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Proceedings of the 68th Annual Conference Lake Buena Vista, Orlando 13â&#x20AC;&#x201C;17 October 2013

One World, One Plan, One Hope

Imprint Editor: Gerald Dick, WAZA Executive Office IUCN Conservation Centre Rue Mauverney 28 CH-1196 Gland Switzerland phone: +41 22 999 07 90 (WAZA Executive Office) Layout &Typesetting: michal@sky.cz Cover photo: The tree of Life at Disney’s Animal Kingdom © Gerald Dick, WAZA Edition: © WAZA 2014

In order to make wise use of natural resources, it has been decided to offer the proceedings of WAZA Conferences online only. This saves paper resources and expensive postage costs, thus CO2 emissions. WAZA thanks for your understanding. www.waza.org (members’ area).

ISSN: 2073-6576

Proceedings of the 68th Annual Conference

Hosted by Disney’s Animal Kingdom 13–17 October 2013

One World, One Plan, One Hope

Editorial Gerald Dick, WAZA Executive Director

Dear WAZA Members and Friends! I would like to thank our hosts of the conference at Disney who made our annual conference 2013 one of the best WAZA conference in WAZA history. The outstanding hospitality created a perfect working environment as well as an atmosphere of productive getting together and networking. The conference theme of “One World, One Plan, One Hope” was mainly reflecting the increasingly recognized fact that sectorial thinking and acting belongs to the past and a modern all‑encompassing approach for conservation is needed. This wake‑up call was clearly heard and first class keynotes1 and papers underlined this order of the day. The programme reflected this fact by the presence also of non‑zoo people and many relationships for future cooperation were set up. Based on the fact that there is only one planet for all of us, and based on the one plan idea put forward by CBSG and collaborators at the conference you got the feeling of hope – the driving force for us working in conservation!

Legend Conference Documents DOC

Documents submitted prior to the Conference, like Committee reports, Association reports.

INF

Documents presented at the conference without previous documentation, made available after the Conference

MEM Presentations of new members ADM

Administrative sessions

COM

Committee meetings at the Conference

Workshop results

Example Number of Annual Conference

DOC 65.20 Type of document Number of document page

RES Resolution

1 Unfortunately the excellent keynote of Muttulingam Sanjayan (TNC) was not received in writing.

Proceedings of the 68th Annual Conference October 2013 Orlando

The contents of reports are within the responsibility of the authors.

Table of Contents

One Species Conservation.................................5 Why are Zoos doing In situ Conservation? Adapting To A New Reality................................5

One Plan – Linking an Aquarium with Marine Conservation, Through Research and Education.................................................52 A Perfect Combination of Zoo and Museum – The DARWINEUM.............56 Decade on Biodiversity Project........................58 Increasing Collection Sustainability Requires Diverse One Plan Approaches...........60

WAZA Congress Papers Abstracts.......... 8

1st Plenary...........................................64

Welcome Address by the Host...........................1 Welcome Address by the WAZA President........1 Welcome to the Region.....................................3

Keynote Addresses............................... 4

Poster presentations....................................... 17

WAZA Congress Contributions..............20

Increasing Conservation Efforts through Disney’s Service Standards.............................. 21 ALPZA Contribution to Conservation in Latin America.............................................. 23 We Help Them to Survive: En Route to the Wandering Bus.......................25 Efforts to Bring Back from the Brink – Vulture Conservation Breeding Programme in India, Central Zoo Authority.........................29 Sustainable Zoo.............................................. 33 The Arabian Connection – The Arabian Zoo and Aquarium Association............................... 34 A Sustainable Journey – Wellington Zoo carboNZero Certification Story....................... 37 One world, One Hope – Do We Have, Or Need, A Plan?.............................................43 Vision, Courage and Innovation for a Carbon Neutral Future.............................45 JAZA – Conservation Activities and Legal Systems Integrated with Japanese Government.....................................47 Wild Welfare – World, Hope, Plan and Action..........................50

Annual Report by the WAZA President............65 WAZA Executive Office Report........................70 International Relationships Report.................. 77 CBSG Update..................................................80 ISIS Update.....................................................82 Amphibian Ark and Amphibian Survival Alliance..............................................82 Amphibian Ark 2013 and beyond…..................83

New members’ presentations.............. 85

Kristiansand Dyrepark, Norway.......................86 Tulsa Zoo, USA................................................86 African Safari Wildlife Park, USA......................86 Virginia Aquarium & Marine Science Center Foundation (VAMSC), USA...................87 PGAV‑Destinations (Peckham Guyton Albers & Viets, Inc.), USA.................................87 Clax Italia – Aquarium division, Italy.................................. 88 Cango Wildlife Ranch (Pty) Ltd, South Africa....................................................89 Parc des Oiseaux, France.................................89

2nd Plenary.......................................... 90

Conservation & Sustainability Committee Report.......................................... 91 Committee for Population Management Report.......................................92 International Zoo Educators Association (IZEA) Report...............................93 Animal Ethics and Welfare Committee Report......................................... 96 Aquarium Committee Report......................... 96 WAZA Associations Committee Report...........97

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Regional Reports................................ 99

Eurasian Regional Association of Zoos and Aquariums (EARAZA).............................100 British & Irish Association of Zoos & Aquariums (BIAZA).................................... 102 Danish Association of Zoos and Aquaria (DAZA)...................................... 104 Italian Association of Zoos and Aquaria (UIZA)........................................ 104 Verband Deutscher Zoodirektoren (VDZ)....... 105 Swedish Association Of Zoological Parks and Aquaria (SAZA)....................................... 107 The African Association of Zoos and Aquaria (PAAZAB)..................................108 South Asian Zoo Association for Regional Cooperation (SAZARC)...................109 Japanese Association of Zoos and Aquariums (JAZA)...................................111

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Latin American Zoo and Aquarium Association (ALPZA)..................................... 112 Colombian Association of Zoos, Aquariums and Related (ACOPAZOA)........... 114 Mesoamerican Association of Zoos and Aquaria (AMACZOOA / CBSG Mesoamerica)............................................... 116 Mexican Zoo and Aquarium Association (AZCARM).................................. 117 Deutsche Tierpark‑Gesellschaft e. V. (DTG).... 118

1st Administrative Session...................119

Bylaws Revision of the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA).................... 124 Explanatory notes to Bylaws Revision 2013................................. 132 Membership Committee Report as of 31 August 2013...................................... 133 Finance Committee Report........................... 136

Workshop Reports.............................156

Workshop I – Animal welfare is our core business: how are we ensuring positive welfare in our zoos?...................................... 157 Workshop II – Relationships and collaborations in professionally managing species.......................................................... 157 Workshop III – Conservation partnerships......158 Workshop IV – The WAZA Conservation Strategy “Vision 2020”.................................. 159 Workshop V – Aquariums around the world: status and challenges....................................160

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List of Participants............................. 161

2nd Administrative Session.................. 143

Resolution RES 68.1 – Animal Records Management: Endorsement of ZIMS...................................146 Resolution RES 68.2.rev – WAZA in Support of Sustainable Palm Oil Production......................................148 WAZA Budget 2014....................................... 150 The Heini Hediger Award 2013: Miranda Stevenson....................................... 151 President’s Note............................................ 152

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Welcome Address by the Host Jackie Ogden, Vice President, Disney’s Animal Kingdom

We’re so delighted that you all are here, and that we have the opportunity to host you at Walt Disney World, in partnership with our friends at Sea World. First, I hope you had a good time yesterday at Disney’s Animal Kingdom. I hope you experienced the “theme park‑y” part of Animal Kingdom, from Expedition Everest to Finding Nemo the Musical. But I hope you also enjoyed the “animal” parts of our park, from the Kilimanjaro Safari to Pangani Exploration Trail to our backstage areas. At Disney, we often reach a group of people that visits us because we are one of the Disney theme parks, not necessarily because of our conservation and animal work. So we take very seriously our role of inspiring them to care for and about animals, and to sharing the work that we do in conservation, science, animal care, and education. And I hope you heard a bit about that yesterday.

We are so pleased that the theme of the WAZA meeting is “One World, One Plan, One Hope.” Obviously this draws on the One Plan approach that CBSG has been promoting for quite some time. Every organization represented here is focused on saving species, and I know that this group believes deeply in the notion of integrated species conservation plans – representing populations from intensively managed to lightly managed. And believes that this integrated planning is critical to the overall conservation of species, as well as to ensuring that our zoos and aquariums are effective, credible and valued partners within the conservation world. I believe you will see that theme woven into the conference, particularly the technical congress. I hope you have a great week. Before I move into the rest of our program, I do have a few housekeeping notes: • Safety – Find exits • Restrooms • Powered tables are located in the front of the room • Thanks go to the whole Disney cast, folks please stand up! Want to be sure you are well taken care of – anybody with a Disney nametag will help you, also Hotel staff and concierge for Disney questions and broader travel questions, conference info desk for anything specific to the conference or any additional help you need. Being the happiest place on earth – this is one of those places where we believe that work can be both fun and productive – and I hope you have an excellent meeting – that is both fun and highly productive!

Welcome Address by the WAZA President Jörg Junhold, Zoo Leipzig

Dear Jackie, honorable State Secretary Mr. Vinyard, honorable Executive Director of the American Zoo Association, Mrs. Kris Vehrs; distinguished guests, colleagues and friends; ladies and gentlemen, dear WAZA members, it is an enormous pleasure for me to welcome you here in Orlando to this 68th Conference and Annual Meeting of WAZA. My special heartfelt greetings go to our distinguished host Disney‘s Animal Kingdom, represented by the Vice President Animals, Science and Environment Mrs. Jackie Ogden and by our esteemed colleague and Immediate Past President of WAZA Mr. Mark Penning. First of all let me say that I know very well about the work load to organize such an international conference and I like to express my particular thanks on behalf of all participants to the organizing team for their tremendous work and efforts that we already have experienced! Thank you! I think I can for sure say that we have experienced an ambitious and laborious year for WAZA because we were able to start some major new projects. All of these projects touch the basic philosophy of our work as the world zoo association and will help to develop it further. Our goal is to raise our profile as the „voice of a worldwide community of zoos and

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aquariums and a catalyst for their joint conservation action”, as it is expressed in our mission, and to provide the necessary and beneficial tools and strategies for our members so that they are able to develop their full potential for conservation! I think that it is very important for us, the Council and the Executive Office as well as every single member, to always be reflective about how we as a zoo community should develop and how WAZA in this respect can be a catalyst for positive input of new thoughts and initiatives. We should never take anything for granted and never stop thinking about possible improvements of what we do! I am therefore proud that we have made huge progress on the WAZA Decade on Biodiversity Project and we could secure the funding for it. We will strive to develop a range of innovative tools which will support each member in its communication about the conservation of biodiversity. Secondly I am personally very happy that we have initiated the process to develop the Global Animal Welfare Strategy of WAZA which will in detail describe our philosophy of wild animal welfare and the methods how we put it into practice. Finally, we have conducted the first workshop to revise and update the World Zoo and Aquarium Conservation Strategy twenty years after ist first publication and ten years after the last revision. I do not need to explain that the Conservation Strategy is something like the heart of our community and describes everything that we believe is necessary to be what we call a “zoo oft he 21st century”.

But, you will hear more about these three major projects in our plenary and administrative sessions later this week. And I encourage you to attend also these important part of our conference. Dear colleagues, the title of our conference is promising: “One World, One Plan, One Hope!”. Some of you may think this is a bit too exaggerated, a title too big for our comparatively small zoo community. Well, zoos are not the centre of the universe, this is for sure. But there are a few facts that no other community can present. One is that we have ten percent of the world population as visitors in our zoos every year. A second one is that there is no other community or organization capable to keep and breed populations of hundreds of threatened wild species species in human care. And a third one is that zoos every year invest over 350 million US $ for field conservation. We are only small if seen as single zoos, but seen as a community that is cooperating and organized in its actions we are quite impressive. As mentioned above we should not underestimate what we represent and what we can achieve if we only go for it! In this respect I am very happy that the IUCN Conservation Breeding Specialist Group has launched the One Plan Approach last year. This philosophy aims to pool the forces of zoo and field expertise, zoo and field funding and zoo and field projects. For some of the threatened species this combined approach of managing the small left over populations in zoos and in protected areas as one meta‑population may be the last chance for their survival. Some species like the Przewalski’s horse or the California condor owe their survival to the zoo network – and WAZA zoos are working every day dedicated

and resolute to let this happen again to other species in danger of extinction. If we as the zoo community or as a single zoo seek the cooperation with the experts of field projects and overcome some obstacles or differences in our different philosophies we can raise the chance of many species to survive the coming decades. Our conference with its discussions, presentations and workshops offers the opportunity to look for even more common ground between zoo and field conservation projects although zoos are already – as I have mentioned before – are supporting conservation projects with hundreds of millions of dollars every year. Please use the chance to engage in the discussions and please don’t hesitate to ask critical questions. This is crucial for our meeting and will only help to push the development of our work. For me personally, this is my second and therefore already my last conference as your President. Consequently, I will do everything that this conference will be a successful one. I am sure that we will have a busy week and that we will share many exciting moments. I declare this 68th Conference and Annual Meeting of WAZA open.

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Welcome to the Region Kris Vehrs, AZA Executive Director

Good Morning; Buenos Dias; Bonjour; Guten Morgen; Jambo

AZA and its members value the opportunity to be a part of WAZA and to build a strong international community of zoos and aquariums. There is much work that needs to be done in the area of global species management and AZA and its members are fully committed to the issue of sustainability. On behalf of the AZA and its members I welcome robust, lively discussions on issues of importance as well as the opportunities to break bread together this week.

Proceedings of the 68th Annual Conference October 2013 Orlando

Have a productive conference! It is my pleasure to welcome you to the AZA Region. AZA represents 223 accredited zoos and aquariums; 215 in the US, 4 in Canada, 2 in Mexico, and then 1 in each of Argentina, Bahamas, Bermuda and Hong Kong. AZA aquariums and zoos see 182 million visitors annually, contribute $21 billion to the US economy and create 204,000 jobs. Of AZA’s 223 members approximately 60 are members of WAZA. I know that in the audience today are some AZA members who are not WAZA members and I hope that they will seriously consider joining WAZA.

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Keynote Addresses

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One Species Conservation Kent H. Redford, Archipelago Consulting

The much‑heralded Anthropocene has arrived bringing with it recognition of the fact that humans are now a major ecological and evolutionary force at the global scale. With this force comes responsibility – our decisions will play significant roles in shaping the natural world of the future. And these decisions are shaped by our values. The field of conservation has from its origins regarded itself as a crisis discipline with an obligation to tell people of the harm they are doing to the natural world, particularly focusing on the negative impacts on species – the Red List of IUCN was crafted as a vehicle specifically for this purpose. Yet these negative messages are not proving effective in mobilizing people to reverse the downward trends in species conservation. Providing a positive definition of successful species conservation will help to change the tenor of the discussion. Based on previous work I provide a framework with six dimensions for successfully conserving a species: demographically and ecologically self‑sustaining; genetically robust; healthy populations; representative populations; replicate populations; and resilience across a range. Yet not all species

can be restored to self‑regulating populations. The conservation condition of a species can be divided into five categories on the basis of the type and extent of ways that species are reliant on human interventions, both directed and nondirected, to ensure their ongoing survival. These five conditions are: captive managed; intensively managed, lightly managed, conservation dependent, and self‑sustaining.

Why are Zoos doing In situ Conservation? Adapting To A New Reality

The status of some of these species can be improved by deploying conservation measures that incorporate captive populations and use techniques developed in zoos. The powerful effects of the false but alluring dichotomy of “in situ vs ex situ” has cast a dark shadow on the potential for zoos to assume their proper role in the broad effort to conserve species. There are many examples of species conservation tools and approaches that are intermediate between these two extremes and fall along a similar continuum to that described above.

William Conway, Senior Conserva‑ tionist, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx Zoo, New York

In the new world of the Anthropocene species conservation will face new challenges and need new strategies. These will include managed relocation, genetic‑rescue, de‑extinction and synthetic biology approaches. And over all will be the serious challenge of the loss of “habitats” – the “situ” on which most species strategies rely. We will need to face a world of species conservation in novel ecosystems with novel communities. The resources necessary to achieve species conservation, financial, political, technical and social will rely on changing our message from one of despair to one of hope.

Proceedings of the 68th Annual Conference October 2013 Orlando

Human beings have now committed their future to a warmer world and rising seas, which we know very little about. Consequently, I will focus on three observations that the zoo profession has taught me a lot about. They have to do with the need for zoos to adapt to a new reality. First of all, we have vastly depleted the majority of large and moderate sized wild animals and their habitats. Climate change and human increase are accelerating the process. Second, zoo and aquarium exhibits are far too small to sustain viable populations of many sizable wild vertebrates. Third, zoo professionals are positioned to play a distinctive role in wildlife support and in the generation of public involvement. Zoos know how to care for wild animals, have expert staffs, millions of visitors and are working to keep wild animals from becoming irrelevant. That’s why we are here.

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Nonetheless, many of the traditional justifications for zoos and aquariums in public education must change because the world has and so many natural animal populations are collapsing. My first observation employs biomass, terrestrial vertebrate biomass, essentially weight. It is a powerful metric of both wildlife’s state and its prospects, hence that of zoos and aquariums. For example, Earth’s seven billion people now weigh at least 350 million tons. Among all land vertebrates, only domestic cows weigh more than people, about 520m tons. Sheep, goats and chickens weigh about 153m tons and pigs at least 115m tons. How has this changed over time? What does it mean for wild animals? Paul MacCready, the visionary engineer, has observed that 10,000 years ago, before humanity’s recent growth and spread, people and their few domestic animals weighed less than 0.1% of Earth’s terrestrial vertebrate biomass. The rest was composed of wildlife, mostly species we know. Today, he estimated, humanity with its domestic and introduced animals make up 98% of this biomass and we have crowded wildlife out, even without climate change. Between 1945 and 2011, human numbers nearly tripled and the cows, bulls, pigs and chickens were busy, too. All remaining native vertebrates, from hippos and hummingbirds to pythons and pipits, are now thought to make‑up less than 2% of terrestrial vertebrate biomass. The world’s chickens outweigh all of its elephants by at least 20 times. There are only about 3,000 tigers left in nature, perhaps 35,000 lions, 80,000 giraffes and about 257 whooping cranes. The zoo’s new reality is a world of globalized development where agriculture, humans and disinterest are exterminating wildlife, but most humans have never had it better.

Nearly a billion people have been lifted out of extreme poverty in the past 20 years, mostly in China. Indeed, China’s massive transformation is shaping global commerce. Its voracious appetite for everything from turtles to timber and elephant tusks is accelerating the destruction of nature as never before and wildlife is being slaughtered not only for food but also to make frivolous trinkets, dubious delicacies and delusion‑based medicines. In less than two generations zoo exhibits have changed from living representations of Earth’s wildlife’s homes and populations to displays of wildlife fragments whose worlds have been depopulated. And not only land animals are in trouble. The oceans are estimated to have lost more than 75% of their megafauna – large animals such as whales, dolphins, sharks, rays, and turtles. Inherent in the nature of zoo keeping, is a dream of conservation heroics, of affecting people’s hearts and of preserving wild species forever. But, in addition to humanity’s largely unrecognized devastation of wildlife, we come to a second and fundamental zoo concern, a lack of space. The good news is that zoos have become so skilled in the care and breeding of wild animals that they will soon be able to propagate almost any living terrestrial vertebrate. The bad news is that they have no place to put them. All the zoo animal spaces in the world would fit within New York’s Borough of Brooklyn (212.7 km2). Accordingly, zoos and aquariums sustain very few rare species for long periods. They simply haven’t the space to meet the biological requirements of viable populations of a significant number of sizable vertebrates or of smaller species with sizable breeding space requirements such as small and medium‑sized birds. Thus, collection sustainability means smaller numbers of species, larger

numbers of those we seek to sustain and intensively focused efforts, especially “One‑Plan” collaborations with protected natural areas and breeding centers. It also means much more compelling exhibits. Zoos must highlight the support of protected areas and, where possible, breed species in need rather than common taxa. It is not helpful to hold an umbrella over a duck. Globally, there are approximately 44,000 “conserved locations” covering nearly 13% of Earth’s terrestrial surface – but few are adequately protected. Logging, poaching, and invasion by people are said to affect over 70% of 200 parks in tropical areas. Moreover, sooner or later, most must be zoologically‑gardened, their wildlife weeded, treated, translocated, and curated so as to persist in the shrunken spaces available to them. The biology of every species assures that it will produce more young than can be sustained in limited habitats, natural or zoo, so many will have to be repeatedly culled to substitute for the ruthlessness of unprotected nature. Thus, in situ wildlife constrained in isolated parks and reserves will require ex situ care and, in fact, zoos and aquariums are beginning to help. Several are now acting as field‑based conservation organizations, shaping their programs in response to what is happening to nature and serving wildlife that would otherwise be lost. Zoo biologists are not armchair conservationists and their field‑focused efforts are a defining moment in the evolution of zoos and aquariums.

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Already, zoo‑based programs have proven helpful to colonial water birds, marine mammals, savannah ungulates, large predators and raptors. Contributing to this direction are Lincoln Park, London Zoo, Zurich, Saint Louis, Cincinnati, Denver and many others. In a cooperative example, Saint Louis, Brookfield and Kansas City are jointly supporting the great Punta San Juan Peruvian sea bird and seal colonies while the Bronx Zoo’s Wildlife Conservation Society, is working to protect wildlife from China to Patagonia and the high Andes and has become one of the largest of on‑the‑ground wildlife conservation organizations. WCS is also offering conservation partnerships to other zoos and aquariums to encourage them to create programs of their own and 38 have recently done so. My third observation is that you ‘zoo people’ and your professional colleagues are a community of rapidly growing conservation importance. Each day, over one million zoo and aquarium animals rely upon you – as dependent as patients on ‘life support’ for all the rest of their lives and their offspring’s lives, and their offspring’s offspring’s lives. Most zoo people have welcomed demanding accreditation, ever more sophisticated animal care requirements and ongoing processes of review and transparency. It is notable that little of such professional oversight can be found in other kinds of wildlife care or conservation associations. Nevertheless, careful evaluations of wildlife’s future, such as that facilitated by the IUCN’s Conservation Breeding Specialist Group, concerning the roles and limitations of science, government, zoos, parks and conservation organizations are rare in zoos as well as in human society in general. Although zoo people

can now propagate almost any terrestrial vertebrate, what are you going to do with this remarkable expertise? What are you going to sustain? Where are you going to restore wildlife in viable populations? It is with in situ support, not captive breeding, that zoos and aquariums can provide the most far‑reaching wildlife help to the greatest number of species in the largest parts of the world. Nevertheless, there will be more and more situations where ex situ breeding support is the only option to prevent extinction. By working together, you have developed the extraordinary power to grant life to species on the edge of extinction. What will you do with it? How will you pay for more conservation effort, in situ and ex situ? Some zoos are involving their guests in generating conservation support directly. Upon opening its “Congo Gorilla Forest” in 1999, the Bronx Zoo imposed a fee and voting process to finance tropical African conservation. So far, nearly $12 million dollars has been raised and expended on African wildlife from this one source. Zurich Zoo’s extraordinary MASOALA exhibit has already contributed more than €2,650,000 to conservation action in Madagascar. Boise, Idaho, has taken a particularly compelling approach. It defines its zoo as: “…a garden or park where wildlife is kept for exhibition for the primary purpose of generating funds for the conservation of animals in the wild.” This, I believe, is where zoos should be headed. Steve Burns, will describe it later today as well as the AZA zoo effort that catalyzed $160 million spent for in situ field conservation last year. Surely it is time for in situ conservation to be a condition of zoo accreditation.

Inside the zoo/aquarium world there are marvelous new exhibits, fascinating breeding successes, ever better curatorial, veterinary and education programs, but also an alarming series of disconnects; of zoo priorities unresponsive to massive wildlife decline and yet to be overcome. How has this happened? Most present day zoos were conceived in a vanished world where wild animals were still common and ecologically important. Zoos were thought of as museums, their animals as parts of dioramas, with little consideration that they would die; ambassadors from wildlife communities now overrun by people and environmental change. Zoos were seen as animal owners, not stewards of species populations. That was then. Now, zoo people must invent new kinds of zoological institutions, not just better versions of the old ones and species of concern are key. Zoo species numbers must be reduced, space increased and focal species kept in much larger numbers, each the center of expert care.

Proceedings of the 68th Annual Conference October 2013 Orlando

The challenge is to create zoos and aquariums that help secure wildlife’s future as well as visitor education and enjoyment; to manage them so that the zoo is a recruiting center for conservationists, a beautiful and magnetic introduction to wondrous wild creatures and, more than ever, a corridor of care between human communities and protected wildlife areas.

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To become field‑based conservation organizations, engines of wildlife preservation, is an inspiring role for zoos in the 21st century and it is a needed one. Ultimately, It is about helping to save the future of life on Earth – and it is ‘Why Zoos Are Doing In situ Conservation.’

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WAZA Congress Papers Abstracts

Table of Contents Abstracts Claudia Benitez‑Nelson Climate Change 2. Crawford Allan Illegal Wildlife Trade: A global challenge 3. James Musinguzi Bush Meat Trade Crisis in Uganda; Pushing Wildlife Populations To Jeopardy Among Communities Around Murchison Falls Conservation Area, Northern Uganda 4. Anne Savage The One Plan Approach: Engaging Zoo and Aquarium Visitors In Our Efforts to Protect Species 5. Nate Flesness & Onnie Byers Trends in Collections – Is There A Plan? 6. Markus Gusset Restoring African Wild Dogs in South Africa: A Managed Metapopulation Approach 7. Bishan Bonal Efforts to bring back from the Brink (Vulture conservation breeding programme in India) 8. Bryan Carroll Penguins, lemurs and fruit bats: Bristol Zoo’s “One Plan” approach to institutional species conservation planning 9. Miroslav Bobek We help them to survive – the way towards the wandering bus 10. James Breheny, Sue Chin Introduction to presentation One Plan by Design: Around the world 11. Judy Mann One Plan – Linking an aquarium with in situ marine conservation, research and education 1.

12. Udo Nagel

25. Yara Barros

One Plan – Linking a museum and zoo: The Darwineum 13. David Field One Plan -– London Zoo’s Tiger Territory: investing in field conservation. 14. Alex Rübel One Plan – Masoala – combining modern exhibit, education and conservation in Madagascar 15. Jenny Gray Vision, Courage and Innovation for a Carbon Neutral Future 16. Karen Fifield A Sustainable Journey‑ how Wellington Zoo became the world’s first carbon zero accredited zoo 17. Jonathan Wilcken Supply chain activism – a role for zoos and aquariums 18. Clara Dominguez Sustainable Zoo 19. Bob Wiese Increasing collection sustainability requires diverse One Plan approaches 20. Josh D’Amaro Guest service at Disney: Providing the foundation for conservation interpretation 21. Bill Street Revenue generating/”premium” programs: Funding the One Plan approach 22. Anne Baker From the Elephants‘ Perspective: using science to understand zoo elephant welfare 23. Steve Burns Engaging the public in direct support of our global conservation efforts 24. Carolina Falla ACOPAZOA Conservation Programs of ACOPAZOA

Latin American Association of Zoos and Aquaria (ALPZA) contribution to conservation in Latin America 26. Lesley Dickie EAZA – European Conservation initiatives 27. Stephen van der Spuy PAAZAB – African Conservation activities 28. Mark Craig The Arabian Connection – The Arabian Zoo and Aquarium Association. 29. Shigeyuki Yamamoto JAZA Conservation activities and legal systems integrated with Japanese government 30. Tiago Pinto‑Pereira WAZA in support of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity: “The Decade Project”

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Poster presentations 1.

4. 5.

Roy Ballantyne & Karen Hughes Cell phone apps. The future of visitor interpretation for zoos and aquariums Karolína Brandlová Western Derby Eland – wild and captive population united for conservation Júlia Hanuliaková Animal well‑being as the first principle of exhibit design Rachel Lowry Kicking Goals for Wildlife Tiago Pinto Pereira WAZA in support of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity: “The Decade Project” Steve Stookey Discover a new way of learning with the WAZA Online Professional Development Center Rachel Watkins Rogers Program Recommendations in a One World Cooperative Breeding Program

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Nuchjaree Purchkoon, Wanchai Sawasu, Sumate Kamolnorranath and Boripat Siriaroonrat, Zoological Park Organization Thai zoos fight against extinction of Eastern sarus crane: Preliminary success from reintroduction of extinct‑in‑the‑wild species 9. Samsung Everland Zoo Lost Valley – new interactive animal safari experience 10. Anne Savage, DAK Proyecto Titi 11. Anne Savage, DAK Sea Turtle Conservation in Florida 12. Andy Stamper, The Seas at Epcot Fish 13. Joseph Soltis, DAK Elephant and Bees 14. Gina Ferrie, DAK Population Management 15. Leslie Wells, Corporate Citizenship DWCF 16. Chris Dodd, SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment Management of Cutaneous Nocardiosis in a Beluga 17. Nancy Stedman SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphosarcoma in an Asian Small Clawed Otter 18. Jeff Andrews, Busch Gardens Tampa Utilizing Science to Assist in Managing African Elephants 19. Bill Street, SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment Priority Conservation Projects Supported by the SeaWorld & Busch Gardens Conservation Fund 20. Scott Glass, SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment Novel Uses of Technology in Animal Exhibit Interpretation 8.

Exhibitors 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Vicki Wawerchak and Karin Stratton, Monterey Bay Aquarium Brooke Taylor Robby Gilman, Pentair Aquatic Eco‑Systems Sonya Kahlenberg, GRACE Garth Wight, Safari Thatch, LTD. David Evans, Art Processors Tim Brightman and Robby Gilbert, Billings Productions Inc

Abstracts 1 | Climate Change Claudia Benitez‑Nelson, University of South Carolina, USA Earth’s climate is changing. Global temperatures are increasing, resulting in a range of outcomes such as sea level rise and changing weather patterns. Most scientists agree that humans are contributing to this climate change, yet the general public is divided and debates have become highly politicized. A major component of this problem is scientists’ inability to present their science to society as a whole. My talk will focus on how to communicate climate change and how to move the discussion beyond whether or not climate change is happening to one that focuses on bringing groups together in preparing for the future.

2 | Illegal Wildlife Trade: A global challenge Crawford Allan, TRAFFIC, USA The world is dealing with an unprecedented spike in illegal wildlife trade, threatening to overturn decades of conservation gains. Potentially 30,000 elephants were killed in Africa for their ivory in 2012 and rhino poaching in South Africa may top 1,000 rhinos this year. Driven by a surge in demand in Asia, the crisis seems out of control as its big business, estimated at $10 billion per year. Crawford Allan of TRAFFIC will explain what is happening right now, how major initiatives are being launched to stop wildlife crime globally and how zoos are a vital part of the solution.

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3 | Bush Meat Trade Crisis in Uganda; Pushing Wildlife Populations To Jeopardy Among Communities Around Murchison Falls Conservation Area, Northern Uganda

4 | The One Plan Approach: Engaging Zoo and Aquarium Visitors In Our Efforts to Protect Species

James Musinguzi, Uganda Wildlife Education Centre, Uganda

Zoos and aquariums have a long history of working in partnership with conservation organizations to help protect species around the world. Successful conservation programs also address the needs of local communities in habitat countries by developing innovative solutions to reduce conflict that can demonstrate tangible benefits to both people and animals. Engaging zoo and aquarium visitors in conservation programs that create both a strong connection with the animals and the stories about the people that are helping to protect them builds a constituency of advocates in our own communities. Creating opportunities using social media, eco ‑tourism, and eco‑commerce to build personal connections between zoo and aquarium visitors and the animals and people in habitat countries has been remarkably effective in creating the conservation leaders of tomorrow.

The illegal acquisition and consumption of Bushmeat was recorded in communities outside the Murchison Falls Conservation Area. This unsustainable harvest has negatively impacted wild life and is further worsened by the inaccurate information about the animal species being consumed, which may endanger species with less survival prospects. Bushmeat crisis increases the number of orphaned animals in sanctuaries and zoos, with yet unknown number of victims killed to satisfy the demand. The impacts on tourism are eminent, since Uganda is a mainly wildlife destination, food security (33%) and ecological sustainability (58%). This paper shows that food insecurity is not the sole driver to the practice but highlights other factors as such as poverty, culture, inadequate legal frameworks fueling the crisis among others. The study predicts ana increased pressure on wildlife in protected areas, a shift in hunting regimes; along the boundaries, forest reserves, and encroachment to the park, if communities are to meet the benefits they associate game with. The study, proposes a holistic intervention through; education, promotion of alternative animal protein, climate change adaptation, and other mechanisms that will enable communities to lessen their impact on the environment as well as manage their resources sustainably.

Anne Savage, Disney’s Animal Kingdom

5 | Trends in Collections – Is There A Plan? Nate Flesness, ISIS, USA and Onnie Byers, CBSG, USA One question is the proportion of species we collectively hold, which are at risk of extinction according to IUCN’s Red List. Previous work has shown that zoo collections in total tend to look as though they were selected mostly at random. Considering recent data, is there evidence of movement toward, or away from, holding and breeding species needing conservation insurance?

A second question is, given the community’s large investment in field conservation programs, do the target species match our collections? CBSG has adopted the “one plan” approach – aiming to link and coordinate in situ and ex situ efforts for the same species at risk. Do the species align?

6 | Restoring African Wild Dogs in South Africa: A Managed Metapopulation Approach

Proceedings of the 68th Annual Conference October 2013 Orlando

Markus Gusset, WAZA Executive Office, Switzerland Over the past 15 years, the number of endangered African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) in South Africa has increased by nearly 50% through the active reintroduction of animals into suitable state‑protected areas and private reserves. These new, isolated populations are managed collectively as a managed metapopulation, linked through artificially mediated dispersal. Founding stock for reintroductions has comprised both wild‑caught and captive ‑bred animals and this has unearthed some useful lessons about the in situ–ex situ interface. Chief among these is the need for an a priori strategy for ex situ support of the programme, essential to avoid uncoordinated and ad hoc use of captive‑bred animals, and to ensure the long‑term demographic and genetic viability of this nationally important wild dog population.

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7 | Efforts to bring back from the Brink (Vulture conservation breeding programme in India)

incubation and rearing of chick protocols for vulture conservation breeding and have produced a working manual for guidance for various centres.

Bishan Bonal, Central Zoo Authority, India

Tha Gyps vultures are slow breeding and long living birds and are known to lay only one egg per year but if the egg is removed within a couple of weeks of laying, they usually lay again. The centre have successfully done double clutching and by incubating the first clutch artificially in incubators has significantly increased the breeding success in these slow breeding species. The conservation breeding programme would certainly help prevention of these extinction of these species.

The Conservation Breeding Programme is one of the flagship activities of Central Zoo Authority. It has a prioritised list of 26 species out of identified 74 endangered species for conservation breeding programme. Three species of once abundant resident Gyps vulture, Oriental white backed vulture Gyps bengalensis, long billed vulture Gyps indicus and slender billed vulture Gyps tenuirostris are on the verge of extinction due to catastrophic crash of over 99% in their population during the last couple of decades. Their populations crashed due to the veterinary used of the drug diclofenac. All the three species are now classified as critically endangered and are on the priority list of CZA for conservation breeding. The Central Zoo Authority supported establishment of five vulture conservation breeding centres at different zoos namely Junagarh in the state of (Gujarat), Hyderabad (Andhra Pradesh), Bhopal (Madhya Pradesh), Nandankanan (Odisa), and Muta (Jharkhand). The vulture conservation breeding centre, Pinjore, Haryana, a recognised centre of Central Zoo Authority and established by Haryana Forest department in collaboration with the Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS) is identified as coordinating Zoo for vulture conservation breeding programme The centre has now over ten years of experience in captive management and care of the three species and have succeeded in breeding all three species in captivity. Over 50 birds are now in captivity and over 60 have bred in captivity. CZA has standardised housing, husbandry and care, artificial

9 | We help them to survive – the way towards the wandering bus Miroslav Bobek, Prague Zoo, Czech Republic

8 | Penguins, lemurs and fruit bats: Bristol Zoo’s “One Plan” approach to institutional species conservation planning

A presentation about activities of Prague Zoo in central Africa, focused on the protection of Western Lowland Gorillas. The popularity of gorillas, bred in Prague Zoo, enables us to raise funds from both the visitors and the general public. We could repeatedly provide equipment to ecoguards in Dja Reserve, Cameroon, thousands of children from the forest areas in Congo basin received books about gorillas and other education materials and the Wandering Bus project has been started recently. It enables children from the Dja area to learn to see gorillas in another way than as just meat on a plate.

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10 | One Plan by Design: WCS Exhibits

J. Bryan Carroll, John Partridge & Christoph Schwitzer, Bristol Zoo, UK

Sue Chin, Wildlife Conservation Society, USA, Introduction by James Breheny

To achieve the vision of the World’s zoos becoming effective conservation organisations, ex situ populations must be integrated closer into global species conservation planning and implementation. The “One Plan” approach proposed by the IUCN SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group promotes such integration through the joint development of one comprehensive conservation plan for a species, covering all populations inside and outside its natural range. Bristol Zoo has developed an institutional framework for implementing the “One Plan” approach, integrating its ex situ collection planning with its own in situ conservation, research and behaviour change programmes. These programmes are guided by national and global species conservation strategies and action plans.

WCS by design, connects our exhibits and visitor experience with WCS in situ conservation work. The best example is the Congo Gorilla Forest at the Bronx Zoo which opened in 1999. Congo fully integrates conservation projects and their specific landscapes into its design and interpretation. Congo has raised over $11 million for conservation projects in Africa. In addition to Congo, this brief presentation will show other examples of exhibits that have integrated conservation messaging in different ways at the Bronx Zoo and WCS’s other Zoos and Aquarium.

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11 | One Plan – Linking an aquarium with in situ marine conservation, research and education Judy Mann, uShaka Seaworld, South Africa The WAZA Conservation Strategy emphasises the importance of integrating conservation into all areas of operation. This talk will use the South African Association for Marine Biological Research (SAAMBR) in Africa, as an example of how we link an aquarium – uShaka Sea World – with innovative in situ conservation, research and education, through our Oceanographic Research Institute and Education Centre. From teaching local fishermen how to harvest marine resources sustainably to assisting government authorities design fisheries management plans, from empowering rural people to run ecotourism ventures to breeding corals or assessing the status of commercially harvested fish species, SAAMBR is able to capitalise on the unique combination of expertise available in our husbandry, research and educational divisions to meaningfully link an aquarium with meaningful in situ marine conservation.

12 | One Plan – Linking a museum and zoo: The Darwineum Udo Nagel, Rostock Zoo, Germany Located in the northeast of Germany at the Baltic Sea, Rostock Zoo was founded in1899. In its long history, it was especially shaped by the two world wars but also given great opportunities by the German reunification. Starting as a modest deergarden with plantings of foreign tree species, there are now 4,500 animals in 320species living at the zoo, a 50-hectare park with ancient trees. The self‑conception of the zoo

has not changed over all development stages: The main objective was and still is education. One of the first zoo schools of Germany was founded in Rostock in1960. With the opening of the Darwineum in 2012, Rostock Zoo managed once again a quality leap in terms of education. The Darwineum is a 20,000 square metre complex with a new home for the great apes and offers an exciting experience on the subject of incarnation. With an investment of 29 million euros, it is the largest (and most expensive) project in the history of Rostock Zoo. The complex includes not only a large, light‑filled tropical hall with adjoining outside enclosures, where now several residential communities of gorillas and orangutans, families of pygmy marmosets, tortoises and sloths are living. In the exhibitional part visitors can “travel” through the wider biological evolution of the Earth. Individual cabinets provide for instance an insight into the animal and plant life of the primeval ocean with horseshoe crabs, mudskippers or Dotted Rhizostomae being presented in aquariums and terrariums as an example of the former inhabitants of the earth. The Darwineum is completed by a convention centre and experiment stations for young and old. Nature films and reports are played in a movie theater thanks to an extraordinary collaboration with National Geographic.

Summary: Rostock Zoo sees education as the main task for its daily trade. The Darwineum as aperfect combination of museum and zoo follows this idea and is a success story for Rostock Zoo, the Hanseatic City of Rostock and Mecklenburg‑Vorpommern.

13 | One Plan – London Zoo’s Tiger Territory: investing in field conservation. David Field, Zoological Society of London, UK

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Tiger Territory is London Zoo’s new flagship exhibit – it is also the flagship for all ZSL’s conservation work with tigers. As with all major capital projects ZSL commits 10% of the project cost to new field projects with the species concerned. This aids the integrity of fund raising but fundamentally links the zoo exhibit with direct conservation work. These links are integrated into the interpretation and on‑going fund raising in the exhibit.

14 | One Plan – Masoala – combining modern exhibit, education and conservation in Madagascar

WAZA Congress Papers Abstracts

Alex Rübel, Zoo Zurich, Switzerland page

Preparations for the construction of the Darwineum lasted almost ten years, the opening was celebrated in the summer of 2012 – with special guest Felix Padel. The anthropologist, who has been living and researching in India, is the great‑great grandson of the British naturalist Charles Darwin (1809–1882), who is considered the founder of the evolutionary theory and whose work provides the basic idea of the Rostock Darwineum.

The World Zoo and Aquarium Conservation Strategy asks zoos to focus all their activities into a one plan approach linking species they keep and show, the exhibits, the education and research they do, towards a sound conservation project to save species in their original habitat. Maximum effects can be achieved if the project brings a win situation to everybody involved. The Masoala project at Zoo Zürich was outlined to achieve this target. After ten years of suc-

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cessful cooperation between all involved partners the successes and setbacks at Zoo Zürich as well as in Madagascar are discussed.

15 | Vision, Courage and Innovation for a Carbon Neutral Future Jenny Gray Impacts of extinction are hard to fathom for everyone, including zoo/aquaria guests. Exhibits that truly immerse the guest into realms of species, juxtaposed by man’s presence, help convey these impacts through experiential emotion, a foundation of advocacy for change. The main interpretive theme is environmental stewardship and urgency of conservation. Exhibits will be shown that promote this emotional experience through history/geographical locations on a visual/auditory/tactile journey, demonstrating that humankind is only but a thread of the web of life, all while enhancing family values, having fun by travelling to places around the world only a few ever get to see.

16 | A Sustainable Journey – how Wellington Zoo became the world’s first carbon zero accredited zoo Karen Fifield Wellington Zoo lives sustainable practices – financial, social and environmental. As an organisation we are committed to walking the talk. This paper will explain our journey from good stewardship and kaitiakitanga to accreditation by the globally recognised carboNZero assessment.

Sustainable practice is good for business, good for the planet and good for people‑ we can all do it. As our global zoo and aquarium community responds to the pressure of climate change, our story at Wellington Zoo is a practical but amazingly inspirational journey towards best practice sustainable behaviour.

17 | Supply chain activism – a role for zoos and aquariums Jonathan Wilcken Zoos and aquariums are significant purchasers of goods and services, and can exercise substantive influence on suppliers for wider conservation benefit if we choose. The palm oil industry represents a key threat to biodiversity in South ‑east Asia. Auckland Zoo has established a public profile in promoting the removal of palm oil from products on sale in New Zealand and reflects this approach in conditional contracts with suppliers to the zoo. This paper discusses key outcomes from this approach to date, and profiles a partnership with New Zealand’s leading ice cream supplier that resulted in a two‑year programme to remove palm oil from their ice cream products. As a direct consequence, 68% of all ice‑cream sold throughout New Zealand will now be palm oil free and 180 MT of palm oil will be removed from sale in New Zealand every year. This alone represents a 1% reduction in New Zealand’s national palm oil consumption.

18 | Sustainable Zoo Ma. Clara Dominguez The Cali Zoological Foundation that administers the Cali Municipal Zoo, evolving from a mere administrator of a zoological park to a reference centre for conservation and social tissue for the local community. We will try to explain what are the foundations of such transformation reflected into an in‑house developed management system, and an organisational culture inspired in an intelligent resource management that we call “sustainable Zoo”.

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19 | Increasing collection sustainability requires diverse One Plan approaches Bob Wiese, San Diego Zoo Global, USA Historically zoo and aquarium breeding programs have occasionally returned animals to the wild and often provided support for research, training, technology development, habitat protect and other conservation efforts. The One Plan approach strives to more fully integrate breeding programs, wild population management, and various conservation support efforts. New models are emerging for species with special breeding needs, interactive exchanges between zoo and wild populations, and more futuristic methods to supplement shrinking gene pools. Several developing AZA programs will be discussed as potential models for the future.

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20 | Increasing conservation efforts through Disney’s service standards Josh D’Amaro, Disney’s Animal Kingdom, USA The Walt Disney World Resort welcomes millions of Guests every year to its nearly 40-square‑mile entertainment and recreation center in Central Florida. With those Guests, combined with the more than 66,000 Cast Members that bring our show to life, our property houses the population of a small city every day. You’ll learn how Disney’s world‑class reputation brings Guests back time after time, and how that’s attainable for all organizations. The magic is in our time‑tested methods. Our reputation directly impacts the way our Guests think about wildlife and wild places and allows us to increase the conservation work we are able to do in the wild. You’ll walk away with key lessons we have learned that can apply to your organization – big or small – and will help you reach your conservation goals in a new way.

21 | Revenue generating/”premium” programs: Funding the One Plan approach Bill Street, Sea World/Busch Gardens, USA Over the past decade there has been great expansion of unique revenue generating programs and experiences at zoos and aquariums. One area of growth has been in the number of programs designed to be customized based upon a visitors’ interest. These programs are typically designed for smaller or individual audiences, connect to the conservation and zoological efforts of the facility, and are considered to have both high value and worth. In this session, we will give examples of some of the innovative,

high end, mission‑focused experiences being implemented at zoos and aquariums worldwide and how zoos and aquariums are adapting to the culture of customization.

22 | From the Elephants‘ Perspective: using science to understand zoo elephant welfare Anne Baker, formerly Toledo Zoo, USA Initial results from a one‑year study evaluating the effects of multiple environmental, social and management variables on elephant welfare will be presented. The study included 255 African and Asian elephants housed at 70 North American zoos. Specific welfare topics to be addressed include: body condition, reproductive health, foot and skin health, locomotion, and daytime and nighttime activity. These are examined in the context of age, sex, species, exhibit size and complexity, social experience, management practices, and a host of other factors. Implications of findings for the management of zoo elephants will be discussed.

23 | Engaging the public in direct support of our global conservation efforts Steve Burns, Zoo Boise, USA One of the zoo and aquarium world’s greatest assets is the huge number of people that visit our institutions on an annual basis. This session explores how zoos and aquariums are harnessing the power of these people to generate support for the conservation of animals in the wild. We will discuss the various funding models that have already been created, some voluntary and some not. We will give examples of institutions that

have already implemented these programs so you will know who to contact for help in order to start similar programs at your zoo or aquarium.

24 | ACOPAZOA Conservation Programs of ACOPAZOA Carolina Falla, ACOPAZOA, Colombia ACOPAZOA is working on conservation programs since 2006. White footed tamarine (Sagu‑ inus leucopus), Andean Condor (Vultur gryphus) and blue billed curassow (Crax alberti), threatened colombian species, are the initial focus of our work. A captive breeding program based in training, protocols and research, was established. The partnership and support of EAZA, the Ministry of Environment, and other national and international institutions are the guarantee for the success, since we can integrate education and in situ research as a strong complement for ex situ programs. The aim of ACOPAZOA is to be recognized as a conservationist organization following the WAZA guidelines.

25 | Latin American Association of Zoos and Aquaria (ALPZA) contribution to conservation in Latin America Yara Barros, Foz Tropicana, Parque das Aves, Brazil The ALPZA Conservation Committee, works to promote biodiversity conservation. It has developed an accreditation process to recognize conservation programmes of ALPZA members that achieve a high quality level. Until now, two programmes were certified: the International Conservation Program for the White‑footed tamarin, Saguinus leucopus in Colombia and

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the Andean Condor (Vultur gryphus) Conservation Programme in Argentina. The Conservation Committee also publishes a Conservation Journal and organizes and conducts training and capacity building conservation workshops, both theoretical and practical. It also develops campaigns to generate funds for conservation.

26 | EAZA – European Conservation initiatives Lesley Dickie, EAZA, The Netherlands No abstract.

27 | PAAZAB – African Conservation activities Stephen van der Spuy, PAAZAB, South Africa The African Association of Zoos and Aquaria (PAAZAB) has established the African Preservation Program (APP) under which objectively assessed and chosen species are managed using a combination of both in situ and ex situ expertize. This is achieved by a co‑operative effort between the APP and relevant wildlife agencies. All currently managed APPs and potential new APPs are being reviewed with a view to ascertaining which programmes will be confirmed as full APPs going forward. The African Preservation Programme has been strengthened after the establishment of the Conservation and Population Sustainability portfolios within PAAZAB in 2013. A few case studies will be presented to showcase current successes of the APP. Future requirements to ensure the success of the African Preservation Programme as well as participation in the Global Species Management Plans (GSMPs) will also be discussed.

28 | The Arabian Connection – The Arabian Zoo and Aquarium Association.

30 | WAZA in support of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity: “The Decade Project”

Mark Craig, Al Ain Wildlife Park & Resort, UAE

Tiago Pinto‑Pereira, WAZA, Switzerland

In December 2012 zoos and aquariums from the Arabian peninsula and North Africa were invited to Al Ain Zoo in the United Arab Emirates with the one hope of forming a zoo and aquarium association. This was the first time representatives from this region had met in the same room. Over three days that one hope turned into one plan with the agreement to form for the first time the Arabian Zoo and Aquarium Association. This emerging association will join the others in this one world where cooperation on education, conservation, animal welfare and improving standards will be its core values.

29 | JAZA – Conservation activities and legal systems integrated with Japanese government Shigeyuki Yamamoto, JAZA, Japan JAZA has discussed with Ministry of the Environment to implement the in situ and ex situ conservation of Japanese endemic species including Tsushima leopard cat and Rock Ptarmigan, to define the public role of zoos and aquariums related to conservation, education and welfare, and to establish the legal and support system for zoos and aquariums. For the realization of “One World, One Plan, One Hope”, JAZA will be truly committed to all of the conservation activities consciously.

Therefore, a modular set of awareness raising tools is being developed as a recognisable framework, but adaptable to regional, cultural and individual institutional situations. These will consist of:

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These tools will then be made available to the whole WAZA membership at the launch during the 8th International Zoo and Aquarium Marketing Conference which will be hosted by Bristol Zoo Gardens, from the 12th to the 14th of May 2014. Come by the poster session later on Tuesday (17.00–18.30) if you wish to discuss the implementation in more detail or have additional questions.

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Poster presentations 1 | Cell phone apps: The future of visitor interpretation for zoos and aquariums

based on breeding management, research, and education. Western Derby Eland studbook has been published annually since 2008 in cooperation with Prague Zoo. Since 2012 Western Derby Eland conservation programme has been supported by WAZA.

Roy Ballantyne This poster paper will critically compare the advantages and disadvantages of cell phone ‘apps’ and signs as methods of interpreting animals from the perspective of an institution and the visitor. A case study of the innovative use of a visitor cell phone ‘app’ experience will be presented (iANIMAL) as well as a demonstration of a visitor audio cell phone ‘app’ developed for uShaka SeaWorld in South Africa.

2 | Western Derby Eland – wild and captive population united for conservation Karolína Brandlová Western Derby Eland (Tautotragus derbianus derbianus) has been listed as critically endangered by IUCN since 2008. The last remaining wild population is estimated at 170 individuals (2006) in the Niokolo Koba National Park (NKNP) in Senegal. Wild population is threatened by poaching and habitat loss especially caused by cattle grazing. In 2000, the semi ‑captive back‑up population was established in 2000 from 6 founders captured in NKNP by the Directorate of National Parks in Senegal (DPN) and Society for the Protection of Environment and Fauna in Senegal (SPEFS). This population is managed in cooperation with Czech University of Life Sciences Prague and in 2013 contains 95 individuals divided into several herds within two fenced reserves in Western Senegal – Bandia and Fathala. The conservation programme is

In 2013, Species Conservation Strategy Planning Workshop was organized by Derbianus Czech Society for African Wildlife, DPN and SPEFS in Saly, Senegal. More than 40 participants came from 7 countries within 4 continents to participate in the discussion led by Dr. David Mallon, co‑chair of Antelope Specialist Group IUCN. Within 3 days the conservation strategy for the Western Derby Eland was established and will be presented soon to the conservation community. Organisation of the workshop was supported by Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Knowsley Safari Park, Prague Zoo, Chester Zoo, and IUCN.

3 | Animal well‑being as the first principle of exhibit design Júlia Hanuliaková How can we define animal welfare‑based exhibit design guidelines that will serve zoos across the world, given cultural differences in interpreting animal welfare and zoos? This paper will address this question and present case studies, explaining why we think they are good models for animal welfare‑based design. We will also discuss how WAZA guidelines could be written to challenge an audience to seek answers in recent scientific work and innovative design. We will solicit feedback and collect ideas for case studies from a range of countries and continents, especially examples of low‑budget designs achieving high standard of well‑being of animals.

4 | Kicking Goals for Wildlife Rachel Lowry Kicking Goals for Wildlife is an innovative eco ‑socio project that uses soccer to benefit wildlife whilst building social capital within Northern Kenya. In partnership with the Melako Community Conservancy, Zoos Victoria has engaged 120 Morans (warriors) and 400 children across 15 schools in an effort to mitigate human wildlife conflict. Using an integrated research program informed by distance sampling, biodiversity transects and baseline attitude and knowledge surveys to evaluate the program, we hope to secure the survival of species such as the Grevy’s Zebra, Gerenuk and Dik Dik, whilst brokering relationships between the community development and conservation science disciplines. Why? Because we have only one world, and a plan that benefits both humans and wildlife is our only hope. Fortunately, zoos are uniquely positioned to lead this change.

5 | WAZA in support of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity: “The Decade Project”

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WAZA Congress Papers Abstracts

Tiago Pinto‑Pereira, WAZA, Switzerland During its 66th Annual conference WAZA members unanimously endorsed the UN Decade on Biodiversity and supported both the Aichi Biodiversity targets and a WAZA global project supporting both the Decade and the Aichi targets. Therefore, a modular set of awareness raising tools is being developed as a recognisable framework, but adaptable to regional, cultural and individual institutional situations. These will consist of:

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• Mobile / Tablet application • Posters • Films • Social Media campaign WAZA is taking this opportunity to update the WAZA Members on the progress of this exciting project by presenting the tools already finalized and providing insight into the tools still being finalized. This is a great opportunity for WAZA Members to find out more about the tools being designed and how to implement them in their institution. These tools will then be made available to the whole WAZA membership at the launch during the 8th International Zoo and Aquarium Marketing Conference which will be hosted by Bristol Zoo Gardens, from the 12th to the 14th of May 2014. Come by and find out how to engage in this project.

6 | Discover a new way of learning with the WAZA Online Professional Development Center

Training is measured by its presentation and content. We build courses from the ground up to be interactive, engaging, and based on subject matter from world‑class animal care professionals. We’ve studied their effectiveness and will be sharing surprising results!

7 | Proqram Recommendations in a One World Cooperative Breeding Program Rachel Watkins Rogers The need for sustainable populations in ex situ cooperative management programs continues to grow globally. This discussion outlines the need for a dialogue in the world zoological community about approvals or authorizations by countries of government owned species. Due to the need for genetic diversity, animals from multiple countries may be paired for reproduction. An example would be the sire is from Colombia, dam is from Brazil with offspring owned by both countries per signed loan agreements. Which country authorizes the recommended transfer or signs the documents for this transfer? What if a consensus is not met by both countries?

Steve Stookey, Cypherworks, USA The WAZA OPDC provides flexible, web‑based learning that gives you control of your schedule. Explore interactive courses from leading experts in the zoo and aquarium fields as well as topics like human resources and management. Members join the WAZA OPDC network or private sites created for their organizations. Get complete access to the best content at prices designed for nonprofits.

8 | Thai zoos fight against extinction of Eastern sarus crane: Preliminary success from reintroduction of extinct‑in‑the‑wild species Nuchjaree Purchkoon, Wanchai Sawasu, Su‑ mate Kamolnorranath and Boripat Siriaroon‑ rat, Zoological Park Organization Eastern sarus crane (Grus antigone sharpii) is a large wading bird that became extinct from

Thailand’s natural wetlands for over 3 decades. Although the crane was listed as 1 of 15 wildlife reserves species under the Wildlife Preservation and Protection Act (1992), they need help from the zoo community to survive extinction. The wild populations of Eastern sarus crane can still be found in Myanmar, Cambodia and Viet Nam where its range has declined dramatically across Southeast Asia. Captive breeding has started in Thailand since 1989 at ZPO’s Nakhonratchasima Zoo, with 27 founder cranes donated to the ZPO by local people near Thai ‑Cambodia border and private collections. Chick production has been unsuccessful during the first 10 years. However, with improved husbandry, nutritional & health management and enrichment, chicks can be produced routinely from natural mating and artificial insemination (10–30 chicks/year) in the past 10 years (2003– 2013). The current population is about 120 birds with 19 breeding pairs. Royal Thai government funded a program to assess suitable wetland sites and experimental release of captive‑born chicks and monitor their survival. ZPO is the main focal point for this national program in collaboration with the Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation (DNP) and Kasetsart University and NGOs for a period of 5 years (2008–2013). The ultimate goal of this project was to return the Eastern sarus crane from captivity back to the nature, with specific target of 2 sustainable populations established with minimum survival rate of 30 percent. The project adopted Isolation‑rearing technique for captive‑born chick in collaboration with the International Crane Foundation (USA), and the release method applied from the whooping and Mississippi Sandhill cranes reintroduction program by International Crane foundation (ICF) and US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). The key elements of the project component are;

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1) habitat assessment & selection, 2) captive breeding for chick production, 3) rearing and training, 4) soft‑release from covered pens and, 5) monitoring & evaluation of reintroduced crane survival. We would like to share the preliminary success of this project to WAZA community. We have released 5 groups of chicks around 6 month of age (total of 36 birds) back to the natural wetland in Burirum Province in northeastern Thailand at Huay‑Jorakaemak and Sanambin Non‑hunting Areas during 2011–2013 and followed the cranes by satellite/radiotelemetry and direct sightings. At present, 32 of 36 sarus cranes (88.9%) survive and live freely in the natural wetland surrounded by rice paddy fields and villages. First year birds became sexually mature and start to display courtship behavior and pair up in the wild. Preliminary causes of loss were aggression that resulted in fighting, predation and hunting by local people who lacks of awareness. In the future, The Zoological Park Organization has planned to continue this project by reaching out to local communities at all levels to raise awareness and educate people about the values of the eastern sarus cranes. We also try to set the next policy goal by uplisting the Redlist status of eastern sarus crane status from ‘extinction‑in‑the‑wild’ (EW) to Critically Endangered (CR) species. With continued support, we are hoping that Eastern sarus crane populations will be sustained in the wild in the next 10 years.

9 | Lost Valley – new interactive animal safari experience Samsung Everland Zoo Everland Resort, Korea’s leading theme park, introduced an exclusive, all new interactive animal safari experience, with a grand opening held on April 20th 2013. The attraction’s target audience is families. “Lost Valley’s” four key features of the story are animal experience, a ride element and closing ‑the‑loop, an appeal to our target audience.

Thirdly, the ride in itself in the form of an amphibious vehicle is what makes “Lost Valley” a truly unique attraction. Amphibious vehicles were introduced to a safari. Those vehicles travel both on land and water taking guests on a mythical journey full of surprises. Fourthly, the needs of the main target audience which are families with children are met. “Lost Valley” is a huge sensation in Korea, just within the first five months after the opening, one million guests (7,000/day) were counted as visitors.

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First, “Lost Valley” takes guests on a journey to the legendary mythical world. The story begins with the time when humans and animals still lived in harmony. Secondly, “Lost Valley” provides an opportunity to experience animal habitats while interacting with animals. Instead of using artificial barriers to separate animal habitats, waterways, swamps, hills and other natural settings were embedded into the scenery allowing guests to view animals in the most natural way in their environments.

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Received Full WAZA Congress Contributions

Increasing Conservation Efforts through Disney’s Service Standards Josh D’Amaro, Disney’s Animal Kingdom Theme Park

Synopsis The Walt Disney World Resort welcomes millions of Guests every year to its nearly 40-square‑mile entertainment and recreation center in Central Florida. With those Guests, combined with the more than 66,000 Cast Members that bring our show to life, our property houses the population of a small city every day. You’ll learn how Disney’s world‑class reputation brings Guests back time after time, and how that’s attainable for all organizations. The magic is in our time‑tested methods. Our reputation directly impacts the way our Guests think about wildlife and wild places and allows us to increase the conservation work we are able to do in the wild. You’ll walk away with key lessons we have learned that can apply to your organization – big or small – and will help you reach your conservation goals in a new way.

Did you know? Last year alone… The Walt Disney Company raised $4 million to support the Disney Worldwide Conservation Fund. • We funded 150 DWCF projects worldwide • We encouraged thousands of Guests to make a change in their day‑to‑day routine to support conservation efforts. Now, I know what you’re probably thinking. It all comes down to size… and a little money… Well, when you think of size, the Walt Disney World Resort is comprised of • 4 theme parks • 2 waters parks • 25 resort hotels with nearly 28,000 rooms • 66,000 Cast Members • 1,500 animals representing 250 species just at Disney’s Animal Kingdom Theme Park

focus on those three areas, our Guests come back year after year and ultimately feel connected to our mission and want to contribute their money to help the wildlife outside our gates. It’s the way we do business, and the Guests that believe in that business, allow us to directly increase the conservation work we are able to do in the wild. The brand of YOUR institution, and its ability to be seen as a leader in conservation efforts, will likely be impacted by these three areas as well. Let me show you how these simple words can make all the difference.

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Reputation Let me start with some personal context around the power of the Disney reputation and how that power leads to trust and action.

And much MORE! In short, Walt Disney World’s daily population is larger than 90 percent of American cities. So, our size does help us achieve many of those impressive statistics, but do you really think our size is what brings families to vacation here? Don’t most people think of vacation as something relaxing, getting away from the hustle and bustle of the city? So why Disney? We believe our Guests visit us for three reasons: • Our reputation • Our level of service • Our storytelling Those three reasons lead to our company’s brand and ability to make a difference for what we say is “wildlife and wild places.” Because we

I’ve been at Disney’s Animal Kingdom Theme Park for about 9 months and prior to my role here I ran a business called Adventures by Disney. Has anyone ever heard of it? Probably not many… it’s a relatively new business for Disney. In simplest form, Adventurers by Disney is a guided tour operator for families. So, we are charged with bringing families from the United States to some of the most fantastic places around the world. In fact, if you have a “bucket‑list” destination in your head right now – Adventures By Disney very likely goes there. Costa Rica? Italy? Maybe South Africa or Scotland? Yup, we go to all of these places. Now, what if I told you that ABD has a trip to Egypt? And what if I told you that the trip was introduced shortly before the revolution took place in Egypt about two years ago? And, then,

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what if I told you that only a few months after the revolution, 6 families from the US got on a plane and flew to Cairo for a 12-day experience? Well, they did. And I had decided to join these families in Egypt. I arrived earlier to run through the itinerary and mitigation plans that we had in place. So, when the families arrived to our hotel from the Cairo airport I met each one of them individually. There were families with kids as young as 11. There were families that had never traveled outside of the US – they never had passports! There were grandparents and couples. But they all said the same thing to me as we checked them into the hotel… “the only reason we are here in Egypt is because Disney is here…”. Wow. If that’s not a testament to the power of our brand and reputation, I don’t know what is. And…wow, think of the responsibility that comes along with the trust that we have generated. My shoulders felt very heavy as I stood there in downtown Cairo… This experience literally changed my perspective on what it means to be part of a powerful brand. It also changed my perspective on how it is possible to influence a guest’s behavior in incredible ways. And, it didn’t take Fairytale Castles or Mickey Mouse to change that behavior. Just trust. Trust in our ability to provide them a level of service that we have become famous for. That level of service wouldn’t be possible without our world‑class Cast.

Our level of service/the people Our Company’s founder, Walt Disney, once said, “You can dream, create, design and build the most wonderful place in the world, but it takes people to make the dream a reality.” That con-

tinues to hold true today. The more than 66,000 Cast Members that work at the Walt Disney World Resort all play a vital role in our Guest’s experience. Now this may come as a surprise to you, but I am likely not as versed in the animal world as many of you. When I hear Dr. Mark or Dr. Jackie talk about the gestation period of a rhino, or the vocal tracking of an elephant, I sit in awe and soak it all up. They are the right people to do what they do. I encourage you to find the right people and have them connect your Guests with your animals….and that doesn’t mean they need to know the difference between a Masai and Reticulated giraffe. They just need to have passion. Let me tell you about a 7-year‑old boy named Russell who visited us at Disney’s Animal Kingdom. Russell loved his visit to Disney’s Animal Kingdom and discovered while he was here that Disney helps to protect animals. He told his mom he wanted to help too, and decided to contribute some of the money he had saved to buy souvenirs to the Disney Worldwide Conservation Fund. That alone would make a great story, but here’s what happened next. Some time later, we received a letter from Russell and his mom after they had returned home. I’d like to read this letter to you. “Dear Disney Worldwide Conservation Fund. I asked for money to help animals for my birthday. Please use this money to help animals. Thank you, Russell.” In a note accompanying the letter, Russell’s mom told us that, in addition to asking for money to help animals instead of gifts for himself for his birthday, Russell also wanted to participate in volunteer projects to help protect animals and nature. Now the letter doesn’t say who Russell talked to that inspired him, or what it was that

made him feel so passionate, but I am going to venture to say it probably wasn’t someone who would identify themselves as an animal expert. But yet, it was someone who had passion for our park’s mission and believed that no matter what age, they could make a difference. If it hadn’t been for that Cast Member, or maybe a variety of Cast Members, taking the time to talk to Russell his experience may have looked very different. Russell ended up donating what I believe was a few hundred dollars to directly support the work Disney is doing in the wild, and that’s all because of the Cast Members he interacted with.

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I feel privileged to work at a place that has inspired so many of our guests to care for wildlife and nature as a result of the Cast Members they encounter and the stories they are told while visiting Disney’s Animal Kingdom Theme Park.

Storytelling I’ve heard it said that your brain reacts the same way when you hear a story as it would if it was a lived experience. That is why stories are so memorable. We encourage our Cast to share stories with our Guests in hopes that they make a connection with them. Think back to the Russell story. The Cast likely shared a story with Russell that made a difference. Now if you don’t know him, I encourage you to meet Dr. Mark Penning. The stories he tells makes me feel like I experienced things along side him. I’ll never forget when I first walked into one of our aviaries with him. STORY: Personal story about how Josh had walked the aviary before not really seeing anything and then when he walked with Dr. Mark and heard stories about the birds, etc he saw so much more.

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Conclusion We continually strive to deliver new and exciting innovations to surprise and delight our Guests, but at the end of the day, our Guests visit us because of our reputation, because of the Cast who will deliver great Guest service and because of the memories they will walk away with from the stories they are told. When these three things align, we are able to increase the conservation work we are able to do in the wild because we have the support of the Guests who believe in us. Our Company’s CEO, Bob Iger, once said, “What sets Disney apart more than anything else is the strength of our brands.” So do you have to be the size or have the same big brand as Walt Disney World to make a real impact? No. But I encourage you to focus on the same three criteria that will build your brand and connect your guests to employees and experiences that will leave them with lasting memories, the desire to be repeat visitors and the passion to make a difference for the world around them. So…It’s not our size, it’s the way we do business that makes us successful. The goal is that people don’t just experience Disney’s Animal Kingdom. They are changed by it.

ALPZA Contribution to Conservation in Latin America. Jacome, N. L.1, Barros, Y.2, Bairrão Ruivo, E.3, Cruz, J. B.4, Righi, C.5, Hidalgo, E.6, Carrillo, L.7, Astore, V.1

Introduction The Latin American Association of Zoos and Aquariums (APZA) was created 23 years ago, in 1990, and is the most important regional organism that includes the most prestigious and influential zoological institutions in Latin America. Its goal is to facilitate the association among its members, looking for a sustainable life model, integrating the efforts of the Latin American region to the global conservation goals. Currently, ALPZA has 73 members (51 institutions) from 20 countries, inside and outside Latin America.

1 Buenos Aires Zoo, Argentina 2 Parque Das Aves, Brazil 3 Conservation Association Beauval et Recherche & ZooParc de Beauval, France 4 Sao Paulo Zoo, Brazil 5 Fundación Temaikén, Argentina 6 Buin Zoo, Chile 7 Zoofari, Mexico.

The ALPZA Conservation Committee guidelines were established in 2008, in order to promote and encourage ALPZA members to develop their skills, talents and resources towards biodiversity conservation and to integrate the conservation efforts of the Latin‑American region with global conservation goals.

Actions and results Certification: recognizing the good conservation programs

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In order to recognize, support and guide the conservation efforts of ALPZA members, the Conservation Committee put in place a certification process for conservation programs that achieve a high quality level. To be certificated by ALPZA, conservation programs must fulfill several criteria, which allow the committee to evaluate the effectiveness of the projects. The Conservation Committee has evaluated several conservation projects, and until now, two have been certified. • International Conservation Program for the White‑footed tamarin, Saguinus leucopus in Colombia (ALPZA CP # 1, 2011): The International Conservation Program for the White ‑footed tamarin, Saguinus leucopus in Colombia is a joint conservation program between European and Colombian institutions members of EAZA (European Association of Zoos and Aquaria) and ACOPAZOA (Colombian Association of Zoos and Aquaria), which was initiated in 2005 with the main goal of preserving the white‑footed tamarin (Saguinus leucopus), an endemic primate to Colombia, recently listed as Endangered by the IUCN Red

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List. The species inhabits a small area of Colombia (15,000 km2), the smallest distribution of all species of Saguinus genus, and which does not occur in any protected reserve. The main threats to the species are habitat loss and illegal trade. Currently, there are 22 EAZA members and 8 Colombian zoos (all members of ACOPAZOA) actively involved on the program. In 2009 the WCS (Wildlife Conservation Society) joined the program mainly to help for the development of in situ activities, and on this year ACOPAZOA became the coordinator of the program on a national level. The program was able to integrate ex situ and in situ activities, education and research in a comprehensive manner. A capacity building programme was established in order to improve the captive management of the species. A captive breeding program was put in place in Colombia, with standardization of veterinary and nutritional procedures. Education activities and programmes have been developed both in zoos and in areas where the species occurs. Finally, an important programme started in 2010 in order to establish updated distribution and density of the species in the whole country and to evaluate the health and status and genetic diversity of the remaining population in order to establish an action plan for the conservation of the species in the wild and to buy land to create the first protected area to the species. • Andean Condor (Vultur gryphus) Conservation Program in Argentina (ALPZA PC # 2, 2012) – The Andean Condor (Vultur gryphus), the largest flying bird of the world, was abundant in the past, this emblematic animal, symbolic link with our cultural past, has unfortunately become a conservation challenge. Therefore, in August 1991 the Buenos Aires Zoo and the Bioandina Foundation created the Andean

Condor Conservation Program (PCCA), conducted under the bi‑national program between Chile and Argentina. The PCCA carried out genetic studies and created a Studbook to the captive population in Latin‑America. The project develops artificial incubation programs, breeding techniques under human isolation and works with the rescue and rehabilitation of wild condors. So far, the international conservation program reintroduced 124 specimens in South America. The use of radio telemetry and satellite transmission, associated with intense field work, led to the development of a specific geographic information system, as part of the Intergraph Registered Research Laboratory. It was also created a special software, named Decosat, a flight simulator program that helps to understand the patterns of their movement. This technology made possible to get data on the use of the environment by the condors, their roosting sites, flight capacity and habitat preference. This scientific information guides the decision making for the conservation of these fabulous birds and the balance of their majestic ecosystem. The local indigenous communities used to honor and live in harmony with this species in the past, and before each release, ancestral ceremonies are performed by them. They make prays in their native language, as a message of respect for all forms of life, and in this way the Spirit of the Andes returns to its place.

Divulgation A Conservation Journal (in Portuguese and Spanish) is published on a regular basis, to divulge the conservation efforts made by ALPZA members. This publication is available on APLZA website.

Capacity building and scholarships The ALPZA Conservation Committee has organized and conducted various training and capacity building workshops and lectures in the last years, both theoretical and practical, during the APLZA Congresses.

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A network of 34 specialists in 23 institutions on 9 countries (France, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Chile, Argentina, Brazil and Mexico), which as consultants in several areas of conservation biology was established, and a data base with data on conservation programmes developed by ALPZA members.

Fundraising The ALPZA Conservation Committee developed fundraising campaigns and strategies to generate funds for conservation. Thanks to the collaboration of São Paulo Zoo, T‑shirts and cards were designed and printed to be sold during the annual meetings of the association. Additionally, auctions are held during the ALPZA Congresses.

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Establishment of Institutional Partnerships In order to integrate the regional conservation efforts within a global framework of action, the ALPZA Conservation Committee has a representative on the WAZA Conservation and Sustainability Committee. Both projects accredited by ALPZA received also the WAZA branding. Latin‑America is one of the most bio‑diverse regions of the planet. Therefore, ALPZA and its Conservation Committee, conscious of the role they should play in the context of global conservation, will continue to work together with its members to address the environmental challenges that threaten all forms of life in the planet in general and especially in our region.

We Help Them to Survive: En Route to the Wandering Bus Miroslav Bobek, Prague Zoo

Prague Zoo runs a bus line, one that begins five thousand kilometers from the Zoo’s entrance. We named this bus the Wandering Bus, because it doesn’t have a strictly defined route. Although its base is in the little town of Somalomo, Cameroon, next to the entrance of the Dja Biosphere Reserve, the Bus embarks with school children and their escorts from nearby villages to visit the primate rescue stations in Mefou near Yaoundé, the capital of Cameroon, or in Limbe. This project is so far the highlight of our attempt to contribute to the protection of Western Lowland Gorillas and their habitat in Central Africa. Prague Zoo has been breeding Western Lowland Gorilla for exactly 50 years. And for 40 years we have been connected to the region of Dja Biosphere Reserve by an almost forgotten story. Just recently an eminent pediatric oncologist, Professor Josef Koutecký, reminded me of it. In 1973, Prague Zoo received two gorilla babies. One of them was fine, but a cherry‑sized growth was discovered on the other one’s pelvis. At first, this was thought to be a tumour, and so Professor Koutecký took charge of the case. He discovered that it was in fact a flattened bullet which had probably ricocheted off a tree and

then struck the young gorilla. It is likely that both the babies had been captured in a way that had already been prohibited – by shooting the mothers and taking the babies away. The place of their origin was said to be the town of Sangmelima, Cameroon, so it is probable that the gorilla babies and their families fell victim to poachers in the Dja region. Coincidentally, the Wandering Bus operates in the area, where we can still feel the weight of this old, tragic debt.

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Western Lowland Gorillas were, of course, always popular with the visitors of Prague Zoo, but only in the last decade has their popularity reached tremendous and unexpected dimensions. The popularity of gorillas in Prague and Czech Republic grew rapidly after the birth of the first gorilla baby – Moja – in 2004, and the launch of The Revealed project in 2005. In this project, Czech Public Radio, where I worked at the time, parodied the popular reality shows – Big Brother or VyVolení – featured on Czech TV stations. Our Revealed, broadcast over radio, TV and internet, followed the life of the gorilla family in Prague Zoo. Its aim was not merely to illustrate the absurdity of the television entertainment programs, but foremost to present information about the life of Western Lowland Gorillas and raise funds for their protection in their natural habitat. This “slightly different reality show”, as we called it, aroused enormous public attention, and it continues in a modified form till today. Support for in situ projects doesn’t have a very long or rich tradition in the Czech Republic, nor has fundraising targeted to the general public. For The Revealed, we raised funds through donation sms’s, in which people voted for the win-

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Some Africans believe that gorilla meat gives them strength, decisiveness and manliness. With easier access to tropical rainforest and a growing number of people living in adjacent areas, gorillas are also increasingly at risk of dying in traps set for other animals. Many Africans know gorillas only as meat on a plate, meat connected with a lot of myths, but they don’t know them as fascinating living beings. Following the example of the Limbe Wildlife Centre, we decided to show especially the children of Central Africa how important it is to protect gorillas and their habitat.

Wandering bus on tour. | © Khalil_Baalbaki

ners of our “slightly different reality show”, and through the sale of souvenirs related to gorillas and The Revealed. The most popular item was a pair of black underwear blazoned with the message “The Revealed”. It was even mentioned by the Los Angeles Times. We used the funds raised over the course of several months by our “slightly different reality show” to support the Limbe Wildlife Centre in Cameroon, which – as you know – cares for gorillas and other primates confiscated from poachers. Later, we decided to visit the Centre to show our Czech donors how their money was being used. I consider it essential to provide detailed information about the collected funds, including for what purpose, how and by whom they are used, with maximal dissemination of this information across media, especially social media. Although this seems to be self‑evident, this approach is

not always the case even with projects realized by international organizations and associations. Our visit to the Limbe Wildlife Centre crucially influenced the project. By chance, we became aware of a very important thing. Sitting in the hotel, while editing some photos I had taken earlier that day in the Limbe Wildlife Centre, I became aware of someone looking over my shoulder. I turned around and saw a middle ‑aged woman. She immediately apologized and said: “You know, I have never realized how beautiful gorillas are, and how they are similar to us people.” At this forum I surely don’t have to explain why I considered her words to be so important. Of course, gorillas are endangered primarily due to the destruction of tropical rain forests. But there is one more important cause: thousands of gorillas are eaten in central Africa each year.

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First – still within The Revealed – we began to prepare TV stories and later books of gorilla fairy tales for a Czech audience. The most famous contemporary Czech singer, Lucie Bílá, volunteered to narrate these stories and perform their songs, and they were published on a CD. Our experiences in Cameroon later led to the idea to prepare a special edition for Cameroonian school children. Two thousand books in English and two thousand in French were published and distributed on cars and motorbikes to schools together with questionnaires for teachers in 2008 and 2009. The success was surprising and binding. I was moved when I learned that in one village the teacher was reading the book to illiterate adults. For the Cameroonian children just the experience of having a book, printed in high quality, was crucial and the pictures and stories of the gorillas engaged their interest. When I became the director of the Zoo and declared in situ projects as one of our priorities, it was clear that this activity would continue. But first we had to raise money and create public support – which is, indeed, a never‑ending process.

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Prague Zoo strives to support law enforcement; for several years we have provided equipment to the ecoguards of the Dja Biosphere Reserve. We help local people to develop a sustainable relationship to nature and raise their awareness of the importance of its protection. Most of our activities are focused in this direction, starting with the distribution of the gorilla fairy tales. After the first edition of fairy tales for Cameroon, the audio version was recorded and broadcast on selected Cameroon radio stations.

Limbe Wildlife Center. | © Khalil_Baalbaki

First, we agreed with our governing body, the City of Prague, that two Crowns, which is about 10 cents, from each entrance fee would be used for in situ projects. Of course, we sell a lot of souvenirs, including a DVD about gorillas, but we also organize special events. From 2010, a ’Gorilla Run’ is held each May in Prague. The proceeds from the race entrance fee are dedicated to our activities in central Africa. In the same year, we began to collect end‑of ‑life mobile phones in our and other Czech zoos. The company REMA Systém guarantees that each phone is recycled, and pays CZK 10 for each one, which is about 50 cents. Our current achievement is that we could donate to central Africa 2.8 million Crowns – which is almost one hundred and fifty thousand US dollars. It is – especially for Czech Republic – a lot of money on one side, yet still very little on the other side.

The central African countries are developing rapidly, and this requires a new and sophisticated attitude to the protection of nature in the region. From this point of view, Western Lowland Gorilla is the flagship species. The first precondition for preserving for the future the unique nature of Central Africa and also wild gorillas is establishment of a network of sufficiently large protected areas.

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And then the second edition of the book came out, literally in response to the request of African school teachers. This edition was only in French; fifteen thousand copies were produced. During 2011, the books were distributed to schools in the forest areas of Cameroon, Central African Republic, Gabon and Congo – Brazzaville, covering practically the entire range of Western Lowland Gorilla. Each school class received only a few books. But this time we also wanted each child to receive something for him or herself only: with each book we distributed a folding brochure with eight pictures of gorillas featuring educational texts on the back side. One hundred and twenty thousand pupils received one picture each.

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The second precondition is having strong legal protections and the capability to enforce the law. The third is to convince local people to support nature protection. And finally, the fourth is to offer an alternative source of livelihood to local people, who often live on hunting or poaching.

One of the motifs from the book of gorilla fairy tales was then illustrated further in coloring book that told a story about clever gorillas, startled elephants and punished poachers. As with the fairy tales, the coloring books were also a completely new experience and a great gift for the children.

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The destination of the first journey was Limbe Wildlife Centre. The Wandering Bus reached it after a two day journey. The children and their accompanying parents were astonished by what they saw. Everything was new for them, for example, the changes in vegetation along the route or the number of houses in towns. And their first meeting with gorillas filled both the children and parents with enthusiasm and awe. But it is not only about meeting gorillas and other animals. Experienced educators in both the centres use entertaining ways to provide pupils from Dja with important and interesting information, and so they reshape their attitudes, which is the biggest hope for future.

Personalized copies of the gorilla book used in schools. | © Miroslav Bobek

Next, the Wandering Bus arrived. After reading the books, some of the village children wanted to see gorillas. This wish became the breeding ground for the Wandering Bus project. The idea is simple: a bus brings school children from the vicinity of the Dja Biosphere Reserve to the rescue stations in Limbe or Mefou, where they can have a close look at gorillas, undergo educational programs and gain an indelible experience during the several days long journey. The idea aroused extraordinary interest in Cameroon. For the purposes of the project, we received, for free use, part of the base in Somalomo at the edge of Dja, which serves for accommodation as well as office space. Cooperation with the guards of the Dja Biosphere Re-

serve is also essential. The bus itself is a Toyota Coaster, formerly used to transport the pupils of a girls’ school in Saudi Arabia. The first journey of the Wandering Bus was preceded by long and detailed negotiations with local authorities and the parents, and kicked off with a football match between two Somalomo teams. The famous Czech midfielder, Karel Poborský, took part playing in rotation for both local teams. He called attention to the Wandering Bus, and certainly added credibility to the project. Local people had been disappointed on previous occasions by international aid received in various forms. Karel Poborský, who remains very popular in Cameroon, helped us overcome doubts and suspicions.

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The journeys of the Wandering Bus are followed by the work of the Ecoclub Friends of Dja, founded by us, which continues to work with children while strengthening the link between the reserve guards and local people. So far more than one hundred and forty children have participated in the journey of the Wandering Bus. They have mostly visited Mefou, where they attended the education program. The Wandering Bus should run at least for four years. We are now preparing additional education activities, which will follow the project. We also have opened the base in Somalomo to scientists. The first scientific project there focused on ethno‑zoological research. Its results will be very important for us in our practical work.

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We welcome everyone who would like to cooperate with us on this creative and rewarding natural and educational preservation project. Back to the Table of Contents

Efforts to Bring Back from the Brink – Vulture Conservation Breeding Programme in India, Central Zoo Authority Bishan Singh Bonal, IFS

The Government of India established the Central Zoo Authority in the year 1992 to oversee the functioning of the zoos in the country and to enforce the minimum standards of upkeep and care of animals. Based on the National Zoo Policy adopted in 1998, the main objective of the Zoos was to complement and strengthen the national efforts in conservation of rich biodiversity of the country particularly wild fauna. This objective could be achieved by supporting the Conservation Breeding Programme of endangered species to raise their stocks and rehabilitating them in wild. The planned Conservation Breeding Programme of critically endangered species is the flagship programme of the Authority. The Authority has been helping various zoos to take up the Conservation Breeding Programmes by organizing workshops for the zoo personnel in various aspects of establishing such programmes including appropriate housing, and husbandry and care of captive animals and birds.

The Central Zoo Authority, in consultation with the Chief Wildlife Wardens, in situ conservation Managers and Zoo Directors had identified 73 endangered species for the Conservation Breeding Programme out of which 26 species have been prioritized for launching conservation breeding program by Central zoo Authority. The three species of once abundant Gyps vultures, White‑backed vulture, Long‑billed vulture and Slender‑billed vulture are now on the verge of extinction. They are now critically endangered and on the priority list of Conservation Breeding Programme of the Central Zoo Authority. The Central Zoo Authority supported the establishment of five Vulture Conservation Breeding Centres in different zoos namely Van Vihar Zoo, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh; Nandankanan Zoological Park, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha; Sakkarbaug Zoo, Junagadh, Gujarat; Nehru Zoological Park, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh and Muta Zoo, Ranchi, Jharkhand. The vulture breeding center, Pinjore one of the three centers of state forest department has been identified as coordinating zoo.

Vultures in sub‑continent Vultures are obligate scavengers that means that they never ever hunt but take dead meat. They are highly mobile and could reach the dead animals within minutes. They are evolved for scavenging and could eat as much as their body weight if there is abundance of food and can go hungry for days. They were in large numbers in India because most of us are non‑beef eater and so most of the cattle die a natural death. They are skinned and thrown out in open. The vulture would descend as soon as an animal dies and would strip the carcass of full grown adult ungulate within minutes.

Nine species of vultures are recorded from the sub‑continent. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

White‑backed Vulture Gyps bengalensis, Long‑billed Vulture G. indicus, Slender‑billed Vulture G. tenuirostris, Indian Griffon Vulture G. fulvus, Himalayan Griffon G. himalayensis, King Vulture Sarcogyps calvus, Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus, Cinereous Vulture Aegypius monachus, Bearded Vulture Gypaetus barbatus

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The first five species belong to genus Gyps and they feed on the soft tissue and visceral organ of the animals and they occur in large numbers. The King Vulture and Cinereous Vulture feed on the tough skin and meat and could open carcass of a large ungulate. The Egyptian Vulture is the smallest of the all and it feed on the tendons and muscles sticking to bones after other vultures have eaten and they also feed on the scats of the large mammalian scavengers. So together they do a thorough cleaning job and nothing of the animals remains for purification. The Beared Vulture is usually found in high mountains and prefers feeding on the bone marrow of big bones after he drops them on a rock from a height.

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Vultures in India

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The talk mainly deals with the three resident Gyps species of vultures that were once very common and are now on the brink of extinction in the country. Vultures were very common in India till a couple of decades ago. As clear from the picture taken in the heart of Delhi city near a slaughter house dump during early eighties. There was an estimated population of about 40 million in the country in early eighties but now less than hundred thousand remains.

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The Population of resident Gyps vultures crashed in mid nineties and by 1996, we had lost 90% of the population and by 2007, 99% population had disappeared. The annual rate or decline recorded was more than 43% for White ‑backed Vulture, when annual mortality of over 5% can cause extinction. An estimated population of One Thousand Slender‑billed Vulture, 12 thousand White‑backed Vulture and 44 thousand Long‑billed Vulture remained in the wild by 2007. White‑ backed vulture: The White‑backed Vulture has its distribution in South and South East Asia. Its population crashed in South‑East Asia almost thirty years ago but from South Asia the population declined by mid nineties. The vultures are slow breeding birds and lay only one egg per year and nest on trees. Both the sexes share all the responsibility almost equally like nest building, incubation and rearing of the nestlings. It is critically endangered based on IUCN criteria. Long‑ billed vulture: This species was very common two decades ago and it has its distribution only in India except for a small population in Pakistan. They nest on cliffs and are slow breeding and long living like the White‑backed Vultures. There population also crashed during the mid nineties. It is critically endangered according to IUCN criteria. Slender‑billed vulture: This is probably the rarest vulture in the world with only 1000 individuals left in wild. In India it was found north of Gangetic plains from Himachal to Assam but it is now confined largely to Assam. It nests of trees and like other Gyps lays only one egg per year. It is also critically endangered according to the IUCN criteria.

Initiatives by government of India The Government of India brought out the Action Plan for Vulture Conservation in India in 2006 based on the Recovery Plan released in 2004 at Parwanoo and International Conference of Vulture Conservation at Delhi in 2006. and recommended for ban on the Drug diclofenac, a non‑steroidal anti‑inflammatory drug which was found the main cause of vulture mortality by Government of India. Five Conservation Breeding Centers were set up by the State Government with the support and guidance of Central Zoo Authority and technical support of Bombay Natural History Society. In 2011, a Workshop was organized at VCBC, Pinjore and a working manual for Vulture Conservation Breeding was prepared. In 2012 a symposium for developing regional response was organized sponsored by CZA in collaboration with, IUCN, WII at New Delhi and regional declaration was formulated also formed a regional steering committee and National Vulture Recovery Committee. The progress was reviewed and training in best practice in husbandry and care was imparted periodically by the CZA.

Conservation breeding programme Number of vultures The first question when the Vulture Conservation Breeding Programme was taken up was to find out the number of birds required to be bred and released so that they could form a viable population and would be able to perform their ecological role. The help of a deterministic

model was taken to arrive at the numbers of founders and expected number of vultures to be released in wild. A population of 600 pairs of each of the three species was considered as a viable population with 25 pairs of each of the three species at one centre that will be able to produce a population of 100 pairs of each of the species in the fifteen years minimum Six centres need to be set up to produce 600 pairs.

Age composition

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As it is important to have known age birds in a conservation breeding programme, it was decided to take most of the birds as nestlings or juveniles (70%). It is possible to age a vulture till it is 4–5 years old, sub‑adult (15%). The young birds are also known to take to captivity easily. Some adult birds (15%) are also required to act as guide birds for breeding as well as in the release programme. Some extra birds are required to be housed to take care of incompatibility between the birds of a pair or mortality.

Infrastructure The birds are kept in quarantine aviaries (20 × 20 × 10’) for forty five days under veterinary observation. The aviaries are five km from the main centre. The birds are moved to nursery aviary (12 × 10 × 8’) if they are nestling or juvenile or to the holding aviary (20 × 20 × 16’). The adults are kept in the colony aviaries (100 × 40 × 20’) where they also nest and breed. The hospital aviary of dimension 10 × 12 × 8’ are used for treating sick birds at the centre.

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The colony aviaries are big and vultures can flap fly from one end to other and keep themselves healthy. The birds are kept in flock of 30–40 birds in the colony aviaries as they are social birds. The food and water is provided from outside to minimize contact with humans. The nestlings and juveniles are also kept in flocks in nursery aviaries to avoid imprinting.

Laboratory Good dedicated labs are maintained at the centers to carry out hematology, biochemistry and other laboratory tests during annual health checks as well as when the bird is found sick. The Vultures are not sexually dimorphic, so molecular sexing is done with the help of DNA.

Capture The Vultures are collected from different parts of the country to get a good genetic diversity. Total 179 (as on 2013) number of vultures are there in the coordinating zoo VCBC, Pinjore.. Hatching of vultures in various centers has been successful over the years. All the species have bred for the first time ever in captivity

Health monitoring Health monitoring is done once a year when all birds are caught and all parameters including hematology is carried out. Sanitation is very important. The aviary are routinely cleaned once in a week. Thorough cleaning is done twice a year.

Feeding

Attempt of double clutching

Only Mammalian food is offered. Average food given is equivalent to 5% of the body weight per day about 3 kg a week. Entire skinned carcasses of goat are given after removing the gut contents. The goats are kept under a week’s observation before slaughtering to make sure there is no diclofeanc in the body of the goat. The diclofenac is extremely toxic to vultures. The drug is excreted out of the body of the treated animals within 72 hours.

Vultures are known to lay only one egg per year, but if the egg is removed within a couple of weeks of laying, they may lay again. Hence, if the first clutch of eggs is removed for artificial incubation, the female may lay a second clutch. The second clutch will be incubated by the parents. This is called double clutching and by this method it is possible to double the breeding success.

Nesting The birds nest in the aviaries as they do in the wild. They prefer ledges with jute matting. The perches are wound with coconut rope to give them a rough surface to perch. This prevents bumble foot. The birds pair for life. Nest building starts in October, eggs are laid in December and the nestling hatch by end of January. Both sexes share all the duties. The incubation period is 55 days and nestling period is 10–120 days

Double clutching (Artificial Incubation increasing Productivity)The need for artificial incubation was felt to save eggs from parental abandonment. Some pairs, especially those breeding for the first time, abandon their eggs due to inexperience and do not incubate. Such eggs can be rescued by artificial incubation. This way the eggs could be saved and production could be increased.

I | Time of collection of eggs

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Between 10–14 days of natural incubation. To assure optimum hatchability and establish an appropriate egg weight loss trend is monitored. Chances of double clutching reduces if eggs are left on nest for 21 days and beyond.

II | Infrastructure 1-Incubator room and incubator The incubation room is thermo‑controlled and the temperature is maintained between 19 to 23°C. with Dimensions of 12 × 10 × 10’. It is thermo‑controlled and without any windows. Relative humidity has to be maintained as low as possible. Eight table top hot air incubators9Octagon) are utilized for incubation which have Forced (moving) air heating system with Simple and highly efficient in temperature and humidity controls Four vulture eggs could be incubated at a time.

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2-Incubation parameters

III| The hatching process

Release program

Handling: That monitors embryonic development determines the stage of incubation, evaluates the egg shell quality, flaws, cracks, yolk quality and mobility as well as progress of the air cell formation and its position. Eggs are weighed once in six days thereafter.

Internal pipping of eggs: As the time of hatching approaches, the embryo attains its maximum size and occupies all space within the egg except the air cell. Pulmonary respiration is initiated by contraction of hatching muscle.

The release sites (Vulture Safe Zones) will be monitored at least for two year to make sure the drug diclofenac is not in the system, food and habitat is available in plenty and there is no other obvious threat to vultures. Soft Release will be attempted where birds will be kept for a period at the release site. The roof will be opened and birds would have the option of flying out. Food will be provisioned first in the aviary and then outside and gradually away from the aviary. Food provisioning will be stopped once they find natural carcasses. All the birds will have satellite tags before they are released.

Weighing: Eggs should be weighed after removing from the nest to know their current weight and to calculate their fresh weight. Eggs should lose between 14 to 17%. Weight loss is a physical process of water evaporation through the pores of the egg shell. Weighed once every three days thereafter. Humidity: The eggs were incubated in dry incubators initially. The humidity was increased by adding water if the eggs were found to be losing more weight whereas the humidity was decreased if the eggs were not losing enough weight. Temperature: Temperature range from 36.3˚C to 36.9˚C for all the three species. It is recorded every hour and round the clock to keep a check on voltage fluctuation. Once incubation begins, embryo can survive temporary drops in temperature but an increase of even 0.5 ˚C for a few hours can prove fatal. Turning of eggs: An important parameter is done using automatic egg turning cradle that rocks the whole incubator from side to side thus turning the eggs every hour. The eggs were also turned manually three times a day along the longest axis to facilitate normal membrane development and nutrient uptake and to prevent the embryo from sticking to the inside of the shell.

External pipping: Occurs when the egg tooth pierces the shell leading to a crack in the shell. The egg is shifted to the hatcher in brooder room set at 36˚C with water in the capillaries to limit the drying of shell membranes which could restrict the embryos’ movement. c‑Hatching‑ Hatching occurs as embryo pushes out of shell. Chick kept in Nursery aviary from 3rd day onwards for some time for exposure to sunlight for Vitamin D3. Nestling’s eye sight develops by the 10th day and fed in the brooder after 10th day. Nestlings are kept in groups of 2–3 so as to imprint on each other.

IV‑Feeding the nestlings A newly hatched nestling is not fed anything for the first 12 hours as it draws food from its yolk sac. On the 2nd day it is fed only 2 grams of meat three times. Nestling is weighed before feeding and after every meal. Feeding times are fixed and strictly followed. Over feeding can be more harmful than under.

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Acknowledgements Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India; Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, UK; Darwin Initiative for the Survival of Species, UK;, International Centre for Birds of Prey, UK;, Zoological Society of London, UK; Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly; Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun; Forest Departments of U.P., U. T, Haryana, West Bengal, Assam, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Jharkhand.

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Sustainable Zoo Maria Clara Dominguez, Cali Zoo

At the beginning (30 years ago) the Cali Zoological Foundation received a totally unviable zoo. This zoo has now become one of South America’s most prestigious Zoological institutions. To go even further, we are now directing part of our efforts to turn the Zoo into a “sustainable institution”. We believe firmly that it is our duty to leave to the forthcoming generations an eco – friendly planet. In doing so we are thinking about our own kids and resorting to our passion to devote all our energies to form better human beings to occupy our planet.

institution provides a marketing edge. Our customers are demanding eco – friendly institutions. In the third place (but not necessarily less important that the first two) are the regulatory demands. There is a gradual tightening of environmental legislation and regulations. However there is another reason, perhaps a more compelling one, to speak about sustainability in the Zoological institutions, and it is the fact that our zoos can become a platform to promote the idea of sustainability in the future generations. We are the place where children, youngsters and parents, together, connect with nature. The visit to the zoo becomes an opportunity to instill the idea that there is a new form of relating to nature through sustainability. But how do we go as far as Zoos are concerned? We devise a plan: In the Cali zoo we started with 5 simple steps: 1.

Our institution’s Mission is: “We strive to create unforgettable experiences and make our passion for life contagious” On the other hand our Vision is “Our actions have contributed to create welfare scenarios for human and wildlife communities. We are a platform that supports the construction of environmental commitment”. In general, when institutions think of sustainability they do it for three reasons: First, there are economic reasons; it is imperative to reduce operating costs. We are required by our budgets to cut energy, water, solid waste disposal bills etc. Secondly is marketing. To be an eco friendly

We diagnosed all processes and activities in which, we utilize water and energy resources, and evaluated, all residues generated by the Park. All water and energy utilization was carefully accounted for in each building and exhibit. What were our consumption peaks, how much plastic was discarded, how much trash we produced. We had to have exact information. We identified our most important “hotspots” where a reduction could easily and more efficiently be achieved for each of our products, processes or activities. With that information, decisions could be made, as to where and how to reduce water and power requirements.

We designed and implemented a reduction plan for our environmental footprint. We established, yearly goals and we make month ‑by‑month evaluations. These evaluations will necessarily lead to further actions and improvements. 4. We are designing and implementing compensation projects for the Cali River Basin and the surrounding communities; we have to acknowledge that we depend on what is produced by others. The Zoo in Cali is alongside the Cali River, and we are working in the reforestation of its basin, for that purpose we have devised workshops with public schools and started community education programs. 5. Lastly we need to communicate what we are doing to our public and our communities in order to elicit interest and promote replication of our actions. We are devising a special tour through our facilities to show to the public our environmentally friendly activities. I will become a new and very interesting experience for our visitors. 3.

At the end all this is neither costly nor complicated. It is, nevertheless, not easy. It all boils down to method. In the first place we go for actions that are relatively cheap and can be easily implemented. Second we implement actions that can be financed with our own funds. And thirdly we go for the most expensive things that require external funding. We provided capacitation to our staff and made them part of our sustainability watch team.

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• Our city’s environmental authority will fund the third stage. • There are no magic formulas for sustainability. • Each Zoo has to devise, its own plan tailored to its own needs. • The plan must be authentic and overall credible… • It must be adapted to its own circumstances • Without having to resort to extravagant measures, it must be simple • And especially it must be intelligent and clearly oriented. By 2014, in Cali, we will have implemented an intelligent and responsible water management system and waste disposal, and we will become a platform of citizens’ education for a sustainable community. Currently, in the Cali Zoo we have re – seeded the dry forest around us, we have a drip irrigation system and we built a potable water plant using the river water. We have started a Solid Waste Disposal System and with it we are producing our own organic fertilizer. We will be constructing a residual water treatment facility, and will evaluate implementing solar energy. This is how we are doing it and this is how we will become not only a environmentally friendly zoo, but overall a decisive factor for our community to become an eco friendly one.

The Arabian Connection – The Arabian Zoo and Aquarium Association Mark Craig, Al Ain Zoo, United Arab Emirates

In December 2012 zoos and aquariums from the Arabian Peninsula and North Africa were invited to Al Ain Zoo in the United Arab Emirates with the hope of forming a Zoo and Aquarium Association. This bold step and innovative idea was as a direct result of the vision and leadership of Al Ain Zoo’s Director General Mr. Ghanim Al Hajeri. The idea of creating a Zoo and Aquarium Association within the Middle East region was not new with previous attempts failing to gain interest or being too complicated. Mr. Ghanim’s idea was simple but bold in its execution. To invite and host senior representatives from Zoos and Aquariums within the region, under one roof with one plan. To ask of our colleagues if there was a desire and need to form an Association that would represent the needs of the region’s zoo and aquarium community. From this beginning and with a relatively short organizing time of 5 weeks the first regional networking meeting was organized

with the one hope of forming an Association under one plan that all participants would have ownership of. The goals we set ourselves, as the host of this historic regional meeting were • To bring together for the first time representatives from the major Zoos and Aquariums in the region to share their values and mission with each other. • To establish a network in which everyone would feel comfortable with communication and sharing of common ideas. • To recognise that it is a distinct advantage to be part of a networking forum that gives strength to individual institutions as a member. • To establish support and need of a regional zoo and aquarium association. Dates were fixed that met the ambitious requirements of Al Ain Zoo as the host and that would also enable as many participants from regional countries to attend. This was 11–13 December 2012 but proved difficult for proposed facilitators to attend from outside the region as this was too close to the Christmas holiday period and at too short a notice. Quite quickly it was decided that we, Al Ain Zoo would not only host but also facilitate. After all we had come through the CBSG school of workshop facilitation by trial and error in which ‘everyone participates no one dominates, listen to each other and treat everyone with respect’

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Delegates arrived from Bahrain, Jordan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates and Morocco. Three international guest speakers were also invited to share their various experience in establishing an Association or coordinating and running one. They also assisted significantly in roundtable facilitation and providing valuable information on the challenges and successes of membership associations. The guest speakers were • Dr. Gerald Dick – Executive Director of WAZA • Dr. Sally Walker – Director / Founder Zoo Outreach Organisation and the South Asian Zoo Association for Regional Cooperation (SAZARC) • Dr. Stephen Van Der Spuy – Executive Director African Association of Zoos & Aquaria The historic meeting was officially opened by Mr. Ghanim Al Hajeri, Director General, Al Ain Zoo with the following words. We invite you all to enjoy Al Ain, our Zoo and discussions amongst yourselves on the values we all embrace in working and managing Zoos and Aquariums in this region. On animal management, education, conservation and indeed the business of running institutions that have animals as their core business and the communities that visit and enjoy the connections with wildlife they embrace. We have representatives from all over the region here. These include Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Jordan, Morocco and of course the UAE. In all, over 35 delegates with a common passion – Zoos and Aquariums.

It is indeed a gathering of Zoo and Aquarium expertise from this region that until now has never previously met under the same roof. It is for this reason alone that we can celebrate. However we would like to go a step further. Not only to congratulate ourselves for being here but also to capture this moment and the energy in this room to develop a framework of understanding where the idea of working together on our shared challenges far out ways the individual problems we may face by working on our own. A recent statistic tells us that every year some 800 million visitors make the decision to visit a zoo, animal park or aquarium at least once in a year worldwide. If we ever thought our institutions were a thing of the past or declining in popularity we are hugely mistaken. Zoos and Aquariums are more popular with the world community than ever before. Their mission of Education, Conservation, Research and Recreation are the cornerstone of why they remain so popular today and relevant in this modern technology world. However they must remain relevant. Move with the times, embrace modern techniques of species management. Engage with partners to undertake conservation and education initiatives. To display animals in an environment that best meets their natural behavior. To engage in the best animal husbandry techniques and to make animal welfare our highest priority. To benchmark ourselves on the best zoos in the world and maybe even raise the bar further. If this is our goal then we are taking our responsibilities as custodians of wildlife to the highest of priorities. If we are able to move towards and achieve these goals then the benefits to our financial position and ongoing sustainability will significantly improve.

I believe all these things can be achieved. Not today or the next but over a period of time. What is certain is we cannot do all this alone. We must work together hand in hand as one. Our common strength as a region is stronger than any individual. So my friends and colleagues we have an opportunity over the next few days to work together in reviewing what we have now and what we want in the future. To lay down the framework for a network of regional Zoos and Aquariums and in doing so promote and enhance all the reasons we meet here today for the long term responsible care and wellbeing of the animals we hold in trust. Al Ain Zoo will be hosting the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums Conference in 2015. This will be an honor for us all and the first time such an important conference has been hosted in this region. Let us have this date also as a goal for the establishment and recognition of our own Zoo and Aquarium Association. To take this opportunity now and make history by being the founders of this new Arabian Zoo and Aquarium Association. Each delegate was then introduced and provided a short presentation on their Zoo or Aquarium. The presentations continued throughout the course of the day and provided all delegates with a view of the region’s current status of its Zoos and Aquariums. The following day was devoted to a series of workshop sessions facilitated by Al Ain Zoo staff. A series of questions were asked of each group. All ideas and comments were recorded on flip charts and each table presented the results of their discussions.

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Question 1: What are the major problems facing your Zoo today? Zoos and Aquariums within the region may have different problems that could be related to their Country, funding, management, animal collection, staffing, expertise, language, history etc. What is a problem for one Zoo may not be a problem for another. Question 2: Given the common problems we have just heard from our first discussion, what are the opportunities and benefits that a regional zoo and aquarium network could do to assist? How would a zoo and Aquarium ‘association’ help solve these problems or not. Would working together on these problems be a benefit to individual zoos? This question is to tease out some ideas on the benefits of a network of zoos. Question 3: What do you consider are the strengths within the Arab region that would make a regional zoo and aquarium associa‑ tion possible? What is it within our region that would make an Association work well? Is it geographic location, a shared common language, support from various governments, contacts with WAZA etc. Question 4: What do you think are the chal‑ lenges that need to be overcome to establish a regional zoo and aquarium association in this region? Given all the discussions that have taken place today and based on the summaries of each discussion topic, what are the obvious challenges we will face? However with each challenge comes opportunity.

Conclusion All groups came together for some general discussion. A last question was asked to all delegates: • Do we all support the formation of a region‑ al zoo and aquarium association? There was a unanimous agreement by a show of hands that all supported the formation of a regional zoo and aquarium association. A final question was asked of all delegates. • What would the name of such an associa‑ tion be? A number of names were provided by each table but the preferred and agreed name was the: Arabian Zoo and Aquarium Associa‑ tion (AZAA) At the final session a draft agreement was presented to all delegates. This agreement incorporated the positive comments, general cooperation of delegates and unanimous wish to be part of their own zoo and aquarium association. The agreement was unanimously accepted by all delegates.

We will share information about our animal collections for the benefit of these animals. On return to our countries we will engage with our national institutions on a regular basis. Al Ain Zoo is willing to provide office space and staff time to coordinate communication within the region and to establish a working group of members to move forward in the establishment of our Association.

The Way Forward The following points were discussed and agreed as the way forward over the following 12 months.

A regional Arabian Zoo and Aquarium Association are established.

• Al Ain Zoo to develop a regional office and lead communication and coordination • A group of delegates will form a working committee and draft a framework for membership • Ongoing discussions and a draft Constitution and Code of Ethics to be drawn up • This working group to meet on a regular basis and be in communication • 1st AZAA Conference 10th – 12th December 2013 at which the AZAA draft constitution and Code of Ethics will be presented and discussed • Al Ain Zoo to lead discussions within the UAE for support of a National Zoo and Aquarium Association • By 2015 AZAA to be a fully Regional Association member of WAZA

This organisation will communicate, collaborate and cooperate with its members the strengths and opportunities we all share.

Through 2013 Al Ain Zoo continued with coordinating the various components that make up a fully operational AZAA and included:

Agreement On this day 13th December 2012 at the 1st regional Zoo and Aquarium networking meeting hosted by Al Ain Zoo the delegates agree that:

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The strategic goals of the Association. These can include: To harness the collective knowledge and resources of zoos and aquariums for the benefit of all members to • Promote animal welfare standards • Provide animal exhibit displays that meet the animal’s requirements • To conserve whenever possible biodiversity • To educate the public on animal conservation and exhibit management • To work with each other in a harmonious environment of cooperation and knowledge sharing 2. To establish and maintain community awareness campaigns through community engagement and education. 3. Establish and maintain a regional standard and accreditation system. 4. Develop the effectiveness of species management programs that are disciplined and inclusive 5. Build member’s participation in conservation and education programs through cooperation and collaboration 6. Work to promote the awareness of AZAA within the region and on the world stage 7. Meet the changing needs of the membership 1.

Conclusion The three day meeting and workshop enabled for the first time in the Middle East region a coming together of like‑minded, zoo and aquarium community members that were focused on working together. An environment of cooperation and knowledge sharing was created that placed value in the strength of shared aspirations rather than individual goals. This combined strength of purpose enabled the historic agreement to be made for the establishment of the Arabian Zoo and Aquarium Association. There is a long way to go but a massive first step has been taken. Al Ain Zoo will coordinate this journey for the long term benefit of all regional participants. Special thanks are given to the initiative and vision of Mr. Ghanim, Director General of Al Ain Zoo without whom this first step would not have been possible. Lastly to the Al Ain Zoo team, who organised, coordinated, managed and facilitated the three day meeting. This was achieved with a professionalism that was both seamless and respected.

A Sustainable Journey – Wellington Zoo carboNZero Certification Story Karen Fifield and Amy Hughes – Wellington Zoo and James Luty – Beca

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Introduction Wellington Zoo announced in June it was the first zoo in the world to achieve carboNZero Certification. Established in 1906, Wellington Zoo is New Zealand’s first zoo, and is Wellington’s oldest conservation organisation. With a long track record in making positive and proactive environmental decisions, going carbon neutral was a logical next step for the Zoo. Funded by a Community Internship through the Department of Internal Affairs and ASB Bank, the project work was largely undertaken by James Luty, a Planner at a professional services consultancy Beca. In the initial stages of the project James produced a greenhouse gas inventory as a part of a carbon neutral feasibility study for the Zoo, which outlined the steps required for the Zoo to achieve its carbon neutral goals.

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Wellington Zoo is an excellent advocate for sustainability in the local community. The Zoo is not only a place where visitors can learn about animals, but also an organisation which supports and contributes to local and international conservation initiatives. Climate change has a negative impact on biodiversity so reducing greenhouse gas emissions and pursuing a carbon neutral status was important to the Zoo to help protect wildlife and wild places. Due to an excellent Environmental Management System already in place at the Zoo, the data collection and feasibility study were completed in a very short timeframe. This led to the Zoo’s management team and Board agreeing to pursue full carboNZero certification. Certification was achieved in record time, six weeks after signing up with carboNZero. carboNZero is an internationally accredited greenhouse gas certification program under ISO 14065 which requires its member organisations to not only measure their carbon footprints, but to also commit to reducing their emissions before offsetting any unavoidable emissions. Wellington Zoo chose to invest in EBEX21 which are Kyoto‑compliant carbon credits from regenerating native forest in the Banks Peninsula, a conservation project which fits with the Zoo’s ethos. As a part of the journey toward carboNZero certification, areas where future emissions reductions will make a significant difference to the Zoo’s carbon footprint were identified. It was found that the Zoo’s largest source of emissions is electricity consumption. Things like underfloor heating in the chimpanzee’s caves, two heat pumps in the sunbear den, heat lamps in the meerkat and porcupine enclosure and climate control in The Nest Te Kohanga all have high energy demand, but are essential to maintain high standards of animal welfare. Part of the Zoo’s commitment to being carbon neutral is to continue to increase the efficiency at which it uses power whilst

maintaining the highest standards of care for its animals. At Wellington Zoo all staff are 100% committed to sustainability. All new enclosures and other infrastructure at the Zoo are built with sustainability, including energy efficiency and water use, in mind. Chief Executive Karen Fifield said “It’s an incredible celebration of our commitment to creating a better environment for animals and for all of us. Conservation is at the heart of everything we do at Wellington Zoo. We take our commitment to minimising the environmental impact of our organisation very seriously.” The benefits are not solely environmental, but also educational and economic. Wellington Zoo Trust Chair Ross Martin has highlighted the financial benefits saying, “One of the great things about reducing our greenhouse gas emissions is that environmental sustainability goes hand in hand with financial sustainability, which is very important to us as a charitable trust.

Conservation is at the core of everything done at Wellington Zoo. The Zoo appreciates that it plays a significant part in leading and motivating our visitors and the wider community towards more environmentally aware behaviours and sustainable outcomes. The philosophy of environmental accountability underwrites all Wellington Zoo’s decision making, especially in regards to education, community engagement, building and construction projects, conservation projects and resource use.

The Decision to Pursue Carbon Neutrality Carbon neutrality aligns with two of the six Strategic Elements for Wellington Zoo: 1. 2.

The Wellington Zoo Story Background on Climate Change and Wellington Zoo’s Position It is widely accepted that human activities such as deforestation and the burning of fossil fuels for energy have resulted in unnaturally high concentrations of greenhouse gasses (GHG) in the atmosphere. These gasses (of which carbon dioxide – CO2 – makes up the largest proportion) act to trap warm air that would otherwise be released beyond our atmosphere resulting in the gradual warming of the planet on a global scale. The negative effects associated with this warming (such as the increased frequency of severe weather events and the shifting of habitat zones) are placing increasing pressure on biodiversity worldwide.

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Integrate conservation and sustainability across the organisation Show industry leadership

Put simply, the Zoo considered that carbon neutrality is the right thing to do to minimise its negative impacts on the planet. The Zoo prides itself in being a trend setter in the community for best practice environmental activities. This means that being seen to be reducing its GHG emissions is essential. Going carbon neutral takes this a step further, and helps to lead and inspire other business and organisations to take similar steps to reducing their GHG emissions. Climate change is a global issue, with emissions from New Zealand having an impact globally. By spreading the low carbon message through the community, Wellington Zoo has the opportunity to provide a connection between the actions of individuals in New Zealand with the conservation of endangered species worldwide. Becoming carbon neutral has the potential to provide additional funding opportunities. Whilst this is not the principle motivator for the Zoo to be-

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carbon dioxide equivalent gas (tCO2-e3). Electricity constitutes 57.92% of WZT’s total gross emissions. The next largest emissions source is air travel (15.59%) which is followed closely by landfill waste (9.06%), fuel (7.97%) and freight (4.6%). The remaining emission sources (from ruminants, paper, water, taxis and LPG) make up less than 6% of WZT emissions profile. This is illustrated in Figure 1. Having an understanding of where the majority of the Zoo’s emissions originate is essential for ensuring that emission reduction efforts can be focussed towards activities which are contributing the highest proportion of emissions. Given that the majority of the Zoo’s emissions are from electricity, this is the most significant opportunity to reduce emissions.

Figure 1: WZT GHG emissions by source

come carbon neutral, increased funding would help to finance further work in the sustainability arena, particularly in regards to renewable energy initiatives (which would have the additional benefit of lowering the Zoo’s energy costs). Increasing the Zoo’s sustainable profile in the business community may also open the Zoo up to partnerships with sustainable tourism companies, the growing international ecotourism market and international funding opportunities1. Wellington Zoo is a member of the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA) and the Zoo Aquarium Association (ZAA) for Australasia. WAZA has released a position statement in recognition of the severe threat that human‑induced climate change has on life on Earth2. WAZA have committed to reducing their carbon footprint and addressing climate change issues through their business practices, institutional culture, conservation and research programs. ZAA is in the process of developing a 1 Personal communication with James Araci 2 WAZA climate change position statement

climate change action plan for members and as well ZAA abides by WAZA’s conservations strategy, including its position on climate change. The relationships between Wellington Zoo’s and these associations provide further incentives to align itself with WAZA’s carbon reduction goals. In the eyes of the community there is a strong association between being sustainable and carbon neutrality. Despite the Zoo’s other efforts to be as sustainable as possible, there is the risk of having our sustainable image detracted from by not being seen to purse emissions reduction goals. carboNZero certification, and the brand recognition associated with it, is a public display of the Zoo’s commitment to sustainability.

Wellington Zoo’s Carbon Footprint – 2011/12 Financial Year As a part of the carbon neutral feasibility study the Zoo’s carbon footprint was measured. From July 2011 until June 2012 (FY2011/12) Wellington Zoo emitted approximately 195.14 tonnes of

Figure 2 illustrates the average Zoo power consumption load profiles for FY2011/12. It shows that approximately 2/3 of the electricity consumed by the Zoo can be attributed to ‘baseload consumption’ which occurs independently of staff or visitors being at the Zoo. Power consumption during the day (as a result of staff and visitors being present at the zoo) or ‘active consumption’ only increases electricity consumption by 1/3. This high baseload consumption is due to infrastructure that is left on constantly, such as electric fences, cooling and heating appliances, water pumps and other infrastructure necessary for the Zoo’s operations.

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This information is helpful to indicate where the largest proportion of electricity consumption is located. Whilst there are still benefits from focussing initiatives on reducing daytime power consumption (such as turning off lights, unused computers and appliances) more potent 3 FY2011 – 12 GHG inventory report – WZT and spreadsheet

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Pathway towards Carbon Neutrality There are multiple ways through which an organisation like Wellington Zoo can claim carbon neutrality. Having measured the Zoo’s emissions as a part of the carbon neutral feasibility study, the Zoo had to decide whether gain official certification from a reputable certification agency (such as carboNZero) or self‑declare carbon neutrality. As a part of the carbon neutral feasibility study the advantages and disadvantages of certification were analysed and the decision was made to invest in certification. This was because the technical assistance, marketing value and enhanced authenticity of resulting carbon neutral claims outweighed any extra costs that would be incurred as a result of signing up with carboNZero. Figure 2: Average electricity consumption per hour for FY2011/12

benefits can be gain by making power consumption more efficient for infrastructure that is operating all the time (such as water heating, temperature control systems in enclosures etc.) to reduce baseload power consumption. Other long term electricity reduction initiatives could include on‑site sustainable electricity generation. Organisations such as the Hikurangi Foundation could be a potential funding source for such future infrastructure4. There have been a number of projects in overseas Zoo’s which could provide some guidance. Monarto Zoo (Adelaide) has launched a solar power tracking system. These solar panels provide power to Monarto’s heating, cooling, communications, perimeter fencing 4 Hikurangi website

and water pumping systems, producing up to 300 kilowatts of power each day5. Henry Vilas Zoo (USA) converts natural gas into electricity, giving off heat as a by‑product of the gas combustion in a process called co‑generation. There is the possibility that the gas released by the breakdown for composting activities at Wellington Zoo could be utilised in a similar capacity6. Cincinnati Zoo (USA) installed a windspire turbine in 2010 to provide ¼ of the power needs for their membership and ticketing building. The turbine produces 2000 kwh per year from their 19km/hour average windspeed7. Given the wind energy potential in Wellington, there may also be wind generation capacity at the Zoo.

5 Monarto Zoo solar farm 6 Henry Vilas Zoo cogeneration 7 Cincinnati Zoo windspire

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Being certified also reduces the risk associated with making carbon neutral claims. A guidance document published by the New Zealand Commerce Commission8 informs businesses of the obligations under the Fair Trading Act 1986 of the issues surrounding low carbon and carbon neutrality claims. The lack of a universally accepted definition of “carbon neutral” and the variety of methodologies used to assess carbon footprints, carbon reductions and carbon neutrality claims put organisations at risk of misleading consumers. Such claims could result in penalties under the Fair Trading Act 1986. Having a reliable certification agency back up claims of carbon neutrality acts to mitigate this risk.

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page

Mitigate What emissions can’t be reduced must be mitigated in other ways. Unavoidable emissions can be offset through purchasing verified and high quality carbon credits. Carbon credits are created by projects that avoid GHG emissions through renewable energy generation, reduce GHG emissions through energy efficient initiatives and sequester GHG through regeneration of native forest or methane capture. Because there are different types of offsets, Wellington Zoo had the opportunity to invest in carbon credits that align with the values of the organisation. To offset it’s emission, Wellington Zoo invested in the EBEX21 scheme which are Kyoto‑compliant carbon credits from regenerating native forest in the Banks Peninsula, a conservation project which fits with the Zoo’s ethos.

Table 1: Emission Reduction Targets

CarboNZero Certification

The carboNZero certification Process

The CarboNZero programme was set up Landcare Research, which is a New Zealand Crown Research Institution. CarboNZero is the world’s first greenhouse gas certification scheme to receive international accreditation under the sponsorship of the International Accreditation Forum (IAF). The international accreditation has been awarded by the Joint Accreditation System – Australia and New Zealand (JAS‑ANZ) which is an international accreditation body established by a treaty between the New Zealand and Australian governments. JAS‑ANZ accreditation is a critical part of the CarboNZero programme’s plans to ensure its certification has the highest level of credibility and integrity.

There are five key steps to the carboNZero programme:

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Verify For integrity and to provide assurance on the Zoo’s carbon neutral claims the measurement of the Zoo’s carbon footprint was audited by an independent verifier.

Measure This involves that accurate measurement of the Zoo’s carbon footprint and was largely completed as a part of the carbon neutral feasibility study. Nonetheless, minor adjustments and further information as required as a part of this program. Refer to Figure 1 for Wellington Zoo’s carbon inventory results 1.

2. Manage The Zoo was required to develop a Emissions Reductions Management Report. This involved the setting of various reduction targets, as outlined in Table 1. These target are approved by the Chief Executive of Wellington Zoo – Karen Fifield and are tracked on a quarterly basis. A Carbon Management Working Group, which is made up of key staff from throughout the organisation, is responsible for implementing and monitoring the effectiveness of emissions reduction projects.

Market Celebrate and tell the world!

Linking the Visitor Experience to Sustainability As part of the Zoo’s ten year development programme, we want to turn the work of the Zoo ‘inside out’ so that our visitors understand how complex and varied the work of a Zoo is; to grasp that what they experience as visitors is a fraction of the work undertaken at the Zoo. We wanted to position Wellington Zoo as an environmentally responsible organization. We aim to create unique, innovative, intimate

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our Property team, with copy writing, and signage design and production also done in‑house. In keeping with the ethos of Green Zoo Green You, many materials were recycled or reclaimed. As a charitable trust, financial sustainability is crucial to our business and total cost for Green Zoo Green You was around $10,000.

Visitors enjoying the ‘Green Zoo, Green You’ exhibit at Wellington Zoo.

visitor experiences. Green Zoo Green You is the first Zoo exhibit in New Zealand showcasing environmental sustainability. Green Zoo Green You was opened in September 2012 after a successful five year behind the scenes effort to reduce our waste, conserve water and manage our energy use. Green Zoo Green You, our first exhibit not based specifically around animals, is an interactive interpretive space that involves our audience in the Zoo’s sustainability journey and encourages them to take their own steps towards protecting our environment. Our challenge was to tell these stories in an engaging way about a topic that can seem overwhelming. By framing our Green Zoo Green You stories positively and providing visitors with realistic, achievable actions they can take at home, our aim is to connect all people that come to the Zoo with the environment around them.

In addition to the exhibit, we created Green Spots, which are placed around the Zoo to highlight how different buildings or exhibits contribute to our being a Green Zoo. These include solar power, recycled materials used in construction, recycled water used, sustainable timber used etc. Green Zoo Green You was designed, developed and built in‑house at Wellington Zoo. The project leader was our Visitor Experience Manager, with a project team comprising our Property Manager and Group Manager Community Engagement. This project team met weekly, bringing in other staff members from both the Property and Community Engagement teams as needed. Each member of Wellington Zoo’s staff was surveyed to ascertain why they believed that environmental sustainability was crucial to our success as an organization, and the responses to this question formed the basis for our Green Zoo Green You stories. The exhibit was conceived by our Visitor Experience team, built by

A baseline visitor survey about visitors’ awareness of the Zoo’s conservation messages, projects and initiatives was conducted during the April School Holidays 2012. This gave us a baseline understanding of how aware our visitors were of our sustainability efforts (not very) with the view to replicate the research in April 2013. Regular Zoo visitors were aware of construction of Green Zoo Green You as its site was in a visible, but previously unused part of the Zoo. Information about the project was communicated via signage within the Zoo, through STQRY, a smart phone app, as well as through our social media channels. The opening of Green Zoo Green You was attended by key stakeholders, as well as general Zoo visitors. Green Zoo Green You has quickly become a much loved and well visited exhibit at Wellington Zoo. Visitors spend time in the exhibit and have fun, as well as learning about what we have done to become a more environmentally responsible organization. Visitors also pledge their own environmental commitments. Research conducted in the April School Holidays shows 25% of visitors could identify (unprompted)‘Green Zoo’ as a conservation activity the Zoo is involved in. Unprompted awareness of the Zoo’s conservation action ‘Reduce, Reuse, Recycle’ was 43% this year compared to 14% in 2012 before Green Zoo Green You was opened. When prompted 97% of visitors indicated the three Rs as a conservation action, and 81% of visitors indicated

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One world, One Hope – Do We Have, Or Need, A Plan? Nate Flesness, ISIS and Onnie Byers, CBSG

Visitor pledge at ‘Green Zoo Green You’ exhibit.

‘Responsible Use of Resources’ up from 57% last year. 48% and 14% respectively could expand on what these messages meant, again significantly increased from the baseline data. On our Green You trees our visitors have pledged to change their ways when it comes to recycling/waste (43%), water and energy saving (16%), sustainable transport choices (8%) and other environmental actions (11%). The rest of the pledges indicate ‘the Zoo is cool’ or similar sentiments. Green Zoo Green You is innovative, fun and effective. We have engaged our visitors with fairly dry subject matter in an interesting and exciting way. This sets the scene for us to expand the stories we tell in the Zoo on our conservation work and other previously behind the scenes efforts.

Acknowledgements • Shane Whittaker, Rachel McKelvie, and Simon Eyre, Wellington Zoo for having the systems in place to make data collection easy for the FY2011/12 GHG inventory. • All staff and trustees at Wellington Zoo for their commitment to this project and for going the extra mile to assist with data collection and the historical implementation of sustainability initiatives. • Josephine Rudkin‑Binks and Ann Smith from CarboNZero, Kiam Yoong from Zoo’s Victoria, Karl Satchell from Auckland Museum for their input regarding CarboNZero and CEMARS. • The Wellington Zoo Green Team for helping to flesh out the drivers for the Zoo and its pursuit of carbon neutrality.

There are 20 or so species which remain on Earth largely or entirely because of the efforts of zoos. Our community is justly proud of these conservation success stories. Conservation of these species took enormous planning and effort by zoos, from capture, to learning husbandry and breeding management, to influencing protection and/or restoration of their habitats, and learning how to successfully prepare and release them for long‑term success. Other species we happened to have in our collections and, when wild management failed, we were fortunate to have a species “back‑up plan” in our care. Our successes have been recognized and give us significant conservation credibility. One important tool in measuring a species’ extinction risk is the IUCN Red List. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is the world’s oldest and largest global environmental organization. The IUCN’s Species Survival Commission (SSC) is made up of species experts and its major role is to provide information to the IUCN on biodiversity conservation, the inherent value of species, their role in ecosystem health and functioning, the provision of ecosystem services, and their support to human livelihoods. This information is fed into the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

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Figure 1 shows a very small increase in the percent of threatened animals in ISIS collections over time. If you magnify the vertical axis, showing just 3% instead of 100% as the scale, you see Figure 2. It shows an approximately 2% increase in 23 years above what you would expect by chance. If those were your results for attendance or shop sales, you would not be impressed. That’s ~0.1% per year, or roughly one threatened animal added to each collection every second year. It’s progress, but surely we can do better than this. Figure 1.

Figure 2.

A review of the very limited number of species whose IUCN Red List status has improved found that, of these down‑listings, one fourth was due to ex situ breeding programs. Although some of the down‑listed species were part of government breeding programs, the bulk of these were zoo and aquarium conservation efforts. While we should be very proud of these significant contributions to conservation, we should also recognize that the overall number of species we’ve helped is very small compared to the number of species in trouble.

List threatened species than you would expect by chance?” The answer, unfortunately, looks to be “no”. We seem to hold about as many threatened species as you would expect to hold by chance (excepting perhaps Tasmanian devils and turtles). This answer may come as a surprise. These collection statistics have not been generally available, so institutional directors have not had a management metric like this to use for collection planning. We need a plan to remedy this situation.

In a paper currently in press in Plos One, Dr. Dalia Conde and several co‑authors look at the current composition of the ~800 institutional animal collections found in ISIS. (Zoos through the lens of the IUCN Red List: a global metapopulation approach to support conservation breeding programs, Plos One (in press) Dalia A. Conde, Fernando Colchero, Paul Pearce‑Kelly, Markus Gusset, Onnie Byers, Nate Flesness, Robert K. Browne & Owen R. Jones). The paper asks the question “Do our current animal collections contain significantly more IUCN Red

Many zoo directors might say that the zoological community’s emphasis on GSMPs, SSPs, EEPS, ASMPs, etc., over the last 20 years must mean that the proportion of our collections that have a conservation focus (IUCN threatened) must be at least going up over time. To check this, we have looked at ISIS data from 1990 to 2013 (23 years), and plotted below the percent of animals that are currently IUCN threatened over time. The red bar is what you would expect by chance – that is, if there was no emphasis on IUCN threatened species.

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Do we have a plan for more conservation success stories and helping a greater number of IUCN Red Listed species in the future? It is important that we do have a plan. One of our community’s goals is conservation; it’s even in WAZA’s tag line, United for Conservation. It’s a moral obligation and, of course, our reputation and public support are strengthened by our credible conservation success stories. To get there, we need new, convenient metrics to help zoo’s measure their impacts on IUCN Red List threatened species.. ISIS will help to create such metrics. It’s also clear that, if we want results to be different 25 years from now, and if we want to seize the opportunity to truly “unite for conservation” and win even more support from an increasingly sophisticated public, you must plan your collections differently and that planning must begin now. Such new planning might mean that we position our institutional collections to include more animals currently at risk and animals that will likely need our help in the future. How do we do this?

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We are introducing a tool – an interactive table – which we plan to make available on CBSG’s website that will help you take the first steps toward Collection Planning for Conservation (CPC). Most of you are aware of the IUCN Red List categories of threat and some of you use the Red List scale in your institutions graphics. We have included in the new CPC tool species that, according to the IUCN, are Extinct in the Wild, Critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable or Near Threatened. You may not be aware, however, of the inclusion in the IUCN SSC Species Assessments of an element titled “Conservation Action Needed”. Within this classification is the option “Captive breeding/ artificial propagation”. CBSG has worked with the IUCN Red List Office to make available for the first time the list of species for which IUCN experts have recommended captive breeding as a conservation action.. All species that are in one of the categories listed above and that has been recommended for captive breeding will be included in the CPC table. Additional filters include taxonomic group, species range, Alliance for Zero Extinction status, IUCN climate change vulnerability score, number of individuals held in ISIS institutions, and whether or not there is an existing managed program for the species. By applying the filters of interest, you can identify species that not only meet your institutional needs, but that are also in need of the conservation action that zoos are uniquely positioned to provide. For example, a group of decision makers interested in collection planning for conservation and looking for a mammal species to include in an Asian themed collection would first select from the

CPC tool only Asian Mammals. If they have a particular focus on protecting critically endangered, AZE trigger species, they would add those filters in as well. The results of this search would lead them to consider a captive program for the Bawean deer, for which the CPC tool would tell them that a managed program already exists. There are of course many essential aspects of collection planning for conservation that are not reflected in the interactive CPC table. It is critical that the IUCN Guidelines on the Use of Ex situ Management for Species Conservation be carefully followed before a captive program is established or expanded. If there is to be an increased conservation focus in the collections of the international zoo and aquarium community on IUCN Red Listed species, the planning process must change. Collection planning should be a part of a One Plan approach to conservation planning, and collections will need to be altered to allow for management of a greater number of threatened species in need of what only zoos and aquariums can offer – intensive management in intensively protected areas. CBSG and ISIS can help. The Collection Planning for Conservation tool and the data it contains is one way to help get you started in this n direction. Let us know if you have suggestions for other ways we might help.

Vision, Courage and Innovation for a Carbon Neutral Future Jenny Gray, Melbourne Zoo, Australia

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Zoos and Aquariums are significant net producers of carbon. While we talk about saving species we continue to pollute. Right now we have the opportunity to become the first industry in the world to become carbon neutral. I can’t think of another grand gesture that has the same potential to increase the reputation and standing of Zoos and Aquariums as Conservation Organisations. As a zoo that has undertaken the journey I can assure you that it is possible to achieve certified carbon neutrality, with vision, courage and innovation. It is not easy, but it is exciting. Along the journey we managed to save money, engage staff and protect big chunks of rain forest.

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Are you up for the challenge?

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Introduction Zoos and aquariums often state the potential impact that they have in empowering and inspiring visitors to change their behaviours. Every year 700 million visitors enter the gates of zoos and this presents an enormous opportunity to engage in conversations that assist visitors in understanding both their impact on animals and the environment, and to empower them to change their behaviours thus reduce threats to the environment. My task in this paper is not to change the behaviours of 700 million visitors but rather to encourage and inspire you, my colleagues, who run zoos to change a simple behaviour of the operation of the zoo, and that is to make the move to being carbon neutral. Imagine if every WAZA institution became a carbon neutral facility.

Background As institutions that deal with endangered species, we know that the impacts of climate change are real and we also understand that we should be leading by example. We understand the changes in climate will have a significant impact on many of the species we work with, that they will have an impact on human populations and will have an impact on our facilities. We’ve seen it over the summer months where changes in temperature result in changes to our abilities to meet our visitor’s needs, and in fact may even change visitation patterns. A number of institutions within the WAZA community have been impacted by severe weather events – New Orleans, New York and Prague Zoo all experienced dramatic weather events resulting in severe damage to their facilities. We know that climate change is something we have to address and we know that we can address it by reducing our carbon

foot print. Over and above the impact to the environment, a move towards carbon neutrality is a move that is good for an institution – it saves money, it motivates staff and it results in a positive reputation for that organisation.

Process To obtain carbon neutrality, Zoos Victoria underwent four years of intensive work commencing in 2008 to reduce our carbon footprint through resource efficiency programmes. In order to make a move towards carbon neutrality there are a number of steps that need to be taken. The first step is to take the decision to move towards carbon neutrality. It’s important that such a decision is documented and included into the Corporate Plans of the institution, that it receives support from the leadership team, and is a visible public commitment on what you’re intending to do. This is in line with the commitments that we would ask other suppliers to make when we run campaigns asking for behaviour change. Having made the commitment, the other thing to consider is the move to carbon neutrality is no more difficult than many of the other activities of a zoo – you need to secure a solid plan in terms of what you intend to do, you need to allocate resources and you need to commit to acting.

Carbon Management Plan The Carbon Management Plan is a simple iterative process, whereby you commence by measuring the carbon you are currently emitting. Secondly, you set objectives in terms of what you want to achieve. You would then work through reducing your carbon footprint by avoiding carbon outputs (avoid generating

emissions), reduce the existing emissions by changing current activities to reduce emissions, switching to energy sources that are less green house intensive, then considering if there’s any options to sequester emissions. Next is to assess what your residual green house gas emissions are, and finally consider whether or not you should offset; ideally you should be offsetting any residual green house carbon emissions. In order to measure your carbon, you need to set a boundary on the organisation. For zoos this is an incredibly complex undertaking and we would strongly recommend that you employ the services of a professional to measure your carbon footprint. They would explain what emissions you should consider and which you shouldn’t. The next step is to set an objective in terms of what you wish to reduce your carbon objectives to. This is similar to any of your other objectives around being a sustainable organisation, i.e. considering certified sustainable palm oil in your foods, forestry stewardship council, recycled paper, being resource efficient so that you can reduce your environmental foot print, and ideally you would work through ISO14001 which will give you an environmental management system and enable you to consider environmental management in all the plans that you create. Staff training is an essential step when setting out to reduce your carbon footprint. Zoos Victoria has employed a Sustainability Manager who works with the Green Teams established at each zoo. The Green Teams have been trained in sustainability through a course called “Skill Up Green.” The Green Teams identify resource efficiency programmes to reduce our operational carbon footprint. Consequently, we managed to reduce our carbon footprint by 2,000 t of CO2 per year thanks to environmental initiatives such as:

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• In‑vessel aerobic composting of organic waste from animals, visitors food waste and horticulture waste • Double glazing of the roof at the Butterfly House • Energy efficient lighting retrofits using LEDs and T5 fluorescent lamps throughout the zoos • Heat pump energy efficient hot water systems • Energy efficient HVAC systems • Variable speed pump replacements • Biological treatment of wastewater After putting in a considerable effort to reduce our carbon footprint, a total of 14,913.84 t of CO2 needed to be offset in order to obtain NCOS certification. As a conservation organisation, we decided to select NCOS accepted offsets that support biodiversity conservation. As a consequence of this choice, Zoos Victoria is now proud to be securing carbon and biodiversity in the following regions: • Tasmania: 9,063 t of CO2 offsets were purchased (offsetting 60% of our carbon footprint). These offsets help to improve forest management in the central Tasmanian highlands, securing Tasmanian devil habitat. • The Amazon: 2,926 t of CO2 offsets were purchased (offsetting 20% of our carbon footprint). This is a REDD programme conserving forest habitat in the Madre de Dios in the Peruvian Amazon, protecting species such as jaguars, macaws and peccaries. • Sabah: 2,926 t of CO2 offsets were purchased (offsetting 20% of our carbon footprint). This is a REDD rainforest rehabilitation programme through logged‑over dipterocarp forest in eastern Sabah, generating measurable outcomes for orang‑utans.

Finally having achieved carbon neutrality, it must be celebrated and then the process starts all over again. In the space of celebration, we have engaged with our staff and the wider community around recognition that we have achieved carbon neutral certification. We are now partnering and advocating with others to join in and or participants in a project within the city of Melbourne which will move organisation working in Melbourne towards carbon neutral status, and this presentation today asking WAZA members to consider their ability to move towards carbon neutral status.

Conclusion The journey towards carbon neutrality has been an interesting journey for Zoos Victoria. We are very proud of our achievements in reaching this point – it has been a journey that has enabled us to reconsider many of our practices, moving towards best practice rather than what we had done traditionally. The process has engaged with our staff and they are very proud of their achievements; it also engages with the wider community. We believe that becoming carbon neutral is the right thing to do for anyone who is worried about the impact of climate change on the environment in the future, and I would ask as a Zoo Director that you would make a commitment to your zoo to become carbon neutral.

JAZA – Conservation Activities and Legal Systems Integrated with Japanese Government Shigeyuki Yamamoto, Chair of Japanese Association of Zoos and Aquariums

JAZA has developed its vision and strategy, and restructure the framework realizing the strength of the linkage with stakeholders such as national government, local community, citizen, other institutions and associations in the world, JAZA office and zoos and aquariums (Fig. 1). This presentation is about the establishment of relationships with national government as the process of in situ conservation efforts.

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The enhancement and current situation To solve this situation, we newly created the Committee of Biodiversity that coordinates JAZA’s efforts as follows: organizational implementation of ex situ conservation activities in Japan and formulation of JAZA collection planning, re‑examination of JAZA species conservation activities with the reproductive programs for 144 endangered species and international strategy and strengthening of the partnership with international body. And it was decided that JAZA became the contractor of the ex situ conservation for Tsushima leopard cat, and JAZA plays a leadership role and coordinate the captive breeding among the institutions (Fig. 2).

Figure 1. The renewed JAZA organization established in 2012.

Tsushima Leopard Cat (Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus) Tsushima Leopard Cat is one of the subspecies of Leopard cat and distributed at Tsushima Island in Nagasaki prefecture. The wild population is between 80 and 110.

The historical status of ex situ and in situ conservation Japanese Ministry of the Environment has enforced the conservation and regeneration of the habitat environment. At the same time, they have promoted the in situ conservation activities as follows: rising public awareness, enforcement of environmental education, implementation of action plans

in ways that help both the environment and the economy in local community, construction of the center for habituation to the wild environment for the reintroduction of the animals which were born in captivity. In other hands, we have made efforts for in situ conservation. In 1996, five individuals were captured in the wild and it was the beginning of the husbandry in captivity. The first reproduction in captivity was succeeded in 2000, and currently we have 31 individuals in 9 JAZA member institutions. Our goal is keeping 100 individuals in captivity and providing individuals for reintroduction. However the population ages, we needed to review the existing action plan immediately. And there was an issue on our communication system.

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Rock Ptarmigan (Lagopus mutus japonicas) Rock Ptarmigan distributes at Japanese Alps only and it is severed North from South. The wild population is approximately less than 2000.

The historical status of conservation by national government Rock Ptarmigan was designated as Special national monument on 1923. Most of their habitat is located at national parks. They live in Dwarf Pine zone or Petrographic zone at more than 2,400 meter elevation. In 2012, they were designated as Endangered in Japanese Red data book, and they became the 49th National Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. This year, Ministry of the Environment develops the Programs for Maintenance of Viable Populations of this species.

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• We make efforts to establish the environment being comfortable to the living creatures. • We achieve the exhibits that all of the visitors can learn the greatness of life and increase interest in nature. • We play a role as conservation center for connection of the miracle of life. • We undertake research on endangered species under the cooperation with domestic and international organizations. • Each of the institutions is the place for joy and learning with the great individuality. • We create the unique institutions under the support by local people and live together with them. Figure 2. The reform of the organization for ex situ conservation (2013).

The conservation efforts by JAZA Some of JAZA member institutions have kept Svalbard Ptarmigan for the ex situ conservation of Rock ptarmigan in Japan. The results in captivity by the institutions succeeded the breeding of Svalbard Ptarmigan and the institutions cooperated to the information collection and sharing information, were aggregated by Committee of Biodiversity. We fully participate in the Programs for Maintenance of Viable Populations by Ministry of the Environment. And we will conclude a contract with Japanese government for the ex situ conservation activities of Rock Ptarmigan.

The 10 year vision, strategy and action plan of JAZA JAZA developed the 10-year vision, implementation strategy and action plan as recommended by media strategy meeting at the JAZA conference on May 2013. JAZA 10 year vision: Zoos and Aquariums are the “LIFE MUSEUM“ where people can feel, learn and tell the greatness, strength, fleetingness and importance of life. • We value the nature and life, and grow the following generations that take over Japanese culture and view of nature. • We do our best to enrich the contents as the place that children can open their door to the nature and feel the mystery of life.

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By taking into account the lessons learned from the Great East Japan earthquake on 2011 such as the importance of living and sustaining life, JAZA has held the public symposium under the cooperation with various organizations. The symposiums at Tokyo, Kumamoto and Kyoto were already enforced. The one in Hiroshima and Toyama are planned.

The legal systems and JAZA JAZA has made efforts for the ex situ and in situ conservation activities for endangered species in collaboration with the endangered species conservation project by Ministry of Environment. Approximately 2014, JAZA will conclude the framework agreement related to biodiversity conservation with Ministry of Environment in terms of developing projects efficiently and securement of unification. Under this situation,

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Wild Welfare – World, Hope, Plan and Action David Jones, North Carolina Zoological Park and Dave Morgan, Wild Welfare

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Figure 3. The conceptual diagram to promote the social role of zoos and aquariums (2013–2015).

Abstract JAZA and the Ministry of Environment will conclude the agreement for each species conservation activities and JAZA will lead the projects effectively. Both of us have reached a consensus. JAZA and Japanese zoos and aquariums will have the social framework to contribute for biodiversity conservation in Japan. This is the great progress. In Japan, most of zoos and aquariums are public or private, and there were no relationships between national government and zoos and aquariums. Most of the head of the local government, citizen and media see zoos and aquariums as leisure facility. Therefore, JAZA has started to discuss with Ministry of the Environment to establish the legal systems that define the public roles of zoos and aquariums. We are intended to have the legal systems by 2015 (Fig. 3). Our purpose is to define the biodiversity conservation as the public roles of zoos and aquariums, and to create the integrated support

system. By the linkage between national and local governments, zoos and aquariums and citizens, Japanese zoos and aquariums and JAZA can contribute more for the global biodiversity conservation and beautiful Japanese treasure such as culture, nature and people. As the result, the significance of its existence and activities of Japanese zoos and aquariums will be increased in Japanese society. Also, on the general management category including ethical and welfare standard, JAZA can serve a social role as the innocent leading and coordination organization for all of Japanese zoological institutions including JAZA non‑member institutions. This is one of the ways to realize the regional biodiversity conservation. This is also the way to realize the One World, One Plan, One Hope on the earth with rationality for culture, history and value.

Eight out of ten wild animal collections open to the public worldwide operate with no welfare accreditation standards. Many of these are in very poor condition and that negativity impacts public perception of all zoos. The mainstream zoo community should take the lead in efforts to improve conditions in these collections No one else is better placed. While the technical aspects of assistance programs (husbandry, veterinary care, exhibit design) are essential, this presentation focuses on the requirements in understanding the political, social and cultural background in different settings combined with the negotiation, communication and other interpersonal skills needed to effect change.

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The provision of high quality welfare is core to good zoo operation and as such, and in its own right, good welfare is also a valid conservation driver. The development of the WAZA Animal Welfare Strategy is a clear demonstration of this ethos. As much as conservation in the larger sense is increasingly pursued by zoos in the field, we must consider continuing improvement in zoo animal welfare a parallel course. The latest evidence on numbers of zoos suggests that eight out of ten wild animal collections open to the public worldwide operate with no welfare accreditation standards. Many of these are in very poor condition and that negatively impacts public perception of all zoos. An argument that needs to be taken seriously by the mainstream zoo community is that as a professional ethical practice, the pursuit and application of good welfare cannot end at our zoo gates and should be projected outwards to other zoos and collections in need of improvement. As a means to facilitate this responsibility Wild Welfare occupies a specialist niche within the international zoo and animal welfare NGO communities. Wild Welfare helps to improve the welfare of captive wild animals kept under conditions of severe distress around the world through direct involvement and collaboration in the provision of technical skills including nutrition, veterinary advice, animal behavior, enclosure design and related expertise. Although a number of individual zoos and zoo associations are themselves engaged in similar endeavours, Wild Welfare brings critical additional elements to play in political savvy, cultural and social sensibility and the willingness to negotiate and persuade patiently based on many years of experience. These elements are essential in developing the trust required for ultimate success.

Some of the very particular characteristics needed in the people who are best suited to do this work include: • A clear understanding of the politics at local and national level. They have to be good negotiators and communicators with a lot of personal control and a calm demeanor and patience. In some places age and gender play a role. They must be very aware of hierarchal sensitivity, particularly in places like the Middle East and the Indian subcontinent and they need to be aware of competing interests for resources in each different situation. • An ability to convince a range of interested parties that improvement can take place, combined with clear communication of the elements required to do so (sound and sympathetic governance, the right laws and conditions, training of staff, a positive staff attitude, influencing public and media opinion in the country, etc.). Critics will often say (as they have many times with us) “the place should be closed”. We might agree, but the reality is that these places rarely close and if they do, there will always be a temptation to restart them at some point. Other key fundamentals to success with collaborative interventions include the need to identify the key stakeholders. They will differ in different places. Who can really make a difference at this place? Who has the influence? Where is the true governance? Is it the Mayor of the city (Kabul)? Is it the Minister of Agriculture (Cairo)? Is it the Prime Minister or President even (Botswana)? Where are resources most likely to come from? Who are the likely donors, both inside and outside the country? How might one work with the media, which in many cases have often been critical? Who are the key staff?

Who has most influence within the organization and what are staff conditions, constraints, and opinions? How trainable are they? Following on from this, can one develop a common cause and objectives for the institution? What is its real purpose as they see it? Can all agree on that? Who is out there who can help with strategy, planning and design? How do we involve local skills in that and so build long‑term capacity? It is important to realize that no one person or institution can do this work alone. There are four key groups of people that need to come together to make any such venture a success – government and governance, the institution and its staff, our mainstream zoo community and public opinion reflected often by the animal welfare community, either locally, nationally or both. So far, in the recent high‑profile examples of zoos needing attention, the mainstream (and not so mainstream!) animal welfare community have tended to take pole position and in so doing, until fairly recently, our zoo community has been strongly criticized for not being there and appearing to be disinterested… “it’s not our business”. This is changing with the advent of Wild Welfare. For example, with Afghanistan and Egypt, the Zoo community did take the lead, but in all the recent cases, also involved mainstream welfare NGOs. This has had the great additional advantage of helping to build trust between representatives of both the main zoo and welfare communities, which in terms of improving welfare in all zoos can only be an advantage. There may be differences of opinion, but they are far outweighed by common purpose. We need to recognize that and embrace it.

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In Wild Welfare’s recent partnerships with the mainstream welfare community (e.g.: WSPA, IFAW, Four Paws and HSUS/HSI) and coming as we do from the established zoo community, relationships are now better than they have ever been and this sets the scene for a lot of opportunity going forward. Good people within these groups understand that progress will only be made through partnerships. If one looks at the history of zoo’s and their critics over the last 30 years, remaining divided has not furthered progress in this field at all. The great advantage in this partnership approach, quite apart from combining networks effort, skills and resources is that it will tend to sideline those critics who are the zoo world’s real long‑term opposition. It reduces the numbers of people and organizations who are always going to be anti‑zoo regardless of other opinion. The imperative for partnership goes well beyond the welfare NGOs. Wild Welfare with its interventions is only at best, a primary enabler. The longer term work with zoos in need of assistance requires the involvement of consortia of the larger zoos with other partners as stipulated in the World Zoo and Aquarium Conservation Strategy. Yet this philosophy needs to go further; there is a need for all zoos to promote good welfare practice as an ethical responsibility into their operational ethos as much as they are now doing for their conservation work. It is vital that mainstream zoos take the lead in this regard. Zoo people, wherever they are will tend to listen to other zoo people. The partnerships with the welfare world are important as they bring skills, resources and networks of their own. But, it is the experienced zoo‑based

advisor who will persuade and be able to help long‑term. The reality is that from a practical, financial and marketing perspective it is easier to be more immediately and visibly effective in assisting a zoo in need of assistance through the simple expedient of staff exchanges and training than the average long‑term conservation programme. It is also considerably cheaper. Thus, a zoo that cannot afford a high end in situ conservation project can often afford the price of a ticket to get a staff member to a needy zoo, with all the added benefit of personal development. There is no question that the issue of zoo animal welfare is of growing public interest. It is true that where there is a major publicity event around a bad zoo, such as the situation that arose in Kabul twelve years ago, one will get a large body of support. At the NC Zoo, over half a million dollars was raised in six weeks from 6,000 donors from all over the world. Every time we talk to interested members of the public about what Wild Welfare is trying to do, it always triggers a strong positive response. There is an increasing level of public interest in this subject echoed by the volume of media expressed concern about bad zoos. Visitors to our zoos and anyone else interested in animal welfare want to see those of us in zoo leadership positions tackling this problem and taking pole position. The increased publicity and community pride that goes hand‑in‑hand with a high profile intervention helps all participating zoos increase their stature and support.

One Plan – Linking an Aquarium with Marine Conservation, Through Research and Education Judy Mann, South African Association for Marine Biological Research, Durban South Africa

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Introduction Good afternoon Ladies and Gentlemen and thank you for giving me this opportunity to share with you how we at the South African Association for Marine Biological Research link our aquarium with conservation in the field. My talk will be divided into three sections – I will start with a brief introduction to the current state of our oceans, I will then introduce you to our organisation and will end with some comments on how we integrate research, education and inspiring live exhibits in order to contribute to meaningful marine conservation in Africa.

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State of the oceans The recently released State of the Oceans report paints a bleak picture of the future of our oceans. The health of the world’s oceans is deteriorating even faster than had previously been realised. Our oceans are facing multiple threats – overfishing and pollution are continuing unabated and their effects are exacerbated by climate change, which is increasing the temperature of the oceans increasing their acidity through the absorption of CO2. Dead zone are expanding and formal protection remains low. Despite this depressing picture – there is still hope. Experts around the world agree that its not too late to make the changes needed to save our oceans. What is needed is a greater awareness of the links between the health of the oceans and human survival and the fact that the cumulative effect of small local actions can make a difference. I would now like to show how a small organisation in South Africa is contributing to the conservation of our oceans.

South African Association for Marine Biological Research The South African Association for Marine Biological Research (SAAMBR) is a non ‑government, not‑for‑profit organisation that was founded in the early 1950’s in response to a need for conservation of local marine resources. Over the years the organisation has developed into one of the leading marine conservation institutes in Africa, both in terms of applied marine research and marine education. SAAMBR is unique as it was founded for marine research and conservation and the aquarium was built to fund the research, education and

conservation work. Our mission is “To contribute to the conservation of marine and coastal biodiversity and resources by generating and disseminating information and inspiring and empowering people.” Our role is to help people to care for our oceans. We achieve our mission through the operations of three divisions. The Oceanographic Research Institute undertakes applied research. uShaka Sea World introduces people to the marine environment and the Education Centre teaches people how to care for our oceans. Since 1959, Sea World has provided visitors with an opportunity to see life beneath the Indian Ocean and money generated by Sea World has provided much of the funding required for the research and education initiatives of SAAMBR. I will first introduce each division and will then show how, through this unique model we have developed ONE PLAN which unites all of our activities.

Creating awareness – Ushaka Sea World As with any aquarium operational since the early 1950’s, by the mid 1990’s it was clear that the old Durban Aquarium would need a new home, and in May 2004, uShaka Marine World was opened. uShaka Marine World, a 16 hectare, $110 million tourism development, is a joint venture between the City of Durban and SAAMBR. The development consists of uShaka Sea World – a salt water aquarium, dolphinarium and associated Life Support Systems, a Water Park and a retail centre – all themed around shipwrecks in an African village style and set amongst landscaped gardens.

Guests enter the uShaka Sea World aquarium through the iconic wrecked ship and can then stroll through five different galleries – themed as the remains of different wrecked vessels, gazing into six large exhibits – ranging in size from 2200 m3 to 300 m3. Over 30 smaller exhibits enable us to display animals that cannot be housed with the larger animals. Providing guests with a personal ‘immersion’ experience is one of the trademarks of uShaka Sea World and guests have the opportunity to snorkel or dive in many of the larger exhibits. Our bottlenose dolphins are presented to guests during daily demonstrations, while entertaining and educational seal pantomimes are undertaken with the Cape Fur seals in the seal stadium. A specially designed penguin rookery houses our breeding colony of endangered African penguins. Our live animals are ambassadors for the oceans – inspiring people to care. South Africans are not maritime people and despite a coastline of over 3000km, many South Africans have never seen the ocean. How can we expect people to care for an environment and animals which they do not even know exist. Simply creating an awareness that fish are animals and that lots of other animals live in the sea is the first step in our conservation efforts. Once we have created that awareness, we try to connect human health to the health of the oceans. At uShaka Sea World we have selected the concept of a World Wide Web, except that here we are teaching about the real World Wide Web of Life, not the virtual www. This World Wide Web of Life helps guests to understand that everything in nature is connected and that human health is linked to ocean health.

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Once we have made a connection we need to give people something to do. This empowers guests and gives them an opportunity to take positive personal action to help conserve our oceans. Using the simple Reduce, Reuse and Recycle message and South Africa’s Sustainable Seafood Campaign, we are giving guests something that they can do to make a difference.

Building capacity to take action – Education Department Formal Education An active school education programme is fundamental for conservation. Children are the future custodians of our planet and they need every bit of help to fulfil this role. Our uShaka Education Centre reaches up to 100 000 children and teachers annually through a variety of programmes, some of which are sponsored. Questions such as “Can I eat it? and Does it bite?” are commonly asked as the children walk through this unfamiliar, underwater world, often silent with awe. In South Africa about 25% of the teachers are not qualified for their positions and most feel very insecure, especially when teaching unfamiliar topics such as biology or science. We, therefore, place great emphasis on capacity building for teachers, enabling them to teach more confidently. One of the most exciting programmes is our Outreach Program which was started in 1992, with the realisation that many schools would never be able to visit our facility. We decided to take the aquarium to the kids. Now, many aquariums have outreach programmes, however, I am not sure how many travel for over 200 km

each day over dirt or non‑existent roads to reach their schools, which may consist of a prefabricated building with up to 80 children sharing books, stationery and classrooms. Over half of South African schools do not have electricity so we have invested in a portable generator to cope with this obstacle! The arrival of our team, with their live animals and even more lively educators is the highlight of the year. The impact of these visits on the disadvantaged youth is enormous. With many coming from backgrounds of violence and deprivation, the animals give the children a glimpse into a new world and a glimmer of hope for a better future. We have also worked hard to attract and train many Zulu and Xhosa speaking staff who are then able to act as vital role models for these young people.

Adult Groups Most aquariums do not extend their education programmes beyond the formal education system and internal visitors. However, because of the incredible need for adult education in South Africa, we have developed a range of specialised programmes for different adult groups – fishermen, divers, conservation officials and even magistrates, amongst others. We have worked with subsistence fishermen in rural communities. Often conducted under a tree, these courses utilise simple techniques to teach participants about the basic biology and the sustainable use of resources they harvest, in order to enable them to participate in the co‑operative management of their resources. For most of these adults, it is their first exposure to environmental education. The rapt attention that they show when learning about things that they have seen all their lives but have never understood is just amazing. Indeed, a humbling experience for those of us who take basic education for granted.

As educators in Africa we have had to challenge many approaches to conservation education. We have to look beyond education simply for the preservation of species and instead look holistically at conservation that includes the needs of people. I have had the privilege to run educational courses with communities along much of the East Coast of South Africa. In all cases I have found that first world attitudes to conservation of species is simply not relevant. I have had to challenge many of my strong conservation beliefs in order to understand and work effectively with rural people. In Africa, conservation education is about people and about teaching people to care for animals and ecosystems for their own future survival.

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The Oceanographic Research Institute Scientific research is vital for effective conservation. Without sound information, rational management decisions cannot be taken. Employing over 27 staff members, research focuses on facilitating sustainable human use of marine ecosystems and resources. Our scientists are active along the entire eastern seaboard of Africa – contributing to the conservation of marine resources in five African countries. The Institute also serves as a valuable training base for students from around Africa. Staff of the Institute have published hundreds of papers and articles and supervised over 50 post‑graduate students.

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Research covers a wide range of topics including coral biodiversity and ecology, marine protected areas, estuarine functioning, offshore resources, coastal zone research and management, research on linefishing and many regional programmes which are done in collaboration with other African countries. One of the advantages of a 60 year old organisation is our ability to manage very long term projects. These long term monitoring project can reveal trends in environmental systems that are simply not evident in more traditional short term projects. For example our linefish research programme has been running for over 50 years and ORI manages a 30 year old public fish tagging project.

ONE PLAN I would now just like to share some examples of how our integrated model is contributing to conservation.

Coral Connections

Sustainable Fishing

For over 25 years our research team has been conducting coral reef research which looks at genetics, connectivity and climate change impacts. Reproduction and disease studies are conducted in the field as well as in a special laboratory together with the aquarium team, who are developing innovative techniques for growing corals. The ability to culture corals will help to relieve pressure on wild colonies. In the aquarium we link the results of the climate change research to coral conservation, using the exquisite exhibits to inspire visitors to save corals – by saving electricity. The research results are used by the relevant authorities in the government to contribute towards the management of South African coral reefs.

The results of our fish stock assessments are used to develop the listing of fish in the South African Sustainable Seafood Initiative. Our exhibits and presentations encourage visitors to only purchase sustainably harvested fish, some of which are on display. Our education team work with the scientists to teach restaurant owners, waiters and retailers about sustainable seafood. The stock assessments are also used by the government as the basis for the development of management protocols for harvested fish.

Support for MPAs Our long term monitoring projects are showing how important local Marine Protected Areas are for the conservation of endemic fish. This information is publicised through our aquarium exhibits, which display the fish which are found in the MPAs and which highlight the research results and discuss the importance of MPAs for conservation. The research results are used in educational programmes with local fishermen – encouraging local support for the MPAs. The research results are also instrumental in the development of management plans for protected areas, and have been used to encourage the government to proclaim new protected areas.

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Penguin Promises As with many zoos and aquariums around the world, we are starting to undertake research into our effectiveness. Using our African Penguin colony as the inspiration, we have launched a Penguin Promises campaign which is a call to action. Visitors are encouraged to make a promise to change something in their daily lives, a behaviour change that will have a positive impact on the environment. A research project to understand the psychographics of visitors making and keeping their promises will help us to reach our visitors more effectively.

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Conclusion SAAMBR truly is a unique organisation – united with ONE PLAN – to help people to care for the oceans. Through the operation of the three divisions SAAMBR embodies the WAZA Conservation Strategy and clearly shows how an aquarium can be a force for in situ conservation action. Although the challenges facing our oceans may seem insurmountable, it is important to keep hope alive after all, as was said by Margaret Mead:

A Perfect Combination of Zoo and Museum – The DARWINEUM Udo Nagel, Zoological Garden Rostock, Germany

‘Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed people can change the world. Indeed it is the only thing that ever has.’

Acknowledgements I would like to thank my Bruce Mann for his patience and insight and SAAMBR for the support to attend this conference. I would finally like to thank the SAAMBR team for their dedication, without their commitment to conservation, much of what we do would not be possible.

The Zoological Garden Rostock is the largest and oldest zoo on the German Baltic Sea coast and will celebrate its 120th anniversary in 2019. 4,500 animals in 320 species are living on a site of 56 hectares. The zoo is constantly trying to improve the husbandry conditions for the animals and at the same time to make the enclosures more attractive for the visitors. By far the largest and most interesting project of the past 10 years was the construction of the DARWINEUM. It offers a nearly perfect combination of zoo and museum. Zoos and museums have got the same aims: • education • environmental protection • research and science Of course they are both leisure facilities.

From the outset we were fully aware that it is not impossible for zoos and museums to work hand in hand. In order to realise the project we considered the following approaches: The objectives of zoos and museums can be linked through the creation of living dioramas. Like in every museum, an appealing design backed up by a sound concept is important. In order to make the scientific exhibition a true experience an emotional atmosphere is needed. This enables to present even serious topics.

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It is important to provide education for all generations (father, mother, child and grandparents).

A few facts and numbers about the DARWINEUM The newbuilding was created in only 15 months and is by far the largest single investment of Rostock Zoo and also of all zoos in Mecklenburg ‑Western Pomerania. More than 1,000 animals in approximately 60 species are living in the 20,000 square metre complex. Starting with a colony of leaf cutting ants via Dotted Rhizostomae and Antelope squirrels finishing with the main occupants of the Tropical Hall with its forest‑like outside enclosures – the great apes. The DARWINEUM is divided into an exhibitional part A, the Tropical Hall and part C, which presents the cultural evolution. The complex has got outdoor enclosures for the great apes of a total size of 11,000 square metres, which offer up to 40 metres high trees for climbing and hiding in.

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Map of Darwineum

The tour The visitors are invited to a journey through geological eras starting with the Big Bang 14 billion years ago and ending with the development of mankind 5 million years ago. In part B the journey stops and emerges into the land of gorillas and orangutans with many other primates. In part C, the cultural history of the people is presented before the visitors finally end up at the present time in the restaurant and shop as well as the National Geographic Cinema.

Education and partner We founded a student network called the “Darwinet” which initiates and publishes transnational projects. Already one year after the opening of the DARWINEUM, children and young adults have been managing many small research projects including the examination of the coral riff and studies about the behaviour of the great apes in their groups. All our educational projects have been supported by the following cooperation‑partners: • Rostock University • National Geographic • Fraunhofer Institut Lübeck • Senkenberg Museum Frankfurt am Main • Beuth Hochschule für Technik Berlin

Summary The DARWINEUM was an attempt of Rostock Zoo to combine museum and zoo. Not only the many design and tourism awards we received show the success of the project but also the rise in visitor numbers. Since the opening in autumn 2012 we could welcome 250,000 more visitors compared with the year before. The DARWINEUM convinces the visitors with a perceptive and communicative design as well as an suitable choice of animals to tell the story of evolution. All together this creates a very emotional atmosphere and this will be hard to find again amongst European zoos.

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Decade on Biodiversity Project Tiago Pinto‑Pereira, WAZA Executive Office

Background / Objectives of the project At the 66th Annual WAZA conference, WAZA members unanimously endorsed the UN Decade on Biodiversity and the Aichi Biodiversity targets as well as a member‑driven WAZA global project The Decade on Biodiversity project will address these by: • Raising public awareness on biodiversity and inspiring people to take action to conserve biodiversity globally – and locally. • Strengthening the capacity of WAZA members to communicate about their conservation role and efforts and give them the opportunity to use unified messages and communication tools globally. • Designing a member‑driven awareness project that is directed by WAZA but implemented in each WAZA institution located throughout the world.

32 Project team members around the world were selected to represent the WAZA membership in all its diversity and help coordinate the work with an Agency (Messaggio Studios) which is designing the tools.

Tone of the communication Simple, clear, educative without being moralising. The message should be adaptable to many different languages (English, French, German, Spanish, Japanese and potentially more languages) One tagline BIODIVERSITY IS US.

Visuals There will be 6 different visuals (in 5 different formats but also flexible enough to be adapted to other formats) designed with images playfully connecting the visitor with the different species. • Logo of the implementing institution (or national or regional association) in a prime location in the upper left‑hand side • Links to social media and the mobile application clearly located at the bottom left • Meanwhile the logos of the United Nations Decade on Biodiversity and WAZA are located on the bottom right‑hand side • A QR code, located with the social media details on the bottom left‑hand side, will make the downloading of the application for smartphones and tablets easy • The visuals may also be adapted by members to create promotional material (caps, t‑shirts, pins, etc.)

Videos The film crew have been visiting numerous WAZA member institutions to collect footage within zoos and aquariums as well as filming different wild locations to have a variety of beautiful images for the three different films we are creating. Filming has taken place in the USA (Georgia Aquarium, WCS New York and Disney Animal Kingdom), Canada (Granby Zoo), Morocco (Rabat Zoo) and France. • 3 different formats will be developed: • 3 min introductory film: to be shown at the entrance of zoos and aquariums, in restaurant areas, and also available on their websites • 13 min educational film: for use by educators and teachers with school groups, or as an introduction to educational programmes or days • 30 sec public service announcement • Plus a 2 second “pack shot” for the members to add their logo and website

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The films will continue in the theme of connecting the visitor with the species. • Messages are aimed at being positive • Pedagogical • Engaging • Promote viewers to take action

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Application An application for mobile devices will be developed: • This application is planned to be widely available by being compatible with the most common smart phones and tablet systems by being designed for both iPhone and Android Operating Systems

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• The main focus of the app is taking action for biodiversity. • A working demo is already available It is divided into three main sections: 1. Me visitor sub‑menu with a Actions to preserve Biodiversity b Games • age specific • pedagogical • interactive 2.

You Species sub‑menu with a Browsing by search a or simplified taxonomic group b Species description available c Where possible IUCN Red List status c and distribution maps will be c provided as well as species‑specific c actions

Zoos and Aquariums a Role of zoos and aquariums in: • Conservation • Research • Education

Social media The Social Media strategy will be focused on: • Positive messages aimed at inspiring people to take action • Encouraging visitors to share with their network what they have done to support biodiversity • It will also interlink with existing communication strategies of WAZA members • Designed to be sustainable

Social media channels currently being considered: • Facebook was chosen for its global appeal. Emphasis on photos and videos make Facebook the core social network for this project, there will therefore be a Biodiversity is Us facebook page • Twitter has more mature content, mainly texts and links and is topic driven, complementing the facebook page • Causes.com is not a social media site per say – but users can pledge support to a project or to actions and share in their own social media streams • YouTube will be used for the storing video content to be shared by others.

How to implement the Project Tools will be made available to members free of charge. However some planning and resource allocation will be needed to: • Plan the location, printing costs and display of the chosen visuals • Plan on adding the videos on existing screens as Public Service Announcements and educational days as well as adding them on your website • Plan on promoting the application, possibly making a public Wi‑Fi available in restaurant areas and entry gates enabling people to download the application • Potentially make use of the interactive game by calculating the number of species that are in your institution and in the app, and challenging your visitors to find all the common species • Plan on interacting with us on social media, being mutually beneficial by increasing visibility

The tools will be launched at the 8th International Zoo and Aquarium Marketing Conference which will be hosted by Bristol Zoo Gardens, from the 12th to the 14th of May 2014. Therefore, these tools cannot be displayed in institutions before that date, but you will be accessible well in advance to organize yourself to launch with the rest of the WAZA community.

Survey In parallel WAZA have worked on a survey with Chester zoo and Warwick University

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Aims at: • Enabling a global evaluation of knowledge about and perception of biodiversity in zoo and aquarium visitors • Assess effectiveness of tools developed for awareness‑raising • Creating a large‑scale evaluation of zoos and aquariums as education centres – which is mostly lacking • Meeting the need of the CBD with regard to achieving Aichi Biodiversity Target 1

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This will be done with pre‑ and post‑visit surveys in 2012/2013 and 2014/2015. page

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Initial results are now available: • 30 participating institutions from around the world with 6’357 pre/post visit survey • 70% of visitors have at least a ‘reasonable’ understanding of biodiversity. In fact 10% have an excellent understanding of biodiversity but, however, 30% had poor to no understanding on biodiversity • Although 62% of respondents reported undertaking actions in the past month only 50% of reported actions could be achieved at the individual level. • The pre‑/post visit surveys demonstrate the positive impact of a visit to a zoo an aquarium with regard to both the understanding of biodiversity and the individual actions that an individual can undertake to preserve biodiversity.

Limitations and challenges • Paper survey; issues with translation, transcription and loss of data. • Geographical diversity and open‑ended questions both have evident limitations.

Initial analysis • Biodiversity understanding/literacy was better than expected in zoo and aquarium visitors. • Knowledge of personal actions/behaviours to help protect biodiversity not as strong. • Visitors did not appear to relate visiting zoos and aquariums as an action to help protect biodiversity. • Significant increases in both biodiversity understanding and knowledge of actions between pre‑ and post‑visit, in zoo and aquarium visitors. Visuals of all the tools in their current state of advancement can be found at: https://docs.google.com/uc? export=download &id=0BzMm9ewzw4ghV3hwODRCcGtpSVU

Increasing Collection Sustainability Requires Diverse One Plan Approaches Robert J. Wiese, San Diego Zoo Global

Formal cooperative breeding programs in zoos and aquariums began in 1981 with the establishment of the Species Survival Plan (SSP) by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) (Conway, 1980; Meritt, 1980; Foose, 1981). Other regional zoo and aquarium associations soon followed with the establishment of their own intensively managed breeding programs. From the beginning some SSPs had successful breeding programs and extensive research and field conservation programs (e.g., tigers, Aruba Island rattlesnake). But for most species these programs were primarily viewed as genetic and demographic lifeboats for the long term. In the early 1990s it was recognized that maintenance of a genetic reservoir alone was not conservation and our breeding programs needed to be relevant today as well as in 100–200 years (Wiese et al., 1994). This led to an active push

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for breeding programs to engage in current research and field conservation efforts which would help conserve species today. Many programs accepted this challenge and the number of active field conservation projects increased as well as the collaboration necessary to implement them. In the late 2000s there was an increased focus on the need to improve the sustainability of the intensively managed breeding programs in zoos and aquariums (Lees and Wilcken, 2009). While attention to the managed breeding programs is critical to the implementation of the zoo and aquarium mission, we cannot lose focus on the bigger picture for those species that are endangered or declining in the wild. The One Plan model has renewed the focus on the importance of integrating all aspects of the species recovery program into one integrated plan. “The One Plan approach … promotes integrated species conservation planning, which considers all populations of the species, inside and outside their natural range, under all conditions of management, engaging all responsible parties and all available resources…” (Byers, et al., 2013). While the One Plan approach has a single unified goal, the application and implementation of the One Plan approach will be very different for every species. There must be extreme flexibility that encourages the engagement of new partners and the development of new methods and scientific approaches that best fit the challenges of the species’ conservation challenges. Similar to an ecosystem that is more robust when there are increased linkages between all the parts, so too will a conservation program be strengthened and more successful if all environmental, biological, political and human aspects are connected and working together.

There are numerous programs that could be highlighted from around the world in every region. The programs that follow are a few that highlight the need to look beyond the typical “tiger model” where animals are paired, reproduce, and maintain a strong intensively managed population while assisting in many active field programs. While this is a great model for tigers and other species that are solitary or pair two‑by‑two and reproduce well, other models for breeding programs need to be explored for species that have strong mate choice or whose natural history is herd‑ or flock‑based. Once the intensively managed program is gaining success it must be integrated appropriately with the full diversity of efforts being implemented to save the species. Cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) have been a challenge for many institutions to breed historically if they manage only one pair. There are several theories for this difficulty, but institutions that manage multiple pairs and allow some form of mate selection have much greater breeding success. This has led the Conservation Centers for Species Survival to partner with the AZA and the AZA Cheetah SSP to implement a new model. Instead of pairs of cheetah scattered throughout all exhibiting institutions receiving breeding recommendations, the program is concentrating the breeding pairs in a few breeding centers that will have multiple pairs. These breeding centers will then provide cheetahs to numerous exhibit zoos that will not breed but focus their efforts to teach and inspire the public to act to preserve this species. The zoos and aquariums that receive the ambassador cheetahs will support the breeding centers, research efforts and field conservation activities through monetary contributions. This may seem like

a small change from the pair‑wise management of the past, but is expected to increase the viability of the cheetah population in North American zoos and aquariums and increase funding for cheetah conservation projects in Africa. Further flexibility and innovation in producing model programs that better consider the species biology are encouraged and promoted by the One Plan approach. From the beginning of collaborative genetic and demographic management herds and flocks have presented special challenges to population managers. Making pair‑wise recommendations for animals living in multi‑male and multi‑female groups is challenging. Initially it is difficult to ensure the correct male and female breed and produce offspring. On the other hand allowing individuals to live in larger groups that breed randomly leads to more rapid loss of gene diversity. Genetic challenges are further intensified by the fairly small groups that most zoos and aquariums maintain compared to the more natural herd and flock sizes in less intensively managed situations. But there is hope for the future of group management on the horizon. The rapidly evolving field of molecular technology will likely lead to a situation where herds can be managed based on the whole genome in the near future. The Conservation Centers for Species Survival (C2S2) are working with several SSPs (e.g., addax) to move toward management of more natural herds. In these programs some small herds (3–10) will continue to be managed in traditional intensive management with pair‑wise recommendations. Some medium‑sized herds (20–50) will be managed as herds at C2S2 institutions that have the space

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to manage these larger herds. The genetics of these herds will be tracked at the herd level. Finally, C2S2 and AZA are beginning discussions with private landowners with very large land holdings that would allow large herds (75 – >100) to be maintained. All three groups would then be managed in a metapopulation model to allow the maintenance of gene diversity and gain the biological benefits of living in a herd. It is believed that individuals living in a herd will be healthier and demonstrate more natural behaviors and social dynamics. If there is the opportunity for reintroduction these individuals should make better candidates for release as well. This endeavor shows that as we look to unique One Plan approaches we must be willing to look to new industries, embrace new technologies and welcome new partners to be successful. An example of the One Plan approach which integrates the intensively managed breeding centers directly with the wild populations in a metapopulation model is developing for the light‑footed clapper rail (Rallus longirostris levipes). This medium‑size rail inhabits the coastal and inland salt marshes of Southern California and northern Baja California, Mexico. This recovery partnership between Sea World

California, Living Coast Discovery Center, Huntington Beach Wetlands Conservancy and San Diego Zoo Global has benefited from a close collaboration with the California Department of Fish and Wildlife and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. The program began as a typical breeding and reintroduction program. Rails or their eggs were transferred from the wild and brought to the intensively managed breeding facilities. Offspring were produced and were then reintroduced. However, this soon led to concerns that the more successful pairs in the breeding centers could genetically swamp the wild breeding pairs. As the program evolved the reintroductions were spread scientifically among the 18 various marshes and some wild caught rails were even directly translocated between marshes to equalize genetic contributions and balance the demographics of each population. Discussions are currently underway to evolve this model further. Rather than bringing rails to the breeding station where they breed repeatedly for 5–7 years, there is a desire to collect rails and eggs for the breeding centers for 1–2 years and then return them to their natal marsh or translocate them to another marsh. Then younger birds can be brought into the breeding centers to increase their contribution. This will minimize the costs and pairs at the breeding centers and maximize the program’s enhancement of a broader genetic contribution. This effort has seen great success increasing the total number of rails from less than 200 pairs in 2000 to more than 500 pairs today.

Probably one of the most intricate and complicated recovery programs with an intensively managed breeding and reintroduction effort is the black‑footed ferret (Mustela nigripes). After the black‑footed ferret was thought to be extinct, the species was rediscovered in 1981. Due to disease outbreaks in the wild population all remaining ferrets were brought into a breeding facility by 1987. Eighteen ferrets were collected for the breeding program, but these represented only about 7 different founders. Over the more than 30 years since the rediscovery the number and diversity of partners has been impressive. Dozens of federal agencies, state agencies, NGOs, for‑profit companies, private landowners and several zoos have participated collaboratively. The recovery effort began as a typical breeding program that was designed to produce ferrets for release. As challenges to the breeding and release program were recognized an incredible amount of research and collaboration was directed to answer each obstacle to move toward the successful establishment of free‑ranging populations. Today there are nearly a dozen successful populations, but they are still monitored as they rise and fall based on environmental and disease factors. All the populations are managed as an integrated metapopulation and some of the free‑ranging populations have been able to provide ferrets for translocation to other populations. One continuing concern to the black‑footed ferret recovery team is the low gene diversity that was represented in the few founders from the last wild population. The breeding program has successfully used cryopreserved sperm from one founder long after their death to produce kits that helped re‑infuse some of the gene diversity that was lost when this single male failed to breed well. Unfortunately, cryopreserved semen samples were not abundant and not all founders were represented. Historically,

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breeding programs were limited to the genetic material that was represented in the founders. However, breakthroughs in modern genetic technology may bring an end to that dilemma. While there are no egg or semen samples from other populations of black‑footed ferrets, there are some frozen tissue and cell lines that were taken from the founder animals and several animals from another population. In the near future it appears that these frozen tissues may be able to be turned into pluripotent stem cells and their genetic complement introduced into the living ferret population. There is also hope that one day genetic variation from museum specimens could be reanimated and added to the living ferret population. This will represent not only management of the current populations in a metapopulation model, but will also allow genetic management across the dimension of time as well. Historical, extinct populations potentially could be managed with living, extant populations. This will take the One Plan approach to new dimensions. The One Plan approach has focused traditional breeding programs on the importance of embracing diverse approaches, integrating greatly across disciplines and human factions. There are many excellent examples of how recovery efforts have used the One Plan approach to build coordinated networks of diverse collaborators. Going forward zoos and aquariums must reach out early in the development of their intensive breeding efforts to find the best model for the species biology and to incorporate the many diverse audiences that will make recovery possible.

Literature Cited • Byers, O., Lees, C., Wilchen, J. & Schwitzer, C. (2013) WAZA Magazine 14: 2–5. • Conway, W. (1980) New conservation perspectives. Proceedings of the Annual Conference of AAZPA. AAZPA: Wheeling, WV. Pp 30–38. • Foose, T. (1981) An update on the Species Survival Plan (SSP) of AAZPA. Proceedings of the Annual Conference of AAZPA. AAZPA: Wheeling, WV. Pp 8–15. • Lees, C. M. & Wilcken, J. (2009) Sustaining the ark: The challenges faced by zoos in maintaining viable populations. International Zoo Yearbook 43: 6–18. • Meritt, D. (1980) A Species Survival Plan for AAZPA. Proceedings of the Annual Conference of AAZPA. AAZPA: Wheeling, WV. Pp 69–75. • Wiese, R. J., K. Willis, & Hutchins, M. (1994). Is genetic and demographic management conservation? Zoo Biology 13 (4): 297–299.

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1 Plenary st

Lake Buena Vista, Orlando 15 October 2013 Start at 2.00 pm – End at 4.00 pm

Annual Report by the WAZA President Jörg Junhold

East Asia and the improvement of our communication. I have tried to follow up these issues also in my second year and today I like to report about the achievements using our corporate strategy as a baseline.

Review Develop and deliver WAZA’s core conservation activities

Dear members, It is a great honour and pleasure for me to welcome you to this 68th WAZA Annual Conference in Orlando. This has been already the second year of my presidency and turned out again to be a real exciting experience for me with many travels across the world and inspiring meetings with colleagues and friends. And I like to point out one thought at the beginning of my report: these meetings and discussions, these exchanges of ideas and experiences are one of the most important values of WAZA. WAZA is all about cooperation and forming a community, and coming together from all over the world brings to life this idea behind our organization. Therefore I am very grateful for the hospitality that I have experienced everywhere. Thank you again, colleagues, for hosting me in such a warm atmosphere! At the beginning of my presidency I postulated fife strategic key issues fo my term which are in line with the WAZA Future Strategy. These are the participation in the UN Decade on Biodiversity, WAZA’s input to ensure sustainable animal collections, to work on an ethical animal welfare framework of our association, to support membership growth especially in China and South

UN Decade on Biodiversity As you may remember WAZA has decided to actively take part in the Decade on Biodiversity 2011–2020 and our organization is an official partner of IUCN in this respect. Last year we voted for a corresponding budget comprised of a grant of the Swiss MAVA Foundation in the amount of 900.000 CHF which is increased by an amount of 300.000 CHF taken from our financial reserves. This budget will cover the costs of the WAZA Decade on Biodiversity Project which is running for three years. The work has already started and is coordinated by a new staff position in the Executive Office, Mr. Tiago Pinto‑Pereira since the beginning of 2013. 32 zoos around the world are partnering in the development of interactive communication tools and have conducted a first visitor survey about biodiversity knowledge of zoo visitors. We will get an update about the status of this important project during this conference and I hope that each of you is considering to make use of the communication tools that WAZA is offering to all its members. This project is a one time chance to intensify our collaboration and make WAZA more visible for millions of visitors.

Update of WZACS The World Zoo and Aquarium Conservation Strategy is our most important document and was updated in 2005 which was ten years after its first publishing. We felt that it was time again to discuss if we have to adapt WZACS to the new developments. I remember for example early discussions in the Conservation and Sustainability Committee Meeting in Prague 2011 if we should include the climate change issue with a new chapter. Now we have officially started this process and formed a group which is operating this update under the leadership of our Conservation Committee Chair Rick Barongi. A two day workshop took place in May 2013 at Houston Zoo and a lot of input was produced how to make the WZACS a useful and applicable guideline for each member. We have discussed the goals and the target audiences again and the issues that we have to add into the document, for example like climate change, integrated conservation management under the key phrase „One Plan Approach“, collection sustainability, amphibian crisis, the Aichi process and new communication tools like social media. We also had intensive discussions about the best possible style how to arrange the content with the goal to rather stramline the volume than to produce more text. The group has set an ambitious schedule and aimes to finalise the update in early 2015. Most important we have also thought about a small instructional and a larger promotional leaflet for better internal and external public awareness of the Conservation Strategy: 2020 Vision, as we have called the updated document.

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Develop and strenghten WAZA’s external partnerships You are aware that WAZA has signed several MoUs with international organizations to improve the collaboration. We have aimed to raise our visibility and presence even more.

New IUCN‑President The new IUCN President who was elected in Jeju Korea in September 2012 is Mr Zhang Xinsheng from China. During his visit at the IUCN Headquarters in Gland in February 2013 Dr Gerald Dick and I had the chance to meet with him. He is coming from an NGO background and has a broad network of contacts for his work. During the intensive discussions with him we tried to find out how to better integrate WAZA’s work and goals into the international conservation community. Another topic was how WAZA can convince more Chinese zoos to raise their standards and to become WAZA members. The meeting with Mr. Xinsheng took place in a very open and friendly atmosphere and we are looking forward to a fruitful future cooperation with him.

GRASP The Great Apes Survival Partnership (GRASP) invited WAZA to join their Council meeting in November 2012 in Paris which I had the honour to do. GRASP was founded as a United Nations Environmental Programme initiative and is consisting of the 23 range states of great apes and numerous other organizations. The alliance aimes to have closer contacts to zoos and their associations in order to improve the ex situ – in situ link. WAZA was offered a permanent seat

as observer in their council meetings. Although the zoo associations and GRASP work on different levels I got the impression that combined forces may offer many opportunities for common future projects and I like to invite all of you, especially those who are keeping great apes, to keep updated about the work of GRASP and support this initiative. CITES CoP 16 The 16th CITES Conference of the Parties took place in Bangkok in March 2013 and WAZA was well represented by Dr Gerald Dick, Kris Vehrs from AZA and myself. In general the conference saw some important developments to add threatened species to the list of protected species, for example five shark species. We can only applaude these results seen in the light of the massive unsustainable and cruel killing of millions of sharks per year only for their fins. In general, zoos as institutions are every day touched by CITES regulations but they will only play a small role in the overall bureaucratic system behind this trade agreement. Nevertheless we need to lobby for the improvement of the specific regulations concerning our zoo animal transfers because we are no commercial dealers or consumers of wildlife. It is worth the effort that we keep on being present during the CITES Conferences and moreover.

International Air Transportation Associa‑ tion (IATA) At the end of 2012 WAZA was invited to take a seat in the Live Animals and Perishables Board meetings of IATA. You know that the air transportation of live animals is vital for every zoo but that we are facing more and more restrictions and regulations in this field. Many air carriers are not offering transport of animals at

all anymore and are limiting our possibilities for the management of sustainable populations. As for CITES mentioned before we need to lobby for our needs and therefore I am happy that IATA made this offer to us. Mr. Andreas Kaufmann from Zoo & Wildlife Consulting Services Austria has thankfully taken over the role to represent WAZA at these Board meetings and I like to thank him on behalf of all of us for this important work.

Conservation Breeding Specialist Group The CBSG is our closest link to IUCN and as you know our annual meetings are always combined to enhance the common work and discussion. I have always felt that we should make much more use of this cooperation in order to profit from this link to the international UN conservation community. But we have now another good opportunity to cooperate with CBSG more intensively: the „One Plan Approach“ is this important new key word. I like to stress that it is not only a new phrase for already existing tools but it is somehow a powerful new thinking! The One Plan Approach promotes integrated species conservation planning which inlcudes all existing populations of the species, be it in zoos or in the natural range, and combines all responsible parties and all available resources. We need to bring together all these dedicated people, all available skills and data to work out this One Plan for species survival. Doing this will lead to manifold results: it will form new partnerships with more trust and understanding between the different parties, it will ensure that zoo populations – and other intensively managed populations – reach their full conservation potential, it will enhance the development of species planning tools and in the end help to reach the Aichi Biodiversity Tagets.

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WAZA has taken the first step to introduce this One Plan Approach within our own community by intensifying the work on Global Species Management Plans. Now we need to take the second step and define those species which are close to extiction and need a combined population management approach – both in situ and ex situ – and by doing this we can achieve the best possible result for species conservation!

ISIS and ZIMS The migration to ZIMS is progressing fast and a majority of the ISIS members, about 75%, is using it already. The full introduction of this first basic module will be finished quite soon. As scheduled ISIS is currently developing the Release 2 „Veterinary Medicine“ to be released in mid 2014. After that the Release 3 for „Studbooks“ will follow. You will also have noticed that several updates of the basic software were released over time which contain the corrections of software bugs and many improvements of the user interface, for example the tool for a current population sustainability analysis for any of the 13,000 species or the possibility to share any of your data with other zoos beyond the globally‑shared basic data. I can report from my zoo that we have started this year to train also our head keepers in using ZIMS so that they can fill in relevant data. This is working fine and I think that we can see now more of the full potential that ZIMS means for our community.

Increase WAZA’s visibility and positive impact Branded projects The number of branded WAZA Conservation Projects has well increased going up to 237 in August 2013 from 228 projects mentioned in my report last year. I think that we see this steady increase because the branding scheme is appreciated as a beneficial tool for the public visibility of good projects. I like to thank our WAZA Conservation Officer Markus Gusset for taking care of this part of our work that successfully.

World Species Congress 2015 As I have reported last year IUCN is discussing to organize a World Species Congress in order to make the single threatened species and the necessary measures for their conservation more visible. WAZA is still interested to become a major partner of this undertaking as we feel that such a big public event would highlight the role of zoos for direct species conservation very well. I am currently trying to organize political support in order to apply for hosting this congress in Germany. At the moment I cannot say if this will turn out to be successful.

Travels to India and Ethiopia By the end of last year I had the opportunity to combine two travels which are connected to Zoo Leipzig projects also with the representation of WAZA.

In Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Leipzig Zoo supports the master plan for a new lion exhibit to replace the old outdated lion zoo. In this respect I was invited to the ground breaking ceremony during the 125th Anniversary of Addia Ababa City in November 2012. I have highlighted the role of zoos for conservation again. A second travel led me to New Delhi, India, where I signed an MoU between Zoo Leipzig and the Central Zoo Authority (CZA) India about cooperation in population management and conservation. I have hightlighted as well the importance of zoos for these tasks and invited the CZA to inspire their zoos to become WAZA members. As you know New Delhi Zoo will be our host for the Annual Conference next year and I have noticed that the preparations are progressing and that the zoo and CZA are looking forward to this important event.

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Improve and develop internal organization, reflecting needs of institutional members and the associations Structure of Council meetings As mentioned last year the council has started to have periodical conference calls between the two annual council meetings. In 2013 we have continued to do this and I think that it is a useful instrument to keep up the communication up on a better level.

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Structure of committee work You will remember that the council and the committee chairs have discussed about the structure of our committees and their work last year in order to streamline it. During the last conference we have presented the new structure and have put it into effect. This new structure will be included in the updated Bylaws as well which we will discuss and put into effect during this conference. In general I have the feeling that the new structure and assignment of duties to the committees is working well and will lead to improved results. The committees are the backbone of our work and offer the possibility that many individuals can contribute their ideas and opinions. Therefore I would be happy if many of you use the chance to get engaged at this point.

Regional and national associations Again I was invited by several regional associations to attend their annual meetings or other specific conferences. I have tried to take part when ever possible and have always enjoyed the hospitality of our colleagues. Where ever possible I have presented WAZA’s work and goals in order to improve future cooperation within our community.

on Biodiversity work but this is well calculated and will not in general influence our overall well based financial situation.

Membership growth WAZA has continued to be on the path to grow as an organization thanks to many of you who are talking to non member zoo directors and inspiring them to think about a membership – even in economic difficult times like today. I hope that our intensified contact to the Chinese and Indian zoo associations will result in new members over the next years. For India this is already visible with Mysore Zoo as a new member.

Maintain and develop a culture of professional management and governance Animal Welfare Strategy

Financial situation

You will remember that we have discussed and started through a CBSG workshop the development of a WAZA Animal Welfare Strategy during the last Annual Conference in Melbourne. There are many reaons to do this. One is that we need to have clear definitions for our members how to integrate animals welfare into the daily work and a second one is that we need a comprehensive document for ourself and the public which is especially opposing the attacks of animal rights groups.

Thanks to careful financial management and a slow but steady increase of members WAZA has a safe economic basis. As mentioned before we have decided last year to invest an amount of 300.000 CHF over three years into the Decade

I can say today that we have achieved real progress in this project. Thanks to the dedicated work of Susan Hunt in her role as Chair of the Ethics and Animal Welfare Committee a successful one day workshop took place in April 2013

Secure the financial growth and stability needed to implement the strategy

at the IUCN Conservation Centre Gland. The outcome was then further worked out by Susan and her group and during this conference we are happy to present a draft of the WAZA Animal Welfare Strategy. This whole subject is of great importance for our community and I urge you to take part in the discussions about it.

WAZA Council and Committees

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During this year, Lee Ehmke (Minnesota Zoological Gardens, USA) has served as the Vice Presidient of WAZA, with Lena Lindén (Nordens Ark, Sweden), Joanne Lalumière (Granby Zoo, Canada), Kevin Bell (Lincoln Park Chicago, USA), Rick Barongi (Houston Zoo, USA), David Field (ZSL London, UK), Olivier Pagan (Zoo Basel, Switzerland), Susan Hunt (Perrth Zoo, Australia) making up the elected WAZA Council, supported by our Immediate Past President Mark Penning (Disney’s Animal Kingdom, USA). Next to that they have chaired the different committees in the new structure that was approved last year. It has always been a pleasure for me to work with these experienced colleagues and at this point of my report I like to thank them for their trustful cooperation and friendship!

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Executive Office

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I had three separate meetings with our Executive Director Gerald Dick (in Leipzig and Gland) and regular phone calls with him in between. I also met him in Bangkok during the CITES CoP, in Munich during VdZ Conference and in Edinburgh during EAZA Conference. One meeting was prior to the meeting with the IUCN President and I used the opportunity to have a dinner together with the office team and also to express our thanks for their dedicated work.

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Participation in meetings/events I had the opportunity to take part in different meetings and events during the last months after the WAZA Annual Conference: • 6–8 November 2012: GRASP Council Meeting, Paris (France) • 23–25 November 2012: 125th Anniversary City of Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) and ground breaking ceremony for new lion exhibit (1st step of new zoo) • 30 November – 2 December 2012: Visit of Central Zoo Authority New Delhi (India). Signing of MoU for conservation programme Leipzig Zoo – CZA, discussion about WAZA Conference location • 9 November 2012: Official retirement farewell ceremony of Uli Schuerer, Zoo Wuppertal (Germany), Welcome address on behalf of WAZA • 11 January 2013: Zoo Leipzig (Germany). Meeting with Gerald Dick, review and appraisal 2012, workplan and participation in congresses/meetings 2013 • 15–18 January 2013: AZA Strategic Directors Day, New Orleans (USA) with a fantastic WAZA session on international trends in zoo design organized and led by our President elect Lee Ehmke together with Sue Chin (WCS) • 31 January – 1 February 2013: Meeting with IUCN President in Gland, IUCN Headquarters / meeting with Gerald Dick and office team • 4 March 2013: Workshop „Zoo of the future“, Green party of the German Bundestag, Berlin (Germany), presentation on behalf of WAZA • 8–14 March 2013: 16th CITES CoP, Bangkok (Thailand) • 9 March 2013: Action Animals Asia – Workshop cunducted by the IUCN SSC Chair, Bangkok (Thailand)

• 22–25 April 2013: 24th Conference and AGM of PAAZAB; Cape Town (South Africa), Welcome adress on behalf of WAZA • 25–26 April 2013: EAZA Directors Day and Spring Council Meeting; Athens (Greece), Participation of EAZA Council meeting as observer • 3–5 May 2013: WAZA Workshop for update of WZACS; Houston Zoo (USA) • 29–31 May 2013: Annual Conference of Association of German Zoodirectors (VdZ), Munich (Germany), Update on WAZA activities 2012/2013 at AGM • 9–13 June 2013: Annual Conference of APLPZA; Sao Paulo (Brazil), Keynote presentation „The Future of Zoos and Aquariums: Where are we going?“ • 14 June 2013: IZW Berlin (Germany); External appraiser in the framework of the evaluation – research activities within the WAZA community • 3 July 2013: Zoo Frankfurt (Germany); WAZA welcome adress at the opening ceremony of the new entrance area / sloth bear exhibit • June – August 2013: Member of the Nominating Committee of t he Indianapolis Prize 2014 • 30 August 2013: Opel Zoo Kronberg (Germany); WAZA welcome address at the opening ceremony of new elephant enclosure • 8–13 September 2013: AZA Annual Conference; Kansas City Zoo (USA); Welcome adress at the WAZA breakfast • 24–28 September 2013: EAZA Annual Conference; Edingburgh (UK), Council Meeting, Since 01 June 2013 as EAZA Council member • 10–17 October 2013: CBSG and WAZA Annual Meeting and Conference; Orlando (USA)

Final remarks At the closing of this conference my final year as President of WAZA will be finished. It has been an exciting and inspiring time and I have met many colleagues and made up new friendships. I still feel that this presidency has been one of the most important duties in my life and it was a great honour to serve our zoo community in this honorary post. Thanks to all of you for having the trust in me. My last and true thanks go to Gerald Dick and the whole team of the WAZA Executive Office – they have supported me where ever possible and are the center of the successful work that WAZA is doing!

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WAZA Executive Office Report Gerald Dick, Executive Director

Implement corporate identity of WAZA • Offer WAZA CD actively to members, especially for their websites • Establish contacts with marketing units of members • Use the UN Decade on Biodiversity for further promoting WAZA internationally

Enforce contacts with partners

Work Plan of Executive Director Organise the Executive Office • Staff appraisal twice a year, providing daily guidance • Modernize PC hardware • Optimising and potentially outsourcing of bookkeeping • Strengthen personal support of director for Council work • Optimising administrative procedures, development of organisational handbook

WAZA’s Decade on Biodiversity Project (2013–2015) • Finalize contracts with MAVA foundation and communication agency • Recruit a project manager as new staff member • Securing project management and financial controlling • Start project with selected 30+ members (visitor survey, communication tools)

• Take part in international zoo conferences and regional meetings • Continue cooperation and joint activities with IUCN and other partners, with which WAZA holds MoUs W (eg World Species Congress 2015) • Explore cooperation with ICOM and BGCI • Strengthen relationship between WAZA and EAZA • Development of the relationship to Chinese Zoos and their association

Use international meetings to further position WAZA

• Assist in developing a WAZA conservation and animal welfare strategy • Review of the strategic directions with regard to strengthening population management

Programmatic preparation of 68th WAZA Annual Conference • WAZA technical Congress with focus on the “one plan” theme • Incorporate conference feedback of 2012 as much as possible • Prepare a WAZA magazine with the focus on “one plan” • Liaise with Disney in order to prepare conference details and agreement • Liaise with all future conference hosts (till 2017) to guarantee preparation

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Midyear meetings, April 2013, Gland and administration • Prepare meetings and workshop on animal welfare • Prepare and conduct Council elections • Prepare and facilitate bylaws revision

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• Represent WAZA at the COP16 of CITES

Implement WAZA corporate strategy • Focus on new members, support Membership Committee • Focus on implementing the decade on Biodiversity project • Focus on increased outreach by using the Decade on Biodiversity project • Explore establishment of corporate sponsorships

Ongoing activities • Financial management • Providing members with updates • Liaise with WAZA Council regularly • Reminding of action points for Council • Troubleshooting • WAZA News 4 times a year

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Executive Office Staff

Elected Council Members

As per August 2013 the office staff consisted of 4.5 full time equivalents (FTE). Names and allocated tasks are detailed as follows:

Region 1

• Gerald Dick (1.0), Executive Director • Michèle Hauert (1.0), Executive Assistant, Office manager • Carole Lecointre (0.7), Marketing and communication • Markus Gusset (0.8), International studbooks and conservation • Tiago Pinto‑Pereira (1.0), Decade project manager • Gabriela Allen, Office support on an hourly basis

WAZA Council Elections 2013 Between 13 May and 13 June 2013 the WAZA Council elections were carried out. For the first time the electronic voting system “simplyvoting.com” was applied and after a test run amongst Council members it was proven to work well and serve the purpose. Out of 272 eligible members 186 voted, which comes to a voter turnout of 68%. The electronic voting was closed on 13 June at 4.30 pm CET in the presence of Mr Giuseppe Zaccagnini, IUCN attorney at law and the result is the following:

Ratification of Officers • President: Lee Ehmke, Minnesota Zoological Gardens, USA • President‑elect: Susan Hunt, Perth Zoo, Australia

• Kevin Bell, Lincoln Park zoo, USA • Mary Healy, Sacramento zoo, USA • Rick Barongi, Houston zoo, USA

Region 2 • David Field, Zoological Society London, UK • Lena Lindén, Nordens Ark, Sweden • Olivier Pagan, Zoo Basel, Switzerland

Region 3 • Jenny Gray, Zoos Victoria, Australia

Marketing / Communication Press Releases • February 2013: New Frog Species Discovered • May 2013: Decade on Biodiversity project Web‑News • 12.10.12 Alex Rübel Receives WAZA Highest Honour: Heini Hediger Award 2012 • 13.11.12 HELP us rebuild the New York Aquarium • 16.11.12 WAZA Conservation Project of the month – November 2012 • 13.12.12 WAZA Conservation Project of the month • 04.02.13 WAZA Conservation Project of the month – February 2013

• 04.02.13 Welcome to the WAZA Treefrog! • 05.03.13 WAZA Conservation Project of the month – March 2013 • 08.03.13CITES Transport Guidelines Adopted • 08.04.13 WAZA Conservation Project of the month – April 2013 • 19.04.13 Read the Spring edition of Sandscript • 13.05.13 Violence in the Dzanga‑Sanga National Park • 14.05.13 WAZA Conservation Project of the month – May 2013 • 04.06.13 WAZA Conservation Project of the month – June 2013 • 02.07.13 WAZA Conservation project of the month – July • 18.07.13 Worldwide Action to Stop Illegal Killing of Wildlife • 29.07.13 WAZA Conservation project of the month – August • 02.09.13 WAZA Conservation project of the month – September

Proceedings of the 68th Annual Conference October 2013 Orlando

WAZA Website (www.waza.org) Website figures: • As of end August 2013 there were 503 members registered on the member’s area, which is an increase of 11% since last year (452). • Average of 1589 visits/day (1 Sept 2012 to 31 August 2013): + 18% compared to 1 Sept 2011 to 31 August 2012 (1348). • On average the visitors stay 1 minute and 16 sec on WAZA website; they are from 218 different countries, with the US in first position, followed by Mexico and Spain. France is now in 7th position reflecting the increased availability of French pages.

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Figure 1.

Country United States Mexico Spain United Kingdom Colombia Argentina France Canada Peru Australia

Proceedings of the 68th Annual Conference October 2013 Orlando

Figure 2.

Visits 140,998 65,948 43,961 40,421 24,185 22,351 19,676 16,870 15,970 12,835

% 24,30% 11,36% 7,5% 6,96% 4,16% 3,85% 3,39% 2,90% 2,75% 2,21%

• Traffic sources: most of the visitors find the website through search engines, or through referring sites and also direct traffic (visitors who visited the site by typing the URL directly into their browser). See Figure 1+2. • The favourite page on WAZA website is still the virtual zoo.

WAZA Facebook page • WAZA opened its Facebook page in February 2012. • Today WAZA has about 2130 likes. See Figure 3.

8th WAZA Marketing Conference 2014 The conference will be hosted by Bristol Zoo Gardens, UK from May 12th to 14th 2014. The theme for this marketing conference will be “Communicating Biodiversity: Leadership by Zoos” with 5 different sessions: • Communicating biodiversity through modern technologies • Resourcing biodiversity conservation • Promoting “biodiversity‑friendly” behavioural change • Negative publicity damages biodiversity communication

• Leading biodiversity communication • This Conference will be the perfect occasion to launch the WAZA Decade on Biodiversity project. One full day before the conference (May 11th 2014) will be dedicated to the Decade on Biodiversity project; WAZA expect to welcome all project members (30 institutional members) to describe all the tools of the project and to help our members to prepare for the launch of this project in their institutions.

WAZA Flash WAZA has launched a new communication tool in May 2013: the WAZA Flash. It is WAZA’s weekly e‑Newsletter, only for WAZA members. We share specific information about WAZA (events, news, survey etc…), interesting articles or links, controversial news etc…

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Membership Brochure WAZA is currently working on the developement of a new membership brochure. This tool will be used to present all the advantages of being a WAZA member to attract more institutions and corporate members. This new brochure should be ready by the end of 2013.

“The Decade Project”: WAZA in support of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity

Figure 3.

Surveys WAZA ran 2 surveys this year: • The marketing database survey: the objective is to collect information to create a marketing database with all marketing/communication/ PR contacts of WAZA members. • The Animal Welfare survey: to prepare the 2013 Annual Conference’s workshop “Animal Welfare is our Core Business: how are we ensuring positive welfare in our zoos?” and also gather more details for the work on the new Animal Welfare Strategy.

Publications WAZA News (4 times per year) and WAZA magazine Vol. 14 “Towards Integrated Species Conservation” (published in August 2013), coin-

ciding with the theme of the annual conference 2013, were published. Proceedings of the WAZA Annual Conference 2012 were published online (complete version, including technical congress in member area) and proceedings of the technical congress only as separate publication for download on the public domain (both published in March 2013).

Video At the occasion of the Australian Tennis Open in 2013, a 15 sec video of tennis player Roger Federer stating that he supports WAZA Zoos was published on WAZA website. Thanks go to Zoos Victoria for their help! This video was also translated in Spanish by Temaiken Bioparque for Argentina.

Proceedings of the 68th Annual Conference October 2013 Orlando

During its 66th Annual conference WAZA members unanimously endorsed the UN Decade on Biodiversity and supported both the Aichi Biodiversity targets and a WAZA global project supporting both the Decade and the Aichi targets. The aim of this project is to support WAZA members in a joint effort to save biodiversity by engaging visitors of zoos and aquariums. A project proposal was submitted to the MAVA Foundation for Nature and after some negotiations the revised application was finally accepted in December 2012. All planning documents, technical and financial, were prepared for the contract with the foundation and signed. The pre‑selected agency, messaggio, prepared the final plans for the implementation of the project and the contract with the agency was signed, in order to start with the implementation in January 2013.

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Now, a modular set of awareness raising tools is being developed as a recognisable framework, but adaptable to regional, cultural and individual institutional situations. These consist of: • Posters • Mobile / Tablet application • Social Media campaign • Films The Decade on Biodiversity Project has been advancing strongly with advances having been made on all the tools which will be launched at the 8th International Zoo and Aquarium Marketing Conference which will be hosted by Bristol Zoo Gardens, 12–14 May 2014.

Visuals The designs of the visuals are almost finalized with the texts and images having already been approved. They will be available in five different formats to facilitate their display in as wide a selection of displays as possible.

Mobile application The general design and structure of the mobile application, for both Smartphone and Tablets (both iPhone and Android operating systems) has been finalized. With help from the project team members, the CBD and various colleagues in IUCN (particularly the Red List team) as well as feedback from various IUCN Species Specialist Groups we are currently working on the content. We have taken on board recommendations to make the role of actions as important as possible. The application will have a strong social element by linking to the social media strategy and enabling users to share items to their own network.

Social Media The Social media campaign strategy has been drafted and work is underway to ensure accurate metrics to evaluate the impact of the dialogue created with visitors of zoos and aquariums. Work is also underway to plan ahead the content and type of interaction we will be carrying out.

Films The scripts for the films (13 min, 3 min and 30 sec as public service announcement) have been finalized and filming is currently taking place and will cover 3 continents, to ensure a global appeal. Many thanks to the Project Team Member zoos which have accepted to facilitate the filming process within their institutions.

Survey A first round survey on the biodiversity literacy of zoo and aquarium visitors has been conducted with the valuable support of some WAZA members, Chester Zoo and The University of Warwick. Initial results will be shared with WAZA members during the conference. In order to see any change, a second round survey will be conducted in 1,5 year’s time. This is the first global effort to get such data on a scientifically sound basis, being practically applicable at the same time.

WAZA Training Grant WAZA Council decided in Melbourne to fully fund the proposal of Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust, “Building Colombia’s Capacity for Endangered Small Primate Conservation:

A Callitrichid Conservation Husbandry Training Workshop” with €5,000; furthermore to fully fund the proposal of AMACZOOA “AMACZOOA Amphibian ex situ Conservation Course and AMACZOOA Amphibian Conservation Strategy Workshop” with €7,134; and to partly fund the proposal by ALPZA “Advances in Wild Animal Keeping” with €5,000. For 2013 eleven applications were received, the decision is to be taken at the Disney conference.

WAZA branded Conservation projects

Proceedings of the 68th Annual Conference October 2013 Orlando

The number of WAZA‑branded conservation projects has continued to increase to 240 in August 2013 (see Figure 4). The following projects have been branded since the 2012 Annual Conference, starting with the project number (first two digits indicate year of branding), followed by the name and a short description of the project. Organisation (s) implementing the project are indicated in parentheses. 1st Plenary • 12013 – Sumatran Tiger Trust Conservation Program: to help save Sumatran tigers from extinction in Indonesia (Sumatran Tiger Trust and Program Konservasi Harimau Sumatera) • 12014 – The Bristol Community Plant Collection: to create the first national plant collection of annual plants in the UK (Bristol Zoo Gardens) • 12015 – Humboldt Penguin Conservation Strategies: to establish a Humboldt penguin breeding colony in Chile (National Zoological Gardens of Chile)

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Support of WAZA Committees Membership Committee: The acquisition of new members continued and resulted in an increase of membership by 2.9% (end 2012 compared to end August 2013). Following the WAZA corporate strategy (Activity 5.1.1) the number of members increased by 14.8% since end of 2009. Currently, WAZA has 334 members, excluding Life and Honorary members. Membership files were kept up‑to‑date in the executive office.

Figure 4.

• 12016 – Restocking of the Lesser White‑fronted Goose: to strengthen the small fragments of lesser white‑fronted geese in Sweden (Swedish Environmental Protection Agency) • 13001 – Building Institutional Capacity of the Port Moresby Nature Park: to increase the institutional capacity of the Port Moresby Nature Park in Papua New Guinea (Port Moresby Nature Park) • 13002 – Living With Lions: to conserve viable populations of Africa’s large carnivores by developing management techniques that foster coexistence in Kenya (Living With Lions) • 13003 – Maasai Steppe Big Cats Conservation Initiative: to protect big cats, their habitat and prey by partnering with local communities in Tanzania (African People & Wildlife Fund)

• 13004 – The Soul of the Andes: to support the conservation of the Andean cat and its habitat in Argentina by favouring local community engagement (Andean Cat Alliance) • 13005 – Gorilla Rehabilitation and Conservation Education (GRACE) Center: to provide rehabilitation facilities and care for rescued Grauer’s gorillas in the Democratic Republic of Congo (Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International) • 13006 – Discovering the Ecology of the Florida Bonneted Bat: to study the ecology of Florida bonneted bats in the USA (Zoo Miami) • 13007 – Community‑based Wild Cats Conservation Program: to determine the ecology of the felid assemblage native to Belize (Lamanai Field Research Center) • 13008 – Hicatee Conservation Initiative: to discover the natural history of Central American river turtles in Belize (Zoo Miami)

Committee for Population Management: In the period from 1 September 2012 to 31 August 2013, one international studbook (ISB) was archived, three new ISBs were established, 10 ISBs were transferred to new keepers and one ISB was transferred to a new institution. At the end of the reporting period, six issues were pending. There are currently 129 active ISBs, including 163 species or sub‑species (10 ISBs cover more than one taxon). There are currently six Global Species Management Plans (GSMPs): Sumatran tiger, red panda, blue‑crowned laughingthrush, Amur tiger, Goodfellow’s tree kangaroo and Amur leopard. An evaluation of current ISBs, both keepers and data, was supported. Funding was provided for training studbook keepers, evaluation of current ISBs and GSMP meeting support. In 2014, the first‑ever Joint TAG Chairs Meeting will be supported. Committee for Conservation and Sustainability: The development of the revised World Zoo and Aquarium Conservation Strategy was supported (assist with organising and providing funds for the first workshop, contribute chapters and help with overall production).

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Committee for Ethics and Animal Welfare: The development of the World Zoo and Aquarium Animal Welfare Strategy was supported (assist with organising and funding the first workshop, contribute chapters and help with overall production).

Climate Change The WAZA member Papiliorama (Caspar Bijleveld) has developed the idea of setting up a CO2 compensation fund within the framework of WAZA. As the management of such a separate entity as a foundation might be too complicated in terms of management and finances and given that the positive feedback on the idea was not as extensive as hoped, the offer of mitigating CO2 emissions will be discussed within CBSG and further developed in a lighter way.

Flood Emergency Support for Prague Zoo In July 2013 Europe was again hit by a disastrous flood. The Prague Zoo in the Czech Republic was highly affected and the whole lower part of the zoo was under water. Animals could be evacuated, so there was no loss in animals, except some small ones. WAZA could start an emergency support collection via the WAZA website and finally over 12,000.- $ US could be transferred as emergency support.

WAZA Corporate Strategy Update The strategic partnerships, as outlined in the strategic direction 2 were further implemented by supporting the SSC of IUCN and CBSG of IUCN, by taking part in the CBD CoP 11, November 2012 and the CITES CoP 16, March 2013. More information is provided in the international relationships report. Since the Annual Conference in Prague, 2011, the focus of work was on developing an externally funded project, based on the resolution RES 66.1. After the Annual Conference in Melbourne, 2012 the application for the Decade on Biodiversity project (following Activity 5.2.3) was revised and the finance planning finalised. For a financial contribution of WAZA of 300,000 CHF as matching funds, the MAVA Foundation is contributing 900,000 CHF for the project over three years. Final approval could be achieved and the project started. Concerning membership acquisition, since end of 2009, when the strategy was put in place, membership of WAZA grew by 14.8% (Activity 5.1.1). In the past year final negotiations could be concluded with Wild Republic, the international plush and games supplier of zoos and aquariums, and a license agreement was signed. Wild Republic agreed to support WAZA over 5 years with a sum of 30,000 € annually. They intend to offer their customers a “WAZA selection” of plush animals (Activity 5.2.1). According to the fast implementation of the corporate strategy, WAZA Council decided to have a complete review at the 2014 midyear Council meeting. Results will be presented at next year’s Annual Conference.

Attended Meetings • CBD COP11, Hyderabad, 8–19 October 2012 (GD) • SEAZA Annual Conference, Taiping, 4–8 November 2012 (GD) • Al Ain conference on regional cooperation, Middle East, 9–11 December 2012 (GD) • CITES CoP 16, Bangkok, 4–14 March 2013 (GD) • AfDPZ conference, Puy du Fou, 4–5 April 2013 (GD, CL) • AZA mid‑year meeting, Charleston, 7–12 April 2013 (MG) • WZACS workshop, Houston, 4–5 May 2013 (GD, MG) • EARAZA conference, Brno, 27–28 May 2013 (GD) • VdZ conference, Munich, 29–31 May 2013 (GD) • ZACC conference, Des Moines, 8–12 July 2013 (MG) • AZA Annual Conference, Kansas City, 7–12 September (TPP) • EAZA conference, Edinburgh, 24–27 September 2013 (GD, MG)

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International Relationships Report

Convention on Migratory Species of Wild Animals (UNEP/CMS)

Gerald Dick, WAZA Executive Director

UN/ World Oceans Day, 8 June

International Union of Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Intensive cooperation took place with the biodiversity unit of IUCN and selected species specialist groups in order to support the contents development of the WAZA app for the decade on biodiversity project. The red list information will be used for the WAZA app, thus promoting the red list work of IUCN and at the same time providing excellent information to the visitors of zoos using the app in future. Financial support was provided to CBSG as well as to the chair of the Species Survival Commission (SSC). The Commission for Education and Communication (CEC) was informed about the WAZA Decade on Biodiversity Project and great interest was generated. The existing MoU between WAZA and IUCN will end by December 2013 and a renewal is being negotiated.

No specific activities took place in the last year.

As part of an aquarium focus in the WAZA News 2/13, information about the World Oceans Day was provided and promoted (www.worldoceansday.org)

Ramsar Convention on Wetlands The World Wetlands Day on 2nd February each year celebrates wetland conservation and WAZA provided details and information on the WAZA website as well as in the WAZA News to members.

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), CoP 16, 3–14 March 2013, Bangkok After a very long meeting, with a focus on procedural issues in the beginning, finally decisions were taken which are also relevant for the zoo and aquarium community. Whereas the discussion on the so called purpose codes (defining the purpose of transaction by codes like “zoo” or as it was proposed for “commercial reasons, including captive breeding” or “non‑commercial purposes including conservation”) was postponed until the next CoP, some highlights are summarized below.

Transport of Live Animals Parties to CITES are urged to use the IATA guidelines for International Air Transport or, in the case of non‑air transport, the CITES Guidelines for the Non‑Air Transport of Live Wild Animals and Plants which were accepted at the CoP 16 as document CoP 16 Com II.12 While all requirements for the shipment of plants are considered to be covered by the Perishable Cargo Regulations of the International Air Transport Association, the document presented at CoP16 widely deals with the transport of live wild animals and consists of three parts.

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Following a short introduction on CITES and the transport of live specimens, a “General Conditions” section contains guidance on planning obligations for the transport of live animals, means of transport, marking and labeling, persons accompanying transports, loading and unloading of animals, and measures to be taken during transport. The “Technical Specifications” deal with identified taxa that require transport conditions additional to or deviating from those found in the IATA Live Animals Regulations that become the basic standard for all modes of transport.

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With this, ways of transporting animals via non‑air transport means are defined and, guidance is provided, thus improving legal certainty.

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3 March: World Wildlife Day The recommendation which was presented at the conference now declares 3 March, the date of the adoption of CITES, of each year as World Wildlife Day.

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Sharks and Rays listed under CITES The Parties confirmed a decision made by one of the Conference’s Committees earlier in the conference to include five commercially valuable shark species in Appendix II. The oceanic whitetip (Carcharhinus longimanus), scalloped hammerhead (Sphyrma lewini), great hammerhead shark (Sphyrna mokarran), smooth hammerhead shark (Sphyrna zigaena) and the porbeagle shark (Lamna nasus) are harvested in huge numbers for their valuable fins and, in some cases, meat. From now onwards, they will have to be traded with CITES permits and evidence will have to be provided that they are harvested sustainably and legally. These listings mark a milestone in the involvement of CITES in marine species. The proposal to include manta ray species (Man‑ ta spp.) in Appendix II was adopted. Manta rays are slow‑growing, large‑bodied migratory animals with small, highly fragmented populations. They have among the lowest reproductive rates of any marine animals, with females giving birth to only one pup every two to three years, making them extremely vulnerable to overexploitation. Most known populations are small in size, although there is an exceptional population of one species in the Maldives, estimated at 5,000 or more. Manta gill plates fetch high prices in international markets and have been traded in significant numbers in recent years.

Transfer of freshwater sawfish (Pristis microdon) from Appendix II to Appendix I was introduced by Australia and accepted by consensus. It felt that, despite a zero export quota since June 2011, the Appendix‑I listing would reinforce its domestic export ban and send a message to traders who might harvest the species in anticipation of trade. Australia acknowledged the support of other range States for the proposal and noted that the proposal was supported by the Secretariat, the FAO Expert Panel and TRAFFIC.

Appendix I lists species that are the most endangered among CITES‑listed animals and plants (see Article II, paragraph 1 of the Convention). They are threatened with extinction and CITES prohibits international trade in specimens of these species except when the purpose of the import is not commercial (see Article III), for instance for scientific research. In these exceptional cases, trade may take place provided it is authorized by the granting of both an import permit and an export permit (or re‑export certificate). Article VII of the Convention provides for a number of exemptions to this general prohibition.

Appendix II Lists species that are not necessarily now threatened with extinction but that may become so unless trade is closely controlled. It also includes so ‑called “look‑alike species”, i.e. species of which the specimens in trade look like those of species listed for conservation reasons (see Article II, paragraph 2 of the Convention). International trade in specimens of Appendix‑II species may be

authorized by the granting of an export permit or re‑export certificate. No import permit is necessary for these species under CITES (although a permit is needed in some countries that have taken stricter measures than CITES requires). Permits or certificates should only be granted if the relevant authorities are satisfied that certain conditions are met, above all that trade will not be detrimental to the survival of the species in the wild. (See Article IV of the Convention)

International Air Transport Association (IATA)

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Andreas Kaufmann, on behalf of WAZA, took part in the IATA spring Meeting which was held in Montreal, Canada, 16 to 18 April 2013.

CITES Transport Guidelines Following adoption of the new CITES Guidelines for the Non‑Air Transport of Live Wild Animals and Plants, these guidelines shall now be incorporated into the IATA Live Animals Regulations (LAR) which becomes the main reference for all modes of transport of live animals as of 12 June 2013. The LAPB Secretary explained that the intention was to publish the CITES Guidelines as an annex to the LAR and that a Memorandum of Understanding between IATA and CITES should also include this specific topic. Transport experts of WAZA member institutions are asked to keep reviewing the LAR and CITES Guidelines and forward suggestions and proposals to ensure their ongoing and consistent improvement. A permanent WAZA Transport Working Group may be instrumental to strengthen WAZA’s position in the IATA Advisory Panel. Once established the Working Group

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may also offer regular updates and training for WAZA members. Data on shipments should be collected for evaluation, further improvement and recommendations by authorities, CITES and IATA.

Electronic Veterinary Certificate The OIE has developed a model veterinary certificate for international trade in Laboratory Animals which was also adopted by the World Assembly of Delegates at the May 2012 General Session. The electronic veterinary certificate for the transport of research animals may be used as a pilot and is meant to evolve to all species shipped, which will enable analysis and correction of data prior to the animal being presented. IATA and OIE set up a temporary working group that will liaise with CITES and is seeking further members to join. As electronic permitting will eventually become the standard one day, zoos may be well advised to participate and cooperate.

Wildlife Trafficking The Office of Transportation Policy at the US State Department, in coordination with many other state offices who regularly work on environmental issues and wildlife trafficking and with other agencies in the US Government, has been reaching out to the aviation community to discuss ways of how to work together to address the issue of wildlife trafficking. Within IATA the environment department is starting to look into this issue and a discussion will be initiated to share further information to have a continuous dialogue on that subject and ensure the LAPB‘s support to the Department of State. Ideas and input from WAZA members are welcome!

Marine Life Transport IATA was approached by Dynasty Marine and Cairns Marine, both suppliers to public aqauaria and WAZA corporate members, suggesting updating container requirement CR52 by following real world best practice methods for shipping large and pelagic sharks, stating that there currently are no parameters at all for sharks in excess of 100cm. There are also no requirements listed for sawfish and rays. Ben Daughtry of Dynasty Marine was present at the meeting and shared his experience in transporting marine fishes. A discussion has been started to determine what needs to be done to safely transport pelagic species around the world. WAZA members are invited to contribute to the process of developing guidelines for the safe transport of sawfish, rays, and pelagic and large sharks.

biodiversity. Braulio Ferreira de Souza Dias, Executive Secretary of the Convention on Biological Diversity said: “These results, coming in a period of economic crisis, demonstrate that the world is committed to implementing the CBD. We see that governments are moving forward in implementation and seeing biodiversity as an opportunity to be realized more than a problem to be solved.” WAZA was represented by executive director Gerald Dick who participated in the “Decade task force” and informed about existing and planned activities of the zoo and aquarium community. In a special session WAZA together with BGCI (Botanical Gardens International), represented by Suzanne Sharrock, Director of Global Programmes and ICOM (International Council of Museums), represented by Maïté Delmas of Paris’ Natural History Museum’s international delegation presented activities of the three big member organisations and it was agreed to intensify future cooperation.

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Cooperation with the Alliance of Marine Mammal Parks and Aquariums (AMMPA) Mark Penning, chair of the WAZA Aquarium Committee and past president attended the AMMPA annual meeting in Alexandria in April 2013, providing an update on WAZA activities.

Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) The 11th Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD COP 11) took place from 8–19 October 2012 in Hyderabad, India. The major final outcome of the meeting was probably that the world’s governments have agreed to increase funding in support of actions to halt the rate of loss of

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CBSG Update Onnie Byers

Conservation Breeding Specialist Group (CBSG) is grateful to WAZA for giving us the opportunity to provide this annual update to the WAZA Community. We begin by thanking our generous and loyal donors, many of whom are among the meeting participants, for making possible the valuable conservation work that the members of CBSG do around the world. We have recently published our 2012 Annual Report which includes stories highlighting some of the key projects CBSG has conducted in the past year. Our work is made possible by our core supporters so, along with the report, our donors receive a set of PowerPoint slides illustrating these stories. They are encouraged to add their institution’s logo to the slides and include them in presentation to their staff, boards and local communities. This year, some of the stories in the Annual Report are identified as One Plan approach projects. CBSG coined the term One Plan approach to direct attention to the importance of integrated species conservation planning. We believe that management strategies and conservation actions should be collaboratively developed for all populations of a species both inside and outside its natural range, and under all condi-

tions of management, engaging all responsible parties and all available resources to produce one comprehensive conservation plan for the species. Integrated species planning is not a new concept: our vision is to make comprehensive conservation planning more commonplace and effective. By making it the focus of both the most recent issue of the WAZA magazine and the 2013 WAZA Annual Conference, WAZA has done more than any group to promote the One Plan approach concept for which CBSG is enormously grateful. The theme of this year’s CBSG Annual Meeting was ‘Facilitating a Climate Change Movement’. For a number of years, CBSG has worked to find a solution or an action that matches both the skills of our community and the scope of the problem we face in climate change. Last year, we brought to our 2012 CBSG Annual Meeting in Melbourne the pressing question: How can we best focus the energy of the CBSG community on solutions to the growing threat of climate change? Among the things the meeting participants tasked us with was catalyzing action to create a movement with the express goal of seeing that “no government on the planet can ignore the danger of climate change and all must be actively working to realize ‘safe’ CO2 atmospheric concentration levels of 350 ppm. The people need to tell governments that we will not stand for inaction anymore.” We immediately began researching existing climate change groups. We found many groups dedicated to climate change action, and some even call themselves movements. The great majority were sector‑based, focusing on women, youth, people of the southern hemisphere, and others. Then we found 350.org.

350.org is an organization aiming to solve the climate crisis by addressing systemic barriers to climate solutions. They do this through grassroots organizing, direct actions, and online campaigns. We studied their website, read articles and books by and about them, investigated their critics, and met with their leaders in Washington DC and Minnesota. The more we learned about 350.org, the more we realized that CBSG didn’t need to start a movement … we needed to join one. So we were proud to announce at the 2013 Annual Meeting the launch of our climate change initiative, Zoos and Aquariums for 350. Zoos and Aquariums for 350 links to the 350.org movement and includes several components that offer an opportunity for all zoos, aquariums, and individuals to join.

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Zoos and aquariums and the 350.org movement make a perfect partnership. 350.org is a movement dedicated to bringing atmospheric levels of CO2 back to 350 ppm – which is precisely what we were tasked with creating. They are also dedicated to improving life on a changed planet. What could be more closely aligned with the core zoo and aquarium mission to conserve nature and teach children about its wonder? The first part of the movement is divestment from fossil fuel companies. Divestment is the opposite of investment – it means getting out of stocks, bonds, investment funds, or banks whose investments are inconsistent with your personal or institutional values. Any zoo that invests money – whether in stocks, mutual funds, or in an investment bank – can choose to divest from fossil fuel companies and reinvest in solutions that align with their mission of conservation. And there is an increasing body of evidence that this can be done without increasing risk or decreasing returns.

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Before CBSG could ask anyone else to take this step, we had to be willing to do it ourselves. So in January we brought this request to the Board of the Global Conservation Network, the non‑profit organization established to support the work of CBSG. They made the bold decision to divest CBSG’s reserve funds from fossil fuel companies. As of that day, we have not made any additional investment in funds supporting fossil fuel companies and we are working on our plan to be fully divested within 5 years. We have very little money in our reserve account and our move towards divestment would be purely symbolic if we were doing it alone. But we are not. We added our voice to those of many other institutions – six colleges, 17 cities, and other foundations and institutions – making the same bold decision. This is the power of the movement and this is how change will happen. Z&A for 350 calls on zoos and aquariums to immediately freeze any new investment in 200 fossil fuel companies that hold the great‑ est amount of unburned fossil fuel reserves1 and to create a plan for fully divesting within five years. In addition to shining a light on the importance of where our money is invested, Zoos and Aquariums for 350 also provides an avenue for carbon offsetting. A carbon offset is a reduction in emissions of carbon dioxide made in order to compensate an emission made elsewhere. In other words, it is a payment made in support of a project resulting in reduced carbon emissions, in order to compensate for the unavoidable carbon emissions of your institution.

1 http://gofossilfree.org/companies/

Many zoos already reduce and offset their emissions, and some are even certified as carbon neutral. Z&A for 350 calls on all Zoos and Aquariums to reduce their emissions as much as possible and then to commit to offsetting the remainder. This part of the movement is still in the process of being developed, but we’re working to identify an excellent carbon offset provider to work with interested zoos and aquariums. Using this universal provider will help us unite our efforts in becoming carbon neutral. Those who have already made progress in this area can report on their successes and be acknowledged for their efforts. It is also important to visually connect our focus on climate change back to the endangered species that it will affect. Zoos and Aquariums for 350 calls on all Zoos and Aquariums to “Show the Wild Face of Climate Change” by submit‑ ting photos of one or more of species in their collection that are specifically climate threat‑ ened. The photos should contain a sign with the Zoos and Aquariums for 350 logo, along with any other words or phrases you choose, including the name of the species and your zoo. Finally, Zoos and Aquariums for 350 calls on all Zoos and Aquariums to support the EAZA and AZA Pole to Pole campaign. Pole to Pole highlights the effectiveness of collective action in reducing energy use. It provides advice and materials to zoo and aquarium visitors and the wider public to help them take individual steps that can make a huge collective difference to endangered species and ecosystems impacted by climate change.

When we introduced Zoos and Aquariums for 350 at our meeting in Orlando, the participants responded with great enthusiasm. At the end of the meeting, many stood and voiced their plans to carry this momentum onward and back to their home institutions. By joining the movement, greening your institution and your portfolio, and sharing information, passion, and calls for action with your colleagues and visitors, you will make an investment in a livable future for children and for wildlife. We feel that now is the time for our community to join the 350 movement, which is gaining momentum across the globe.

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Together we have the opportunity to take a leadership role in responding to the global crisis of climate change. We have the chance to tackle the source of the problem that, if left unaddressed, will continue to undermine all of our conservation efforts. We invite all WAZA members to go to http://www.cbsg.org/zoos ‑aquariums‑350 and JOIN THE MOVEMENT.

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ISIS Update Roger Stonecipher

ISIS membership has seen substantial growth in 2013. There are 44 new members through September 2013, and projected to be roughly 60 by the end of the year. This is compared to 9 total new members in 2012, and largely due to the addition of Peter Donlon, Director, Global Member Development and the improvements he has made in the organization. The migration of ISIS members to the new ZIMS program is progressing nicely. Over 600 members have now migrated to ZIMS and have entered over 2.5 million transactions, which break down into Measurements, Management, Husbandry, and Accession/Disposition. The most recent enhancements to ZIMS include External Data Sharing, Medical Reference Ranges, Regional Association Inventory Report, Population Overview, iPad support, and Help. The next release will include Studbook Keeper News, Local Host, Batch Specimen Reports, and Contact Directory. The new Population Overview Report, which was developed in conjunction with the WAZA CPM, contains a current graphical status overview, which includes population trends, age structure, data quality, and additional items. The report is available for the 13,000 species in ISIS, regardless of whether or not there is a current studbook. The report has the ability to filter by continent, country, or association.

The new Physiological Reference Values Report provides the expected values for common medical tests in more than 900 species and are essential to the correct interpretation of diagnostic test results. The new ZIMS with Medical is planned for Q2 of 2014. ZIMS with Population Management will follow Medical, but some features will be introduced well before the main module, like the Population Overview Report and the Studbook Keeper News. ZIMS with Medical will include features for Clinical Notes, Diagnoses and Procedures, Treatments/Prescriptions, Anesthesia, and additional items, as well as filters for sorting on the most recent animals worked on. The layout of the screens are designed to help users manage their day, in addition to providing key information on the current animal in view. ISIS financials are strong, membership is growing, ZIMS is working well and has received rave reviews, and over 75% of all members globally have now migrated to the new platform. The current focus is to introduce the new ZIMS with Medical and ZIMS with Population Management, and to provide ISIS members with better tools to make significant improvement in global conservation.

Amphibian Ark and Amphibian Survival Alliance Lena Lindén, Nordens Ark Proceedings of the 68th Annual Conference October 2013 Orlando

I have been asked, as co‑chair of AArk and ASA, to give a short report over AArks work during the five years that have gone since “The year of the frog”, 2008.

First – the background The amphibians crises has been discussed for decades but it was not until the publishing of “The Global Amphibian Assessment” 2004 that scientists in general became aware of how serious the situation for amphibians had become. As a result of this awareness the “Amphibian Conservation Summit“ was arranged in 2005 to find a way to understand, stop and turn the negative trend around. The outcome from this – the action plan – is still the leading star for all involved in conservation of amphibians – ACAP – Amphibian Conservation Action Plan”. This extremely important document emphasizes the work in situ but also ex situ to secure an assurance population of the most critical endangered species. The very same year, 2005, the AArk was launched to coordinate the ex – situ work done mainly by zoos to create assurance populations with high biosecurity wherever it was possible.

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2008 – Year of the frog was highly publicized and successful in raising global awareness of amphibian crises. What has Aark achieved since 2008? A lot I would say. I am proud to announce that the staff at AArk has been working really hard! AArk launched a photo contest and created a calendar to raise awareness and we also celebrated good news from the amphibians world with the “Leaping Ahead of Extinction” – campaign. We had the wonderful opportunity to raise awareness using a newly discovered species from Ecuador. This fantastic tree frog was discovered by AArk partner Louis Coloma at Jambatu Center and named in honor of Prince Charles for his commitment to rainforest conservation. We were invited to Prince Charles estate where we presented him with a glass sculpture and medallion of his frog. We celebrated with local school children in the presence of CBSG and WAZA representatives and of course Dr Loius Coloma who named the frog. Since 2008 we have assessed 42%, nearly 3000 species of amphibians for their conservation needs. Since 2008 we have trained over 1000 students from 27 countries. We have developed on line tools to be of help in planning and executing of amphibians ex situ programs

You can find a detailed summery in our 5 year report since the launch of The Year of The Frog. It is available on the web.

And to give a short up‑date on ASA

Amphibian Ark 2013 and beyond… Ron Gagliardo, AArk Training Officer

80 organizations have joined ASA. ASA priority actions are: • Habitat protection • Disease mitigation • Capacity building • Communication Right now is a priority setting to arrange a new global amphibian assessment in 2014 in partnership with IUCN Amphibian Red List Authority and IUCN Amphibian Specialist Group. Before I hand over the floor to Ron who actually is one of the stars working with AArk, I would like to thank all of you, and especially Georg Rabb, for your support AArk exsist today and is able to carry out our mission. Thanks for your attention.

2013 has proved to be an exciting and challenging year for Amphibian Ark as we continue to follow our vision of Amphibians Safe in Nature. In the past 12 months, we have seen our partners around the world taking action to help amphibians, including substantial efforts in getting animals back into the wild, just one measure of success of ex situ programs. While keeping our commitment to addressing the captive component of the Amphibian Conservation Action Plan (ACAP), we have begun to look more closely at helping our partners increase the overall effectiveness of their programs. Our model ex situ programs database is ever expanding with successful projects.

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• Program implementation tool • Population management tool • Amphibian disease and biosecurity manual Since 2008 we have provided 13 seed grants in 11 countries. AArk is currently monitoring 88 species in 102 ex situ programs. AArk is an important and crucial part of the Amphibian Survival Alliance House, fulfilling the ex situ role and helping in other areas as communication and biobanking.

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Building capacity in range countries is one of our top priorities at Amphibian Ark. During 2013, we conducted or will be assisting with ex situ training workshops in Panama, Costa Rica, Peru and the US, including the new Amphibian Academy. We have reached nearly 200 students from as far away as Madagascar, Chile and Hong Kong. We have begun our system of online tutorials that will allow future students to access valuable background material prior to attending a training course, thus allowing our instructors more time for mentoring and more focused instruction. We are continuing to seek additional funding for Amphibian Conservation Needs Assessment (ACNA) workshops for Bolivia and the Philippines, with great thanks to Columbus and Chester Zoos for their commitments toward these workshops. AArk Taxon Officer Kevin Johnson is working with our software consultants to develop an online assessment system for the future that we feel will be extremely valuable. In addition, we continue to expand our reach through the seed grant program, project partnership database and other activities.

In 2013, we were lucky to enlist the volunteer services of Rachel Rommel, formerly of the Houston Zoo, to help us with community outreach and education, and also Danny Beckwith, a creative genius who continues to help with amazing designs along with audio‑visual work. Joe Mendelson, Director of Herpetological Research at Zoo Atlanta, has officially joined our staff as our Research Officer, helping to draft funding proposals and also to work with ASA counterparts to activate the research aspects of the ACAP. As we continue to work toward helping existing programs reach new levels of success, we recognize the need to have a solid strategy for the next 5 years of Amphibian Ark. We are still in need of funding and other means of support. Utilizing a new, informal “financial and strategic advisory board”, we have begun to answer the questions concerning what AArk will look like and accomplish in the next 5 years and also a fundamental question that keeps AArk motivated, “why are we doing this?” The results of our discussions are laying the framework for the next iteration of the organization. We are grateful to the zoo and aquarium community for initiating and helping to maintain the Ark and we hope will continue to recognize the unique value this community brings to saving species that can’t be safeguarded in nature.

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Kristiansand Dyrepark, Norway

Tulsa Zoo, USA www.tulsazoo.org

www.africansafariwildlifepark.com

www.dyreparken.no

Kristiansand Dyrepark is a combined zoo and amusement park located in the very south of Norway, 11 km east of Kristiansand city. It is Norway`s most frequently visited attraction covering an area of 70 hectars of nordic terrain. In Kristiansand Dyrepark, the animals have wide open spaces in which to roam – however, the visitors are still able to get up close to observe them. The zoo is divided into the following themed areas: Africa, Asia, Jungle, Nordic Wilderness and a traditional Nordic farm. One of the specialties of this zoo is the Nordic Wilderness where European wolverines, wolves, lynxes, arctic foxes, otters and moose live in large natural forest enclosures. Kristiansand Dyrepark is a partner in the Naboisho conservation project in Kenya. This project is a collaboration with several NGOs and 500 Masai families to protect a large area of land crucial to the Masai Mara ecosystem.

African Safari Wildlife Park, USA

The Tulsa Zoo was established in 1927 as a municipal facility and is located on 82 park‑like acres within Mohawk Park, one of the largest municipal parks in the United States. In 2011 the non‑profit organization, Tulsa Zoo Management Inc. began operation of the zoo under a long term contract with the city of Tulsa, which still owns the zoo. The Zoo is the largest daily attraction within the region. The Tulsa Zoo reaches over 55,000 children annually through field trips, informal classes and outreach programs. The zoo has a diverse collection of species that focuses on the Americas, Asia and Africa. In March, 2012 Helmerich Sea Lion Cove opened featuring a naturalistic habitat with underwater viewing for zoo guests. The Robert J. LaFortune WildLIFE Trek, a four‑building complex spotlighting animal adaptations from the cold to the desert to life in the water will open in March 2013. A new 20 year master plan has been implemented with new white rhino, snow leopard and Malayan tiger exhibits first to be completed in the next five years. The Tulsa Zoo participates in numerous Species Survival Plans (SSPs). Of special note, are the successful long‑term breeding programs for Aldabra tortoise and Diana monkey.

One of only 222 accredited AZA accredited Zoos and Aquariums: African Safari Wildlife Park is a 100 acre wildlife park home to more than 350 animal species. The public experience animals from all over the world in a setting more intimate than many zoos; as they take an amazing journey with a Guidebook to lead the way. Serving the community through an entertaining family friendly atmosphere, African Safari Wildlife Park is able to educate the public and foster an appreciation for all wildlife. Participating in wildlife conservation programs such as captive breeding, African Safari Wildlife Park’s main emphasis is on preservation of all species and habitats. Educational programs are provided for guests and school groups, promoting conservation through understanding. African Safari Wildlife Park aims to provide the public with a memorable experience, which reminds guests to care for animals, in their backyard and around the world through habitat and ecosystem conservation.

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Virginia Aquarium & Marine Science Center Foundation (VAMSC), USA www.VirginiaAquarium.com

The Virginia Aquarium (VAQ), a public‑private partnership between the City of Virginia Beach and the Virginia Aquarium Foundation, opened in 1986 as the Virginia Marine Science Museum. Currently the facility consists of two exhibit buildings (Bay & Ocean Pavilion and Marsh Pavilion) connected by a nature trail; an IMAX® theater; and an offsite facility for collections holding, research, and stranding response activities. VAQ’s exhibit galleries include both

live and interactive displays that tell a story based around two core themes. The Journey of Water highlights the aquatic environments from Virginia’s mountains to the Atlantic Ocean, with an emphasis on the Chesapeake Bay. The Restless Planet introduces habitats from other parts of the world that illustrate the forces that have shaped Virginia’s landscape and the conservation challenges that global citizens must address. The exhibit experience is enhanced by a variety of educational programs available to both individuals and groups. Programs emphasize experiential learning and include school and scout classes, boat trips, summer camps, lecture series, and gallery talks. Master planning is currently underway to prepare for renovation of older exhibit areas, addition of new exhibit buildings, expansion of programming into new topic areas, and compatible development on surrounding property.

PGAV‑Destinations (Peckham Guyton Albers & Viets, Inc.), USA www.pgav.com

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No one knows more about engaging people with animals than PGAV Destinations. With more than 100 zoological projects, our work reflects a commitment to innovation, a passion for animals, and a deep understanding of visitors. We believe in the power of travel and leisure experiences to enrich lives, enhance communities, and celebrate nature, culture and heritage. Moreover, we believe in the power of zoos and aquariums to engage visitors and inspire change. New members’ presentations page

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We are storytellers: all of our projects begin with a powerful moment and experiential narrative. Our stories have been told for over five decades on five continents in zoos, aquariums, theme parks, hospitality centers and museums. Our work with zoos and aquariums ranges from strategic master plans to individual animal exhibits, and includes other critical aspects of guest experience and business operations such as gift shops, restaurants, special event facilities, way finding and front gate complexes. PGAV Destinations is a recognized expert in consumer behavior and trends. We integrate consumer research into the planning process, and combined with our extensive experience, develop highly successful concepts that increase attendance and stimulate financial sustainability.

Clax Italia – Aquarium division, Italy www.claxitalia.com

Clax ltalia is the European leader company, specialized in the production of pure cast Acrylic standard and oversize blocks, tunnels and cylinders for underwater use (under the brand name of AQuariA®). Moreover this production, Clax ltalia has a 40 years old experience in the acrylic production and manufacturing process. Products and production are totally certified by national and international institutes (as the Germanischer Lloyds certification‑ including PVH0-1). For over 30 years the creativity and technological know‑how offered by Clax Italy and its technical staff have overstepped the boundaries of production and scientific innovation in acrylic production.

The constant evolution of its know‑how has enabled Clax Italy to develop particular products obtained through casting processes involving specific integrated moulds, large, thick monolithic blocks, standard and special plates for food, military, medical and scientific use, as well as chemical collars appropriate for acrylic. A highly qualified team of experts for any kind of production and installation. From the large AQuariA® blocks, suitable for underwater use, to the implementation and installation of great architectural works made of cast polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). As a matter of fact, the company’s advanced chemical PMMA plants, fully in compliance with ISO 14001 environmental certification, guarantee, apart from extreme transparency and durability, a strict production quality control system aimed at assuring backward traceability of any single plate and/ or block. These plants and technologies have enabled Clax Italy to launch itself into the methacrylate market as the only world producer of large thick UNstratified blocks.

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Cango Wildlife Ranch (Pty) Ltd, South Africa

Parc des Oiseaux, France www.parcdesoiseaux.com

www.cango.co.za

Since the current owners acquired the Ranch in 1987, its mission statement has been “to serve and conserve”, the primary objective being to “maintain a self‑sustaining facility, providing for conservation through service excellence”. The Ranch consists of large natural enclosures where visitors view the exhibits on fully guided tours which emphasise the need for conservation of species and habitat. Although our 94 hectare breeding facility is primarily for the breeding of cheetah, of which we have bred over 250 since 1988, we have achieved notable breeding successes with a number of other endangered species such as wild dog and pygmy hippo. In 2005 the Ranch received PAAZAB accreditation, being only the 2nd institution in Africa at that time to achieve this. We have also received awards from the NSPCA and the MD, Andrew Eriksen has been the recipient of 3 PAAZAB awards, including 2 Chairman awards. We participate in a number of International and Regional studbooks and have been active members of ISIS/ZIMS for over 20 year, where we have been recognised amongst the top 5% for our data submissions. The Ranch has an active animal ambassador program which it utilises in its “conservation through education” messages.

Located in the heart of “la Dombes”, an important wetland area in France, Parc des Oiseaux shows the biggest collection of birds in France. The public is completely immersed in the local nature and the exhibitions on the concept “the Park without borders”. The public makes one’s way through aviaries to break down the barrier between Man and Bird. From all around world the Park recreates landscapes and original habitats of the animals. The visitor can feed several hundreds of lorikeets and attends to an impressive bird show. The Park develops knowledge and respect of biodiversity and makes its visitors aware of all the many values of nature and culture.

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2 Plenary nd

Lake Buena Vista, Orlando 17 October 2013 Start at 3.00 pm – End at 4.00 pm

Conservation & Sustainability Committee Report Chair: Rick Barongi , Houston Zoo

Tasks since 67th Annual Conference The primary focus of the Conservation and Sustainability Committee (C&S) for the past year has been to update and revise the 2005 World Zoo and Aquarium Conservation Strategy (WZACS) document.

Progress – bullet points / Challenges Members of Committee:

Houston Workshop – May 3–4, 2013

1. Jorg Adler, Munster Zoo – Germany 2. Rick Barongi, Houston Zoo – Chair 3. Jeff Bonner, St. Louis Zoo – U. S. 4. Paul Boyle, AZA – U. S. 5. Steve Burns, Zoo Boise, Idaho – U. S. 6. Onnie Byers, CSBG 7. Bryan Carroll, Bristol Zoo – England 8. Gerald Dick, WAZA, Ex Officio 9. Lesley Dickie, EAZA 10. Fiona Fisken, ZSL, Advisor and Editor 11. Suzanne Gendron, Hong Kong 12. Markus Gusset, WAZA 13. Jo Gipps, Advisor, Past Chair 14. Jenny Gray, Melbourne – Australia 15. Heribert Hofer, Leibniz Association, Berlin 16. Bengt Holst, Copenhagen Zoo 17. Susan Hunt, Perth Zoo – Australia 18. Sonja Luz, Singapore 19. Dave Morgan, England 20. Paul Pearce‑Kelly, ZSL 21. Gordon Reid, Chester Zoo, Retired 22. Miranda Stevenson, BIAZA, England, Advisor 23. Kazutoshi Takami, Osaka Zoo – Japan 24. Sally Walker, U. S. and India 25. Chris West, Scotland 26. Jonathan Wilcken, Auckland Zoo – N. Zealand

Twenty‑five participants, many of which were members of the C&S Committee, met in Houston and developed a basic model for the 2015 WZACS document. This model will consist of two major documents: 1.

A more concise WZACS document that has 1,500 word chapter executive summaries and vision statements. Each chapter will focus on a specific topic but also incorporate some cross‑themes such as Ethics, Capacity Building, Climate Change and the Aichi Biodiversity targets. A comprehensive Resource Center and Guide with references, specific examples and best practices. Chapter Champions were assigned to draft the summary chapters for review at the Orlando WAZA Conference in October 2013.

Chapters: • Introduction and Executive Summary • Integrating Conservation (includes partnerships and politics) • Conservation of Wild Populations • Science and Research • Education, Communication and Training (includes social media and behavior change) • Ethics and Animal Welfare • Appendices: Acronyms, Websites, Glossary of Terms, Acknowledgements and Illustration Credits

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Plannedthactivities during and post 68 Annual conference Conduct a working session at conference to review and finalize draft vision statements for each chapter of the future 2015 edition of the WZACS document. This will be led by the Editorial team of Fiona Fisken, Markus Gusset, and Rick Barongi. Post‑Conference Timelines: Enlist the support of other contributors to finalize the WZACS vision chapters and collect all data to incorporate in the Resource Center Guide that will complement the Executive Summary document.

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Publish the revised and update 2015 document in time for the 2015 WAZA Conference.

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Committee for Population Management Report Chair: Jenny Gray , Zoos Victoria

Co‑chairs: Danny de Man (EAZA), Candice Dorsey (AZA), Chris Hibbard (ZAA)

Members of Committee:

Adrián Sestelo (ALPZA) Kazutoshi Arai (JAZA) Sally Walker (SAZARC) Sumate Kamolnorranath (SEAZA) Stephen van der Spuy (PAAZAB) Yolanda Matamoros (AMACZOOA) Fiona Fisken (ZSL – International Zoo Yearbook) 8. Kathy Traylor‑Holzer (CBSG) 9. Markus Gusset (WAZA – International Studbook Coordinator) 10. Nate Flesness (ISIS) 11. Rick Barongi (WAZA – Chairperson of Conservation and Sustainability Committee)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Tasks since 67th Annual Conference: • CPM met during the AZA mid‑year meeting in Charleston in April 2013 in the week directly preceding the WAZA Council meeting. The meeting considered the review of the international studbooks, the progress of GSMPs and the prioritization of future species for GSMPs. • The second meeting of CPM for 2013 was held in Edinburgh aligned with the EAZA Annual Conference. The meeting considered progress with the data clean up in international studbooks and the work plan for 2014.

Progress – bullet points / Challenges • The WAZA Council allocated funding for the assessment of international studbooks. The computer software PMx was used to facilitate the quantitative assessment of all international studbooks by ISIS. A new module has been developed for PMx by the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute with the WAZA funding, which automates key indicators of population health. • In Charleston a workshop was held together with ISIS to test the viability of consolidating all international studbooks in ZIMS. This has the potential to vastly reduce the administrative tasks of the international studbook keepers. • An online survey was developed to assess international studbooks. The survey was administered by the WAZA Executive Office and distributed to the keepers of the 126 active international studbooks. The results showed areas for improvement in communication and studbook keeper training.

• A CPM fact sheet was developed and sent to all international studbook keepers and their directors. The fact sheet will be updated and distributed after each CPM meeting. • CPM was allocated a budget of EUR 20,000 to assist with the review of international studbooks and training. Funds were used to support PMx enhancements, studbook training in Thailand and facilitate attendance of the Tree Kangaroo GSMP workshop. In 2014 funds will be used to assist TAG Chairs in attending the global conference and to undertake further population management training. • A CPM Budget of EUR 20,000 has been approved for 2014. Funds will be used to assist TAG chairs attend the 2014 workshop and for studbook training.

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International studbooks report In the period from 1 September 2012 to 31 August 2013, one international studbook (ISB) was archived, three new ISBs were established, 10 ISBs were transferred to new keepers and one ISB was transferred to a new institution. At the end of the reporting period, six issues were pending. There are currently 129 active ISBs, including 163 species or sub‑species (10 ISBs cover more than one taxon).

ISBs archived:

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• On 3 October 2012, CPM decided to archive the ISB for the North China leopard (Panthera pardus japonensis).

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ISBs established: • On 20 March 2013, CPM approved the establishment of an ISB for the black‑crested mangabey (Lophocebus aterrimus), kept by Tjerk ter Meulen (GaiaZoo Kerkrade, The Netherlands). • On 2 July 2013, CPM approved the establishment of an ISB for the Visayan spotted deer (Rusa alfredi), kept by Christina Schubert (Landau Zoo, Germany). • On 25 July 2013, CPM approved the establishment of an ISB for the southern cassowary (Casuarius casuarius), kept by Nicole LaGreco (San Diego Zoo, USA).

Transfer of ISBs to new keepers: • On 18 September 2012, CPM approved the transfer of the fishing cat (Prionailurus viver‑ rinus) ISB to Tomas Rus (Decin Zoo, Czech Republic). • On 3 October 2012, CPM approved the transfer of the Sumatran rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus su‑ matrensis) ISB to Frank Oberwemmer (Leipzig Zoo, Germany). • On 8 October 2012, CPM approved the transfer of the lion‑tailed macaque (Macaca silenus) ISB to Alex Sliwa (Cologne Zoo, Germany). • On 18 February 2013, CPM approved the transfer of the muskox (Ovibos moschatus) ISB to Mikkel Stelvig (Copenhagen Zoo, Denmark). • On 20 February 2013, CPM approved the transfer of the Diana monkey (Cercopithecus diana) ISB to Donald Gow (Edinburgh Zoo, UK). • On 7 March 2013, CPM approved the transfer of the okapi (Okapia johnstoni) ISB to Sander Hofman (Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, Belgium). • On 11 April 2013, CPM approved the transfer of the Asian lion (Panthera leo persica) ISB to Anupam Srivastav (Wildlife Institute of India, India).

• On 18 June 2013, CPM approved the transfer of the aye‑aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis) ISB to Eluned Price (Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust, UK). • On 24 July 2013, CPM approved the transfer of the Mauritius pink pigeon (Columba mayeri) ISB to Catherine Francescon (Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust, UK). • On 19 August 2013, CPM approved the transfer of the Rodrigues fruit bat (Pteropus rodricensis) ISB to David White (Chester Zoo, UK).

International Zoo Educators Association (IZEA) Report Rachel Lowry, IZEA President

Transfer of ISBs to new institutions: • On 27 September 2012, CPM approved the transfer of the Asian small‑clawed otter (Aonyx cinerea) ISB, kept by Sarah Duncan, to Mesker Park Zoo (USA).

Pending issues: As of 31 August 2013, ISBs for the Central American tapir (Tapirus bairdii), horned guan (Oreophasis derbianus), Edwards’ pheasant (Lo‑ phura edwardsi), Vietnamese pheasant (Lophura hatinhensis), blue‑throated macaw (Ara glau‑ cogularis) and red bird‑of‑paradise (Paradisaea rubra) are vacant.

Planned activities during 68th Annual Conference • A workshop on CPM and the importance of good plans and record keeping. Progress on ISB and GSMPs. • A CPM / TAG Chairs workshop will be held in the Netherlands in June 2014. The importance of the workshop will be discussed. All directors are encouraged to enable their relevant staff to attend.

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Main activities since June 2012 • Hosted a world‑leading conference at Chester Zoo in August 2012 with more than 150 international delegates attending. • Facilitated IZEA’s international Sponsored Delegate Program building the capacity of ten zoo‑educators that would otherwise not be able to afford to attend IZEA’s biennial zoo ‑based education conferences. • Produced and distributed more than 200 copies of the IZE journal sharing best ‑practice educational programs, and program evaluations with zoos represented from all around the world (September 2013). • Regional Representatives contributed to respective regional conferences and work‑ shops to ensure that IZE gain insights that will further enhance our ability to lead and or support initiatives that build the capacity of zoo‑based education (ongoing). • Represented our industry, presenting zoo ‑education trends at the World Environmen‑ tal Education Congress Marrakesh, Morocco 9–14 June 2013 (thanks to Bill Street, IZE Treasurer).

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• Trialled in‑country training within Guadala‑ jara, Jal, Mexico in August 2013 with a focus on zoo‑based education evaluation at the request of our growing number of Latin American IZEA members (thanks to Maggie Esson, IZE European/Middle East Representative). • Secured Hong Kong Ocean Park as the IZE conference Host for Sept 2 to 6, 2014. Theme: Education in zoos and aquaria, what does success look like and how do you measure it? • IZE website updated and remains the world’s largest zoo‑based educational resource depository • Increased the number of climate change related teaching materials available online to zoo educators • Doubled the IZE facebook following (currently sits at 392 followers) within one year, posting an average of two updates each week and promoting and supporting zoo‑based education dialogue across the globe.

Membership Development As of 21st of September 2013 IZE have a total of 188 members with 23 institutional members. Our institutional members are listed below. • Ocean Park Hong Kong • National Trust for Nature Conservation ‑Central Zoo* • Taman Safari Park Indonesia* • Port Moresby Nature Park* • Taronga Conservation Society Australia (Taronga Zoo) • Zoos Victoria • Zoologicka Zahrada Liberec • Aalborg Zoo • Givskud Zoo

• Zoo Lander in der Pfalz • Zoo Leipzig GmbH • Zoological Center Tel Aviv‑Ramat Gan* • Parc Merveilleux • Loro Parque Fundación • Al Ain Zoo • North of England Zoological Society, Chester Zoo • Royal Zoological Society of Scotland • South West Environmental Parks, Ltd ‑Paignton Zoo • Fundación Temaikèn • Disney’s Animal Kingdom • Lincoln Park Zoo • San Diego Zoo Global • SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment Please note that * indicates a new member.

Animal Welfare / Conservation highlights There’s a lot of great work going on. Many zoos seem to be turning to the social science discipline to increase their effectiveness in influencing attitudes and behavior rather than just setting themselves knowledge based objectives. Zoo educators appear to also be adopting the discipline of evaluating their education programs with more and more zoos now able to quantify their reach and impact in regards to mapping community shifts across pro‑environmental attitudes, knowledge and behaviors. In addition to promising trends which indicate that our zoo‑based education efforts are extending their reach and impact, here are some great examples of the kind of zoo‑based education activities being led through our zoos and aquaria right around the world:

• Zoos Victoria (Australia) launched phase 2 of their Don’t Palm us Off campaign in an effort to influence Australian food manufacturers to commit to certified sustainable palm oil by 2015. Their online supermarket can be found at www.zoo.org.au/zoopermarket. As a consequence of this campaign all 6 of Australia’s leading food manufactures have committed to sourcing Certified Sustainable Palm Oil by 2015. • Healesville Sanctuary (Australia) launch their Fighting Extinction Challenge to enhance the engagement levels and conservation outcomes of students that visit without participating in a formal learning program. www.zoo.org.au/education/school‑programs/ melbourne/self‑guided‑challenge • Taronga Conservation Society (Australia) tackle unsustainable seafood practices by joining force with a major supermarket provider within Australia to influence sustainable seafood consumption through their Fish 4 Life campaign www.taronga.org.au/fish4life • A half‑day workshop on Playful Pedagogy, led by North Carolina Zoo (USA), was pre‑ sented at the 2013 AZA Mid‑Year Meeting • Zoological Society London has reinvigor‑ ated their palm‑oil interpretation within their Tiger Territory precinct in an effort to promote certified sustainable palm‑oil. They also led an innovative fundraiser to raise awareness and funds to support tiger conservation www. zsl.org/zsl‑london‑zoo/whats‑on/streak‑for ‑tigers,742,EV.html • Bristol Zoo (UK) launch their Grills for Gorilla’s campaign in an effort to influence consumer behaviors towards supporting FSC certified products. www.bristolzoo.org.uk/ grill‑for‑gorillas • WAZA launch visitor surveys across world leading zoos to inform their upcoming Biodiversity is Us campaign. Over 30 zoos and aquariums worldwide have participated

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to assess levels of awareness of the significance of loss of biodiversity. The sample size is over 5,000 and preliminary results will be announced at the Convention on Biological Diversity Meeting of the Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice in October 2013 in Montreal, Canada. • Animal Keepers Association of Africa Confer‑ ence was hosted by uShaka Sea World in March 2013. Two key workshops were given by Steve Martin President of Natural Encounters: ‘The Secret of Animal Training’ and ‘Connecting with our Audience’ (for conservation education). • Two Oceans Aquarium (South Africa) is lead‑ ing a campaign to Rethink the Bag and ban the use of single use plastic bags. This concept has been shared at AKAA Conference and at the 1st African Marine Debris Summit. http:// rethinkthebag.org/ • South African zoos and aquaria promoting South Africa’s Sustainable Seafood Initia‑ tive launched an App for blackberry and iOS smart phones to support consumer behaviour change. Of the approximately 100 marine species assessed, two species have moved to the green list and two have moved out of the green list. • The Annual Penguin Waddle held within South Africa in April attracted the biggest crowds so far with 6 zoos and aquaria supporting the event across the region www. mysticaquarium.org/visit/calendar/details/161penguin‑runwalk • The Centre of Environmental Education (In‑ dia) launched an innovative project titled The Science Express which takes education with a focus on climate change and biodiversity onto pubic trains. www.thehindu.com/features/kids/ science‑on‑wheels/article3798662.ece

• Sundarvan‑Nature Discovery Centre (India) conduct a monthly Bat Show for the general public to challenge myths about bats and boost community engagement and respect for the Sundarvan colony of free‑ ranging bats roosting at the Park

Other comments • The IZE annual membership survey is to be circulated in October 2013 for all members. This year the survey will also provide a medium for members to vote on the preferred new look and feel with all the logo options capturing the aquarium focus of our membership as requested in our 2012 survey results. • The IZE sponsored delegate program 2014 call for expressions of interest has been circulated to all members. Applications close Feb 2014 www.izea.net/resources/IZE_2014_ Grants_Application_conference.pdf • Registrations will soon open for the 2014 IZE conference to hosted by Hong Kong Ocean Park, Sept 2–6 2014. Please keep an eye out on the IZE website. All members will receive email notifications. • It’s time to join IZE if you aren’t already a member! Those that sign up after Oct 1 have their membership fees extended for the entire 2014 calendar year. www.izea.net/membership/become.htm Thanks to our institutional members (listed above) and hard‑working board members without which we wouldn’t have such a great association to be proud of.

IZE Board composition • President: Rachel Lowry (Zoos Victoria) • Immediate Past‑President: Kathy Lehnhardt (Disney Animal Kingdom) • President‑Elect: Isabel Li (Hong Kong Ocean park) • Secretary/Treasurer: Bill Street (Busch Gardens, Florida) • Website Editor: Debra Erickson (San Diego Zoo) • Journal Editor: Stephen Woolard (The Royal Zoological Society of Scotland) • Regional Representatives/Editors: North/Southeast Asia: May Lok (Wildlife Reserves Singapore) South Asia: Meena Nareshwar (Centre for Environmental Education, India) Australia/New Zealand: Vacant Europe/Middle East: Maggie Esson (Chester Zoo) Latin America: Sandra Gomez (Santacruz Zoological Foundation) North America: Rachel Bergren (The Marine Mammal Centre, California) Africa: Jone Porter (Sea World at uShaka Marine World)

Proceedings of the 68th Annual Conference October 2013 Orlando

2nd Plenary

Please forward all enquiries to: Rachel Lowry – President International Zoo Educators Association; Director Wildlife Conservation and Science, Zoos Victoria I Elliott Avenue I Parkville VIC AUSTRALIA 3052 rlowry@zoo.org.au I M:+61408 130 379

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Animal Ethics and Welfare Committee Report Chair: Susan Hunt, Perth Zoo

Members of Committee 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Jenny Gray, Zoos Victoria, Australia David Field, ZSL, United Kingdom Jackie Ogden, Disney Animal Kingdom, USA Gila von Hegel, Zoo Karlsruhe, Germany Kensho Nagai, JAZA, Japan Stephen van der Spuy, PAAZAB, South Africa

Tasks since 67th Annual Conference • The major priority has been the development of an Animal Welfare Strategy (the Strategy) for WAZA. In 2013, the work commenced on the Strategy. • A draft framework outline was developed for the Strategy for consideration at a workshop in Gland, Switzerland in April 2013. The Chair of the Committee co‑facilitated the workshop and several members of the Committee participated and/or provided comments for inclusion. • The outcomes of the workshop were drafted and circulated by the WAZA office. A more detailed framework document has been drafted

and noted by WAZA Council in June 2013. This has also been circulated to participants. Six authors are now drafting chapters of the Strategy.

Progress – bullet points / Challenges • A preliminary draft of the Strategy is planned to be finalized in October and progress will be reported at the 68th conference. • During the year, there were two issues of major concern raised with WAZA relating to animal welfare. This related to conditions at Surabaya Zoo in Java, Indonesia and conditions for African elephants at Tai Yuan Zoo in China. Neither of these zoos is a member of WAZA. However, in both instances WAZA made representation at the senior Government and regional association levels to urge in‑country action to address the circumstances. This level of representation by WAZA as a global organisation has proven a relatively effective way to represent animal welfare concerns. It was also notable that social media has been instrumental in raising the animal welfare concerns and in representing the need to address poor zoo welfare.

Planned activities during 68th Annual conference The Committee will be facilitating a workshop on animal welfare during the 68th conference at Orlando. Each Committee member has been asked to present on developments in their region. This will be followed by an interactive session for all participants. A pre‑workshop survey on animal welfare has also been circulated to WAZA members to provide background input to the workshop.

Aquarium Committee Report Chair: Mark Penning, Disney’s Animal Kingdom Co‑chair: Suzanne Gendron, Ocean Park, Hong Kong

Proceedings of the 68th Annual Conference October 2013 Orlando

Members of Committee 1. Brad Andrews 2. Tom Schmidt 3. Paul Boyle 4. Heather Koldewey 5. Wolfgang Gettman 6. Joao Falcato 7. Simon Tonge 8. Dennis Thoney 9. Yoshitaka Abe 10. Kazutoshi Arai 11. Max Janse 12. Gordon McGregor‑Reid

Tasks since 67th Annual Conference • To solicit new aquarium members for WAZA. • To update/refresh aquarium data published in “Turning the Tide”. • To generate material for an aquarium edition of the WAZA news. • To initiate discussions with John Nightingale regarding the WAZA / IAC synergies.

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Progress – bullet points / Challenges • WAZA membership application forms completed for Shedd Aquarium, South Carolina Aquarium and Virginia Aquarium • The aquarium data published in “Turning the Tide” is being assessed and will be reported on during the Aquarium session at the 2013 WAZA conference. • Enough material was generated for an aquarium edition of the WAZA news, plus several additional articles for subsequent issues. • A discussion took place with John Nightingale regarding potential WAZA / IAC synergies, and it is hoped that the relationship will be developed. This remains a delicate matter, and a cautious approach is important.

Planned activities during 68th Annual conference WAZA Aquarium session – presentations on aquariums in various regions • Heather Koldewey/David Field on Europe, • Brad Andrews and Tom Schmidt on the USA, • Judy Mann on Africa, • Suzanne Gendron on China and SE Asia, • Yoshitaka Abe on Japan, and • Chris Andrews/Craig Thorburn on Australia/ New Zealand.

This will take the form of a ‘status and trends’ regional overview: • Number of aquariums in each region and changes over time. How does that compare with zoos in those regions? Why are they different? • Type of growth – aquariums as tools for urban regeneration, visitor profiles • Organisation profile – commercial vs charity, zoo‑based, the global entities e.g. SeaLife • Trends in operation – increasing drives to energy efficiency (needed for cost efficiency and the environment) • Trends in technology – LSS, acrylic, technology • Trends in species – ‘must see’ species e.g. whale sharks • Trends in mission – increasing involvement in conservation, co‑ordinated breeding programmes • Trends in policy/legislation – e.g. CITES, CBD and Aichi targets – how are they influencing aquariums • What zoos can learn from aquariums (and vice versa) – sustainable seafood movement • What next? Should regions push forward with different niches in expertise? • Clint Wright will fill a slot on the AMMPA as well.

WAZA Associations Committee Report Sally Walker, SAZARC

Main activities since June 2012

Proceedings of the 68th Annual Conference October 2013 Orlando

Activities of the Chair • Circulated emails to Regional Zoo Association Chairs regarding issues arising in the meetings in the WAZA Annual Conferences. • Arranged additional meeting in upcoming WAZA conference to have more time for Associations Committee discussions. • Met with Bangladesh Zoo personnel & senior officials in (June 2012) to investigate information that Dhaka Zoo was trying to get animals from other Zoo Association institutions without proper protocols and found it to be true. • Invited to Nepal (June 2012) to participate in a meeting of Nepal Zoos to promote creation of a national zoo association. It was created and named Nepal Zoo Network. • Attended and gave a presentation in First Arabian Zoo meeting in Al Ain deciding upon creating a Middle East Zoo Association (December 2012) • Attended Pakistan zoo directors meeting in Lahore to help work through issues in forming a national zoo association (July 2013)

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• Attended WAZA mid‑year Council meetings and WAZA Annual Conferences (2012–2013) • Invited to Nepal with Caroline Lees to discuss zoo association and zoo legislation with government officers (August 2013) • Discussed over phone and Skype problems in Indian Directors’ Zoo Association and planned a meeting with officers which did not materialize.

Membership Development The Associations Committee members are made up of Chairs, Presidents, Directors and posts by other names who represent their Regional or National Association. Currently there are 24 Members (see appended page). Membership grows slowly because it is now somewhat rare for a new Association to emerge and then join WAZA. It is a great occasion when this Committee gets a new member. The 24 Members cannot all attend WAZA due to time, conflicting schedules, etc. but primarily financial blocks. Last December 2012 the Al Ain Zoo in UAE convened a meeting of senior zoo personnel from the Middle East to discuss the formation of a regional association. The meeting met no disagreement and there was an enthusiastic vote to go through with this plan and to join WAZA. When this takes place, the Associations Committee will get another member, e.g., the Middle East Zoo Association.

Animal Welfare / Conservation highlights In the last meeting of the Associations Committee, there were several topics specifically on Animal Welfare and Conservation, e.g.

Animal Welfare Euthanasia (Submitted by Bill Peters) Lack of time did not permit discussion on this topic; now on 2013 Agenda.

Animals in Shows (Submitted by Lesley Dickie) This topic was discussed in detail at the meeting, covering many facets of the issue. It was felt that a better approach would be to insure that the topic is well‑addressed in the “work in progress” WAZA Animal Welfare Strategy being coordinated by WAZA Council Member Susan Hunt. Dr. Hunt assured that this topic is on the agenda of the Welfare Strategy.

Positions and Statements of Associations Every Association has been asked to provide a list of their position or policy statements, which would include Animal Welfare.

Conservation highlights Coordination and Promotion of field conservation (Submitted by Carolina Falla, ACOPAZOA) Coordinating and promoting field conservation was discussed and it was agreed that it is a large, complex and important issue. It was felt that the topic was too large, etc. for a regular Associations meeting to make headway and required a longer session devoted specifically to that issue. Time was not available for the

Associations Committee, according to the Executive Director, who opined that the session on conservation sustainability by Rick Barongi may fit this need.

Collection Sustainability (Submitted by Kris Vehrs and Lesley Dickie). Again a half day workshop on collection sustainability, discussing goals, challenges, opportunities and future directions. This is also a large, complex and important issue and again, Executive Director, suggested Association Committee members participate in it.

Proceedings of the 68th Annual Conference October 2013 Orlando

Accreditation Systems of Associations (Suggested by Kevin Bell). There was a good response from members in supplying copies of their Accreditation Systems which explain ways that associations serve conservation. It was decided to link them to the individual association’s website in the accreditation section.

Other comments Association Committee Actions related to WAZA Corporate Vision Document

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Miranda Stevenson and Sally Walker had written up a Draft regarding the WAZA Corporate Vision document with a goal of “Developing and delivering WAZA’s core conservation activities. This document was submitted to the Executive Office and at his request circulated to Council without remark. This year we are circulating to the Associations Committee heads to see if it is useful to them.

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Regional Reports

Eurasian Regional Association of Zoos and Aquariums (EARAZA) Vladimir Spitsin, Moscow Zoo

Main activities since June 2012 EARAZA Annual Conference Was held on May 23 through 29, 2013, at Brno Zoo, Czech Republic. The Conference was attended by more than 140 representatives of 72 zoological institutions from 14 countries.

Training and education for zoo staff • Training seminar Advanced Professional Train‑ ing of Russian Zoos` Chief Accountants, October 30 through November 2, 2012; attended by more than 19 representatives of zoos and other zoological institutions of Russia. • Training workshop Veterinary Problems in Zoos (November 19–23, 2012), attended by representatives of 26 zoos of Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russia, Ukraine and Estonia.

• The II International Conference on the Conserva‑ tion of Palearctic Bustards by ex‑situ methods, October 22 through 26, 2012, Moscow Zoo. The Conference was attended by 35 professionals from 8 countries (Argentina, Great Britain, Germany, Spain, ARE, Russia, France, and Czech Republic).

Publishing activities • The 31st Informational Issue of Eurasian Regional Association of Zoos and Aquariums in two volumes (total 676 pages), containing information on 109 zoos, aquariums and other zoological institutions from 17 countries was prepared for printing and published. • The 21st volume of the Yearbook on Birds of Prey and Owls in Zoos and Breeding Sta‑ tions (336 pages). • The 28th issue of the Research in Zoological Gardens (184 pages). • Collection of articles: Experience in Creation and Management of Public Aquarium Com‑ plexes, 2012, 256 pages. • Proceedings of the EARAZA workshop “Re‑ search in Zoos” which was held in November 23–25, 2010, at the Moscow zoo. • Collection of articles on Scientific and Educa‑ tional Work in Zoos. • Holidays in the Moscow Zoo. Collection of film scripts devoted to the 150th anniversary. In 2012, EARAZA Information Center managed to considerably enlarge its electronic library. The EARAZA Information Center has created and maintains an electronic database on animal species included in International and European studbooks.

Regional Studbook for the Amur Tiger is kept by the Moscow Zoo and Regional Studbook for the Yellow‑throated Marten, by Novosibirsk Zoo. The European Studbook for the Steller’s Sea Eagle is kept by the Moscow Zoo, and on the East Caucasian Tur, by the Tallinn Zoo. Staff member of the Tallinn Zoo is also acting as the EEP Coordinator for the European Mink. Staff of the EARAZA Information Center provided assistance throughout the year to member zoos and other zoological institutions in preparing documentation on zoo construction projects, formation of zoological collections and reconstruction of existing zoo exhibits, and in arranging and conducting interzoo internships.

Proceedings of the 68th Annual Conference October 2013 Orlando

Totally, more than 200 requests for consultations from the zoos staff and representatives of other institutions, as well as from private individuals, were handled by the EARAZA Information Center.

The following EARAZA Working Groups were active in 2012 • Veterinary Working Group • Working Group on Terrestrial and Freshwater Invertebrates • Working Group on Birds of Prey and Owls • Working Group on Education • Working Group on Elephants

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Membership Development As of June 30, 2013, EARAZA had 76 member institutions of 14 states, including 56 full, 13 associate and 7 candidate members.

New members of EARAZA (joined in the last year) Candidate members: • Belgorod Zoo, Russia • Haifa Zoo, Israel • Karaganda Zoo, Kazakhstan • Odessa Zoo, Ukraine • Sochi Aquarium, Russia • Staryi Oscol Zoo, Russia • Voronezh Oceanarium, Russia

Animal Welfare / Conservation highlights EARAZA Working Groups were active in the area of conservation 2012 The Veterinary Working Group members participated in the long‑term Program for Reintroduction of Central Asian Leopard in the Caucasus Region, and in the professional assessment of the possibility of reintroducing orphaned tiger cubs in the wild in the Russian Far East; carried out annual physical examination of cranes at the Rare Crane Breeding Centre of the Oka State Biosphere Reserve, participated in the procedure of fitting European bison with GPS‑collars in the Bryansk Forest and Kaluga Zaseki reserves.

Members of the Working Group on Elephants participated in the «Sri Lanka: Visiting Elephants» Conservation Project, aimed at popularization of ecotourism in Sri Lanka.

In 2012, regional zoos participated in the following EARAZA International Conservation and Research Programs • The Steller’s sea eagle Transfer recommendations have been prepared and circulated to the zoos and breeding centers of EARAZA and EAZA. Due to financial support of EARAZA, monitoring of the Steller’s Sea Eagle population in the Lower Priamurye Region was continued by PhD Vladimir Masterov (the State Moscow Lomonosov University). The expedition reports are published in current volumes of the Yearbook on Birds of Prey and Owls in Zoos and Breeding Stations. • Study, conservation, and breeding of the Pallas’ cat Sponsors’ money was used to help conduct a survey of the Pallas’ cat population in Kazakhstan within the framework of the program for the study of Pallas’ cats of the Siberian Ecological Center. • Eurasian Crane Conservation (including releases into the wild of zoo bred birds – Japanese cranes and Siberian cranes)

• Conservation of rare Eurasian sturgeon species In 2012, the staff of the Moscow Zoo’s Breeding Station engaged in the implementation of the EARAZA Program for Conservation of Rare Eurasian Sturgeon Species conducted a field study of the Amu Darya Sturgeon population in the flow of the Vakhsh River in Tajikistan; arranged transportation from the Republic of Buryatia to the Moscow Zoo’s Breeding Station of a small quantity of spawn of the Baikal sturgeon from the lower Selenga population, and organized spawn incubation and fry raising; started initial monitoring of the Black Sea aquatic areas along the coast of the North‑Western Caucasus and Transcaucasia. • EARAZA member zoos participated also in the programs of conservation of Mountain ungulates of Eurasia, Eurasian Bustards, rare and endangered geese of Eurasia, and in EARAZA Program for Amur tigers Panthera tigris altaica and the Program for establishing reserve populations of the Siberian spruce grouse Falcipennis falcipennis.

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British & Irish Association of Zoos & Aquariums (BIAZA) Miranda Stevenson

Main activities since June 2012 The BIAZA office has remained steady with 3.2 staff positions although there have been changes in personnel. The beginning of 2013 saw the retirement of Miranda Stevenson, whose efforts on behalf of BIAZA and zoos is to be applauded. Dr. Kirsten Pullen started as CEO of BIAZA in March 2013. Zara Gaspar continues as Communications Manager and Andrea Marlowe as Management Accountant. Matt Hartley covered the position of Zoo Biologist for six months, and that position is currently held by Nicky Needham on secondment from ZSL whilst job roles are being evaluated. We have also been joined by Fatemah Abidi, replacing Serena Cowdy, as General Assistant.

Our All Party Parliamentary Group (APPG) is still very active in Westminster. Towards the end of 2012 we hosted a parliamentary lunch in the Palace of Westminster, one of the best attended APPG lunches, allowing BIAZA members to sit down and discuss issues with MPs and Lords. On the back of this questions were raised within the Commons and the Lords concerning increased support from Parliament for zoos. This outcome has significantly raised our profile with British Parliament. In 2103 we have held meetings in Westminster on: ‘conservation and zoos in Gibraltar’ and ‘the work of zoos in China’ with more planned for the rest of the year. We, again, held our annual parliamentary reception in June, during which Dr. Kirsten Pullen gave an address focussing on the work of BIAZA members with native species. Coming on the heels of a report from an NGO consortium (including BIAZA members) highlighting that over 60% of British species are suffering major declines. This Parliamentary event illustrates the timely nature of the work by BIAZA zoos and highlights the need for continuing collaboration with relevant NGOs, and was a timely introduction for the MPs and Lords to the work and achievements of BIAZA members with native species. Currently we are arranging meetings, along with our members, with MEPs to aid EAZA in promoting the good work of zoos to the European Parliament.

Membership Development BIAZA’s membership stands at 107 (July 2013) with 100 full and 7 provisional members, working towards full membership. Our corporate membership currently stands at 44 members. The Annual Conference was hosted this year by the National Marine Aquarium in Plymouth. This year’s theme was BIAZA’s 50 Shades of Green, looking at aspects of sustainable practice, and coincided with the launch of BIAZA’s Sustainability Handbook. This conference was very exciting as it focussed on an aspect of BIAZA’s work that hasn’t so far received much attention but may have dramatic impact in how we utilise the world’s resources. Presentations were given on the current problems, including reviewing the evidence for human impacts on climate systems and the potential impacts on biodiversity, and the ways we may address them, including examples of water awareness projects, green energy solutions and green travel for visitors. Inspirational talks were given by Professor Lazlo Pinter (International Institute for Sustainable Development) and Alan Knight (Sustainability Director at Business in the Community), exhorting members to look at our specialisms and utilise them to engage with our 22.4 million visitors.

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Regional Reports page

This year, for the first time, we are investigating the possibility of establishing a parallel to the APPG with the Irish government. Using the contacts of the chair of the British APPG we have identified a member of the Irish Parliament willing to work with us to establish the remit of this group. This will not only benefit our Irish members in their work, but will also give another route into the European Parliament to support the work of EAZA.

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Every year the BIAZA Research Committee hosts their Research Symposium encouraging new zoo researchers to present their findings to peers and other zoo personnel. This year the Research Committee joined with the Native Species Working Group and the focus was on research with native species. The symposium was hosted by Wildwood in Kent, a collection that concentrates on British native species of the past and present. A feature of the symposium was not just work with the species but, again, how we can engage with the public and encourage them to think in positive ways about the wildlife around them. We continued to hold smaller regional meetings and the Irish meetings, this year hosted by Tayto Park in May. A key feature of these meetings was strategy workshops. BIAZA’s strategy is due for renewal and these meetings were an ideal opportunity to communicate with members about their impressions of the achievements of BIAZA to date, and the needs of BIAZA and the membership in the future. It is important that we deal with the special needs of the smaller collections especially as over 50% of members are technically ‘small’.

Animal Welfare / Conservation highlights A significant amount of time is still being spent on elephants. BIAZA continues to facilitate the Elephant Welfare Group for Government and the group has now begun to implement some of the research necessary to produce evidence ‑based husbandry guidelines.

BIAZA are also trialling a series of Welfare Management Systems across a small number of zoos and aquariums. We are aiming to provide our members with tools to initiate internal assessment of the welfare of their collections. This will allow internal assessment and prioritisation of issues, along with evidence of welfare standards and welfare progression within our members. This year for the first time BIAZA has offered a £5,000 research grant to member projects. We have had 12 members submit projects and are in the final stages of the selection process. This is a wonderful step for BIAZA in continuing to support and encourage our members to engage in conservation work. We hope to be able to continue this initiative on a yearly basis. We continued promoting phase two of the BIAZA Reserve Project, an initiative in partnership with the World Land Trust, which focused on ongoing management and protection costs at the reserve. Thanks to member donations, we are now funding two rangers in the Guapi Assu Reserve in south‑east Brazil. The support will cover both rangers’ salaries for a year and we hope to continue with this support into the future whilst also providing crucial resources – from digital cameras, uniforms and camera‑traps, to young ranger’s packs for schoolchildren who volunteer at REGUA. We are continuing with World Land Trust Keepers of the Wild project. This project aims to support rangers – strengthening the protection of the nature reserves that WLT has helped create across the world. BIAZA member zoos and aquariums will now have the opportunity to focus fundraising efforts not only on Brazil, but also Borneo, Armenia, Mexico and Zambia.

Over seven hundred field conservation projects were supported by BIAZA members in 2012 to a value of over 11 million GBP. Last year we had an exciting promotion of the Top Ten Species Most Reliant on Zoos, selected from our BIAZA members. This generated a lot of interest in the conservation work of zoos with significant press coverage. This year we are repeating the promotion, focusing on the Top Ten Mammal Species Reliant on Zoos, and we hope to achieve a similar result with press coverage.

Other comments

Proceedings of the 68th Annual Conference October 2013 Orlando

This year is the last of BIAZA’s current strategy and so we are in the exciting time of generating strategy for the coming period. We will continue to work to be the professional standard for zoos and aquariums within the British and Irish region, further developing their education, research and conservation activities. In addition we will be focussing strongly on the sustainability and public engagement aspect of our members work. We will continue to push forward our political agenda, especially with MEPs. Regional Reports page

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Danish Association of Zoos and Aquaria (DAZA) Henrik Harold

Main activities since June 2012 We held our yearly conference at the Kattegatcenter in Jutland with the focus on scientific research put into practice in our zoological institutions. The members are well on their way to all becoming members of the European zoo and aquaria organization EAZA. Our 2013–2014 goal is that all nationally recognized zoos and aquaria become members of WAZA. A goal that is import for having a professional zoo community.

Membership Development Currently we number 7 aquaria and 8 zoos. This number is stable with no new applicants.

Animal Welfare / Conservation highlights Conservation is in the center of our members conscience. We have decided that the 2015 annual conference will deal exclusively with this issue. All members are involved, more or less, in conservation eighter the funding of targeted programs or the management of research stations. One member has started its own protected area in the rainforest of Ecuador.

Italian Association of Zoos and Aquaria (UIZA) Cesare Avesani, Parco Natura Viva Proceedings of the 68th Annual Conference October 2013 Orlando

Main activities since June 2012 In 2011–2012 UIZA was still full time involved in the process for the implementation in Italy of the EC Directive 22/99 on the keeping of wild animals in zoos. From December 2011, UIZA has entered into an agreement with the Ministry of Environment with this goal: “revision of the inventory of confiscated wild animals and their recovery and improvement in the ex situ and in situ conservation”. The main target is to replace the specimen belonging to endangered species and actually located in rescue center into the zoo network.

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Since November 2012, UIZA has entered into an agreement with the Ministry of Environment with the goal of writing a report on the situation of the Zoos and Aquaria in Italy. The Title is Italian Zoos Report: biodiversity sentinels. In the meantime we are involved in improving our ethic code and the bylaws as well, to lead all our members in a new standard.

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The ministry of environment asked our association to lead the substandard zoo and aquaria to a new target in according to the zoo directive. In Italy 98 % of “Zoo Institutions” are private company not supported by public administration. In march 2013 we established a press office of our association finalized to spread all the activities and news developed by our members during the years. Our association is supported by some private companies interested in the zoo network as business opportunity, but the financial crisis affected most of the Italian zoos and we have to reduce our participation to meeting and conference mostly in Europe or external Europe.

Membership Development Up to date UIZA has 19 institutional members. This includes 16 full members, 3 associate members and 5 honorary members Last year three new members were accepted in UIZA: • Acquario di Genova • Acquario di Cattolica • Parco Faunistico Spormaggiore

Animal Welfare / Conservation highlights UIZA in 2012 started a cooperation with Prof. F. Andreone, co‑ chair of IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group – Madagascar and the main expert on amphibians of Madagascar, on a conservation project on Anphibian of Madagascar. Since 2010 the UIZA Conservation working Group has been involved on conservation of Anthocaris damone var. Etnea From April 2013, EduZoo, the UIZA working group on education, has launched a campaign on IAS (Invasive Alien Species

Verband Deutscher Zoodirektoren (VDZ) Peter Dollinger

Main activities since June 2012

Proceedings of the 68th Annual Conference October 2013 Orlando

The General Annual Meeting 2013, hosted by Munich Zoo, was held from May 29 to June 1 at Prien (Chiemsee). It was attended by 135 participants including 15 accompanying persons. A new Executive Board was elected. President is now Theo Pagel of Cologne Zoo, Vice‑President Dr. Oliver Pagan of Basel Zoo, Treasurer Dr. Thomas Kauffels of Opel‑Zoo Kronberg, Secretary Dr. Dag Encke of Nueremburg Zoo, and members at large are Dr. Gisela von Hegel of Karlsruhe Zoo and Dr. Michael Martys of Alpenzoo Innsbruck. Regional Reports Substantial time was allocated to discussing the future of VDZ. There was general agreement that membership should be based primarily on the institutions and that membership dues should be substantially increased in order to expand the Executive Office which is currently run by the executive and one asssistant both on a part‑time basis.

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Preceding the General Annual Meeting, a joint meeting of the zoo and professional associations of the German‑speaking area took place which dealt mainly with the joint Amphibian programme, selecting new in situ projects to be supported, and with the revision of the minimum standards for the keeping of mammals undertaken by the German Ministry for Agriculture and Consumer Affairs. The zoo veterinarians met for their annual workshop from November 3–6 at Landau in der Pfalz. The senior administrative staff of VDZ zoos held its annual meeting from November 21 to 24 at Graz (Austria) upon invitation by Tierwelt Herberstein. In spring the usual survey on visitor numbers and entrance fees was made. It appeared that the number of visits to member zoos in 2012 had been 43’343’784, including 32’764’732 in Germany, 3’463’957 in Austria, 5’756’308 in Switzerland, and 1’358’787 in the two zoos outside the German‑speaking area. Compared to the previous year, there was a decrease by 3.65 % which was essentially due to the unfavourable weather conditions. But till this was tzhe second best year ever. As the provider of VDZ’s website www.zoodirektoren.de went bankrupt, a new provider had to be sought and the site had to be completely redesigned. Although still incomplete, it was relaunched in March 2013. During the first six months it had about 175’000 visitors

Membership Development As of June 2012, the VDZ had 169 members, including 76 regular members (zoo directors or zoos) representing 50 zoos in Germany, 6 in Austria, 4 in Switzerland, 1 in Estonia and 1 in Spain. 38 of the 62 zoos held an institutional membership. The remainder of members is made up of 6 associate, 55 corresponding and 38 honorary members. In a number of cases personal membership was converted into institutional membership or an additional institutional membership was acquired. Dr. Heiner Engel of Hanover Zoo was elected regular member and Simone Haderthauer of Vienna Zoo corresponding member. Regrettably, the Honorary Members Dr. Wolfgang Grummt, former Director of Tierpark Berlin, Klaus‑Jürgen Jacob, former Director of Tierpark Cottbus and Dr. Rudolf Spengler former. Director of Zoo Landau in der Pfalz have passed away during the reporting period. On the other hand, the retired zoo directors Dr. Ulrich Schürer, formerly Wuppertal, Dr. Rüdiger Wandrey, formerly Wingst, and Dr. Helge Zabka, formerly Ueckermünde became new Honorary Members.

Animal Welfare / Conservation highlights Three representatives of VDZ participated in a working group of the German Ministry for Agriculture and Consumer Affairs mandated to revise the Minimum Standards for the Keeping of Mammals. As the Ministry had chosen to invite also anti‑zoo groups to this working group, the revision became a very cumbersome exercise which was not yet completed at the time of reporting.

VDZ continued to support WWF Germany’s Red Panda Project with an amount of 5’000 €. Several member zoos organised upon WWF’s suggestion a “Day of the Empty Enclosure” by not exhibiting elephants and rhinos during that day and drawing the attention of the public to the poaching crisis affecting these two taxa. There was agreement to continue the joint long‑term amphibian conservation programme in collaboration with the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Herpetologie und Terrarienkunde (DGHT), the other zoo associations in the German‑speaking area (DTG, DWV, OZO and zooschweiz), the professional organisations of the zoo educators and zoo keepers (VZP and BdZ), as well as the umbrella organisation of the “Friends of the Zoo” associations (GDZ) and the Stiftung Artenschutz. On the ex situ‑side, there were some changes to the list of species included in the programme. For the period 2013/14 members agreed to allocate 5’000 € from the VDZ budget towards the support of another five projects. Since its inception (2009) 24 field projects have been supported with a total amount of 108’003 €, a quarter of which was contributed by VDZ.

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Swedish Association Of Zoological Parks And Aquaria (SAZA) Tomas Frisk

Furthermore, SAZA has been active and successful in developing public and political relations, including meetings with the Swedish government, i.e. ministers of education and agriculture, and their staff, as well as members of the EU Parliament. Member institutions have been involved in several joint events with NGO’s, such as the WWF, the Swedish Society for Nature Conservation and the National Carni‑ vore Information Centre.

Membership Development Main activities since June 2012 Standing committees include conservation, veterinary medicine and education. Further, SAZA has organized working groups for environmental enrichment, research and animal transportation. The annual conference/ AGM was held in Lycksele in March. EAZA director Lesley Dickie and the national CITES officials attended the conference. SAZA board members have participated in numerous committees and hearings at governmental boards and agencies of concern, regarding a wide range of relevant topics and including; epizootology and general animal health and welfare, environmental enrichment, implementation of EU’s zoo directive and regulations on animal transportation, and genetic diversity conservation in wild fauna & flora of Sweden.

SAZA currently consists of 20 full member institutions and six associated members.

Animal Welfare / Conservation highlights SAZA runs a selected number of national ex situ programmes targeting red-listed native species, currently: Brown bear (Ursus arctos), Lynx (Lynx lynx), Wolf (Canis lupus), White stork (Ciconia ciconia) and Snowy owl (Nyctea scandiaca). Through an assignment by the Swedish government, during the past three years, SAZA has been involved in the planning and initial operational steps regarding the conservation breeding of wolves with potential (and controversial) subsequent re-introductions by means of cross-fostering. The work is an integral part of a genetic management and recovery programme for the Scandinavian wolf population. It is urgently monitored by the EU Commission in order for Sweden to implement the Spe‑ cies and Habitat Directive. New founders from western Russia have been included in the ex situ gene pool, with keen support from the Moscow Zoo and the Russian government.

Other comments The end of 2012 became extremely turbulent for the entire Swedish zoo community. Negative media publicity, followed by a public outcry, targeting two particular SAZA member institutions’ alleged misconduct, forced SAZA to immediate action. Considerable efforts to restore the credibility and image of the national zoo community in general included a joint screening with EAZA , of the zoos of concern. Substantial resources and time were spent on communication with media and licensing authorities. As a consequence, SAZA decided to reinforce its ethical guidelines and intensify the revision program of all members. Screening of the entire membership is scheduled to be completed by the end of 2014.

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SAZA truly appreciates the support of, and close collaboration with EAZA throughout this period of discomfort and damage control.

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The African Association of Zoos and Aquaria (PAAZAB) Stephen van der Spuy

Main activities since June 2012 Dr. Stephen van der Spuy was recruited as the Executive Director of PAAZAB in August 2012 on a part time basis. The structure of PAAZAB was also reviewed and the following portfolio’s have been established to assist the Executive Office with it’s duties: • Conservation • Population Sustainability • Quality Control and Training • Research and Veterinary • Education and Marketing The portfolios are managed by volunteers, most of whom are from the PAAZAB Institutional member facilities.

Conference 2013 The 24th Annual General Meeting and conference of PAAZAB was hosted by Two Oceans Aquarium, at Langebaan in South Africa from 22–25 April 2013.

The President of WAZA, Dr. Jörg Junhold addressed the delegates during the opening session, and was also coerced at short notice to do a presentation on Leipzig Zoo. Our keynote speakers were Mr. George Branch and Mr. Bernard Harrison who gave insightful and thought provoking presentations. 66 full conference delegates and 8 day conference delegates attended the conference from 8 countries. The theme of the conference was “Zoos and Aquaria of the future”. Emphasis was placed on the strengthening of the African Preservation Programmes (APPs) and the African Studbooks (ASBs). A Café Conversation session on the PAAZAB Operational Standards was part of the programme, which stimulated some lively discussion and proved to be of great value to assist with the implementation of the Operational Standards.

Mandatory PAAZAB Operational Standards Following the annual PAAZAB conference Dr. van der Spuy and Mr. John Werth (Quality Control and Training Portfolio) travelled to East London in the Eastern Cape, Cape Town in the Western Cape and Uganda to meet with members and conduct Operational Standards training workshops. These workshops will continue in various other regions. It is envisaged that all current Institutional Members will have undergone the Operational Standards audit by December 2014.

Proceedings of the 68th Annual Conference October 2013 Orlando

Training

At the formal Gala dinner, Delicia Gunn (nominated by the Mabula Ground Hornbill Project, Mabula, South Africa) was awarded the Bernard Harrison and Friends Award for Best Professional Development. The Penguin Promises campaign was awarded the PAAZAB Chairman’s Award.

The production of a basic Animal Husbandry Competency Certificate is under review by the Executive Committee of PAAZAB. It is currently under consideration to rather concentrate on the South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA) National Certificates in Zoo‑keeping and animal care. There is currently no service provision to either of these SAQA certificates and PAAZAB is ideally placed to provide and / or facilitate this service.

Regional Reports

PAAZAB Campaign – Rethink the Bag

Government liaison

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pAAZAB also launched it’s first official campaign namely RETHINK THE BAG with the aim of having the single use plastic shopping bag banned by law in retail stores. All conference delegates received RETHINK THE BAG campaign material on flash drives. Information regarding the campaign and how to become involved is available on PAAZAB’s website www. zoosafrica.com as well as on www.rethinkthebag.org

PAAZAB submitted the combined comments of the members of the African Association of Zoos and Aquaria (PAAZAB) on the draft amendments to the Threatened or Protected Species (ToPS) regulations and species lists which are part of the National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act, 2004 (Act No. 10 of 2004) in South Africa.

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PAAZAB submitted comments on the draft proposed procedures and standard terms and conditions for keeping animals in captivity in Kwazulu‑Natal, South Africa.

Membership The Executive Office of PAAZAB performed a complete review of the PAAZAB Membership listing. Currently PAAZAB lists a total of 51 Institutional, Affiliate and Associate members in 12 African countries: (South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe, Uganda, Cameroon, Nigeria, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Madagascar, Swaziland, and Zambia). The breakdown is as follows: 37 Institutional Members in 9 countries, 6 Affiliate Members in 4 countries and 8 Associate members in 1 country.

Animal Welfare / Conservation highlights Greater emphasis is being placed on the importance of the African Preservation Programmes (APPs) and African Studbooks (ASBs) with the establishment of PAAZAB’s Conservation and Population Sustainability portfolio’s. Additionally, time is being allocated at the annual conference for updates and discussions.

The current breeding programmes are being reviewed with a view to ascertaining which programmes will be confirmed as full APPs. The current APP manual is being reviewed and updated in line with the restructuring of PAAZAB and to ensure that the current guidelines are appropriate for the APPs / ASBs currently running. The Executive Director attended the WAZA Animal Welfare Strategy Workshop on 16 April 2013 at the IUCN Conservation Centre, Gland, Switzerland.

South Asian Zoo Association for Regional Cooperation (SAZARC) Sally R. Walker, Founder/Chair

Proceedings of the 68th Annual Conference October 2013 Orlando

Other comments Two Oceans Aquarium hosted the 8th International Aquarium Congress (IAC) from 9 to 14 September 2012 in Cape Town South Africa.

Main activities since June 2012 Reorganising selected South Asian zoos to develop a plan for a national association. It has turned out that the 10 years of regional conferences have not met with expectations for improvement so a new plan has been in progress, e.g., to encourage and assist the countries with a larger number of zoos to create a national zoo association. First letters were sent out in late 2011 and followed up with reminders and also articles and descriptions of how other national zoo associations were set up. In South Asia there are two countries which had already created National Zoo Associations, e.g. India (1985) and Nepal (2011). Both of these associations want assistance from SAZARC and other Associations.

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The other countries with sufficient zoos to make a national association meaningful are Sri Lanka, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. Director of the Sri Lankan zoos did not want any part of an association. Pakistan and Bangladesh were enthusiastic about meeting and discussing how to set up and maintain a national association. Finally, countries with 0–1 zoo are Afghanistan (Kabul Zoo), Bhutan (Takin Rescue Center) and Maldives 0 zoos. Afghanistan and Bhutan are still SAZARC members and are in correspondence with SAZARC. SAZARC office has taken responsibility for guiding these zoos by beginning a series of personal visits consisting of the SAZARC Chair and one or more national or regional Chairs from different countries or regions. The first visits and/or interaction for this purpose began in July 2013 with India, Pakistan, Nepal and Bangladesh on the Agenda for the year. India – India is the oldest zoo association in the region, has conducted annual meetings and elected appropriate officials since its inception. However, there has been a dearth of activities aside from the same thing year after year. The Deputy Secretary and President of the Indian Zoo Directors’ Association IZDA invited SAZARC Chair Sally Walker and her guest Caroline Lees from New Zealand to visit the Jamshed Zoological Park for discussions on how to improve their association. Unfortunately, a crucial flight was removed from service and it was not possible for either Sally or Caroline to reach the place in time. Materials on zoo associations have been sent to them and skype discussions will continue.

Pakistan – SAZARC Founder/Director had visited Pakistan some 12 years ago to advise a meeting of Pakistan zoo directors on how to come together and form a national body. All attendees were enthusiastic and the meeting seemed very successful but over the years there was no association formed. Sally visited in July 2013 and a similar meeting was conducted with a few of those who had attended earlier and some new directors. Dr. Uzma Khan of WWF and colleagues organized the meeting where the directors mostly of larger zoos attended. There was much enthusiasm and more determination in this meeting. SAZARC will stay in touch sending materials and further visits. Nepal – Sally and Carolyn Lees went to Nepal to meet Dr. Sarita Jnwali, Director of Katmandu Zoo and Founder of the “Nepal Zoo Network” and discuss measures to improve the 25 zoos of the country within the network. We met and discussed zoo legislation and its role in zoo associations with Government officers as well as those of the powerful National Trust for Nature Conservation. Carolyn wrote a review of her visit and included succinct, do‑able and productive suggestions for maintaining a zoo association or network which was circulated recently in ZOOS’ PRINT magazine.

It was planned to visit Bangladesh and resuscitate their decision to create a national zoo association in 2003. The Bangladesh zoo personnel drafted a document to describe and ascertain limits, etc. as a national zoo association, but their zeal burned out and the matter drifted. There are several zoos that are very keen to try again. Unfortunately the Eid holiday and others prevented SAZARC Director from visiting Bangladesh. She will visit the region again in Jan‑Feb and in the interim interact with Bangladesh zoo directors and officials via email and skype.

Proceedings of the 68th Annual Conference October 2013 Orlando

SAZARC will continuously keep the issue of the need for national zoo associations and their activities in view by sending emails, videos, and documents to key persons in the zoo community of South Asia.

Animal Welfare / Conservation highlights Animal welfare and conservation issues are shared with all the zoos in South Asia by providing the monthly magazine and a monthly journal to all the zoo directors, dy. Directors, etc. listed in the South Asian Zoo database.

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Japanese Association of Zoos and Aquariums (JAZA) Kazutoshi Arai

Membership Development The number of member institutions as of April 1, 2013 – 86 zoos and 64 aquariums (total 150 institutions). The increase and decrease of number of member institutions between April 1, 2012 and March 31, 2013 – Zoo: no increase and decrease, Aquarium: increased one and decreased three. The total number of attendance on 2012 – Zoo: 39,805,452 | Aquarium: 33,471,763 | total: 73,277,215

Main activities since June 2012

Animal Welfare / Conservation highlights

Holding the symposium for the public

The promotion for establishment of studbooks and long term reproductive planning for endangered animals

It was the symposium to discuss about the role of zoos and aquariums as the museum of life. It was held for three times with a total of 680 attendances.

Established the ten‑year vision We established the ten‑year vision, made the action plans for each committee based on the vision and started the business deployment.

The target species for JAZA conservation activities: 143 species (6 Marsupials and others, 14 Primates, 15 Carnivores, 10 Marine mammals, 16 Ungulates, 8 Raptors, 10 Penguins, 13 Storks / Pheasants / Cranes, 15 Small birds, 15 Amphibians and Reptiles and 21 Fishes) The International studbook species: 44 species (the 4 of International SB keepers are located in JAZA community).

The international cooperation for conservation activities Attending the CPM / WAZA and Red panda GSMP. Conclusion of the Memorandum of Agreement with AZA for Red panda conservation. Conclusion of the Memorandum of Understanding with CAZA. Conclusion of the Memorandum of Agreement with ZAA for Goodfellow’s Tree‑Kangaroo.

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Subsidizing the cost for the wildlife conservation by the zoos, aquariums, universities and conservation groups based in Japan 10 projects, total JPY 3,961,000 (approx. € 30,575.00)

The measures against infectious diseases Providing the information related to maedi ‑visna from World Organization for Animal Health.

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Providing the information about Zebra herpes virus that potentially‑transmissible to Polar bear.

The GSMP species: 4 species

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Conducting the inspection of Chytridiomycosis.

The measures against disasters The implementation of aerial drill for rescue and support animals by utilization of the helicopter.

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Other comments Holding the workshop for zoo and aquarium technicians For zoos: 38 oral presentations, 6 poster presentations and 1 report of questionnaire survey For aquariums: 25 oral presentations and 1 research presentation For marine mammals: 27 oral presentations and 1 report of questionnaire survey

The publication of academic journal 7 original papers, 1 short paper and 1 information material

Latin American Zoo and Aquarium Association (ALPZA)

On June 2013, ALPZA launched its new website (on pilot mode: www.alpza.org) which will allow our Association, its members and collaborators to take full advantage of a more modern site, which new interesting features. We expect the new website to be fully working before the end of the year.

Andrea Caiozzi

Currently, ALPZA is composed of 7 operational committees (modified at 2013 General Assembly): Accreditation & Ethics, Aquariums, Animal Welfare (sub‑groups of Nutrition, Health, Behavioural Management, Zookeper’s Network), Conservation (sub‑group of Amphibians), Organizational Development (sub‑group of Communications & Marketing), Cooperative Population Management, and Education (sub‑group of Professional Development and Scholarships).

Main activities since June 2012 At our last General Assembly at the XX ALPZA Congress in São Paulo, Brazil, on June 2013, a new Board of Directors was elected for the period 2013–2015: • President: Joao Batista da Cruz (São Paulo Zoo, Brazil) • Vice‑President: Damián Pellandini (Temaikén, Argentina) • Secretary: Kurt Duchez (Zoológico Nacional La Aurora, Guatemala) • Treasurer: Haydy Monsalve (Fundación Zoológico Santacruz, Colombia) • Auditor: Frank Carlos Camacho (Africam Safari, Mexico) ALPZA was proud to welcome more than 400 attendees at our XX Congress in São Paulo, past June, including the President of WAZA, Jorg Junhold, and other representatives from zoos, aquariums, and other conservation organizations from Latin America and the rest of the world.

Proceedings of the 68th Annual Conference October 2013 Orlando

Membership Development During the period 2012–2013, the Latin American Zoo and Aquarium Association (ALPZA) represents 73 active members, in a total of 20 countries: Regional Reports • 50 zoos and aquariums (47 in Latin America, 2 in Europe and 1 in the US), • 15 professionals, • 5 national and regional associations of zoos and aquariums in Latin America (AZCARM, ACOPAZOA, AVZA, SZB & SPZ), • 3 reciprocal associated organizations (EAZA, AIZA & ISIS). Since 2012, ALPZA has welcomed 10 new members: Chicago Zoological Society (CZS, USA), Zoológico Parque Lecoq (Uruguay), Aquário de São Paulo (Brazil), Fundação Zoo‑Botânica de Belo Horizonte (Brazil), Fundación Parque

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Cóndor (Ecuador), Sociedade de Zoológicos de Brasil (SZB); and 4 new professional (individual) members. During our 2013 General Assembly, the figure of Corporate/Sponsor Membership was defined in three categories (gold, silver and bronze), which will allow ALPZA to receive funding from companies, institutions and organizations worldwide in order to promote capacity building and conservation projects among our members.

Animal Welfare / Conservation highlights ALPZA Certification Programme of Conservation Projects officially started with a great beginning on 2012. So far two conservation projects carried out by ALPZA members have been certified by ALPZA’s Conservation Committee: The Saguinus leucopus project in Colombia, and the Andean Condor project in Argentina. The objective of this certification is to reward conservation projects with high impact on their region, in order to serve as a reference for similar projects and to inform the world community about the ALPZA certified projects, showing our high commitment to conservation. The certification process involves several steps of evaluation of the candidate projects by a panel of conservation specialists, representing different regions of ALPZA. During 2013, two projects are under assessment by ALPZA’s Conservation Committee.

Our Conservation Committee keeps promoting ALPZA’s merchandising material for fundraising for conservation capacity building initiatives, consisting in beautiful t‑shirts, bookmarks and suitcase nametags, with attractive messages promoting conservation initiatives. ALPZA members and collaborators can sell these items at their souvenir shops, fundraising for these initiatives but also informing the public about the important role Latin American zoos and aquariums have in conservation. ALPZA continues working on developing Cooperative Species Management Programs and their Studbooks for regional species. Special attention has received the ALPZA penguin program. Currently, ALPZA members coordinate 2 international studbooks (ISBs) from WAZA: Cotton top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus), and Maroon‑fronted parrot (Rhynchopsitta terrisi). ALPZA continues its Capacity Building and Scholarships Programmes, through 5 events carried out during the period 2012–2013, in 4 countries of Latin America, all of them including scholarships for ALPZA members. In total, ALPZA facilitated 11 scholarships during the period, for staff of ALPZA zoos and aquariums, including zookeepers, educators, veterinarians, and others. All these courses and workshops included topics related to in situ and ex situ conservation, as well as animal welfare, such as: Xenarthra management and conservation, Environmental Education Congress, Zookeepers workshops, among others. During our 2013 Congress, ALPZA, São Paulo Zoo and Temaikèn conducted an “Advances in Wild Animal Care” workshop, partially funded by WAZA’s Training Grant. This workshop lasted for 4 days, and counted with 4 instructors, and 45 attendees from 8 different Latin American

countries, mainly zoo and aquarium keepers. The funds from WAZA were used to give full scholarships to 4 zookeepers from 4 ALPZA institution members from 3 countries. A Selection Board of experts selected these recipients from over 50 applicants, from all over Latin America, number that shows the huge interest of our members to train their keepers. During the workshop, attendees and facilitators discussed relevant issues for the zoo and aquarium community to raise the animal care and welfare standards in Latin America.

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Future projects and events Our XXI Annual Congress will be held in the cultural and culinary city of Lima, Perú, 28th April – 2nd of May, 2014, hosted by Patronato del Parque de las Leyendas (PAT‑PAL). ALPZA is receiving applications for international speakers, oriented to those actively participating in conservation, education and animal welfare projects involving Latin American species/ ecosystems (direccion@alpza.com). We look forward for meet all of you in Lima! ALPZA, through its Latin American Zookeepers’ Network, is organizing the 1st Conference of Latin American Zookeepers, as a satellite conference of the 2014 Congress in Lima. FUND‑ ING is needed to provide full scholarships to zookeepers (direccion@alpza.com). ALPZA, through its Conservation Committee, is organizing a Strategic Planning Workshop for Integrated Conservation in Latin America, as a satellite workshop of the ALPZA 2015 Congress in Argentina. FUNDING is needed to provide full scholarships to attendees (direccion@alpza. com).

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Other comments ALPZA has strengthened its communication strategy, through the publication of our new membership brochure (released in Spanish, English and Portuguese), our online Newsletter called “Developing Community” (released in Spanish, English and Portuguese, Vol. 3 released past May), the Conservation in Latin America online Newsletter (Vol. 6 already past May), and through our new website (www. alpza.org) and our old website (www.alpza. com; valid until March 2014), our Facebook fan page (Alpza Zoos), and our Twitter account (@ ALPZA_Zoos). We welcome you to visit us on our websites, like us on Facebook, and follow us on Twitter!

Colombian Association of Zoos, Aquariums and Related (ACOPAZOA) Carolina Falla

Main activities since June 2012 A Calendar with the topic of illegal trade of fauna was designed and printed as a strategy to build awareness in the community, each one of the members chose species threatened locally with an educative message for the public. ACOPAZOA participated in ALPZA congress in Puebla Mexico (June 19 till 22) invited by the Conservation Committee, since our International Conservation Program of White footed tamarin (Saguinus leucopus) was the first conservation project accredited; the association received the certificate and made a speech regarding the project. This year ACOPAZOA also participated in the annual meeting of ALPZA in Sao Paulo, Brazil. We improved the relationships with the government by signing an agreement to build a National Reproduction Program for the Andean Condor and Blue billed curassow and participated in meetings to discuss the legislation for

zoos and aquariums in Colombia. The agreement with the Environment Ministry was performed from June 2012 until January 2013, and left several products such as guidelines for the species, reproductive guidelines and studbook publication. We increased the skills in managing zoo populations by training our professionals in SPARKS and PMx program and other topics related with the conservation projects: Callitrichids, workshop in Management, reproduction and conservation of Andean Condor (Vultur gryphus) and blue billed curassow (Crax alberti).

Proceedings of the 68th Annual Conference October 2013 Orlando

ACOPAZOA is acting as a connector between different institutions working in conservation of our main three Programs (White footed tamarin, Andean condor, blue billed curassow) building networks between in situ and ex situ initiatives. We also made contact with the authorities in protected areas of Colombia (Parques Nacionales Naturales), and in the next days we hope to sign a cooperation agreement for conservation. In this way, the Colombian zoos are working increasingly in the in situ conservation approach of the world strategy. Regional Reports Seven conservation projects of ACOPAZOA and our members were published in an important Colombian journal called: “Revista Ambiental Catorce 6”, as a strategy to spread the information of those projects and show the activities of zoos among the environmental people of the government, NGOs, and other institutions interested. Four zoos were visited for evaluation of the minimum standards of the Association as part of the action plan for the institutional strengthening.

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The Veterinary committee made contact with the sanitary authority in Colombia (ICA) to work in the requirements for quarantine and tests for the importation of animals. The collection committee has at the moment six national studbook published (blue billed curassow, white footed tamarin, harpy eagle, jaguar, tapir and spider monkey). The education committee is working in the generation of different strategies for the three selected species. We coordinated the WAZA visitor survey for awareness in biodiversity; six of our members performed the survey.

Membership Development We have fifteen (15) members at the moment: • Fundación Zoológica Santacruz • Zoológico Jaime Duque • Parque Recreativo y Zoológico Piscilago • Bioparque La Reserva • Zoológico CAFAM • Zoológico Matecaña • Zoológico Santa Fe • Fundación Zoológica de Cali • Fundación Botánica y Zoológica de Barranquilla • Parque Explora • Aviario Nacional de Colombia • Mundo Marino • Oceanario Islas del Rosario • Fundación Museo del Mar F. Ospina • Fundación Proyecto titi We have an application for readmission from Bioparque Los Ocarros, and interest from new zoos: Parque Temático Guátika and Parque Temático de Pereira. They have to fill up a form and then we will organize a visit to check the zoo and give the approval.

Animal Welfare / Conservation highlights The international support, especially from Houston Zoo, San Diego Global zoo, Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust and EAZA, has supported many activities and alliances for the conservation programs. Beside, this year we counted with the support of the Cracid Breeding and Conservation Center in Belgium and Germany, who gave us four training scholarships for people working in the C. alberti conservation program. San Diego Global zoo gave us two scholarships for an incubation workshop in November 2013. We received incubators and candlers as part of the agreement with the Ministry, since the two avian species participating of our programs require special considerations in the reproductive management. The conservation program of Saguinus leuco‑ pus keep working in an integral way through ex situ, in situ and educative activities. The ex situ component performed an evaluation of the captive breeding program where the eight zoos participating in the program were visited, research in veterinary, nutrition and behavior, and published the studbook. The in situ component is performed by WCS where the animals are being captured in the wild to make health and genetic analysis for taking decisions in the future. The educative activities were focused in a congress performed by the kids of the local community of Norcasia and keep working with the zoos in the holiday season where usually there are more visitors.

The blue billed curassow (C. alberti) program, organized the captive population in Colombia for the breeding program after training by Christopher Holmes (Houston Zoo) and Michael Taylor (White oak Conservation Center) last August of 2012. People at the zoos are working hard in the management of the species, since the male is aggressive with the female and is one of the main causes of the no reproduction in Colombian zoos. Training in incubation is going to improve the skills to increase the success in reproduction. Agreements were signed with six zoos to realize a cooperative management and participate in educative activities. The Andean Condor (Vultur gryphus) program, established an international and national network to join the efforts for the species, experts around the world were brought on December 2012: Michael Mace and Alan Lieberman from San Diego Global Zoo, Vanesa Astore and Luis Jacome from Buenos Aires Zoo, Marc Bechard from Boise University and Eduardo Pavez from the rehabilitation center of Ornithologists Union of Chile. Since five old animals are the current captive population in Colombian Zoos, we are waiting for three couples from Chile to re‑activate the reproduction in Colombian zoos. Colombian Government is supporting the program and helping with the official communication between the two countries. During ALPZA congress, we created a group for the cooperative management for the species in Latin America; we are working in guidelines and protocols to make agreements with Latin‑American zoos for the conservation in the distribution area of the species.

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Mesoamerican Association of Zoos and Aquaria (AMACZOOA / CBSG Mesoamerica) Yolanda Matamoros

Main Activities, 2012–2013 Workshops and other activities Review of progress in the actions implementation of Costa Rican Jaguar PHVA. March 11, 2013. Participants to the workshop Análisis de via‑ bilidad de la población y del hábitat del jaguar en Costa Rica. Estrategia para su conservación (Costa Rican jaguar PHVA), held in 2009, met at Simón Bolívar Zoo during March 11 to assess compliance of the actions proposed, and create a document with budgets for different prioritized actions that will be presented to VOLCAFE, a donor that has a program named Café Jaguar, a special coffee brand that the profit will be dedicated to the Jaguar conservation programs established in the strategy. Ex situ management course and Regional Conservation Strategy for Mesoamerican Amphibians. September 19–24, 2013.

Amphibians are rapidly declining and disappearing around the globe. Costa Rica is a country where continuously are studied the causes of this markedly decline and disappearance of amphibian populations such as the climate change and chytrid fungus. Two amphibian conservation assessments were done in 2002, when all 180 species were evaluated in a Conservation Assessment and Management Plan (CAMP) Workshop and later in the year the discussions for the Costa Rican portion of the Global Amphibian Analysis (GAA) for the complete revision of the status of Central American amphibians. Following these conservation assessments, several Costa Rican organizations and institutions did a National Conservation Strategy for Costa Rican Amphibians in 2006, being WAZA, CBSG, AARK, the Biology School of the Universidad de Costa Rica and FUNDAZOO the supporters. The Strategy established that conservation actions for this group had to be done through three main areas: 1) ex situ conservation; 2) in situ conservation and 3) training, and education. One of the priority actions of the ex situ area was the need to do a captive management course targeted to amphibian specialists of the Mesoamerican and Caribbean Region specially those who work at AMACZOOA Institutions, so they learn the basic principles of amphibian care and captive management to establish successful populations that will support endangered wild populations. The course will teach to the participants the important role of captive management in conservation and in research, and the main areas needed to guarantee a successful ex situ program. The need to establish a Regional Amphibian Conservation Strategy is also important, as it would help to bring

together and strength the different conservation actions that are made individually in the Region, and also emphasize that in situ and ex situ conservation actions have to be done in an integrated way if the success of the amphibian conservation efforts is wanted. With the fulfillment of these activities it is expected to contribute to the call for action made by IUCN/SSC in the Amphibian Conservation Action Plan (ACAP) to stop the marked and rapid decline and disappearance of amphibian populations. This program provides the tools necessary for additional Mesoamerican and Caribbean zoos and other institutions to contribute to the common goal of saving at least one amphibian species per institution, through ex situ conservation. The course will be taught by specialists from U. S, Mesoamerican Region and South America, for participants to become more involved in a project whose success depends largely on the Regional ex situ managers.

Proceedings of the 68th Annual Conference October 2013 Orlando

This workshop is financed by WAZA and has the support of the Biology School, Universidad de Costa Rica, AARK, Costa Rica Amphibian Research Center and FUNDAZOO. Regional Reports Symposium: Conservation in the Zoos. San Salvador, El Salvador. October 18–19, 2013. To celebrate its 60th Anniversary, El Salvador Zoo is organizing a Conservation Symposium, to which Yolanda Matamoros has been invited to give a talk about Zoos and conservation. She is going to participate due to the support of the Costa Rica Embassy at San Salvador.

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Lake Junin frog (Telmatobius macrostomus) Conservation Strategy Workshop. October 28–30, 2013. At the request of Denver Zoo and Perú Government, Yolanda Matamoros will be facilitating the workshop to develop a Conservation Strategy for this endemic species that lives 4,000m over the sea in a Lake in Junin at the Peruvian Andes.

Mexican Zoo and Aquarium Association (AZCARM)

Implementation of IUCN Red List Guidelines in the amphibian and reptile species National Red List assessment of Costa Rica. November, 2013.

Frank Carlos Camacho

The government of Costa Rica is reassessing its National species Red List with the help of the universities scientists, and the herpetologists asked CBSG Mesoamerica collaboration to examine the species of amphibians and reptiles using the IUCN Red List guidelines. Meeting at Simon Bolivar Zoo, the herpetologists are organizing the review of the lists of the species. During November there is going to be a workshop to finish this work.

Reports in elaboration Simon Bolivar Zoo and Santa Ana Conservation Center, Costa Rica Conservation Strategy. Central American River Turtle PHVA. (PVA section finished, Spanish and English version), first draft of the report under revision.

Membership Development • 54 institutional members. • 118 professional members • 6 new members. For the first time, we have members from Guatemala and Honduras.

Animal Welfare / Conservation highlights Finalized plan to have the Assoc start operate and maintain a nature reserve in every State of Mexico. The first one, Bison Preserve, has been started.

Proceedings of the 68th Annual Conference October 2013 Orlando

Main activities since June 2012 • Started the second cycle of 3 yr. accreditations. • Accreditation Standards reviewed and updated. • Signed MOU with Federal Government where Accredited zoos have considerable benefits over non‑accredited. • The membership reached Consensus to order to designate as a top priority y for the Assoc the forming of AZCARM owned and operated Nature Preserves. AZCARM will start with the American bison preserve in Northern Mexico. About 2,000 hectares of open range grassland. Member institutions have donated founding bison stock to start the breeding herds. Other preserves will soon follow. • The National conference took place in October at Africam Safari Park with the highest attendance in the history of the assoc.

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Deutsche Tierpark‑Gesellschaft e. V. (DTG) Gert Emmrich

Main activities since June 2012

Animal Welfare / Conservation highlights Two conservation projects have been supported: Re‑introduction of the Little owl (Athene noctua) in the Harz Mountains and re‑introduction of the European mink (Mustela lutreola) in the Saarland. Together with the other German‑speaking zoo organizations DTG took an active part in the campaign against amphibian decline with the support of meetings and the support of conservation projects. Some members participated in captive breeding programmes or scientific research projects for amphibians.

Proceedings of the 68th Annual Conference October 2013 Orlando

The annual general meeting 20103 was held at Bad Pyrmont (North Rhine‑Westphalia) and hosted by Tierpark Bad Pyrmont.

Membership Development • Total number: 99 (87 full members, 2 preliminary members, 5 honorary members, 5 supportive members) • New members: 5 (2 full, 2 honorary, 1 supportive members)

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1 Administrative Session st

Lake Buena Vista, Orlando 15 October 2013 Start at 4.00 pm – End at 5.00 pm Chair: Jörg Junhold | Rapporteur: Gerald Dick

1st Administrative Session Chair: Jörg Junhold | Rapporteur: Gerald Dick

Opening The Chair opens the session at 4.00 pm after the conclusion of the technical congress sessions. Chair reminds that administrative sessions are closed sessions, thanks were expressed to the host and the coordinators at Disney’s Animal Kingdom (especially Jackie Ogden, Rochelle Plasse and whole team). A quorum is required for any voting and therefore voting members present are counted. Out of 125 registered participants as voting members, 63 are needed to be present in order to reach a quorum (simple majority of registered participants). A count revealed 72 voting members present and quorum is reached.

Approval of minutes of the 67th Annual Conference The chair recalls that the minutes of the two administrative sessions in Melbourne, which were held on 9 October 2012 and on 11 October 2012 were published as part of the proceedings of the Annual Conference and again were made available as DOC 68.19 for this conference in order to be formally approved. The assembly adopts the minutes after Manfred Niekisch proposed adoption, seconded by David Jones, the proceedings are then unanimously adopted. All in favour, no abstentions.

Proceedings of the 68th Annual Conference October 2013 Orlando

Apologies were received from Geer Scheres, Weltvogelpark Walsrode, Germany, Thomas Kauffels, Opel Zoo, Germany, Jay R. Christie, Racine Zoological Gardens, USA, Mark Reed, Sedgewick County Zoo, USA. The Chair recorded the death of the following esteemed colleague and asked all participants to rise in recognition and memory: Theodore Reed, the long‑time director of the National Zoo in Washington DC (USA), a former chair of the WAZA membership committee and host of the IUDZG Annual conference 1981 when it was held at the National Zoo passed away in July 2013 at the age of 90. He was a passionate supporter of WAZA. Chair asks to stand for a moment of silence.

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Recording of Proxies Proxy forms were sent to all voting members on 9 September 2013, the deadline for submitting proxies was as of 15 October 12:00pm. The following 21 proxies were received; the Executive Director reads the names as follows: Institution

First Name

Last Name

Transferred to Institution

FirstName Last Name

Allwetterzoo Münster

Jörg

Adler

Leipzig Zoo

Jörg

Junhold

Parco Natura Viva

Cesare

Avesani Zaborra Alpenzoo Innsbruck

Michael

Martys

Natur & Tierpark Goldau

Anna

Baumann

Zoo Basel

Olivier

Pagan

Zoo Osnabrück

Michael

Boer

Zoo Rostock

Udo

Nagel

Belfast Zoological Gardens

Mark

Challis

Bristol Zoo Gardens

Bryan

Carroll

ALPZA

João Batista da Cruz

Temaiken

Damian

Pellandini

Zoo Salzburg

Sabine

Grebner

Alpenzoo Innsbruck

Michael

Martys

Tierpark Hagenbeck

Claus

Hagenbeck

Zoo Leipzig

Jörg

Junhold

Lodz Zoo

Magdalena

Janiszcaska

Wroclaw Zoo

Radoslav

Ratajszczak

Zoo Augsburg

Barbara

Jantschke

Zoo Rostock

Udo

Nagel

Natur Zoo Rheine

Achim

Johann

Zoo Munich

Andreas

Knieriem

Opel Zoo

Thomas

Kauffels

Basel Zoo

Olivier

Pagan

Tierpark Nordhorn

Nils

Kramer

Leipzig Zoo

Jörg

Junhold

Jurong Bird Park

Daisy

Ling

Wildlife Reserves Singapore

Wen-Haur

Cheng

AMACZOOA

Yolanda

Matamoros

SAZARC

Sally

Walker

Haus des Meeres

Michael

Mitic

Alpenzoo Innsbruck

Michael

Martys

Cologne Zoo

Theo

Pagel

Leipzig Zoo

Jörg

Junhold

Tiergarten Straubing

Wolfgang

Peter

Zoo Rostock

Udo

Nagel

Tiergarten Schönbrunn

Dagmar

Schratter

Alpenzoo Innsbruck

Michael

Martys

Moscow Zoo

Vladimir

Spitsin

Tallinn Zoo

Marti

Kaal

Tierwelt Herberstein

Doris

Wolkner

Alpenzoo Innsbruck

Michael

Martys

Change in WAZA Council Members Joanne Lalumiere is retiring and Mark Penning is leaving as immediate past president. For the first time the electronic voting system “simplyvoting.com” was applied and after a test run amongst Council members it was proven to work well and serve the purpose. Out of 272 eligible members 186 voted, which comes to a voter turnout of 68%. The electronic voting was open between 13 May and 13 June 2013. At 4.30 pm CET on 13 June the vote was closed in the presence of Mr Giuseppe Zaccagnini, IUCN attorney at law and the result is the following:

Proceedings of the 68th Annual Conference October 2013 Orlando

Ratification of Officers • President: Lee Ehmke, Minnesota Zoological Gardens, USA • President‑elect: Susan Hunt, Perth Zoo, Australia

Elected Council Members Region 1 • Kevin Bell, Lincoln Park zoo, USA • Mary Healy, Sacramento zoo, USA • Rick Barongi, Houston zoo, USA

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Region 2 • David Field, Zoological Society London, UK • Lena Lindén, Nordens Ark, Sweden • Olivier Pagan, Zoo Basel, Switzerland

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Region 3 • Jenny Gray, Zoos Victoria, Australia

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Appointment of Committee Members According to the old bylaws

Standing Committees Membership Committee Chair: Lee Ehmke, Minnesota Zoological gar‑ dens, USA; second term ends 2013, Kevin Bell • Pat Simmons (Akron Zoological Park, USA, first term ends 2015) • Suzanne Gendron (Ocean Park Hong Kong, first term ends 2013, second term ends 2015) • Simon Tonge (Paignton Zoo, UK, first term ends 2014) • Demian Pellandini (Fundacion Temaiken, Argentina, first term ends 2015) • Judy Mann (uShaka Seaworld, South Africa, first term ends 2014) • Thomas Kauffels (Opel zoo, Germany, second term ends 2014)

Nominating Committee Chair: Mark Penning, term ends 2013, Jörg Junhold • Mary Healy (Sacramento Zoo, USA, 2013–2015) • Alex Rübel (Zoo Zürich, 2012–2014) • Karen Fifield (Wellington Zoo, 2013–2015) • Jeffrey Bonner (Saint Louis Zoo, USA, 2012–2014)

Ethics and Animal Welfare Committee Chair: Susan Hunt, Perth Zoo, Australia, first term ends 2014 • Jackie Ogden (Disney’s Animal Kingdom, USA) first term ends 2014 • Gila von Hegel (Zoo Karlsruhe, Germany) first term ends 2014

• Jenny Gray (Melbourne Zoo, Australia, first term ends 2013), second term ends 2015 • Stephen van der Spuy (PAAZAB, Pretoria, South Africa) first term ends 2014 • Kensho Nagai (JAZA, Japan) first term ends 2014 • David Field (ZSL, UK) second term ends 2015

Finance Committee Chair: Lena Lindén, NordensArk, Sweden, second term ends 2015 • David Field (ZSL, UK) first term ends 2014 • Clifford Nxomani (National Zoological Gardens, South Africa), first term ends 2015 • Jim Fleshman (Cameron Park Zoo, USA), second term ends 2015

Standing Committees and other committees (according to the revised bylaws, after Disney)

Membership and Professional Ethics Committee Chair: Kevin Bell, Lincoln Park Zoo, USA, first term ends 2015 • Pat Simmons (Akron Zoological Park, USA, first term ends 2015) • Suzanne Gendron (Ocean Park Hong Kong, first term ends 2013, second term ends 2015) • Simon Tonge (Paignton Zoo, UK, first term ends 2014) • Damian Pellandini (Fundacion Temaiken, first term ends 2015) • Judy Mann (uShaka Seaworld, South Africa, first term ends 2014) • Thomas Kauffels (Opel zoo, Germany, second term ends 2014)

Nominating Committee Chair: Jörg Junhold, Zoo Leipzig, Germany, term ends 2015 • Mary Healy (Sacramento Zoo, USA, 2013–2015) • Alex Rübel (Zoo Zürich, Switzerland, 2012–2014) • Karen Fifield (Wellington Zoo, New Zealand, 2013–2015) • Jeffrey Bonner (Saint Louis Zoo, USA, 2012–2014)

Animal Welfare Committee Chair: Susan Hunt, Perth Zoo, Australia, first term ends 2014 • Jackie Ogden (Disney’s Animal Kingdom, USA) first term ends 2014 • Gila von Hegel (Zoo Karlsruhe, Germany) first term ends 2014 • Jenny Gray (Melbourne Zoo, Australia), second term ends 2015 • Stephen van der Spuy (PAAZAB, Pretoria, South Africa) first term ends 2014 • Kensho Nagai (JAZA, Japan) first term ends 2014 • David Field (ZSL, UK) second term ends 2015

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Committee for Population Management Chair: Jenny Gray, Melbourne Zoo, Australia, first term ends 2015 • Candice Dorsey (AZA, Vice‑Chair) • Chris Hibbard (ZAA, Vice‑Chair) • Danny de Man (EAZA, Vice‑Chair) • Adrián Sestelo (ALPZA) • Kazutoshi Arai (JAZA) • Sally Walker (SAZARC) • Sumate Kamolnorranath (SEAZA) • Stephen van der Spuy (PAAZAB) • Yolanda Matamoros (AMACZOOA)

Other Committees Associations Committee

Chair: to be appointed, co‑chaired by Lee Ehmke

Conservation and Sustainability Committee

Chair: Rick Barongi

Aquarium Committee

Future Meetings

Membership Committee

WAZA Council already decided on locations till 2017, hence the following venues and dates were confirmed:

report annexed

• 2014 New Delhi, India (2–6 November 2014) • 2015 Al Ain, UAE (11–15 October 2015) • 2016 Africam Safari, Puebla, Mexico (9–13 October 2016) • 2017 Barcelona, Spain (15–19 October 2017)

The assembly takes note of the dates and venues.

Introduction to Bylaws Revision INF 68.1

annexed

WAZA rep in ISIS

The Chair and President introduces the proposed changes according to the explanatory notes. All changes were posted on the website since 8 July 2013, originally as DOC 68.26. The main reason for having started the revision process was the need to incorporate a paragraph on dissolution of the association in order to keep the granted tax exempt status. At the same time some other changes and clean up were proposed.

According to Article VI of the WAZA Bylaws, the Assembly ratifies the composition of standing committees and takes note of the changes and the composition of other committees. Proposer: Simon Tonge, seconded by Mark Pilgrim, unanimously accepted, no abstention.

INF 68.2

Chair: Mark Penning

Joao Batista da Cruz (Sao Paulo Zoo)

Membership Committee report is presented by the chair of the committee, Lee Ehmke, a detailed report is attached.

Finance Committee report annexed

WAZA Council decided about the venue for the Annual Conference in 2018 at the Council meeting on 13 October 2013 which was held at Disney and it is proposed that the annual conference will take place in Bangkok, Thailand at the invitation of ZPO (Zoological Park Organisation).

DOC 68.21

DOC 68.22

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The Finance Committee report is presented by Lena Lindén as chair of the Finance committee; details are covered in the attached report. It was highlighted that 2012 was again an extremely successful year, leading to a profit of 78,312.35 CHF. This helped to refill the reserves and made money available for the extraordinary expenses which were approved for the Decade on Biodiversity project as well as for the development of welfare and conservation strategies. The association is in a very healthy state due to good management. The current situation as of August 2013 was briefly described and a positive end of year situation is expected.

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2012 statements are approved, Manfred Niekisch acts as proposer, seconded by Udo Nagel, no abstention.

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The draft budget 2014 is introduced. No decision is taken during this session, approval and further discussion is postponed to the 2nd Administrative session. Session adjourns at 5 pm until Thursday, 17 October.

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Bylaws of the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA) 17 October 2013

ARTICLE I Name The organisation was originally founded in 1935 in Basel as the International Association of Directors of Zoological Gardens, and then was refounded after World War II in Rotterdam in 1946 as the International Union of Directors of Zoological Gardens and then in 1992 became the World Zoo Organisation. As of 2000, the organisation shall be known as the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA). Under the name of the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums, there exists an association within the meaning of art. 60 et seq. of the Swiss Civil Code. The Organisation’s headquarters are located in the State of Vaud, Switzerland.

ARTICLE II Objectives

members that have settled their yearly membership dues according to the provisions of Art. III, section 10 and 11 are eligible to vote. All WAZA members shall sign and be required to abide by WAZA’s Code of Ethics and Animal Welfare.

The objectives of WAZA shall be: • to promote cooperation between zoological gardens and aquariums with regard to the conservation, management and breeding of animals in captivity, and to encourage the highest standards of animal welfare and husbandry; • to promote and coordinate cooperation between national and regional associations and their constituents; • to assist in representing zoological gardens and aquariums in other international organizations or assemblies; • to promote environmental education, wildlife conservation and environmental research.

Section 2. Institution Members

ARTICLE III

Institution members shall be zoological gardens, aquariums or similar zoological institutions established and managed primarily for cultural, educational, scientific, and conservation purposes that are open to the public on a regular and predictable basis. An Institution member must also be either an accredited or full institutional member of its recognized regional or national association where such associations exist. Only the full time, paid chief executive, or other nominated senior executive of the institution or organization may serve as its official representative. Representatives of institution members may serve on Committees. Only the official representative of the Institution member may vote.

Membership

Criteria to be considered for Institution membership shall include:

Section 1. General Requirements Members of WAZA shall be zoological gardens, aquariums or similar organizations, national and regional associations, and individuals (either Life or Honorary members) willing to abide by the Bylaws and all other rules and regulations as defined in the various sections of this Arti‑ cle III. Failure to satisfy or adhere to the Bylaws, Code of Ethics and Animal Welfare and all other rules and regulations shall be sufficient cause for suspension or denial of membership. Only

• proper animal husbandry and veterinary care; • participation in coordinated species management programmes; • participation in conservation activities • participation in relevant scientific studies; • compliance with applicable national and international laws and conventions • the maintenance of record systems and cooperation with studbook and species support programmes; • environmental education and operational programmes;

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• support of national and international conservation programmes; • membership in a recognized regional and national association where such associations exist; • the ability to be officially represented at Annual Meetings.

Section 3. Association Members Association members shall be organizations, both national and regional, whose primary members are zoological gardens, aquariums or similar zoological institutions. The purpose of these organizations is to support the vision, mission, and interests of their members and to establish standards and levels of cooperation between them. Association members may officially be represented by either an elected officer, or by a full time, paid executive. Association members may serve on Committees and vote. Associations are required to provide documentation that includes information regarding their mission, bylaws, general operation, overall function and the ability to be officially represented at the Annual Conference.

Section 4. Affiliate Members Affiliate members shall be organizations that support the vision, mission and interests of WAZA. The official representative of an Affiliate member may attend the Annual Conference including Administrative sessions. Affiliate members may not be represented on Council or standing committees, but may be on other committees and working groups. They are not entitled to a vote and shall not be considered when determining a quorum.

Affiliates are required to provide information similar to Associations, however, representation at the Annual Conference is at the Affiliate’s discretion.

Section 5. Corporate Members Corporate Members shall be legal entities that provide supplies or services to zoological gardens or aquariums and who support the vision, mission and interests of WAZA. The official representative of a Corporate Member may attend the Annual Conference including Administrative sessions. Corporate Members may not be represented on Council or standing committees, but may serve on other committees and working groups. They are not entitled to a vote and shall not be considered when determining a quorum.

Section 6. Life Members Life members shall be those who have retired as full time, paid executives of an Institution or Association Member, and who have served in that capacity at one or more Members for a period of no less than ten (10) years. Life members shall be elected by WAZA Council. Life members may not serve on Council or a standing committee, but may serve on other committees and working groups. They may also attend the Annual Conference including Administrative sessions. They are not entitled to a vote and shall not be considered when determining a quorum.

of WAZA’s objectives. The Council may elect individuals to Honorary membership. Honorary members may not serve on Council or a standing committee, but may serve on other committees and working groups. They may also attend the Annual Conference, including Administrative sessions. They are not entitled to a vote and shall not be considered when determining a quorum.

Section 8. Membership Process An Institution, Association or Organisation desiring membership in WAZA must first be proposed as a candidate (in writing) to the Membership and Professional Ethics Committee by at least two voting members who are preferably from that country or region, but do not serve on the Membership and Professional Ethics Committee. The Executive Director shall request candidates to submit appropriate information and associated materials for consideration by the Committee as required. The Committee will review the documentation for compliance with the WAZA’s membership requirements. If approved by a simple majority of the Committee, the candidate will be recommended to the Council for approval.

Section 7. Honorary Members

If approved by a simple majority of the Council, information pertaining to the candidate members shall be published in either the WAZA publication or sent by e‑mail to all members. Upon publication, there shall be a 30-day comment period when any voting member may express an objection or concern to Council regarding the candidate’s qualifications. If no substantial objections or concerns are raised, the candidate shall become a member of WAZA.

Honorary members shall be those persons deemed worthy of such recognition as exemplified by their active and extraordinary support

Candidates failing Membership and Professional Ethics Committee or Council approval shall be so notified by the Executive Director. A denied

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candidate may not be proposed or reapply for membership for a period of one year. A denied candidate may, however, appeal in writing to WAZA’s President for reconsideration.

Section 9. Membership Dues and Services The Council shall establish annual membership fees and services for Institution, Association, Affiliate, Life, Honorary and Corporate members. Membership fees are assessed on an annual basis and are due on the 31st January.

Section 10. Suspension and Expulsion of Members Non‑compliance with the WAZA Code of Ethics and Animal Welfare or failure to pay annual membership fees may be cause for suspension and potential expulsion from WAZA. Upon the written recommendation of the WAZA’s Finance Committee Chair regarding dues, or a written concern submitted to the President by the Executive Director or by any Member regarding an ethics violation, the Membership and Professional Ethics Committee may for cause recommend suspension of membership to Council. An Institution Member will also lose its membership in WAZA if it fails to maintain either accredited status or a regular membership in its recognized regional or national association. Such action requires a two‑thirds (2/3) majority vote of the Council. Cause shall be failure to satisfy Article III, Sections 1 and 10 of these Bylaws.

In case of suspension the affected member may provide further information on the issues raised to the President within 30 days. The Council must decide to lift the suspension or to expel the member concerned prior to the next administrative session. The decision of the Council is final.

Section 12. Termination of Membership by the Member Any member may withdraw from WAZA by giving written notice. In order to avoid the obligation to pay the annual membership fees for the upcoming fiscal year, a member’s written notice of its resignation must be received by the WAZA Executive Office 90 days (i.e. latest October 1st) prior of that fiscal year. Membership must be terminated at that date or the member owes the annual membership fee. The WAZA Executive Office will acknowledge termination of membership in writing within 30 days of notice of termination. The annual membership fee is non‑refundable and any outstanding dues must be paid accordingly despite termination. A member who has voluntarily terminated his/her membership must go through the membership process anew.

ARTICLE IV The Council Section 1. Composition and Responsibilities The Council shall consist of the President, the President elect, who shall function as the Vice ‑President, the immediate past President and seven other members, one of which shall serve as chairperson of the Finance Committee, and another as Chairperson of the Membership and Professional Ethics Committee. The officers and council members shall represent geographic regions according to a composition as determined by Council. This composition shall be determined as follows:

Proceedings of the 68th Annual Conference October 2013 Orlando

Region I shall be North America, consisting of Canada and the USA. Region II shall be Europe and the Middle East. Region III shall consist of Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean, South America, Africa, Asia excluding the Middle East, and Oceania (Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea and the Pacific Islands). The Council shall be entrusted with the general direction and operation of the Association and may adopt such rules as necessary, within the limits of the Bylaws, to transact business. Each member of Council shall have a single vote. In the event of a tie in voting, the President shall cast the deciding vote. The Council shall be reflective of the Association’s demographics and no member of the Council shall receive compensation for his or her services. The As-

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sociation’s full time, paid Executive shall serve as an ex‑officio member of the Council without the right to vote. The President has the right to co‑opt a maximum of six members from regional associations which shall not have the right to vote.

Section 2. Officers The Council officers shall be the President and President elect.

Section 3. Terms of Office

Section 4. Nomination to Council A candidate for election to the Council must satisfy the official representative requirement of Article III, Sections 2 and 3 of these Bylaws for a period of at least five (5) years and be a voting member in good standing for at least three (3) years at time of election. Individuals already serving as officers or members may be considered for re‑election. Candidates for election to Council shall be proposed through whatever method deemed appropriate by the colleagues of the respective regional or national association. Individuals considered for nomination to Council must provide a letter of consent to have their names placed in nomination including a statement that if elected they are willing and able to carry out the duties of the office including attendance of Council meetings and that they can cover their own expenses to attend such meetings.

Terms for each elected member of the Council shall consist of two years respectively. These terms shall begin and end at the conclusion of the applicable Annual Conference, or until their successors are elected, whichever comes later. The President elect will progress to President by ratification of the membership. Other members of Council may be eligible for re‑election, but may not serve more than three full terms consecutively.

To be considered, the name of the proposed candidate must be submitted in writing to the Chairperson of the Nominating Committee by the last day of January of the designated election year.

In the event of a vacancy occurring in the position of President, the President elect will assume the vacated position. If the vacancy is that of the President elect, then the Council and the Nominating Committee shall determine a replacement from the remaining Council Members. The appointees will complete the current term and then serve their own term.

The number of candidates to be considered for election to Council shall consist of at least one more than the number of vacancies. If not enough candidates are nominated by WAZA Members as of the established deadline, the Nominating Committee shall have the authority to identify additional candidates from the respective region.

In the event of a vacancy with a Council member, following discussion with the region concerned, the Nominating Committee will submit the name of a suitably qualified candidate to Council for ratification. This individual will serve as a member of Council until the next respective election.

The Nominating Committee shall submit its recommendations in writing to the Council prior to its mid year meeting during a designated election year. Following approval by the Council, a mail ballot shall be distributed to the voting

members in accordance with Article VII, Section 2 of these Bylaws. Optionally, electronic voting via e‑mail ballots or other web‑based procedures may be offered.

Section 5. Selection of Officers Candidates for President‑elect are selected by the Nominating Committee in consultation with Council. The President‑elect is expected to progress to the office of President.

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ARTICLE V Executive Director The Council may employ an Executive Director who shall serve at its pleasure. Under the general supervision of the President and the Council, he/she shall be responsible for the day‑to‑day operation of the Organisation and the Executive Office, for providing material to and coordinating the work of committees and task forces, and for promoting and conducting the programs of the Organization within policy guidelines of the WAZA Council in accordance with the and Bylaws.

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The Executive Director shall have the authority to employ personnel for the Organization as provided for by the Council and to terminate the employment of such personnel. He/She shall have full authority, as well as the responsibility, to supervise the work of such personnel. He/ She shall attend all meetings of the Council, but shall not be entitled to vote. He/She may attend all meetings of the standing committees and special committees without the right to vote.

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ARTICLE VI Meetings Section 1. The Annual Conference

Observers may attend all sessions except the Administrative Session, participate in discussions, and will be subject to a predetermined conference fee. They are not entitled to a vote and shall not be considered when determining a quorum.

Section 2. Council and Other Meetings

WAZA shall hold an Annual Conference during each calendar year, which shall include an Administrative Session (the Annual meeting of the Association, to conduct formal and legally‑required business). The purpose of the Conference shall be to share zoological information, promote cooperation among members, accept the reports of committees and working groups, approve WAZA’s financial statements and budget, and to conduct other business as required. The Administrative Session shall be subject to normal parliamentary procedures and such other rules and regulations as established by the Bylaws. The Annual Conference will not normally be held in the same country more than once in every three years.

The Council shall hold at least two meetings a year – the mid year meeting and a meeting held in conjunction with the Annual Conference, and as many others as deemed necessary for the purpose of transacting Council business. The President may call additional meetings by other means of communication. Council meetings are normally closed meetings. The Council may occasionally request that additional WAZA related meetings convene for more specific purposes. These meetings shall also be subject to normal parliamentary procedures if applicable.

Delegates to the Annual Conference must satisfy all appropriate conference fees and be members in good standing with dues paid in full as a condition of participation in the daily events and other conference activities. The same financial responsibility shall be expected of non‑voting representatives attending the annual meeting and conference activities. Although the annual conference is primarily organized for WAZA members, the President may invite non WAZA members to attend the conference as observers.

A quorum for the annual Administrative Session shall consist of 25% of the voting members. Participants of the conference and proxies count toward the quorum. If quorum is not reached, the Council has the authority to conduct the business of the association. A majority of the Council or committee members shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of Council or committee business. Quorums are not required for the actions of working groups.

Section 3. Quorum

Section 4. Notice of Meetings All voting members shall be notified, at least sixty (60) days in advance of WAZA related meetings. This notice shall specify the date (s), location, purpose of the meeting and where applicable, who should attend. If the notice is for the Annual Conference, it shall also request the submission of proposed agenda items for consideration by the Council for the Administrative Session.

ARTICLE VII

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Standing, Other Committees and Working Groups Section 1. General Responsibilities The President on behalf of the Council, at its discretion, may form standing committees as well as other committees and task forces and advisory groups and shall appoint their members for the purpose of addressing specific issues and to satisfy the objectives of WAZA. Only standing committees shall be formally identified and defined in these Bylaws.

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These groups shall function in accordance with the Bylaws and be subject to normal parliamentary procedures if applicable. All members of standing committees shall be voting members of WAZA. The President shall serve as a member of all committees and working groups except the Nominating Committee, without the right to vote.

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Section 2. Membership and Professional Ethics Committee The Membership and Professional Ethics Committee is responsible for reviewing applications for membership or changes in membership status in accordance with Article III of these Bylaws. The Committee shall also assist in promoting membership growth in WAZA. The Committee is also responsible for reviewing complaints and concerns regarding members, and for making recommendations to Council for suspension or other sanctions for members found to be in violation of WAZA’s Bylaws and/or ethical principles. The Committee shall consist of a Chairperson, who is a member of Council and six other voting members of WAZA who shall be reflective of the WAZA’s demographics. The President shall, when necessary, appoint the Chairperson and other members to serve for a term of two (2) years respectively with the possibility of appointment for one additional term. All those serving on the Membership and Professional Ethics Committee shall be ratified during the annual Administrative Session.

Section 3. Nominating Committee The Nominating Committee is responsible for verifying that individuals proposed for consideration as elective members of Council are appropriately qualified in accordance with Article IV of these Bylaws. It is also the Committee’s responsibility to identify the appropriate number of qualified candidates required to satisfy the elective process for each region. In addition, the Nominating Committee shall determine which Council members are interested in being considered for the position of President Elect, and inform Council prior to the Council’s vote.

The Committee shall consist of five members, including the Immediate Past‑President, one current member of the Council (excluding the President), and three others who are appointed by the incoming President for a period of two years and are reflective of WAZA’s demographics. The Immediate Past‑President shall serve as Chairperson of the Committee. The three appointees may not succeed themselves or be considered for nomination. All those serving on the Nominating Committee shall be ratified during the annual Administrative Session.

Section 4. Animal Welfare Committee The Animal Welfare Committee is responsible for monitoring the Organization’s members and their compliance with the Code of Ethics and Animal Welfare in accordance with Article II and Article III, Section 9 of these Bylaws. On request of Council it may investigate alleged member violations of this Code. The Committee shall consist of a Chairperson, who is a member of Council and six other voting members of WAZA who shall be reflective of WAZA’s demographics. The President shall appoint the Chairperson and other members to serve for a term of two (2) years respectively with the possibility of appointment for one additional term. All those serving on the Animal Welfare Committee shall be ratified during the annual Administrative Session.

Section 5. Finance Committee The Finance Committee is responsible for advising the Council in matters pertaining to the WAZA’s financial health and welfare. This includes monitoring its operational revenues and expenses, accounts and investments, and addressing any issues of a financial nature as

may be assigned by Council. The Committee also has the responsibility to initiate an annual audit by selecting an appropriate entity qualified to conduct such activities and processes. The Committee shall consist of a Chairperson, being a Council member and three other voting members of WAZA who are knowledgeable and experienced in matters of budgeting and financial accountability. The Chairperson and also one member of the Committee shall be members of Council. The other two members shall be non Council members. The President shall, appoint the Chairperson and other members to serve for a term of two (2) years respectively with the possibility of appointment for one additional term. All those serving on the Finance Committee shall be ratified during the annual Administrative Session.

Proceedings of the 68th Annual Conference October 2013 Orlando

Section 6. Committee for Population Ma‑ nagement (CPM) CPM is established to advance relationships and collaborations in managing species in zoos and aquariums globally. CPM coordinates and administers the International Studbook (ISB) Programme and Global Species Management Plans (GSMPs) through resources located in the WAZA Executive Office. The Committee shall consist of a Chairperson, voting members, participating members and corresponding members. Voting members will be selected from national and regional association members of WAZA. The President shall, appoint the Chairperson to serve for a term of two (2) years with the possibility of appointment for one additional term.

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Section 7. Appointment to Committees

Section 2. Ratification of Officers and Election of Council Members

Only the President on behalf of the Council may appoint members to serve on standing committees. The President shall also have the authority to select chairpersons for standing and other committees. Members of non‑standing committees shall serve without term limits.

Ratification of officers and election of Council shall occur by mail ballot. Printed ballots containing the names of the proposed candidates and appropriate information relevant to each shall be distributed to the voting members of WAZA. Ballots must be returned to the WAZA’s Executive office by the specified date. Optionally, electronic voting via e‑mail ballots or other web‑based procedures may be offered. Candidates shall be elected according to the number of votes they receive from the voting membership; a simple majority is required. In the event of a tie, the respective candidates shall be subject to a second balloting process. The names of the President and President‑elect shall appear on the ballot for the purpose of ratification by the membership.

ARTICLE VIII Voting and Elections Section 1. Voting Members Voting members shall be those who officially represent Institutions or Associations pursuant to the rules of membership as defined in Article III, Sections 2, 3, 10 and 11. In the event of a tie, the President shall be called upon to cast an additional vote. If a ballot is returned partially unmarked or contains in that portion a non‑valid number of votes or has to be regarded invalid due to unclear marking, the unmarked or otherwise invalid portion shall be considered a non‑vote, and will be deducted from the total number of eligible votes for the respective portion that serve as the basis for a simple majority.

Section 3. Ratification of Standing Com‑ mittee Members Individuals to be considered for service on the Membership and Professional Ethics, Nominating, Animal Welfare and Finance Committees, shall have their names placed before the membership, by the President, for ratification during an Administrative Session. Approval by a simple majority of the voting members present, which shall include the use of proxies, is required for ratification. Voting shall consist of any means deemed appropriate by the President.

Section 4. Approval of Resolutions Proposed resolutions must be submitted in writing to the Council within forty‑eight (48) hours of an Administrative Session. Formal approval of a proposed resolution shall require both a simple majority vote of the Council and a simple majority of the voting members present, which shall include the use of proxies. Voting shall consist of any means deemed appropriate by the President. The Council shall adopt resolutions between Administrative Sessions only when necessary., A resolution may be adopted by a two‑thirds (2/3) majority of the Council. The voting members must ratify such resolutions during the next Administrative Session.

Proceedings of the 68th Annual Conference October 2013 Orlando

Section 5. Motions During an Administrative Session, the President may request that a voting member of the delegation move an agenda or other item, for approval. This shall be accomplished through a motion and a second to accept or approve, followed by a simple majority vote for approval, which shall include the use of proxies. Voting shall consist of any means deemed appropriate by the President.

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Section 6. Amendment of the Bylaws

Section 8. Proxies

WAZA’s Bylaws may from time to time be amended. Proposed amendments or revisions to WAZA’s Bylaws may be initiated by the Council or recommended by a petition of no less than ten percent (10%) of the voting members. Amendments submitted by petition do not require the approval of the Council, but must be submitted at least ninety (90) days prior to the next Annual Conference. Proposed amendments shall be placed on the agenda for discussion during the Administrative Session. The Council shall distribute ballots to all voting members of WAZA, which must be returned to WAZA’s Executive office by the specified date. Approval of the proposed amendment requires a two‑thirds (2/3) majority of the votes received.

Proxies may be utilized for the purpose of voting during the Administrative Session. Each voting member is entitled to appoint another voting member as a proxy by written notice to the Executive Office no later than 24 hours before the time of the Administrative Session of the Annual Conference. A proxy shall be assigned to a voting member in the form of a recognized proxy statement. Voting members holding proxies shall identify themselves prior to voting activities. Proxies shall be considered when determining a quorum.

Section 7. Special Elections The Council at its discretion may initiate special elections for the purpose of electing members to Council or amending the Bylaws. These elections shall be conducted in accordance with Article VII, Sections 1, 3, and 7 of these Bylaws.

ARTICLE IX Parliamentary Authority

Section 1. Parliamentary Procedure The Council shall be the final authority in interpretations of the Bylaws and other rules and regulations of WAZA.

ARTICLE X Governing Law, Language, Dissolution Section 1. Governing Law The Council relationship among the members and the acts of the various bodies of WAZA shall be governed by these statutes, which shall in all respect be regarded as made under and governed by the laws of Switzerland.

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Section 2. Language The English text of these statutes shall prevail over all others.

Section 3. Dissolution In case of liquidation, the remaining assets of WAZA shall be transferred to a Suisse based institution, which is tax exempt based on its nature of working in the interest of the public or for the public use by the confederation, a canton, a municipality or one of its institutions. Only such assets as are owned by WAZA may be used to satisfy claims of creditors of the WAZA and assets of the members are specifically excluded.

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Adopted and put into force by the Annual Conference at its 68th Administrative Session, Lake Buena Vista, USA, 17th October, 2013. The President (Dr. Jörg Junhold)

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BYLAWS Revision 2013

The newly established “Membership and Professional Ethics Committee” may for cause recommend the suspension of a member and Council will have to decide.

Explanatory Notes

ARTICLE IV

WAZA has received tax exempt status in 2012 under the provision that a clause is included stating that in case of liquidation the assets will go to another Swiss based similar organisation. In order to finally get this tax exempt status a revision of the bylaws is required and hence the work on revising the existing bylaws started within WAZA Council. This was also the opportunity to think about changes in the standing committee structure and correcting smaller inconsistencies. In order to improve the existing bylaws in terms of clarity, consistency and procedural unambiguousness as well as in order to add some missing organisational information, the following major changes are proposed:

ARTICLE I

The immediate past president is now a voting member of Council, so that Council consists of 10 members in total. While the regions of the world for the Council composition remain unchanged, the President has the opportunity to invite regional representatives as co‑opted members to Council.

ARTICLE V The establishment of the post of Executive Director as well as the executive office is now mentioned and clarified.

ARTICLE VIII

ARTICLE VI

The voting procedure together with the use of proxies is clarified. Proxies count for the determination of the quorum‑ which might have been a printing error in the existing bylaws.

The frequency of the Council meetings is defined as well as the quorum for the annual conference’s administrative session. It is now made sure that in case the quorum is not reached, the association can conduct business under the guidance of WAZA Council.

Focus on legally necessary information only.

ARTICLE III The importance of the Code of Ethics and Animal Welfare is clarified and underlined, as well as the compliance with national and international law.

• Membership and Professional Ethics Committee: in addition to reviewing membership applications, the committee shall deal with ethical behaviour of members and advise the Council on suspensions • Nominating Committee: the role of proposing members of Council remains unchanged. • Animal Welfare committee: this committee shall focus on animal welfare issues only, whereas professional ethical behaviour is dealt with by another committee. • Finance Committee: remains unchanged • Committee for Population Management: reflecting the importance of managing zoo/ aquarium based animal populations in a sustainable way through global cooperation this new committee shall become a standing committee.

ARTICLE VII In order to have the most important issues covered by standing committees, the following committees shall be established:

ARTICLE X WAZA has been granted tax exempt status in Switzerland, provided the paragraph under section 3 – dissolution is put in the bylaws, as requested by the tax authority: “In case of liquidation, the remaining assets of WAZA shall be transferred to a Suisse based institution, which is tax exempt based on its nature of working in the interest of the public or for the public use by the confederation, a canton, a municipality or one of its institutions.”

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Membership Committee Report as of 31 August 2013 Lee Ehmke, Minnesota Zoological Garden

This updates developments since the Mel‑ bourne Meeting 2012

Membership Committee Composition • Chair: Lee Ehmke (Minnesota Zoological Garden, USA, second term ends 2013) • Kevin Bell (Lincoln Park Zoo, USA first term ends 2013) • Suzanne Gendron (Ocean Park, Hong Kong, first term ends 2013) • Simon Tonge (Paignton zoo, UK, first term ends 2014) • Kazutoshi Arai (JAZA, Japan, first term ends 2013) • Judy Mann (uShaka Seaworld, South Africa, first term ends 2014) Thomas Kauffels (Opelzoo, Germany, second term ends 2014)

Membership Development

Membership Terminated 2013 Institutions

New Members

• Binder Park Zoo (USA) • South Carolina Aquarium (USA)

As of mid December 2012 • Pairi Daiza • Honolulu Zoo

Corporates

• Sperlative Group according to a phone conversation with Kyle Canter on 15 August.

As of mid March 2013 • Zoo de Servion (Switzerland) • Mysore Zoo (India) • Kristiansand Dyrepark (Norway)

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Affiliates

• None

Membership Application on Hold

As of mid June 2013 • Aquário de São Paulo (BR) • Flamingoland (UK) • Tulsa Zoo (US)

• Source Group (Czech Republic) – objection received

As of end August 2013 • Buin Zoo (Chile) • African Safari Wildlife Park (USA) • Clax Italia (Italy as corporate member) • PGAV Destinations (USA as corporate member)

Current Members See Table 1.

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Table 1 Institutions Associations Affiliates Corporate Total

1.5.11 253 24 16 12 305

1.8.11 30.10.11 255 258 24 24 16 16 13 15 308 313

1.1.12 262 24 15 14 315

31.3.12 31.7.12 263 262 24 24 16 15 14 14 317 315

30.9.12 31.10.12 31.12.12 1.4. 2013 269 267 270 271 24 24 24 24 16 15 15 15 16 16 16 16 326 323 325 326

31.8.13 278 24 15 17 334

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Pending Applications • Kish Island Delphinarium (sponsors Nürnberg and Loro Parque) withdrew their sponsorship • Cheetah Outreach, SA • Shedd Aquarium (USA) • Monterey Bay Aquarium (USA)

Documents incomplete/missing • Crossley Architects; Australia • The Pittsburgh Zoo & PPG Aquarium, Dr. Barbara Baker, CEO‑ & President, Missing Memorandum & Datasheet • Jardin Zoologique de Rabat • Touroparc Zoo, France • Zoo Amiens, France • Zoopark Izhevsk (Republic of Udmurtia) via contact Hagenbeck • Zoomarine Portugal (Elio Vicente) • National Aquarium, Baltimore, USA (David Pittenger), followed up with John C. Racanelli • Fota Wildlife Park, Ireland (Sean McKeown) • Aquarium of the Pacific in Long Beach, California (Jerry Schubel to contact WAZA) • Seattle Aquarium (Bob Davidson) • Knowsley Safari Park

Code of Ethics missing • None

Associations Interested • The Arabian Zoo and Aquarium Association

Interest in Membership / Membership Drive • Oakland (Kevin Bell contact) • Boise (Kevin Bell contact) • AMMPA: Clint Wright (Vancouver Aqu)- interested in closer cooperation (MoU concluded, 7 Nov 2011) • Parc Safari Hemmingford (MCG 2 Aug 11) • Nanning Zoo (MCG 5 Aug 11) • RayHole Architects (MCG 8 May 12) • Zoológicos y Vida Silvestre (GDI 25 Apr 12) • Zoo Boissiere Zoo de Guadeloupe Ville Maubeuge (April 13)

Personalia Directors of institutions left/new • Granby Zoo (Canada): Paul Gosselin is replacing Ms. Joanne Lalumière as Executive Director, starting 5th August, 2013 • Denver Zoo (USA): Mr. Craig Piper left Denver Zoo effective June 1, 2013. He joined Denver Zoo in 1997 and assumed the role of President/CEO in 2007, No successor has been named yet • Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust (UK): Mr. Oliver Johnson replaced Mr. Paul Masterton as Director • Honolulu Zoo (USA): Dr Jeffrey Mahon is new director • Wuppertal Zoo (Germany): Arne Lawrenz replaced Ulrich Schürer as of 1 March 2013 • Columbus Zoo and Aquarium (USA): Tom Stalf has been named President & CEO • Parken Zoo (Sweden): Mr. Torbjörn Bergvall is new director since mid January 2013 • Johannesburg Zoological Gardens: new CEO is Mr Tshepang Makganye since mid April 2013 • Moscow Zoo (Russia): Sergey Popov and Natalia Kolobova replaced Vladimir Spitsin as director and CEO respectively • Buenos Aires Zoo (Argentina): Juan Pablo Guaita is new General Director • Istanbul Akvaryum (Turkey): Gerhard Beukes, Curator of Fish and İnvertebrates left in 2012. New contact person is Mrs. Dilek Çapanoglu, General Coordinator

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Directors/Presidents of Associations/Affiliates left • CAZA (Canada): same acronym but new name: Canada’s Accredited Zoos and Aquariums, and new director: Mr. Massimo Bergamini, replacing Bill Peters • ZAA (Zoo and Aquarium Association Australasia): Chris Hibbard replaced Martin Phillips as executive director as of April 2013 • BIAZA (UK): Kirsten Pullen replaced Miranda Stevenson as CEO as of March 2013 • International Congress of Zookeepers (ICZ): Pep Xarles Ribas left by mid April 2013, new president is Rolf Veenhuizen

Deaths • Dr. Theodore Reed, Life member

Vacant Directors Positions • Denver Zoo

New Life Members (as of April 2013) • Steve Taylor of Cleveland Metroparks Zoo retires by 31 Dec 2012 (was 40 years in the zoo business) • Ulrich Schürer of Wuppertal Zoo retires by 31 Dec 2012 (started at zoo in 1973) • Per Kettil of Borås Djurpark resigned on 1/9/11 (was 21 years zoo director) • Miranda Stevenson retired in March 2013

New Life Members nomination (tbd at Orlando) • Joanne Lalumière, retiring as Executive director of Granby Zoo

Honorary Membership • Awarded Honorary Membership to Ryszard Topola (director for 33 years at Lodz Zoo) for his ongoing support of WAZA and the international zoo community

Hot Topics Missing Code of Ethics by Current Members • None

Membership dues 2013 outstanding • The Living Desert (USA) • Greifvogelzoo Bayerischer Jagdfalkenhof (Germany) • Zoologická zahrada Ústí nad Labem (Czech Republic) • Parco Faunistico La Torbiera (Italy) • fiNetra (UK) • Format International (UK)

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Gland, 31 August 2013

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Finance Committee Report Lena LindĂŠn Proceedings of the 68th Annual Conference October 2013 Orlando

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...

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... Balance 2012 as per 31st December 2012: 1 CHF= 0.82799 € = 1.09418 $ US

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... Receipts 2012/2011 In Swiss Francs as per 31st December 2012: 1 CHF= 0.82799 € = 1.09418 $ US

In Swiss Francs as per 31st December 2012: 1 CHF= 0.82799 € = 1.09418 $ US

Receipts 2012

Receipts 2011

Membership fees 2012 Sponsoring Sales & Services Extraordinary Proceeds WAZA Credit interest MAVA Credit interest Total

835,103.59 535.37 4,116.03 0.00 18,885.75 6.20 858,646.94

Membership fees 2011 Sponsoring Sales & Services Extraordinary Proceeds WAZA Credit interest MAVA Credit interest Total

773,664.93 44,786.4 6,040.99 70,183.30 5,260.20 0.00 899,935.914

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2012

2011

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... Expenses 2012/2011 In Swiss Francs as per 31st December 2012: 1 CHF= 0.82799 € = 1.09418 $ US

In Swiss Francs as per 31st December 2012: 1 CHF= 0.82799 € = 1.09418 $ US

Expenses 2012

Expenses 2011

Salaries, Consultants Meetings Travel Projects & Grants Extraordinary Expenses Expendable Goods & Maintenance, Sundry Office Rent Marketing WAZA Bank charges, Taxes MAVA Bank charges, Taxes Total

569,682.30 9,041.39 41,095.05 63,968.05 0.00 28,011.31 31,423.20 33,888.16 3,205.13 20.00 780,334.59

Salaries, Consultants Meetings Travel Projects & Grants Extraordinary Expenses Expendable Goods & Maintenance, Sundry Office Rent Marketing WAZA Bank charges, Taxes MAVA Bank charges, Taxes Total

573,587.53 3,995.31 27,160.90 74,529.90 68,368.33 24,141.72 31,423.20 46,386.49 3,841.59 0.00 853,434.97

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2012

2011

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... Financial Situation as of 31st August 2013 In Swiss Francs (1 CHF = 0.81204 € = 1.07432 US$ as of 31st August 2013)

Income/Expenses Membership fees 2013 Sponsoring Sales & Services WAZA Credit interest Extraordinary revenues Prague Total income

Actual 2013 866,219.96 36,751.34 1,655.88 942.65 11,188.36 916,758.19

Budget 2013 862,147.08 5,000.00 2,000.00 1,000.00 0.00 870,147.08

Compared to budget 4,072.88 31,751.34 -344.12 -57.35 11,188.36 46,611.11

WAZA Salaries, Consultants Meetings Travel Project & Grants Expendable Goods Maintenance Office Rent Marketing WAZA Sundry WAZA Bank charges, taxes Extraordinary expenses Prague Total Expenses Total Income Profit and Loss

-381,903.42 -6,784.34 -33,138.90 -38,784.24 -8,876.10 -20,948.80 -21,716.17 -42.50 -2,901.35 -11,188.36 -526,284.18 916,758.19 390,474.01

-565,000.00 -12,000.00 -45,000.00 -103,000.00 -34,500.00 -36,000.00 -59,700.00 -10,000.00 -4,500.00 0.00 -869,700.00 870,147.08 447.08

183,096.58 5,215.66 11,861.10 64,215.76 25,623.90 15,051.20 37,983.83 9,957.50 1,598.65 -11,188.36 436,638.04 46,611.11 390,026.93

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Extraordinary budget 2013 MAVA Project MAVA Foundation MAVA Credit interest Total Income MAVA MAVA all expenses, charges, taxes Strategic developments, expenses TOTAL extraordinary budget expenses Profit and Loss Extraordinary Budget

Proceedings of the 68th Annual Conference October 2013 Orlando

Actual 2013 497,288.00 96.00 497,384.00 -204,229.94 -20,685.08 -224,915.02 272,468.98

Budget 2013 471,907.00 0.00 471,907.00 -571,907.00 -125,000.00 -696,907.00 -225,000.00

Compared to budget 25,381.00 96.00 25,477.00 367,677.06 104,314.92 471,991.98 497,468.98

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... WAZA Total result, as per 31st August 2013 In Swiss Francs (1 CHF = 0.81204 € = 1.07432 US$ as of 31st August 2013) Actual 2013

Budget 2013

Compared to budget

916,758.19 497,384.00 1,414,142.19 -526,284.18 -224,915.02 -751,199.20 662,942.99

870,147.08 471,907.00 1,342,054.08 -869,700.00 -696,907.00 -1,566,607.00 -224,552.92

46,611.11 25,477.00 72,088.11 436,638.04 471,991.98 908,630.02 980,718.13

Income/Expenses Income Income Extraordinary Budget TOTAL Income Expenses Expenses Extraordinary Budget Total Expenses Total Profit/Loss

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Assets UBS Account WAZA UBS Account MAVA Post Account WAZA Securities / Times Deposit Investment (Bonds) Accounts receivable Rental surety savings WAZA Whithholding Tax (35%) MAVA Whithholding Tax (35%) Total Assets

587,152.65 397,625.86 13,932.71 562,909.00 21,906.00 10,573.25 80.40 35.75 1,594,215.62

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2 Administrative Session nd

Lake Buena Vista, Orlando 17 October 2013 Start at 4.30 pm – End at 5.30 pm Chair: Jörg Junhold | Rapporteur: Gerald Dick

2nd Administrative Session Chair: Jörg Junhold | Rapporteur: Gerald Dick

WAZA Grant 2013 WAZA received 11 applications for the WAZA Training Grant 2013. Three external referees ranked the 11 applications from 1 to 11, where 11 indicates the proposal with the highest funding priority. There was generally a high degree of internal consistency in ranking among the three referees. Based on the scores allocated to the 11 applications by the three referees the following three projects were awarded the WAZA grant 2013: 1. “1st conference of Latin American zookeepers”

with € 9,012; (ALPZA) 2. “Building life science skills and capacity at

Port Moresby Nature Park, Papua New Guinea” with € 4,193; (Zoos Victoria) 3. “A story of two zoos bridging political conflict” with € 6,000. (Jerusalem Biblical Zoo) This sums up to 19,205 € (23,700 CHF).

Adoption of Resolution RES 68.1 annexed as

DOC 68.25

The resolution on Animal Records Management Guidelines calls on WAZA members to support ISIS and to make use of ZIMS as an essential part of their institution’s animal management and conservation activities. The resolution is introduced by Jenny Gray. Vote: no comments, proposer: Mark Pilgrim, seconder Manfred Niekisch, unanimously adopted.

Adoption of Resolution RES 68.2rev annexed as

DOC 68.25

WAZA is in Support of Sustainable Palm Oil Production and calls on members to support a move toward a sustainable palm oil industry and to raise the issue of unsustainable palm oil with their visitors in order to maximise consumer influence. The resolution is introduced by Jenny Gray. The original paragraph starting with “Further acknowledges…” is to b e deleted following a short discussion. The revised text is put to the vote. Proposer: Mikllos Persanyi, seconded by Kris Vehrs; unanimously approved.

Bylaws Revision Following up on the introduction during the first administrative session the chair is repeating the procedure. Revised bylaws were sent to all members on 8 July 2013. No further comments were received. Revised bylaws, explanatory notes and current bylaws are also posted on the member area of the WAZA website since then. The major changes were introduced during the 1st Administrative session, additionally the immediate past president was added to the Council members as voting member.

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No further discussion is requested and the change of bylaws is put to the vote. The change. is unanimously approved, proposer: Manfred Niekisch, seconder: Udo Nagel, no abstention. According to the old bylaws, mail ballots will be sent to all voting members after the conference.

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Adoption of Budget 2014 annexed as

DOC 68.27

The proposed budget for 2014, with a view to have 3% membership fee increase is summarised again by the chair of the Finance Committee, Lena Lindén, together with an additional extraordinary budget for strategic developments, in continuation of the approved extraordinary budget 2013. This consists of the already approved 100,000.- CHF for the Decade on Biodiversity project as well as the carry over from 2013 for strategic developments (Animal Welfare and Conservation strategies) and the support of CPM with a total of 65,000.- CHF. Radoslav Ratajszczak proposed and seconded by Mary Healy. The vote is taken by show of hands: No objection, no abstention, unanimously accepted

Heini Hediger Award 2013 citation annexed as

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Jörg Junhold announces that the winner of the Heini Hediger award of the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums 2013 is Miranda Stevenson of BIAZA, the formal ceremony and award hand over would take place at the gala dinner on 17 October evening.

Invitation to New Delhi 2014 by the Member Secretary of the Central Zoo Authority, India, Mr. Bishan Bonal.

The new President, Lee Ehmke, summarised his expectations for the coming period of his presidency. Presidential Note attached as

A promotional video is shown and all WAZA members are invited to New Delhi in 2014, the theme will be “Biodiversity is Us.” The programme committee chair is then finally handed over from Jackie Ogden to Bishan Bonal together with the conference flag.

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Concluding Remarks / Close of Meeting at 17.30. Proceedings of the 68th Annual Conference October 2013 Orlando

Thanks to the Host / Hand‑over of Presidency: Jörg Junhold thanks Jackie Ogden, CEO of Disney’s Animal Kingdom for organizing the conference. Thanks are expressed to the entire staff of Disney, especially to Mark Penning, Kathy Lehnhardt, Chelle Plasse, Jamie Sincage, Stephanie Arnett, Tom Phillips, Lynn Mc Duffie, Fran Miglore, Heather Eberhart, and the entire convention services team, all of the technicians that have kept the technology working, and all the chefs that fed us.

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Resolution RES 68.1 – Animal Records Management: Endorsement of ZIMS Background Complete and accurate animal records are essential for zoos and aquariums and for animal population managers. Without such records, zoos cannot make informed recommendations, veterinarians cannot effectively provide treatments, and animal husbandry cannot be managed in the best possible way. Animal records are an essential basis for husbandry and management decisions. As an increasing number of species are managed regionally and globally, accurate animal records are critical in the decision–making process to enhance population management and conservation initiatives.

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The 68th WAZA Annual Conference NOTES that animal record requirements have changed as zoos generally acquire animals through ex situ breeding programs, trade or exchange (loans and gifts) and to support conservation breeding programs. Institutions must have the animal knowledge and skilled staff to maintain a high standard of husbandry and welfare. UNDERSTANDS regulations on the collection, trade, and transport of wild animals are strictly enforced at both national and international levels through legislation (such as CITES, IATA and OIE) and controlled by government agencies. ACKNOWLEDGES that to effectively manage, breed and transfer animals, accurate and comprehensive animal records are necessary with appropriate details of health, diet, reproductive and genetic status, and behavioural characteristics. These records allow institutions to make appropriate decisions regarding the future husbandry of animals. FURTHER ACKNOWLEDGES that with regional and global cooperative management of numerous species, significantly more information is required since a change in an animal record in one institution may highly impact and inform another institution’s management of the specimen and the species. APPLAUDES the non‑profit International Species Information System (ISIS) for the establishment of the Zoological Information Management System (ZIMS) as the global leader in animal records management for the zoo and aquaria community.

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RECOGNIZES that since 1974 ISIS has lead the development of animal records accuracy standards, records management best practices, and the creation of technical solutions to support the evolving records management needs of a global membership base of 800 zoos and aquariums.

FURTHER RECOGNIZES that the ZIMS online solution provides members with comprehensive population, species, groups and specimen information through an ability to access an animal or group’s history in a single electronic record.

FURTHER RECOGNIZES that effectively maintaining the quality of the data is critical and best practices indicate assignment of data quality responsibility is essential. Although many people may be responsible for data entry, one person should be responsible for reviewing the overall quality of the data.

RECOMMENDS that WAZA members support ISIS’ continuing efforts by becoming ISIS members, and consistently use the ZIMS solution as an essential part of their institution’s animal management and conservation activities.

FURTHER RECOMMENDS that Directors and Chief Executives take an active interest in the quality and comprehensiveness of the animal data that is loaded into the ISIS database and check the institution statistics for correctness and accuracy. The ZIMS solution allows Directors easy access and use of the information. It is further recommended that Directors secure an appropriate level of training to make the most productive use of the information available through ZIMS.

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Resolution RES 68.2.rev – WAZA in Support of Sustainable Palm Oil Production Background Palm oil is an ingredient found in a large proportion of food and grocery products, such as snack foods, baked goods, soap products and cosmetics. Its production continues to grow rapidly and is expanding from South East Asia to many other developing nations throughout Africa and South America. The rapid rise in palm oil production and consumption has resulted in huge expanses of forest being cleared, at the cost of people, wildlife and the environment. Many endangered species are facing extinction as a result, including the Sumatran Tiger, both species of orang‑utan, Bornean Pygmy Elephant and Sumatran Rhinoceros. As palm oil is globally available, zoos worldwide can play a critical role in highlighting the impact of such a commodity on wildlife amongst their visitors; and lead the way in facilitating a shift to a more sustainable global palm oil market.

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The 68th WAZA Annual Conference UNDERSTANDS that deforestation resulting from palm oil is contributing to high levels of greenhouse gases (GHG) being emitted into the atmosphere, and large scale habitat loss for a range of endangered species. ACKNOWLEDGES that to avoid the extinction of key threatened species in areas such as South East Asia, the link between palm oil production and deforestation must be broken. UNDERSTANDS that two certification schemes for palm oil currently dominate worldwide: the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) and The International Sustainability and Carbon Certification Scheme (ISCC). • The ISCC is the predominant scheme for palm oil used as feedstock for biofuels and includes a carbon accounting mechanism. • The RSPO is the main standard for the use of palm oil and uses a multi‑stakeholder, business‑to‑business model to encourage the adoption of sustainable practices by its members. It is currently the most well‑known and represented organisation involved in certifying palm oil as ‘sustainable’, based on Principles and Criteria that palm oil growers and manufacturers must adhere to. • RSPO Certified Sustainable Palm Oil has an associated trademark available for on‑product use. ACKNOWLEDGES that the whilst some of the current Principles and Criteria for the production of RSPO Certified Sustainable Palm Oil (CSPO) could be further strengthened, they have improved with each annual review and give progressive parts of the industry the right tools to demonstrate they are acting sustainably.

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RECOGNIZES that the RSPO/CSPO trademark provides a recognisable label, enabling consumers to select products from companies to demonstrate their support for more sustainable practices and maximise consumer influence on the industry. Achieving clear labelling of palm oil on all food and grocery products provides transparency and choice for the consumer, and positively positions those companies already using CSPO and making this clear on their packaging. FURTHER RECOGNIZES that zoos can play a role in addressing the threat of palm oil worldwide, through educating and informing visitors, stakeholders and networks about the issue and providing advice for how to procure more sustainable supplies of palm oil (or sustainably produced alternatives). 6.

ACKNOWLEDGES that unsustainable production of palm oil is linked to massive deforestation and species loss and that this link must be broken.

RECOGNIZES the importance of supporting the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil to drive a sustainable palm oil industry, and particularly supporting the production of Certified Sustainable Palm Oil and its associated processes (including the annual review of the Principles and Criteria).

RECOMMENDS that WAZA members support a move toward a sustainable palm oil industry by supporting the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil and assessing their own oil and product procurement policies, with a view to moving supplies to either 100% Certified Sustainable Palm Oil or a suitable sustainable alternative.

FURTHER RECOMMENDS that, where practicable, WAZA members campaign for and support legislative change in their respective regions to ensure that palm oil and all other vegetable oils are clearly labelled on products, thereby allowing consumer choice and providing a market advantage to those companies using CSPO.

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10. FURTHER RECOMMENDS that, where practicable, zoos raise the issue of unsustainable palm oil with their visitors in order to maximise consumer

influenceâ&#x20AC;&#x2030;â&#x20AC;&#x201C; including but not limited to education and information, consumer advice and facilitating consumer voice and choice.

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WAZA Budget 2014 In Swiss Francs (1 CHF = 0.80947 € = 1.09475 US$ as of 17th October 2013) Budget 2014

Budget 2013

Result 2012

902 877,00 36 000,00 1 000,00 1 000,00 940 877,00

862 147,08 5 000,00 2 000,00 (<0.5%) 1 000,00 870 147,08

835 103,59 535,37 4 116,03 18 891,95 858 646,94

-577 000,00 -50 000,00 -128 000,00 -18 000,00 -36 000,00 -48 000,00 -68 200,00 -2 500,00 -2 000,00 -10 000,00 -939 700,00 1 177,00

-565 000,00 -45 000,00 -103 000,00 -12 000,00 -36 000,00 -34 500,00 -59 700,00 -2 500,00 -2 000,00 -10 000,00 -869 700,00 447,08

-569 682,30 -41 095,05 -63 968,05 -9 041,39 -31 423,20 -28 011,31 -33 888,16 -3 225,13

271 930,00 -374 219,00 -65 000,00 -167 289,00

471 907,00 -571 907,00 -125 000,00 -225 000,00

Income Membership fees (3% increase) Sponsoring Sales & Services Credit interest TOTAL Income

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Expenses Salaries & Consultants Travel Projects, grants Meetings Equipment & Premises Expendable goods & maintenance Marketing Bank charges Taxes Sundry TOTAL Expenses SALDO/BALANCE

Extraordinary Budget Income MAVA Expenses MAVA project Strategic developments (carry over of 2013) SALDO/BALANCE

-780 334,59 78 312,35

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The Heini Hediger Award 2013: Miranda Stevenson presented by Lee Ehmke, incoming WAZA President

Dear Colleagues, Distinguished Guests, Ladies and Gentlemen, Tonight, it is a great pleasure for me to honor a distinguished member of our community by presenting the Heini Hediger Award. As you all know, this award is given in recognition of outstanding service to the zoo and aquarium community. This year’s awardee is someone who has influenced our community for decades by demonstrating best practice, leading by example and providing inspiration. Ladies and gentlemen, it’s almost impossible to summarize the career of Miranda Stevenson, as her body of work is so extensive, and has benefited us so much. She has been – and remains – a driving force in the advancement of the zoo profession.

Even as a child Miranda was interested in animal behaviour, as she grew up going to the Dublin Zoo to enjoy elephant rides. By the time she received a degree in genetics at Trinity college, she already was bonded to the zoo world, inspired by Heini Hediger and other founders of modern zoo philosophy. In 1969 she started as a keeper at the Chester Zoo, at the time one of the rare women in this field. Her special interest in primates developed further and led to a PhD at the University of Wales. Her studies included behavioural research on marmosets, some which were even filmed for David Attenborough‘s series Life on Earth. Awarded a Winston Churchill Traveling Fellowship, Miranda was able to study these primates in Brazil, which was a glorious experience for her. Also memorable during this time was meeting Chris, who would become her husband. In December 1978 she moved to Edinburgh Zoo as a Curator Here she began to employ techniques to dramatically improve the care and welfare of zoo animals. And – importantly – she inspired and encouraged her staff to share this knowledge, and Edinburgh Zoo became a beacon of best practices. Miranda participated as a tutor in the first keepers‘ training course, organised through the Federation of Zoos in Britain and Ireland. Miranda was also deeply involved in the early development of the cooperative breeding programmes in Europe: the Edinburgh Zoo hosted the EEP meeting in 1992, where the EAZA Primate TAG was founded. Miranda was the first chair of this important body. During her 19 years in Edinburgh, Miranda rose to the position of Deputy Director of the Zoo.Following this, she led the Marwell Zoo as Director

for two years; and this year she became a Trustee of Marwell, so once again she will be involved in the development of this important zoo. One of the highlights of Miranda’s engagment with WAZA and CBSG was her role, working with Jo Gipps and the rest of the team, in the creation of the current World Zoo and Aquarium Conservation Strategy, published in 2004. Here she was able to deploy her extensive experience to assist in developing the zoo community’s strategic direction.

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Following this, Miranda became Director of the Federation of Zoological Gardens of Great Britain and Ireland. With the help of three chairs – Ken Sims, Simon Tonge and David Field – Miranda developed the association into today’s BIAZA. This was a fertile period, with greatly increased membership and dramatically improved services supporting the association’s members. But Miranda was never content to simply serve BIAZA: she has also mentored the Romanian Zoo and Aquarium Federation on how to implement the EU Zoo directive and to establish a zoo inspection system. And in her spare time she also worked with Sally Walker to help establish the Zoo Outreach Organization in South Asia. Miranda has consistently exemplified the best of what the zoo community has to offer – to stand together and to learn from each other so that the global community has the potential to thrive. Earlier this year Miranda retired as Director of BIAZA, but will certainly continue to be available to offer advice and counsel. She is still an official zoo inspector and has taken on management of the cotton‑top tamarin studbook for EAZA, under the auspices of Bristol Zoo. Happily, it’s clear we will continue to enjoy the company and wisdom of Miranda at our professional meetings and at our zoos well into the future.

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While I have only had the pleasure of meeting Miranda at the occasional WAZA meeting, my very good friends Lesley Dickie and David Field have regaled me with tales about her amazing career. I mentioned earlier her efforts to put together the first European Primate TAG, and her general expertise in primates. Well, among her most successful primate pairings are the lovely Lesley and dashing David, who as they say „were „set up“ by Miranda when they worked for her in Edinburgh. They both describe Miranda as a „Zoo Goddess,“ and David recalls that as his boss, even when she was giving him a verbal warning, he felt honored! To conclude my remarks and sum up: Miranda has made it her personal mission to improve zoos and to elevate the contribution of zoos to science and conservation. She is one of the amazing and dynamic architects of modern zoo philosophy and practice. She has inspired many people and acheived remarkable advances in zoo biology and zoo conservation. We are delighted and proud to have her with us at this WAZA Conference! In 2012 Miranda was named a member of the Order of the British Empire for services to conservation. This is one of the highest honours her nation has to offer for outstanding social achievements. Today we will present Miranda with the highest honour the zoo community has to offer. Herewith, I am pleased to present the Heini Hediger Award to our most esteemed colleague, Miranda Stevenson. Miranda, thank you for all of the expertise and inspiration that you have shared with us. On behalf of WAZA let me say: Well done, and congratulations!

President’s Note Lee Ehmke, Minnesota Zoological Garden

Good afternoon colleagues and friends; ladies and gentlemen: I am deeply honored and humbled to be asked to take on the role of WAZA President, especially as I think about the list of my distinguished predecessors and look around this room at the assembled brainpower and accomplishments you all represent. In fact, given all the incredible talent in the room, I do have to wonder, in the words of the legendary rock band the Talking Heads: “Well, how did I get here?” Bill Conway and Heini Hediger both said – in different contexts – that “the most dangerous animal in the zoo is the architect.” Today, I’d guess many zoo directors would add to that by saying their biggest challenges come at the hands of the ever‑growing herds of lawyers now walking the earth. So it seems a little ironic that I – having trained as both a lawyer and as a landscape architect – have been handed the reins of the world’s most prestigious zoo and aquarium association. Please don’t hold my basic level of scientific literacy against me! I promise I will listen with rapt attention and great interest to your reports, and you can be assured that your graphs, charts and Latin will impress me…

But seriously, the growing number of professional exhibit designers who are now corporate members of WAZA are testament that today we now recognize the importance of good design in the zoo and aquarium field. Today, architects and landscape architects who have engaged with zoo biologists form a very important part of our community. And there isn’t one of us who hasn’t had to become at least an amateur lawyer, given the environment of risk and regulation we all now live in. So, while my professional background may be unorthodox, I just want to you all to know that at my core, I’m a dedicated conservationist, an unapologetic zoo connoisseur, and a great proponent of the value and importance of zoo biology.

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I’ve had the benefit of working with two of the true giants of our field, whose kindness and critical guidance made possible everything I’ve been able to achieve in my 25 years in the zoo profession. Bill Conway first inspired me as a distant and heroic figure from the ‘Zoo Valhalla’ in the Bronx. I remember vividly reading his seminal paper “How to exhibit a bullfrog” as a rather precocious 12-year old. Many years later, when I was hired to work for WCS at the Bronx, Dr. Conway became an inspiring yet demanding reality, someone who entrusted me to deliver on a shared vision, the Congo Gorilla Forest exhibit. For those of you familiar with his 1968 Bullfrog paper, I think you might agree that the Congo exhibit is in many ways the real‑life manifestation of Bill’s fevered bullfrog dream.

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In turn, this experience in New York led me to the Minnesota Zoo, where I became director in 2000. In my early years there, I enjoyed a number of enlightening conversations with Ulie Seal who – from a modest office in the basement of the zoo’s animal hospital – did so much to change the zoo/aquarium world for the better. Dr. Seal, of course, founded ISIS and created CBSG; he was instrumental in developing the first AZA Species Survival Plans; and before that was he one of the visionaries who worked for decades to create the Minnesota Zoo, now my home. Bill Conway and Ulie Seal are among those who helped formulate the concepts of integrated conservation that we’ve all – in principle – agreed will be the way forward if we are to save even a fraction of the world’s imperiled biodiversity. The One Plan approach that has been explored during this Conference can be traced directly back to the ideas these two great visionaries articulated decades ago. I feel very lucky to have had the chance to work with both of them.

This is creating serious political and business threats to our profession – just consider the events of the last few months, with the Costa Rican government declaring they will disband national zoos, apparently on the basis that “captivity is morally wrong;” a US government agency somewhat arbitrarily denying a scientifically‑certified animal importation permit request; and activity in Germany to mandate animal care standards developed by “experts” who are avowed anti‑zoo activists. Science alone will not win this perception war about the value of zoos and aquariums – which is a battle for both hearts and minds. Nor will science alone be enough to win the battle to retain species and habitats in the face of the relentless growth of human populations and consumption. We will influence public opinion not just with cold facts and figures, but instead with the experiences we provide that can touch and change lives.

Today, however, zoos and aquariums are entering a period of great uncertainty and some peril. We know that our hoped‑for role as an insurance policy for species is far less assured than we assumed just a few years ago. The sustainability of our collections is unquestionably threatened, both for the species for whom captive breeding may be important for their survival, and for many of the animals that we build our businesses around.

These experiences can take the form of exciting immersions into recreated habitats, the facilitation of safe encounters with interesting and beautiful animals, and with the storytelling of our dedicated animal care and conservation experts. Our conference host – Disney’s Animal Kingdom – represents perhaps the ultimate expression of the power of experience and storytelling, but we can all strive to do a better job of conveying the wonder – and the plight – of the animals in our care, and how that care is leading to a better future for wildlife and for the planet.

Our critics have seized on this, and are taking advantage of a public who are more easily reached, convinced and sometimes dismissive of our expertise in animal care, education and conservation.

I came to the zoo world concerned mostly about creating experiences, but now realize it is not enough to offer our guests marvelous and life‑changing moments through clever design. We also need to work harder than ever to

provide the animals entrusted to our care a life experience that is fulfilling for them as well. The old assumption that zoos’ mission of species preservation trumped concerns about individual animals cannot be defended. Great animal welfare and effective, “One Plan” conservation outcomes are not mutually exclusive goals, and we must pursue both with increased rigor and focus. I am excited to begin my term as President of WAZA, and look forward to working with Executive Director Gerald Dick and his staff, WAZA Council and our 334+ members to forge progress toward WAZA’s ultimate vision: that the full conservation potential of the world’s zoos and aquariums is realized.

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WAZA’s Corporate Strategy, developed in 2009, sets out six strategic directions that will inform and shape the priorities and activities of WAZA Council over the next two years. Under the leadership of our outgoing President Dr. Jörg Junhold, significant progress has been made on all six of these priorities. However, much work remains to be accomplished, in a world where wildlife and wild places are under assault, and where the role of zoos and aquariums in combating this assault is still not as widely understood and accepted as it needs to be. At the top of the priority list for my Presidency will be completing two major initiatives launched during the past year, which Jörg Junhold and others have described in greater detail earlier in the Conference.

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First is the development of a Global Zoo and Aquarium Strategy for Animal Welfare. And second is a significant update and re‑imagination of a document that has – perhaps to greater effect than any other – defined the philosophical framework for 21st century zoological institutions: the World Zoo and Aquarium Conservation Strategy (WZACS). Under the guidance of WAZA Council members Susan Hunt and Rick Barongi, respectively, the Animal Welfare Strategy and a streamlined WZACS will provide continued evidence of the zoo community’s leadership role in the humane care of animals, and of the conservation impact derived from the operation and growth of zoo‑based education, research, fundraising and animal management programs. Another significant initiative that will be publically launched in the upcoming months is the Decade on Biodiversity project. An attractive and highly customizable suite of materials has been developed to allow all WAZA members to make use of them, in order to raise awareness of the importance of biodiversity. It has been documented that most people do not understand what the word “biodiversity” means. In the UK, many people surveyed think it’s a brand of laundry detergent! In the US, for some people it apparently conjures up images of stealth takeover by “radical environmentalists.”

So, it’s been suggested that perhaps we’re better off talking about the same issues using different language, leaving out the difficult term “biodiversity.” But to the contrary, I believe we need the word and the concept of biodiversity to be understood and embraced by as many people as possible. As the environmental philosopher Paul Shepard noted: “To forge a whole person requires an entire alphabet of biodiversity.” Our audiences are primed for this – and WAZA looks forward to providing tools that zoos and zoo associations can use to help leverage this readiness. Over the next two years, I also hope to see significant growth in the area of global species management in response to the collection sustainability crisis. A viable future for many species in human care can only be achieved through cooperative management at the global level. I’m proud that the Minnesota Zoo’s Conservation Director Dr. Tara Harris is part of this emerging direction, having been named co ‑convener of the recently established Global Species Management Plan for Amur tigers. But there are still only six functioning Global Species Management Plans, out of literally hundreds of species that almost certainly will “blink out” in our zoos if we don’t begin to manage them as a global collective. I’m confident that WAZA’s Committee for Population Management, now ably chaired by Jenny Gray, will accelerate the shift to global population management for those species most in need of inter‑regional collaboration.

This leads directly to the need to continue the conversation about WAZA’s existential role in the rapidly changing context of zoo‑based conservation. WAZA began as an association of individuals, a club of distinguished directors of big zoos. It sensibly moved to become a broad ‑based association of zoos and aquariums – of institutions – in the 2000s. It’s my belief that we now need to think about evolving further into an association of zoo associations. Much of the critical work around collection sustainability, public outreach and governmental policy affecting zoos is being addressed by associations at the national or regional levels, for a host of good, practical reasons. WAZA needs to collaborate with and assist in coordinating the work of the regional associations and their members. And the associations in turn need to openly communicate with and look for common ground with WAZA. In recent years, despite the growing conservation crisis engulfing the world and the acute sustainability crisis we face as a community, I still see too much duplicative effort, wasted motion and distraction over ownership of “turf” among the associations representing zoos and aquariums, including WAZA. The urgency of the crises we are confronting demands that we find better ways to work in concert, to fill gaps and aim for synergies, rather than creating redundant structures, processes and initiatives.

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WAZA’s unique strengths should inform the focus for our work going forward: – We must continue to communicate and illustrate that the zoo and aquarium community is global in scope and united for conserva‑ tion, by actively participating in the global and regional forums where international conservation policy and the regulatory environment that impacts our business is developed and can be influenced. – We should continue our history of providing a high level, strategic framework for the zoo community – in the spirit of WZACS. – We need to facilitate dialogue amongst and coordination of the regional and national zoo associations, to complement and to leverage the fantastic interpersonal conversations our conferences always offer.

I look forward to all of these challenges and opportunities, as well as some I can’t even anticipate at this point. I am excited, knowing that I’m part of the most committed and passionate group of professionals anywhere. Gerald Dick and his talented staff, the esteemed elected and co‑opted members of WAZA Council, and my great friend and inspiration – outgoing President Jörg Junhold – together provide a fantastic base of support. The entire zoo and aquarium community, represented by all of you in this room today, has done remarkable things. What other group of people can say with complete conviction that their role – in so many words – is to help save the world. Let’s get on with it!

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I greatly appreciate your confidence and friendship – and for taking the chance on letting a lawyer/architect lead WAZA!

– As I mentioned earlier, we need to deliver more robustly on the long‑envisioned but still emerging systems of global species management. – And, intensive discussion is required to balance how we can welcome and assist zoos that are not now part of the WAZA network, while assuring that WAZA membership remains a certification of excellence and integrity.

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Workshop Reports Lake Buena Vista, Orlando 17 October 2013 Start at 3.00 pm – End at 4.00 pm

Workshop I – Animal welfare is our core business: how are we ensuring positive welfare in our zoos? Chair & Rapporteur: Susan Hunt

Structure Presentations followed by breakout group discussions.

Minutes / bullet points The workshop Animal welfare is our core busi‑ ness: how are we ensuring positive welfare in our zoos? ran at the workshop sessions on 16 October 2013. The purpose of the workshop was to canvas discussion about positive animal welfare in our zoos and aquariums. The format comprised short presentations from the members of the WAZA Animal Welfare Committee (or their proxies) representing six regions of the world: UK, Africa, North America, Japan, Australasia and Germany. These where applicable are available in the conference proceedings.

This was followed by breakout groups from the audience comprising 10 to 15 members where the following questions were workshopped: • How is animal welfare monitored in your zoo? • Do you have an animal welfare committee? • Is there a process to report animal welfare concerns? • What are the areas of challenge in managing zoo animal welfare? • Each group reported back to plenary on the major discussion points of their workshop group

Workshop II – Relationships and collaborations in professionally managing species Chair & Rapporteur: Jenny Gray

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Outcome / suggested steps The findings of the workshop will be incorporated into the WAZA Animal Welfare Strategy that is presently under development.

Structure Presentations followed by general discussion.

For further information on the workshop, please feel free to contact the Chair of the WAZA Animal Welfare Committee, Susan Hunt on susan.hunt@perthzoo.wa.gov.au or the WAZA Executive Office.

Minutes / bullet points The WAZA Committee for Population Management (CPM) held a workshop entitled “Relationships and collaborations in professionally managing species”. The workshop was facilitated by the Chair of CPM, Jenny Gray. A number of key presentations were delivered, highlighting the activities and work of CPM. Markus Gusset presented the findings of a survey of International Studbook Keepers undertaken in early 2013. He highlighted key findings and thanked institutions that hold International Studbooks. Onnie Byers presented training in population

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management, which has focused largely on the Asian region over the last five years. Nate Flesness presented the changes to ZIMS to simplify the presentation of population data and new developments in ZIMS that will facilitate improved information flow to studbook keepers and ultimately house studbooks in ZIMS. Lesley Dickie introduced the Joint TAG Chairs Meeting to be held in Alphen, the Netherlands in June 2014; all institutions are encouraged to support their staff in attending this meeting. It is the first time that such a TAG chairs meeting will be held. The hosting institutions for the Global Species Management Plans (GSMPs) each presented the progress with their GSMPs. Thanks to David Field, Deborah Jensen, Lesley Dickie, Lee Ehmke and Chris Hibbard for their presentations. The workshop finished with a general discussion.

Workshop III – Conservation partnerships

Outcome / suggested steps

Four joint presentations by field biologists and their corresponding WAZA zoo partner. Moderated by Jean‑Gael Collomb, Director of Conservation Programs, Wildlife Conservation Network (WCN). WCN supports about 20 of the world’s leading wildlife conservationists and trains them to become better fundraisers for their projects. Three of the four field biologists presenting in this session are conservation partners with WCN. Each presentation in this workshop highlighted the critical elements that create a long‑term successful partnership and the mutual benefits for both parties.

Participants expressed an interest in the level of detail presented. Some discussion followed on potential new GSMPs.

Chair & Rapporteur: Rick Barongi

Proyecto Titi (cotton‑top tamarin): Rosamira Guillen and Anne Savage, Senior Conservation Biologist, Disney’s Animal Kingdom. Grevy’s Zebra Trust: Peter Lalampaa and Martha Fischer, Curator, Saint Louis Zoo. Niassa Lion Project: Colleen Begg and Peter Riger, Vice‑President of Conservation, Houston Zoo. Lowland Tapir Conservation Initiative: Patricia Medici and Rick Barongi, Director, Houston Zoo.

Structure Presentations followed by general discussion.

Minutes / bullet points

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Outcome / suggested steps The purpose of this session was to demonstrate that any zoo or aquarium can support field conservation projects. Support is not just about sending money to a field conservationist but is more about collaborating and combining resources. Some of the best examples of collaboration will be published in the third version of the World Zoo and Aquarium Conservation Strategy, scheduled for completion in 2015. Workshop Reports page

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Workshop IV – The WAZA Conservation Strategy “Vision 2020” Chair & Rapporteur: Rick Barongi

Structure Jointly presented by the editorial team for the third edition of the World Zoo and Aquarium Conservation Strategy (WZACS): Rick Barongi, Markus Gusset, Fiona Fisken and Heribert Hofer.

Minutes / bullet points Agenda for workshop: • Rick: WZACS third edition – purpose and goals • Markus: Conservation strategy elements • Heribert: Framework and new issues • Fiona: Production and timelines • Rick: Summary, next workshop – 5 and 6 May 2014 in Leipzig

Purpose and goals

Cross themes for each of the chapters:

To update and revise the 2005 WZACS document and also make it more concise, engaging and user‑friendly. The goal is to have a final version to present at the 2015 WAZA Annual Conference. This shorter document will be accompanied by a more comprehensive in‑depth Resource Centre with contemporary examples and model programmes. The document will have a different format in that each chapter will have a vision statement that is an aspirational statement of intent. This will be followed by a 1,500 word chapter with some illustrative, case study examples. This format was developed at a workshop held in Houston on 3 and 4 May 2013 and attended by most of the current members of the WAZA Conservation & Sustainability Committee.

• Aichi Biodiversity Targets • Capacity building • Ethics • Climate change • One Plan approach (Alliance for Zero Extinction and IUCN Red List) • People empowerment

Chapter champions: • Introduction: Jeff Bonner & Onnie Byers • Integrated Conservation/Partnerships/Politics: Lesley Dickie • Conservation of Wild Populations: Peter Riger • Population Management: Markus Gusset, Paul Boyle • Science and Research: Heribert Hofer, Sonja Luz • Education/Training/Behaviour Change/Communication: Suzanne Gendron, Jenny Gray • Ethics and Animal Welfare: Susan Hunt • Sustainability (Green Practices): To be decided (this content may not be in a separate chapter but rather added to the Resource Centre)

New issues, new models and new paradigms: • Maximise best animal practices • Novel management approaches • Novel space/continuum – intensively managed to wilderness • New technology – social media, measuring our impact • Engaging 700 million zoo and aquarium visitors • New business models to raise conservation dollars without sacrificing operational dollars

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Outcome / suggested steps World Café (”speed dating exercise”) – three big questions: • Scope/new potential: Expanded role that zoos and aquariums can play in biodiversity conservation. New opportunities and priorities. • New business/marketing plan for conservation: Challenges and best practices. • Global buy‑in and coordination: What are the implications of taking “integrated conservation” seriously in all your operations? How can you make it a win–win situation? The comments from all three groups were documented and will be available on the WAZA website.

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Workshop V – Aquariums around the world: status and challenges Chair: Mark Penning / Suzanne Gendron | Rapporteur: Mark Penning

Structure

Minutes / bullet points • Aquarium Committee members will continue to solicit new aquarium members for WAZA • The workshop presentations will be put together into a paper, and an effort made to update/refresh aquarium data published in “Turning the Tide” • Further material will be generated for the WAZA News • Discussions regarding WAZA / IAC synergies will continue • The “Rising Tide” initiative may serve as a model for other regions – information needs to be shared in this regard • Benchmarking aquarium animal survivability and mortalities will be explored in the coming year

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WAZA aquarium session – presentations on status and trends in aquariums in various regions: • David Field on Europe • Paul Boyle on the USA • Judy Mann on Africa • Suzanne Gendron on China and SE Asia • Yoshitaka Abe on Japan • Chris Andrews on Australia/New Zealand

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Bill Street presented on the “Rising Tide” initiative.

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Karin Stratton presented on the Monterey Bay Aquarium Sustainable Seafood initiative

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List of Participants

Last Name Abe Al Dhaheri Al Hajeri Al Shamsi Allan Anderson Andrews Andrews Arai Ararat Arnett Asper Baker Ballantyne Ban Fischinger Bar Barongi Barros Barton Bec Bell Benitez-Nelson Bensted Bergamini Blanchon-Pothet Block Bobek Bonal Bonner Boos Boyle Brandlová Brattmyhr Breheny Brewer Brightman Brighton Burns Byers Cabrejo Galdo Caldwell

First Name Yoshitaka Muna Ghanim Mariam Crawford Jim Brad Jeff Kazutoshi Etty Stephanie Ed Anne Roy Zdenka Yehuda Rick Yara Scott Christophe Kevin Claudia Elaine Massimo Géraldine Rich Miroslav Bishan Jeffrey Mike Paul Karolína John Jim Scott Tim Jim Steve Onnie Enrique Hayes

Organization Aquamarine Fukushima Al Ain Wildlife Park & Resort Al Ain Wildlife Park & Resort Al Ain Wildlife Park & Resort TRAFFIC, USA Fort Wayne Children’s Zoo SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment Busch Gardens Tampa Japanese Association of Zoos and Aquariums (JAZA) Haifa Zoo Disney’s Animal Kingdom African Safari Wildlife Park St. Louis Zoo University of Queensland Zoo Ljubljana Zoological Center Tel -Aviv - Ramat Gan ltd Houston Zoo Parque das Aves Fresno Chaffee Zoo Parc des Oiseaux Lincoln Park Zoo University of South Carolina Zoos South Australia Canada’s Accredited Zoos and Aquariums Parc des Oiseaux Santa Barbara Zoo Zoo Praha Central Zoo Authority Saint Louis Zoo SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment Association of Zoos & Aquariums Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences Foundation Skansen Wildlife Conservation Society Art Processors Billings Productions Inc. PJA Architects Landscape Architects Zoo Boise CBSG - Conservation Breeding Specialist Group Parque Zoologico Huachipa - Consorcio Ecolatina SAC. Caldwell Zoo

Country Japan United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates United States United States United States United States Japan Israel United States United States United States Australia Slovenia Israel United States Brazil United States France United States United States Australia Canada France United States Czech Republic India United States United States United States Czech Republic Sweden United States Australia United States United States United States United States Peru United States

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Last Name Cheng Chin Chin Christie Clements Colas Collados Collomb Conde Conway Correll Craig Cretney Croukamp D’Amaro Delord Delord Delord-Lajunias Dick Dickie Dinsmore Divílek Dold Dominguez Donlon Doron Eberhart Ehmke Eriksen Erny Falla Falla Ferreira Le Morvan Ferrie Field Fifield Fisken Flesness Forman Frost Fukuda

First Name Wen-Haur Jason Sue Jay Lynn Petr Gustavo Jean-Gael Dalia William Terrie Mark James Anna Josh Françoise Delphine Rodolphe Gerald Lesley Craig Tomáš Chris Maria Clara Peter Shai Heather Lee Andrew Cécile Carolina Carolina Sophie Gina David Karen Fiona Nate Ron Phil Yutaka

Organization Wildlife Reserves Singapore Taipei Zoo Minnesota Zoological Garden Racine Zoological Gardens Virginia Aquarium & Marine Science Center Foundation Zoo Ostrava Pangea Consultants Wildlife Conservation Network University of Southern Denmark Wildlife Conservation Society Tulsa Zoo Mangement Inc. Al Ain Wildlife Park & Resort Marwell Wildlife Parque das Aves Disney’s Animal Kingdom ZooParc de Beauval ZooParc de Beauval Association Française des Parcs Zoologiques (AFdPZ) WAZA EAZA UTAH’S HOGLE ZOO ZOO a zámek Zlín-Lešná SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment Cali Zoo ISIS Jerusalem Zoo Disney’s Animal Kingdom Minnesota Zoological Garden Cango Wildlife Ranch Association Française des Parcs Zoologiques (AFdPZ) ACOPAZOA - Colombian Association of Zoos and Aquariums Parque Jaime Duque Parc Zoologique de Paris Disney’s Animal Kingdom Zoological Society of London Wellington Zoo Zoological Society of London ISIS Audubon Nature Institute Baton Rouge Zoo Ueno Zoological Gadens

Country Singapore Taiwan United States United States United States Czech Republic Chile United States Denmark United States United States United Arab Emirates United Kingdom Brazil United States France France France Switzerland Netherlands United States Czech Republic United States Columbia United States Israel United States United States South Africa France Colombia Columbia France United States United Kingdom New Zealand United Kingdom United States United States United States Japan

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Last Name Gass Gendron Germann Gettmann Gibson Gil Rothenburger Gilbert Gonzalez Gray Greene Gumay Gusset Hale Hanuliakova Hashikawa Hauert Healy Heckel Hernandez Hibbard Hilsenroth Hofer Hoggren Hohne Horský Hovorka Howard Hudson Hughes Hunt Hunt Imas Insuwan Janikowski Jensen Jha Johansen Jones Junhold Kaal Kagan

First Name Scott Suzanne Roger Wolfgang Nancy Carmen María Robby Alberto Jenny Lewis Marsawitri Markus Robin Julia Hisashi Michèle Mary Jens-Ove Ana Chris Rob Heribert Mats Matt Roman Martin Emily Gregg Karen Susan Holly Silvia Bunyat Pat Deborah Alankar Henrik Vesterskov David Jörg Mati Ron

Organization SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment Ocean Park Corporation John G. Shedd Aquarium Aquazoo Love Wildlife Foundation Gobierno de la Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires Billings Productions Inc. Zoologico Matecana de Pereira/Member of Acopazoa Zoos Victoria Columbus Zoo and Aquarium Ragunan Zoological Park WAZA Toronto Zoo Zoo Design Nagoya Higashiyama Zoo WAZA Sacramento Zoo Zoo Landau in der Pfalz AFH Design, LLC Zoo & Aquarium Association Australasia American Association of Zoo Veterinarians IZW - Leibniz Institute for Zoo & Wildlife Research Kolmarden Wildlife Park Disney’s Animal Kingdom ZOO a zámek Zlín-Lešná Zoological Garden of Brno City PGAV, Inc. Dallas Zoo University of Queensland Perth Zoo African Safari Wildlife Park Gobierno de la Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires Nakorn Ratchasima PJA Architects Woodland Park Zoo PNHZ Park, Darjeeling, India Aalborg Zoo North Carolina Zoological Park Leipzig Zoo Tallinn Zoological Gardens Detroit Zoological Society

Country United States Hong Kong United States Germany Thailand Argentinia United States Colombia United States United States Indonesia Switzerland Canada United States Japan Switzerland United States Germany United States Australia United States Germany Sweden United States Czech Republic Czech Republic United States United States Australia Australia United States Argentina Thailand United States United States India Denmark United States Germany Estonia United States

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Last Name Kahlenberg Kelly Kjellson Knieriem Kongprom Kozó Krejčová Kwon Lalumière Lanthier Lecointre Lee Lehnhardt Leitinger Leroux Lewis Lindén Long Lowry Luz Maddy Madumise Mahlaba Makganye Maloney Maloney Manansang Manansang Mann Martys Matamoros McClintock McCusker McDaniel McDuffie McKenna McMichael Mehrmann Mejeur Mercadante Miglore

First Name Sonya Dennis Bo Andreas Urarikha László Nándor Hana Soo Whan Joanne Clement Carole Meng Tat Kathy Susanne Nicolas John Lena M Sarah Rachel Sonja Jim Brenda Busisiwe Tshepang Dan Laura Jansen Esther Judy Michael Yolanda Keith J Stephen Stewart Lynn Carol Alex Tom James Michael Fran

Organization GRACE Smithsonian National Zoological Park Borås Djurpark AB Münchener Tierpark Hellabrunn AG Khao Kheow Open Zoo Budapest Zoo Jihlava Zoo Samsung Everland Zoo Zoo de Granby (Granby Zoo) The Calgary Zoo WAZA Wildlife Reserves Singapore Disney’s Animal Kingdom Loro Parque Zoo Amnéville Los Angeles Zoo & Botanical Gardens Nordens Ark Lincoln Park Zoo Zoos Victoria Wildlife Reserves Singapore Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) Johannesburg City Parks and Zoo Johannesburg City Parks and Zoo Johannesburg City Parks and Zoo Jacksonville Zoo and Gardens The Humane Society of the United States Taman Safari Indonesia Taman Safari Indonesia SAAMBR Alpen Zoo AMACZOOA Portico Group San Antonio Zoological Society Pentair Aquatic Eco-Systems, Inc. Disney’s Animal Kingdom WSPA Disney’s Animal Kingdom Ocean Park Corporation Disney’s Animal Kingdom Main Street Design Disney’s Animal Kingdom

Country United States United States Sweden Germany Thailand Hungary Czech Republic Republic of Korea Canada Canada Switzerland Singapore United States Spain France United States Sweden United States Australia Singapore United States South Africa South Africa South Africa United States United States Indonesia Indonesia South Africa Austria Costa Rica United States United States United States United States United Kingdom United States China United States United States United States

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Last Name Miller Mills Morgan Mukashev Munzi Musella Musinguzi Myers Nagel Naharro Pires Narasimhan Nelana Ng Niekisch Nxomani Oberwemmer Ogden Olberg Pagan Pagel Pate Pellandini Penning Persányi Pfistermueller Phillips Pilgrim Pinto-Pereira Plassé Pugh Pullen Rabb Ratajszczak Redford Reed Rehák Rho Riger Rübel Sangpong Sanjayan

First Name Eric Kevin Dave Yerbulat Leonardo Mick James Douglas G Udo Francisco Binod Bulumko Louis Manfred Clifford Frank Jackie Rolf-Arne Olivier Theo Dennis Damián Mark Miklós Regina Rebecca Mark Tiago Chelle Craig Kirsten George Radoslaw Kent Mark Ivan Jeongrae Peter Alex Suriya Muttulingam

Organization Saint Louis Zoo South Carolina Aquarium Wild Welfare Almaty Zoo Clax Italia San Diego Zoo Global Uganda Wildlife Education Centre San Diego Zoo Global Rostock Zoo Jardim Zoológico e de Aclimação em Portugal, S.A. Al Ain Johannesburg City Parks and Zoo ACRES Zoo Frankfurt National Zoological Gardens of South Africa Zoo Leipzig GmbH Disney’s Animal Kingdom Kristiansand Dyrepark Zoo Basel Cologne Zoo Omaha’s Henry Doorly Zoo & Aquarium Fundación Temaiken Disney’s Animal Kingdom Budapest Zoo Schönbrunner Tiergarten GesmbH Disney’s Animal Kingdom Chester Zoo WAZA Disney’s Animal Kingdom Tampa’s Lowry Park Zoo BIAZA CBSG Wroclaw Zoo Archipelago Consulting Sedgwick County Zoo Zoo Praha Seoul Zoo Houston Zoo Zoo Zürich Khao Kheow Open Zoo The Nature Conservancy

Country United States United States United States Kazakhstan Italy United States Uganda United States Germany Portugal UAE South Africa Singapore Germany South Africa Germany United States Norway Switzerland Germany United States Argentina United States Hungary Austria United States United Kingdom Switzerland United States United States United Kingdom United States Poland United States United States Czech Republic Republic of Korea United States Switzerland Thailand United States

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Last Name Saunders Savage Schmid Schmidt Schratter Schwartz Simelane Simmons Simmons Sincage Siriaroonrat Skrable Smith Soltis Sowden Spitsin Stalf Stamper Stedman Stephens Stevenson Stonecipher Straede Stratton Street Takahashi Taylor Taylor Therien Thomton Thongphakdee Tomisawa Tonge Torre Torres Tsao van der Spuy Vehrs Vinyard Visentin von Hegel

First Name Cindy Anne Tom Christian Dagmar Rick Musa Pat Lee Jamie Boripat Bob Kim Joseph Craig Vladimir Tom Andy Nancy Eric Miranda Roger Steffen Karin Bill Masayuki Steve Brooke Jay John Ampika Kanako Simon Ace Rafael Eric Stephen Kris Hershel Emmanuel Gisela

Organization Disney’s Animal Kingdom Disney’s Animal Kingdom Texas State Aquarium Zoo Frankfurt Schönbrunner Tiergarten GesmbH Nashville Zoo Johannesburg City Parks and Zoo Akron Zoo Omaha Zoo Foundation Disney’s Animal Kingdom Zoological Park Organization Aviculturist Oregon Zoo Disney’s Animal Kingdom S.E.A. Aquarium Moscow Zoo Columbus Zoo and Aquarium The Seas at Epcot SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment Zoo Miami BIAZA ISIS - International Species Information System Copenhagen Zoo Monterey Bay Aquarium SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment Osaka Tennoji zoo Cleveland Metroparks Zoo Pentair Aquatic Eco-Systems, Inc. Disney’s Animal Kingdom Disney’s Animal Kingdom Zoological Park Organization Japanese Association of Zoos and Aquariums Paignton Zoo Environmental Park Torre Design Consortium, Ltd. Acopazoa Taipei Zoo PAAZAB Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) Florida Department of Environmental Protection Parc des Oiseaux Zoologischer Garten Karlsruhe

Country United States United States United States Switzerland Austria United States South Africa United States United States United States Thailand United States United States United States Singapore Russia United States United States United States United States United Kingdom United States Denmark United States United States Japan United States United States United States United States Thailand Japan United Kingdom United States Colombia Taiwan South Africa United States United States France Germany

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Last Name Wahlström Walker Watkins Rogers Wawerchak Wedel Welder Westin Wichasilp Widneyer Wiese Wight Wilcken Wiley Winsten Wisthoff Wuennemann Wylie Yamamoto Zeigler

First Name Jonas Sally Rachél Vicki Sandra Doris Jan Wisid Lynette Robert Garth A. Jonathan Brendan Keith Randy Klaus Stephen Shigeyuki Frank William

Organization Skansen-Akvariet AB Zoo Outreach Organization Zoo Miami Monterey Bay Aquarium G.K. Airfreight Service Disney’s Animal Kingdom Universeum Zoological Park Organization Pentair Aquatic Eco-Systems, Inc. San Diego Zoo Global Safari Thatch Inc Auckland Zoo Topeka Zoological Park Brevard Zoo Kansas City Zoo Zoo Heidelberg Oklahoma City Zoo, retired Japanese Association of Zoos and Aquariums Chicago Zoological Society/Brookfield Zoo

Country Sweden United States United States United States United Kingdom United States Sweden Thailand United States United States United States New Zealand United States United States United States Germany United States Japan United States

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