y{JIIbl.l>·l Q(tl//lbiJ\1. J\4.aKC(!IIfllllt"i. u::J06pCIJICf!ll (J t<pylliOM 1(0I ;H<UHO.M zo11omto.M y6ope, o6bt•mo.M OfiJt aoeNat.taJtotluKO<J a mo apeMn. KaK u 6ollbi.UIIHC!two li.Atnepamopoa, ON Nocum nypnyp!ibUt/1./laUj-flCIJIIOOO.MeHm. BepoRmNO. wtaur oonommme.J/bHO yKpmueH 30J101110ll Bl?IUttUIKOlt. fl!ICIUJ yoep:JICll(JG(!tnCII ItO 1711€'1(! C fiO;HOU/biO 30110n!OU

11Mnepamop MaKcenmuu, mpu6yn u Zllapoeet(, Mtw bQUeG

¢u6yl7&t xapaKmepnoii 01111 nepuooa no3oHeti u.;,mepuu <j)op,Hbt. Ty11uxa wf!.IIKOtJafl, c c)Aw-tHoi.MU pyKatJOJHU, yxpawet·ta 30/IOmowu 11 nypnypllbi.I>Ut nfl.mHCLHU 11a nAe'lax {lte euouo ftG mll." VHIWI !I 301/0n!OU 6bii/ILI6KOii flO nypnypHO!l Kail.,ue IJQanb NU;)1Cf/(!Z0 Kp(J.f/. floaepx m_yHuKU HaiJema KO:JJCOHOJl Kyptru<a c nmepu2aMu u t<upaca c !loHflfloW nofiCNbW l tJ~MHe.-11. K omtcoteae.MoMy MOA-tew11y e Pu.;ue pacnpocmpant/JICICIJ npaKmttKa y Kpautamb IOJIY.JICLI"tt II oocnexu f/0101/0moil. Mo:JICIIO c 60AbliiOii OOJ/et'i yaepemwcmu y meepJICO(l/11/), l.lfno tW10Jioma noKpbtBaJ/a Kupacy MaKce1mmn. B C<JOIO o•tepeoo KoucmaumuH, no onu CGHU/0 Ha1apuR, HOCWI 30110't(!Hblli U/JieM, tqum u oocnexu 60 6peMfl 6um8bl HO MuAb6UMOCmy. MoONbi.At maKJ/Ce Cl/LinlaJIOCb )'KpOtuGtnb opy:>ICue opazOt((!HHbi.MU KO.,WIIRIJJupOKUii KOJICGHbiU fiOIICIIOii peMeHb JKpaweu 30.1011/0U npRJICKOti II nJIOCmUHKO.,WU. Ceo6oOHblti KOHeq pe;,mR caucaem euu3 y npMozo 6eopa. Cnoco6 noo6eCKu Melfa, U3o6paIJJ<:eH.Hbltt 30ecb, ,uox1w yeuoemo Ha HeCKOJ/bKUX cxy,7bllmypax mozo epe;,1euu. Me" 8 HOJICHGX. yKpaweHIIIJL'l OfX/201../elmOLHU KG..AtHRA/11, uJ06pa)IC€11 C02JICICHO Me'ly 110 CK)'AMmypax lmem,(JGJ?XG16. fOJIOOKr.l 3r/JeCG 6 r/JOfllte OpRUHOii 20R00bl - 'IOCtnbiU UJI/11€/)CKUU ,HOtnU8, noCinORJIH.O ecmpe'laemcR Ha peli~Je(j)ax u CK)IJ?bllmypax mozo 8peweHu. Ji,emaJ/u noiJ8eCKU HOK nORCH.OAI.Y pe.UHIO OOHGp)QIC€11bl opxeOAOZClJIIU. /!axe nypnypHo/e WtnClllbl lt nypnyp1\"0JKX/Jibl€ 6aLUAtaKU 0/IUCGHbl 6 RUmepamypllblX UCmO'IIILIKGX n/020 8peMeHU. Tpu6yu (L3) <Jblb7Roum mpaow(UOHHO. xomn no pocKoumocmu ooenmm Of/ He ;\tOJJCem conepHU'IGmb c ti.Jlmepamopo.At. L(GemHaJZ M03auKa mozo 8pe.Meuu cauiJemeAbcm~ryem, '1./110 nJIOU4U 06bi'IHO 6biJ111 :JJCeqmQ-KOpU'I/1(!6020 l/6ema C 6oRbWU.MU nypnypltbl,\tlt nfiiii 06CIJlbHOU ¢op;11bl u 6eAbi.At zeo.Hempu•JeCKUJit opua.11emno.M. TaKJICe u3aecmHO, 'IIIlO Ha n;1e11ax uno/lax myuuKu UJHe.nuco 6ohbwue nypnypnble 060/lbHble nflmua. KpoMe mozo. nRe'laJu. u ;wau.?JCemaJit npoxooww nypnypubte nollOCt>l. Kpacublil KOJICOHblu noflc, IIICI,W;")ICLIIf 1-/(l nOJ/C !I.Amepomopa. noooep;)ICU8Ctem na h€80.11 6eape M(!'l. Me'l UMeem pyILJ CIIOU0601l KOC/1111. H OJICNbt OK08CIIlbl cepe6pOM C 'le{JHb/0. nc.ruc'o11ee JtW•tUJl1Clll oema11o :.>KunupoaKu mpu6yNa - 6epKacoacKuu /.U.lle.M, J'KpaweHii cepe6poM u JOAOI/10.M. TaKue LUJle.Mbl /IGUQellbl noo Ji,oupHe, FOR!IGNOUJI, u (J BeNZ. 0 6a o6pC13tJa 6ozamo yt<pauteNbt. )mo lt011bl.ii. mun. uiJ/e.Mo. Ho'laewuu 6blmecHJimb

6011ee 11pUAIU/IIU({Ifl>/ll CI!<',Ueflmflbltl Ulf/OfiZe.Jib-LU/Ie.M. f13M€/Ielll/fl (( :JI<Uiltlp08KU U 800p)'JICeHUI/ pUJucK.w: co. u)am , npouJouteowue 6 NG•JG!Ie IV 6el\"a, 8b/36Clllbl me.11, 'lmo /!IIOK//eiii/1{/N Op20flti301J(I,-I NeC/\0:/bKO 20C)'OGpC!11(J(!f/NbiX opyJJCeiJnbJX ,11GC111epcKttX, npu36aNHI>tX t~eHmpamnoeanno cna6JICfllllb apMIIIO u npemopuancKym ,'rmpowo 8ce.u neo6oou.Mb1M. f eapoeez1 (LJ) IIOCUIII wnaHi'f!.1o·UIJI/!J11 6e3 zpe6uR. W nf!.iltol "Jmozo mu11o nO.'IY'IUJ/U pac11pocmpaHenue 80 6mopoii nOHOIIzme Ill eeKa. Ocu0611blAt ux iJocmouHcmeO.II 6t>ulll Oeltle6U3fiC/. f1J06pa:>tCeHHbtll HCI /)IICJHKe umeM uJZomo611eu 111 ~em~>~pex :J/Ce?e311blli 11/IOCIIIlllt, COeOutt(!HHblX .tteJICOy C060ti :JICe?eJuwtu n0;10CCwu. Ta~<:oti ume11 6bo o6uapy:HceH 6 Ezunme, noJiJHee {J.ftaJIOl/l'lHhlii 06pC11€1J N(/WJIU 1100 f/eiiiJenOJII. ll111auzeJlb-~Wie.Aibl BuOHbl Hfl c~<:yJ?MIIIypax apKU ra~epwz. DeJI(J.fl myHUKO c 6oJ?ee zpy6&1,11 yJopo,H, 'leAl y mpu6yHa. lfeUiytt'latm,,.e oocnexu. Ha {Je.J/ber/Je ft(/ opKe KonCtnG/1/IIU/10 t.tewyi:t <taml>/e OOCne.Xu C/1)1JICQ/11 om.m.t'lumenoHbtAI npu1HGK0,11npemopuam.,eG MaKceumufl. 1aapoee'1 oep.)ICU/n B pyt<ax 6o!1owou t<py2ll&ni t14um c aepmuKG!Ibuoii pyKoftn11WiJ u zopuJoumG/lbNot..\4 pe6po,-lt JJcecm.Kocmu. Ha.M NU'Ieco He ml!ecnmo o6 3Jl·t6!1e.Ma.x Ha 1.411max npemopual-ttfetJ G :mw apeM.R. lvfo.?JCHO llUtttb npeonwwJtcwnb, 11mo e JW'Iecmae 3.MOJZe.M ucno!lo3oaa;m CKOjJ/11101-ta Will fept<)>Jteca, !i."OII10(J020 C4UtnQ,7U 110Kp01JUJ"I!e.J/€M /V{GJ(C(!HmUfl. pa HHTenel1 11 paJ Be.U<tHKOB n pe.ncTaBJHIJ1 11 co6oi.f necrpoe 3pem-rll(e. 3 .nHTapHbl n eTa-

rye

OTplUla HHt<aK He ITO.Ulfep KifBaJ1CH. Tio-

Cl<Oflbl<y HX n pe6t.IB3HMe B OTpil.lle 6bLnO BpeMeHHbiM, COJ1.ll3Tbl .l(a)f(e COXpaHRJlH CBOfl crap bre 3M6neMbT Ha lllHTax. Con.uaTbT , oro6paHHbJe B PHM, B oTmt 'IHe OT npOBHHUBaJlbHbiX Te.JlOXpaHHTeJleH, T3K HHI<Of.ll3 H He BepHyJIHCb B CBOH 'JaCTl1, nepeii.lUI Ha IT OCTO~ HHYIO CJIYlt<6y K HMneparopy. ITo Mepe Toro, KaK seTepaHbl YXO.ll.HJJH B OTCT3B Ky, Ha 11X MeCTO n pH6biBaJJI1 MOJIO.llb!e BOHHbt, li 'IHCnO TellOXp a.HHTe.neJ;i ocrasanocb HeHJMeHHbtM. TenoxpaHHren ei1 HMneparopy npe.ncraBJlstn tt npa.BHTeJllf Op0Bl1HUHH , KOTOpb1e OT6Hpa11H r<aH.ll.ftAaros

~13

•Htcna con.uar, n p ocny-

)f(HBWitX OT Tpex AO CeMH JleT 11 .ll0Ka33.6WHX cso10 6oecnoco6HOCTb. 11MneparopCKHe Te.JlOXpaHHTenf-t OOI1Y'13JIH p 11MCKOe rpaJKAaHCTBO HeMeAJleHHO 110 l3YHCJleH Htt B OTpR.ll, B TO BpeMJI K3K 8 06bi'!Hb1X BCOQMOrare.nbHbtX '13CTRX rp3)f(.ll3HCT80 .ll.383JIH JlHWb TeM, KTO OTCJly)f(f1Jl

25 !leT.

!1Mneparopct<aR KOHHa.ll r sapm1JI opraHH30BbJ..BaJJaCh no npHHUJ-my 06 bf'I.HOH KOHHOif aJJ.bl, M KBapmposana s co6crseHHbJX KaJapMax Ba UeJJHKCI<OM xonMe. 06ll(ee KO-

Mal-l.l(OGaHHe OTpl!JlOM OCYJ.UCC'fllJUJJl TpH6yt{, XOTIJ CCTil CBC)lCHHJI, 11TO J <OHilbiC raapJ1CHUbl KaK-TO ITOL(tfHHSIJI.HCb ~~ npcqleK'I)' nperOpHaHCKOH raapiD1H- TpH6YH KOHHbJX rnap.nei1uea, K81< npaBHJlO, HMeJl )a ITJJClfaMU fOll.hl cnylf<6br 8 C'OpD.L(CIGIX HJJH OpeTOp118HCKHX KOfOpTaX. Tpu6yH KOHHOH rsapJliiH ~tMen xopoume waHCbi B 6y.nywet.r eraTh npe¢eKTOM nperopHaHCKOA rsap,!U!H_ 0Tp$Ul.UeJJIV1Cll Ha zypMbr YHCJlCtll rOCTbiO 30 'ICJIOBCI< ll Ka>l(llOH. TypMy 130JfJiaBJIJ!JJ .neKyprrmr, KOTOpO~Vry noMoraJIH A)'llJrHKapHii H ceCI<OHllJJHKapHi:f. CrapIIIHH tlCKypHoH HOCHJJ rra·.1u:ume decurion princeps. I 111 r1H s csoeii Kmrre «06 yKpenneHHl!x H Kpcnocrllx» (rnaBbl 7 H 30) C006UlaCT, lf1'0 1UICJICHHOC'fb HMnepaTOpcKOH KOHHOH rsapJl m1 COCTUBJJliJIU 600 'ICJIOBCK. B :now pa6oTe, KOTOpy iO pa3Hh!C 38TOpbl .nampyiOT 8 Jlft811a30He OT KOHU3 TllO KOHUa 11 BCKa, Oll11CbJSaeT CnOC06 Opfa11H3UUHH speMCHHOfO narepll BO speMJl noxo.na uMnep<rropa. Jlarepb sMewan .no 450 f(OJiHbiX rsap.nei-1uea pll.llOM C naJraTKOH HMnepaTOpa, OAHUI<O npeJlyCMaTpHBaJJOCb MeCTO wur 600 •1eno8CK. Pac'!CTbl, c.nenaHHbJC no .naRHbJ~J .net.106H11H3auHOHHOro CITHCKa, ITO:lBOn!HOT OLtCHIHb 'IHC..TlCHHOCTb OTp11ll3 B 1000 '!CJIOBCK. r Ae-TO nplf CenTHMIIH Cesepe (193-2 11) Ha UenuiicKOM xonMe 6b1Jl pll!lOM co cTapbrM opraHHJosaH HORblil JJarepb KOHHOii f'R3p.Ll~IH . Ha.nnHCH R Jrarepc CBH.UCTCJJbCTByIOT 0 TOM, 'iTO narepb 8MCW8Jl 500 'IeJIOBCK H 'ITO t<OHHa.lf roapD.IUI C'f3Jia COC'fOllTb H:l .ll8YX OTpR.UOB, Ka>KD.hr~ 113 KOTOphrX B03r1138Jil!JICll TpH6YHOM. HeH3oeCTHO, npoHJOwno JJH paJ.D,eneHHe craporo OTpll.na Ha .ll8e 43CTH, ~IJIH BTOpOH OTpll.U CQJOpMllp08aJJI1 331·1080. Ha6KpanH KOHiibiX rsap.neliJ.{eB rnaollbJM o6pa30l\1 H3 n.yHaHCI<HX JlCfi:IOJ:IOB 11 H3 npCTOpH3HCKOH f88pD.11f1. TenoxpaHHTeneii 'Jacro nepeso.nHnH ua I<OMau.nHpcKHe .non)I(HOCTH a KOHHbie •Iacnt no sceii 11MnepHH. TaK 'iTO oTpA.n TenoxpaHHTenei-1 OJlliOBpCMeHHO Bbii10JH1JlJl QJYHI<UHIO «OqlHttepcKOfO Y<i~lnHlUUl>, XOT.Q ero fJ138HOH Ja.ua•JeH 6b1Jl0 COnpOBO)f(.[leHHC H OxpaHa HMneparopa 80 BpCMI! nOXOJlOB. M O)I(HO npe.nn oJI0)1(H rb, 'iTO KOH Hbie r aap.nef:iubT Y'I3CTBOBaJJH 8 noxone TpaSII:fa npOTr-lli .4aKOB. 0HH TaloKe y'lacrsosan» B noxo.ne A.npHaHa ua socroK ( 130), a npH CenTHMHH Cesepe cpa>I<3JlHCb no.u JhtOHOM ( 197) 11 Ha socroKe (202). Bo scex nepeYHCneJrHbJX cny'laHx KOH HaJl H npeTOpHaHCKaSI rsap.UHJl .llCHCTBOB3JJH COBMCCTHO. bJUJ30CTb KOHHOH rsapiDtH K ~IMnepaTOpy D.3JKe B MHpHOe SpC'IUI CTaJl3 npHlf.HHOlt C06btTI1ll, OnHC3HKOfO repO.ill13HOM. 8 189 fO.D,y D.11ll p33rOH3 TOJIDbl, OI<py)I{HBWC/.1 :JaropOAHYIO BHJIJlY H.Mnepar opa KOMMO)la, npec]ler<T rrpCTOpH3HC!<Oj;\ rsap,UHH KJreaH.!lp HCI10JI.b:l08aJ1 I:.IC

1500 YenoseK, npH6bl8wero 113 AffrnH ri c UCJlbiO y3HaTb npH YI1HbJ CfO 8MCW3TCJibCTBa B .nena OpOGHHUHH. l<neal-l.!lp MCHl!Jl npll· QJC!<TOB K3K nep'131'KH, HCKOTOpbie H3 Cr'O >KCpTB ycrresamr np06b1Tb B JlOJ!)I(HOC'fH 8CCI'O HCCKOJJbKO D.IICH. 0 188 ro.ny OH 06'beJlHHHJl ITO.ll C80HM KO,t3HJlOB3HH.CM 8CIO npcropHaHCKYIO f 83plllll0 c o6o~1Mu npe<)>eKTaMH. HMeHHO K.neaH.np cnpo8ouupoaa.IJ pe3 JIIO rpa)l()l3HCK0 1'0 HaCCJ!CH ~III KOHHOH r133 p.U11CH, B pe3yJJbTliTe KOTOpOfO H84llJ13Cb HaCTOJlUl311 6HT83 C I'OpOACKHMH KOrOpiaMII. O.uHaKo KneaHJ.tp na.n, a a KOHue 192 ro.ua y611n11 KoMMO).la s pe3yJlbTaTe Jarooopa, o praHH3088HHoro rrpecpeKTOM JTeTOM. HoBbiH HMnepaTOp ilepn1H3KC, KOTOpbiH T3K)I(C Y':!aCT8088Jl B 331'0BOpc, BbiTWaTHJl npeTOpH3HU3M npeMHIO B pa3Mepe 3000 ,aeHapuea Ka)f(.£(DMY. O.nHaKo now cyMM bl xsaTHno JJHWb .wrn Toro, 'IT06br npeTOpHaHUbi COXpaHJlJlH J10WibHOC'fb TpH MCCHLt3. 28 MapTa J 93 fO)lll n eprnHaKC 6b!JI y611 J' 11pCTOpHa!i.UaMH. )J,anee nocne.nooan O.!lHH H3 caM biX MpaYHbrx nepuo.noa a HCTOpHH PHMCKOH 11M nepHH. DperopHaHCKal! rsap.aH~J ¢ aKTH4CCKH BbJCTaBifna PHMCKyro H:~mepJHo Ha ayKUIIOH. H~meparopc K~ri:t npCCTOJl MOf 6yK83JlbHO K)'I1HTb Jli060H, npCJmO)I(HaWHH XO· pow He .UCHbrH. T a1<11J1.1 noKynaTeneM cran ceuarop )J,H.!lHH lOmlar·l. O.nHaKo .nyHai1c1<r1e nen10HbJ Sbl).lBHHymr caoero HMneparopa - JlyttHJl CemHMHll Ccsepa. CenTHMI~Ii oca.nHn PHM, cyMell npH 3TOM o6e38pe.nHTb npeTopHaHcKyro reap.nHro. CTaa HMnepaTopoM, CenTHMHH Cesep pac<jlopMHpoaan HMCBwHecJl Koropihl r sap.llHif, a H3 HX MCCTC CQJOpMHpOBaJJ HOBble, Ha6paHHbte CpC.lll aepHbJX eMy nerno11epoa. KaK H npe>l(,l.le, HMnepaTop nonan no.n BJlHI!HHe CHJlbHOro npe<jleKTa Dnasr11aHa, KOTOpbrH 6hrn y6HT B 205 ro.uy. 0AHaKO nperopH<tHCJ<all rsapw·tll c .uo6necTbiO cpalKllnacb 3a CenT11MHR Ce aepa c MJlTe>J<HOH apM Heii Kno.nHn A.'Jb6HHa no.Q JlHOHOM ( l97), a 3aTeM conposo>t<.nana CenTHMHII Ceoepa 8 ero soCTO'IHOM noxone ( l97-202) H noxo.lle nporns AHrmm (208-2 11) srrnorb .no CMeprH H~meparopa s 21 1 ro.ny s H opKe. Ka paKanJTa, CbiH Ceaepa, He nonb30aancl! asTopuTeTOM y 11pCTOpH3HUCB, 11 , CAB3 830HD.II Ha npeCTOJ1, 6bJ!I y6HTCBOI1M 6paTOM feroi.f . fera HMeJl O.!lHY CTpaHHJIO HJ).CIO • BO 'iTO 6'£>1 TO Hll CTaJlO OH CTpeMHJJCSI B03p0JlHTb B pHMCKOH 3pMHH OOCTpOCHUe M3KC.UOHCKOH <jlanarrroi:t. 3TH nnaHbJ OH HaCTOH'lHBO npOBO.UHJ! B )I(H:lHb BITJJOTb .UO 217 ro.na, K0f.ll3 6br11 y6~-tT B XOllC K~IIT3HI!H 113 BOCTOKC npe~>CKTOM npCTOpHaHCKOU f88p.llHH MaKpHHOM. MaKpHH npouo3rnacH,, ce6.st HMneparopoM r-r npouapcr sosan ro.n, no1<a He norepncn nopa)l{eHHe OT apMHH 3nara6ana - BHy'iaroro nneM!lr-ntHKa )I(CHbr CenTHM11ll Cesepa fOn11K .[(OMHbt. DpcropH-

nperop~o~aHues, a I<OHHbrx raap.ueH.uea.

aHUbi OTKaJ8JJHCb OpHHS!Tb no BOCTO'IHOMY CKpOCIIHb!H KYJ!bT 3nara6ana H a 222 ro.uy BMecr o OTBepnlyToro «nony6ora» HMneparopo~1 craHOBHTCII 13-nCTHHii Ceacp A neKcaH.np. DperopuaHUhl T)'T )l{e B36yHT083Jli1Cb H 00Tpe6oa3Jlli OT liMOepaTOpa npl!1((138 o so3apaweH!1H s Pr-tM. B 3TOT nep11o.n rrperopHaHCKHe npet\)el<Tbl co6HpaJJH s c.som< pyKax ace 60JlbWC H 6onbure anacnr, Ha.JH3'!3l! ff CHHMaSl C JlOJDKHOCTH '!HHOBHHK08 00 8Ceii HMOC-

KOHCU HCTOpHH HMr!Cp3TOpCKOH KOHHOfi rsap,UHH HCliCC.H.. r .11.e-TO a 260-x ro.uax 0 KOJiHOH roap.D,11H ynOMHH310T ace MCHbwe H MCHbWC, a K IV BCKY T3KHe y nOMHH3HHll HC4e:l310T COaCeM.

II J1 Ill

6CK3

80H Hbl K0HU3 I - H3'!3J!U I! BCKa, a T3K)I(C B03pO.U11BW3RCll Tp3.U11UHJl JlH'iHOfO Y'lUCTHll HM!leparopa a 60C8br X ,neiicTBHSIX npe8paTHnH nperop~raBcKy10 roap.UJ.liO ~r:l .nsopuoaoi-1 a nonesyro 'iUCTb. II aeK CT311 apeMeHeM anorell B HC'rOplH! npCTOpH3HCKOH raap,n1111. DperopuaHUbJ conposo)l(,llaJJH JTyu1tll Bepa B ero ooxo.nc na 80CTOl< a 162- I66 ro.nax , a TatOKe Map.Ka AspenHl! s ero ceaep HbJX noxo.uax a 169- 175 H 178- 180 r.r. B cpa)l(eHHliX nor H6mr .Ll88 npe<jlei<Ta, a 0 .ll06JleCTH 11pCTOpH3HCt<OH raap.D,HH OT.neJJbHO ynOMJ!HYfO Ha KOJlOHHe MapKa AspeJTHIL CbrH MapKa A apem1ll KoMMO.ll, sc-rynHBWHil Ha npecTOJI a 180 ro.ny, H:l6eran OTKpb!TbiX BOe.t!HbiX ,UCiicTaHH. 3acKy'l38W3Jl a Ka.JapMax nperopHaHCKalt rsap.nr·Ul CHOBa Ha•rana nnecnt HHTpHrH. npe¢el<T n epcHri (182-1 85) r1 BOJJbHOOTnyweHHHK KneaH,4p ( 186 - 189) cpaKTH'rCCI<H np116pamr K CBOHM pyY<aM 6C380JlbH0f0 HMrrepa-ropa. Dc.pcH H naJJ JKCpTllOH OTplt,Ua 'IHCJJCHHOCTblO

pHH. 0 JIHHM H3 raJ<IfX «cepbiX Kap.n~tHano8» 6brJl IIamiMHH, J<oropblw cran npe<)>eKTO.\ t a 203 ro.11.y 11 y.uep)I(HBMCl! Ha .uon)l(tfOC TH snno'fb .11.0 co6CTBeHHOii KaJHH a nep8bte D.HH npa81leHHII KapaKannht. B ro.nr.r npa8neHHJ! A.neKcauApa D.OJl)I(HOCTb n pe<jleKTa 33HHM3JJ YJlbOHH, KOTOpbiH 8 KOrie'!lrOM I!TOre 6hrJl y6HT CBOHMI{ )J(e con.naraMH Ha rnaJax HMnepaTopa. )lpyrHM o6beKTOM .UJlR HCH3BI1CTH npeTOpH<lfiCT<OH rsap.D.HH CTaJI KacCHH .[(HOI!, KOTOpbiH ace >Ke yuene;1 H ocr asr·tn traM npe8ocxo.nHyro HCTOPHIO PHM<l, CJl Y)f(3UlYIO OD.HHM 113 JJy4WHX 11CTOlJHHKOB TOfO nepHOD.a. B 235 ro;zy A.neKcaHJlp 6btJl y61tr, tra 3TOM npeceKJJacb AHHacTHJl Cesepo.s. MMnepHJJ noseprnaco a nepr1o.n aHapx.HH. 8ap8apb1 Hace.namt Ha CCBeptryiO rpaHHUy, O.D.HaJ<O BOHCKU BMeC'fO 3aWHTbl rocy.aapcrsa 11COOJlb308aJTiiCb B 80HHaX MC)I(.lzy npererr.net·JTaMH HU TpoH. 8 238 ro.ny, KOrJJ,a OCHOBHbre CHIII,r nperopHaHCKOH roap.n~rH

HaxOMJ1HCb a noxon.e, narepb .rsapwru 6blll

:fio 6Mn KOHCU npeTOpHaHCKOH raap-

OKpy)!(CH TOJJ OOM OJ6yHTOB8BUn!XC.R lKJtTe·

.D,lHI. KoHcTaHTHH pac<j>opMHpOBaJT npero-

neil PKMa. TeM apeMeHeM HMneparop

pHaHci<He KOrOpTbl H Cpbut 3303.llHYIO CTC·

MaKCHM11H, He C)'MCBWHH 6blCTpo cnpa-

HY narepll, KOTopa.R Haxo.nHnacb BHYTPH

BHTbCSI C fOpD.H3HOM, npeTCWJ.OBaBtrn!M H3

ID1HHH AllpeJJHesoi-i creHbL B 3aMeH npero-

npeCTOJl, 6b1Jl y61iT CBOHMii >J<C COJl)l.8T8·

p.HaHCKOH rsap;nm K oHCTaHTHH ccpopMJ1po·

MJ.t,

a TOM 4Hcne 11

nperopM8HU3MH. BbiA-

Ban HCCKOJThKO co6cTaeHRblX rBapAeitcf<KX

BIHtyTble Ce H3TOM conpaaHTeJlH n ymteH

o1:pst:.noa, YKOMJlJTeKTosaHHbiX repMaH.uaM.l-1..

H Eanb6HH OT03BanM nperopHaHCKyffi

o PHM , HO nan H or pyK

raap.nu10

K ynHBJieHJffO, .noiDKHOCTb npecpei.<Ta

npe-

aepHya-

TOp.Hal-JCKOH rBap.DJ!H coxpaHHJI8Cb, XOT.II OHa

5ecnOpll,llJ<I1 npO.UOmK8JlJ.1Cb. no cne

CK8MH . I>onbllie n peropHaHCT<ytO rsap.n1110

WKxcsr

238

o ropon

~e He CBll3bJBaJJaCb C T<OM3H.!(OB3HI1eM BOJf·

roap.aei1ues.

ro.na miCbMCHHbiC HCT04HHKH , K3.C8·

HJ.U<TO

cpopMHpoaan.

IOWHCCSI nperOp118HCI<OH raapD.11H, CT8HO·

249

B.IITC.R CKY.IHlblMH. B

ro.ny nperopHaH-

111>1 y6umt Cb!Ha HMneparopa <D111ntnna. B

(270-275) npe-

BHeWHUH o6nKK nperopna1-1ues H3Me-

ropHaHUbt y"acraooaJTH a noxo.D,e npOTHB

HilnCl! c TCl.JCHHeM apeMCHH. P aJ}"MeeTcll,

ro.LU>t npaoneHH.II Aopen11.11

nanbt.ntpbl. B

297

ro.ny OHit aMecre c

MaKcHMHaHOM y'laC'l:SOaanH

acpp1tK8H ·

CKOM noxo,ne. HaKOHeU, JlHOKJi eTH8 H (284-

305)

COKp8THJl 'IHCJleHHOCTb OpeTOp1i8H ·

CKOH raap.llHH.

HH 0 K8KOrt YHHcpOpMe B COBpeMeH HOM nOHHMaHHH :noro

cnoaa a

•e ro.nl>I pe'lll

He wrro. HeKoroporo eD.HH006pa3HJI y.na sanocb .A06HTbCI1 6naro.uapjj MOlle, a IaK>Ke ueHTpanH3osaHHOMy CHa6JKeHHIO. CospeMeHHble

KoHeu. n peTopuaHCJCoil

raapaun

HCC1le.!(OB3H~

nOKa38JlH, 1-11:0

BHellJHlfH 06JIHK COJJ)l8T 0)J.H0f0 0Tpli.Ll3 MOr pa311H'i8TbCSI O'leHb 33MeTHO. PacKorr-

KoHeu nperopuaHCKOH raapA~I H 6hl11

305

Tempapxu IIJ06pa:JICUIOm 810 1/MHyw Hn :.m10ii c~<yRbiWIJ'pHoti zpyn-

KH Ha MeCTC 38XOpOHeHHH H BOeHHbiX Jl3·

opyJ~t6y.

ro.zzy .naa crapw11x TeT-

repeii no.ncraBMJlH no.n COMHeHife 4eTKOe

n e IIOK03011bl K ouCJnOII/(IIIi II r(IJiepmi

papxa - )lHOJ<JTeTHaH H MaKCHMHaH - BhiW -

p8311H'leHKe 31<.HllHpOBKH Me>K.ny 11efllOHe-

JIH B OTCTIIBKY {'ITO He06bi4HO C8MO no ce6e),

p8MI1 H COJI,l(3T8MH 8CfiOMOf3TeJlbHbiX 48·

(060 Opyzu:x mempop:XO JJ,tWKlt emi/OH II M oKCu.M uou). <l>uzypbl 6bf COm ou 1,3 ~1 empa. Tempnpxu ooembl OOIJHOKOCO. OmaepcmuR oo n 6y cny.11CIIJIII 0;1JI Kpen-

6eccnaaeH. B

a KX ~v~ecro 33H.RJHI Ue38pb ranepHJ1 11 KoH-

crel1, noK838HHoe Ha KOJlOHHe TpollHa .

cTa BuHi:i. ro.no~·r cnycni KOHCTaHUiti:i YMCP

' IHCJle npoyero BbUICH11JlOCb, 'fTO MHOrHe

s t:iopKe.

P~IMCKall apMHJI B AHrmm npos03-

COJI.U8Tbl 8CIIOMOf8TCJibHblX Y8CTCH MOf·

l l eHUfl Oe/11<06. n /10 /I(·IIOJ/IOOll./ttellm, KU·

rnaoma

MMnepa-ropoM ero Cbi Ha KoHCTal:f-

nw HOCHTb cerMeHTiible nocnex fl ( lorica

poco c omoemcoii

THHa. llperopr,m r~Cf<aJT raap,UJ.J51 B~>IJJ.BH~.ryna

segmentata), B TO speMll K3K HeKOTOpbiM

u eii. Ka.11cObui tJOopyJ,cen ;lle•tOM, HO:JJC-

1/3 OpOZOI( eiiHI>IX Klllrl·

csoero nocnenHero HMneparopa - Mat<ceH-

neflofOHepaM np11X01lHJIOCb .UOBOJlbCTBO·

Ubl OIIIOM

TM , Cl>uia M aKCHMHaHa. M aKce11n ri1. rOHH-

saTbCSI YCIIIYH'IaTbiMH .nocrrexaMH (lorica

TOHWl -nH.JI

n peTOpH3~1Lt3M

squam ata) .HJlH KOJibqyroif (Jorica hamata).

AnpeJlHll

yCTpOHTb pe3HIO. 01<p)0Ke11Hbl fl MllTe>KHH-

Meum Ha n pe.n.Merax 3KH n l1 pOBKH , a Tat<-

6t.1m 1 pacnpocTpflHeHbt KaK cpeM nperopH-

TCJib XpHCTH3 H, pa:JpeWH!I

fllibl

Opf/l01(€1Uibl;lfll

1((/; lfUJl./1111.

(138-161) H Ha KOJIOHHe MapKa (16 1-180). Arr."PlCCK~J e wneMbl

1<81\iflol. MaKceHTHi.f uenKo y.nep>KK OaJI srraCTb,

ll<e c nHCKH, r oaopSiume o 3al.lep)KKax Bbm -

am ten, Ta K "t cpe.nH nerHOHepoa, CCJI H cy-

31 1 roey c

noMOWhiO npe-

JiaT 33 O.Ue)!(.!ly H 3K.H011p0BI<y. CBH}leTeJib·

JlHTb nO BCeM H306p3>Ke~II-I.~M Ha ny6JJJ.Io.fHblX

cpeKTa nperopHaHCKOH rsap.nmr yHH'ITO)I{HTb

CTBYIOT 0 TOM, 'ITO COJI.!l8Tbl lf3CTO HOCH·

3Jla~nt llx, BKJ\10'iaS! Tpilli HOB <jlpH3, n oM e-

O.UHOI'O H3 npereri.D,eHTOO 113 npecron - Jlo-

JIH OpC.!lMeTbl 06MYHAI1 POBaJHHI, KynneH -

lllCHHbiH 8 HaYa.JlC

HbJC 38 csoH: C'l:eT. Ot.lleJJbHbte neranH o6-

THH8. Boo6ute, .UJU\ csoero speMeHH n pero-

u .aa>Ke CYMen a

MHU11JI AneKcaH.npa.

B 312 ro.ny

s JilranHIO

npH6bm KOHCT8HTHH, KOTOpbt~i cy~v~en p33-

MYH.LlHposarnut J.J3roraanHBMflCb H3 p83-

pHa~J llhl Bblrfi.IIJleJI~I

6HTb apwuo npe¢eKTa no,mei1H3. MaKCeH-

Hbi.X M.arepHanos H nopa:JHOMY yr<pawa-

H0,

np~tMCp~IO

BeKa 8 8pKy KOHCT3HfiO.U4epKHYTO apX811lf-

T3 toKe KaK B HaWI't )lHH Bbt r -

6e-

JII1Cb, 'iTO rQBOpHT 0 p33HOI1. COCTOJITCJlb·

JIIl.IIJ!T aHrnHHCK~fe ne JllHe rsap.nei1ubl, ox-

pery TH6pa. Jilci'O'lH~tKH npowsope<iarJlpyr

HOCTH con.nar. KOHCYHO, COJill8Tbl B COCT3·

paHJOOfUHe KOponeBCKI-tH .nsopeu.

.11.pyry, HO OH [)OCTpOIUI fJOHTOHHblH MOCT p11-

Be OJlHOrO 0Tpl1Jl.3 MMenll npHMCpHO OJlH·

.Ll0M c KaMeHHbiM MHnbst~esbtM MOCTOM, no-

H8KOBOC Opy)KJ1e, XOT.Il. l:l.l1J<1! KHX OOfibtTOK

TOMY 'ITO C3M MOCT HJIM 6bUJ paJpyweH BJIH

CT3H.napTH38UH~f

THH no.o,rot'QBHn o6opoHy Ha cesepHOM

OKa:Jancll CJJHWKO~l yJKJIM ,llJUIOOnbwoi1 ap-

Uln eMbr

HC npeAnpllHHMMOCb.

HeKOTOpble nmbl 31.0ffil1p0BKH 61>IJ1J1 xa-

ATIK'leCKJie UlJieMbl O'ieHb 'l8CTO H3o6-

«at-

p3)1(8JllfCb H3 06uteCTBCHHbiX OilM11THHK3X.

MOCT CTpO~IJlCil C ll03MO>KHOCTbiO 6b!CTpO

TH'ieCKHC» UJJleMbl C ryCTbiM rpe6HCM H

11 BCCM XOpQWO 3H3KOMbl. 0HH lfMeJTH xa-

ero pa:~pyw~tTb H or pe3aTb .uopory KoH-

OBa.JlbHbie utHTbl. Osa.nblibi.C wH·rw nOJIBK·

paKTCpHyffi JI06Hyffi OJ13CTHHY H rpe6eHb.

CT8 liTHI1Y. TaK HJH1 ~J H8'ie, HO

JIHCb Ha peJJbe<jle, KOTOpb!H S HaW11 llHH )I<·

JI1060ITbiTHO, qro cpe.nH apxeonorH'leCKHX

KOHCTaHT'I1H pa36HH apM1110 MaKceHIHll

COOHHpyetCll B Jlyspe. 0 epBOH3'laJlbHO )fOT

H3XOllOK 8TTJ14eCKHe WJlCMbl npaKTH 1.JeCKI1

!l OLl CaKcoi1 - Py6 po ii. Jla6apyM - '.lM6JJeMa

penbe¢ .naTHposanH Ha'laJJOM

KOHCT8HTHII 8 - CTaJI CHMBOJIOM n o6e)J.bl.

no3AHee 6bmo ycraHosneHo, 'ITO OH B3MT c

OoA oTc,·ynaiOwJ·lMI1 npeTOpHaHuaMH

apKH K naBA11ll, BOJABHrHyToi1 B

I\<U1H. HeKOTOpbre aaTOpbt y-rsep){{..QaiOT, 'iTO

paKTepHbl WlSI rsap.mm, npe)!(_ne scero

28 oKTI!6pll

OO H TOHHbl ~) MOCT pa3pyW I1flCfl, H MHOn1e

yroHynH .

B ' IHCJ1e

H c~M MaKCeHnti1.

y toHySll1Hx OKa3arJC)l

sei<a, uo

He BCTpe'laffiTCll, 1<8K HX HeT 11 H8 CKYflbOl)'· pax, c.uena HHblX no lfaCTHbiM 38KaJaM.

Or-

51 ro,uy.

l<poueHHO l'OBOpll, )].0 CJlX nop 06H8p)')KeHa

Osa.rJ l>Hble WHTbi nperoptta~l Ubl T<HO!<e Be-

JIHUJb 0)J.Jia Jt06Hall ITJlaCTJ1Ha .H 0)1Ha BHCO'I·

CJ111 Ha peJl becpe KaHueJimipHH, BO'J.LlOHrHY·

Hal!llJJac.1·Hfl 8 OT p83HbiX wneMoB. Arrwlec-

1-1a KOJI0~1 1 1e AH-

KHH IJ.IJICM, npe,nCT36JI5JBWHH C060H pHMC·

TOH !XoMHUHalioM

(81-96),

KYIO CTHJ1H3au~uo no rpe'leCKHM o6pa3uaM,

nem:IMX Ha.nmreefl., !<a~I.!J.H,QaraMH Ha3l>IBaJli-J

ll(HT bl

He TCX, KIO I·IOCHJI 6neCTR W)'IO O!.leJI<.ey, a TeX,

sepOflTHO, n pe.QCT8 BJl fl J1 C060H X)'.li.OlKe-

Kro c.ue.na.n 6;1CCTHW)' IO Ka p bepy. C n o so

CTBefiH)'IO ycnOBHOCTb, npH:lB8HH)'IO o6o-

T o, '!TO nper opHaHUbl HOeHJJH osanbH bJe

3H3'HITb BOHHa. no::rroMy l·laJlH 'IHe 3TTH"Iec-

WHTbl B HaYaJlbHbJC fO,!J,bl eeOeH HeTOp !-IH,

6.blJIO TI03ai1MCTBOBaHO BOe!·lf-l.bJM~l y JJOJlH-

KHX WJICMOB Ha CK)'JJbnrypax He MOJKeTCJI)'-

no.znaeplK.D.ae-rcll Hanrpo6heM, o J<or opoM

Tm<OB, y J<OTOphrx l<8H.l\H.AaT.bJ Ha BbiCOKHe

lKHTb .l(OKa3aTMbCT60M 1'0f'O, liTO HX Aeif-

Mhl roeopH!lH Bhlwe. .l(pyme c!<ynl>myphl

,uomKHoer» H.a,!J,esan H c ne.uHafl bl·l.bJe .Bbi6e-

eTBHTeJlbl-10 J-IOeHrm. TeM ue MeHee, MJ·JOr.He

no3.BOJlffiOT npe.anono)J<l1.Tb, <rro TaT<He Jl(l-IT.hl

JICifH.I)le TOfH.

npOAOmKaiOT C4H1taTI:>, "11'0 npttOpHaJ·lUbl

HefTOJlb308am-feb 8Wl0Tb ,QO opasneflH.ll .IJ.o-

liOCJ-fJIH 3TTH'/eel<He ulnCMf>l, 00 KpaHHCH

Ml1WJaBa

Mepe, s 1<a•1ec-rse n apa.nuoii .a.eranu.

BeKa J1Cri1 0Hep&l 008eeMeeTHO CTa.Jl!i He-

(81-96). Kruo13BectHo, s Ha4ane I

,L(ocnex••

" ,upyra.n ) lcttnltpoaKa

MOiKNO yrsep*J.ta'rh, •tro .6 nep.Bl>le .ue-

fTO!Jh30BaTb n pfi.MO)'l"OJ.U,B.bJe UJ.ffi.bl-ceyry-

.IJ.ocrteXJ1 II .ll.P)'Tflll )KHnHpOBI<3 npero-

ennl!len-m npempnatH.(bl uocuJtl1 W JJeM.bT-

MbJ. KaK 6&rer po 3TH lUJHbJ 0011BRJlHel> y

pHal!llCB HH4.CM He OT!l H4aJlaCb OT nerHOI·Iep-

MOHrecjJopnmo, KOTOpbte 6t>JJ1H 06.bl4lfbJ

nperop~ta~:~ues - He H3BeCTHO. MoHera, or-

CKOH. Ha eyapeKOM penbe<[le .llBa nperopH-

.ll.MI JICfi-\OHCpOB R nepltOJ~ n03AHei:i pee-

<reKaHer·JHall Ka.m.-trynoi-1

(37-41), H3o6palKa-

aH n a HOCHJII1 M)'CK)'Ji bHble naH UH pH , 'ITO

se-

et nperop.Harmes c npJIMoyronbHhiMH .UJH-

6 biJ IO COBCpi UCH~JO t-le06bi4HO ,QJII.I Op0C"rblX

KOM, r-no6pa>Kaer rsap.ueijua a TaKOM w .ne-

tai\11-I, B 1'0 Bj)Cli-UJ I<at< HeKOTOp.ble J:la.D:rp06-

COJIHaT. Ho OAHa H3 3THX .o.syx <[lHt) 'p Ke-

ny6mii<H . H a.u.rpo6t>e, nampyeMoe

Me H e OI:HlJibHbJM WHTOM B pyKaX. 3TO

H &xe peJlbe<j>hl

seJ<a H3o6palKar<>T Jlemoue-

COMr-teHHO npH!i3,QJlC)I(H'l' BOeHa<t811 bH11K)',

Ha.D,rpo6~:>e, Hl:.me xpaHnweecJT s M)'3ee

pos c oean.bHbiM11 WHTaM I1. Ha KOJlOHHe

MOll<e'T 6b1Tb ,UalKe CaMOM)' n pe<j>eKT)', 0 <ICM

12-ij

Jpa11Ha B HeKOTOp.brx Mectax CK)'TYM HMeeT

rosop1n none c 3anpasneHH biMH KOHUaMH.

ropo.n.c Kol-i l<oropTbl, Koropall <[lopMHposa-

OKpym ble c-ropOHbL TaKHe .UJHTJ>I ,ueplKaT s

Bropa11 <j>11rypa 61>JJ1a CI1JlbHO nospe)I()J,eHa

Jlac b KaK n peTOp11aHcKall KoropTa.

BaTHKmla, npHHa,QJleJKallo coll,Qary

p)'K3X 1<8K JJerHOHCpbl, TaK H n p ttOpHaHttbL

H n03AHee orpecr aspHposaHa, raK 4TO ectb

EcTb .D.OKa3aTCJlbCTBa TOrO, liTO .BO .BTO-

Pen ~:>e<[l 113 00.!l.3)'0JJH, eo3Aalil-!.biH npH Tpa-

1303MO)l(I-JOC"rb npe.D.OOJIO)I(HTb, 4TO 3TO TpH-

p011 rJOJlOBitliC [ BCKa n peTOpl'laH.Ubl 3KH -

ffi:-IC H lib!He H3XO,WJWHHell .6 cJ;lHJ!a,QeJlb<[l.HH,

6y H, KOTOpbiH ,QOJilKeH 6blfl HOCHTb TaKOH )l(e

n Hpo s aJII1Cb raKJJ<e J<aJ< 11 n poeTble ner Ho-

noKa3blsaer nperopHaHues e WHTaMH ·CK)'-

nolle. BoH H en pasa or npecpe1<ra HOCHT no-

HepbL Ta.uwl' n u wer B et~oei1 «Mcrop HH»

T)'M, MMCfOWHM OKp)'rll bie 60K3 .H n p11MOH

nepx .noc oexos sropy10 TyHHr<y. Ha KOJlOH -

0 n pOHCWeeTBHH , .HMCBWeM MCCTO B XO,Qe

sepXHHU Kpai1.

K KOHU)' II seJ<a J<aK 1-1a rry6-

He Tpali~Ja nperopHaHeKHH JHaMeHoeeu TaK-

sropor o cpatKeHWl n p H Ee,up~ta~<yMe B

TII14HblX, Tal( H ' laCTHbfX ei<)'Jlb0Typ3X JlCfH-

lKe HOeHT T)'HHI<)' nosepx aocnexos, 0.1\Ha-

ro.ny. Bo speMII HO'IHOH CTblliKH, s xo.11.e

OHepbl H nperopHaHUbl CIIOBa 11306proKaiOT-

r<o Mb! He MOlKeM )'TBeplK,1laTb, ' ITO )TO 6blJ10

I<OTOpOH npeTOp11aHUbl 0TTOHa TIOHeCJ1 11

Cll e OBaJibHbiMH lllHTaM H, XOTJI H3BeCTHa

xapaKrepHow 4epTOH nperopHaHeKoro o6-

rmi<eJlble norep~1 or orpoMHOH J<a-ra nynb-

eKynr,nrypa, .nan t pyeMan eepeA HHOH [[)

MYHAHposaHHl!.

Tht, I<OTOpyFO o6eJJYlKHBa nH COJJAaTbl .113

BeKa, Ha I<OTOf>OH CHOBa (]Ol!BIUieTe.H Oj).SIMO-

Ha KonoH.He TpaHHa He BHltiiO HHKa KHX

XIV

yronbHbi H el<)'ryM. T aK.HM o6pa3oM, MOlKHO

pa3JlJ11-111H Mell<ll.y 3KHOHpOBKOH npeTOpH3H-

nemoHa, n sa r sapnel1ua B3HnH T po-

11 Te H n pyme HOCllT cer-

cpeiiHt>le U(liTbl, 4T06bl HC OTJ1Ht,l3Tbe.!l OT

npe.£(110Jl0lKHTb, "'TO npttopH3HUbl ll.OJlbi!Je

UCB H nernoHepos.

COJlll.aT npOTHBHHKa. 3aMaeKHpOBaBWHeb

HeOOJlb30BaJlH OBaJlbHbfe WHTbl, '!CM JlerH-

MeHTHble AOCnexH, 'ITO OTJIIII.JaeT HX OT COJI)laT seOOMOfaTeJlb HblX LJaCTC H, HOCIIU(HX

JJOll06HblM o6pa30M, OHH eMOfJlH llOAOH-

OHepbl, XOTII o6a nma IJ.J.HTa .11.0nroe speMfl

TH I< KaTanyn bTe BOJTOTH)'fO H nepepy6.HTb

coeyweCTsosanw. C KOHUa

seKa nperopn-

KOJih'l)'rH. ITpttOpHaHUbl· 11 nerHOHepbl TaK-

KaHaTbl, npe>I<lle 'ICM HX caMHX o6Hapy-

aHI.(bi H nerHOHepbl HeOOJlb30BMH OAHHa-

lKe OAH HaKOBO BOOp)'lKeHbl K0fl b51 MH H Me-

lKI1JlH 11 3apy6HJIH MellaMH. 3Ta HCTOpHH

KOBbie WHTbl .

'!aMH, no.useweHH.biMH y npaaoro 6e.npa. B

noKa3blsaer, <ITO JlerHOHepbl OTnHqanHCb

0Tn11t,~He OT 6onee pa11 11Cro nepHO.Qa, KliH-

oT nper o p HaHues n HUJ b pwe yHKOM Ha

)KaJlOB ffH y T<oro Her. Ha <Jlp.H3e TpallHa ne-

UJ.HTe, 13 TO BpeMR KaK WJleM bl T1 OC"raJJb-

un-re BOffH bi T8IOKe HOel!T

HbiC }lOeneX I•I C 3KH0H p0BKOH 6blJlH re~o>111

TyHH Ka 61>wa eaMoi1 paen poc-rpaHeH -

eer~ICHTHble

llOC-

nexH, B TO BpeM.!! 1<a1< )' f<OHHJ·I'KOB 6E>I.IlH '/e-

JKe. BeponTHO conAaTbl o6e11x eTopoH HO-

HOH pH MCKOH OllelK.UOH, KOTOp yl<l HOCHJIH

WYH4aTble .aoenexH 111111 KOfii>LJyrH. <l>Hry-

CHJlH r aJIJJbCK.HC HJ111 HTaJHi i-fcKHC IIJJJCMhl,

1<8K con AaTbJ, r aK 1-1 MHpHble )1<.1-rren H. Con-

pbl 11a pen~>e<Pe KaHuenAApl{11 o<JeHl> noxo-

o6bl'mt>le Af!R acex nerHOHOB s TO apeMll.

A aTC!<ail TyHHJ<a 6I>rna abJure J<oJJeH. Dpe.n.-

.D.JIT Ha <jltn}'p.bl c pen~:>ecpa H3 Do,u3yon1-1. B ee

3 TO pe3 t<OC paCXOlK/.l.e.llHC Mel.lCAY pe-

n onaraiOT, '!TO con.uareKaJT. rywH<a 6blJla

eo® ar&l noaepx ,uocnexos HMeiOT nJTaw. e

C!<)'JlbH rypa-

J<paefJOfO UBeta. IJHehMCHHI)Ie l1CTO'IHH-

I<anr<>mOHOM (neH.yn a) , soeHHbi H peMeHb

Ml:l JlbiTafOTest: 06bACHHTb TCM, 41'0 aT'Tll.-

KH eoo6wamr , 'Ito TYffiJKH o61>1qHo 6wm

e eycn eH30p.HeM H 06bi4Hble KOB3H.bl e CaH-

'leCJ<He WJJeM bl npe10p11aHUhJ HOeHnH 0 0

6enoro UBC'ta, HJlH usera 1::1e6eneaou mep-

,QaMU1· KaflHfH . Bee 3TH npeJIMeJ.'.bJ 3 L<HrtHposim Hl14eM He OTJJHt,tanl-tC.b OT TeX , 4TO

allbHI:>JM 110Jl0lKCHl1.eM ,nen

t OplKCCTBeHH biM cny 4asrM. O nHa r<o no

cni . Kpaef!ble TY FIHI<R eeJIJ-f HOeHJJ.H, TO

o6'.bAeHeHHe eoM rmren.bHO. Boo6ro.e Mano-

HOC fiJlH l<OMaH.ll.Hpbl, t aiO'KC Kal< KpaCHble

HOeUJIH nen1oHepl>r. On pe.uemHb npuHa.ll-

aeponnro TO, ilf.TO pHMJJJJ.He 0638BO}li{JJI-\Cb

rpe6el-!l> Ra WJie.Me.

JJeli<I~OCT.b BOHHOB K n perop!1aHeKOH rsap-

« Oapa.D.HbfM» KO.MOJleKTOM .D.O COCXOB, KO-

[JiaBHblM e.BH,QeteJJbCTBOM 0 B.Hei!J.HCM

TOpbJe caMH n o ce6e 6MnH aeWbiO O'reHb

o6m-rKe nperopHaHues CJI)'ll<l-lT M03aHt<a Eap-

nHOHOB Ha W.HTax. E.n:HHerseH H.asr Heo -

.uoporoi1. KpoMe toro , KaK .H3.seer.Ho a PH.Me

6epHH.H l-13 Danectpl1H bl. Ha HeJ:i H3o6palKe-

6 bi 'I Hall A eTaJib • KOI1 bC CO CBHHUOBbi M

6 MilO :Janpeweao aoJJ.B.IlRTbCst: JJlO.D.ifM copy-

11hl .D:Ba souHa ll n o.JJHOM noop)'lKeH.I111, J.<o-

yTlllKeJieiHJeM (p11eyHOK

J-13 MHOfH'X UCTO'I'FUI-

TOpble rro CKopnnoHa,vi Aa (l(l1te onpe,ueM-

IJp eTOpH.aHUbl, ~i306palKeH HbJe )' OC · HOBai-IHJI I<Oil OHiibl AHTOHHll - n HJI, T3!<)l(C

JK~-teM H B .UOen exaX.

,DJ.IH 003BOJl lleT JIHI!Jb 11306 palKCIIHll CKOp-

E).

KOB 1136eCTHO, LJTO BO BpeM.!! TpH)'M<[lOB eon -

IOTell. K3l< npeTOp113 HUbl. 06a HOC11T 6enbte

,UaTbl HOCWlH JIHUJb oepenoaeaHHbJe 1)'}1.11 -

1)'HH1.<11 H utneMbl C 6enblll-l rpe6HCM. J1HOf-

noKa3aHbl B eer MeHTHbiX .n.ocnexax 11 ar-

KH. Ta KHM o6p830M, no'lt M ~:~ asepHI.IKa aT-

,ll,8 )lOnOirl-! HTeJibHO )'TBCp)K.D,aiOT, 'ITO 6enhiH

TH4C CKHX WJleMaX. Ho B pyKax

TH4CCl<l1e wneMbJ .H a el<yJJbnTypax npe.!l.-

ObJJl .use-roM nperop~taHCI<OH rsapllHH ewe

osanbHble WHTbL TaKHe )I(C WHTb! H3o6-

y HHX

c-rasMFOT C060 H JI I1Uib CHMBOJl H HHKaK He

11 nOTOM)', 4TO lfX Ha3.b1BaJlH eandidatj (6ne-

palKanHeb Ha LJaCTHbl x CKYilb nTypax, H3·

eOOTKOCI!TCSI e ,!J,eHCT.BH're.ITbHOCTbfO.

CTS1 W11e). 0,QHaKO f<a£< CJie.ayet H3 MHOro4H.e-

roTosneH~IbiX B 3TO ;J<e speM11. TonbKO s

C o!IOWII bl J/('Z,VIII 6apaap CKJ IO oep e6HIO (J xoi)e Jl/{jfJI<OJit{lfl/tCKII.X.

60illf, c KO!IOIIHIJIIi M apKa A 6pelii1Jl. 6 PU.Jite.

nocx e;He, fi,PUfl/l-

III Oii COJ Otlfll e/IJI, II/1 KOIIOHH bl , ltpem Opttalll(bl 0 1111111 1/atO ITICfl 'le-

uty ii'lti/1/IJIJI/ 11 oocn exa;llll. Colloa m

U QC /1111

u mutubt 11 Kft!l ttZil. M e11 n 006eUieu 11a npa6Q;I/

lt({lprjJ, myn u~;y,

ooKy

11a nepe6fl-

J il. I..Qu m 06fiJIIJUOti ifJop.Mbt.• E op o i>a 6 om tcbt aa e;uoe 6p e.MH. Ctl tai /U 110 /)llftl/lbHbl.;lt JI(JI I.eHIIeM.

CKpOM HOCTbiO 11 yKpawaJli1Cb fli1Wb pa3Hb1M ' IHCJlOM

~teTaJJJli.I

'!CCl<!-lX .llHCKOB, KOTOp bte, BepO.RHIO, 06031i3'i8Jll.t HOMep KOf OpTbJ. /J.O H8C COXp8H HJlCH n pCTOpH8HCKHi1 WT8H,D.a pT, Ha I<OTOpOM ncHo s w,ana rta;:tlli1Cb Coh[ors)

0 peTOp ~t aHCK I·I e

Ill

P r[ aetoria).

WTaH.D.apTbl '18 CTO YBCH'I ~~ BilJIHCb OpJJOM ,

XOTH open 6bln CHMBOJlOM JJCfHOHa. 6onee TOrO, Opilbl yi<p3W8!1H MOfJtnbl HeCKOJlbi<HX npe-ropHa~TUeB. Open TUKiKC HJ06palKeH Ha C811HUOBOM OpOntBOBeCe KOflbll, KOTOpbiH ,nep>KHT npeTOpHaHeU Ha pent.e<j>e KaHUC1111pHH. nperopHaHCKI1e WT3H,Ua pTbl c opnaMl:l raKX<e BJf.lllibt ua ~IOHere fall Kamt.ryJlbl KOHUC

8Cl<8 11 8

11I BCKC OOjiBJljiiOTCji CB11,llCTCJlbCTBa 0 TOM, 'ITO

(37-41)

11 ria nyspc-

KOM pell&e<[le. MOlKHO n pe.D.ITOJlQ)KHTb, 'ITO open CHMBOJ1H3Hpo-

npeTOp~raHUbl Hcl'iaJIH n peAOOYI1T8Tb 'ICWYHY8TbiC AOCOCXH AOC-

8an HC CKOJlbi<O JJCrHOH, CKOJThKO BOCHHI.IH OTp R,a B006ll(C. flpeTO p~1 3 HCKUC 3H8MCHOC.l.(bl JKI-I UHpOB8JI11C b TaK>I<e, K3K

nexaM .upyrHx T11 nos. M mr<HO n p e.un onO>KHTb, 'ITO CI<yn&nr ophl

a ner HOHax. EJlHHCTBeHHoe orM1'111e 3aKJifO<ra.rroc&

HC00Jib30B3JHI Yew yrtY8TbiC AOCnCX~I B t<a•tCCTBC Cti MBOJla, OT-

3HaM eHOCUbt

JHIY8l( Hl(Cf0 npCTOp HaHUCB OT JlCntOHCpOB. )TO npCAOOJlOlKCHHC

s TOM, <JTO nperopaaHUhl HOCJ1RH ManeHbKHi-1 KPYrJtbtH WHT.

B YHCJIC npOYCfO 0 11HpaeTCji Ha CB~IJJ.CTCJlbCTBO KaCCHil nHoHa,

K8'1eCTBC WKypbt, Ha.uesaeJ\.JOU .Ha wneM, OpC1'0pH8HUbl ~I C00Jlb-

KOTOpbrH omtcan KaK HMnepaTO p M aKp HH

(217-2 18)

npHKaJan

30 BMH WKYPY JTb8a.

llpeTOpt~aHUa/,.1 nepe.u 6tiTBOH CHIIT b 'ICWYHYIITbiC ,llOCfiCXH 11 00-

0 peTOpH8HCKHe KOr OpTbl , UO-.BUJUIMOMy, HMeJlH C06CTBeH-

JlOlKtfTb Jat<pyrncHHbre UliiTbL Om1C8HHC .ll.HoHa 6b!Jro c.uenaHo

HbJe 3M6JleMbl H8 ll(HT8X. Ha ny6JJH'iHbiX H •tacntbi X CK)'JlbflTy-

8cero yepe3 .necRTb

ncr nocne ·noro co6biTH11 ,

pax BJt.llHbr .usa r11na 3~6ne~1. O ,n:Ha 113 HHX - Kpbmara!l MOJlHil jl,

6onee Toro, OH

nH'IHO 3Han MaKpr1Ha. PaJyMee-rcjl, OH 6&rn OTJHIYHO ocae.uo~r

BCTpe'138W3SICll T8KlKe H8 UllfT3X 11CfH0HCpOB; liHOf.!l8 MOJlHHIO

neH 06 3K.Hni>1p06KC npeTOp 118HUCB, 11 CfO y nOMI1HaHt1C 0 'iCWy H-

AOOOJHISIJJ H ~IJ06palKeH H ji nyHhJ H 3Be3ll.. J1JBeCTeH HCTOpJ14eC-

<i8T.bi X .uocnex.ax .uocToaep Ho. Ha apKe HMn ep aropa K oHCTaHTH-

KH H aHet<JlOT, JanHcaH HhtH CserOHH eM. Bo apeMll noxo.n.a Kan H-

fia, so3ABJH"ltyroi1 c nycr11 cr oneTHe, n perop HarHlbr M aKCCHTtUI,

r yn bt B f epM 8HHIO B

y •racrsosa8WHe 8 6 tnae n pH MHnhBHCBOM MOCTy, tt3o6pa>KCHbl

npeTOpHari CKoi1 rnap.n.~m Yepe3 Pe i1H, 'IT06bt noyya cTsoaaTb B

8 YCwyH'48TbiX .!XOCOCX8X, 'iTO OTJlH' taer HX OT COJlD.8T KOHCT8.H-

3aBl!3aBWCHCH Ha A pyt'OM 6 ep er y C'fbi'I Ke. 3a y'laCTHC B 3TOM 6 0f0

HIH.8. 0.UH8J<O HeT HHK8Kl1X COMB CHHif B TOM, 'lTO J1Cf i1 0 Hepbl

n peTOpHa HUbl6biJJH HarpalK.UeHbl Ta K H83biBaCMOH « KOpOHOH pa3-

fO.I()', HMnepaTOp nosen KOHHbi H OTpj~Jl

TUKlKC MOfflH H.OCHTb '!eWyH'l8TbJC,llOCOCXH 11 J<OJl.b'IYfH, OOCKOJlb-

Se.ll'IHKa» (corona expl oratoria) . Ha:JBaH ~J e Harpa,o.bt, cKopee 8Cero

KY cer.MCHTHbi C AOCOCX H OKOH'IaTCJlbHO BbiWJlff H3 ynOTpe6ne-

OpCllCT3BJljiC'f C060H KaJiaM6yp C Ha3BaH BeM KOH HOfO 0Tpj~A3

HHji K KOHUY

neKa. CK)'JLbOTypbl , 803.llBHI.H yr&lC no 38K83Y <Ja-

npe-ropHB - Spcculatores, - KOTOpoe T8KlKC HMCC1' 3H3'1CHHe «p83-

CTHbiX mru., H306palKaiOT nperopttat~u.es 80o6wc 6c3 JJ.ocnexos, o.ueTbJX

a nnaw-carytvt, TyHttKy,

8e.ll'IHK» . CeeroHHi1 nH.can, 'ITO «KopoHy p83BCJl'IHKa» yKpaw a-

nepenol!CaHHYtO wHpO'KllM peM-

HeM, KOpOTI<He UJTaHbl 11 6oTr1 HKH (a HC KaJJH rH). 0CH083HHOC

JI H. <<COJlHUe, Jl y Ha 11 3Be3Jlbl))

.ll.pyraSI 3M6JJe~·t a 8CTpeYaJ18Cb TO.nbKO Ha ll(HTaX npeTOp.HaH -

) TOM npe,nnOJlOlt<CH HC, ':JTO 8 3TO 8pCM}{ 6b1Jl0 38npCJ.I.J.CHO HOCHTb

u es . Ha 3M6JtcMe H306palKan ac& BHHOrp a.n.Han Jt 03a. C MHNHMaJl b-

JJ.OCOCXH, HC,Q8BHO y6CA HTCJLI>HO OUp08ep riHl .

HblMI1 p a:JJ1H'IH11MI1 TaKalJ 3M6JleMa llpHCyTCTBy eT Ha npeTOpH-

H eCMOTpll tia SCIO xyAOlKCCT8CH}{)'IO CtJ'M.BOIDit<y 11 HCnpepbtB-

a ~tCKJ1X ll(HTax ocex KpynH ei1 w HX pen be<[Jos: n y s pc Ko r o , n o.u3y-

HbiC 113MCHeHHJI B JJ.OCOexax, MO>K.HO yraep>I<.!X<YC'b, 'ITO 3KlfrTH.pOBK8

on H. , 6onbwor o Tpa.RHOBa <[JpHJa, KOttOHHe A HTOHHH-0Hll 11 Ha

nperopHaHU.CB HHKUK He OTJl}l'lM.aCb OT )KJ1n}lp0.8.101 JlCO:fO'HCpOS.

HaD.fp06be BC8D.HHKa BOCbMOH npeTOpH8HCKOH KOr OpTbl.

B pHCyHOK ll(HTa (}rJl ii'HITe.Ji bHbJC 'I Cp Tbl ll 3118 Kit

H8 penb elj>e BJ no.uJyOntl Bfl HCaH H8H6o nee

xapaKTepllbiH AJJil 11peTOp H8HUeB CHMBOJl - CKOpnHOH. KpOMe roro, cKop m tOri H306p ali<eH Ha w taH.uapre

TeM HC MeHee, HMCJlHCb OT.IlCJlbl:lbiC JJ.CT81UI OJJ.Cli<Abl 11

III

n p erop»a HCKOii

KOropTbl, B03MO>KHO, 'iTO OH 6bJJl 3M6JleMOi1 KOfOpTbl. JtiJseCTHO,

8H.ll.bl 3M6J1CM, xapat<TepH biC TOJlbKO .llJLII n petOpH8HCKOH t Bap-

'iTO MHOI He p HMCK.He Y8CTI1 8 Ka'!CCTBC 3M6J1eMbl HC00Jlh3088Jll1

,llHH. H a116onee xapaKrep HbtMH 113 I:IHX 6bJJ111 t ora, ~.<oropyJ:O

3M6JteMy TOrO 'ICJlOBeKa , KOTOp blH HX Clj>OpMH pOBaJl . H anpHMep,

HOCH J111 BO Bp CM)l .£(C>Ky pCT8a BO .UBO pUe t1 ({an ttTOJIHH. B n ep -

.nerHOHbl U e3a pH e Ka'tecr se CHMBOJta Hcn Ofl b30 Ba.nH 6bllca

Bble .UBa DCKa OT P.X. fio •teMy n peTOpHaHL(bl HO CHJ1 11 TOfl1, ~ibl

(taurus), .nerHOrl bl A erycr a - K03ep o ra (capricorn) . CKop n HOH

y>~<C o 6·bHCHHJlH Bb! We . fio.uo6HaH n p aKTtt Ka 6 hlna xapmnep-

BCTp eqancn TOJT bKO y opeTOp118 HUCB. M 0>1(H0 YT8eplK,!l8Tb , YTO

Ha TQJlbi<O .UJlll nperopHUHUC8 .

1ry

fipCTOp118HU.bl TaKlKe HCOOJlb308anH xapaKTCpHbiC WT8H..!X3p -

3M6neMy npe1'opHa HUbl noJaHMCTsosan u y cnoero BTOpo ro

«orua-ocHOBaTeHH» - Tw6 ep HH. CKoprt HOH 1'ai0Ke BHAeH Ha MO-

Tbl. fiMCbMCHHbiC HCTO'IHHKH C00611(810T, 'ITO H8 npeTOptta.HCKHX

Here KanHryHbl, Ha w»rax BOHHOB c MO:JaHKH Eap6epHHH, a TaK-

wraH.naprax noMewan»Cb rropTperbl »Mneparopa, ror)la KaK 8

)!(e Ha 811CO'I~Ib1X 11JI8C'fHH8X UIJleMOB HeKOTOpbiX COJJAaT C 60Jl b-

JlCfHOHDX H BCOOMOfaTCJlbHbiX '!aCTHX noptpCTbl HOCHJlH OTJlCJl b-

WOfO TpoRHOBa lj>pHJa. HanttYHe cKopoHOHa cnylKtrT caMI>IM TO'I-

HO. fipcropH.aHCKHH wraH.napT H3o6pali<eH Ha KOJlOHHe Tpaj!Ha,

.H bJM yKaJa HJ.teM Ha nper opHaHues. Haft 60JJee sneYaTnfi!Oll(e

p83HOfO THna WTaH)l3pTbl MOlKHO Y8H..UCTb li Ha ,n:pyntX CKYJlbfl-

Bblf11JIA.HT 60J!bWOH CKOpn HOH 8 sep XHeH '!aC'I H ll(HT8 SCaAHHKa

Typ ax. Tipe-ropuaHCK»ii wraHn.apr acer.na HMen 6oraTO yt<p arneH-

c 6om.woro Tpammaa lj>pHJa.

HOe ..upee KO. WtaHJJ.apT&J n ent OHOB, Harr ponre, OTnH•ran Hc b

U emnypuou npemopuaucKoii zaapouu IJHe CllyJ,cfht, p11ooaoii zaapoeet(, nepuoo npaa!leuull Cen.muMIIII Ceoepa (193-211 z.z.)

N= o-

o--.;

w==

... ---.

= .... . = .,.= N=

/1.11 11 epa mop Ma Kceumu it, mpuoyu u l napoeet(, Mu.7baueo .11ocm, 312 ~.

Cono ambl u iJe,..-ypu ou u:J KOIIIIOU Z60p0 1111 1/.MII epa-

mopa,

flepaaJI j!aKCKaR

BOiiua,

(101-102)