Ex situ updates vol 2 issue 2

A ex-situ updates updates

CZA A Quarterly Newsletter of the Central Zoo Authority A Quarterly Newsletter of the Central Zoo Authority

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April 2013 (Volume 2, Issue 1) July 2013 (Volume 2, Issue 2)

CZA CZA

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Editorial Board Chief Patron

Jayanthi Natarajan Minister of State (I/C) Ministry of Environment & Forests & Chairperson, CZA Government of India

Contents Conservation Breeding of the Hoolock Gibbon at Biological Park, Itanagar Enriching the Chimpanzee exhibit at Kanpur Zoo, Kanpur

Chief Advisor S.S. Garbyal Additional Director General of Forests (Wildlife), Ministry of Environment & Forests Government of India

Introduction of Wali at Mysore Zoo

Editor in Chief B.S. Bonal Member Secretary, CZA

National Zoological Park, Delhi

Editorial Technical Dr. Brij Kishor Gupta

Evaluation & Monitoring Officer CZA

Zoo News

Editorial Coordinator

Devender Kumar Scientific Officer, CZA

Editorial Consultants Himanshu Malhotra & Sabina Kidwai

CZA News

Partner Institutions

Cover photograph

Photo credit: Dr. Jikom Panor

Eastern Hoolock gibbon

The Hoolock Gibbon (Hoolock leuconedys) is a rare primate of the Indian sub-continent. It is protected under Schedule I of the Wild Life (Protection) Act 1972 and is listed as Endangered by the IUCN (IUCN, 2008). In India, gibbons are restricted to the tropical forests of the southern bank of the Dibang–Brahmaputra river system in the seven states of the Northeast: Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Tripura, Nagaland and Manipur. The Conservation Breeding Centre at the Biological Park Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh was established in 2007 with financial assistance from the Central Zoo Authority of India. The centre successfully bred eight offspring between 2008 and 2012.

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School of Planning and Architecture

FROM THE DESK OF MEMBER SECRETARY In the current issue, we carry an article by Ms Hilda on chimpanzee enclosures at the National Zoological Park, New Delhi, and Sri Chamarajendra Zoological Gardens, Mysore. She has appreciated the Chimpanzee enclosures at the National Zoological Park, describing them as exceptionally good and saying that they will encourage appropriate chimpanzee behaviors. These exhibits are large and spacious, with natural soil, grasses and climbing structures. I recall that when the Chimpanzee enclosure at the National Zoological Park, at the present site, was constructed in 2002-2003, I was the Director. When the present site was shown to the late Shri Pushp Kumar, the design consultant, he was very happy to develop the design without damaging a single tree and any structure that existed there. His design, which he called his copyright design, can be viewed now, featuring rocky walls.

The article by the ex-Director, Kanpur Zoo, on making efforts to add furniture in the form of ropes, dry trees, logs, etc. in Chimpanzee enclosures describes what every zoo director should try to do for other animal enclosures too. The Central Zoo Authority (CZA), through recognition of zoo rules, has been emphasizing the point that a zoo should endeavour to maintain the basic natural features of the zoo site, such as water bodies, natural ridges and vegetation. Planting of bushes, hedges and trees should also be done wherever vacant space is available, and the same should be maintained to serve as habitats for free-ranging species of wild animals and birds.

That is what is termed ‘nature immersing enrichment’ in zoos where visitors are made to move through a green landscape from enclosure to enclosure so as to have a feel of visiting a wildlife sanctuary or national park. The landscape around every animal exhibit/enclosure should comprise of plantations of appropriate tree and shrub species of adequate extent and such shape that the enclosure is not be visible to the visitors from any place other than the animal viewing areas. All the hard exteriors of the enclosure, i.e. the barrier of the enclosure and the frontage of the feeding cells or feeding kraals should be effectively camouflaged through planting of bamboo, dwarf tree species, shrubs, etc. Any wild animal living free in nature performs a wide range of activities, viz., foraging, exploration, territorial patrolling, marking territorial boundaries, avoiding predators, wallowing, climbing, burrowing, seeking mates etc. Its social behaviours include parenting, courtship and other interactive activities viz. chasing each other and indulging in mock fights. However, in the zoo environment, the environmental complexity is missing, and the animal has to spend little effort to get its food and security. The space available for various activities is also limited, which invariably leads to the development of aberrant/stereotypic behaviour in the animals, which make them look pathetic. There is no denying the fact that it is neither feasible nor practical to simulate the conditions of the wild in the zoo; still, zoo operators can provide the animals ample opportunities to express their natural behaviour through imaginative enclosure designing and planned enrichment. Therefore, some components must be provided by the zoo operators: 1. Providing an adequate three-dimensional space for exercising the normal movement and behavioural patterns, i.e. walking, flying and climbing.

2. Providing suitable trees, shrubs and bushes in enclosures to provide the animals opportunities for climbing, swinging, feeding, clawing, playing, rubbing etc.

3. Burrows/dens could also be constructed to facilitate hibernation or to provide shelter during extreme weather conditions.

4. Fixing mud pots, tree hollows and bamboo baskets to meet nesting and egg laying requirements of birds.

5. Providing appropriately sized logs/branches of trees to meet the behavioural needs of animals even as trees are growing (trees take considerable time to grow to the required sizes). However, the use of nylon ropes, tyres and swings should normally be avoided because these do not add to the overall aesthetic and natural environment of the enclosure.

The idea of planting the right tree/plant species at the right time in the desired site will go a long way in management and utilization of limited land and water resources that zoo operators have. With this background, our zoos need to embark on planting more food and fodder trees of indigenous species in order to develop nature immersing enrichment.

I sincerely believe that if efforts are made to create an environment as described in the foregoing, our animals will show natural behaviour as in the wild. Our esteemed visitors to the zoos will like these measures too.

(B.S Bonal) 1

Photo credit: Himanshu Malhotra

CONSERVATION BREEDING OF HOOLOCK GIBBON AT BIOLOGICAL PARK, ITANAGAR

–– Dr. Jikom Panor The Hoolock Gibbon (Hoolock leuconedys) is a rare primate of the Indian sub-continent. It is protected under Schedule I of the Wild Life (Protection) Act and is listed as Endangered by the IUCN (IUCN, 2008). In India, gibbons are restricted to the tropical forests of the southern bank of the Dibang–Brahmaputra river system in the seven states of the Northeast: Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Tripura, Nagaland and Manipur. The Eastern Hoolock Gibbon occurs in two of these states, namely Arunachal Pradesh and Assam (Chetry and Chetry, 2010). The Biological Park, Itanagar has been identified by the Central Zoo Authority as the coordinating zoo for the planned conservation breeding of the species.

This note provides an overview of the efforts taken to rescue and rehabilitate the species and of the translocation and management techniques (diet, housing, veterinary care and handling techniques) used in the ex-situ facilities.

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The Conservation Breeding Centre at the Biological Park was established in 2007 with financial assistance from the Central Zoo Authority of India with founder stock. The centre successfully bred eight offspring between 2008 and 2012. It is the leading Hoolock Gibbon breeding centre in India. Details are provided in the following. (a) Founder stock: The founder stock included five pairs of Eastern Hoolocks rescued from Delo and other parts of Dibang Valley District between June 2006 and February 2008 and translocated to the Biological Park.

The species involved has been treated as the Eastern Hoolock Gibbon on the basis of the report of a primatologist.

However, there are significant differences between the morphology of the rescued gibbons and that of the Eastern Gibbon of China. A detailed genetic study is required. (b) Screening of health and tagging: All the animals at the Conservation Breeding Centre were subjected to a medical examination at the time of rescue. They were given preventive treatment also:

• They were examined for rough hair coat, ectoparasitic infestations, fevers, chills, nasal discharge and pneumonia.

• The effects of predisposing factors and environmental stress were assessed.

• A rapid diagnostic test was carried out for tuberculosis. None of the animals were found to be positive.

• Blood samples were tested for malaria, filaria and trypanosomiasis. No animals were found to be positive.

• Stools were examined. All the gibbons were found to be positive for Toxocara sp. Adults were treated with ivermectin (0.3).

Young ones were treated with albendazole syrup.

• Each animal was implanted with a microchip for identification and record keeping. (c) Translocation and quarantine: All the rescued animals were transported to the Conservation Breeding Centre by road. No sedatives were used, and the animals were provided with glucose water, apples, bananas and soaked gram during the translocation.

One family was transported at a time.

The animals were kept in quarantine for 15 days, after which they were released into an enclosure. (d) Enclosures: The gibbons are housed outdoors. The main objective of the centre is to reintroduce all the captive-born animals to the wild. The enclosures are therefore designed to simulate the natural habitat of the species. One enclosure with an irregular 9-foot-high brick wall, smooth finished inside, and an open moat has been constructed for each pair of gibbons. The area of each enclosure is 3000 square metres. A treatment cell has been provided at a corner of each enclosure. The gibbons sleep outdoors on the nesting trees provided in the enclosure. Picus species, Morus lavigeta, banana and other species of tree and climber that are consumed

by Hoolocks have been planted inside the enclosure. Bamboo and other feed items are provided on the branches of trees. Cane ropes and bamboo bridges have also been provided between the trees inside the enclosure as a part of

Photo credit: Himanshu Malhotra

Hoolock gibbon enclosure at Biological Park Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh

the environmental enrichment carried out for the animals. (e) Diet: The gibbons are fed twice a day, and all uneaten foods are removed after 4 hours. All the feed is checked, washed and served along with water and placed on feeding platforms on the trees. The daily food intake is recorded so that the behavioural and physical condition of the animals can be monitored. When gibbons exhibit a loss of appetite for more than 2 days, faecal analysis and behavioural observations are carried out. Once every 15 days, the gibbons are fed only fresh green leaves of any two or three of following: Morua spp., Picus sp., bogori, jutli, bamboo, jamun (wild origin), lettuce, spinach, mustard leaf, leaf of French bean, sweet potato, beetroot, Chinese cabbage and flower of ladies’ finger (from organic farm).

Citrus fruits are also included in the diet; contrary to popular belief, the animals do not show any signs of acidity. Initially the animals did not accept some of the feed, such as sweet potato, gram and tender leaves. To overcome this 3

problem, the animals were starved and provided with only these items until they accepted them. Once they were acquainted with a feed, they readily accepted it, and then it was included in the diet. In the early days of their rehabilitation, the gibbons were seen to be reluctant to drink water, probably owing to their not being accustomed to drinking from a trough or bowl in the wild. Hoolocks usually wet their fingers in dew drops and lick them. During their rehabilitation the gibbons were also observed to lick their own urine in the same manner often. (f) Health care: The emphasis in providing health care is on the animal keepers rather than only the animals.

The zoo keepers at the centre are screened for zoonotic diseases every 6 months and dewormed regularly.

Preventive medication, vaccination and rampant use of drugs are avoided to prevent drug resistance.

Hygiene, both personal and in the cleaning of enclosures, utensils, etc., is monitored strictly. The major health problem encountered in the centre

is viral influenza, which can develop with poor housing, cold, wet weather and a lack of nesting trees. It can be fatal if immediate treatment is not provided for secondary infections and pneumonia. Amoxicillin and oxytetracycline have been found to be very effective. Toxocara infestations are very common at the centre. Stool examinations are carried out every month, and animals with infestations are dewormed. Other health problems are hepatitis, diarrhoea and infighting. (g) Record keeping: Retaining the diversity of species and subspecies and creating a viable gene pool, with the ultimate goal of releasing animals into their protected native habitats, are two of the reasons for breeding gibbons in captivity. Individuals in conservation breeding programme should be identifiable so that inbreeding can be avoided in captive populations. The rescued gibbons were implanted with transponders for identification. A house name was assigned to each animal.

List of Hoolock Gibbons at Biological Park, Itanagar National Studbook no.

1. Duma

Male Wild Wild

00020

2. Bankwia

Male Wild Wild

00021

3. Seni

-

Wild Wild

00041

4. Unki

-

Wild Wild

00009

5. Linggi

Male Wild Wild

00022

6. Dello

Female Wild Wild

00023

7. Yasum

Female Wild Wild

00024

8. Baby

Male Wild Wild

00025

9. Lagder

Male Wild Wild

00026

10. Rukmini

Female Wild Wild

00027

11. Nega

Male 00026 00027

00028

12. 10/H/05

Male Wild Wild

00029

13. Yapa

Female Wild Wild

00030

14. Mithum

Male Wild Wild

00031

15. Taping

Male Wild Wild

00032

16. Pintu

Male Wild Wild

00033

BREEDING BIOLOGY Mating was observed mainly during the early part of the rainy season and occasionally throughout the year.

Mating was observed before female Hoolocks changed colour. There was much foreplay such as grooming, chasing and kissing. Both male and female Hoolocks reach sexual maturity after they are 5–6 years old. At the time of birth, the female remains isolated and does not come to feed. After a gestation period of 180–186 days, signs of labour pain are noted over a period of 3–6 hours. As soon as the head of the foetus appears through the birth canal, the female pulls the baby out. Immediately the mother starts cleaning up the baby by licking it. She keeps it securely on her chest, protecting it with her thighs. Later she pulls out the placenta and eats it up like any other animal. The mother remains isolated with the baby and does not allow mating till the baby attains an age of 9 months to 1 year. Babies weighed between 70 and 80 grams at birth.

Interestingly, mating with pregnant mothers was frequently observed, but there was no miscarriage.

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At birth, neonates (male and female) are creamy white in colour. The colour changes to grey by 9 months’ age.

Males grow darker when they are 2 years old, while females start turning a creamy tan when they are 6 years old.

Thus, juveniles or sub-adults of both sexes are black in colour. The males can be differentiated by their tassels and pubic hair. The young are weaned when they are 2–3 years old. The colour of females begins to change at the forehead and around the mouth when the animal is 6 years old. The female gibbon is completely copper tan with a white eyebrow when it is 7–8 years old.

Males turn black and develop a white eyebrow that is upturned at the ends from 2 years’ age till maturity. Males attain a body weight of 5–6.4 kilograms (exceptionally up to 6.5 kilograms) at maturity; females weigh a little less.

∼ Ex-Veterinarian, Biological Park, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh

CZA NEWS Photo credit: Himanshu Malhotra

Sl. No. Name of Sex Sire Dam

Hoolock Gibbon

Member Secretary CZA & Member Secretary NTNC,Nepal

CZA AND NTNC, NEPAL SIGN A MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING The Central Zoo Authority (CZA), India and the National Trust for Nature Conservation, Nepal (NTNC) signed a memorandum of understanding on 27 May 2013.

Both parties agreed to promote and coordinate mutual staff exchange training in management and technical aspects of zoorelated conservation and research matters. The CZA will annually sponsor two senior-level NTNC/ CZoo staff members, and NTNC/ CZoo will annually sponsor one senior-level CZA staff member to participate in workshops and training programmes.

Both parties agreed to promote and coordinate the exchange of zoo animals to improve genetic diversity, ensure sustainable captive breeding and enhance species diversity for their respective animal collections.

Both parties agreed to undertake joint conservation and research projects in South Asia that may include in-situ work, habitat protection, public education, awareness, environmental issues and capacity building of range country staff.

ENRICHING THE CHIMPANZEE EXHIBIT AT KANPUR ZOO — K. Praveen Rao

The chimp came out into the open and was astonished to see the new features inside its territory. It carefully inspected each of them. Then it tested the strength of the ropes. It climbed up to the trees, gradually going up to the top of the forks, where it stood on it and enjoyed the aerial view of its enclosure and the surroundings.

clenched. This form of locomotion is called knuckle-walking. Chimpanzee feet are well suited for walking. The soles are broad and the toes short, and so chimpanzees can walk upright on their two legs. They tend to do this when carrying any food in their hands.

They are mostly frugivorous.

The natural habitat of chimpanzees is the rainforest, but they are also known to inhabit swamps, savannahs, woodlands and bamboo forests.

Chimps in the wild spend equal times

Photo credit: K. Praveen Rao

on land and in trees, but they do most of their eating and sleeping up in the forest canopy.

Chimpanzees live in large multiplemale and multiple-female social groups called communities. Within a community, there is a definite social hierarchy in which the position of an individual is dictated by the influence the individual has on others.

Chimpanzees make tools and use them to acquire foods and in social displays.

Chimpanzee tool usage includes digging into termite mounds with a large stick tool and then using a smaller, altered stick to “fish” the termites out.

Chimp communication is similar to human nonverbal communication, involving vocalizations, hand gestures and facial expressions.

CHIMPANZEE KANPUR ZOO

ENCLOSURE

IN

Kanpur Zoological Park has a very big dry-moated island enclosure for its chimpanzee. The island is in the shape of a parabola or circle. This open island is connected to sleeping cells. The open enclosure has a small tree and a cement concrete shade shaped like an umbrella. The chimp knuckle-walks down to the moat and back to the top of the island and then towards in the gate of its sleeping cell.

It keeps repeating this circular walk regularly, sometimes climbing on to the small tree for a while. When it is up on the tree, it wags its hands. During its walks, it picks up rubble and throws

Chimpanzees belong to the family Hominidae, the other well-known members of which are humans, gorillas and orangutans. The male chimpanzee is around 1.7 metres tall, and the female is somewhat smaller.

The chimpanzee’s arms are longer than its legs—the length of the arms is 1.5 times the body’s height of the animal. Chimpanzees put these powerful arms to good use when climbing trees. When walking on the ground, chimpanzees use their knuckles for support, with their hands 5

Photo credit: K. Praveen Rao

INTRODUCTION

Placement of wooden logs in the Exhibit

Enrichment of enclosure

it on visitors. It was trained a long time back to stick its tongue out, clap and beg for fruits.

ENCLOSURE ENRICHMENT After observing these stereotypic movements of the animal, we decided to enrich the enclosure so that the animal could be kept busy by itself and avoid interacting too much with visitors. To stimulate the chimpanzee, visitors perform vandal acts such as throwing stones on it. The animal reacts and retaliates. Visitors derive fun from such acts.

During rainy weather, some of the trees get uprooted and fall. We selected two big fallen trees of shisham. These trees were dead and dry. They were more than 7 metres in height and were forked at the top. The trees were pollarded above the forked tops so that they were sufficiently strong, and the protruding roots were cut.

Since the animal is arboreal in nature and the enclosure has only one small tree and a concrete shade, it was decided to provide a big tree and ropes inside the enclosure. These would cater to its arboreal requirements.

The selected trees were at a distance of almost 1.5 km from the enclosure.

It was very difficult to carry them manually. Hence a crane was engaged for the purpose. The trees were carried one at a time to the enclosure. Pits were dug about 15 metres apart at the top of the island. These pits were approximately 1.25 metres deep. Care was taken in positioning the trees to ensure that the chimp would not be able to jump out of the enclosure from their tops or swing out using the ropes.

Kanpur Zoo is spread across a very big area and has an undulating terrain.

The soil is sandy, is the area being an extension of the khadar areas of the Ganges. Khadar areas are extensions of the sandy rivers bed. These khadar areas extend further into bangar areas, which are areas with sandy ravines.

The zoo is located in a bangar area.

The zoo has been planted with neem (Azadirachta indica), jamun (Syzygium cumini), chilbil (Holoptelia integrifolia), shisham (Dalbergia sissoo), etc.

The trees were unloaded in the enclosure and painted to a height of 1 metre from the lower end with black japan so that they would not be attacked by termites. The trees were rolled manually closed to the pits and positioned upright in them using pulleys. The pits were filled with rubble and sand so that the trees stood erect.

Strong jute ropes were tied from the forks of the trees to the concrete shade such that the animal could move freely on them. Ropes were passed through

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This enrichment operation took about three days, during which time the chimpanzee remained inside its sleeping/retiring cells. Immediately after the work was completed, the animal was allowed into the paddock.

The chimp came out into the open and was astonished to see the new features inside its territory. It carefully inspected each of them. Then it tested the strength of the ropes. It climbed up to the trees, gradually going up to the top of the forks, where it stood on it and enjoyed the aerial view of its enclosure and the surroundings. Sometimes it stands on the ropes, walks on them and sits on the fork, enjoying its fruit.

Thus we completed one mission of enriching the chimpanzee enclosure with large trees. I caught the entire operation on the camera of my Blackberry mobile phone. A selection of photographs is provided to convey the experience visually.

âˆź

The author is the Ex-Director, Kanpur Zoological Park, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh

Photo credit: K. Praveen Rao

Photo credit: K. Praveen Rao

the Jeep tyres which were placed on the top rope.

Chimpanzee on the wooden log

Photo credit: Hilda Tresz

Chimpanzees Guru and Ganga at Mysore Zoo

INTRODUCTION OF WALI IN MYSORE ZOO – Hilda Tresz

The purpose of the visit was to introduce Wali, a 49 year old, singly housed chimpanzee who had aggression problems towards conspecifics, to at least one other chimpanzee in Mysore Zoo. I also reorganized the basic husbandry routine and started an enrichment plan for all species in both zoos. She had one week in each zoo to bring about as many changes she could. After careful consideration, it was decided that Ganga (a 52 year old female chimpanzee) would be separated from young Guru (a 21 year old male) and be introduced to Wali instead. Since both Wali and Ganga are quite elderly, they were a better match for each other, while young Guru could join the other pair at Mysore Zoo. The introduction was successful, and Wali has been living with his mate in harmony ever since.

Both zoos, especially New Delhi Zoo, have some exceptionally good enclosures encouraging text book chimpanzee species-appropriate behaviours. These exhibits are large and spacious, with plenty of trees, shade, natural soil, grass and climbing structures. Since the directors of both zoos identified a need for additional chimpanzees, I suggested that these zoos would be excellent candidates

Keeper preparing enrichment at Mysore zoo

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In both zoos the animals live in luxurious, large, green enclosures provided with plenty of plants, shade and “furniture” and in normal social groups. Improvement efforts have been focused mostly on the “off exhibit” areas and night houses, cages constructed of concrete or bars, where animals are isolated for medical or husbandry reasons an average of 14–17 hours a day. Continuing to keep animals off hard or cold, wet, unyielding surfaces (concrete, tiled and wooden floors) was suggested. The use of appropriate substrates (paper products, hay, straw, etc. indoors; nonflammable materials such as sand, soil, mulch and fresh browse outdoors) will not only make a significant difference to the animals’ health but also improve the aesthetics of the exhibits.

Special attention needs to be paid to bird and elephant care. Birds in general were kept in large, naturallooking exhibits; however, some bird enclosures lacked sufficient furniture.

The use of live trees or large, fresh branches that provide a variety of perches of different diameters was suggested in both zoos, and the utilization of sand in the night quarters of elephants was suggested.

The exhibits could also be provided wallows, scratching posts and sand piles.

Photo credit: Hilda Tresz

Hilda Tresz, I mentor of the Jane Goodall Institute, and the Manager of Behavioral Enrichment and International Animal Welfare at Phoenix Zoo visited Mysore and Delhi Zoo in March 2013.

for rescuing chimpanzees from other facilities and functioning as sanctuaries promoting animal welfare and conservation.

Photo credit: B.P. Ravi, Executive Director, Mysore Zoo

There is a need for starting an active browse programme as well as a contrafreeloading programme to teach the animals to “work for their food” and keep them busy. The staff members were eager to learn. Eleven Powerpoint presentations were made in two weeks that addressed chimpanzee and elephant behaviours and enrichment as well as the proper use of substrates and browse.

∼ The author is a Behavioral Enrichment and International Animal Welfare Coordinator, Phoenix Zoo, htresz@thephxzoo.com

Chimpanzees in the enclosure

ZOO NEWS

Photo credit: Brij Kishor Gupta

TEMMICK TRAGOPAN

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Through an exchange Programme between Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park and World Pheasant Association, the PNHZ Park, Darjeeling received 4:2 Temminck’s Tragopan. The pheasants were paired accordingly and were housed in the Satellite facility, Dow Hill and a pair in the display area of PNHZ Park. This species is also included in the Priority List of Conservation breeding by the Central Zoo Authority. Breeding behaviour of the pair (Male (646P/11) X Female (1095FO914019) in the display area at PNHZ Park was observed from 5th April 2013 for which a CCTV was placed in the enclosure for observation. During breeding it was observed that the male peers the female after which he twitches his head and gradually begins to expose his throat lappet and horns to the females. The male then spreads his tail and begins to beat his wings which make the horn vibrate. After a few seconds he utters repeated clicking call in synchrony with the wing. At the climax of the display, the male hisses, rise up and spreads his wing downward, inflating the lappet to the fullest and runs to approach the female to copulate (frontal display). The male also perches along with the female in a semi display state where the male follows the female and was seen perching together (lateral display). Both the forms of display were observed during the early hours from 5:00 - 7:00 and during late evenings. The other major behaviour observed included foraging where the substrate was regularly enriched to enhance the foraging behaviour of the species. Perching was also observed in both the sexes.

Photo credit: Himanshu Malhotra

INTRODUCTION TO A ZOO NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK, DELHI -

Amitabh Agnihotri

The National Zoological Park, Delhi, popularly known as Delhi Zoo, was initiated by Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru, the Prime Minister of India, in the 1950s.

He had a vision of a zoological-cumbotanical park for the capital in the backdrop of the historic Purana Quila.

A committee of prominent nature lovers of Delhi including Smt. Indira Gandhi was constituted to formulate a proposal for Delhi Zoo. This committee approved on 9 September 1953 the site located between Purana Quila and Humayun’s tomb. The committee also prepared an outline of the project. Shri N.D. Bachkheti, an eminent forest officer from Uttar Pradesh, was appointed Superintendent on 1 October 1955 to establish the zoo. Major Weinmen, Director of Ceylon Zoological Garden, Colombo, was invited to help draw a 9

plan for development of Delhi Zoo. He prepared a preliminary plan for the zoo. As he was not available on a regular basis, Carl Hagenbeck, from Hamburg, Germany, was entrusted with the responsibility of taking the development process forward.

The National Zoological Park was inaugurated on 1 November 1959

by Shri Punjab Rao Desmukh, the then Hon’ble Minister of Agriculture, Government of India.

Today Delhi Zoo owes its existence in the present form to Carl Hagenbeck, who designed the zoo on modern lines, with the enclosures having hidden barriers so that visitors can see the animals without any visual obstructions and providing plenty of space for the animals to move around in. The enclosures are interspersed among woodlands, lawns, gardens and water bodies. This imparts a unique look to the National Zoological Park, which in fact is the USP of the park.

The National Zoological Park has played an important role in wildlife conservation over the years. It has not only bred endangered species but has also provided support to other zoos. Some of the important animals that have been bred include the Indian Tiger, White Tiger, Brow Antlered Deer, Lion Tailed Macaque, Nilgiri Langur, Capped Langur, Four Horned Antelope, Indian Rhinoceros, African Rhinoceros, Chimpanzee, Hamadryas Baboon, Eland, Wild Ass, Asiatic Lion, Himalayan Black Beer, Crocodile, macaques, pheasants, Emu, Rosy Pelican, Painted Stork and Sarus Crane.

It is also a popular destination in the NCR, discharging its responsibility of helping people appreciate and understand nature and wildlife better.

The park is now more than fifty years old, and it is about time to review the facilities and services provided to the general public.

Vision In twenty years time the visitor experience will be far more rewarding and enriching than it is today. Quality of animal care exhibits, conservation education and sustainable management practices will take the zoo to the next level. The ‘National Zoological Park’ (NZP) will truly be the Nation’s Zoo in terms of state of the art facilities and management practices.

It will be a role model in the country for other zoos to seek guidance and inspiration. The park shall also endeavor to breed endangered species through organized breeding programs for the purpose of display, exchange and rehabilitation in wild.

Mission The National Zoological Park will continue to generate awareness and compassion in the society towards wildlife and nature preservation and garner their support for the overall national conservation efforts. The zoo will also continue to work towards species preservation while playing an effective role in reducing man animal

Brow Antlered deer at NZP 10

conflicts particularly in the urban landscape at the same time.

Objectives In order to realize the vision and mission, the park will work to achieve following objectives: 1. Animal Care: Provide excellent quality of animal care and well being.

2. Visitor Experience and Education: Provide unforgettable visitor experience. Inspire them to support and contribute to the cause of conservation of wildlife, habitat and water. Provide opportunities for passive recreation.

3. Wildlife Preservation: Wildlife preservation by conservation breeding and release of captive bred animals.

4. Sustainability: Plan, Practice and demonstrate sustainability in all spheres.

5. Research: Provide platform of research in wildlife behavior, nutrition, reproduction and preservation, visitor experience and education.

Strategies Strategies to realize the objectives listed above are as outlined as under: 1. Develop core competency in animal care, conservation education and awareness, research and sustainable management practices.

2. Strengthen and upgrade Human Resources.

3. Strengthen and upgrade Organizational structure.

4. Upgrade infrastructure and services.

5. Conserve natural resources.

6. Develop and maintain infrastructure and services that are outsourceable based on the Contract and /or PPP model.

The Master Plan In order to realize the vision and mission of the Zoo incorporating the objectives and strategies for future action the revision of Master Plan of the National Zoological Park has been undertaken to guide the developmental process of the National Zoological Park for the

Photo credit: Himanshu Malhotra

next 20 years The Master Layout Plan has been approved by the Central Zoo Authority in the meeting of the Expert Group on Designing held on the 17th of October 2011.

Rosy Pelicans in the Open Lake at NZP

exotic themes such as Africana and Exotica as well. New facilities such as Aquarium, Insectarium, Butterfly Park and Rain Forest have also been proposed. A new Visitor Centre has been proposed which will provide a brand image to the National Zoological Park as an important landmark in the area. The visitor centre includes education centre consisting of gallery, activity hall, amphitheatre and auditorium, food court, souvenir shop, ATM, public conveniences, parking, fore court

to main entry, lawns, ticketing office, security control room and cloak room.

The Master Plan envisages a thorough upgradation of infrastructural facilities such as road network, water supply, surface drainage, power supply as well as visitor amenities such as toilets, dairy parlours, kiosks, restaurants, shelters etc. New residential buildings have been proposed for better and effective management of space available. The new Master Plan aims that in the next 20 years the quality of animal care,

Photo credit: Himanshu Malhotra

Some of the salient features of the Master Plan include a new set up to accommodate more than 200 species and 2000 inmates, 39 numbers of existing enclosures are proposed to be upgraded, 30 new enclosures are proposed. The park shall have clear segregation of visitor and service pathways incorporating simplicity in way finding at the same time. About 65% area will be brought under woodland water bodies and maintained green areas. The display themes have been re-arranged imparting a national character to the park which include themes such as Central Indian Highlands, Peninsular India, Himalayan foothills etc. while incorporating some

Photo credit: Himanshu Malhotra

The process of preparation of Master Plan has been a long and tedious one.

A complete and thorough appraisal of the existing infrastructure and facilities has been carried out and recommendations were made on the basis of the outcome of the appraisal.

The proposals in the Master Plan have been thoroughly scrutinized by the Central Zoo Authority which include three meetings and a field visit by the experts of the Designing Committee of the Central Zoo Authority.

Lion tailed Macaques at NZP

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exhibits, conservation education and sustainable management practices will take the zoo to the next level. The visitor experience at National Zoological Park, New Delhi will be far more rewarding and enriching than what it is today. The National Zoological Park will truly be the nation’s zoo in terms of the Stateof-the-Art facilities, infrastructure and management practices.

∼

The Author is the Director of National Zoological Park, Delhi

CZA NEWS Conservation Breeding and Species Recovery Plan at LaCONES, Hyderabad The Central Zoo Authority has launched conservation breeding programme for prioritized threatened species under ex-situ conservation initiative. Considering that the populations of several species have drastically declined and are facing a threat of eminent extinction, there is an urgent need for their conservation. In this connection, the Central Zoo Authority in collaboration

Proposed Visitor Centre, National Zoological Park, Delhi

with the Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun and the Laboratory for Conservation of Endangered Species (Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology), Hyderabad organized a five day workshop from 8th–12th July 2013 at CCMB, Hyderabad for the development of Conservation Breeding and Species Recovery Plans for prioritized species. The species identified are from the southern states of Andhra Pradesh (Grey Jungle Fowl and, Mouse Deer), Tamil Nadu (Lion Tailed Macaque, Nilgiri Langur), Karnataka (King Cobra), Kerala (LTM), and; and the Central Indian states of Maharashtra (Great Indian Bustard), Gujarat (Asiatic Lion and Wild Ass), Madhya

Participants at the LaCONES Workshop at Hyderabad

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Pradesh (Vulture) (Lesser florican).

and

Rajasthan

The participants of the workshop included Chief Wildlife Wardens of the states; the Directors of Zoos identified as coordinating zoos for the identified species and scientists with expertise on the ecology and natural history of the species, population management and molecular biology and conservation genetics.

The workshop was successfully organized with the draft “species recovery and conservation breeding plans” of these species in Indian Zoological Parks.

Photo credit: Swapna P.

Ms. Beena Kak, Minister of Environment and Forest, Rajasthan inaugurating the workshop

Zoo Biologist workshop in Jaipur The Central Zoo Authority in collaboration with Jaipur Zoo, Jaipur organized a workshop for Zoo Biologist working in various Indian Zoos with a theme “Zoo as a tool for scientific management of animals with special focus on research and publication” during 25th-28th June, 2013 at Jaipur. The workshop significantly contributes to address issues related to research work carried in Indian zoos and publication and role of zoo biologist.

The objective of the workshop was to impart training and exposure to biologists for writing and publishing their research work and to disseminate knowledge regarding captive management of wildlife with emphasis on ex-situ conservation.

Hon’ble Minister Bina Kak, Minister for Environment and Forests, Govt. of Rajasthan, inaugurated the workshop followed by a speech on “Importance of Zoos and Rescue centre for welfare on Wild Animals”.

National and International resource person with expertise on various background delivered lectures and share their experiences with the biologists. Altogether 23 biologists across country participated in the workshop.

Dr. Abeda Dawood, Manager Collection and Conservation, National Zoological Gardens, South Africa and Ms. Lianne Concannon, Durell Wildlife Conservation Trust, U.K. were the international resource persons for the workshop.

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CONSERVATION BREEDING PROGRAMME OF MOUSE DEER

Mouse Deer with fawn

- Swapna P. The Mouse Deer, or Chevrotain, play a major role in the forest ecosystem as a seed disperser and prey of many small and large carnivores. The Indian Chevrotain is one of the animals most frequently hunted by local indigenous and settled communities in the Western and Eastern Ghats. Although it is commonly found in most of forested areas, due to poaching and habitat loss, its populations are declining.

Thus it has been listed in Schedule I of the Indian Wildlife Protection Act (1972) as an endangered species.

Very little information is available on the breeding biology and ecology of this species, either in captivity or in the wild.

there are only four species surviving, which are restricted to the forests of Africa and South-East Asia.

As part of the conservation breeding program of endangered animals in India initiated by the Central Zoo Authority of India, the Nehru Zoological Park, Hyderabad started an intensive captive breeding program for the Mouse Deer in March 2010, with the objectives of its number in captivity and understanding the breeding biology of this species in captivity.

Mouse Deer are the smallest of all deer.

This was earlier known as the Indian Chevrotain. It is a tiny, shy, burrowing and nocturnal animal. The brown coat of the Mouse Deer is speckled with white stripe-like markings. The throat has three white stripes, and the lower parts are white. The body is stocky, with rounded hind quarters. The legs are slender, and the feet are four toed, but the outer toes are small. No antlers are borne by either sex, but the upper canines of males are longer and pointed than those of females. Mouse Deer have 34 teeth, but they do not have front teeth in the upper jaw.

Mouse Deer are indigenous to tropical lowland regions and can withstand heat and humidity. During the Oligocene and Miocene, chevrotains had a worldwide distribution, but today

Indian Mouse Deer (Moschiola indica) Of the three Asian species, the Indian Mouse Deer occurs in southern India (Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Orissa and Tamilnadu) and some parts of northern India such as Mandla, Hoshangabad, Palamau and Udaipur, with its relatives being found in South-East Asia, West Africa and Sri Lanka at elevations up to 6000 feet (1850 m). Moschiola indica was recently segregated as a species from Moschiola meminna, the name reserved for animals from parts of Sri Lanka.

Though they resemble deer, Mouse Deer have some features of pigs, including a form of sexual behaviour, the presence of four toes and large hooves and the absence of facial scent glands. They have three-chambered stomachs, unlike deer, which have four-chambered stomachs. Thus, they are classified into a separate family, the Tragulidae. They are unchanged in 25–30 million years of evolution, and hence they are called “living fossils”.

These animals grow to a length of about 20 inches and a height of 10–13 inches at the shoulder, and they weigh about 2.5–4 kg (6–8 pounds). Generally males are smaller than females and have long canines. Fawns weigh about 300–600 g.

MOUSE DEER CONSERVATION BREEDING AT NEHRU ZOOLOGICAL PARK, HYDERABAD The conservation breeding centre was started on 3 March 2010 with 2:4 Mouse Deer. The Nehru Zoological Park had two male and four female Mouse Deer as founder stock. Later we procured one male and two female Mouse Deer from Tirupati, one male from Visakhapatnam and one female from Mysore Zoo. They are kept in an enclosure having four chambers measuring 15 m × 8 m each, with a total area of 480 sq m. Each chamber is planted with Bamboo, Acalypha and palms. These chambers have been subdivided to avoid overcrowding and infighting between males. Now seven breeding groups are present in the zoo. At present the total number of Mouse Deer is 52 (18:22:12, male:female:fawn).

Feeding schedule The average daily food for an adult mouse deer consists of: Items of Food

Weight in grams

Apple

50

Banana

100

Carrot

50

Sweet Potato

50

Lucrene

100

Hay

500

Acalypha/Peepal

500 Adlibs

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For the purpose of this study, data have been collected from our own observations from 2010 to 2013.

Breeding season, sexual maturity, mating behaviour and Gestation Period etc. of mouse deer have been recorded by us with the assistance from some zoo-staff.

Findings of The Study Over The Past Three Years 1. Breeding Season: Mouse deer have no particular breeding season in captivity. In Nehru Zoological Park, the periodicity has been noted for oestrus and birth in every month.

Breeding season of Mouse deer, in Nehru Zoological Park, Hyderabad Month

Number of Matings recorded

No. of Births Recorded

Jan

5

4

Feb

6

4

March

6

3

April

7

4

May

6

5

June

9

7

July

6

6

Aug

3

2

Sept

4

3

Oct

6

4

Nov

2

2

Dec

6

4

Total

63

47

2. Sexual Maturity : Mouse Deer attain sexual maturity at nearly 5–7 months.

3.

Mating Behavior: “Special characteristic of female mouse deer is that she comes into heat soon after delivery and mating can takes place within two days”. It was observed that the male follows and licks the female when she comes into oestrus. The male Mouse Deer thereafter follows the female closely and attempts to mount frequently. Initially the female moves away and sometimes licks the male’s face before allowing the male to mount. In the course of chasing and following of the female by the male Mouse Deer, a series (nearly 3–5) of mountings take place. Coitus lasts

for nearly 20 minutes. Although many mountings occur during the period of oestrus, pregnancy does not occur with each oestrus.

4. Gestation Period :The gestation period of the Mouse Deer is on average 158 days, and the range of the gestation period is 150–170 days (recorded from 47 births).

5. Pregnancy : The female mouse deer does not show any sign or symptom in the initial stages of pregnancy. Even at up to 3–4 months of pregnancy, she does not show any appreciable change, except for a slightly distended abdomen. In the advanced stages of pregnancy, the abdomen is found to be more distended, and there is pronounced enlargement of the udder and vulva.

6. Births : Usually single young Mouse Deer are born. We noted the birth of two young ones to a Mouse Deer named Razia, but one was stillborn, and the other had abnormal hind limbs.

This fawn was unable to take mother’s milk, and hence we hand reared it with Lactogen. This fawn died after 2 days.

7. Discussion and Conclusions: Mouse Deer mate throughout the year, and fawns are produced during all seasons in captivity with mating taking place immediately after delivery.

• They mature sexually at the age of 5–7 months. In Nehru Zoological Park, the female Mouse Deer mature at the age of 5 months.

• The range of the gestation period of the Mouse Deer as recorded from 47 births is 150– 170 days, with an average of 158 days.

• The female Mouse Deer does not become pregnant after mating in each oestrus period in captivity.

∼ The Author is a Biologist Nehru Zoological Park, Hyderabad

CZA NEWS FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO NORTH EAST ZOOS FOR DEVELOPMENT WORK The CZA in its 66th Technical Committee held on 11th June 2013 granted financial assistance for development work to the following Zoos of the North east 1. Biological Park, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh for revamping of Great Hornbill enclosure.

2. Assam State Zoo, Guwahati, Assam for construction of enclosures for Hyena, Jackal and Pheasants.

3. Manipur Zoological Garden, Imphal for construction of Leopard enclosure.

4. Aizawl Zoological Park, Aizawl, Mizoram for renovation of Hoolock gibbon breeding centre, construction of boundary wall fencing near Bilkhai stream 252-375m and Habitat enrichment of Himalayan black bear enclosure.

5. Nagaland Zoological Park, Rangapahar, Nagaland for construction of enclosures for Tiger, Jungle cat, Barking deer and Capped langur.

6. Himalayan Zoological Park, Gangtok, Sikkim for Zoo interpretation signages, construction of footpath to new and old enclosures and disaster mitigation.

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FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO ZOOS The CZA in its 66th Technical Committee held on 11th June 2013 granted financial assistance for development work to the following Zoos 1. Nandankanan Zoological Park, Bhubaneswar, Odisha for strengthening and up-gradation of laboratory facilities at the zoo hospital, enrichment of enclosures of Herbivores, primates and birds, and for new signages.

2. Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park, Darjeeling, West Bengal for construction of boundary fencing of Conservation Breeding Centre at Dowhill Satellite Facility, Dowhill.

FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO CONSERVATION BREEDING The technical committee in its 66th meeting held on 11th June 2013 approved funds for Conservation Breeding Centres for the identified species in the following Zoos.

1. Financial assistance to Biological Park, Itanagar for upkeep and maintenance of Hoolock gibbon Conservation Breeding Centre.

2. Financial assistance to the Conservation Breeding Centre for Mouse Deer at Nehru Zoological Park, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh for the upkeep of animals and general maintenance of the breeding centre.

3. Financial assistance to the Conservation Breeding Centre for Vultures at Nehru Zoological Park, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh for upkeep of animals and general maintenance of the breeding centre.

WEB BASED SOFTWARE FOR ZOOS The CZA in its 66th Technical Committee approved a Grant for a Web based software for Recognition Module System for Zoos by NIC. Every zoo in the country will have access to this web based software by which they will get a pre warning for submission of application for renewal with required fee and to get the evaluation done.

Depositing of application and fee will be done on line and the concerned zoos will be communicated on line about the status of the extension and recognition.

BANNING ESTABLISHMENT OF DOLPHINARIUM IN INDIA The Chairperson, Central Zoo Authority decided to ban the establishment of Dolphinarium in India and accordingly a advisory circular was issued vide letter No. 20-1/2010-CZA(M)/2840 dated 17.05.2013. Members of the Technical Committee of the Central Zoo Authority endorsed and advised that the said ban should also be extended to all Marine mammals.

SHIFTING OF KOTA ZOO The members in the 66th Technical Committee of the CZA observed that the Central Zoo Authority should apprise the Chief Wildlife Warden of the observation of the evaluation of the Kota Zoo, Kota and direct the Chief Wildlife Warden, Government of Rajasthan to stop the visitors visiting the existing zoo at Kota. It was also decided that if the Rajasthan Government is willing to shift the existing zoo to the new proposed site, the garbage dumping at the new site should be stopped immediately and a compliance report should be submitted to CZA.

FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR RESCUE CENTRES Financial assistance was approved for the following Rescue Centres

by CZA in its 66th Technical Committee meeting held on 11th June 2013 1. Rescue Centre at Van Vihar National Park-Zoo, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh for feed and supplements, veterinary care to animals, staff (3 keeper), maintenance of Rescue Centre.

2. Rescue Centre at Sri Venkateswara Zoological Garden, Tirupati (39 lions) for feed and supplements, veterinary care to animals (only on medicines), Veterinary Officer & assistant keepers and maintenance of Rescue Centre.

3. Rescue Centre at Arignar Anna Zoological Park, Vandalur, Chennai (19 Lions & 5 Tigers) for housing, feed and supplements, veterinary care to animals and maintenance of Rescue Centre.

4. Nahargarh Rescue Centre, Jaipur (9 Tigers, 1 Tygon & 14 Lions) for feed and supplements, veterinary care to animals and maintenance of Rescue Centre.

5. Rescue Centre at Indira Gandhi Zoological Park, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh (12 Tigers and 22 Lions) for feed and supplements, veterinary care of animals, Staff and maintenance of Rescue Centre 6. Rescue Centre at Bannerghatta Biological Park, Bangalore, Karnataka Lions 44 and 2 Tigers) for feed and supplements, veterinary care of animals, Staff and maintenance of Rescue Centre.

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RESEARCH & TRAINING PROGRAMMES The CZA in its 66th technical Committee approved funds for the following research and training programmes.

1. The proposal submitted by the Durrell Conservation Academy, Jersey to organize a five day course on Amphibian Husbandry. The participants to the course would include biologists, engineers, landscape architects, zoo directors, veterinarians, zoo supervisors and education staff at assam state Zoo Guwahati.

2. The proposal for organising PHVA Workshop on Red Panda at Darjeeling, West Bengal.

The Chairman, Technical Committee suggested that the said PHVA may be rescheduled somewhere on 25th – 30th November, 2013 instead of 20th – 25th November, 2013, as there will be International Elephant Congress Meeting being organized at New Delhi during the same period.

3. The proposal of Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park, Darjeeling for “Red panda Nutrition: Towards an integrated approach” was deliberated and approved.

The Members desired that the Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly and the Himalayan Zoological Park, Bulbuley, Gangtok and the Biological Park, Itanagar should also be involved in the project.

4. The Committee revalidated the unspent amount under the project “Standardization of animal diets in Indian zoos” to be carried out by IVRI, Bareilly.

APPROVAL OF MASTER PLANS The Technical Committee in its meeting held on 11 June 2013 approved the following Master Plan/ Master (layout) Plan of the Zoos as reccomended by Expert group on Zoo Desgning of CZA. Master (layout) Plan 1. Malsi Deer Park, Dehradun, Uttarakhand.

2. Pt. G. B. Pant High Altitude Zoo, Nainital, Uttarakhand.

3. Himalayan Zoological Gangtok, Sikkim.

Park,

4. Manipur Zoological Garden, Manipur.

5. Aizawl Zoological Park, Aizawl, Mizoram.

6. Kunjanagar Rescue Centre, Kunjanagar, West Bengal.

7. Aurangabad Municipal Zoo, Aurangabad, Maharashtra.

8. Kumari Kangsabati Deer Park, Bankura, West Bengal.

9. Garchumuk Deer Park, Distt.

Howrah, West Bengal.

10. Rohtak Zoo, Rohtak, Haryana.

11. Pipli Zoo, Pipli, Haryana.

12. Surulia Mini Zoo, Purulia, West Bengal.

13. Jhargram Mini Zoo, Jhargram, West Bengal.

Master Plan 1. Arignar Anna Zoological Park, Vandalur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu.

The committee approved the revised Master (layout) Plan of the Kanpur Zoological Park, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh.

RENEWAL OF RECOGNITION TO ZOOS The 66th Technical Committee of CZA held on 11 june 2013 based on the evaluation report extended the grant of renewal of recognition of the following Zoos: 1. Renuka Mini Zoo, Sirmour, Himachal Pradeshfor a period of one year.

2. Pillalamarri Deer Park, Mahabubnagar, Andhra Pradesh for a period of two years.

3. Deer Park, NFCL, Green Belt, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh for a period of two years.

4. Kandaleru Deer Park, Kandaleru, Andhra Pradesh for a period of two years.

5. Children Park-cum-Mini Zoo, Gulbarga, Karnataka for a period of two years.

13. Based on the evaluation report extended the recognition of the ‘Animal holding facility’ of the following Circuses for a period of one year with conditions to compliance of stipulated conditions as per the guidelines as prescribed during the 64th Meeting of the Technical Committee held on 5th February 2013. a. Apollo Circus b. Rajmahal Circus c. Great Gemini Circus d. Natraj Circus e. Ajanta Circus

A Circus operator has to get his facility inspected and evaluated through the forest official nearest to the camping site and submit the report to CZA. This recognition does not necessarily permit for performance of animals which they have to obtain from Animal Welfare Board of India (AWBI) .

EXCHANGE OF ANIMALS BETWEEN ZOOS

6. Deer Park at Namadachilume, Deveraynadurga RF, Tumkur, Karnataka for a period of two years.

The following exchange of animals between Indian Zoos was ratified in the 66th technical committee of CZA

7. Nagaland Zoological Park, Nagaland for a period of two years.

1. Transfer of 4 Nos. of dancing bears (Sloth bear) from Jharkhand Forest Department to Agra Bear Rescue Facility, Keetham, Agra for rehabilitation.

8. Taptapani Deer Park, Berhampur, Odisha for a period of two years.

9. HAL Deer Park, Koraput, Odisha for a period of two years.

10. Amte’s Animal Ark Rescue Centre, Hemalkasa, District Gadchiroli, Maharashtra for a period of two years.

11. Madras Crocodile Bank Trust, Mamallapuram, Tamil Nadu for a period of three years.

12. Arignar Anna Zoological Park, Vandalur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu for a period of three years.

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2. Shifting of single male One horned rhinoceros from the V. J. B. Udyan-Zoo, Byculla to National Zoological Park, Delhi.

3. Transfer of 2 nos. of Sloth bears from Kalandar in Katihar District of Bihar to Agra Bear Rescue Facility, Keethan, Agra for rehabilitation.

The following exchange of animals between Indian Zoos was approved.

1. Dr. Shivaram Karanth Pilikula Biological Park, Mangalore will give 2 Bengal tigers, 4 Black bucks and 2 barking deer to Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee

Zoological Garden, Surat in exchange for 2 Hanuman Langur, 4 Rhesus Macaque, 5 Spoon Bill and 1 Brown Fish owl.

2. Bhagwan Birsa Biological Park, Ranchi will give 2 Sloth bear, 2 Himalayan black bear and 4 Mute swan to Nandankanan Zoological Park, Bhubaneswar in exchange for 2 Hippopotamus, 2 Night heron, 2 Grey heron, 4 White ibis and 4 Water monitor lizard.

3. Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park, Darjeeling will give 3 Red jungle fowl and 3 Kaleej pheasant to Zoological Garden, Alipore in exchange of 2 Grey peacock pheasant.

4. National Zoological Park, Delhi will give 4 Red jungle fowl, 2 Jackal, 5 EMU to Gandhi Zoological Park, Gwalior in exchange of 4 Crocodile and 3 Barking deer.

5. Jaipur Zoo, Jaipur will give 2 Indian wolf to Udaipur Zoo, Udaipur for pairing of Animals.

6. Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park, Darjeeling will give 2 Common Langur to Rajkot Zoological Park, Rajkot .

7. Two rescued Bonnet macaque were to be transferred from Sri Krishna Gauseval Mandal, Dhoraji to Rajkot Zoological Park, Rajkot in exchange of 4 horned antelopes.

The following exchange of animals between Indian Zoos & Foreign Zoos was reccomended for approval by the chairperson of CZA 1. Zoological Centre Tel Aviv-Ramat Gan (Safari), Israel will give 4 Zebras to Sri Chamarajendra Zoological Gardens, Mysore.

2. National Wildlife Research Centre, Saudi Arabia will give 2 African Lions and 2 African Cheetahs to Nehru Zoological Park, Hyderabad.

Central Zoo Authority dsUnzh; fpfM+;k?kj izkf/kdj.k

(Statutory Body under the Ministry of Environment and Forests) Bikaner House, Annexe VI, Shahjahan Road, New Delhi-110011, India Phone: 011-23381585, 23073072, 23070375, Fax: 91-11-23386012 email: cza@nic.in, website: www.cza.nic.in

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Designed, and Printed by SKM Wildlife Conservation Foundation for Central Zoo Authority C-50 Defence Colony, New Delhi-110024, Tel: 2433000, 9811184099, email: skmwildlife@gmail.com Working team: Punkaj Malhotra, Abdul Gaffar