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`-1ZbSZ*B Casilla 83 (Suc 27B), C1427WAB Cdad. Aut. de Buenos Aires. TW\`danB 66>>7>E SZaVE *Nq =D 1WSV\+`Sb*ZTqB The Ridgeway, London NW7 1RN. Äą4`*^WnB PO Box 29345, ´ 61293 Tel Aviv. Äąa]*ZTqB Apartado 132, 28850 Torrejon de Ardoz (Madrid). Äąb*WTqB Via della Bufalotta 1281, I-00138 Rome RM. *Z*/*B PO Box 4100, Georgetown, ON L7G 4Y4. \W/\,*E ˘ 1a]d+WTV*B PO Box 472, MD-2005 Chi ¸sinau. TY1hhSZ*B 65617 Selters. \Wnk*B ulD Warszawska 58E >9O<7> NadarzynD \`bd-*WTqB Apartado 91, P-2766-955 Estoril. \aTqB 5=;;7=E *ZVbO 1b1`+d`-E ]D \WZ1hZ\1E dWD `1/ZqqE :D W\,*hhSZ*B PO Box 2, 830 04 Bratislava 34. " B 25 Columbia Heights, Brooklyn, NY 11201-2483. V`*^Z*B *Na =99E n,T,O `pf\,ShTE ;=8=5D `*ZgTqB BP 625, F-27406 Louviers Cedex.

Vol. 133, No. 5

The Watchtower (ISSN 0043-1087) is published semimonthly by Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.; L. Weaver, Jr., President; G. F. Simonis, Secretary-Treasurer; 25 Columbia Heights, Brooklyn, NY 11201-2483. Druck und Verlag: Wachtturm Bibelund Traktat-Gesellschaft der Zeugen Jehovas, e. V.E Selters/Taunus. Verantwortliche Redaktion: Ramon Templeton, Selters/Taunus. ˘ 2012 Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania. aT ]`*,* 4+1`T-*pbnaqD Printed in Germany.

Semimonthly

UKRAINIAN


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& • ˚ & ı˛ ˛ ˝˚ ) ˛ ˙ ı LII III D D ˚DM Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY

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˙ 5 ˚ ˚˛ ) 6>56

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