Guildhall Winchester Art Self-Tour

Guildhall

Winchester

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Art in the Guildhall

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Introduction Winchester City Council’s art collection is now cared

It is not known by what means many of these

for by its museums service, though some of the

pictures came into the collection but some were

pictures have been in the possession of the City long

donated by benefactors and family members of the

before 1847 when the museum was first founded.

sitters. Some were quite probably commissioned by

Although the majority of the pictures in the art collection are topographical, some of the oldest are portraits of local gentry and civic dignitaries such as mayors. Many of these are on display in the Guildhall

the sitter when they were occupying a position on the Council. Others have been commissioned for civic events such as Freedom Parades and then presented to the City.

Winchester. The oldest pictures on display in the

Old photographs of the Guildhall show that some of

Guildhall date from the early 17th Century.

the pictures hang in the same room as they were in over one hundred years ago.

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Ruins of Wolvesey

Bapsybanoo (Bapsy) Marchioness of Winchester (1902 – 1995)

Watercolour

Oil painting on canvas by Frank Salisbury, 1956

by Henry Gastineau, around 1830 located on ground floor Wolvesey Palace was one of the greatest medieval ecclesiastical buildings of its time and was the main residence of the Bishops of Winchester throughout the medieval period. The structure we see today is mostly the remains of the work of Henry of Blois, Bishop of Winchester from 1129 to 1171.

located on first floor Bapsybanoo Pavry (Bapsy) was born in 1902 in India the daughter of a priest of the Parsees in Bombay. In 1952 she married the 16th Marquess of Winchester and in 1961 signed the deed of settlement for the ’Bapsy Marchioness of Winchester Memorial Hall’ to be provided in her memory in Winchester after her death. You can read more about Bapsy in the display case near this portrait.

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Winchester from the South

King Charles I

Oil painting on

around 1650

canvas by Tobias Young, 1803 located on first floor This view of Winchester is from a position roughly where the Badger Farm Road roundabout is now.

Notable buildings and features are the former Winchester Palace on the left of the picture, Winchester Cathedral, St Cross Church and St Catherine's Hill.

oil painting on canvas, by an unknown artist

located in King Charles Hall on first floor The City of Winchester had been a Royalist city for the majority of the Civil War and it was given one last opportunity to display this loyalty in December 1648. Charles was being transported from Carisbrooke Castle to London and an overnight stop was made in Winchester. The Mayor and Aldermen of Winchester received Charles with all dutiful respect and presented him with the keys and mace of the City. When informed that this made them traitors they protested their ignorance and withdrew.

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Sir William Paulet, First Marquess of Winchester (around 1483 – 1572)

George Morley, Bishop of Winchester (1597/8 – 1684)

oil painting on panel by an unknown artist,

Oil painting on canvas, around 1700

around 1600 located in King Charles Hall on first floor

Sir William Paulet

George Morley

William Paulet was the eldest son of St John Paulet of Basing Castle and a prominent politician of his time. William served as Sheriff and MP for Hampshire and was given the title of Baron St John, Marquess of Winchester in 1551. He was also Lord Treasurer of England.

located in King Charles Hall on first floor George Morley was a staunch Royalist during the English Civil War and had to flee to Europe during the period of the Commonwealth. After the restoration of the monarchy Morley returned to England and in 1662 was made Bishop of Winchester. Morley died on the 29th October 1684 at Farnham Castle and is buried in Winchester Cathedral.

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King Charles II (1630 – 1685) oil painting on canvas,

Col. George Brydges (1678 – 1751)

by Peter Lely around 1650

Oil on canvas by an unknown artist,

and oil painting by an unknown artist around same time located in King Charles Hall on first floor The painting by Lely was presented to the City by King Charles II in 1683, the same year in which Charles decided to build a new palace in Winchester.

Christopher Wren was commissioned to design and built the palace and by 1685 the structure was up but the interior unfinished. However, Charles died unexpectedly in 1685 and James II was not prepared to continue the funding of the palace and so it was left unfinished.

around 1750 located in King Charles Hall on first floor George Brydges was a member of the powerful Brydges/Chandos family who resided at Avington Park near Winchester. The family was an important faction in eighteenth century Winchester politics and the main rival of the Paulet family. At the time he stood for election as MP for Winchester he gave a statue of Queen Anne to the City. The statue can still be seen on the old Guildhall (now Lloyd’s Bank) in the High Street.

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Edward Cole oil painting on canvas, around 1600 located in King Charles Hall on first floor

Edward Cole

Edward Cole was a local attorney and Mayor of Winchester, and also served as MP for Winchester.

When in 1598 the outgoing mayor and the mayor's brethren were assembled to receive Edward Cole to take his oath as mayor elect, two men had to be sent to fetch him. When the men returned without Cole they reported that Mr Cole was asleep and could not be awakened! Cole is also known to have subscribed 25 pounds for defence against the Spanish Armada. Cole died in 1617 and a monument in his memory was erected in the north aisle of Winchester Cathedral.

Sir Paulet St John, Baronet (1704 – 1780) Oil painting on canvas by an unknown artist, around 1750 located in King Charles Hall on first floor Sir Paulet St John was the son of Ellis Mews who had assumed the name of St John when he married his cousin Frances the daughter of Oliver St John of Farley Chamberlayne. Paulet St John was High Sheriff of Hampshire, he served as an MP for Winchester and Hampshire and also served as Mayor of Winchester. In 1772 he was made Baronet St John of Farley in Hampshire.

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Queen Elizabeth II Oil on canvas by Edward Halliday, 1957 located in King Charles Hall on first floor This painting was presented to the City by public subscription to commemorate the Queen's 1955 visit to Winchester. The portrait shows the Queen with the Deanery and Cathedral forming a background.

The cost of the portrait was met entirely from voluntary contributions under an appeal launched by Councillor Mrs Thackeray. It is Winchester's version of the artist's painting for the Draper's Company and there are versions in Southampton and in Government House, Wellington, New Zealand.

George Pemerton Oil painting on canvas by an unknown artist, around 1650 located in King Charles Hall on first floor George Pemerton was Mayor of Winchester and also established Pemerton's Quarterages for the poor in 1637, a charity which was administered by St John's Hospital Trustees. In 1634 a similar provision was made with the town of Andover in Hampshire.

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Statue of King Alfred in The Broadway

Edward Page Clowser (1795 – 1860)

Oil painting on canvas by Henry Edward Locke, 1904

Oil painting on canvas by George Liddell, 1852

located on second floor

located on second floor

The statue of King Alfred was unveiled on the 20th September 1901 and so this is an early record of what is now an established landmark. The statue was commissioned to commemorate the 1000th anniversary of the death of King Alfred as part of the Alfred Millenary celebrations of the same year.

The statue was paid for by public subscription and the commission was won by the sculptor Hamo Thorneycroft.

Edward Page Clowser never lived in Winchester but was the uncle of William Clowser, a Winchester businessman.

William Clowser served in the Rifle Brigade as messman for twenty years and possibly came to Winchester as a result of the Rifles being based here. After leaving the Rifles he managed the City Club in St Peter’s Street and then went on to found the City Restaurant in Jewry Street in 1885. William Clowser died in 1917.

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Sir Thomas White

John Doswell

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Sir Thomas White

John Doswell (1740 – 1792),

Oil on board by an unknown artist, around 1600

Mayor of Winchester.

located on second floor

Oil on canvas by an unknown artist, around 1800

Sir Thomas White was an Alderman of the City of London, Master of the Merchants Taylor Company and founder of St John’s College in Oxford. In 1566 White gave £2000 to the Corporation of Bristol on condition that they should purchase an estate. Out of the rents they paid yearly the sum of £104 in regular succession to one of twenty four cities and towns named in the deed, one of which was Winchester.

located on second floor John Doswell was the son of a butcher from the Hyde area of Winchester and served as Mayor of Winchester in 1777-78, 1781-82 and 1787-88.

Doswell was also made a Freeman and Alderman of the City. Other civic positions held by Doswell were Justice of the Peace and Pavement Commissioner.

Doswell ran the Crown and Cushion in Jewry Street, Winchester but like his father he was also a butcher and traded out of Jewry Street.

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Joseph Barker Oil painting on canvas by an unknown artist, around 1850 located on second floor This picture is believed to be of Joseph Barker who was Mayor of Winchester in 1799 and 1803-07. The painting has been known as ‘Portrait of a Young Man’ but in earlier lists of paintings in Abbey House and the Guildhall the painting is referred to as being of Joseph Barker.

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Winchester and the Military Winchester has a long connection with the military dating back to around 1800 when the barracks were established in the unfinished palace that Charles II had commission in 1683. The army have now left the centre of Winchester and the barracks are apartments but the connection continues. In recognition of this close connection with Winchester the Freedom of Entry has been bestowed upon many of the military units. The Freedom of Entry is an honour given to the armed forces when they have a long association with a city and it permits entry into a city bearing arms. There are five army museums that can be visited in the Peninsula Barracks complex

The Royal Hampshire Regiment Farewell Parade Print from a watercolour by Kate Dicker, 1992 reproduced with kind permission of the artist located on second floor In 1944 the Royal Hampshire Regiment was given the Freedom of Entry of Winchester. In 1992 the Regiment became part of the newly formed The Princess of Wales’s Royal Regiment (Queen’s and Royal Hampshires). To say farewell to Winchester the Royal Hampshire Regiment marched through Winchester for the last time.

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HMS Dryad, The Granting of the Right of Freedom of Entry to the City of Winchester

Royal Army Pay Corps

Print from a watercolour by Kate Dicker, 1995

Winchester 1992

Print from an oil painting by Julian Barrow, 1996

reproduced with kind permission of the artist

reproduced with kind permission of the artist

reproduced with kind permission of the artist

located on second floor

located on second floor

located on second floor

HMS Dryad was a Royal Navy shore establishment located at Southwark and was the home of the Royal Navy's Maritime Warfare School. This picture shows Dryad being granted the Freedom of Entry of Winchester in 1995. In 2004 the Maritime Warfare School moved to HMS Collingwood and Southwick Estate became home to the joint services Defence School of Policing and Guarding.

This picture records the last occasion that the Royal Army Pay Corps exercised its right to march through Winchester bearing arms before becoming part of the newly formed Adjutant General’s Corps.

As the Adjutant General’s Corps had been formed partly from the Royal Army Pay Corps which had been granted the Freedom of Entry of Winchester in 1970 the honour was transferred to the AGC. This painting depicts the Adjutant General’s Corps exercising their right to march through the City in 1996.

Print from painting by Kate Dicker,

Freedom Parade for the Adjutant General’s Corps

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Adjutant General’s Corps Freedom Parade Print from a painting by Anthony Cowland, 2008 reproduced with kind permission of the artist located on third floor

Parade Ground at Peninsula Barracks Print from a watercolour by John Doyle, 1985 reproduced with kind permission of the artist located on second floor The Peninsula Barracks had been associated with the Green Jackets since 1858 and after regimental changes were the home of the Light Brigade. The barracks finally closed in 1985 and this picture depicts the Light Brigade parading for the last time.

The barracks are now residential apartments.

The original of this picture is hanging in the Headquarters Officers' Mess of the Adjutant General's Corps at Worthy Down. The painting was commissioned to celebrate the Freedom Parade through Winchester in 2008. Notable Winchester buildings and landmarks which were passed by on the march can be seen in the picture, irrespective of their positions in the City.

The Royal Army Pay Corps was formed in 1878 to distribute pay and allowance to all ranks in the army including their wives and dependents. The title of

Royal was bestowed for services during the Peninsula War. In 1992 it was merged with the Corps of Royal Military Police, the Military Provost Staff Corps, The Royal Army Educational Corps and the Army Legal Corps to form the Adjutant General’s Corps.

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King's Royal Hussars‘ Freedom Parade

James Cooke, Winchester Merchant

Oil on canvas by Clare Goodman, June 2006

Unknown artist, around 1780

reproduced with kind permission of the artist located on third floor This painting was commissioned by Major Dougie Covill a former Mayor and Hussar and presented to the City to celebrate the Freedom of Entry granted to the Hussars in 2006. The 10th Royal Hussars’ Home Headquarters first opened in Winchester in 1963 and, following amalgamation with the 11th Hussars in 1969, the new Royal Hussars Regiment established its headquarters at Peninsula Barracks.

located on third floor James Cooke was a local merchant who in the 18th century joined forces with William Meader and John Moody to break the monopoly that was held on the Itchen Navigation. This made the navigation available as a means of transporting goods for everyone. The now redundant navigation ran from Southampton to Winchester and was intended as a means of transporting goods such as coal.

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King Alfred and the Danes Oil painting on canvas by Andrew Brown

Cromwell’s Troops entering Winchester from the South

Donaldson, around 1890

Oil painting on canvas by George Arnald,

located on back stair

around 1810

This picture shows the Danish leader King Guthrum being baptised with King Alfred standing by as his sponsor. Guthrum and thirty of his followers had agreed to be baptised after being defeated by Alfred at Edington in 878. That winter had seen the kingdom of Wessex under King Alfred nearly defeated by the Danes. The legend of Alfred having burnt the cakes dates from this time when Alfred was hiding from the Danes and rebuilding his army prior to the battle at Edington.

located on back stair

King Alfred and the Danes

Cromwell’s Troops entering Winchester from the South

This view of Oliver Cromwell’s troops shows them entering Winchester from the south, the vantage point being on the Compton road. Notable landmarks are the Cathedral and St Cross Church in the centre of the picture. Winchester Castle is shown on the top left hand side of the horizon.

Oliver Cromwell arrived at Winchester on Sunday 28th September 1645 with an army estimated to have been 7,000 strong supported by artillery. When the commander of the castle refused to surrender Cromwell laid siege to the castle and took it after less than a week of bombardment.

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The Children of the Thirteenth Marquess Oil painting on canvas by Thomas Stewardson, around 1812 located on front stair

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This painting shows the seven children of the 13th Marquess of Winchester and his wife Anne, whose portraits are also to be seen on this stairway.

John Paulet, Earl of Wiltshire and 14th Marquess of Winchester (1801–1887) John succeeded to the title on the death of his father in 1843 and was the father of both the 15th Marquess, and the 16th who married Bapsy whose portrait can be seen on the first floor.

Charles Paulet, Rev. (1802–1870) Charles followed a career in the church and was the Vicar of Wellesbourne, Warwickshire and the Prebendary (a clergy administrator) of Salisbury Cathedral. One of Charles’ great-grandsons became the 17th Marquess when the 16th died childless in 1962. A great-great-grandson of

Charles went on to become the 18th and present Marquess.

George Paulet, Admiral (1803–1879) Entered the Royal Navy and rose through the ranks to end his career as an admiral. George Paulet commanded a ship at the siege of Sevastopol during the Crimea War and was briefly notorious for occupying the Hawaiian Islands in 1843.

William Paulet, Field Marshall (1804–1893) Started his military career as an ensign and had risen to lieutenant-colonel by 1843. He served in the Crimea and was present at the Battles of Alma, Balaklava, Inkerman and Sevestopol. He was then given command of the Bosporus at Gallipoli and the Dardanelles, putting him in charge of the hospitals that Florence Nightingale set up. Upon his return to

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England William became one of the first officers to command at Aldershot Camp from 1856 to 1860 and was commander of the south-western district from 1860 to 1865. William was promoted field marshal in 1886 and died unmarried in 1893.

Frederick Paulet, Lieutenant-General (1810–1871) Comptroller (supervisor of financial records) and Equerry (personal attendant) to HRH the Duchess of Cambridge.

Cecelia Paulet (d.1890) Married Rear Admiral William Ramsden Annabella Paulet (d.1855) Married Sir Charles des Voeux

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Fifth Marquess of Winchester, Sir John Paulet (1598 – 1675) by unknown artist but copied from Van Dyke's portrait in Hackwood Park located on front stair

A loyal royalist and devoted Catholic, Sir Paulet lived through the English Civil War. Known as the Defender of Basing House, his fortified home, the Marquess held the last remaining royalist defence in Hampshire during the Civil War. Basing House was besieged on three occasions during the war, the third starting in August 1645. The house finally fell in October 1645 when Oliver Cromwell joined the siege.

Declared a traitor by Parliament, the Marquess was allowed to flee to France. He returned to England in 1660 and lived in his wife’s property Englefield House, Berkshire, until his death in 1675.

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Lancelot Thorpe (around 1571 – 1635) Oil painting on canvas by an unknown artist, around 1700 located on front stair Lancelot Thorpe was the son of Thomas Thorpe, an arrow maker and was both Town Clerk and Mayor of Winchester. Thorpe was an attorney by profession but was also granted the lease of the George Hotel and owned the Royal Oak. Thorpe was married to Jane Cole the daughter of another mayor, Edward Cole, whose portrait also hangs in the Guildhall.

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Charles Paulet, 13th Marquess of Winchester (1765 – 1843) Oil painting on canvas by Thomas Stewardson, around 1815 located on front stair

Charles was educated at Eton and Clare College Cambridge and served as an ensign in the First Regiment of Footguards from 1784 – 86. He then went onto serve as the MP for Truro from 1792 – 96 before returning to the military as a lieutenantcolonel in the Hampshire Militia. In 1800 Charles was made Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire, the same year as he inherited the title of 13th Marquess. In 1812 Charles became Groom of the Stole to King George III and remained so under George IV and William IV. The Groom of the Stole, while having its origins as the groom responsible for the royal commode, was an influential position as the holder was a confidant of the monarch.

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Charles Shaw-Lefevre, The First Viscount Eversley (1794-1888) Oil painting on canvas by Charles Augustus Mornewick, 1857 located on front stair

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Charles Shaw-Lefevre was the eldest son of Charles Shaw and Helena, the daughter of John Lefevre of Heckfield Place, Hartfordbridge, Hampshire. Charles was educated at Winchester College and Trinity College, Cambridge and although he was called to the Bar he practiced as a lawyer very little. In 1830 he entered Parliament, initially representing Downton in Wiltshire and then Northern Hampshire.

In 1839 he was elected Speaker of the House of Commons and remained in the post until he retired from the Commons and was raised to the peerage as Viscount Eversley. At the time of his death he was Father of the House of Lords. Eversley was High Steward of Winchester and it was in this role that he laid the foundation stone of this building in 1871.

Anne, wife of the Thirteenth Marquess of Winchester Oil painting on canvas by Thomas Stewardson, around 1815 located on front stair Anne was the daughter of John and Elizabeth Andrews of Shotley Hall, near Shotley Bridge, Northumberland and married the 13th Marquess in 1800.

We know very little about the family other than that Anne’s sister, Sarah, was married to Colonel Erskine, Lieutenant-Governor of New South Wales, Australia from 1817-1823.

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If you would like to know more about any of the pictures in Guildhall Winchester contact Ross Turle, the Curator of Recent History on 01962 848 194 and rturle@winchester.gov.uk

Guildhall

W W

Further information about the art collection can be found at www.winchestermuseumcollections.org.uk for more information on Guildhall Winchester see below

WINCHESTER MUSEUMS

Further information

Winchester

Broadway, High Street, Winchester, Hampshire SO23 9GH Tel: 01962 840 820 Email: guildhall@winchester.gov.uk Web: www.guildhallwinchester.co.uk

Winchester City Council art store