Awake 2012

Page 1

!"#2 ı ˚ & 6>56

S ,S-T/Z\ +dbS h1aZSYH

ı 5>B ı ˚ ˚ D ) ˚ ˝˚ ( " ı


!"#2 ˚ ˚˙ ı• ˝B 85 >86 >>> ˙ & ) <8

ı˙ ˚ H 7 1h1aZTabn P Z\`Y* 3SbbqH 8 *abV* Z1h1aZ\abT : 1`1,*-S h1aZ\abT ; 1aZTabn P VWph /\ a]`*,3Zn\-\ da]Tfd

5> ıZb1`Z1bD )V Z1 ab*bS

31`b,\p j*f`*^, 58 SW\4,dhZSy a]T, *Wn]TyanV\-\ `T3V* 5: \WS +TWnj1 Z1Y*2 aSW 3SbS 5= ˛*/dY hS ,S]*/\VH \W\,* /qbW* P ]`S`\/ZSy *Y\`bS4*b\` 6> \,SZS 4 dan\-\ a,Tbd 65 \W\/T Wp/S 4*]SbdpbnD *k\ q g1 aV*4*,H 68 TV\WS Z1 ]T4Z\ ab*bS /`d-\Y \-* 6; T/ Z*jSf hSb*hT,

6< \-Wq/ T+WT^D S Y\31 k\an ,S]`*,/*bS -\Y\a1Vad*WT4YH 7> +YT`Vdyb1 d `\/SZZ\Yd V\WT 76 \ZS gTZdpbn \3d Wp+\,


1h1aZTabn P Z\`Y* 3SbbqH ˙1ZT1W1 ]`*gp2 d ,1WSVTy b\`O -\,1WnZTy V\Y]*ZT^ , \ZV\Z4TD \WS ,TZ ,T/,T/d,*, e*+`SVd ]\b1ZgTyZ\-\ ]\ab*h*WnZSV*E b\ ,SaW\,S, adYZT,S k\/\ b\-\E hS 4Y\31 g1 ]T/]`S2Yab,\ ,SO `\+WqbS qVTaZSy b\,*` /Wq y\-\ V\Y]*ZT^D T4ZTj1E ]T/ h*a \+T/dE Y1Z1/31` e*+`SVS /*, ˙1ZT1Wd V\Z,1`bD Zn\Yd +d, f*+*` P /1aqbVS bSaqh /\W*`T,D *Vd adYd ˙1ZT1W 4*`\+Wq2 4* `TVD 1 ˙1qVT TY1Z* d gTy a1`T^ ab*b1y 4YTZ1Z\D

˘ S]*/\V 4 ˙1ZT1W\Y Z1]\\/SZ\VSyD \ gTW\Yd a,TbT Z1h1aZTabn 2 ]\,ap/O ZSY q,Sk1YE T g1 ]`S-\W\Yjd2D *O ]`SVW*/E qV ]\V*4dpbn /\VdY1ZbS \/O ZT2^ ad/\,\^ a]`*,SE d ]1`T\/ ,T/ 6>>5 /\ 6>>; `\Vd ,1WSV* TZ/dab`T*WnZ* V\Y]*ZTq d TY1hhSZT /*,*W* f*+*`TE k\+ \b`SY*bS 4*Y\,W1ZZqD dY* f*+*O `T, ab*Z\,SW* ]`S+WS4Z\ YTWnq`/ 2,`\D ˛,Sh*yZ\E Z1/*,ZT -dhZT aV*Z/*WSE ]\,Gq4*ZT 4 ,1WSVSYS V\`]\`*gTqYSE ]\a]`SqWS ]1,ZSY `1e\`Y*YD /Z*V 4*-*W\Y aSbd*gTq ]\-T`jd2bnaqD ˙\O aWT/31ZZqE ]`\,1/1Z1 \`-*ZT4*gT2p w `*Za]1`1ZaT TZb1`Z1jZWx d 6>5> `\gTE ,Sq,SW\E k\ ]\ gTW\Yd a,TbT w4* \ab*ZZT b`S `\VS `T,1Zn V\`d]gT^ 4+TWnjS,aqxD \Yd Z1h1aZTabn ab*W* Z*abTWnVS ]\O jS`1Z\pH S 2 ]1`1,*-S d b\YdE k\+ +dbS h1aZSYH S Y\3WS,\ +dbS h1aZSY d Z1h1aZ\Yd a,TbTH #\ V*31 T+WTqH `\+d/SanI Th1Zn 6>56

7


*abV* Z1h1aZ\abT w 1aZSy +T4Z1a P ]1`13Sb\V YSZdO W\-\E T b\yE fb\ h1aZ\ ,1/1 /TW\,T a]`*,SE ]`S`1h1ZSy Z* Z1,/*hdx L bT,1ZE " MD ]\-\/3d2b1an 4 b*VSY ]\-WqO /\YH *-*b\ fb\ ,,*3*2E k\ Z1h1aO ZTabn ]`SZ\aSbn V\`SabnE ]`SZ*yYZT a]\O h*bVdD \3 Wp/SZ*E qV* Z*Y*-*2bnaq +dbS h1aZ\pE 4Ydj1Z* ]`\bSab\qbS aSWnZ\Yd bSaVdD \4-WqZnY\ /1VTWnV* hSZZSVT,E V\bO `T y\-\ a]`ShSZqpbnD W*aZT +*3*ZZqD \31Z f\bT, +S Y*bS +TWnj1 -`\j1y hS ]`1/Y1bT, `\4V\jTD ÄąE V\WS ,SZSV*2 Z*-\/* \b`SY*bS Z1h1aZSy ]`S+db\VE ]`\bSab\qbS a]\VdaT Z*/4,Sh*yO Z\ ,*3V\D ˘ w) dVW*/*p d-\/S /Wq a,\2^ V\Y]*ZT^D 1ZT h*ab\ ]`\]\Zdpbn f*+*`TE T a]\Vda* Y*bS rW1-VT -`\jTs /d31 aSWnZ*x L `*ZgE WS4nVSy fT/MD \`\bn+* 4* ]`S+db\VD \ab*ZZT `\VS +*-*bn\Y ]T/]`S2YgqY /\,\/Sbnaq ,S3SO ,*bS d aVW*/ZSf 1V\Z\YThZSf dY\,*fD `TY b\-\E ,\ZS Ydaqbn ]`Sab\a\,d,*bSan /\ j,S/V\-\ `\4,SbVd Z\,Sf b1fZ\W\-Ty T 4+TWnj1ZZq `1-T\Z*WnZ\^ b* -W\+*WnZ\^ V\ZVd`1ZgT^D `*gT,ZSVS V\Y]*ZTy Z1`T/V\ ,,*3*pbnE k\ 2/SZ* Y\3WS,Tabn ,T/]\,TO

!"#2

8

/*bS ,SY\-*Y `\+\b\/*,gT, P g1 \+Y*ZpO ,*bSD ˘ w S /dY*WSE k\ g1 +d, 2/SZSy ,SfT/DDD ÄąZ*Vj1 YS ,b`*bSWS + V\Y]*ZTpx L *yZO f*`/ 1V*h1VE *`1jb\,*ZSy 4* f*+*`ZSgbO ,\C w npO•\`V b*yYaxMD SaV 4 +\Vd TZjSfD ]T,]`*gT,ZSVS *+\ VWT2ZbS Y\3dbn TZ\/T a]\ZdVd,*bSE * b\ y ,SY*-*bSE k\+ ,S +`*WS dh*abn d ^fZTf \+\O `d/V*fD ˘ w)V\an Y1Z1/31` \/Z\-\ 4 -\W\,ZSf VWT2ZbT, ]T/Tyj\, /\ Y1Z1 T aV*4*,E k\ q ,b`*hd ,S-T/ZSy V\Zb`*VbE qVk\ Z1 /*Y y\Yd y\-\ r/\WpsE b\+b\ f*+*`*x L•\-*ZE

MD dWnbd`*D /1qVSf VdWnbd`*f TaZd2 b`*/SgTq \+YTZp,*bSan ]\/*`dZV*YS ]T/ h*a /TW\,\^ \]1`*gT^D 1`T/V\ ,1WSVT `\4YTO `S ]\/*`dZV* b* \+ab*,SZSE 4* qVSf y\-\ /*pbnE abS`*pbn Y13d YT3 h1aZSY T Z1h1aO ZSY +T4Z1a\YD +*-*bn\f V`*^Z*f V\`dYO ]\,*ZT hSZ\,ZSVS ,SY*-*pbn -`\jTE ]1`j ZT3 ,SV\Z*bS a,\^ ]`qYT \+\,Gq4VSE T \f\h1 +1`dbn w,SZ*-\`\/dx 4* \a\+WS,T ]\aWd-SD ˘ w *3V\ ,T/`T4ZSbS h*y\,T ,T/ f*+*`*x L TWnqYE \WdY+TqMD 1`1/\,Sk1D *y+TWnj\-\ bSaVd 4*4Z*O pbn bTE fb\ b1`]Sbn V`*yZT 4WS/ZT *+\ 3S,1 d V`*^ZTE qVd `\4`S,*pbn -`\Y*/anVT V\ZeO WTVbSD ˛* b*VSf dY\, Wp/SZ*E V\b`* ,T/O Y\,Wq2bnaq \+Y*Zp,*bS hS V`*abSE ,,*3*O 2bnaq ]\-*ZSY -\/d,*WnZSV\Y aTYG^D ˘ w˙\VS b1+1 Z1 a]TyY*pbn Z* -*`qh\YdE Z1h1aZ* ]\,1/TZV* 2 Z\`Y*WnZ\p b* ]`SO yZqbZ\px L \Y*aTE ˙1Y\V`*bShZ* 1a]d+O WTV* \Z-\MD

Ë›*Z1]*/ h1aZ\abT ]\Vda* ]\,1abSaq Z1h1aZ\ +d,*2 /d31 aSWnZ\pD Ë›* /*ZSYS /\aWT/31ZZqE ]`\,1O

˚• Ë? Ë™ & ) /Wq ,aT2^ `\/SZSD TZ ]\,T/\YWq2 Z\O

,SZSE `\4]\,T/*2 ]`\ Wp/1y 4 `T4ZSf V`*^ZE ,Sa,TbWp2 `1WT-TyZT T Z*dV\,T ]Sb*ZZqE ]\V*4d2E qV Y\3Z* /\W*bS an\-\/ZTjZT ]`\+W1YSD TWnj1 b\-\E d Zn\Yd Z1 bTWnVS

/1b*WnZ\ \+-\,\`ppbnaq ]\b\hZT ]\/T^E * y `\4V`SO ,*2bnaq ^fZ2 a]`*,3Z2 4Z*h1ZZqD 1y h*a\]Sa 4*,3O /S 4*WSj*2bnaq ]\WTbShZ\ Z1yb`*WnZSY T Z1 4,1WShd2

3\/Z\^ `*aS hS Z*gT\Z*WnZ\abTD Z*y-\W\,ZTj1E ,TZ ,a1Wq2 ,]1,Z1ZTabn d b\YdE k\ ,\`1gn Z14*+*`\Y a]\,ZSbn a,\p \+TbZSgp P 4ZSkSbn ZSZTjZp aSab1Yd 4W* b* ,ab*Z\,Sbn YS`ZSy Z\,Sy a,TbD

q ]d+WTV*gTq Z1 /Wq ]`\/*3dD \Z* 2 h*abSZ\p ,a1a,TbZn\^ ]`\-`*YS

+T+WTyZ\^ \a,TbSE qV* ]T/b`SYd2bnaq /\+`\,TWnZSYS ]\31`b,*YSD )Vk\ Z1 ,V*4*Z\ 3\/Z\-\ /31`1W*E ,`1yanVT Sa*ZZq L b*`Sy Ë›*,TbM gSbdpbnaq

4 T+WT^ d ]1`1VW*/T -T2ZV* L,S/*ZZq 6>>6 `\VdME * `SabSqZanVT `1gnO VT Sa*ZZq L \,Sy Ë›*,TbM P 4 w 1`1VW*/d Z\,\-\ a,TbdxD ÄąZjT /31`1W* gSb*bB dWDP ,qb1 SanY\E ]1`1VW*/ dWTj*C P w 1`1VW*/ Z\,\O -\ a,Tbd ,qb\-\ SanY*x L4 ]`SYTbV*YSE *Z-WDMC \YDP ,qb1 SanY\E ]1`1VW*/ \Y1ZV*D Awake! (ISSN 0005-237X) is published monthly by Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.; M. H. Larson, President; G. F. Simonis, Secretary-Treasurer; 25 Columbia Heights, Brooklyn, NY 11201-2483. Periodicals Druck und Verlag: Wachtturm Bibelund Traktat-Gesellschaft der Zeugen Jehovas, e. V., Selters/Taunus. Verantwortliche Redaktion: Ramon Templeton, Selters/Taunus. 5 2012 Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania. aT ]`*,* 4+1`T-*pbnaqD Printed in Germany.

Vol. 93, No. 1

Monthly

UKRAINIAN


*-*b\ Wp/1y b,1`/SbnE k\ +14 \+Y*Zd Z1 /\aq-bS da]Tfd /1Z\-\ a1`1/ +T4Z1aY1ZT, , ,ab`*WT^E = 4 5> \aT+ 4*ad/3dpbn f*+*`ZSgb,\ T V\`d]O gTpE *W1 ,,*3*pbnE k\ gn\-\ b*VS Z1 dZSVO ZdbSD ]Sb*ZT aV*4*WSE k\ -\b\,T ]\`dO jSbS Y\`*WnZT ]`SZgS]S 4*`*/S /\+`\-\ V\Zb`*Vbd hS TZj\^ ,S-\/S /Wq V\Y]*ZT^D /Z*V h*ab\ bTE fb\ ]\,\/Sbnaq Z1h1aO Z\E ,,*3*pbn a1+1 ]\`q/ZSYS Wp/nYSD )V ,\ZS ,S`Tjdpbn g1y Y\`*WnZSy V\ZeO WTVbH 3d`Z*WT w˙3\`Z1W \e Y*`V1bTZ- `TO a1`hx -\,\`SbnaqB w p/S Z1h1aZ\ \b`SYdO pbn ]`S+db\VE *W1 h1aZ\ ]\4+*,Wqpbn a1+1 h1aZ\bSxD #\+ ]\YGqVjSbS /\V\`S adYWTZO ZqE ,\ZS jdV*pbn daTWqVSf ,S]`*,/*Zn b* ]`SY1Zjdpbn \+Y*ZD

`SYT`\YE V\WS -\,\`qbn ]`\ Z1h1aZTabnE b\ Z1 Z*4S,*pbn `1hT a,\^YS TY1Z*YSD \O -\an \+/d`SbS \4Z*h*2 wZ*-`TbSxE * Z1h1aZ1 ]\,\/31ZZq , +T4Z1aT Z*4S,*pbn w]`SZgSO ]\Y V\ZVd`1ZgT^xD *+*` Z1`T/V\ \]Sadpbn qV w,/qhZTabnx *+\ wh*y\,TxD ˙1fb\ ,S]`*,/\,d2 adYZT,Zd ]\,1/TZVdE /*phS ,W*aZ1 ,S4Z*h1ZZq h1aZ\abTD \YE qVSy ]`*gp2 d eTZ*Za\,Ty ae1`TE 4*d,*O 3d2B w˙Wq Wp/1y bS h1aZSy /\bSE /\VS b1O

+1 Z1 ]\V*`*WSE T ZTfb\ Z1 +1`1 /\ d,*-S Y\`*WnZSy +TV a]`*,SxD ˙1y,T/E V\WSjZTy */YTZTab`*b\` eT`YSE V*31B w +Y*Z 4*adO

w˙Wq Wp/1y bS h1aZSy /\bSE /\VS b1+1 Z1 ]\V*`*WSE T ZTfb\ Z1 +1`1 /\ d,*-S Y\`*WnZSy +TV a]`*,Sx /3dpbnE V\WS y\-\ ,SV`Sb\E *W1 ,TZ ]`SO yZqbZSyE qVk\ af\/Sbn 4 `dVD SfE V\Yd ,/*2bnaq dZSVZdbS ]\V*`*ZZqE ,,*3*pbn ,SZ*fT/WS,SYS `\4dYZSV*YSxD *-*b\ Wp/1y Z*,Tbn b,1`/SbnE k\ +14 \+O Y*Zd Z1 /\aq-bS da]TfdD T4Z1aY1Z 4 +*-*O b\`ThZSY ab*31Y -\,\`SbnB w˙df V\ZVd`1ZO gT^ a]\ZdVd2 Wp/1y /dY*bSE k\ \b`SY*bS `\+\bd aWT/ +d/nOqV\p gTZ\pxD S g1 b*VH Y\31E bTE fb\ ,S]`*,/\,d2 Z1h1aZTabnE w\+Y*Zppbn a*YT a1+1 e*WnjS,SYS YT`VdO ,*ZZqYSxH L)V\,* 5B66MD \4-WqZnY\ ]1`1O ,*-S h1aZ\^ ]\,1/TZVSE qVT \+-\,\`ppbnaq , Z*abd]ZTy ab*bbTD

Äą Äą &"Ëš Äą ĹĹ # Ë› O Ë™ ˚˛ " Ëš Ë™ " Ëš ) Äą ĹĹH `\aSY\ Z*/TaW*bS a,\2

Ë™ & ) B *W+*ZanV*E *Yf*`anV*E *Z-WTyanV*67E *`*+anV*E *e`SV*ZaE +1Y+*E +T`Y*ZanV*E +TaW*Y*E +\W-*`anV*E ,G2bZ*YanO V*E ,T`Y1ZanV*E -TZ/TE -`1gnV*E -`d4SZanV*E -d/3*`*bTE /*banV*7E 1,1E 1aO b\ZanV*E 2,`1yanV* LT,`SbME 4dWdE T+\E TW\V*ZanV*E TZ/\Z14TyanV*E TaW*Z/anV*E Ta]*ZanV*67E Tb*WTyanV*67E y\`d+*E V*Z*/*E VS`-S4nV*E VSb*yanV*7 L*d/T\4*O ]Sa bTWnVS Y*Z/*`SZanV\p Y\,\pME VSb*yanV* La]`\k1Z1 ]SanY\ME VTZnqO `d*Z/*E VT`dZ/TE V\`1yanV*67E V\a*E W*bSanV*E WSb\,anV*E W\4TE Y*V1/\ZanO V*E Y*W*-*aTyanV*E Y*W*qW*YE Y*WnbTyanV*E Z-*W*E ZT/1`W*Z/anV*67E ZTY1gnV*67E Z\`,14nV*67E ]1/TE ]1Z/3*+anV*E ]\WnanV*67E ]\`bd-*WnanO V*687E `*`\b\Z-*E `\aTyanV*67E `dYdZanV*E a*Y\*E a1+d*ZanV*E a1`+anV*E a1adb\E aSZ-*WnanV*E aW\,*gnV*E aW\,1ZanV*E ad*fTWTE b*-*WnanV*7E b*yanV*E b*YTWnanV*E b,TE b\VO]TaSZE b\Z-*ZanV*E ba,*Z*E ba\Z-*E bd`1gnV*E d-\`anV*E

dV`*^ZanV*E d`/dE eT/3TyanV*E eTZanV*7E e`*Zgd4nV*687E fTWT-*yZ\ZE f\`,*bO anV*E h1anV*7E hSh1,*E hTb\Z-*E j,1/anV*7E j\Z*E q]\ZanV*67D

]`\f*ZZq ,T/V*Y -\,S Z* \/Zd 4 ,T/]\,T/ZSf */`1aE ]\/*ZSf ZS3h1D \,ZSy ]1`1WTV */`1a /S,Tbnaq Z* a*ybT www.watchtower.org/addressD `-1ZbSZ*B Casilla 83 (Suc 27B), C1427WAB Cdad. Aut. de Buenos Aires. TW\`danB 66>>7>E SZaVE *Nq =D

1WSV\+`Sb*ZTqB The Ridgeway, London NW7 1RN. Äą4`*^WnB PO Box 29345, 61293 Tel Aviv. ´ Äąa]*ZTqB Apartado 132, 28850 Torrejon de Ardoz (Madrid). Äąb*WTqB Via della Bufalotta 1281, I-00138 Rome RM. *Z*/*B PO Box ˘ 4100, Georgetown, ON L7G 4Y4. \W/\,*E 1a]d+WTO V*B PO Box 472, MD-2005 Chisin ¸ au. TY1hhSZ*B 65617 Selters. \Wnk*B ul. Warszawska 14, 05-830 Nadarzyn. \`bd-*WTqB Apartado 91, P-2766-955 Estoril. \aTqB *Nq 5<6E *ZVbO 1b1`+d`-E 5=>>>>D " B 25 Columbia Heights, Brooklyn, NY 11201-2483.

V`*^Z*B *Na =99E n,T,O `pf\,ShTE ;=8=5D `*ZgTqB BP 625, F-27406 Louviers Cedex. 1fTqB PO Box 90, 198 00 Prague 9.

6 *V\3 CDD 8 *V\3 MP3 CD-ROMD 7 d/T\4*]SaS b*V\3 /\abd]ZT Z* www.jw.org.

¨ ¨ ¨ Mitteilung gemaĂ&#x; § 5 Abs. 2 des Hessischen Gesetzes uber Freiheit und Recht der Presse: Die Mittel fur die Herausgabe dieser Zeitschrift werden von der Wachtturm Bibel- und Traktat-Gesellschaft der Zeugen Jehovas, e. V., Selters/Taunus, aufgebracht.


gp `\+\bdE `\+\b\/*,gT /\`dhSWS ^^ a*Y1 Y1ZTE b\Yd k\ /\,T`qWSxD

1`1,*-S h1aZ\abT w WT+ 4 Z1]`*,/S a\W\/VSy Wp/SZTE b* ]TaV\Y ]\bTY +d/dbn Z*]\,Z1ZT dab* ^^x L `S]\,Tab1y 6>B5;MD

ı ,/*,*bSan /\ Z1h1aZ\aO bTE k\+ /\aq-bS da]Tfd , +T4Z1aTH TD TWnj b\-\E Z1h1aZTabn 4`1jb\p ]`SZ\O aSbn 4+SbVSD \b ]\`q/ZTabn ]\`\/3d2 /\,T`dE qV* 2 VWph1Y /\ b`S,*W\-\ daO ]TfdD TZZTabn /\,T`S S Y\31b1 gn\-\ Z1 da,T/\YWp,*bSE *W1 qVk\ ,*a 4Z*pbn qV h1aZd Wp/SZdE g1 a]`Sq2 da]TfdD an ]`SVW*/ `*Zg*E ]`\ qV\-\ 4-*/d,*W\aq d ]\]1`1/ZTy ab*bbTD

S Y\31b1 gn\-\ Z1 da,T/\YWp,*bSE *W1 qVk\ ,*a 4Z*pbn qV h1aZd Wp/SZdE g1 a]`Sq2 da]Tfd w \WS q ]\h*, ]`*gp,*bS , V\Y]*ZT^EP V*31 h\W\,TVEP Y\p ]\`q/ZTabn T h1aO ZTabn ]1`1,T`qWSE *W1 q ]`\ g1 Z1 4Z*,D

T4ZTj1 q /\,T/*,aqE k\ ,Sb`SY*, ]1`1O ,T`VdD `14dWnb*bT Y1ZT /\,T`SWS ,*3WSO ,TjT \+\,Gq4VS T /*WS +TWnj1 a,\+\/SD W*aZSVS V\Y]*ZT^ ,SZ*-\`\/SWS Y1Z1 4* h1aZTabnD \h* , V\Y]*ZT^ 2 `\4dYZT Wp/SE V\b`T Y\-WS + V`*k1 ,SV\Zd,*bS :

`\+d/SanI Th1Zn 6>56

1 `S4SVdyb1 ˛-*/*ZSy `*ZTj1 ˙1y,T/ 4*4Z*h*2B w \O WS q +*hS,E qV ]`*gT,ZSVS 4*`*/S bSYO h*a\,\^ ,S-\/S ]\`djd,*WS ]`*,SW*E b\ -\,\`S, a\+TB rıZ\/T Z*VW*/Z* 4*]T4ZpO 2bnaqE *W1 ,\Z* ,a1 \/Z\ ]`Sy/1sD ıZjSYS aW\,*YSE Z1h1aZT /T^ `*Z\ hS ]T4Z\ ]`SO 4,1/dbn /\ ]`\+W1YD S ,T/Y\,SWSan ,T/ +*-*bn\f adYZT,ZSf d-\/D SY*W\ V\YO ]*ZTyE qVT ,1WS +T4Z1a Z1h1aZ\E 4-\/\Y 4ZSVWSE * ]`\bS /1qVSf Wp/1y Z*,Tbn ]\O `djSWS ad/\,T a]`*,SD *j* V\Y]*ZTq dZSVZdW* b*VSf Z1]`S2YZ\ab1yxD 1Z 4 ]T,/1ZZ\OafT/Z\^ e`SVS ,S`TO jS, `\4,\/SbS fd/\+dD Zn\-\ Y\-W* ,SO ZSVZdbS a]\Vda* /*bS f*+*`* /1`3*,ZSY aWd3+\,gqYE *+S a]`\abSbS ,,141ZZq b\O ,*`T, T Z1 ]W*bSbS YSb*D TZ -\,\`SbnB w˙\ gn\-\ ,/*2bnaq +*-*b\ e1`Y1`T,D W1 YS `\+SWS ,a1 h1aZ\D SZdW\ *3 /1aqbn `\VT,E ]\VS Z*j* e1`Y* ]\h*W* Z*W13O Z\ ]`*gp,*bSD S ,*`b\ +dW\ h1V*bSH ,313I T/ bSfE fb\ ]W*bS, f*+*`TE V\O `dY]\,*ZT hSZ\,ZSVS ]\abTyZ\ ,SY*-*WS -`\j1yxD 1`1/ WSg1Y 1V\Z\YThZSf b`d/Z\kT, \WS +T4Z1a \]SZq2bnaq Z* Y13T V`*fdE bSaV ]\,1abSaq Z1h1aZ\ 4`\ab*2D ,bTYE Z*,Tbn 4* b*VSf \+ab*,SZ `1]db*gTq h1aO Z\^ Wp/SZS Y\31 /\]\Y\-bSD TWWd /\,1W\aq 4*V`SbS a,\p +d/T,1WnO Zd V\Y]*ZTpE V\WS 3SbW\,1 +d/T,ZSgb,\ d " ]TjW\ Z* a]*/D TZ `\4]\,T/*2B w SY*W\ Z*jSf -\W\,ZSf 4*Y\,ZSVT, ,b`*bSWS +T4Z1a T 4*+\`-d,*WS Z*Y a\bZT bSaqh /\W*`T,D \WS aSbd*gTq 4/*,*W*aq +14Z*/TyZ\pE q 4,1`Zd,aq /\ V\Y]*ZT^O V\ZVd`1Zb* T a]Sb*,E hS Y\-W* +S ,\Z* Z*yZqbS V\-\an T4 Z*aD 1`14 /,T /\+S ^^ V1`T,ZSVS ]\,T/\YSWSE k\ -\b\,T ,4qbS Y1Z1 y +TWnjTabn Y\^f ]T/W1-WSfD 1ZT aV*4*WSE k\ /\+`1 4Z*pbn Y\p h1aZTabn T adYWTZZTabnxD


p/SE Tab\`T^ qVSf +dW\ Z*,1/1Z\ ,SO k1E 2 ,T/V*YS -\,SD /TW\,Sf ab\adZO V*fE qV T , TZjSf ae1`*f 3SbbqE ,\ZS V1O `dpbnaq ]`SZgS]*YS 4 T+WT^D 1aZTabn Z1 4*,*3*W* ^Y Y*bS da]Tf d +T4Z1aTD *,]*VSE ,\Z* ]`SZ1aW* ^Y ,1WSVSy ]\O 3Sb\VD Ë›,Sh*yZ\E 4*,3/S ,SZSV*bSYdbn aSbdO *gT^E , qVSf 4/*,*bSY1bnaqE k\ Z1h1aO ZTabn /*2 ]`S+db\VD * hS Y*b1`T*WnZSy /\+`\+db P g1 2/SZ1 YT`SW\ da]TfdH w 1ZT aV*4*WSE k\ /\+`1 4Z*pbn Y\p h1aZTabn T adYWTZZTabnx L TWWE " MD

1aZTabn P VWph /\ a]`*,3Zn\-\ da]Tfd w *,Tbn qVk\ Wp/SZ* y Y*2 /\ab*b\VE ^ ^ 3Sbbq Z1 4*W13Sbn ,T/ ^ ^ Y*yZ*x L dVS 56B59MD

4*`\+WqbS Z* 3SbbqD \ f\h1E k\+ YS /+*WS ]`\ a,\^ ]\b`1+S b* ]\b`1+S Z*j\^ aTYG^ L5 SY\eTq 9B<MD k\E V\WS ,S ]\hSZ*2b1 4*`\+WqbS -`\jT b* Vd]d,*bS `1hT Z1 WSj1 /Wq b\-\E *+S 4*+14]1hSbS a1+1H #\E V\WS g1 ab*2 4YTab\Y ,*j\-\ 3SbbqH p/SZTE /Wq qV\^ +*-*bab,\ 2 Z*y-\W\,ZTjSYE W1-j1 ,/*O bSaq /\ Z1h1aZ\abTE k\+ y\-\ Z*+dbSD \O Z* y Z1 \]*YGqb*2bnaqE qV Z1h1aZT ,hSZVS 4*,/*/dbn ^y jV\/SD TWnj b\-\E d T+WT^ aV*4*Z\E k\ Wp+\, /\ -`\j1y ]`SZ\aSbn +*-*b\ ab`*3/*Zn L5 SY\eTq :B=E 5>MD an ]`SVW*/ h\bS`n\f Wp/1yE qVT a]`*O ,3ZTy da]Tf d 3SbbT Z1 ]\,Gq4dpbn 4 Y*O b1`T*WnZSYS `1h*YSD

*Y\]\,*-* w TWnV* `\VT, b\Yd q Y*, a]T,+1aT/d 4 ]\b1ZgTyZSY VWT2Zb\YE qVSy f\bT, 4*O ab`*fd,*bS 3Sbbq Z* YTWny\Z /\W*`T,D

Ë› gT2^ \]1`*gT^ q YT- \b`SY*bS bSaqhT /\O W*`T,D /Z*V VWT2Zb aV*4*,E k\ Vd]Sbn ab`*f\,Sy ]\WTaE qVk\ q ,T//*Y y\Yd ]\O W\,SZd a,\^f V\YTaTyZSfD *V* ]`\]\4SO gTq Z1 WSj1 +dW* Z11bShZ\pE *W1 y ad]1O `1hSW* 4*V\ZdD ) aV*4*, y\Yd ]`\ g1D ) a]Sb*, VWT2Zb*E hS ,TZ a]`*,/T f\bT, +S /\,T`SbS V\ZeT/1ZgTyZd TZe\`Y*gTp ]`\ a1+1 b* a,\^ eTZ*ZaS Wp/SZTE qV* ]\O ,1W*aq + Z1h1aZ\D \bTY q 4Z\,d ]\qaZS, y\Yd a,\p ]\4SgTp T aV*4*,E k\ ,TZ Y\31 4T YZ\p aV\Zb*Vbd,*bSaqE qVk\ y\Yd +dO /dbn ]\b`T+ZT Y\^ ]\aWd-SD TWnj1 q ]`\ Zn\-\ Z1 hd,D )V+S q ]`SyZq, y\-\ ]`\]\4SgTpE b\ ]\O `djS, +S f`SabSqZanVT ]`SZgS]S Y\`*WT b* ,b`*bS, +S a*Y\]\,*-dD Ë™\ b\-\ 3 q ab*, +S `*+\Y Wp/SZSE V\b`* ]T/jb\,fO ZdW* Y1Z1 /\ Y*fTZ*gT^x LË™\ZE " MD

˙dj1,ZSy a]\VTy )V 4-*/d,*W\aq d ]1`jTy ab*bbTE ˙1ZT1O Wd 4*]`\]\Zd,*WS ,1WSV\-\ f*+*`*E k\+ ,TZ ]\/*, Z1]`*,/S,d TZe\`Y*gTp ]`\ e*+`SVd ]\b1ZgTyZ\-\ ]\ab*h*WnZSV*D #\ 4`\+S, ˙1ZT1WH `\+d/SanI Th1Zn 6>56

;


w) ]\/qVd,*, Y1Z1/31`d 4* -\abSZO ZTabn T \+T/ b* ]\,1`Zd, V\Z,1`b T4 -`\O jSY*D TZ Z*]\Wq-*,E aV*4*,jSE k\ 4*O ]W*bSbn +TWnj1E qVk\ q /*Y ]\4SbS,Zd \gTZVd y\-\ e*+`SgTD ) ,T/Y\,S,D )V+S q ,4q, -`\jTE b\ 3S, +S d ]\abTyO Z\Yd ab`*fdE k\ Y1Z1 ,SV`SpbnD ˛-\/\Y YTy Z*h*WnZSV /T4Z*,aq ]`\ g1y TZgSO /1ZbD ) /d31 `*/T,E k\ Z1 ]\-\/S,aq Z* *e1`dD 1ZT Z* `\4dY a]*WS aW\,* T4 `SO ]\,Tab1y 59B6;B r˛*31`WS,Sy `\+Sbn Z1O k*aZSY a,Ty /TYE fb\ 3 /*`dZVS *+\ f*+*`T Z1Z*,S/SbnE b\y +d/1 3SbSsx L˙1O ZT1WE \ZV\Z-MD

#*aWS,1 aTY1yZ1 3Sbbq w) +d/T,1WnZSV T ]`*gpp Z* a1+1D Y\O 2Yd +T4Z1aT b`*]Wq2bnaq hSY*W\ Z*-\/ \+Y*ZdbS VWT2ZbT, *+\ dfSWSbSaq ,T/ a]W*bS ]\/*bVT,D /Z*V Y\2 `Tj1ZZq ]\O ,\/SbSan h1aZ\ ]`SZ\aSbn ,1WSVd V\O `Sabn Y1ZT b* Y\^y aTYG^D )Vk\ Wp/SZ* h1aZ*E b\ ,\Z* h1aZ* ,apO /SE Z1 WSj1 Z* `\+\bT hS , +T4Z1aTD \WS bS 4Z*2jE k\ b,Ty h\W\,TV *+\ /`d3SZ* Z1 ]\abd]Sbnaq \3SYS ]`SZgS]*YSE b\ k1 +TWnj1 y\Yd /\,T`q2jD ,Ty ]\/`d3O

1aZTabn /*`d2 /dj1,ZSy a]\VTy

<

ZTy ]*`bZ1` ,T/hd,*2 a1+1 4*fSk1ZSYE */31 4Z*2E k\ h1aZTabn P g1 Z1 Y*aV*E qVd \/q-*pbn hS 4ZTY*pbn 4*W13Z\ ,T/ \+ab*,SZD \3Z* ,\W\/TbS Z*y+TWnj\p V\Y]*ZTO 2p d a,TbTE *W1 aTY1yZ1 k*abq 4* -`\jT Z1 Vd]SjD )V ,T/\V -\,SE q ]1`1V\Z*,aqE k\ +T+WTyZT ]`SZgS]S /\]\Y*-*pbn ,1aO bS ,`T,Z\,*31Z1 3SbbqD Y1Z1 2 h*a /Wq aTYG^D ) Z1 /\4,\WqpE k\+ Y\^Y 3SbbqY V1`d,*, a,TbE , qV\Yd ]`*,Wqbn -`\jT y ]\3*/WS,Tabnx L˙1`,TZE " MD

˙\+`T ab\adZVS 4 \-\Y w) ]`*gpp , \/ZTy eT`YT ]\ab*h*WnZSO V\YD ıZ\/T b\`-\,T *-1ZbS 4*YTabn Y*VaSO Y*WnZ\^ 4ZS3VSE qVd Y\3Z* \b`SY*bSE ]`\]\Zdpbn Y1ZT ,T/a\bVS ,T/ adYSE Z* qVd eT`Y* ]`S/+*2 b\,*`D W1 g1 \4Z*h*O W\ + \+V`*/*bS a,\^f `\+\b\/*,gT,D ) 4*`\+Wqp Z1+*-*b\E T /\/*bV\,Sy ]`S+db\V Z1 +d, +S 4*y,SYD W1 ZTO qVT -`\jT Z1 4*YTZqbn hSab\-\ adYWTZZq T af,*W1ZZq \-* -\,SD \3 d +d/nOqVTy a]`*,T q /\b`SYdpan +T+WTyZ\-\ ]`SZgSO ]d 4 ,`1^, 57B5<B r dan\Yd +*3*2Y\ ]\O ,\/SbSaq h1aZ\sx L *V1WnE TWT]]TZSMD


#\ W13Sbn , \aZ\,T h1aZ\-\ +T4Z1ad V\3ZTy VdWnbd`T Y\3dbn +dbS a,\^ Z\`YS /TW\,\^ 1bSVSD /Z*V d T+WT^ YTabqbnaq dZT,1`a*WnZT ]`SZgS]SE V\b`T /\]\Y\3dbn ,1abS h1aZSy +T4Z1aD an jTabn T4 ZSfD

`*,/S,Tabn `SZgS]B w 1 \+Y*Zpyb1 \/ZT \/ZSfx L \W\aqZ 7B=MD

+\,Gq4V\,Tabn `SZgS]B w 1f*y ,*j1 aW\,\ rb*Vs \4Z*h*2 rb*VsE * rZTs P rZTsx L *b,Tq 9B7;MD

*/TyZTabn `SZgS]B w 1 ,Sq,Wqy b*2YZSgT TZj\-\x L `S]\,Tab1y 69B=MD

1aZTabn `SZgS]B w *+*`* Z1 ,T4nY1jE +\ f*+*` \aWT]Wp2 4`qhSfx L SfT/ 67B<MD

)V 4*WSj*bSan h1aZSY d +T4Z1aT ˘ S4Z*hb1 a,\^ ]`T\`Sb1bSD *]`SVW*/E ]\O YT`Vdyb1E k\ /Wq ,*a ,*3WS,Tj1B +*-*bab,\ hS \31 af,*O W1ZZqH

˘ 1`1/+*h*yb1 Z1+14]1VSD

Z*WT4dyb1 aSbd*gT^E , qVSf Y\31 ,SO ]`\+\,d,*bSaq ,*j* h1aZTabnD `\/dYdyb1E qV ]\,1abSaqD

˘ \4V*3Tbn ]`\ a,\^ ]\-Wq/SD #\`*4d ]1`1/ Z\,\p /TW\,\p \]1`*gT2p b*VO b\,Z\ ]\qaZTbn TZjSYE qVSf Z\`Y ,S /\b`SYd2b1anD

]`*,1/WS,Tabn `SZgS]B w a1E k\ bTWnVS f\h1b1E *+S `\+SWS ,*Y

Wp/SE b1 `\+Tbn ^Y T ,Sx L *b,Tq ;B56MD

Ë›*V\ZZTabn `SZgS]B w T//*,*yb1 Z*W13Z1 daTYB fb\ ,SY*-*2 ]\/*b\V P b\Yd ]\/*b\Vx L SYWqZ 57B;MD

˘ "dV*yb1 ]T/O b`SYVSD \WS ,SO ZSV*2 a]\Vda* hS a]T`Z1 Y\`*WnZ1 ]Sb*ZZqE ]\`*/nO b1aq 4 Wp/SZ\pE qV* ]\/TWq2 ,*jT ]\-Wq/SD


ıZb1`Z1b )V Z1 ab*bS 31`b,\p j*f`*^, TWnqYE dhSb1Wn Z* ]1ZaT^E 3S,1 d W\`S/T L " MD /Z\-\ /Zq ,TZ \b`SY*, 1W1Vb`\ZZ\p ]\jb\p ]\,TO /\YW1ZZq P qV /dY*,E ,T/ y\-\ TZb1`Z1bO]`\,*y/1`*D ]\,T/\YW1ZZT -\,\`SW\aqE k\ TZe\`Y*gTp ]`\ y\-\ `*fdZ\V ,b`*h1Z\D TWnqY 4*]\,ZS, e\`YdE qV* +dW* , ]\,T/\YW1ZZTE T ,T/TaW*, Z*4*/D \W\,TV Z1 4Z*,E k\ y\-\ \a\+SabT /*ZT ]\b`*]SWS /\ "S,SE 4W\hSZgq 4 d^Zad LYTab\ npO•\`VMD *abd]Z\-\ 3 /Zq "S,* aV\`Sab*,aq Z\Y1`\Y V`1/SbZ\^ V*`bVS TWnqY* T VdO ]S, h1`14 ıZb1`Z1b e\b\]`SZb1`D \,T/\YW1ZZqE \b`SO Y*Z1 TWnqY\YE +dW\ \/ZSY 4 5>> >>>E qVT ,T/]`*,S, "S,*D WT/hT 4Gqad,*WSE k\ +WS4nV\ 5>> Wp/1y ,T/]\O ,TWS Z* ]\,T/\YW1ZZq j*f`*q T ab*WS y\-\ 31`b,\pD ,TZaW1Z/T L ,ab`*WTqM 9:O`ThZ* 3TZV* Y*W* , ıZb1`O Z1bT `\Y*Z 4 h\W\,TV\YE qVSy ,S/*,*, a1+1 4* TZ31Z1O `* 4 1WSV\+`Sb*ZT^D \Z* ,SaW*W* y\Yd 8; >>> /\W*O `T,E * ]\bTY 4Gqad,*W\aqE k\ g1 +d, 6;O`ThZSy j*f`*y 4 T-1`T^1D ˝ &E j*f`*yab,\ , ıZb1`Z1bT P ]\jS`1Z1 q,Sk1D 3d`Z*WT w \ZanpY1` `T]\`bax +dW\ ]\O /*Z\ TZe\`Y*gTp ]T/ 4*-\W\,V\Y w b*Z 1`13T d 6>5> `\gTxD *Y -\,\`SbnaqB w ]\3S,*hT ,b`*h*O pbn YTWnq`/S /\W*`T, h1`14 4W\,YSaZSVT,E qVT ]\aWdO -\,dpbnaq ıZb1`Z1b\YE T g1 4*WSj*2bnaq a1`y\4Z\p ]`\+W1Y\pD \`T,ZqZ\ 4 YSZdWSY `\V\Y 4Z*hZ\ 4+TWnO jSW*an VTWnVTabn ,T`daZSf *b*VD 1 ,T/hdWS 8> ,T/O a\bVT, *Y1`SV*ZanVSf aTY1yE ]T/VWph1ZSf /\ ıZb1`O Z1bdD ˙1qVT aTYG^ 4*4Z*,*WS ]`\+W1Y Z1\/Z\`*4\,\xD #\+ 4*fSabSbS a1+1E `\4-WqZnY\E qV /Tpbn j*f`*^D

`Sy\YS j*f`*^, *-*b\ 4W\,YSaZSVT, /T2 h1`14 1W1Vb`\ZZd ]\jO bdD TWnqY ab*, 31`b,\p TZb1`Z1bOj*f`*yab,*E qV1 Z*4S,*2bnaq eTjSZ-\YD \/T+Z\ /\ `S+*WVSE V\bO `Sy W\,Sbn 4/\+Sh Z* Z*3S,VdE j*f`*y ,SV\`Sab\O ,d2 1W1Vb`\ZZ1 ]\,T/\YW1ZZqE k\+ a]\ZdV*bS Wp/SO Zd ,T/]`*,SbS a,Ty ]*`\WnE Z\Y1`S V`1/SbZSf V*`b\V 1 ˝d`Z*W w `\+d/SanIx d31 4*ab1`T-*, ]`\bS 4Z*y\Yab, h1`14 ıZb1`Z1bD ˙S,Tbnaq Z\Y1`S 4* 66 V,TbZq 6>>9 `\VdE ab\`TZVS 5:P5<E T 4* 66 b`*,Zq 6>>9 `\VdE ab\`TZVS 56P58D


hS /*ZT +*ZVT,anV\-\ `*fdZVd Z* e*WnjS,Sy ,1+O a*ybE /d31 af\3Sy Z* a]`*,3ZTyD +S \b`SY*bS ,*O jd 1W1Vb`\ZZd */`1adE 4W\,YSaZSVS ]\aWd-\,dpbnaq V\Y]Gpb1`ZSYS ]`\-`*Y*YSE qVT Z*4S,*pbn 1Vab`*VO b\`*YS */`1a 1W1Vb`\ZZ\^ ]\jbSD ˛* /\]\Y\-\p /1qVSf eTjSZ-\,Sf ]\,T/\YW1Zn j*f`*^ Y\3dbn /\aq-bS a,\2^ Y1bSE Z*,Tbn qVk\ ,S Z1 4*]\,Zp2b1 3\/ZSf e\`YD ˙\ab*bZn\ WSj1 ,T/V`SbS ]\,T/\YW1ZZq P T Z* ,*j V\Y]Gpb1` 4*,*Zb*3dpbnaq j]S-dZanVT ]`\-`*YSD \ZS Y\3dbn 4*]Sad,*bS ,aT \]1`*gT^E V\b`T 4/TyaZppbnaq Z* V\Y]Gpb1`TD ˙1qVT 4 ZSf eTVadpbn Z*bSaV*ZZq VW*,TjE k\+ /T4Z*bSaq ,*j ]*`\Wn hS \a\+Sabd TZe\`Y*gTpD ıZjT ]1`1*/`1O a\,dpbn ,*a Z* j*f`*yanVSy ,1+Oa*ybD )V Z1 ]\b`*]SO bS Z* -*h\VH

)V 4*fSabSbS a1+1H d/nb1 \+1`13ZTE V\WS \b`SYd2b1 ]\,T/\YW1ZZq 4 ]T/\4`TWSYS ]\aSW*ZZqYSD /31 h1`14 ZSf d V\YO ]Gpb1` Y\31 ]\b`*]SbS b*V 4,*ZSy wb`\qZanVSy VTZnx P ]`\-`*Y*E qV* ,T/V`S,*2 j*f`*qY /\abd] /\ ,*jSf ]1`a\Z*WnZSf /*ZSfD S Y\31b1 T Z1 4Z*bS ]`\ g1D #\+ /\+dbS ,*3WS,T /*ZT *+\ ]T/VSZdbS j]S-dZO anVd ]`\-`*YdE qV* 4+S`*2 gTZZd TZe\`Y*gTpE j*f`*^ Z1`T/V\ ]\aWd-\,dpbnaq e\`dY*YSE ]\`Z\a*yb*YSE a\gT*WnZSYS Y1`13*YS T ,1+Oa*yb*YSE k\ ]`\]\ZdO pbn ]`\-`*YZ1 4*+14]1h1ZZq Z1,T/\Y\-\ ]\f\/31ZZqD *V\3 ZTV\WS Z1 ,T/]\,T/*yb1 Z* ]\,T/\YW1ZZqE qVT \+Tgqpbn ,*Y 4\W\bSy /\kD \3WS,\E ,S V\WSan \b`SYd,*WS ]\,T/\YW1ZZq Z* 4`*4\VB w ,*-*I 1+14]1V*I #\+ 4*fSabSbS ,*j V\YO ]Gpb1`E Z*bSaZTbn bdbIx P *+\B w 14V\jb\,ZT 1V`*ZZT 4*ab*,VSD *bSaZTbn bdbxD 1`T/V\ g1 fSb`Sy b`pVE Y1b* qV\-\ P 4*]dabSbS j]S-dZanVd ]`\-`*YdD Sq,Wqyb1 \+*hZTabn b*V\3 b\/TE V\WS jdV*2b1 `\O +\bd h1`14 ıZb1`Z1bD ˛W\,YSaZSVS ,SV\`Sab\,dpbn e*WnjS,T a*ybSE k\+ 4+S`*bS w]W*bd 4* `12ab`*gTpx T Z*,Tbn k\+ ,SY*ZSbS ,*jT eTZ*Za\,T /*ZTD n\-\/ZT 4W\/T^ Z*abTWnVS a]`SbZTE k\ Y\3dbn Z* ,T/ab*ZT \b`SY*bS /\abd] /\ +*4 /*ZSf `T4ZSf V\Y]*O ZTy hS eTZ*Za\,Sf dab*Z\,D aThZT 6>>; `\Vd , " 4W\hSZgT 4W*Y*WS V\Y]Gpb1`ZT aSab1YS Y1`13T dZTO ,1`Y*-T, T 4*,\W\/TWS TZe\`Y*gT2p ]`\ YTWny\ZS ]\O Vd]gT,E d b\Yd hSaWT ]`\ ^fZT V`1/SbZT V*`bVSD TO -1`T^ 4W\,YSaZSVS ]`\ZSVWS , +*4S /*ZSf VTWnV\f +*ZVT, T ,V`*WS 5E9 YTWny\Z* PINOV\/T,E 4* qVSYS Y\3Z* 4ZTY*bS -`\jT , +*ZV\Y*bTD Z*j h*a ]`\g,TO b*2 \ZW*yZ\,Sy h\`ZSy `SZ\VE /1 Z1h1aZT ]`*gT,ZSVS T f*V1`S ]`\/*pbn V`*/1Zd TZe\`Y*gTp ]`\ V`1/SbZT V*`bVS b* Z*,Tbn daT ]1`a\Z*WnZT /*ZT Wp/SZSD

TjSZ-\,1 ]\,T/\YW1ZO ZqD ˚W1Vb`\ZZ1 ]\,T/\YW1ZZqE qV1 a]\ZdVd2 Wp/SZd ,T/]`*,SbS a,Ty ]*`\WnE Z\Y1`S V`1/SbZSf V*`b\V hS /*ZT +*ZVT,anV\-\ `*fdZVd Z* e*WnjS,Sy ,1+Oa*ybE /d31 af\3Sy Z* a]`*,3ZTyD

"]S-dZanV1 ]`\-`*YZ1 4*+14]1h1ZZqD `\-`*YSE qVT

4*]Sadpbn daT \]1`*gT^E k\ 4/TyaZpO pbnaq Z* V\Y]Gpb1`TD

w `\qZanVSy VTZnxD `\-`*O Y*E V\b`*E ,SV\ZdphS ZT+Sb\ qVdan Z1jVT/WS,d edZVgTpE Z*a]`*,/T W*O Y*2 aSab1Yd 4*fSabd V\Y]Gpb1`*D

`\+d/SanI Th1Zn 6>56

55


1 ab*Znb1 31`b,\p # ˚ " ı E ˙ • ˚ &

˙B

k\+ ,*j +`*Z/Y*d1` +d, 4*,O 5 \/+*yb1E 3/S ,VWph1ZSyE

T `1-dWq`Z\ \Z\,Wpyb1 \]1O `*gTyZd aSab1YdE *ZbS,T`daZT b* TZjT ]`\-`*YSD

6

1-dWq`Z\ ab,\`pyb1 `141`,ZT V\]T^ e*yWT,

T ]\/+*yb1 ]`\ Z*/TyZTabn ^fZn\-\ 4+1`131ZZqD

7 d/nb1 `\4ad/WS,T

T Z1 /\,T`qyb1 daTy TZe\`O

Y*gT^ , ıZb1`Z1bTD `S]\,Tab1y 58B59 aV*4*Z\B w T`Sbn +14-Wd4/Sy , V\3ZTaTZnV1 aW\,\E * Yd/`Sy

4,*3*2 Z* V`\VS a,\^xD

8 1 +d/nb1 ]\3*/WS,SYS

L dVS 56B59MD 1

a]\Vdj*yb1aq Z* w+14V\jb\,ZTx ]`\]\4SgT^ y \ab1`T-*yb1aq ,1+Oa*ybT,E qVT ]`\/*pbn b\,*`S 4* /d31 ZS4nVSYS gTZ*YSD 1 Y\31 +dbS Z*3S,V\p

j*f`*^,D

ab1`T-*yb1an 1W1Vb`\ZZ\^ ]\jbS hS YSbO b2,Sf ]\,T/\YW1Zn 4 Z1,T/\Y\-\ /31`1W*E \a\+WS,\ qVk\ ,\ZS YTabqbn qVTan ]\aSW*ZZq *+\ 4*]Sb ]`\ \a\+Sabd TZe\`Y*gTpE Z*]`SVW*/ ]T/O b,1`/31ZZq ]*`\Wq L `S]\,Tab1y 55B59MD

9

: `S/dYdyb1 ]*`\WTE qVT ,*3V\ ,-*/*bSD

1O `T\/ShZ\ 4YTZpyb1 ]*`\WT b* Z1 ,SV\`Sab\,dyb1 \/SZ ]*`\Wn /Wq `T4ZSf \+WTV\,Sf 4*]SaT,D


*/*,*yb1 +*ZVT,anVT /*ZT hS /*ZT ]`\ a,\p ; V`1/SbZd V*`bVd WSj1 Z*/TyZSY T 4*fSk1O ZSY ,1+Oa*yb*YD

k\ ,S ]`*,SWnZ\ ,]Sa*WS */`1ad ,1+Oa*ybdE < 1`1V\Z*yb1aqE

\a\+WS,\ qVk\ g1 a*yb eTO

Z*Za\,\^ dab*Z\,SD Sj1 h1`14 \/Zd ]\YSWVd ,S

Y\31b1 ]\b`*]SbS Z* a*yb j*f`*^,D

#\+ ]1`1/*,*bS ,*3WS,d TZe\`Y*gTpE ,SV\`Sab\,dyb1 = jSe`\,*Z1 4G2/Z*ZZqD

qVO\b /*ZT V`1/SbZ\^ V*`bVSE Sf\/nb1 4 ,1+Oa*ybdE V\WS 4*,1`jSWS `\+\bdD

*ab\ y d,*3Z\ ]1`1,T`qyb1 ,S]SaVS 4 +*ZVT,anV\-\ `*fdZVd T b1E qVT \]1`*gT^ 5> +dW\ 4/TyaZ1Z\ 4 ,*j\p V`1/SbZ\p V*`bV\pD Sq,S,jS Z14Z*y\Yd ,*Y \]1`*gTpE Z1-*yZ\ 4,GqO 3Tbnaq 4 +*ZV\YD

\+1`13ZTE ]\aWd-\,dphSan Z14*O 55 d/nb1 fSk1ZSY +14/`\b\,SY 4G2/Z*ZZqY LWi-FiME

\aVTWnVS j*f`*^ Y\3dbn ,V`*abS ,*jT /*ZT T ]1`1O */`1ad,*bS ,*a Z* e*WnjS,Sy a*ybD

4*]Sb*ZZq w˛*]*YGqb*bS g1y ]*`\WnHx ,T/]\,T/*yb1 wZTxD 56 * `\qZanVT ]`\-`*YS Y\O 3dbn 4+S`*bS ,*jT 4+1`131ZT ]*`\WTD

`\+d/SanI Th1Zn 6>56

57


SW\4,dhZSy a]T,

*Wn]TyanV\-\ `T3V*

]1`1/*,*bS TZe\`Y*gTp Z* /*W1VT ,T/ab*ZTE /1qVT 3Sb1WT j,1yg*`anVSf Wn] d]`\/\,3 ab\`Th ,SV\O `Sab\,d,*WS dZTV*WnZSy Yd4ShZSy TZab`dY1Zb P *Wn]TyanO VSy `T3\VD ıE f\h* e\`Y*b TZab`dY1Zb* Z1 VSj1ZnV\,Sy L/1qVT ,4T`gT +TWnjT 4* Wp/SZd d /,* `*4SME y\-\ Y\3Z* Z\O aSbS , `dgTD Ë™1qVT ,S/S `T3VT, Z*,Tbn `\4VW*/*pbnaq T Y*O pbn 4`dhZT edbWq`SD Ë›,dV `T3V* `\4f\/Sbnaq ]\/1Vd/S Z*

#

58

`\+d/SanI Th1Zn 6>56


Wn]TyanVSy `T3\V Y\3Z* `\4T+`*bS T Z1abS , `dgT

5> VTW\Y1b`T,E ,T/+S,*phSan WdZ\p d ,SO a\VSf *Wn]TyanVSf /\WSZ*fD

*`\/31ZZq `T3V* ",1yg*`anVT Wn]S P `T/Z* /\YT,V* gn\-\ dZTV*WnZ\-\ TZab`dY1Zb*D Wn]TyO anVSy `T3\V 4*4,Sh*y ,S-\b\,Wqpbn 4 -T`O anVSf qWSZD aZ\,* gSf /1`1, Y*2 ]`SO `\/ZSy ,S-SZE */31 ,\ZS `\abdbn Z* ab`TYVSf afSW*fD *yab1` ]T/jdVd2 qWSZVdE *Vd`*bZ\ `\4V\Wp2 ^^ Z*,]TW T ,S+S`*2 a1`g1,SZd a]1gT*WnZSY `T4g1YD * g1 Y\31 ]TbS *3 <> -\/SZI \bTY Y*yab1` jWTed2 T ]\WT`d2 ,Zdb`TjZp h*abSZd \+S/,\f ]\W\,SZ\VE aVW1p2 ^f b* kTWnZ\ \+Y\bd2 +1`1abqZ\p aYd3V\pD TZ b*V\3 ]`SV`T]Wq2 /1`1,GqO Zd ZT3VdE qV* ]T/b`SYd2 `T3\VE V\WS Z* Zn\Yd -`*pbnD ı Z*`1jbTE ]`S]*ad,*,jS ]T/f\3Sy YdZ/jbdV T ]`SV`*aS,jS `\4O b`d+ `T4n+\p hS Y*WpZV\YE Y*yab1` ]\O V`S,*2 `T3\V 4*fSaZSY W*V\YD `*/SgTyZ1 ,SV\`Sab*ZZq Ë› ]\V\WTZZq , ]\V\WTZZq h*+*ZS y ]*aO bdfS 4,dV\Y `T3V* a]\,Tk*WS a,\^f `T/O ZSf d /\WSZ*fE k\ , ZSf da1 -*`*4/D /Z*V Z*a*Y]1`1/ aS-Z*W\Y `T3V* ,\ZS 4+S`*WS fd/\+dE k\+ ]\/\^bSD TE fb\ `\4O ,\/Sbn V\`T, 4*`*/S Y\W\V*E 4/*,Z* ,,*O 3*pbnE k\ ]T/ h*a /\^ZZq ]`\bq3ZSy 4,dV *Wn]TyanV\-\ `T3V* 4*a]\V\p2 b,*`SZD 4SYVdE V\WS fd/\+* ,31 +dW* , fWTO ,*f d /\WSZTE hSY*W\ ]*abdfT, +`*WS `T3O VS T f\/SWS d YTab\ -`*bSD Ë›* g1 ,\ZS \b`SYd,*WS -`\jT P /\/*bV\,Sy 4*`\+TO

b\VD YSZdW\Yd `T3\V ,SV\`Sab\,d,*WS Z*,Tbn /Wq b\-\E *+S aVWSV*bS h\W\,TVT, Z* ,TyZdD )V Z* Zn\Yd -`*bSH \31 ,S/*,*bSaqE k\ -`*bS Z* *Wn]TyO anV\Yd `T3Vd /\aSbn W1-V\E */31 ,TZ Z1 Y*2 VW*]*ZT,D /Z*V qV`*4 d gn\Yd ]\WqO -*2 b`d/ZTabnD #\+ ,S/\+dbS ]\b`T+ZSy b\ZE Z1\+fT/Z\ `1-dWp,*bS ]\bTV ]\,Tb`q d b`d+gTD g1 aVW*/Z\D * *Wn]TyanV\Yd `T3Vd Y\3Z* 4T-`*bS WSj1 b\ZS Z*bd`*WnZ\-\ 4,dV\`q/dE b\Yd /Wq Zn\-\ ]T/f\/qbn Z1 ,aT Y1W\/T^D `\b1 2 Yd4SV*E aV\Y]\Z\,*Z* a]1gT*WnZ\ /Wq `T3V*E T ,YTWT Yd4SV*ZbS Y\3dbn ]`\/1O Y\Zab`d,*bS a,Ty /S,\,S3ZSy fSabD T/\YT V\Y]\4Sb\`S ,VWph*WS , \`O V1ab`\,T b,\`S *Wn]TyanVSy `T3\VD *]`SVW*/E 1\]\Wn/ \g*`b P +*bnV\ \Wne-*Z-* Y*/1q \g*`b* P Z*]Sa*, ]*ab\`*Wn /Wq ]*abdj\-\ `T3V* 4 \`V1abO `\YD `*Ya ,T/b,\`p,*, 4,dV *Wn]TyanO V\-\ `T3V* 4* /\]\Y\-\p eW1yb T b`d+D *V\3 1bf\,1Z d a,\^y w *ab\`*WnZTy aSYe\ZT^x TYTbd,*, 4,dV gn\-\ TZab`dO Y1ZbE k\+ ]1`1/*bS *bY\ae1`d ]*abdj\-\ 3SbbqD

1`j* 4-*/V* ]`\ *Wn]TyanVSy `T3\V d j,1yg*`anVSf ]Sa1YZSf ]*YGqbV*f 4Gq,Wq2bnaq 59;6 `\Vd , `\4`*fdZV\,Ty VZS4T Y\Z*abS`q ,qb\-\ `+*Z*D SZdW\ Y*y31 9>> `\VT,E * an\-\/ZT y /\aT Y\3Z* ]\hdbSE qV YSW\4,dhZSy -\W\a *Wn]TyanO V\-\ `T3V* WdZ*2 Z*/ ]`1V`*aZSYS WdV*O YS j,1yg*`anVSf Wn]D `\+d/SanI Th1Zn 6>56

59


\WS +TWnj1

Z1Y*2 aSW 3SbS ˙ ) ]\ gTW\Yd a,TbT +WS4nV\ 7>>> \aT+ Z*Y*-*pbnaq ,V\`\bSbS a\+T 3SbbqD T+WTq ]\/*2 \/Zd 4 -\W\,ZSf ]`SO hSZE h\Yd abTWnVS Wp/1y /\f\/Sbn /\ b*O V\-\ `\4]*hdD \Z* -\,\`Sbn ]`\ waV`dbZT h*aSE V\WS 3SbS +d/1 /d31 ,*3V\xD )V`*4 b1]1` Z*ab*WS gT h*aSE T 3Sbb2,T b`d/Z\kT bSaZdbn Z* Z*aE qV ZTV\WS `*ZTj1 L6 SO Y\eTq 7B5C ˚VVW14Tqab* ;B;MD ]SZS,jSan d ]\W\ZT b`S,\-E Wp/SZ* Y\31 ,,*3*bS a*O Y\-d+ab,\ 2/SZSY ,Sf\/\YD #\ `\+SbSE V\WS b*V* /dYV* 4*`\/SW*aq y d ,*aH

#

S Z1 a*YTI *j +TWn Y\31 ,S/*,*bSan Z1,S-\yZSYD W1 ]*YGqb*yb1B ,S Z1 a*YTD n\-\/ZTE Z* 3*WnE Y*y31 V\31Z +\`1bnaq 4 qV\pan ]`\+W1Y\pD T+WT^ aV*4*Z\B w 3 /\ZSZT

˛ ˙ ˛ ı ıı ˘ w T ]`\ k\ Z1 b`S,\3b1anE *W1 4*,3O /S 4 +d/nOqVSYS ]`\f*ZZqYS 4,1`b*yO b1an d Y\WSb,*f T +W*-*ZZqf /\ \-*E ,Sq,WqphS y\Yd b*V\3 ,/qhZTabnD \/T \3Sy YS`E qVSy Z1Y\3WS,\ 4+*-ZdbS `\4dY\YE +1`1-bSY1 4*,/qVS `Sabd ıadO ad ,*jT a1`gq b* 4/*bZTabn YSaWSbSx L SWS]GqZ 8B:E ;MD ˘ w) jdV*, \a]\/*E T ,TZ ]\hd, Y1Z1C T 4,TWnZS, Y1Z1 ,T/ daTf Y\^f ab`*fT,x L a*W\Y 78B9E \YDMD ˘ w WS4nVSy \a]\/n /\ bSfE d V\-\ `\4O +Sb1 a1`g1C ]`S+SbSf /df\Y ,TZ a]*a*2x L a*W\Y 78B5=E \YDMD ˘ w TZ 4W*Y*Z\a1`/Sf WTVd2E T ^fZT `*ZS +\WphT \+,Gq4d2x L a*W\Y 58;B7MD

5:

`\+d/SanI Th1Zn 6>56


,a1 ab,\`TZZq `*4\Y ab\-Z1 y YdhSbnaqx L SYWqZ <B66MD S Y\31b1 /dY*bSE k\ ]`\O +W1Y* ZTV\WS Z1 ,S`TjSbnaqD `\b1E qV ]\O V*4d2 3SbbqE Z1`T/V\ 4 ]WSZ\Y h*ad b`d/O Z\kT YSZ*pbnD k\ Y\31 /\]\Y\-bS d f,SWSZS `\4]*hdH \4V*3Tbn ]`\ a,\^ ]\hdbbq 4`TW\Yd /`dO -dE qV\Yd /\,T`q2b1D T+WT^ -\,\`SbnaqB w `*,/S,Sy /`d- Wp+Sbn 4* ,aqV\-\ h*adE , Z1/\WT 3 ,TZ `\+Sbnaq +`*b\Yx L `SO ]\,Tab1y 5;B5;MD q VZS-* `\4]\,T/*2 ]`\ \/Z\-\ ]`*,1/Z\-\ h\W\,TV*E Z* TYGq •\,D \WS ,TZ ]1`13S,*, aV`dbZT h*aSE b\ ,SO WS, a,\^ ]\hdbbq TZjSYD •\Yd +dW\ b*V ]\-*Z\E k\ ,TZ aV*4*,B w˝Sbbq Y\2 Y1ZT Z*+`S/W\xD W1 ]\bTY •\, /\/*,B w˙*Y ,\O Wp aYdbV\,T Y\2YdE T -\,\`SbSYd , -T`V\bT /djT Y\2^x L•\,* 5>B5E \YDMD )Vk\ 4,T`SO bSaq /`d-dE g1 ]\W1-jSbn ,*j +TWn T /\]\O Y\31 ]\OTZj\Yd ]\/S,SbSan Z* ]`\+W1YdD SWS,*yb1 a1`g1 \-\,T d Y\WSb,TD ˙1O fb\ ,,*3*2E k\ Y\WSb,* P g1 WSj1 ]aSf\O W\-ThZSy ]`Sy\Y a*Y\4*a]\V\2ZZqD `\b1 T+WTq V*31 k\an TZj1D a*WYT :9B7 ]`\ \-* -\,d -\,\`SbnaqB w SE k\ Y\WSb,S ,SaWdfd2jxD T+WTq 4*]1,Zq2B w TZ \- /+*2 ]`\ ,*ax L5 1b`* 9B;MD \3\Yd W\,T +*-*b\ `*4T, Z*-\W\jd2bnaqE h\Yd ,*3WS,\ ]\VW*/*bSaq Z* \-*D an VTWnV* ]`SVW*/T,D w */Tyaq Z* \a]\/* ,aTY a,\^Y a1`g1YE * Z* `\4dY a,Ty Z1 ]\VW*/*yaqI T4Z*,*y bS •\-\ Z* ,aTf /\`\-*f a,\^fE T TZ ,S]`\abd2 b,\^ ab13VSx L ı ˚• 7B9E :MD w TZ a]\,Zq2 +*3*ZZq bSfE k\ +\O qbnaq y\-\C hd2 +W*-*ZZq T a]*a*2 ^fx L 589B5=E ]1`1VW*/ D dWTj*E 5==< `DMD w \WS 4,1`b*2Y\an /\ \-*E Y*2Y\ ,]1,Z1ZTabnB ]`\ k\ bTWnVS ]`\aSY\ 4-T/Z\ 4 y\-\ ,\W1pE ,TZ ,SaWdf\,d2 Z*ax L5 ı 9B58MD w˙*W1VSy \a]\/n ,T/ +14+\3ZSfE *W1 a]`*,1/WS,Sf Y\WSb,d TZ hd2x L ı ˚• 59B6=MD

) # ˙ ˚ DDD

\4V*3Tbn ]`\ a,\^ ]\hdbbq Z*/TyZ\Yd /`d-d

SWS,*yb1 a1`g1 \-\,T d Y\WSb,T

`\+d/SanI Th1Zn 6>56

5;


˙\aWT/31ZZq ]\V*4dpbnE k\ +TWnjTabn bSfE fb\ Z*Y*-*2bnaq ,V\`\bSbS a\+T 3SbO bqE ab`*3/*pbn Z* /1]`1aTp1D 1 \4Z*O h*2E k\ Wp/SZ* Y\31 ]\b`1+d,*bS Y1O

/ShZ\^ /\]\Y\-SD TV*` ]`S]Sj1 WTVS *+\ ]\`*/SbnE qV 4YTZSbS f*`hd,*ZZqD ıZ\/T d ]`\-`*Yd WTVd,*ZZq ,VWph*pbn eT4ShO ZT ,]`*,SE T g1 /*2 ]\4SbS,ZT `14dWnb*O bSD `\e1aTyZ* Y1/ShZ* /\]\Y\-* ]`SZ1aO W* ]\W1-j1ZZq +*-*bn\Y Wp/qY1D T+WTq YTabSbn hSY*W\ /dY\VE qVT Y\O 3dbn ]T/V`T]SbS T `\4`*/SbS ,*aD *]`SVO W*/E ]`\ \-* -\,d , ZTy -\,\`SbnaqB w TZ ,Sb`1 V\3Zd aWn\4d 4 ^fZTf \h1yD ı ,31 Z1 +d/1 *ZT aY1`bTE *ZT 3*W\+SE *ZT -\W\aTZZqE *ZT +\WpD \WSjZ2 YSZdW\x L +Gq,W1ZZq 65B8MD \4/dYS Z*/ gT2p \3\p \+TgqZV\p Y\3dbn ]\W1-jSbS ,*j +TWnD ,T/VS -\,S ]\ gTW\Yd a,TbT /TWqbnaq gT2p dbTjZ\p +T+WTyZ\p 4,TabV\p 4 YTWnO y\Z*YS Wp/1yD ˛*,/qVS ^fZTY 4daSWWqY +*-*b\ fb\ d gT +d`1YZT h*aS a]\,Zp2bnaq Z*/T2pD #\+ \b`SY*bS +TWnj1 TZe\`Y*O gT^E 4,1`ZTbnaq /\ ,T/VT, -\,S d ,*jTy YTag1,\abTE 4*,Tb*,jS /\ ˛*Wd *`ab,* *+\ Z*]Sa*,jS Z* ,T/]\,T/Zd */`1adE k\ Z* 9Oy ab\`TZgT gn\-\ 3d`Z*WdD *O V\3 ,S Y\31b1 4*,Tb*bS Z* Z*j ,1+Oa*yb www.watchtower.org/kD

1 TWnj1 TZe\`Y*gT^ Z* b1Yd /1]`1aT^ Y\3Z* ]`\hSb*O bS d Z\Y1`T w `\+d/SanIx 4* WS]1Zn 6>>= `\VdE ab\`TZVS 7P=D

1 ˝d`Z*W w `\+d/SanIx Z1 ]`\]*-d2 3\/Z\-\ Y1b\/d WTVd,*ZZqD \3Z* Wp/SZ*E `1b1WnZ\ 4,*3S,jS ,aT ,*`TO *ZbSE Y*2 a*Y* ]`SyZqbS `Tj1ZZqD

PR P ROX OXY

"dV*yb1 Y1/ShZ\^ /\]\Y\-S \4V*3Tbn \-d ]`\ a,\^ b`d/Z\kTE T ,TZ /\]\Y\31D T+WTq Z1/*`1YZ\ 4*\f\hd2B w \3Z\-\ h*ad Z*/Tyb1an Z* n\-\E a1`g1 a,\2 ]1`1/ SY ,SWS,*yb1x L a*W\Y :6B=MD

1/ShZ* /\]\Y\-*

˙ ı˙

˙ ˛ı ˛*4,Sh*y hW1ZS aTYG^ b* +WS4nVT /`d4T ]\,SZZT ]1`jSYS da,T/\YSbSE k\ ]`S-ZTh1Z* \a\+* `\4/dYd2 ]`\ a*Y\O -d+ab,\D ıfZ2 ,b`dh*ZZq Y\31 ,`qbdO ,*bS ^y 3SbbqD d/nb1 a]T,hdbWS,SY aWdf*h1YD 1 ]`SY1Zjdyb1 ]`\+W1O YSE qV* YdhSbn +WS4nVd ,*Y Wp/SZdD T+WTq 4*\f\hd2 w,bTj*bS ]`S-ZTh1ZT /djTx L5 1aa*W\ZTVTygT, 9B58MD ]\O ZdVdyb1 Wp/SZd jdV*bS /\]\Y\-SE TE V\WS Z1\+fT/Z\E 4`\+Tbn da1E *+S ,\Z* ^^ \b`SY*W*D

5<

`\+d/SanI Th1Zn 6>56


Ë› Ë™ Ë™ H

\W\,* /qbW* P ]`S`\/ZSy *Y\`bS4*b\` ˘ /*`dE V\b`Sy ,SVWSV*2 ]1`1,*Zb*31ZZq <>P5>> gE /\ab*bZn\E *+S \b`SY*bS ab`da Y\4VdD /Z*V V\WS /qb1W abdV*2 /4n\+\Y ]\ V\`T /1`1,*E y\-\ -\W\,* ,Sb`SYd2 ]1O `1,*Zb*31ZZq , 56>> g P +14 3\/Z\-\ -\O W\,Z\-\ +\WpE Z1 V*3dhS ,31 ]`\ ab`da Y\4VdD )V g1 Y\3WS,\H \YT`Vdyb1D ˙\aWT/ZSVS ,Sq,SWSE k\ -\W\,* /qbW* aVW*/*2bnaq 4 h\bS`n\f 1W1O Y1ZbT,D 5D ,1`/Sy T ,\/Z\h*a ]`d3ZSy /4n\+D 6D b`dVbd`*E qV* aVW*/*2bnaq 4 VTabVS b* 1W*abShZ\^ bV*ZSZS T Z*4S,*2bnaq ]T/Gq4SV\O ,\pD \Z* ]T/b`SYd2 q4SV T \+-\`b*2 h1`1]D 7D d+h*ab* VTabV* , h1`1]TD 8D 1,1WSVSy ]`\abT` YT3 h1`1]\Y b* Y\4V\YE 4*]\,Z1ZSy a]SZZ\Y\4V\,\p `TO /SZ\pD \31Z 4 gSf 1W1Y1ZbT, ]\-WSZ*2 Y1f*O ZThZT d/*`SE 4*,/qVS h\Yd /qb1W Y\31 abdO V*bS ]\ /1`1,d 4T j,S/VTabp /\ 66 d/*`T, Z* a1VdZ/d +14 3\/Z\^ jV\/S /Wq Y\4VdD d/\,* -\W\,S /qbW* Z*/SfZdW* ,h1ZSf ab,\`SbS \+\W\ZVdE qV* ,Sb`SY*2 ]1`1,*ZO b*31ZZq /\ :> >>> gD Z1/*W1V\Yd Y*yO +dbZn\Yd ,\ZS 4Y\3dbn `\4`\+SbS V`*kSy 4*fSab /Wq +\`b\,Sf a*Y\]SagT,E b*V 4,*O ZSf h\`ZSf qkSVT,E qVT an\-\/ZT ,Sb`SYdO pbn ]1`1,*Zb*31ZZq ]`S+WS4Z\ , 5>>> gD ˙\Vb\` TY W1V+1`Z 4 `1ZeTW/anV\-\ dZT,1`aSb1bd L 1WSV\+`Sb*ZTqM ab\a\,Z\ gn\-\ ,T/V`Sbbq V*31B w 1 /S,\,S3ZSy ]`SVW*/ ]\2/Z*ZZq ,Sa\V\b1fZ\W\-ThZSf ab`dVbd`E qVT ]`S`\/* ab,\`SW* /Wq ,S`TO j1ZZqE 4/*,*W\aq +E Z1Y\3WS,Sf 4*,/*ZnxD )V ,S /dY*2b1B +d/\,* -\W\,S /qbW* P `14dWnb*b ,S]*/Vd hS 4*/dYdH

8

7

5

6

Redheaded woodpecker: 5 2011 photolibrary.com


˛ & ı

\aTyanVT ]`*,\aW*,ZT a,qk1ZSVS T/dbn d ,W*/d ıZe\`Y*gTyZ1 *-1Zbab,\ ı \,\abT ]\,T/\YWq2B w `fT2`1yanVSy a\+\` \aTyanV\^ ]`*,\aW*,Z\^ g1`V,S /\4,\WS, g1`V\,Z\aWd3Sb1WqY d ,SZqbV\,Sf ,S]*/O V*f ,Sad,*bS a,\^ V*Z/S/*bd`S Z* ,S+\`*f /\ \`-*ZT, ,W*/SD *VSy /\4,TW +d, /*ZSy 4 Y1b\p 4*fSabSbS g1`V,d ,T/ `\4V\Wd b* TZjSf ]`qYSf Z1+14]1VxD ˛-T/Z\ 4 b,1`/31ZZqY 2]SaV\]T,E b*VT w,SZqbV\,T ,S]*/VSx \+dY\,W1ZT Z1\+fT/ZTabp w]`\bSab\qbS aSW*YE , b\Yd hSaWT `\4V\WnZSgnVSY b* TZ\V\Ze1aTyZSYE qVT ]`*-O Zdbn ,SV\`Sab\,d,*bS ,S+\`Zd ,W*/d /Wq +\`\bn+S 4 `*,\aW*,Z\p g1`V,\pxD

SZSVWS Z\,T ]Sb*ZZq 1`14 adh*aZT Y1b\/S `1]`\/dVbS,Z\^ Y1/SgSZSE qVT V\WSan +dWS 4 \+W*abT e*Zb*abSVSE ,SZSV*pbn Z\,T ]`*,\,T /SW1YSD w#\`\Vd ,a1 +TWnj1 Z1Y\,Wqb Z*`\O /3dpbnaq 4*,/qVS ,SV\`Sab*ZZp a]1`YS hS 4*`\/V*E V\b`T 4+1`T-*WSaq YTaqgqYS *+\ `\V*YSEP -\,\`Sbnaq , w \WWOab`Sb /3\`Z1WxDP /1qVSf ,S]*/V*f \/SZ 4 +*bnVT,E qV ]`*,SW\ b*b\E ,31 ]\Y1`xD " /1V\bO `T aS`\bS \b`SYdpbn k\YTaqhZ1 a\gT*WnZ1 4*+14]1h1ZO ZqD `\b1 Z1 ,aT jb*bS Y*pbn \/Z*V\,T 4*V\ZS ab\a\,O Z\ b*V\^ /\]\Y\-S d `*4TE qVk\ /SbSZ* 4*h*b* ]TaWq aY1`bT \/Z\-\ 4 +*bnVT,D \ZZT TWW1`E p`Sab 4 TZO Z1a\bSE V*31B w 1fZ\W\-Tq aq-ZdW* 4Z*hZ\ /*WTE ZT3 4*V\ZxD

`*gT,ZSVS aWd3+SE qV* +\O `1bnaq 4T jVT/ZSV*YSE +dWS 4/S,\,*ZTE V\WS ^f ,SVWSV*WS a]TyY*bS WSaSgp Z* ;6OYd ]\O ,1`aT Z1/\+d/\,*Z\-\ fY*`\O h\a* , g1Zb`T \Z/\Z*D SaSgq

w3S,SW*aq Z1/\^/V*YSE qVT 4*WSj*O WS +d/T,1WnZSVSxD ]TyY*Zd b,*`SZd ,S]dabSWS Z1]\/*WTV Lw ˚ ˚ xE

˙ MD

˛-T/Z\ 4 \]Sbd,*ZZqYE ]`\,1/1ZSY d TY1hhSZTE ;:E7 ý ]T/WTbVT, ,,*3*O pbn eWT`b wgTWV\Y +14O Z1,SZZSYxD * ^fZp /dYVdE ,TZ wZTV\-\ ZT /\ h\-\ Z1 4YdO jd2xD *y31 ]\W\,SZ* `1aO ]\Z/1ZbT, aV*4*WSE k\ /Wq \/`d31Z\^ Wp/SZS 2 Z\`Y*WnO ZSY ]\eWT`bd,*bS 4 Z14Z*O y\Yg1Y Lw ˚ ˚ " xE ı ˚ MD

a1Z*`\/Z1 \]Sbd,*ZZq ]\V*O 4*W\E k\ /Wq 8< ý `\aTqZ

b1`*VbS wgTWV\Y \hTVdO ,*ZTx T Z*,Tbn ab*WS w4,ShZSY q,Sk1Yx Lw

˚ xE ı)MD

1k\/*,Z\E *+S dZSVZdbS aWd3+S ]`SV\`/\ZZ\-\ V\ZbO `\WpE Y1VaSV*ZanVT V\Zb`*O +*Z/SabS ,/*WSaq /\ 4df,*O W\-\ Z\,*b\`anV\-\ Y1b\/dD w \/T+Z\ /\ a1`1/Zn\,ThZSf Y1b\/T, \+W\-SxE ,\ZS ,SV\O `Sab*WS w4/\`\,1ZZd V*O b*]dWnbdxE ]`SV`T]W1Zd /\ b`1yW1`*D ˛* /\]\Y\-\p 1W*abShZ\-\ /3-db* V\Zb`*O +*Z/SabS w3+d`WqWS Z*`V\bSO VS Z* ]T,ZThx h1`14 ]`SV\`O /\ZZd \-\`\3d " L ˝ ˚• ˚ E " MD

npO•\`Vd w/,\2 4 ]GqO bS ,*-TbZSf 3TZ\Vx `\+O Wqbn *+\`bD 1 a]T,,T/Z\O j1ZZq wY*y31 Z1 4YTZSW\aq 4* \ab*ZZ2 /1aqbS`Thhqx Lw &(O• • xE " MD


˙ı (˙ ˛ ( &

*k\ q g1 aV*4*,H q ab*bbq /\]\Y\31 b\+T 4`\4dYTbSB bS TZ\/T -\,\`Sj b1E h\-\ Z1 aWT/ # `\+SbSE V\WS aV*4*, 4*y,1 ) ab`SYd,*bS a,Ty q4SV

w˛*4,Sh*y Y1ZT ,/*O 2bnaq ]`S+\`Vd,*bS a,Ty q4SVE *W1 TZ\/T ab*pbnaq ]`\V\WSD \/T f\h1bnaq ]`\,*O WSbSaq V`T4n 41YWpxD

w *a*YS q V*3d b1E ]`\ k\E yY\,T`O Z\E /dY*2 V\31ZE *W1 h\-\ Z1 ,*`O b\ -\,\`SbS ,-\O W\aDDD yO\yIx

1y4 ˚WWT

g1 ab*2bnaq Wph\,Sy ,T`j 4 T+WT^D w)Vk\ fb\an Z1 a]\bSV*2bnaq d aW\,TE ,TZ /\aV\Z*WSyx L)V\,* 7B6MD #\ g1 \4Z*h*2H Tfb\ Z1 Y\31 /\aV\Z*W\ V\Zb`\Wp,*bS a,Ty q4SVD TWnjTabn ]\-\/SbnO aq 4T aW\,*YS ZZ1bb1B wr 1O 3*hSy ]\WTg1yanVSys YT3 Y\^Y Y\4V\Y b* q4SV\Y Z1`T/V\ ab*2 b`*Y]WTZ\YxD )V +d,*2D w \/`d-* f\bTW* ,4qbS a\+T /1k\ 4 \/q-dE qVSy q ,31 Z1 Z\aSW* T 4+S`*W*aq ,T//*bSD 1 ]\/dY*,jSE q aV*O 4*W*B r * bS , Zn\-\ Z1 ,WTO 41jsD \/T ,\Z* \+d`SW*anB r S /dY*2jE q b*V* b\,ab*HIsx L \``TZMD 1 ˙1qVT TY1Z* , ab*bbT 4YTZ1Z\D

an VTWnV* ]\`*/E qVT /\]\Y\3dbn b\+T ,S4Z*hSbSE h\Yd bS TZ\/T -\,\`Sj b1E h\-\ Z1 aWT/D

˘ ˛Gqady a,\^ aW*+V\abTD 1 ab`SYdp q4SV*E V\WS /`*bdpaqD 1 /dY*pE k\ -\,\`pD \,\`pE Z1 aWdf*phSD ıZj1 ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ `SVW*/D w) 4,SVW* +*-*b\ 3*`bd,*bSE T /1V\WS TZO jT Z1]`*,SWnZ\ a]`SyY*pbn Y\^ aW\,*x L W1VaTaMD

˘ `\*Z*WT4dyE 4 VSY d b1+1 Z*yh*abTj1 b`*]Wqpbnaq ]`\V\WSD fb\an T4 +*bnVT, +`*b hS a1ab`* /`d4T TZj1 ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ ˝ `SVW*/D w * 3*WnE Z*yh*abTj1 q \+`*3*p bSfE V\O -\ Wp+Wp Z*y+TWnj1EP V*31 6>O`ThZ* `TabTZDP ˙dO Y*pE g1 b\YdE k\ 4 ZSYS q ]\hd,*pan Z1,SYdj1Z\ y TZ\/T ]1`1f\3d Y13dxD `\+d/SanI Th1Zn 6>56

65


# `\+SbSE V\WS aV*4*, 4*y,1 Wph\,Sy ,T`j 4 T+WT^D w *Y*-*yY\aq a]`SqbS ,an\Yd

w)Vk\ bS ,SbSaZd, 4 bp+SV* 4d+Zd ]*abdE b\ ,31 ^^ bd/S Z1 ]\,1`Z1jD *V a*Y\ 4 \+`*4WS,SYS aW\,*YSB ^f Z*4*/ d31 Z1 ,T4nY1jx L˙31yYaMD

b\YdE k\ ,1/1 /\ YS`dx L SYWqZ 58B5=MD \]`\aSbS ,S+*h1ZO Zq P hd/\,* Y\3WS,Tabn 4*ab\ad,*bS gp +T+WTyZd ]\`*/dD )V +d,*2D w \q Y*Y* ]\Y1`W*E V\WS Y1ZT +dW\ /1aqbn YTO aqgT,E * b*b\ Z1 \]TVd,*,aq YZ\pD 1Z1 ,Sf\,d,*W* Y*YSO Z* a1ab`* 4 h\W\,TV\YD )V\anE V\WS Y1ZT +dW\ 5> hS 55 `\VT,E q ]\hd,*W*aq /d31 a*Y\bZn\pD ) 4WSW*aqE k\ Y*Y* ]\O Y1`W*E T jdV*W* ,SZZ\-\D TbV* ]\]`\aSW* Y1Z1 k\an 4`\O +SbSE * q ]\h*W* a]1`1h*bSaqE T ,a1 4*VTZhSW\aq bSYE k\ q ,S-dVZdW*B r) b1+1 Z1Z*,S/3dI S Z1 Y\q Y*Y*Is ı^ \+O WShhq 4*abS-W\ d ZTY\Yd j\VdD \bTY bTbV* 4*V`SW*aq d a]*WnZTE T q hdW*E qV ,\Z* ]W*h1D 1ZT +dW\ b*V ]`SV`\D \Z* ]TVWd,*W*aq YZ\p T abTWnVS /Wq Y1Z1 4`\+SW*E * q ]\O ab*,SW*an /\ Z1^ Z*h1 /\ ]\`\3Zn\-\ YTagqD ˙q/nV\ `\4O Y\,Wq, 4T YZ\p ]`\ g1y TZgS/1Zb T ]\V*4d,*, +T+WTyZT ,T`O jT ]`\ b1E k\ b`1+* ab`SYd,*bS q4SVD TaWq gn\-\ q kS`\ ,S+*hSW*an ]1`1/ bTbV\pD ) Y*W* ,S4Z*bS a,\p ]\O YSWVdx L *`1ZMD *]SjS ]`ShSZdE 4 qV\^ b\+T Y\31 +dbS ,*3V\ ,S+*h*bSanD ˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝

\Yd ,S+*h1ZZq Y\31 4ZqbS 4 b1+1 bq-*`H ˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝

T/V*4V*D \YT`Vdy Z*/ ]`SZgS]*YS 4 `S]\,Tab1y 55B6 T *b,Tq 9B67E 68D ˛,Sh*yZ\E V`*k1 dZSV*bS Z1]`S2YZSf aSbd*gTyE k\+ Z1 +dW\ ]\b`1+S ,S+*h*bSanD )V g1 4`\+SbSH

˚WWTB w 1`j ZT3 -\,\`SbSE q 4*]Sbdp a1+1B

r S g1 ]\V`*kSbn aSbd*gTpH )V Y\^ aW\,* ,]WSZdbn Z* Wp/SZdE 4 qV\p `\4Y\,WqpHs )Vk\ adYZT,*2jaqE -\,\`SbS k\an hS ZTE Y*+dbnE WT]j1 ]`\Y\,hSxD

1y4B w \WS f\hd k\an aV*4*bSE b\ ab*`*pan \+/dY*bSE qV TZjT Wp/S a]`SyYdbn Y\^ aW\,*D ) ]\YTbS,E k\ 4 ,TV\Y Y1ZT /1/*WT V`*k1 ,/*2bnaq V\Zb`\Wp,*bS a,Ty q4SVD 14dY\,Z\E Z*,ShVS Z*+d,*pbnaq 4 /\a,T/\YxD


) ab`SYd,*bS a,Ty q4SV Wph\,Sy ,T`j 4 T+WT^D w \3Z* Wp/SZ* ]\,SZZ*

`\hSb*y gT +T+WTyZT ,T`jT T 4*4Z*hE qVTy ]\`*/T ,T/]\,T/*2 V\31Z 4 ZSfD

+dbS j,S/V\p /\ aWdf*ZZqE ]\,TWnZ\p Z* aW\,*E ]\O ,TWnZ\p Z* -ZT,x L)V\,* 5B5=MD an VTWnV* ]\`*/E qVT /\]\Y\3dbn b\+T /\b`SYd,*bSan gSf aWT,D

`S]\,Tab1y 56B5:

5

w 1 Z*/b\ 4\a1`1/3dyaq Z* a\+TC b\/T bS Z1 +d/1j j,S/V\ \+`*3*bSanx L˙*Z1bbMD

`S]\,Tab1y 5;B58

6

w) y/d Z* ]`\-dWqZVdE k\+ ]\+dbS Z* a*Y\bT T 4*a]\V\^bSanx L `T1WWMD

`S]\,Tab1y 6:B6>

7

˚VVW14Tqab* ;B=

8

SWS]GqZ 6B7

9

w \WS +dW* Y\W\/j\pE b\ /dY*W*E k\ b`1+* 4*fSk*bSaq /\ VTZgqE T a]1`1h*W*aq 4 +d/nOqV\O -\ ]`S,\/dD W1 4-\/\Y 4`\4dYTW*E k\ V`*k1 `1*-d,*bS Z* ,a1 a]\VTyZ\ P Y\, 4 -daVS ,\/*x L TWTqMD w)Vk\ Z* b1+1 fb\an V`ShSbnE * bS Z1 `1*-d2jE b\ Wp/SZ* 4`1jb\p 4*Y\,VZ1D *+1`Saq b1`O ]TZZq T Z1 ]T/VW*/*y /`\,x L 1``TZMD

w d,*2E k\ fb\an Y1ZT Z*/\Vdh*2D \/T /d31 f\h1bnaq aV*4*bS Wp/SZT ,a1E k\ ]`\ Z1^ /dY*O 2jD W1E b`\fS ]\h1V*,jSE `\4dYTpE Z*aVTWnVS ]\`\3ZTYS +dWS + Y\^ aW\,*D \3 q ,S`TjS, ZTV\WS Z1 `1*-d,*bS ]\a]TjZ\x L *`W4MD

˚ ˛ ) ˛ & H

#\+ ]`\hSb*bS TZjT ab*bbT 4 `d+`SVS w \W\/T Wp/S 4*]SO bdpbnxE 4*,*Zb*3 ]\]1`1/ZT ,S]daVS gn\-\ 3d`Z*Wd T4 a*ybd www.jw.orgD

w aT YS `*4 d `*4 a]\bSV*2Y\anxEP Z*]Sa*, dh1Zn ıada* )VT,D ]Sb*y +*bnVT,E qV ^Y ,/*2bnaq ab`SYd,*bS a,Ty q4SV T qVT , ZSf ,SZSV*pbn b`d/Z\kT L)V\,* 7B6MD

`\+d/SanI Th1Zn 6>56

67


TV\WS Z1 ]T4Z\ ab*bS /`d-\Y \-* Ë› ı ı ı

w S ,S 4Z*2b1E k\ d ,*a 2 Y\3WS,Tabn \b`SY*bS b\hZ1 4Z*ZZq ]`\ ,\`gqHx 1 4*]Sb*ZZq ]\ab*,S, Y1ZT \/SZ ,T/\V -\,SE T ,\Z\ 4YdaSW\ Y1Z1 4*/dY*bSanD

\/T q Y*, +TWnj1 <> `\VT,E T 4* a,\2 3SbO bq q ]\4Z*y\YS,aq 4 +*-*bnY* ,S/*bZSYS Wp/nYSE , b\Yd hSaWT 4 ]\WTbShZSYS /TqO h*YSD /Z*V hS , b*V\Yd ,TgT q /TyaZ\ 4Y\3d ]\4Z*y\YSbSan 4 \-\Y T ab*bS y\-\ /`d-\YH Ë™ ) , 3\,bZT 5=5< `\Vd , YTabT p,TZVq* L TZWqZ/TqMD Ë› /SO bSZab,* q ]`*gp,*, Z* e1`YTD \q aTYGq b`SY*W* V\`T,E V\Z1yE Vd`1y T -da1yD ) Z*O ,hS,aq ,SV\Zd,*bS ,*3Vd `\+\bd T ]Sj*O bSaq ]W\/*YS a,\2^ ]`*gTD \WS q ]T/`TaE +*bnVS 4*\f\bSWS Y1Z1 4/\+dbS \a,TbdD \3E 4*VTZhS,jS jV\WdE q ]\^f*, 4 /\Yd T ]\h*, Z*,h*bSan d V\W1O /3TD *V\3 q ab*, 4*yY*bSan W1-V\p *bW1O bSV\p T ]\4Z*y\YS,aq 4 -\W\,\p TZanV\^ *bW1bShZ\^ *a\gT*gT^E `f\ 1VV\Z1Z\YD \/T q Z1 YT- ]`S]dabSbSE k\ +WS4nV\ 7> `\VT, ]*Z 1VV\Z1Z +d/1 ]\WTbShZSY WT/1`\Y TZWqZ/T^ P a]\h*bVd ]`1YG2`OYTO ZTab`\YE * 4-\/\Y ]`14S/1Zb\YD `TY b\-\E q Z1 4/\-*/d,*,aqE qV 4Z*y\Yab,\ 4 ZSY ,]WSZ1 Z* Y\2 3SbbqD

)

W*,* T ,W*/* 5=7= `\gT YT3 TZWqZ/T2p T */qZO anVSY \p4\Y ,SZSV 4+`\yZSy V\ZeWTVbD WSab\]*/T b\-\ `\Vd Y1Z1 ]`S4,*WS , *`O 68

`\+d/SanI Th1Zn 6>56

YTpD ]\h*bVd q 4*yY*,aq ]T/-\b\,V\p ,TyanV\,Sf d bSWdE * ]\bTY ab*, V\Y*ZO /S`\Y *`bSW1`TyanV\-\ ,4,\/dD \^ ,T/O +d,*WSaq , *`1WT^ P `1-T\ZTE h1`14 qVSy ]`\f\/S, V\`/\Z YT3 TZWqZ/T2p T */qZO anVSY \p4\YD WTbVd 5=85 `\Vd , +\p ]T/ YTab\Y S+\`-\Y Y1Z1 a1`y\4Z\ ]\`*ZSW\ j`*]Z1WWp T q ]\b`*]S, d -\a]Tb*WnD 1O `14 ]\`*Z1ZZq q Z1 4YT- ]\,1`ZdbSaq Z* e`\ZbD ,1`1aZT 5=88 `\Vd q 4,TWnZS,aq 4 *`YT^ T 4Z\,d ]Tj\, Z*,h*bSaq d V\W1/3TD *O V\3 q ,T/Z\,S, 4*Zqbbq W1-V\p *bW1bSO V\pD `ShT q ab*,*, ]1`1Y\3g1Y h1Y]T\O Z*bd TZWqZ/T^ 4 W1-V\^ *bW1bSVSB /,ThT , 1ab*e1bZ\Yd +T-d T \/SZ `*4 d +*`G2`Z\Yd +T-dD Ë™\ b\-\ 3 q 4/\+d, /,T ,SkT \a,TbS P b1fZThZd T 1V\Z\YThZdD SY h*a\Y `f\ 1VV\Z1Z ab*, ,]WS,\O ,SY ]\WTbSV\YD 5=96 `\gTE +d/dhS ]`1YG2`O YTZTab`\YE ,TZ 4*]`\]\Zd,*, Y1ZT /S]W\Y*O bShZd `\+\bd , Sb*^D *Y q ]\4Z*y\YS,aq 4 /1qVSYS /1`3*,ZSYS /Tqh*YSE , b\O Yd hSaWT 4 *\ 41/dZ\YE b\/TjZTY V1O `T,ZSV\Y V`*^ZSD k1 q 4dab`T, d Sb*^ Z*y,*3WS,Tjd Wp/SZd d a,\2Yd 3SbbT P -*`Zd /T,hSZd ZZTVVTE qV* ]`*gp,*W* Z* YTZTab1`ab,\ 4*V\`/\ZZSf a]`*, TZWqZ/T^D WSab\]*/T 5=9: `\Vd YS \/`d3SWSaqD *abd]Z\-\ `\Vd Y1Z1 ]1`1,1WS d eTZanO V1 ]\a\Wnab,\ , `-1ZbSZTD bTy V`*^ZT


, Z*a Z*`\/SW\aq /,\2 aSZT,D S ]\,1`ZdO WSan /\ TZWqZ/T^ d aThZT 5=:> `\VdE T Z14*O +*`\Y d Z*a 4Gq,SW*aq b`1bq /SbSZ* P /T,O hSZV*D

Lower left: Ensio Ilmonen/Lehtikuva; lower right: Esa Pyysalo/Lehtikuva

* Z*y,SkSf k*+Wqf ,W*/S \h* q ZTV\WS Z1 Z*W13*, /\ 3\/Z\^ ]\O WTbShZ\^ ]*`bT^E d WSab\]*/T 5=:7 `\Vd ]`1O 4S/1Zb 1VV\Z1Z 4*]`\]\Zd,*, Y1ZT ]\a*O /d YTZTab`* 4\,ZTjZn\^ b\`-T,WTD `\bq-\Y Z*abd]ZSf 56 `\VT, q ]`*gp,*, Z* j1aO bS `T4ZSf YTZTab1`anVSf ]\a*/*fE 4\V`1O Y* /,ThT +d, YTZTab`\Y 4*V\`/\ZZSf a]`*,D \/T q ,T`S,E k\ `\4dYZSY Wp/qY ]T/ aSWd ,S`TjSbS a,Tb\,T ]`\+W1YSD W1 Z1,/\,4T Y1ZT ab*W\ 4`\4dYTW\E k\ Wp/nYS V1`d2 3*-* /\ ,W*/SD ) Z* ,W*aZT \hT +*hS, Z1-*O bS,ZT Z*aWT/VS Z1/\,T`S T 4*4/`\abT L˚VVO W14Tqab* <B=MD ˛,Sh*yZ\E q b*V\3 +*hS,E k\ +*-*b\ Wp/1y kS`\ ]`*-Z1 ]\WT]jSbS aSbd*gTpD /Z*V Z*,Tbn bT ]\WTbShZT V1`T,ZSVSE qVT Y*pbn Z*yWT]jT Z*YT`SE Z1 a]`\Y\3ZT /\O aq-bS a,\^f gTW1yD WTbVd 5=;9 `\Vd -\W\,S 79 /1`3*, ]`SO ^f*WS /\ 1WnaTZVTE k\+ ,4qbS dh*abn d *O `*/T 4 +14]1VS T a]T,`\+TbZSgb,* , ,`\]TD b\y h*a q +d, YTZTab`\Y 4*V\`/\ZZSf a]`*, T +WS4nVSY `*/ZSV\Y ]`14S/1Zb* 1VV\Z1Z*D 1ZT /\`dhSWS 4*yY*bSaq \`O -*ZT4*gT2p *`*/S T 4dab`Th*bS ,aTf /1`O

3*,ZSf /TqhT,E qVT ]`S+d,*WS Z* gp 4dO ab`ThD T VTWnV* /ZT, ab*WS a]`*,3ZTY ,S]`\O +d,*ZZqY Y\^f /S]W\Y*bShZSf 4/T+Z\aO b1yD ˛ dh*aZSV*YS *`*/S +dW\ ,*3V\ /\Y\,SbSaq Z*,Tbn ]`\ b1E fb\ /1 +d/1 aSO /TbSI ,bTYE q ,,*3*,E k\ gq Z*`*/* T 4dO ab`ThTE qVT ]TaWq Z1^ ,T/+dWSaqE ]\a]`SqWS 4*fSabd ]`*, Wp/SZS T ]\WT]jSWS ab\adZO VS YT3 Z*//1`3*,*YSD

a,T/\YWpp a,\p ]\b`1+d , /df\,Z\Yd 5=<7 `\gT q ,Syj\, Z* ]1ZaTp T ]1`1O ^f*, /\ `*ZgT^E /1 3SW* Y\q /\ZnV*D ˛-\O /\Y /Wq Y1Z1 Z*ab*WS ,*3VT /ZTD WSaO b\]*/T 5==8 `\Vd , ZZTVVT ,Sq,SWS `*V Y\W\hZ\^ 4*W\4SD \-\ 3 `\Vd 4Gqad,*W\aqE k\ TZ,1abSgTyZ* ]`\-`*Y*E qVd q ]T/b`SO Yd,*,EP j*f`*yanV*D a1 3Sbbq q k\aSWS Z*Y*-*,aq 4+1`1-bS /\+`d `1]db*gTpE *W1 ^^ 4*]WqYd,*W\ 2/SZ1 ]\YSWV\,1 `Tj1ZZqD

`\bq-\Y a,\-\ 3Sbbq q h*a ,T/ h*ad 4dO ab`Th*, ,T/VT, -\,SD \h* Y1ZT ]\/\+*O W\anE k\ ,\ZS ]`Sf\/SWS /\ Z*aE T q +`*, d ZSf 3d`Z*WSE ]`\b1 +d, 4*,3/S 4*yZqO bSy T Z1 Y*, h*ad /Wq /df\,Z\-\D W1 b1O ]1` q /\-Wq/*, 4* ZZTVVTE qV* f,\`TW* Z* `*VD /Z\-\ ,1`1aZ1,\-\ /Zq 6>>6 `\Vd Y1Z1 ,T/,T/*, ,T/\V -\,SD TZ ]\ab*O ,S, 4*]Sb*ZZqE 4-*/*Z1 Z* ]\h*bVd gT2^ & ˛ ]`14S/1Zb\Y 1VV\Z1Z\Y T ]`14S/1Zb\Y " \`/\Y Z* 1WnaTZanVTy Z*`*/T 5=;9 `\Vd

˛ ]`14S/1Zb\Y 1VV\Z1Z\Y T V1`T,ZSV\Y */qZanV\-\ \p4d `13Z2,SY


`\4]\,T/TD ) /dY*,B w S /TyaZ\ Y\3WS,\ /T4Z*bSan ]`*,/d ]`\ \-*H S Y\3WS,\ ab*bS y\-\ /`d-\YHx ) 4Z*yj\, a,\p T+O WTpE qV* ,31 ,V`SW*an -`d+SY j*`\Y ]SO WdE T ]\h*, `1-dWq`Z\ \+-\,\`p,*bS ,qb1

SanY\ 4T ,T/V*YSD h1`,ZT 6>>8 `\Vd Y\q Wp+* /`d3SZ* ]\O Y1`W* T q 4*WSjS,aq a*YD Ë›,Sh*yZ\E /TbS ]T/b`SYd,*WS Y1Z1 1Y\gTyZ\E *W1 ]Sb*ZZq ]`\ aY1`bn Z1 /*,*WS Y1ZT a]\V\pD ) a]SO b*, /,\f Wpb1`*ZanVSf a,qk1ZSVT, ]`\ b1E k\ ab*2bnaq 4 Z*YSE V\WS YS ]\YS`*2O Y\D /Z*V ,\ZS ]`\ab\ aV*4*WSB w 1 aVW*/O Z1 ]Sb*ZZqxD *V* ,T/]\,T/n Z1 4*/\,\WnO ZSW* Y1Z1E T q k1 +TWnj1 da,T/\YS, a,\p ]\b`1+d , /df\,Z\YdD

`\/\,3dphS ,S,h*bS T+WTp 4T ,T/V*O YSE q Z*+d,*, b\hZSf 4Z*ZnE qVSf /d31 ]`*-Zd,D *]`SVW*/E d ,qb\Yd SanYT ]\qaZp2bnaqE k\ aY1`bn P g1 ab*Z Z1a,TO /\Y\abTE ]\/T+ZSy /\ aZdE * ]\Y1`WT ]\,1`O Zdbnaq /\ 3Sbbq Z* 41YWT Lı,*Z* 55B69MD 1 a]\,ZSW\ Y1Z1 Z*/T2p T /d31 ]\bTjSW\D 1,/\,4T q ]`\hSb*, dap T+WTpD * Y1Z1 a]`*,S, ,1WSV1 ,`*31ZZq +T+WTyZSy ,T`j Sf1q :B<B w dW\ b\+T ,Sq,W1Z\E \ Wp/SZ\E

k\ /\+`1E T h\-\ ]\3*/*2 ,T/ b1+1 \aO ]\/nEP ZTh\-\E * bTWnVS hSZSbS ]`*,\ad/O /qE T YSW\a1`/q Wp+SbSE T 4 b,\^Y \-\Y f\/SbS adYS`Z\xD 1Z1 ,`*4SW* -WS+SZ* T ,\/Z\h*a ]`\ab\b* gSf aWT,D \ZS b*O V\3 ]\V*4*WS Y1ZTE Z*aVTWnVS a]`*,1/WSO ,SY T a]\,Z1ZSY Wp+\,T 2 \- -\,*D

*/Tq Z* Y*y+dbZ2 SY +TWnj1 q /\,T/d,*,aq ]`\ \-*E bSY aSWnZTj1 ,T`S, d Zn\-\ T /\,T`q, y\YdD ) ]\h*, `\4,S,*bS 4T a,\^Y ,\`g1Y a]`*,O 3Zp /`d3+dI 1Z1 4,\`djSW\ b1E k\ -\O ,* V*31 , ıa*^ 99B55B w *V +d/1 T W\,\ \2E k\ ,Sf\/Sbn T4 dab \^fB ]\`\3ZTY /\ 1O Z1 ,\Z\ Z1 ,1`b*2bnaqE *W1 4`\+SbnE k\ ) ]\3*/*,E T +d/1 Y*bS ]\,\/31ZZq , b\O YdE Z* k\ ) y\-\ ]\aSW*,xD ]`*,/TE qVk\ \- /\aT ,SV\Zd,*, daT a,\^ \+TgqZVSE ,TZ +d/1 `\+SbS g1 T /*WTD -\,* 4/TyaZSbn b1E h\-\ Z1 4Y\-WS /\aq-bS Wp/anVT d`q/S 4* /\]\Y\-\p hSaW1ZZSf ]\WTbShZSf Z*`*/D V*3TY\E d a*WYT 8:B5> Z*]Sa*Z\B w 3 /\ V`*p 41YWT ]`S]SZq2 TZ ,TyZSxD ) \b`SY*, +*-*b\ V\`SabT ,T/ b\-\E k\ ]\h*, ,T/,T/d,*bS 4T+`*ZZq ,T/VT, -\,SD *Y q ,T/hd, Z* a\+T kS`d f`SabSqZanVd Wp+\,E qV* 2 \4Z*V\p a]`*,3ZTf ]\aWT/\,O ZSVT, ıada* Lı,*Z* 57B79MD q Wp+\, /\W*2 Z*gT\Z*WTabShZT +*`G2`SE T ^^ Z1 4Z*y/1j d a,TbT ]\WTbSVS T V\Y1`gT^D

*y+TWnj* h1abn

) +1`d *VbS,Zd dh*abn d f`SabSqZanVTy /TqWnZ\abT 6:

`\+d/SanI Th1Zn 6>56

1ZT ,31 ]\Z*/ => `\VT,E T q ,,*3*pE k\ Z*y+TWnj* h1abnE qV* ,S]*W* Y1ZT , 3SbO bTEP g1 +dbS ,T/V\Y -\,SD ) ,b*Yd,*, a,\p /df\,Zd a]`*-d T bTjdaqE k\ 4Z*yj\, 4YTab d 3SbbT b* /T4Z*,aq ]`*,/d ]`\ \-*D *V\3 q `*/TpE k\ , b*V\Yd ,TgT Y\3d +`*bS /\aSbn *VbS,Zd dh*abn d f`SabSqZO anVTy /TqWnZ\abTD a,\2Yd 3SbbT q +d, 4Z*y\YSy 4 +*-*bnY* ,]WS,\,SYS Wp/nYS T \+TyY*, ,Sa\VT ]\a*/SE \/Z*V ZTk\ Z1 4`T,Zq2bnaq 4 h1abp 4Z*bS \-* T +dbS y\-\ /`d-\YD ) /d31 ,/qhZSy -\,T T f\hd aW*O ,SbS y\-\ 4* Y\3WS,Tabn +dbS y\-\ a]T,O ]`*gT,ZSV\Y L5 \`SZeqZ 7B=MD TV\WS Z1 ]T4Z\ ab*bS /`d-\Y ,\`gqE \-* -\,SI


ıË™ " ı

\Yd q ,T/Y\,SW*an ,T/ +WSaVdh\^ V*`G2`S Lh1`,1Zn 6>5> `\VdMD `*Vd2 aWT,E k\+ ]\/qVdO ,*bS ,*Y 4* gp ab*bbpD 1ZT 7= `\VT,E T q a*Y* ,Sf\,dp b`n\f /Tb1yD bTy h*abSZT \aT^E /1 q 3S,dE /d31 ,*3V\ 4Z*ybS `\+\bdD W1 ]`SVW*/ *`bS 1`1aS *`V1a Z*/SfZd, Y1Z1 T a]\ZdV*, /\ /TyD ab*bbT `\4]\,T/*W\aqE k\ *`b* -\bdO ,*W* ab`*,d b*Y*W1 T ]`\/*,*W* Z* ,dWSgTE *+S 4*+14]1hd,*bS a1+1 b* ]`\]\,T/d,*bS ]\,Z\h*aO Z\D ) ,S`TjSW* Z*aWT/d,*bS ^^ ]`SVW*/ T ]\h*O W* ]1VbS ]S`T3VSD a1 ]TjW\ /\+`1E T g1 ab*W\ Z*j\p aTY1yZ\p a]`*,\pD `TY b\-\E /TbS Z*+dO ,*pbn V\`SaZSf Z*,Sh\V T ,h*bnaq +dbS ,T/]\,TO /*WnZSYSD D DE \aTq

\W\/T Wp/S 4*]SbdpbnD )V ]\qaZSbS ]\-Wq/ T+WT^ Z* -\Y\a1Vad*WT4YH L-`dO /1Zn 6>5> `\VdMD ) \/`d31ZSy ,31 /1O aqbn `\VT, T Y*p /SbSZdD W1 k\/Zq q +\`paq 4 wV\WphV\p , bTWTxD 1Z1 YdO hSbn ]\bq- /\ h\W\,TVT,E T jWp+ Z1 ,SO `TjS, Y\2^ ]`\+W1YSD ) +d, d -WS+\V\Yd `\4]*hTE T Y1ZT 4/*,*W\aqE k\ q ZTV\WS Z1 ]1`1Y\3d a,\^f ]`*-Z1ZnD /Z*VE ]`\O hSb*,jS gp ab*bbpE q +TWnj1 Z1 ]\hd,*O paq +14Z*/TyZSYE */31 Y1ZT ,/*W\aq /\aq-bS `1*WTabShZ\^ Y1bS P Z1 ]T//*,*O bSaq Z1]`*,SWnZSY +*3*ZZqY L6 \`SZO eqZ 56B;MD

ıYGq Z1 ,V*4*Z\E "

ıË™ ıË™ı Ë™ ı 7>E 75

˙3D DE ]`14S/1Zb e\Z/d /\]\Y\-S 4*^V*YE "

) +\`paq 4 -\Y\a1Vad*WnZSYS Z*fSW*O YS 4 ]GqbS `\VT,D 1ZT ,31 :5E *W1 gT ]`*-Z1ZZq Z1 \aW*+WSD ab*bbT Y1ZT \a\+WS,\ a]\/\+*W*an /dYV*E k\ Z*,Tbn Wp/S 4 b`*/SgTyZ\p \`T2Zb*gT2p ]\,SZO ZT ab`SYd,*bSan ,T/ +Wd/d T k\ 2 w+*-*b\ Z1\/`d31ZSf \aT+E V\b`T Z1 Y*pbn ]1`aO ]1VbS,S ab,\`SbS aTYGpE b* \/`d31ZSfE d qVSf ]*`bZ1` Z1 Y\31 3SbS ab*b1,SY 3SbbqYxD ı ,a1 3 b*VT Wp/S 4*WSj*pbnO aq k*aWS,SYSE f\h* y Z1 , ab*ZT 4*/\O ,\WnZqbS a,\^f a1Vad*WnZSf +*3*ZnD b\3 b\yE fb\ ,T/hd,*2 -\Y\a1Vad*WnZSy ]\bq-E Y\31 `\+SbS b1 a*Y1E qVk\ ]`*-Z1 ]\/\+*bSan \-\,TD ) /d31 ,/qhZSy ,*YE k\ ,S ]T/V`T]Wq2b1 Wp/1yE qVT ]1`1+d,*O pbn d b*VTy aSbd*gT^D

5D *2 +dbS 5> ,1`+Wp/T,E * Z1 55D 6D 1,1V* Z*]\,O ZSW* V\`Sb\E * Z1 b`S +\hVSD 7D Wd-* /*, 1,1gT Z\O a\,d a1`13Vd b* /,* +`*aW1bSE * Z1 Z*YSab\D 8D 5:> >>>D 9D D

)V /*,*bS a\+T `*/d T4 4*^V*ZZqY Lb`*,1Zn 6>5> `\VdMD ˙d31 ,*Y ,/qhZT 4* b*Vd b\hZd TZe\`Y*gTp ]`\ 4*^V*ZO ZqD S 4 daTf aSW Z*Y*-*2Y\aq 4*]1,ZqbS Wp/1yE V\b`T 4*^V*pbnaqE k\ TaZd2 hSY*O W\ 1e1VbS,ZSf Y1b\/T,E qV 4*`*/SbS ^fO ZTy ]`\+W1YTD

ıYGq Z1 ,V*4*Z\E " `\+d/SanI Th1Zn 6>56

6;


)˙ ı ıı

S Y\31 k\an

,S]`*,/*bS -\Y\a1Vad*WT4YH & V`*^Z*f /1/*WT +TWnj1 Wp/1y ]1`1ab*2 ,,*3*bS -\Y\a1Vad*O WT4Y hSY\an -*Z1+ZSYD `d]* \aT+ , \/ZTy 4 g1`V\, d " 4*VWSV*2 ]1`1-WqZdbS b1E k\ T+WTq -\,\`Sbn ]`\ -\Y\a1Vad*WT4YE d wa,TbWT adh*aZ\-\ 4Z*ZZqxD /SZ ]*aO b\` 4 `*4SWT^E qVSy Z1k\/*,Z\ ]\+`*,aq 4 \a\+\p bT2^ 3 ab*bTE b*V\3 4*\f\hd,*, w]\OZ\,\Yd \gTZSbS T+WTpxE ]`*-ZdhS d4-\/SbS 4 Z1p w]`\-`1aS,ZTx ]\-Wq/S a,\2^ g1`V,SD 1`T/V\ Wp/1yE qVT Z1 af,*Wppbn -\Y\O a1Vad*WT4YdE 4,SZd,*hdpbn , d]1`1/31O Z\abT b* -\Y\e\+T^D W1 k\ V*31 T+WTqH

\-Wq/ T+WT^ T+WTq Z1 4*\f\hd2 d]1`1/31Z\ ab*,SO bSan /\ Wp/1yD /Z*V ^^ ]\-Wq/ Z* -\Y\O a1Vad*WnZT /T^ \/Z\4Z*hZSyD w˛ h\W\,TV\Y Z1 +d/1j W13*bS qV 4 3TZV\pEP -S/\b* ,\Z\Ix L 1,Sb 5<B66MD q 4*+\`\Z*E qV T +*-*b\ TZjSf Y\`*WnO ZSf Z\`YE YTabSW*aq , \ya12,\Yd 4*V\O ZTD ıE f\h* ˛*V\Z +d, /*ZSy T4`*^WnanV\Yd Z*`\/\,TE a*Y* 4*+\`\Z* ,T/\+`*3*2 \O 3Sy ]\-Wq/ Z* -\Y\a1Vad*WnZT /T^E f\h +S fb\ ^f hSZS, P 2,`1y hS Wp/SZ* 4 TZj\-\ Z*`\/dD 4*]\,T/T hTbV\ aV*4*Z\B w S/\O b* ,\Z\Ix \Y\a1Vad*WT4YE V`\,\4YTj1ZO ZqE ]1`1Wp+ b* TZjT Z1Y\`*WnZT ab\adZVS +dWS ]\jS`1ZT a1`1/ Z*`\/T,E qVT 3SWS /\,V\W* ı4`*^WqD 1`14 g1 \- ,,*3*, bT Z*`\/S Z1hSabSYS L 1,Sb 5<B68E 69MD S \3Sy ]\-Wq/ Z* a]`*,d 4YTZS,aq d f`SaO bSqZanVT h*aSH \YT`Vdyb1 Z*/ b*VSY +T+O WTyZSY ,T`j1YD 6<

`\+d/SanI Th1Zn 6>56

w \-DDD /\4,\WS, ^Y V1`d,*bSaq -*Z1+O Z\p ]\fTbbpB Z*,Tbn ^fZT 3TZVS 4*O YTZSWS ]`S`\/ZT ab*b1,T 4Z\aSZS Z* ]`\bS]`S`\/ZTD \/T+Z\ y h\W\,TVS ,T/O Y\,SWSan ,T/ ab*b1,Sf 4Z\aSZ 4 3TZV*O YS T Z1a*Y\,Sb\ `\4]*WSWSaq ]\fTbO bp \/ZT /\ \/ZSfB h\W\,TVS /\ h\W\,TVT,D \ZS hSZqbn Z1]`Sab\yZ1x L SYWqZ 5B6:E 6;MD \Yd T+WTq Z*4S,*2 -\Y\a1Vad*WnZT ab\adZVS ]`\bS]`S`\/ZSYS b* Z1]`Sab\yO ZSYSH \Yd k\ ab*b1,T 4Z\aSZS YT3 \a\O +*YS \/ZT2^ ab*bT ad]1`1h*bn \3\Yd 4*O /dYdD Z*aWT/\V b*VSf 4Z\aSZ Z1 Y\3dbn 4Gq,WqbSaq /TbSD T+WT^ -\Y\a1Vad*WnZT ab\adZVS ]`S`T,Zppbnaq /\ ab*b1,Sf 4Z\O aSZE qVT +dZbT,ZT *Z-1WSE ]T4ZTj1 Z*4,*O ZT /1Y\Z*YSE Y*WS 4 3TZV*YS /\ \b\]d L dbbq :B8C 5=B8E 9C (/S :E ;MD +S/,* ,S/S b*VSf ab\adZVT, \- ,,*3*2 ]`\bS]`S`\/O ZSYSD

S Y\3dbn qVTan hSZZSVS ,S]`*,/*bS -\Y\a1Vad*WT4YH ˙1fb\ YT`Vd2B w S Y\31 a]*/V\,TabnE a1`1/\,Sk1 *+\ b`*,Y*bShZT ]\/T^E qVO\b ab*b1,* Z*`d-*E ,S]`*,/*bS aW*+VTabn WpO /SZSE V\b`* ]T//*W*aq -\Y\a1Vad*WnZ\Yd ]\bq-dHx TD \4-WqZnb1 ]`SVW*/D p/SZ* Y\31 Y*bS da]*/V\,*ZdE Z* /dYVd /1qVSf ,h1ZSfE afSWnZTabn /\ 4W\,3S,*ZZq *WV\O -\W1YE *+\ 3 ,\Z* ,S`\ab*W* , aTYG^E /1 4W\,3S,*WS *WV\-\W1YD ˛,TaZ\E +TWnjTabn Wp/1y ab*,SbSYdbnaq /\ Z1^ 4 `\4dYTZZqYD

`\b1 ZTfb\ Z1 +d/1 4*\f\hd,*bS b*Vd \a\O +d /*WT ]SqhSbS hS ]`S]SZqbS +\`\bn+d WSj1 b\YdE k\ ,\Z* Z*`\/SW*aq 4T 4-d+O Z\p afSWnZTabp *+\ Z*+dW* ^^ , aTYG^D


S b`1+* ]1`1-Wq/*bS \3Sy ]\-Wq/ Z* -\Y\a1Vad*WT4YH

*V a*Y\ y T+WTqD \Z* Z1 4*ad/3d2 Wp/1yE V\b`T +\`pbnaq 4 -\Y\a1Vad*WnZSO YS Z*fSW*YSE \/Z*V d 3\/Z\Yd `*4T Z1 ,S]`*,/\,d2 ]\bd`*ZZq b*VTy afSWnZ\abTE f\h +S qV\p ,\Z* +dW*B a]*/V\,\p hS Z*+db\p L SYWqZ ;B65P69C 5 \`SZeqZ =B6;MD \3\Yd W\,T YTabqbnaq ]`*VbShO ZT ]\`*/S T 4*\f\h1ZZqE qVT /\]\Y*-*pbn ab`SYd,*bSan ,T/ -\Y\a1Vad*WT4YdD

\-\ \hTVd2 \- ,T/ Wp/1y 4 -\Y\a1Vad*WnZSYS Z*fSW*YSH T+WTq 4*]1,Zq2E k\ \- ]`*-Z1E *+S wdaTWqVT Wp/S a]*aWSaq T Z*+dWS b\hZ\-\ 4Z*ZZq ]`*,/Sx L5 SY\eTq 6B8MD \h* T+O WTq Z1 af,*Wp2 -\Y\a1Vad*WT4YdE ,\Z* Z1 4*\f\hd2 Z1Z*,S/TbS -\Y\a1Vad*WTabT,D \3Sy ]\-Wq/ Z* -\Y\a1Vad*WT4Y 4*WSO j*2bnaq Z14YTZZSYD 5 \`SZeqZ :B=E 5> T+WTq hTbV\ -\,\`SbnE k\ wh\W\,TVSE qVT a]Wqbn 4 h\W\,TV*YSDDD \3\-\ g*`ab,* Z1 da]*/VdpbnxD W1 , Z*abd]Z\YdE \/SZ*/O gqb\YdE ,T`jT YTabSbnaq ,bTjZ* /dYV*B w *VSYS +dWS /1V\b`T 4 ,*aE ]`\b1 \-

a,\^Y /df\Y ,*a \+YS,E \a,qbS, T ,S4Z*, ]`*,1/ZSYS , TYGq Z*j\-\ \a]\/* ıada* `Sab*xD b31E bTE fb\ kS`\ ]`*-Zd, /\b`SYd,*O bSan \3Sf ,SY\-E Y\-WS ab*bS hW1Z*YS f`SabSqZanV\-\ 4+\`d , ]1`j\Yd ab\WTbO bTD *V a*Y\ y an\-\/ZTB \- af,*Wp2 WpO /1yE qVT d4-\/3dpbn a,\2 3Sbbq 4 y\-\ ,SO Y\-*YSE * Z1 bSfE fb\ f\h1 aWd3SbS y\YdE ]`Sab\ad,*,jS T+WTp /\ a,\^f +*3*ZnD

& ı H

˘ )V \- ab*,Sbnaq /\ -\Y\a1Vad*WT4YdH L SYWqZ 5B6:E 6;MD ˘ S ,S`*3*2 T+WTq d]1`1/31ZZq /\ Wp/1yE qVT Y*pbn -\Y\a1Vad*WnZT Z*fSWSH L5 SY\eTq 6B8MD ˘ S Y\3WS,\ ]`\bSab\qbS -\Y\a1Vad*WnZ\Yd ]\bq-dH L5 \`SZeqZ :B=P55MD

`\+d/SanI Th1Zn 6>56

6=


ı • ˚ ˙ ı

#\ Z* Y*WpZVd 4\+`*31Z\ Z1]`*,SWnZ\H

ı &D )VT f\`\jT `SaS ,Sq,SW* 1,1V*H ı˙ ˛ D `\hSb*yb1 `S]\O ,Tab1y 75B5;E 6;E 6=P75C 5 1b`* 8B=D )V Y\3Z* ^^ Z*aWT/d,*bSH ı˙ ˛ D `\O hSb*yb1 `S]\,Tab1y 55B69C SYWqZ 56B55D

`\hSb*yb1 dbbq 68B5P8E 5>P67D ˛*]SO jTbn ,ZS4d b`S Z1b\hZ\abTE qVT ,S ]\YTbSWSE T `\4e*`+dyb1 Y*WpZ\VD

˛ ˙ ) ˙ ) ı GıD * *`VdjT ]*]1O

5˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝ 6˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝ 7˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝

`d 4*]SjS TYGq Wp/SZSE qVTy bS f\bT, +S /\]\Y\-bSD ˙*WT aVW*/S a]Sa\V 4*,/*ZnE qVT Y\3Z* +dW\ + /Wq Z1^ 4`\+SbSD \V*3S *`Vdj TZjSY hW1Z*Y aTYG^D *4\Y \+YT`O Vdyb1E k\ a*Y1 T V\WS ,S Y\31b1 ,SV\Z*bSD TaWq b\-\ qV ,S /\]\Y\31b1 gTy Wp/SZTE 4+1`Tbnaq `*4\Y T \+-\,\`Tbn a,\^ ]\hdbbqD

˘ T/]\,T/T Z* ab\`TZgT 6;D

˙\/*bV\,T ]`SYT`ZSVS ab*b1y

4 gT2^ `d+`SVS ,S Y\31b1 `\4/`dVd,*bS 4 a*ybd www.jw.org


TV*,\ T ]\,h*WnZ\

*]Sa*Z* \ab*ZZq

VZS-* T+WT^

=< `TV ZD 1D

S`T3b1E 4T-ZTbn ]\a1`1/SZT T 4+1`T-*yb1

ı ) ˛˚ ) ˚

5 `TV ZD 1D

LHM

• ˝S, d ]1`T\/ XVII—XV abD /\ ZD 1D

˛ ˝ )D \W\,TV wZ1,SZZSy b* ]`*,1/ZSyx d \3Sf \h*f L•\,* 5B<MD \h* /`d3SZ* b* TZjT Wp/S bSaZdWS Z* •\,*E ,TZ Z1 4`*/S, -\,S L•\,* 5B6>P66C 6B=E 5>MD •\, da1 ,Sb`SY*, T Y*, +W*-\aW\,1ZZq ,T/ -\,SD 1 /\/*2 Z*Y Yd3Z\abTE k\+ abTyV\ 4Z\aSbS ,S]`\+d,*ZZq L•\,* 86B56P5;C )V\,* 9B55MD

˛ ) D •\, Y*, aSZT, b* /\h\VD

ı˙ ı˙ı D 58E : L•\,* 5B6C 86B57MD

D #\ *b*Z* 4*+`*, d •\,*H

D •\-\ fd/\+dE aWd-E /Tb1y b* 4/\`\,Gq L•\,* 5B57P5=C 6B8P;MD

D wa,\2^ Z1,SZZ\abSx L•\,* 6;B9MD b,\`1ZSy /*Y

D ˙\]\,ZTbn aW\,* •\,*B w˙\VS q Z1 ]\Y`dDDD q Z1 ,T/VSZd ,T/ a1+1xD 8>6: `TV /\ ZD 1D

ı ı•

57

˝S, d YTabT g

p/S y V`*^ZS 8D 1Z1 4,*bS dV*aE T Y1ZT ; `\VT,D ) 3S,d , TO Y1hhSZTD VTWnVS ]`S+WS4Z\ ,T/VT, -\,S 3S,1 , TY1hhSZTB :> >>>E 5>> >>> hS 5:> >>>H 9D +,1/S V`*]VdE qV* ]\V*4d2E /1 Y\q V`*^Z*D \ab*, V`*]Vd b*YE /1 3S,1j bSE T ]\/S,SanE hS g1 /*W1V\ ,T/ TY1hhSZSD

˛Z*y/S Y*WpZ\V * qVSf ab\`TZV*f ]\YTk1O Z\ gT TWpab`*gT^H ]SjS a,\^YS aW\,*YSE k\ 4\+`*O 31Z\ Z* V\3ZTy 4 ZSfD

A

`\+d/SanI Th1Zn 6>56

75


\ZS gTZdpbn \3d Wp+\, ˘ ıada Z*,h*, gTZd,*bS \3d Wp+\,D TZ -\,\`S,B w \- b*V ]\Wp+S, a,TbE k\ ,T//*, a,\-\ 2/SZ\`\/Z\-\ SZ*E *+S V\31ZE fb\ ,Sq,Wq2E k\ ,T`Sbn d Zn\-\E Z1 +d, 4ZSk1ZSyE * \b`SY*, 3Sbbq ,ThZ1x Lı,*Z* 7B5:MD VZS3O gT w *+WS4nb1an /\ -\,Sx qaV`*,\ \]Sa*Z\E qVd ,1WSVd Wp+\, \- ,Sq,Wq2 /\ Z*a T qV1 hd/\,1 Y*y+dbZ2 Y\3O WS,1 4*,/qVS 31`b,T y\-\ aSZ*E ıada* `Sab*D ˝TZV* 4T jb*bd W\`S/* L " M Z*]Sa*W*B w `\hSO b*,jS ]GqbSy `\4/TWE q ,T/hdW* -WS+\Vd ]\j*Zd /\ -\,S T +dW* 4*f\]W1Z* y\-\ `Sa*YSB Wp+\,GpE Yd/`Tabp b* Y\-dbZn\p aSW\pD \WS q `\4/dYdp Z*/ y\-\ b,\`TZO ZqYE Y\2 a1`g1 Z*]\,Zp2bnaq k1 +TWnj\p Wp+\,Gp /\ \-*xD ıZj* 3TZV* 4 T,/1ZZ\^ ˙*V\bS L " M `\4]\,TW*B w TWnj qV 7> `\VT, Y1ZT +dW\ ,*3V\ ,Sq,WqbS Wp+\, LhS ,T/hd,*bSE k\ Y1Z1 Wp+WqbnMD Sj1 gq VZS3V* /\]\Y\-W* Y1ZTxD 76>Oab\`TZV\,Ty VZS3gT w *+WS4nb1an /\ -\,Sx `\4O -Wq/*pbnaq \aZ\,ZT `SaS \-*B aSW*E a]`*,1/WS,TabnE Yd/`Tabn b* Wp+\,D +S 4*Y\,SbS ]`SYT`ZSV gT2^ VZS3O VSE 4*]\,ZTbn ZS3h1]\/*ZSy Vd]\Z T ,T/]`*,b1 y\-\ Z* ,T/]\,T/Zd */`1adE k\ Z* 9Oy ab\`TZgT gn\-\ 3d`Z*WdD

Q 1 +1`dhS Z* a1+1 3\/ZSf 4\+\,Gq4*ZnE q f\O hd 4*Y\,SbS gp VZS3VdD )V\p Y\,\pD

\Yd

d/S L*/`1a*E TZ/1VaM

Q `\jd 4,Gq4*bSaq 4T YZ\p /Wq ]`\,1/1ZZq +14]W*bZ\-\ /\Y*jZn\-\

,S,h1ZZq T+WT^D

www.watchtower.org/k

˛& ˚ & ˙

g12 01-K


Turn static files into dynamic content formats.

Create a flipbook
Issuu converts static files into: digital portfolios, online yearbooks, online catalogs, digital photo albums and more. Sign up and create your flipbook.