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2 Map of the World A
R
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T
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O
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GR EENL AND
t a s i n
s
t un s
M
Grand Cayman I. S (U.K.)JAMAICA
HONDURAS
T
I
N
DOMINICAN
Puerto Rico (US) Montserrat (U.K.) ANTIGUA & BARBUDA Guadeloupe (Fr.) Martinique (Fr.) DOMINICA
HAITI REPUBLIC D
CARIBBEAN SEA
ST. LUCIA ST. VINCENT GRENADA
E
NICARAGUA
S
P AN A M A
LIBYA
S
MAURITANIA T TANIA REPUBLIC U OF CAPE C APE P E VERDE PE VER VE ERD RD DE
TRINIDAD & TOBAGO
GUINEA BISSAU
K
h
a
NIGER
r
GHANA COTE D’IVOIRE
LIBERIA
a
EQ. SÃO TOMÉ & PRÍNCIPE GUINEA
SO SOUTH OUTH U SUDAN D
CENTRA CENTRAL NTRA N C REP AFRICAN REP.
CAM C A AMEROO MEROO M MERO EROON N CAMEROON
GULF OF GUINEA
C
ECUADOR ECUADOR EC E CUADOR CUADO C U UAD ADOR AD D DOR
W
C
I
F
C
I
S
O
U
T
H
REPUBLIC OF
LESOTHO
A
ARGENTINA
N
A
T
L
O West Falkland
A
N
T
I
E
A
N
N
T
A
R
East Falkland
Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego Cape Horn
S c o t i a S e a
Adelaide Island Alexander Island
Amundsen Sea
R o s s S e a
Bellingshausen Sea
Weddell Sea
Berkner Island
A
C
REF1-MAP-02
C
Falkland Is. (U.K.)
©MAPS IN MINUTESTM 2019
E
A
SWAZILAND
SOUTH AFRICA
C
M
B
BOTSWANA BOTSWANA
AY
URUGUAY AY Y
O
S
O
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T
I
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A
N
COMOROS Mayotte (France)
Q
I
CH ILE
R
A
M O Z
PA
P
SEA
U
I
ZIMBABWE ZIMBABWE A E NA A M I B IIA N A
GU
ARABIAN
Socotra (Yemen)
TT A A N Z A N II A A
BOLIVIA
A
O OM A AN N
YEMEN
ETHIOPIA I
A N D KENYA A GA DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC RWANDA OF THE CONGO BURUNDI (ZAIRE)
B R A Z I L
H
QATAR
UAE U.A U.A.E
DJIBOUTI
M A L A
T
TA TA
NIGERIA
ZZ A A M B II A A
U
E
TAN
PAKIST
BAHRAIN
ARABIA
ER ERI R IT TR REA EA ERITREA
ANGOLA
O
KUWAIT
SAUDI
IS
AFGHANISTAN
IRAN
SUDAN
BENIN BENIN B EN NIN N
T
EK
TURKMENISTAN
Y
IRAQ
CHAD
GABON
PERU
S
E
SYRIA
EGYPT
BURKIN BURKINA URKINA BURKINA
GUINEA GUINEA E SIERRA LEONE
GUYANA SURINAME FR. GUIANA
a
MALI
SENEGAL SENEG SENEGAL NEGAL THE GAMBIA
BARBADOS
VENEZUELA VENEZUELA
C CO L O M B I A A
Galapagos (Ecuador)
R
ISRAEL
JORDAN
ALGERIA
O TOGO TOGO
COSTA RICA
U
LEBANON
ZB
A
E
BELIZE GUATEMALA EL SALVADOR
E Q U AT O R
la
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U
M
N
At
T
CYPRUS
S e a
K A Z A K H
A S E
A
Kríti r a n (Crete) e a n
TUN TUNISIA UN UNISIA U NS NIS SI A SIA
WESTERN W WES ES S ER ERN RN SAHA SA SAHAR S SAH AHARA AHA RA R A SAHARA
THE BAHAMAS CUBA
W
E
e
MALTA r
ns
D
MEXICO
Canary Isles (Spain)
O F
M E X I C O
ai
E
G U L F
o
E
AZERBAIJAN
E
C
SARGASSO SEA
C
MOROCCO
ARMENIA
GRE GR GREECE EEC E ECE EC E CE E
Balearics (Spain) M e d Sicily i t
O C E A N
I
O
I
Azores (Port.)
AMERICA
MACEDO O A MACEDONIA ALBANIA
GEORGIA
R
Kauai Oahu Maui HAWAIIAN Hawaii ISLANDS
F
OF
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Aral Sea
Black Sea
SC
I
H
T
MOLDOVA
GA
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T
SLOVAKIA
AUSTRIA
HUNGARY p s SLOVENIA ROMANIA Al CROATIA ITALY BOSNIA SERBIA BULGARIA MONTENEGRO
Corsica ANDORRA Sardinia SPAIN
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A
R
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U K R A I N E
CZECH REP.
SWITZ.
FRANCE
Bay of Biscay
A T L A N T I C
n ia sp Ca Sea
P
O
BELARUS
A
n
N
LATVIA LITHUANIA
POLAND
GERMANY BELGIUM LUX.
UNITED STATES
ti
NETHERLANDS
LI
u
Vancouver Island
Bal
UNITED KINGDOM
REP. OF IRELAND
S
AR
o
N O R T H
U
U r a l
A
Se
D
ESTONIA
NORTH S E A DENMARK
c
A
R
FINLAND
SWEDEN NORWAY
Shetland Isles Orkney Isles
GO
M
N
a
KARA S
N
o Faerøerne (Denmark)
SEA
ON
y
A
mly
M o u n t a i n
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LABRADOR
Bay
C
Ze
SEA
SEA
a
Hudson
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Gulf of Alaska
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ya
NORWEGIAN
t
A
la
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R
Kodiak Island
Is
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SEA
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Str
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la
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e
A L A SK A
BARENTS
Bay
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SEA n g R a
Brook s
Franz Josef Land (Russia)
Da
SEA
N
SVALBARD (Norway) Edgeøya
Baffin
BEAUFORT
A
Nordaustlandet
Spitzbergen
CHUKCHI
E
MAURITIUS Réunion (France)
O
3 Map of the World A
R
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I
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O
C
E
N
Franz Josef Land (Russia)
Nordaustlandet
Spitzbergen
SVALBARD (Norway) Edgeøya
GREEN LAND
BARENTS
ay
va
ya
Severnaya Zemlya
Ze
mly
LAPTEV
a
EAST SIBERIAN SEA
Da
SEA
vis Se
c
BELARUS
s
M
o
ai
Kríti r a n (Crete) e a n
MALTA r
ns
TUN TUNISIA UN UNISIA U NS NIS SI A SIA
GEORGIA
T
U
R
K
LIBYA
ISRAEL
BAHRAIN
E
E
R
A
T
I
O
A
ARCTIC CIRCLE
N
IS
TAJIKISTAN TAJIKISTAN N
Honshu
Thar Desert
UAE U.A U.A.E
O OM A AN N
I N D I A SEA
O F
CAMBODIA CAMBODI O A CAMBODIA
A M U U
E
JAVA SEA I N D JAVA
N
D
I
AR
U
E
O
N
C
L
C O R A L
GA
MADA
Réunion (France)
New Caledonia (Fr.)
SWAZILAND
REPUBLIC OF
LESOTHO
O
C
E
A
A U S T R A L I A
N
id
TROPIC OF CAPRICORN
in
nge
H
FIJI FIJI Loyalty Is. (Fr.)
Ra
T
VANUATU VANUATU NUATU U
S E A A
MAURITIUS
g
U
N E Q U AT O R
IRIAN PAPU PAP P APU AP APUA PUA A J A Y A PAPUA BANDA SEA NEW (West N A Papua) GUINEA E S I A SOLOMON SEA Tanimbar Is. E EAST TIMOR A R A F U R A To rre s S t ra i t SEA TIMOR SEA Gulf of
iv
O
A
Admiralty Is.
Carpentaria
S
E
BISMARCK SEA
E
SC
Q I
B
M
M
I
A
I
COMOROS Mayotte (France)
C
S
M O Z
N
CELEBES SEA
D
AY
A
O
SULU SEA
Great
R
BOTSWANA BOTSWANA
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T
PA
N A NA A M I B IIA
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ZIMBABWE ZIMBABWE A E
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T
W
OLIVIA
D
I
PHILIPPINES
SINGAPORE BORNEO
A
M A L A
ZZ A A M B II A A
N
S
I
F
TROPIC OF CANCER
SINGAPORE NGAPORE
M
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC RWANDA OF THE CONGO BURUNDI (ZAIRE)
I
China
BRUNEI BRUN I M A L A Y S I A
O
C
PHILIPPINE SEA
South
THAILAND H HAILAND THAILAND
Andaman Is. (India) ANDAMAN Gulf of Thailand SEA Nicobar Is. (India) SRI LANKA
U
GO
S
A
(Rep. of China)
LAOS LAOS LA AOS OS
B A Y B E N G A L
Socotra (Yemen)
P
TAIWAN
VIETNAM VIETNAM
(BURMA) (BURMA)
YEMEN
ETHIOPIA I
D A KENYA A
BANGLABANGLAANGL G DESH H DESH
MYANMAR MYANMAR
Shikoku Kyushu
East China Sea
BH HUTA TAN TAN BHUTAN
ARABIAN
JAPAN
KOREA S KO KOREA K O OR R REA Yellow S. Sea
OF CHINA
Tibet M A L A N EPAL NEPA NEP L Y A NEPAL
Hokkaido
Sea of Japan N. N.. KOREA N KO KO OR REA R EA EA (East Sea)
KYRGYZSTAN KYRGYZSTAN N
TAN
A
C
M O N G O L I A
I
TT A A N Z A N II A A
S
Commander Islands
Sakhalin
S
S
N GA
ANGOLA
SOUTH AFRICA
Great Australian Bight
T
L
O
A
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N
E
Falkland Is. (U.K.)
East Falkland Grande de rra del Fuego
S c o t i a S e a
Weddell Sea
T
A
Berkner Island
A
N
T
A
REF1-MAP-02
A
©MAPS IN MINUTESTM 2019
URUGUAY AY Y
GENTINA
West Falkland
P
E
EQ. SÃO TOMÉ & PRÍNCIPE GUINEA
SO SOUTH OUTH U SUDAN D
CENTRA CENTRAL NTRA N C REP AFRICAN REP.
CAMEROON CAM C AMEROO AMERO MEROO M EROON N
GULF OF GUINEA
D
I
Gobi Desert
QATAR
ARABIA
ER ERI R IT TR REA EA ERITREA
B R A Z I L
GU
P
PAKISTAN
DJIBOUTI
GABON
A
E
NIGERIA
ON
GHANA COTE D’IVOIRE
LIBERIA
T
EK
KUWAIT
SUDAN
BENIN BENIN B EN NIN N
O TOGO TOGO
GUYANA SURINAME FR. GUIANA
a
CHAD
BURKIN BURKINA URKINA BURKINA
GUINEA GUINEA E SIERRA LEONE
EZUELA EZUELA
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AFGHANISTAN
IRAN
IRAQ
SAUDI
EGYPT
a
S
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A S E
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PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC
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K A Z A K H S T A N
TURKMENISTAN
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MAURITANIA T TANIA
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S e a
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ALGERIA
WESTERN W WES ES S ER ERN RN SAHA SA SAHAR S SAH AHARA AHA RA R A SAHARA
Puerto Rico (US) t (U.K.) ANTIGUA & BARBUDA upe (Fr.) ique (Fr.) DOMINICA
F
Aral Sea
Black Sea
ARMENIA
GRE GR GREECE EEC E ECE EC E CE E
e
t un la
N
H
At
A
R
SEA OF
n ia sp Ca Sea
MOROCCO
Canary Isles (Spain)
T
MOLDOVA
MACEDONIA MACEDO O A ALBANIA
Balearics (Spain) M e d Sicily i t
O C E A N
SLOVAKIA
AUSTRIA
HUNGARY p s SLOVENIA ROMANIA Al CROATIA ITALY BOSNIA SERBIA BULGARIA MONTENEGRO
Corsica ANDORRA Sardinia SPAIN
PORTUGAL
I
E
OKHOTSK
U K R A I N E
CZECH REP.
SWITZ.
FRANCE
Bay of Biscay
S
B
POLAND
GERMANY
A T L A N T I C
ASSO A
LATVIA LITHUANIA
NETHERLANDS
BELGIUM LUX.
Azores (Port.)
ti
S
A
N O R T H
Bal
UNITED KINGDOM
REP. OF IRELAND
M o u n t a i n
ESTONIA
NORTH S E A DENMARK
U
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U r a l
t
NORWAY
Shetland Isles Orkney Isles
SEA
R
FINLAND
SWEDEN
LI
ai
Faerøerne (Denmark)
S
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SEA
ICELAND ICELAND
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LABRADOR
ST. LUCIA VINCENT RENADA
New Siberian Islands
SEA
KARA SEA
N
o
ffin
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A
I
C
South
Australian Basin
Bass Strait TASMANIA
S E A
North Island
NEW E ZE Z ZEALAND EA EA AL LA LA AN ND N D
South Island
N S
O
U O
R
T A S M A N
C
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N
4 Map of the UK 9°30’
9°
8°30’
8°
7°30’
7°
6°30’
6°
5°30’
5°
4°30’
4°
3°30’
3°
2°30’
2°
1°30’
1° 0°30’W 0° 0°30’E 1°
1°30’
2°
2°30’
60°30’
13° 12°30’ 12° 11°30’ 11° 10°30’ 10°
60°
Shetland Islands Mainland
59°
59°30’
Lerwick
58°30’
Kirkwall Orkney Islands Pentland Firth
s
nd
hla Hig
th rn e
Fi rth
Fishguard
50°30’
C E L T I C S E A
Bude Bay
Newquay 50°
0 10 20
SCALE 30
40
40
60
Isles of Scilly 50
60 Miles
80
100 Km
Mount's Bay
Falmouth
Barnstaple or Bideford Bay
Exmoor
Barnstable
Bude Bodmin Moor
l C hannel
Bo r
ts
ds
BRISTOL
Westonsuper-Mare
Taunton
Exeter Dartmoor
PLYMOUTH
Co
l wo
Yeovil
Weymouth
Norwich
Great Yarmouth The Broads
Lowestoft
Cambridge Ipswich
Orford Ness
Bury St Edmunds Colchester The Naze Luton Foulness Chelmsford Island St Albans
Swindon
Salisbury Plain
Southend-on-Sea LONDON Hounslow Margate Bromley Maidstone Canterbury Basingstoke Croydon Dover f Tunbridge Wells o
SOUTHAMPTON
Bournemouth Lyme Bay
Torquay
Peterborough
Oxford
Bath
Salisbury
The Wash
The Fens
Brighton Portsmouth Worthing
Isle of Wight
S H G L I E N
Cherbourg
E L C H A N N
tr
ait
CALAIS
Boulogne Le Touquet Paris-Plage
Abbeville Dieppe Le Havre
ROUEN
REF1-MAP-01
Truro
20
Hereford Cheltenham
CARDIFF
51°
Lundy
10
WALES
Pembroke Llanelli Camarthen Carmarthen Bay Swansea Newport Caldey Island
Penzance
Northampton Bedford Worcester
n St Brides Bay
COVENTRY
BIRMINGHAM
ia
Ramsey Island
Bristo
0
de rs
tain
Mo
Aberystwyth
Skomer Island Skokholm Island
STOKE-ON-TRENT NOTTINGHAM DERBY
r
G St Ch
Crewe
Grimsby
Skegness
WOLVERHAMPTON LEICESTER
un
Cardigan Bay
Clear Island
49°30’
Wrexham
la
s
u ins en nP ey Ll
Lincoln
ve
Caernarfon Bay
Bardsey Island
Wexford Bay
CORK
Barnsley
LIVERPOOL MANCHESTER Rotherham SHEFFIELD
br
BOGGERAGH MTS
Bantry
Th e
a Jur
d of
Wicklow Mountains
Kilkenny
Bridlington
LEEDS KINGSTON UPON HULL
Holyhead Colwyn Bay Stockport Anglesey St Asaph Chester
Holy Island
Carlow
Scarborough
Do
y
Preston Blackburn
York
S
a try B Ba n
North York Moors
Lancaster Blackpool BRADFORD
am
er R iv
Middlesbrough
Harrogate
Isle of Walney
I R I S H S E A
e an org ne e's l
Kenmare re ma Ken
Dursey Bear Island Island
Darlington
ENGLAND
Barrow-in-Furness
Douglas Drogheda
WATERFORD
y
Durham
T
Lake District
C
55° 54°30’ 54° 53°30’ 53° 52°30’ 52°
le Ba Ding
NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE SUNDERLAND
Carlisle
F ay
Whitehaven
Tralee
Gt. Blasket Island
lw
Isle of Man
Dundalk Bay
Portlaoise
Tipperary
Valentia Island
BELFAST
R E P U B L I C DUBLIN OF IRELAND
LIMERICK
So
©MAPS IN MINUTESTM 2019
Ennis
n
Dumfries
s
Slieve Mou Augh ntains ty
Holy Island t vio he s e C ill Th H
old eW Th
Galway
ds
es
ay
er
th
an
in
ay B Galw
Inisheer
ou
S E A
Berwick-upon-Tweed
pl
nn
Inishmore Aran Islands
S
Luce Bay
Dundalk
Navan
Athlone
Girvan
U
Pe
Roscommon
Lisburn
N O R T H
of Forth Firth
EDINBURGH
e
Inishark
Kilmarnock Ayr
Armagh
DUBLIN Newry
Cavan
Dundee
Kirkcaldy
h
Iron Mountains
ns
Montrose
el
Clare Clew Bay Island Inishturk Inishbofin
Omagh Upper Lough Erne
Firth of Clyde
n
Achill Island
Lower Lough Erne
Sligo
ph s) am in e G nta ev ou Sli x M O
Larne
Lough Neagh
Aberdeen
ains
ntai
GLASGOW
Arran
n
Cookstown
Peterhead
Perth
Mull of Kintyre
Ballymena
Mou nt
Mou
pian
Stirling Greenock
a Ch rth No
Donegal Sligo Bay
Gigha
Rathlin Island
Coleraine
gal Bay Done
51°30’
Islay
LONDONDERRY NORT HERN IREL AND
Oban
Soun
Laggan Bay
Tory Island
Fraserburgh
SCOTLAND
he nn Li
Sound of Bute
Kint
55°30’
Jura
Aran Island
ch Lo
Luing Scarba
Oronsay Coul Point
Cairngorm
am
of
Isle of Mull
Colonsay
OCEAN
Nor
Gr
Lo
Ulva Iona
rth
Elgin
Fort William
yre
Tiree
Fi
Inverness Monadhliath Mountains
Eigg
Muck
ra y
irt h
es
rid
eb
H
56°30’ 56°
d un So
Rum
r ne In Coll
Raasay
Cu ill in
Canna
Mo
We st
ttl
eL i
Th
57°
Isle of Skye
ATLANTIC
ch
in
he
T Sound of Ra asay Inner So und
Rona
e
is
M
ar r
in
ch
of H nd ou
57°30’
Taransay S Pabbay Scalpay Berneray Harris Uibhist a Tuath (North Uist) Heisker or Monach Islands Ronay Beinn na Faoghla (Benbecula)
Barra Vatersay Sandray Rosinish Mingulay Berneray
Wick
M
Out
Shiant Islands
Uibhist a Deas (South Uist)
Island of Stroma
Thurso
Steornabhagh (Stornoway)
er H ebr ide s
58°
Isle of Lewis
FRANCE
Ti
Y
Sr
Rb
[227]
Ac*
[226]
Ra
radium 88
57
actinium 89
104
rutherfordium
Rf
[261]
Hf
178
lanthanum
hafnium 72
139
La*
137
Ba
barium 56
zirconium 40
yttrium 39
Zr
91
Db
dubnium 105
[262]
Ta
tantalum 73
181
Nb
niobium 41
93
V
vanadium 23
55
106
seaborgium
Sg
[266]
W
tungsten 74
Bh
bohrium 107
[264]
Re
rhenium 75
186
43
42
184
Tc technetium
Mo molybdenum
[98]
25
96
24
Mn manganese
chromium
Cr
52
56
59
59
63.5
65
Hs
hassium 108
[277]
Os
osmium 76
190
44
ruthenium
Ru
101
iron 26
Fe
109
meitnerium
Mt
[268]
Ir
iridium 77
192
Rh
rhodium 45
103
Co
cobalt 27
110
darmstadtium
Ds
[271]
Pt
platinum 78
195
Pd
palladium 46
106
Ni
nickel 28
111
roentgenium
Rg
[272]
gold 79
Au
197
Ag
silver 47
108
Cu
copper 29
112
copernicium
Cn
[285]
Hg
mercury 80
201
Cd
cadmium 48
112
zinc 30
Zn
Nh
nihonium 113
[286]
Tl
thallium 81
204
In
indium 49
115
Ga
gallium 31
70
Fl
flerovium 114
[289]
lead 82
Pb
207
tin 50
Sn
119
32
germanium
Ge
73
115
moscovium
Mc
[289]
Bi
bismuth 83
209
Sb
antimony 51
122
As
arsenic 33
75
15
phosphorus
P
31
N
nitrogen 7
14
5
Halogens Non-Metals
Noble Gases
Other Metal
Colour Key Alkaline Earth Metals
Alkali Metals
116
livermorium
Lv
[293]
Po
polonium 84
[209]
Te
tellurium 52
128
Se
selenium 34
79
S
sulfur 16
32
O
oxygen 8
16
6
117
tennessine
Ts
[294]
At
astatine 85
[210]
I
iodine 53
127
Br
bromine 35
80
Cl
chlorine 17
35.5
F
fluorine 9
19
7
Transition Metals
* The Lanthanides (atomic numbers 58 – 71) and the Actinides (atomic numbers 90 – 103) have been omitted. Relative atomic masses for Cu and Cl have not been rounded to. the nearest whole number.
francium 87
Fr
[223]
caesium 55
Cs
133
rubidium 37
strontium 38
89
88
19
titanium 22
Sc
scandium 21
85
Ca
calcium 20
K
potassium
51
13
48
45
12
40
39
Si
silicon 14
28
27
Al aluminium
24
Mg
carbon 6
C
12
4
boron 5
B
11
3
magnesium
Na
23
hydrogen 1
H
1
sodium 11
name atomic (proton) number
atomic symbol
beryllium 4
Be
lithium 3
Li
9
7
key
relative atomic mass
2
© WaveEd 2021 www.wave-ed.co.uk
1
REF1-SCI-01
118
oganesson
Og
[294]
Rn
radon 86
[222]
Xe
xenon 54
131
Kr
krypton 36
84
Ar
argon 18
40
neon 10
Ne
20
He
helium 2
4
0
5
The Periodic Table of Elements
6 Science Skills Please check your own syllabus for specific formulae that you need to know. distance travelled = average speed x time acceleration = change in velocity time taken
a = (v - u) t
force = mass x acceleration
F=mxa
weight = mass x gravitational field strength
W=mxg
efficiency = (useful energy transferred by the device) (total energy supplied to the device) HT
momentum = mass x velocity
p=mxv v=fxλ
wave speed = distance ÷ time
v=x t
density = mass ÷ volume
ρ=m v
work done = force x distance moved in direction of force
E=Fxd
change in gravitational potential energy = mass x gravitational field strength x change in vertical height
∆GPE = m x g x ∆h
kinetic energy = ½ x mass x (speed)²
KE = ½ x m x v²
power = work done ÷ time taken
P=E t
energy transferred = charge moved x potential difference
E=QxV
charge = current x time
Q=Ixt
potential difference = current x time
V=IxR
power = energy transferred ÷ time taken
P=E t
electrical power = current x potential difference
P=IxV
electrical power = current squared x resistance
P = I² x R
force exerted on a spring = spring constant x extension
F=k×x
pressure = force normal to surface ÷ area of that surface
P=F÷A
REF1-SCI-02
moment of a force = force x distance normal to the direction of the force
© WaveEd 2021 www.wave-ed.co.uk
wave speed = frequency x wavelength
7 Science Skills pH scale We can find out if a solution is acidic or alkaline by using an indicator, which is a substance which shows different colours depending on the pH of the solution. Litmus can be used as a liquid or as litmus paper, it turns red in acids and blue in alkalis. To measure to acidity or alkalinity of a solution we use the pH scale. To measure the pH of a solution we can use Universal indicator (a mixture of several different indicators which changes colour depending on the pH of the solution). The pH scale runs from pH 0 to pH 14 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
More Acidic
7
8
9
10
11
Neutral
12
13
14
More Alkaline
REF1-SCI-03
© WaveEd 2021 www.wave-ed.co.uk
Weights & Measures Length 1 centimetre (cm) 1 metre (m) 1 kilometre (km) 1 foot (ft/’) 1 yard (yd) 1 mile (mi)
= 10 millimetres (mm) = 100 centimetres (cm) = 1000 metres (m) = 12 inches (in/”) = 36 inches (in/”) = 1760 yards (yd)
= 0.3937 inches (in/”) = 1.0936 yards (yd) = 0.6214 mile (mi) = 30.48 centimetres (cm) = 0.9144 metre (m) = 1.6093 kilometres (km)
Area 1 sq metre (m2) 1 hectare (ha) 1 sq kilometre (km2) 1 sq foot (ft2) 1 sq yard (yd2) 1 acre
= 10000 sq centimetres (cm2) = 10000 sq metres (m2) = 100 hectares (ha) = 144 sq inches (in2) = 9 sq feet (ft2) = 4840 sq yards (yd2)
= 1.196 sq yards (yd2) = 2.4711 acres = 0.3861 sq mile (mi2) = 0.0929 sq metre (m2) = 0.8361 sq metre (m2) = 4046.9 sq metres (m2)
Weight 1 gram (g) 1 kilogram (kg) 1 tonne (t) 1 ounce (oz) 1 pound (lb)
= 1000 milligrams (mg) = 1000 grams (g) = 1000 kilograms (kg) = 437.5 grains = 16 ounces (oz)
= 0.0353 ounce (oz) = 2.2046 pounds (lb) = 0.9842 ton = 28.35 grams (g) = 0.4536 kilogram (kg)
Capacity and Volume 1 litre (l) 1 pint (pt) 1 UK gallon (gal) 1 cu decimetre (dm3) 1 cu metre (m3) 1 cu yard (yd3)
= 1 cu decimetre (dm3) = 4 gills = 8 pints (pt) = 1000 cu centimetres (cm3) = 1000 cu decimetres (dm3) = 27 cu feet (ft3)
= 0.22 UK gallon (gal) = 0.5683 litre (l) = 4.5461 litres (l) = 0.0353 cu foot (ft3) = 1.3080 cu yards (yd3) = 0.7646 cu metre (m3)
Speeds mph kph
20 32
30 48
40 64
50 80
60 96
70 112
80 128
90 144
100 160
8 Maths Skills Trigonometry H
c O
B
A
C
θ
b
A sin θ = O = opposite H hypotenuse
Sine Law
soh
a sinA
a
Cosine Law
cos θ = A = adjacent H hypotenuse
b sinB
=
c sinC
=
a2 = b2+c2-2bc cosA b2 = a2+c2-2ac cosB c2 = a2+b2-2ab cosC tan θ = O = A
cah
opposite adjacent
toa
Remember SOHCAHTOA sin (A+B) = sinAcosB + cosAsinB sin (A-B) = sinAcosB - cosAsinB cos (A+B) = cosAcosB - sinAsinB cos (A-B) = cosAcosB +sinAsinB
tan (A+B) = tanA + tanB 1- tanAtanB
sin2θ + cos2θ = 1
tan (A-B) = tanA - tanB 1+ tanAtanB
1 + tan2θ = sec2θ
cos2θ - sin2θ = cos 2θ 1 + cot2θ = cosec2θ
Exponents xaxb = xa+b
(xa)b = xab
x1 = x
xa = xa-b xb
(xy)b = xbyb
x-a = 1 (when x≠0) xa
Algebra Addition:
x0 = 1 (when x≠0)
Indices
(x)a/b = b√xa
Multiplication Law: ya x yb = ya+b Division Law: ya ÷ yb = ya-b
Multiplication Grid x
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11 12
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11 12
2
2
4
6
8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
3
3
6
9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36
4
4
8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48
5
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
6
6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 66 72
7
7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70 77 84
8
8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80 88 96
9
9 18 27 36 45 54 63 72 81 90 99 108
11 11 22 33 44 55 66 77 88 99 110 121 132 12 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96 108 120 132 144
REF1-NUM-01
10 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
© WaveEd 2021 www.wave-ed.co.uk
a+b = b+a a+(b+c) = (a+b)+c Multiplication: ab = ba a(bc) = (ab)c Expanding Brackets: a(b+c) = ab+ac (a+b)2 = a2+2ab+b2 (a+b)3 = a3+3a2b+3ab2+b3 a(b-c) = ab-ac (a-b)2 = a2-2ab+b2 (a-b)3 = a3-3a2b+3ab2-b3 (a+b)(a-b) = a2-b2 (a+b)(c+d) = ac+ad+bc+bd (a+b)(a+c) = a2+ac+ab+bc Factorising: a2-b2 = (a+b)(a-b) a3+b3 = (a+b)(a2-ab+b2) a2+2ab+b2 = (a+b)2 a3-b3 = (a-b)(a2+ab+b2) a2-2ab+b2 = (a-b)2 a3b-ab = ab(a+1)(a-1) Quadratic equation: For ax2+bx+c = 0 then x = -b±√b2-4ac 2a
(x)a = xa (when x≠0) (y) ya
9 Maths Skills Angles & Triangles
REF1-NUM-02
© WaveEd 2021 www.wave-ed.co.uk
Area & Volume
Circles
10 Literacy Skills - Punctuation Full Stop (.)
Use a full stop at the end of a sentence that is not a question or exclamation. Example: Marianne closed the door.
Comma (,)
A comma is used either to indicate a natural pause in a sentence or to separate three or more items in a list. Example: John picked up the apples, pears, oranges and bananas.
Semi-colon (;)
A semi-colon can be used as a pause, longer than a comma, but shorter than a full stop. It can be used to join two separate ideas, each complete enough to be a sentence. Example: Sue came home late from work; the house was in complete darkness.
Colon (:)
Use a colon before a list of items, or preceding an explanation or example. Example: I have several favourite foods: chips, pizza and pasta.
Speech Marks (“”)
Speech marks are used to enclose direct speech. Example: “Quiet, class,” shouted Mr Smith, “as this is very important.”
Apostrophe (’)
An apostrophe can be used to indicate possession or when letters have been omitted. Example: It’s (it is) not your pen, it’s (it is) Nigel’s (possessive).
Additional pieces of information can be placed in parenthesis, that is between a pair of brackets, dashes or commas. Example: Three countries, (England, Scotland and Wales), attended the conference.
Exclamation Mark (!)
Usually used after an exclamation or interjection to strong feeling. Example: Help! That’s fantastic! Don’t touch that!
Question Mark (?)
Placed at the end of a sentence which is a direct question. Example: Do you have a pen I can borrow?
Ellipsis (...)
REF1-LIT-01
A series of three dots, used to indicate intentionally omitted content, for example to shorten a quotation. Alternatively ellipsis can be used to indicate a long pause. Example: “I cannot help it; reason has nothing to do with it; I love her against reason.” could become “I cannot help it ... I love her against reason.” (abbreviation) “She wasn’t angry … she was just tired.” (pause)
© WaveEd 2021 www.wave-ed.co.uk
Parenthesis ( )
11 Literacy Skills - Parts of Speech Noun
A word that is used to name a person, place, thing, quality or action Example: road, nurse, cat
Common Noun
A general person, place, thing or idea. Example: city, shoe
Proper Noun
The name of a particular place, person or object (always spelt with a capital letter) Example: Sue, England, March
Pronoun
A word that substitutes a noun, it often refers to a noun that has previously been mentioned. Example: he, her, it
Adjective
A word that describes a noun. Example: large, red, sleepy, interesting
Verb
A word which expresses being or doing. Example: is, shout, run, was
Adverb
REF1-LIT-02
Š WaveEd 2021 www.wave-ed.co.uk
A word or phrase that modifies a verb, adjective or other adverb. Example: so, very, rapidly
Conjunction
A word or phrase that connects two ideas in once sentence. Example: and, but, so, if
Connective
A word which links two separate phrases, clauses or sentences. Example: however, then, therefore
Interjection
A word or phrase which is inserted to express emotion on the part of the speaker, often followed by an exclamation mark. Example: ah, cheers, thanks, oh dear
Preposition
A word which expresses position in relation to a noun, verb or adjective. Example: the weather in Spain, flew above the clouds, slept throughout the winter
12 Exam Preparation The key to success is LEARNING your work and this should begin at the start of your course. You need to concentrate in all your lessons from the word go and always ASK YOUR TEACHER if you ever have problems understanding the work - it will save you a lot of time when it comes to revision. The following six steps will help you prepare for your exams.
Step 1: Know What You Need To Do • Obtain the syllabus for each of your exam subjects. This tells you what you need to know in each subject and gives you your topics for revision. • What form will each exam will take? Written, oral or practical. What sort of questions will be asked? Essays, short answers, one word answers etc. • Record the dates and times for each of your exams in this Student Planner.
Step 2: Plan Your Revision • Devise a revision timetable for display in your room. Make sure that you stick to it, and mark off each task as you achieve it. You can download a free printable exam timetable from http://wav.ee/exams • Block out the times when you cannot revise because of other commitments such as lesson times, after-school activities and times for relaxation. • Start revising early in the morning when your mind is fresh. • Build up to working in 45 minute blocks, taking 10 or 15 minute breaks. Include some longer breaks with rewards, especially after working on a difficult subject.
Step 3: Where To Revise • A tidy, well lit, undisturbed place to work. • A table giving you enough room for your books. • A comfortable chair. • All the resources you need.
Step 4: How To Revise • Make use of the blocks of time already identified in your weekly revision plan. • Enter the topics which you need to cover from each exam syllabus on your wallchart. • Make revision notes using your class notes and revision guides. If in doubt ASK your teacher. Highlight key facts and ideas, definitions, formulae, theories etc. • Use a separate notebook for each subject to build up an accurate and complete set of revision notes which are a condensed version of your original class notes. • Transfer some of your notes onto index cards and use them to refresh your memory.
REF1-EXA-01
• Occasionally study with a friend and test each other.
© WaveEd 2021 www.wave-ed.co.uk
It is important to revise in the correct environment, if you don’t have a suitable space at home try your local library, or speak to your teachers about other options.
13 The Solar System Mercury The Sun Saturn Mars Earth Venus
Jupiter Neptune
REF1-SOL-01
Š WaveEd 2021 www.wave-ed.co.uk
Uranus
Planets Equatorial Diameter (km)
Mass (Relative to Earth)
Distance from Sun (million km)
Orbital Period (years)
Confirmed Moons
Mercury
4,880
Venus
12,103
0.06
57.91
0.24
0
0.82
108.20
0.62
Earth
0
12,756
1.00
149.60
1.00
1
Mars
6,794
0.11
227.94
1.88
2
Jupiter
142,984
317.80
778.33
11.86
67
Name
Saturn
120,536
95.20
1,429.40
29.46
62
Uranus
51,118
14.60
2,870.99
84.01
27
Neptune
49,532
17.20
4,504.00
164.80
13
In addition to the eight planets, there are also a number of dwarf planets including Ceres, Pluto (formerly recognised as a planet) and Eris.
14 Spelling Dictionary a
_________________ _________________
c
b
_________________
bachelor baffled beginning believed benefited breathe briefly business
_________________
_________________ _________________
_________________
d dabble debriefing deceive
_________________ _________________ _________________
e eccentric economic embarrass embarrassment emphasize equipped especially essential excellent exercise existence existence expenses extremely _________________ _________________ _________________
f faithfully feasible fiscal foreign forfeit forty fulfilled
fulfilment _________________ _________________ _________________
g gauge generalization government grammar grievance guardian _________________ _________________ _________________
h harass height hiatus hierarchy _________________ _________________ _________________
i immediately immensity impregnate indispensable inoculate irrational irrelevant irreparable _________________ _________________ _________________
REF1-SPE-01
_________________
calculator calendar category ceiling changeable chaotic choice colleagues college coming commission commitment committee companion compensate competitively completely concede conceding connoisseur conscience conscientious consistent convenience correspondence counterfeit courteous courtesy criticism crucial
deficient definite definitely description desirable deterrent develop disappointed discipline discrepancy dissatisfied dissertation
Š WaveEd 2021 www.wave-ed.co.uk
a lot absence accessible accidentally accommodation achieved acknowledge acquainted acquiescence acquire actually addresses advertise aerial aggravate agreeable all right although amateur ambiguous amendment analysis ancillary anxiety apparent appearance approximate argument arrangement ascend autumn
_________________
15 Spelling Dictionary j _________________ _________________ _________________
k kindly knowledgeable
questionnaire
transference transferred twentieth
_________________
_________________
_________________
o
_________________
_________________
obviate occasionally occupant occurred occurrence occurring omission omitted
_________________
_________________
r
u unattainable undoubtedly unnecessary until unwritten
_________________
l
_________________
liaise
_________________
_________________
p
_________________
parallel paralleled particularly pastime permanent permutation perseverance precede preceding preference preliminary privilege procedure proceed proceeds professor proprietary psychology publicly
_________________
_________________
_________________
_________________
_________________
xylophone yield
_________________
t
_________________
_________________ _________________
_________________ _________________ _________________
m
Š WaveEd 2021 www.wave-ed.co.uk
q
_________________
reasonable receive regrettable relevant relive repetition restaurant rhythm
_________________
REF1-SPE-01
_________________
maintenance manoeuvre millennium miniature minuscule miscellaneous mischievous misspell _________________ _________________ _________________
n nationally nebulous necessary negotiate niece noticeable
_________________
s
_________________ _________________
v visible _________________
science secretaries seize separate separately similar sincerely sovereign statutory subcontract summary supersede surprising synonymous
_________________
_________________
x/y/z
telegram threshold
_________________
w weird withdrawn withhold within _________________ _________________ _________________
_________________
16 Basic French Numbers Les numéros
Days of the week Les jours de la semaine
• one – un
• Monday – lundi
• two – deux
• Tuesday – mardi
• three – trois
• Wednesday – mercredi
• four – quatre
• Thursday – jeudi
• five – cinq
• Friday – vendredi
• six – six
• Saturday – samedi
• seven – sept
• Sunday – dimanche
• eight – huit • nine – neuf • ten – dix • eleven – onze • twelve – douze • thirteen – treize • fourteen – quatorze • fifteen – quinze • sixteen – seize • seventeen – dix–sept • nineteen – dix–neuf • twenty – vingt • thirty – trente • forty – quarante • fifty – cinquante • sixty – soixante • seventy – soixante-dix • eighty – quatre-vingts • ninety – quatre–vingt-dix • one hundred – cent • one thousand – mille
• February – février • March – mars • April – avril • May – mai • June – juin • July – juillet • August – août • September – septembre • October – octobre • November – novembre • December – décembre
REF1–LAN–01
• two hundred – deux cents
• January – janvier
© WaveEd 2021 www.wave-ed.co.uk
• eighteen – dix–huit
Months of the year Les mois de l’année
17 Basic German Numbers Nummer
Days of the week Tage auf die Woche
• one – eins
• Monday – Montag
• two – zwei
• Tuesday – Dienstag
• three – drei
• Wednesday – Mittwoch
• four – vier
• Thursday – Donnerstag
• five – fünf
• Friday – Freitag
• six – sechs
• Saturday – Samstag
• seven – sieben
• Sunday – Sonntag
• eight – acht • nine – neun • ten – zehn • eleven – elf • twelve – zwölf • thirteen – dreizehn • fourteen – vierzehn • fifteen – fünfzehn • sixteen – sechzehn
REF1–LAN–01
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• seventeen – siebzehn • eighteen – achtzehn • nineteen – neunzehn • twenty – zwanzig • thirty – dreißig • forty – vierzig • fifty – fünfzig • sixty – sechzig • seventy – siebzig • eighty – achtzig • ninety – neunzig • one hundred – hundert • two hundred – zweihundert • one thousand – tausend
Months of the year Monate auf das Jahr • January – Januar • February – Februar • March – März • April – April • May – Mai • June – Juni • July – Juli • August – August • September – September • October – Oktober • November – November • December – Dezember
18 Basic Spanish Numbers Los Números
Days of the week Los dias de la Semana
• one – uno
• Monday – lunes
• two – dos
• Tuesday – martes
• three – tres
• Wednesday – miércoles
• four – cuatro
• Thursday – jueves
• five – cinco
• Friday – viernes
• six – seis
• Saturday – sábado
• seven – siete
• Sunday – domingo
• eight – ocho • nine – nueve • ten – diez • eleven – once • twelve – doce • thirteen – trece • fourteen – catorce • fifteen – quince • sixteen – dieciséis • seventeen – diecisiete • nineteen – diecinueve • twenty – veinte • thirty – treinta • forty – cuarenta • fifty – cincuenta • sixty – sesenta • seventy – setenta • eighty – ochenta • ninety – noventa • one hundred – cien • one thousand – mil
• February – febrero • March – marzo • April – abril • May – mayo • June – junio • July – julio • August – agosto • September – septiembre • October – octubre • November – noviembre • December – diciembre
REF1–LAN–01
• two hundred – doscientos
• January – enero
© WaveEd 2021 www.wave-ed.co.uk
• eighteen – dieciocho
Months of the year Los meses del Año
19
French
Additional Verbs Avoir – to have • J’ai – I have • Tu as – you have (singular) • Il/elle a – he/she has • Nous avons – we have • Vous avez – You have (plural/formal) • Ils/elles ont – they have
Être – to be • Je suis– I am • Tu es – you are (singular) • Il/elle est – he/she is • Nous sommes – we are • Vous êtes – you are (plural/formal) • Ils/elles sont – they are
Time phrases • Le vendredi – on Fridays • Ce weekend – this weekend • Le weekend prochain – next weekend • Le weekend dernier – last weekend
• Puis – then • Ensuite – and then • Après – after
REF1–LAN–01
• Car/parce que – because
• Mais – but
haben – to have • ich habe – I have • du hast – you have • er hat – he has • sie hat – she has • es hat - it has • wir haben - we have • ihr habt – you (pl) have • sie haben – they have • Sie haben – you (polite) have
sein – to be • ich bin – I am • du bist – you are • er ist – he is • sie ist – she is • es ist - it is • wir sind - we are • ihr seid – you (pl) are • sie sind – they are • Sie sind – you (polite) are
Time phrases • Am Freitag – on Friday • Am Wochenende – at the weekend • Abends – in the evenings
• dann – then • nachher – afterwards
Conjunctions • und - and
Spanish
© WaveEd 2021 www.wave-ed.co.uk
German
Conjunctions • Et – and
• aber - but
• denn – as/because
Tener – to have • Tengo – I have • Tienes – you have (singular) • Tiene – he/she has • Tenemos – we have • Tenéis – You have (plural/formal) • Tienen – they have
Ser – to be • Soy – I am • Eres – you are (singular) • Es – he/she has • Somos – we are • Sois – you are (plural/formal) • Son – they are
Time phrases • Los viernes – on Fridays • Este fin de semana – this weekend • El fin de semana que viene/el próximo • fin de semana – next weekend
• El fin de semana pasado – last weekend • Pues – then • Después – after
Conjunctions • y – and
• porque – because/why
• pero – but
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