Guava
Cultivation FROM SEED TO FRUIT COMPLETE CROP INFORMATION
Guava Cultivation Process
Some knowledgeable facts about Guava Guava is tropical fruit that belongs to the myrtle family. Exact origin of guava is unknown. Researchers believe that it originates from Central America and Mexico. There are around 150 species of guava that can be found in tropical and sub-tropical areas around the world. Strawberry guava and apple guava are invasive species of guava. There are dozens of varieties of guavas being grown in the world today; and depending on the variety, a guava fruit can be round, oval or pear-shaped. Peel colour may range from green to yellow and the pulp can be white, yellow, pink or red. Small, browncolored seeds can be found in the center of the fruit, although seedless varieties have been developed in recent years. Ripe guavas give off a fragrant aroma and have strong avour. To enjoy guavas, you can eat them fresh like apples or combine guava slices with other salad ingredients. TNutrition-wise, guavas may be one of the healthiest fruits. In fact, it has been dubbed by nutritionists as a “super fruit.� It provides more than 600% of the daily requirement of Vitamin C, which can help the body ward off infections as well as minimize cell damage done by free radicals. In addition, the ber in guavas contributes to a healthy digestive system. Other nutrients that can be obtained from eating guavas include Vitamin A, B-complex vitamins, various minerals, antioxidants and avonoids that are not only anti-aging but aids in the prevention of diseases.
2
www.hpmindia.com
About Guava Cultivation
Farming requires the dedication of many of our natural resources, including land, water, and climate. So let’s talk about these important points. Farmers need natural resources , such as land, air, nutrients, water and sunlight for heathy crop. Every crop is highly dependent on the climate. Climate affects all components of crop production. The second key component is soil. It is a key element of agriculture. without it we wouldn´t be able to grow plants, which are used as food for both humans and animals.
Like climate or soil Water is also very important for both livestock and for plants. It forms a large part of all plant tissues as well as being an essential component of all animal body cells. In crop agriculture, water is an important climatic factor. It affects or determines plant growth .
And the last process is harvesting. It is the process of gathering a ripe crop from the elds. For maximum vase life of cut guava, harvest guava daily at their proper stage of development. Harvesting too early or too late sign reduces the vase life of the fruit. With these sources farmers can easily grow a healthy crop.
3
Guava Cultivation Process
Climate Just like mango, guava is found growing from plains to higher hills owing to its wider adaptability. It takes mild rainy season during fruit maturity and ripening just like mango. More rains in a year may lead to profuse growth with decreased productivity. It can tolerate mild frost in winter and drought in summer. It requires dry climate condition at the time of owering.
4
www.hpmindia.com
Soil
Guava is considered to be hardy fruit crop. It is not very choosy for soil.
It can grow well in slightly alkaline and poor soils. For good growth of trees well d ra i n e d s a n d y loams to clay loams with 6.5 to 8.5 pH are best suited
5
Guava Cultivation Process
Planting Guava is usually planted as compact blocks at a distance of 7 m apart and thus require 196 plants on square system and 216 on hexagonal system of planting.
But it is also being planted as a ller in litchi and mango orchards, thus number of plants shall vary according to the planting distance of the main fruit crop. Guava being evergreen can be transplanted in both the seasons, i.e, rainy season August to October and spring February- March. Care should be taken while removing the earth balls, that tap root of the rootstock should be cut on a depth of at least 20-25 cm.
In case of vegetatively propagated plants all roots should be excavated. Guava can also be planted bare rooted during September-October. In this case plants may be defoliated at the time of removal from the nursery and roots covered with moist trash (paddy trash) and packed with gunny cloth to check transpiration. 6
www.hpmindia.com
Irrigation The newly-planted guava plants should be given irrigation at an interval of a week during summer and 15-20 days during winter. The bearing trees should be given irrigation at interval of 10-15 days in summer and 15-20 days in winter depending upon the type of soil and its water holding capacity. The modi ed basin system of irrigation should be preferred over ood irrigation. No water should stagnate as it causes root rot. During frosty nights light irrigation should be applied.
7
Guava Cultivation Process
About Pest & Disease
8
About 80 species of insects have been recorded on guava trees, affecting yield and quality of fruits. Of these, less than 20 species occupy the status of major potential and minor pests. Rests of them are casual feeders.
www.hpmindia.com
The fruit y is the most destructive insect in the production of guava, particularly during rainy season. Ovipositional damage in the form of minute depressions may be seen from outside. Fruit soften at the site of infestation. The affected fruits rot and drop down prematurely. Ovipositional apertures lead to secondary infection by several pathogens.
Fruit Fly
The infestation of this pest may be identi ed by the presence of irregular tunnels and patches covered with silken web consisting of excreta and chewed up wood particles on the shoots, branches, stem and main trunk. Shelter holes may also be seen particularly at the joints of shoots and branches. The young shoots dry and die away giving sickly look to the plant
Bark- Eating Caterpillar
The pomegranate butter y, D. isocrates is a main pest of pomegranate, but recently infestation of this pest has been reported increasing in guava growing regions of Uttar Pradesh and other places in North India. The attack of this pest occurs in fruiting season both in rainy and winter season crops. The violet brown female butter y lays shiny, white eggs singly on calyx of owers and fruits.
Fruit borers
This borer is another polyphagous insect, larvae of which damage fruits of guava. It is a primarily a pest of castor but also attacks guava, and other fruits and forest trees and occasionally cause serious damage. Larvae of this moth mainly bore fruits but they may also bore buds and tender shoots. The mature larva is pinkish in colour, speckled with minute black spots, measuring about 1.5 cm in length.
Castor capsule borer
9
Guava Cultivation Process
The disease generally occurs on green fruits and rarely on leaves. The rst evidence of infection on fruit is the appearance of minute, brown or rust coloured, unbroken, circular, necrotic areas, which in advanced stage of infection; tears open the epidermis in a circinate manner.
Canker Alga infects immature guava leaves during early spring ush. Minute, shallow brown velvety lesions appear on leaves and as the disease progresses, the lesions enlarge to 2-3 mm in diameter. On leaves the spots may vary form specks to big patches. They may be crowded or scattered. Leaf tips, margins or areas near the mid vein are most often infected
Algal leaf and Fruit Spot
Sooty mould proliferates in abundance on the foliage of guava, subsisting on the honeydew secreted by scale insects, aphids, white ies and mealy bugs. Symptoms consist of blackish brown velvety thin membranous covering on the leaves. In severe cases, the foliage appears black due to heavy The affected leaves curl and shrivel under dry conditions.
Sooty mould
The visible disease symptom is the discoloration in the region lying just below and adjoining the persistent calyx. Such area gradually increases in size and turn dark brown. Later the affected area becomes soft. Along with the discoloration of epicarp, the mesocarp tissue also shows discoloration and the diseased area is marked by being pulpy and light brown in colour in contrast to the bright white colour of the healthy area of the mesocarp
Stylar end rot
10
www.hpmindia.com
Solution HPM is a highly focused research driven agrochemical company. Every day HPM touches thousand of lives. At HPM, we want make agriculture better for farmers and families. we pledge to do so in a transparent and sustainable way. In future we will domore than treat agricultural problems—we will aim to make a remarkable impact on farmer’s lives.
11
Guava Cultivation Process
24 KARAT
24 KARAT
Dose : 1.2-2 ml in ltr of water
24 Karat is unique combination of Sea weed extracts and GA . Gibberellic Acid acts synergistically with plant metabolism and accelerates the growth functions of the plant. Also improves the physiological efficiency of the crop by stimulating the hormonal and enzymatic activities and increases the yield and quantity of the crop produce. 24 Karat mobilizes reserves in seed to germinating point leading to breaking of seed dormancy and faster germination 24 Karat stimulates cell division and elongation that causes internodes to stretch leading to better growth of the plant. Improves taste and quality of fruits , and enhances their marketability specific to crop. Improves photosynthesis and plant metabolism, Improves leaf area and root system. Regulates GA: ABA ratio leading to less flower and fruit drop. It increases stem length in flowers grown for export.
12
www.hpmindia.com
HPM GOLD 4 kg / acre HPM GOLD is unique product containing microbes as Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM) and has broad spectrum action in granular form. It contains granular spores and other propagules of VAM Mycorrhizal Fungi in a granular carrier and has broad spectrum fertilizer activity. Due to high solubility in water it is absorbed rapidly through plants and roots, resulting maximum supply of compost and micronutrient to the crop. roots growth with excellent root setting, resulting greenness by vanishing yellowing in crop. It helps in greater utilization of nutrients, and provides plant protection from disease causing organism to the root and also makes insect resistant plant. It is completely safe to use HPM Gold. It also combats with the drought and stress loss by the crop. Its mycelial threads penetrate inward into the root, thereby increasing the surface area for absorption and translocation of essential plant nutrients including Phosphorus, Nitrogen, Sulphur, Calcium, Zinc and copper.
13
Guava Cultivation Process
AASRA Dose : 5 ml in 15 ltr of water Aasra solution spreads quickly, and provides enhanced spreading of agrochemicals on the leaf surfaces and leads to better spray coverage, which improves the eďŹƒcacy of the agrochemical used. It is when added to spray water tank lowers the tension of spray water on leaf surface, which promotes the better spreading and penetration of Agro product. Aasra is compatible with mostagrochemical formulations and can be used on awide variety of crops. It has improved deposition of the agro product which enhances its coverage and retention on foliage. It ensures the solution doesn't wash o even after immediate rain. Aasra is designed in such a way that it ensures proper wetting of leaf surface, which makes the pesticide or agro product uptake and absorption rapidly by the plant. It ensures the proper penetration of the agrochemical product into the plant by reducing the droplet sizes of the spray. It is suggested to uses Aasra with agrochemicals at0.025%-0.1% dose.
14
www.hpmindia.com
HINDUSTAN M-45 Dose : 20 gm / tree It is a broad-spectrum fungicide with protective action. The product is fungi toxic when exposed to air. Broad spectrum disease control - Control diseases caused by all four major classes . Kind of fungicides - Foliar sprays, seed treatment, nursery drenching. Fit for resistance management - Multisite mode of action, the risk of resistance development is very low. Cost eective - Cost beneďŹ ts for disease control over non-EBDCs. Provide nutrients Manganese and Zinc as micro nutrients. Environmentally Safe - Low persistence in environment as it rapidly degrades is soil and water, no leaching potential.
20 gm / tree
Dose : 4 kg / Acre
Fruit Rot
15
Guava Cultivation Process
Harvesting Guava fruit is climacteric in nature. It can be picked when mature, light green in colour and rm. It ripens during transport on reaching the market and gives excellent colour and taste.
The contractors usually harvest the fruit when ripe or nearly ripe for direct sale to the consumers. Few leaves or small branches if kept with the fruits make the fruit attractive and trees get light pruning. For distant marketing this practice should be discouraged.
16
www.hpmindia.com
Post Harvesting
Ripe guava fruits are perishable in nature. Fully mature, light green and rm fruit are harvested and placed in shade in a verandah for grading and packing. For packing cartoons of 4 to 10 kg size are preferred over the bamboo baskets of different size. Guava fruit can be kept at room temperature for a week in perforated polythene bags during winter and for three weeks in cartoons in commercial cold storage at 5-10°C and RH of 85-90 percent.
17
HPM Chemicals & Fertilizers Ltd.