The road to democracy Every year, the World’s Children’s Prize Program ends with you conducting your own democratic Global Vote. Take a journey through time, charting the rise of democracy in our world. What is democracy? You and your friends probably have similar opinions on some issues, but completely different views on other issues. Perhaps you are able to listen to one another and discuss the issue until you arrive at a solution that everyone accepts. If so, you are in agreement and have reached a consensus. Sometimes you have to agree to disagree. Then the majority – the biggest group – gets to decide. This is called democracy. In a democracy, all individuals should have equal worth and equal rights. Everyone should be able to express their opinions and influence decisions. The opposite of a democracy is a dictatorship. That’s when everything is decided by just one person or a small group of people and nobody is allowed to protest. In a democracy, everyone should be able to make their voices heard, but compromise is necessary and decisions are made by voting. Direct democracy is when you vote on a particular issue; for example, when children decide who should receive the World’s Children’s Prize. Another example is when a country holds a referendum on a certain issue. Most democratic countries are governed by a representative democracy. This is when the citizens choose individuals to act as their representatives – politicians – to govern the country according to what the citizens want. Throughout the ages people have gathered together to make decisions, in a group or village, perhaps about hunting or farming. Some groups have rituals when making joint decisions. Sometimes an object, such as a feather, is passed round, and whoever is holding the feather is allowed to speak.
Joint decisions
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The birth of the word ‘democracy’ The word democracy came into being in 508 BC, derived from the Greek words demos (people) and kratos (power). The citizens of Greece had to climb a stair to give their opinion on important issues. If they couldn’t reach an agreement, they would vote on the issue by a show of hands. Only men had the right to vote at this time. Women, slaves and foreigners were not considered citizens and are not allowed a say in any such decisions.
508 BC
1700s
Autocratic rulers of the 1700s In the 1700s, most countries are ruled by autocratic leaders. Countries in Europe were ruled by kings and emperors, who might just ignore the will of the people. But some thinkers were interested in ancient ideas that all individuals are born free and equal, with rights. They questioned why some groups in society should have more power and wealth than others. Some criticised the oppression by the rulers and believed that if people had more knowledge they would protest against the injustice in society.
No women or slaves In 1789, the first constitution of the United States of America was written. It stated that the people should have power over decisions in society, and that individuals should have the right to say and think whatever they want. However, the constitution did not apply to women or slaves.
1789
Voice of the rich 1789 was the year the French Revolution began. The people demanded freedom and equality. The ideas behind the Revolution spread across Europe and influenced the development of society. But it was still the case that only men were considered citizens. And what's more; often the only men who were allowed to vote and become politicians were rich ones who owned land and buildings.
First democracy in Africa
Women demand voting rights
In 1957, Ghana in West Africa gained independence from its colonial ruler, Great Britain. Kwame Nkrumah became the first leader of the country. The colonisation of Africa, Asia and Latin America had begun hundreds of years previously. The great powers of Europe had sent out soldiers and explorers, to occupy land, steal natural resources, and turn people into slaves.
In the late 1800s, more and more women were demanding the right to vote in political elections. In 1906, Finland was the first country in Europe to give women the vote. Sweden and the UK followed suit in 1921. In most of the other countries in Europe, Africa and Asia, women were not allowed to vote until 1945, or even later.
Equal rights for all
MUSEUM OF LONDON
The UN’s Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted. The declaration states that all individuals are of equal worth, and that they share the same freedoms and rights.
1856
1921
First secret ballot In 1856, the world’s first secret ballot was held in Tasmania, Australia, using ballot papers with the candidates’ names printed on them.
1947
1948
World’s biggest democracy In 1947, India liberates itself from the British Empire and becomes the biggest democracy in the world. The fight for freedom is led by Mahatma Gandhi, who believes in resisting oppression without violence.
1955
1957
Equal rights in the USA In 1955 a woman called Rosa Parks, who was black, refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man. Rosa was fined, because in the American South black people did not have the same rights as white people. They were not allowed to go to the same schools as white children, and sometimes they were not allowed to vote. Civil rights champion Martin Luther King started a boycott of the bus company. This marked the beginning of a protest movement across the USA, against racism and for freedom and equal rights.
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THE WORL D’S CHILD REN’S PRIZE FOR THE RIGHT S OF THE CHILD
THE WORL D’S CHILD REN’S PRIZE FOR THE RIGHT S OF THE CHILD
THE WORL D’S CHILD REN’S
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The children’s democratic Global Vote
The Arab Spring
UN Convention on the Rights of the Child adopted The United Nations General Assembly adopted the Convention on the Rights of the Child. It states that every child has the right to express his or her opinion and to be respected.
1989
In 2010, a poor young man in Tunisia set himself on fire when his vegetable cart was confiscated by the police. When news of his death spread, hundreds of thousands of unhappy people demonstrated against the dictator who ruled the country. People in neighbouring countries were inspired, and the dictatorships in Egypt and Libya were overthrown. Today, these new democracies are extremely fragile, and several of the countries where the Arab Spring gained a foothold are experiencing major problems.
1994
2010
In 2018 and 2019, the World’s Children’s Prize program will take place for the eighteenth time. So far over 42 million children have learned about their rights and democracy – knowledge needed by every new generation. It helps you and your friends, throughout your lives, to build a society where democracy is strengthened and children’s rights and human rights are respected. Once you have learned all about the rights of the child, and the contributions of the Child Rights Heroes, it’s time to prepare for the democratic Global Vote. Your vote is your decision. No one should tell you who to vote for. The candidate who receives the majority of the votes will receive the 2019 World’s Children’s Prize for the Rights of the Child!
2015
New Global Goals Although more countries than ever before have introduced democracy, people are still suffering as a result of injustices and oppression. So in 2015, world leaders in the UN agreed to work towards for 17 new Global Goals for a better, fairer world.
Voting rights for everyone in South Africa In 1994, Nelson Mandela became South Africa’s first democratically-elected president. He had been in prison for 27 years for his fight against the country’s racist apartheid system, which separated people according to the colour of their skin. The election of Mandela was the first time that all South Africans were able to participate in an election on equal terms.
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2018–2019