Papaya Cultivation
FROM SEED TO FRUIT COMPLETE CROP INFORMATION
Papaya Cultivation Process
About Papaya
The papaya is the fruit of the Carica Papaya tree. It is native to southern Mexico and Central America and is now cultivated in many tropical regions. The fruit sometimes used to be referred to as a “tree melon.� In Australia it is called Papaw or Paw Paw. Papaya is rich source of vitamins C and vitamins of the B group. It contains beta-carotene which turns into vitamin A inside the human body. Besides vitamins, papaya contains numerous valuable minerals and high content of dietary bers. Papaya is mostly consumed raw. This fruit is popular ingredient of cooked meals such as stews and curries in certain parts of the world. Leaves of papaya are used in treatment of malaria.
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Fruit is used in treatment of digestive disorders. Since it has antiviral properties, papaya can be used in the treatment of Dengue fever (tropical viral disease). When used in medical purposes, papaya can be consumed raw or in the form of ointments and tables.
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About Papaya Cultivation Farming requires the dedication of many of our natural resources, including land, water, and climate. So let’s talk about these important points. Farmers need natural resources , such as land, air, nutrients, water and sunlight for heathy crop. Every crop is highly dependent on the climate. Climate affects all components of crop production. The second key component is soil. It is a key element of agriculture. without it we wouldn´t be able to grow plants, which are used as food for both humans and animals.
Like climate or soil Water is also very important for both livestock and for plants. It forms a large part of all plant tissues as well as being an essential component of all animal body cells. In crop agriculture, water is an important climatic factor. It affects or determines plant growth . And the last process is harvesting. It is the process of gathering a ripe crop from the elds. For maximum vase life of cut guava, harvest guava daily at their proper stage of development. Harvesting too early or too late sign reduces the vase life of the fruit. With these sources farmers can easily grow a healthy crop.
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Papaya Cultivation Process
papaya crops need a high level of humidity and temperature. It is sensitive to frost and heavy rains can cause damage. It can also grow in subtropical areas. Areas near the foothills have been found to be the perfect place for papaya cultivation in India. It can grow well at sea level and up to 600m of altitude from sea level. Above 600m, the fruits decrease in quality. Although the crop favors high levels of humidity for growth, it needs a warm and dry climate for ripening. The roots being shallow, papaya plant cannot withstand strong winds.
Papaya is planted during monsoon, autumn and spring season. It is not planted during winter as the frost can cause damage or injury to the crop. In other words, they are planted during the months of June-July (monsoon), October-November (autumn) or FebruaryMarch (summer). The rst few things to be considered while planting papaya are rain, frost and hot air since all three cause injury to the plant.
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Climate
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Papaya can grow in a variety of soils. However, a rich, sandy loam is ideal for papaya plantation. It can also grow well in alluvial soil which is found along the deltas and river b a n k s . H o w e v e r, i t cannot grow in shallow soils or soils that do not le t wa te r d ra i n o f f easily. A fertile, limefree and well-drained soil is preferred for papaya cultivation.
Soil
A neutral to near neutral soil can be used for papaya cultivation. The pH can be between 5.5 and 7.5.
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Papaya Cultivation Process
Land preparation & Planting Papayas are commercially propagated through seeds. Papaya seeds cannot be stored for long unlike other seeds since they lose their viability quickly. They are rst planted in nurseries in poly-bags. The newly-germinated young seedlings are then transplanted after 6-8 weeks.
The land meant for papaya cultivation must be well-protected from strong winds and must not get waterlogged easily during rains. In case of strong winds, there must be windbreaks around the land. The seeds are rst sown in nurseries and the seedlings are transplanted to the main eld after about 6-8 weeks of growth.. Before transplantation, pits of dimensions 50cm X 50cm X 50cm are dug a month and lled with farm yard manure, organic waste and soil. 2-3 seedlings are transplanted per pit. When the plants start owering only one plant per pit should be kept. In order to avoid weeds, hoeing is done regularly for the rst year. Once the plants start owering, only 10% male plants are kept scattered in the orchard while the rest are removed.
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Water requirement for papaya depends on the environmental factors of the area like light, temperature, rainfall, wind, soil type, etc. It also differs with the age of the plant. A young papaya plant would need more moisture than the older trees. This is because older trees have slower vegetative growth. Hence the seedlings are irrigated once or twice a week while fruit bearing trees need irrigation once in every 15 days. Older trees need ample water. However, they cannot tolerate stagnated water or water logging since their roots are shallow and not deep. It results in ‘wet feet’ and lower fruit yield. That’s why drip irrigation in papaya plantation is a good practice. During winter, papaya must be irrigated at an interval of 10-12 days while in summer they are watered once a week till the rains begin.
Irrigation 7
Papaya Cultivation Process
About Pest & Disease
Papaya is one of the important quick growing fruit crops. There are some major pests that can cause damage and spoil the production. For the p ro te c t i o n o f p a p aya , p ro p e r identi cation and management of pests should be adopted. 8
Papaya are very susceptible to diseases caused by many microorganisms especially fungi. Fungi can infect the fruit at the following stages: pre harvest, during harvesting, subsequent handling and marketing operations
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Papaya Diseases Powdery Mildew
Leaf- Blight
Foot Rot of Papaya
Anthracnose
Leaf Curl of Papaya
The development of powdery mildew in papaya is promoted by high humidity (80-85%) and a temperature range of 24-26°C. The disease appears as on the foliage and pods. Infection is rst apparent on the leaves as small slightly darkened areas, which later become white powdery spots.
The disease causes severe damage to leaves. The disease rst appears as small, discoloured lesions, which are irregularly scattered on the leaves. These spots become irregular in shape, then increase in size, and appear brown to grey in colour. A light yellow zone surrounds the spots.
It is a severe disease of papaya. It is characterized by the appearance of water-soaked patches on the stem near the ground level. These patches enlarge rapidly and girdle the stem, causing rotting of the tissues, which then turn dark brown or black. Such affected plants withstand strong wind and topple over and die.
The disease prominently appears on green immature fruits. The disease symptoms are in the form of brown to black depressed spots on the fruits. The initial symptoms are watersoaked, sunken spots on the fruit. The centers of these spots later turn black and then pink when the fungus produces spores.
The disease is transmitted by the vector white y (Bemisia tabaci). Severe curling, crinkling and deformation of the leaves characterize the disease. Mostly the young leaves are affected. Apart from curling the leaves also exhibit vein clearing and thickening of the veins. Sometimes the petioles are twisted.
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Papaya Cultivation Process
Papaya Pests
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Papaya mealy bug
Papaya y
Melon fruit y
Red Spider mite
Grasshopper
Small yellow-white insect that feeds on the sap of papaya and numerous other plants. Feeding causes leaf chlorosis, leaf distortions and can cause early fruit fall. While feeding, the mealy bugs produce honeydew which encourages sooty mould to develop. This reduces the marketability of fruit
The papaya y is a yellowbrown-coloured y that is approximately 8-12.5 mm long with a 11-13.5 mm long ovipositor that attacks papaya fruit. Losses of up to 30% .
The melon fruit y is a 6-8mm long small orange-brown coloured y with distinctive brown spots on its wings. It affects a number of crops including melons, citrus and papaya
Spider mites usually extract the cell contents from the leaves using their long, needle- like mouthpar ts. This results in reduced chlorophyll content in the leaves, leading to the formation of white or yellow speckles on the leaves. In severe infestations, leaves will completely desiccate and drop off. The mites also produce webbing on the leaf surfaces in severe conditions.
Both nymphs and adults suck the sap from the lower leaf surfaces through their piercing and sucking mouthparts. While sucking the plant sap, they also inject toxic saliva into the plant tissues, which leads to yellowing. When several insects suck the sap from the same leaf, yellow spots appear on the leaves, followed by crinkling.
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Solution Our life’s work is to improve agriculture, and we pledge to do so in a transparent and sustainable way.
HPM is a highly focused research driven agrochemical company. Every day HPM touches thousand of lives. At HPM, we want make agriculture better for farmers and families. we pledge to do so in a transparent and sustainable way. In future we will domore than treat agricultural problems—we will aim to make a remarkable impact on farmer’s lives.
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Papaya Cultivation Process
24 KARAT Dose : 1.2-2 ml in ltr of water
24 Karat is unique combination of Sea weed extracts and GA . Gibberellic Acid acts synergistically with plant metabolism and accelerates the growth functions of the plant. Also improves the physiological efficiency of the crop by stimulating the hormonal and enzymatic activities and increases the yield and quantity of the crop produce. 24 Karat mobilizes reserves in seed to germinating point leading to breaking of seed dormancy and faster germination 24 Karat stimulates cell division and elongation that causes internodes to stretch leading to better growth of the plant. Improves taste and quality of fruits , and enhances their marketability specific to crop. Improves photosynthesis and plant metabolism, Improves leaf area and root system. Regulates GA: ABA ratio leading to less flower and fruit drop. It increases stem length in flowers grown for export.
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HPM GOLD 4 kg / acre
HPM GOLD is unique product containing microbes as Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM) and has broad spectrum action in granular form. It contains granular spores and other propagules of VAM Mycorrhizal Fungi in a granular carrier and has broad spectrum fertilizer activity. Due to high solubility in water it is absorbed rapidly through plants and roots, resulting maximum supply of compost and micronutrient to the crop. roots growth with excellent root setting, resulting greenness by vanishing yellowing in crop. It helps in greater utilization of nutrients, and provides plant protection from disease causing organism to the root and also makes insect resistant plant. It is completely safe to use HPM Gold. It also combats with the drought and stress loss by the crop. Its mycelial threads penetrate inward into the root, thereby increasing the surface area for absorption and translocation of essential plant nutrients including Phosphorus, Nitrogen, Sulphur, Calcium, Zinc and copper.
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Papaya Cultivation Process
AASRA Dose : 5 ml in 15 ltr of water Aasra solution spreads quickly, and provides enhanced spreading of agrochemicals on the leaf surfaces and leads to better spray coverage, which improves the eďŹƒcacy of the agrochemical used. It is when added to spray water tank lowers the tension of spray water on leaf surface, which promotes the better spreading and penetration of Agro product. Aasra is compatible with mostagrochemical formulations and can be used on awide variety of crops. It has improved deposition of the agro product which enhances its coverage and retention on foliage. It ensures the solution doesn't wash o even after immediate rain. Aasra is designed in such a way that it ensures proper wetting of leaf surface, which makes the pesticide or agro product uptake and absorption rapidly by the plant. It ensures the proper penetration of the agrochemical product into the plant by reducing the droplet sizes of the spray. It is suggested to uses Aasra with agrochemicals at0.025%-0.1% dose.
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HEERA ZINC PLUS 250 gm per acre / 250 ltr. of water Zinc is most important nutrient in all the micro nutrient. It used manly in to improve nutrient growth in Soil. It improves the health and makes greenery in crops.
20 gm / tree
It acts as resistant against disease and gives proper growth
Dose : 4 kg / Acre
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Papaya Cultivation Process
When the fruits are fully grown and start developing a tinge of yellow color at the apex, it is time to harvest them. Another indication of harvesting time is the latex. Once the latex start turning watery instead of being milky, the fruits must be harvested. Not all papaya varieties turn yellow on ripening. Some turn yellow while others remain green even when fully ripe.
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Harvesting
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Post Harvesting At the time of harvest, papayas must not suffer any injuries or blemishes. These can cause a risk of fungal contamination. In that case the fruits would start decaying quickly thus reducing their market value. Since they are perishable fruits, each individual papaya must be wrapped separately in paper and then placed in wooden crates. The crates must be lled with straw, sawdust and other such soft material to protect the papayas from transportation injuries.
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