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Port of Tianjin 1 Location and layout

Coordinates: 38°58′33″N 117°47′15″E / 38.97583°N 117.78750°E

The Port of Tianjin (Tianjin Gang, Chinese: 天津港; Main article: Layout of the Port of Tianjin pinyin: tiānjīn gǎng), formerly known as the Port of Tanggu, is the largest port in Northern China and the main maritime gateway to Beijing. The name “Tianjin Xingang”(Chinese: 天津新港; pinyin: tiānjīn xīngǎng; literally: “Tianjin New Port”), which strictly speaking refers only to the main seaport area, is sometimes used to refer to the whole port. The port is on the western shore of the Bohai Bay, centred on the estuary of the Haihe River, 170 km southeast of Beijing and 60 km east of Tianjin city. It is the largest man-made port in mainland China,* [7] and one of the largest in the world. It covers 121 square kilometers of land surface, with over 31.9 km of quay shoreline and 151 production berths at the end of Tianjin Port 2010.* [8] Location of the Port of Tianjin Tianjin Port handled 500 million tonnes of cargo and 13 million TEU of containers in 2013,* [9] making it the world's fourth largest port by throughput tonnage and The Port of Tianjin is on the coast of Tianjin Municithe ninth in container throughput.* [10] The port trades pality, in the former county of Tanggu, on the coast bewith more than 600 ports in 180 countries and territo- tween the estuaries of the Haihe to the south and the New ries around the world.* [2] It is served by over 115 reg- Yongding River to the north. To the west, the port borular container lines.* [11] run by 60 liner companies, in- ders the city of Tanggu (now the Urban Core of the Binhai cluding all the top 20 liners. Expansion in the last two New Area) and the TEDA. To the east, the port opens up decades has been enormous, going from 30 million tonnes to the Bohai Bay. of cargo and 490,000 TEU* [12] in 1993 to well beyond Tianjin Port is divided into nine port areas: the three core 400 million tonnes and 10 million TEU in 2012.* [13] Ca- (“Tianjin Xingang”) areas of Beijiang, Nanjiang, and pacity is still increasing at a high rate, with 550–600 Mt Dongjiang around the Xingang fairway;* [14] the Haihe of throughput capacity expected by 2015. area along the river; the Beitang port area around the BeiThe port is part of the Binhai New Area district of Tianjin tangkou estuary; the Dagukou port area in the estuary Municipality, the main special economic zone of northern of the Haihe River; and three areas under construction China, and it lies directly east of the TEDA. The Port (Hanggu, Gaoshaling, Nangang). of Tianjin is at the core of the ambitious development program of the BNA and, as part of that plan, the port aims to become the primary logistics and shipping hub of North China.

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Legend

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Beijiang Power Station

Current Port Facilities

Lighthouse

Under Development or Reclamation

Lead Light

VTS Tower

Central Fishing Port

Radar Tower

Dongli Lake Huanggang First Reservoir

Huanggang Second Reservoir

Kiev ier Carre Park

Sino-Singapore Ecological City

raft Airc Them

Yon

Tianjin Port Group HQ

HANGU PORT AREA

Fishing Port

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Ji Canal

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Ha 8

S30 Jingjin S308 Yangbei

S21

Tianjin Binhai Intl Airport

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ang

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TANGGU

Tianjin Fisheries Shortwave Station

Beitangkou Estuary Av

Binhai Eastern General Heliport

TEDA

TPG

Tianj Free in TradePort Zone

Lights

Xingang Shiplock

Chuanzh

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Channel

Third Pier

Main Channel

First Pier

Xingang

Forts TakuPark

Bohai Oil Co. Complex

Second Pier

SAR Base

Haihe Barrier

Tidal

Dongjiang FTZ Customs

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Lead

Lead Lights

East

Pier

(Dongtudi)

10m

Isobath Depth Mark

Spoils Area A

Spoils Area C

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Point 1 (Embarkation)

Point 1 (Disembarkation) Racon K

Dagu Lighthouse

DAGUKOU PORT AREA

Point 2 (Embarkation)

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Point 2 (Disembarkation)

Lingang Shipbuildi & Shiprepair

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Point 3 (Embarkation)

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Lingang Economic Area Tanggu Airport

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Main Harbor Basin

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VTS Gateline

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Anchorage No 4 ===

20m

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GAOSHALING PORT AREA

20m

5m 10m

100,000 DWT Anchorage Xingang 35 Iso.4s Racon (O)

Beitang (Shanggulin) RBN/DGPS Station

DAGANG

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BOHAI BAY

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20m

Fl(2)G.6s

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Hospital

Cruise Homeport

Fl(2+1)R.12s

NANJIANG PORT AREA

Tianjin Port Bulk Logistics Center Expy

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Coastal Radio Station

Xingang D2

Fl(2)G.6s

Duli

Pilot Embarkation Point

Fl.R.4s

Xingang 35

zhen

Town or District

10m

Dongjiang Scenic Area

VTS Tower

Xingang 44 Nanjiang Radar Station

S50 Jinpu Expy

Chang

CAOFEIDIAN

DONGJIANG PORT AREA

BEIJIANG PORT AREA TPFTZ Customs

Chuanzha

LANJIADAO

DONGGU

DAGU

Free jiang Dong Zone Trade

Hospital

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XIANGLUOWAN

Port

Tianjin Coastal Radio Tanggu Station

YUJIAPU

XIGU

Rive

Basin

Hai

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Tianjin Maritime Court TANGGU CBD

HAIHE PORT AREA

G25

Airport

Norther

SAR Center

Haihe Beacon 24

Tianjin Avenue

Railway Free Trade Zone/ CBD

Aerodrome

Search and Rescue

Xingang Customs

G103 Highway

Haihe Second Barrier

Nigu

Isobath Under Construction Major Road

Shore beacon

Ninth Avenue

Expy

Container Logistics Center

Jingjin

S3 Jinbin

Heliport

NOT FOR USE IN NAVIGATION

BEITANG PORT AREA 2m

S40

Junliancheng JUNLIANGCHENG Antenna Complex

Provincial Expressway Provincial Highway National Highway

BEITANG

Hwy

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On 12 August 2015, at least two explosions within 30 seconds of each other occurred at a container storage station at the Port of Tianjin in the Binhai New Area of Tianjin, China. The cause of the explosions was not immediately known, but initial reports pointed to an industrial accident. Chinese state media said that at least the initial blast was from unknown hazardous materials in shipping containers at a plant warehouse owned by Ruihai Logistics, a ﬁrm specializing in handling hazardous materials.

Shipping Channel

National Expressway

Safe Water Buoy

Anchorage Area

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Beitang Reservoir

Huanggang Receiving Station

Port Buoy Starboard Buoy

20m

Duliujia n River

5m Dagang 146

Nangang Channel

Fl.R.4s

Beidagang Reservoir

20m

NANGANG PORT AREA

10m

Map of the Port of Tianjin

Ziya River

2011

Map of the Port of Tianjin and its Approaches

Anchorage No5

North

Not to scale

3 HISTORY

Geophysical setting

However, it was not until after the conclusion of the Second Opium War in 1860 that the port of Tanggu became an important transshipment center, allowing oceanMain article: Layout of the Port of Tianjin The coastal area of Tianjin municipality before devel- going ships to lighter their cargoes to cross the very shallow sandbar barring the entrance to Haihe, the Taku Bar (大沽坝—the name of this barrier was often used by foreign powers to refer to the entire port). After the Boxer Rebellion, the whole of Tanggu came under foreign occupation, and those foreign powers developed an extensive network of quays on the riverside.* [16] The capacity of the Tanggu and Tianjin river port was limited, and so the Japanese occupation forces started in 1940 the construction of the Tanggu Xingang seaport (later the Tianjin Xingang port) outside the river estuary.* [17] By the end of the war, the new port was incomplete, and damage during the Chinese Civil War left it unusable by the time of its capture in 1949. The Communists reconstructed the Tanggu New Port slowly. On 17 October 1952, it reopened for traffic. At the time, the main channel was dredged to 6 m depth, could handle ships of up to 7,000 DWT and had an annual throughput of only 800,000 tonnes —less than 1/500 of present capacity.* [18] The port remained small throughout the Maoist era, although it pioneered the first container routes and dedicated container terminal in China. The export boom that followed the post-1979 Reform and Opening period put enormous pressure on the rickety port infrastructure of China. Congestion became serious enough to force reform by the central government: On 1 North Bulwark of Tianjin Port June 1984, the Port of Tianjin was transferred from direct opment was dominated by mudflats, salt marshes (and control of the Ministry of Communications to a “dual” salterns), and coastal shallows. This littoral zone is wide system of shared central and local control. and slopes gently: The 0 m isobath (the intertidal flats) extends to 3–8 km from shore at a slope of 0.71–1.28%, Port of Tianjin: the −5 m isobath extends 14–18 km from shore, and the Annual Throughput 1990-2011 −10 m isobath reaches 22–36 km from shore. These features make deep water navigation dependent on extensive dredging, and it means that land reclamation is a costeffective option for construction. Tianjin Port is by necessity largely man-made through dredging and reclamation.* [15] 14000000

500 450

10000000

350 300

8000000

250

6000000

200 150

Containers (TEU)

Total Cargo (million tonnes)

12000000

400

4000000

100

2000000 50 0

History

0 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010

Year Total Cargo Throughput Container Throughput

Main article: History of the Port of Tianjin Annual Throughput of the Port of Tianjin 1990–2011

The lower course and estuary of the Haihe is the main stem of a large navigable basin, as well as the westernmost seashore of the North China Plain, and there have been major ports on the area at least since the late Eastern Han Dynasty. The river port at the junction of the Grand Canal served as both an inland port and seaport supplying the northeast border of Chinese states. Since 1153, it was the critical supply hub for what is now Beijing.

Production then increased in leaps and bounds. In 1988 throughput passed the 20 million tonnes milestone, and in the ten years from 1993, annual throughput growth averaged 10 million tonnes every year. In December 2001, the port was the ﬁrst port in north China to reach the 100 million tonnes mark.* [19] In 2004 it reached 200 million tonnes, in 2007 300 million tonnes and in 2010 400 mil-

4.1

Anchorages

lion tonnes. The container handling capacity of the port the Haihe river channel are separate fairways with slightly increased from 0.4 million TEU in 1992, to 2.4 million diﬀerent regulations. TEU in 2002, 7.1 million TEU in 2007, and more than 10 million TEU in 2010. The structure of the port also changed. In 1992, Tianjin Port Storage and Transportation Company was made into a joint stock company under the full ownership of the Tianjin Port Bureau. In 1996, it was converted into the Tianjin Port Holdings Company (TPC) and listed in the Shanghai stock market. In 1997, Tianjin Development Holdings, which owned the container-handling assets of the Port, was listed in Hong Kong. Its port assets were later spun out as the Tianjin Port Development Company (TPD) and listed in the Hong Kong exchange in 2006.

4.1 Anchorages Tianjin Port has six main anchorage areas and two temporary anchorages. All anchorages are designated for all functions —berth waiting, quarantine, inspection and pilotage —and provide little shelter from weather or rough seas. Bottom hold is poor to very poor. Anchored vessels are advised to keep ﬁve cables of clearance, as anchor dragging is common (up to 5–10 NM in a day in winter, due to drifting ice).* [24]

The PTA delayed corporatization to steer the passing of 4.2 the 11th ﬁve-year development plan for the port.* [20] The transition was only completed on 3 June 2004, when the PTA became the last major Port Authority in China to become a corporation: the Tianjin Port (Group) Company (天津港 (集团) 有限公司, or TPG by its English acronym).* [21]

Shiplocks and tidal barriers

The financial tsunami of 2008 hit Chinese ports particularly hard, as they depended heavily on foreign trade flows. The Tianjin Port did better than average due to its diversification: While container business plummeted, bulk trade (in particular iron ore) remained strong. Nevertheless, the crisis hit profits hard, and it convinced the Tianjin government to reorganize and streamline the structure of the Port, which they did in 2009 by having TPD (the smaller operator, but one with the useful foreign registration and access to foreign capital markets) take over TPC. Simultaneously, ownership of TPD was transferred from Tianjin Development Holdings (a subsidiary of the Tianjin Ministry of Commerce) to TPG. By the time the merger was concluded, on 4 February 2010, all operations in the Tianjin Port had been consolidated under TPG. The Port of Tianjin was adversely affected by a large industrial-scale accident in August 2015. On August 12, a series of explosions took place at a port chemical storage facility in Binhai, causing 123 deaths and over 700 injuries. The blast had the equivalent of 21 metric tons of TNT or a magnitude-2.9 earthquake, according to the China Earthquake Networks Center. 50 other people remain missing.* [22]* [23] Eight additional explosions occurred on 15 August 2015.

Port fairway

Main article: Layout of the Port of Tianjin The Tianjin Xingang Fairway is divided into the Main Shipping Channel, the Chuanzhadong Channel, and the Northern Branch Channel. The Dagusha Channel and

A ship passing from the Haihe into the Xingang seaport through the Xingang Shiplock

The Haihe river channel is separated from the sea channels by three structures: • The Xingang Shiplock (Chinese: 新港船闸; pinyin: xīngǎng chuánzhá) in the northern side of the estuary is the main shipping route into the Haihe area. • The Haihe Tidal Barrier (Chinese: 海河防潮闸; pinyin: hǎihé fángcháozhá), built in 1958, and last refurbished in 1999, serves as a dam, ﬂood control sluice and tide surge protection for the Haihe river mouth.* [25]

5 PORT GOVERNANCE • The Tanggu Fishing Boat Lock (Chinese: 塘沽渔船闸; pinyin: tánggū yúchuánzhá) is at the western end of the channel between Donggu and Lanjingdao Island.* [26] In 2011, the Fishing Boat Lock gates started to be rebuilt to allow for larger road traﬃc between Donggu and Lanjingdao.* [27]

maintenance of port infrastructure and handling of dangerous goods and disinfection in all terminals and storage areas. The Tianjin Municipality People's Government Port Services Oﬃce (天津市人民政府口岸服务办公室) was set up in May 2009 to streamline port operations, in particular customs and inspection clearance procedures.* [29]* [30] Tianjin Maritime Safety Bureau: Harbormaster powers for the Port of Tianjin are mostly vested on the Tianjin Maritime Safety Bureau (天津海事局), which is the local agency of the China Maritime Safety Administration.* [31]* [32]* [33]* [34]* [35] Maritime Law: The Port of Tianjin falls under the jurisdiction of the Tianjin Maritime Court for all matters of national and international Maritime law, including all forms of maritime contracts, torts and oﬀenses.* [36]

5.2 Inspection and clearance The Haihe Second Barrier from the east.

The final hydraulic structure of the Tianjin Port is the Haihe Second Barrier (Chinese: 海河二道闸; pinyin: hǎihé èrdàozhá) at Dongnigucun, in the Jinnan district. The Second Barrier is also an open-type sluice barrier, with 8 vertical-rising gates allowing an average flow of 1200 m3 /s. The barrier, opened in July 1984, closes ship traffic upriver into Tianjin city proper, and its erection resulted in the abandonment of 29.3 km of navigable channel.* [28]

Port governance

Inbound ships, cargo and personnel require clearance by four main government bodies: China Customs for customs declaration, Border Inspection for migration formalities, China Inspection and Quarantine for quarantine and fumigation, and the MSA for ship and crew safety regulations. Obtaining clearance from these so-called “One Customs Three Inspections”(一关三检) used to be a protracted process, and one of the continued foci of port reform is to speed up the clearance procedures and reduce their (still signiﬁcant) burden.* [37]* [38]* [39]* [40]* [41]* [42]* [43]* [44]* [45]* [46]* [47]

5.3 Port management

Main article: Port of Tianjin governance, traﬃc management and law enforcement

5.1

State regulation and supervision

The Port of Tianjin falls under the supervisory and regulatory purview of the Tianjin Municipality People's Government. The 2004 incorporation of the Tianjin Port Authority into TPG formally divested the group of its role as Port Regulator, which passed to the Tianjin Transportation and Port Authority (天津市交通运输和港口管理局), formerly the Tianjin Transport Commission. The TTPA implements state policy on port work; drafts local policies, by-laws and regulations; and licenses, audits, and issues certiﬁcations to businesses operating in the port, in particular to ship terminals. The TTPA supervises and manages compliance to all laws and regulations regarding environmental protection, service compliance, pilotage,

The new headquarters building for the Tianjin Port Group, next to the Yihang International Building.

Tianjin Port Group (TPG) is both the main Port Operator and Port Landowner, and retains some of the old Port Authority's supervisory functions. TPG is the holding company and Ultimate Controlling Party for most of the Tian-

6.2

Aids to navigation

jin Port operating units, and its aﬃliates and subordinate units run most aspects of port operation. The Dagukou port area is (at present) run separately by the Tianjin Lingang Port Group Co. (天津临港港务集团有限公司), owned by the Tianjin Lingang Economic Area Administrative Committee (of which TPG is a part).|* [48]

navigation assistance and local communication to all vessels in the Port's fairway, anchorages and berths. The VTS Center is located in an 88 m tall control tower at the eastern end of the Dongtudi (East Pier), and has two subordinate monitoring stations at Dongjiang and Lingang. Its control area extends 20 nautical miles (37 km) from the tower. Compliance with the VTSC's authority is mandatory, and all ships must maintain watch on its VHF channel (Ch. 9) while on the port area. On the Haihe, both VHF 09 and 71 must be on watch.* [32]* [49]* [50]* [51]* [52]* [53]* [54]* [55]* [56]* [57]* [58]* [59]* [60] 1]* [66]* [67]* [68]* [69]

TPG also serves as Port Landlord, providing basic municipal services (including roads, power, water and sewerage) and other services, extending from construction materials to printing services, to the port's tenant operators. In this role, TPG maintains quasi-municipal authority over port areas. Finally, as with all Chinese SOEs, the control and coordination role of the local Communist Party units is signiﬁcant, as is the common cross-sharing 6.2 of personnel among related units.

Aids to navigation

The Tianjin Port's aids to navigation (AtoN) system fairly dense, and growing rapidly. The MSA Beihai 6 Traffic management and naviga- isNavigational Security Center's Tianjin Aids to Navigation Office (北海航海保障中心天津航标处)* [70] is tional safety responsible for the maintenance of all navaids within Main article: Port of Tianjin governance, traffic man- the Tianjin *area. In 2004, the AtoN office controlled 141 navaids [71] in the Tianjin jurisdiction, including 3 agement and law enforcement lighthouses, 12 light beacons, 22 lead markers, 44 day beacons, 55 light buoys, 1 NDB station, 1 RBN/DGPS station, 3 radar transponders, 2 large AtoN ships, 2 small AtoN ships and 1 survey ship operating from two 6.1 Area procedures and traffic rules wharves.* [72]* [73]* [74]* [75]* [76]* [77]* [78]* [79]* [80]* [81]* [82]* [83]* [8

Main Channel buoy 44 and Petrochemical Terminal

6.3 Weather monitoring and reporting While the Port directly operates a number of hydrometeorological stations (including tide gauges), weather forecasting is primarily the responsibility of the Tianjin Binhai New Area Weather Warning Center (天津市滨 The VTS Tower houses the traffic control center for the Port and 海新区气象预警中心), the local agency of the Tianjin its approaches Municipal Weather Bureau (天津市气象局).* [86] The Warning Center uses local (26 automatic weather stations The Vessel Traffic Service Center (天津船舶交 in Binhai), national and satellite data to forecast marine 通管理中心) of the MSA provides traffic control, and port weather.* [87]

6.4

Maritime communication

LAW ENFORCEMENT

SAR Assets: Tianjin Rescue Base keeps three dynamic standby stations, normally with the following units:* [90] 1. Search and Rescue Base's Wharf: One Fast Rescue Boat (Huaying 387)* [91] and one rescue tug. 2. Dagukou Anchorage: One 1940 kW Rescue Ship (Beihaijiu 169) 3. Beihai 2nd Point (10 NM south of Caofeidian, 38º50´N / 118º25´E) : One 1940 kW Rescue Ship (Beihaijiu 115)* [92]

Tianjin Port PSB Fire Services Detachment (天津港公安局消防支队) holds the fire-fighting and fire prevention duties for both the land and water areas of the * Tianjin Coastal Radio: The Beihai Navigational Secu- Port. [93] rity Center's Tianjin Communications and Information Emergency Medical Assistance: The Tianjin Port HosCenter (北海航海保障中心天津通信中心) runs the pital (天津港口医院) is the primary provider of emerTianjin Coastal Station (天津海岸电台，Callsign: XSV; gency medical care in the port. It is a 314-bed compreCall: Tianjin Radio; MMSI 004121100). The Station is hensive hospital, owned by TPG, that is specially licensed in charge of the communication obligations of the Global to deal with infectious disease outbreaks, quarantine and Maritime Distress Safety System in the Port's jurisdic- maritime accident trauma: its orthopedic trauma departtion, supports the SAR Center's communication needs, ment is especially well ranked nationally.* [94] and supports the MSA's duties of coordination and comPollution Control: Tianjin MSA is the Port's“National munications.* [31] Operational Contact Point”pursuant to MARPOL, and must be contacted (VHF 9) in all incidents of shipborne harmful substance spills.* [95] Tianjin Coastal Radio's Tanggu Station

6.5

SAR operations and emergency reThe State Oceanic Administration has overlapping ausponse

thority regarding spills and pollution, usually concen* Maritime Rescue Coordination: The primary SAR co- trated on oil platform and pipeline incidents. [96] ordination agency is the Tianjin Maritime Search and Rescue Center (天津市海上搜救中心), with responsibility for coordinating all SAR activities in Port wa- 7 Law enforcement ters.* [88] Main article: Port of Tianjin governance, traﬃc management and law enforcement

Tianjin Search and Rescue Base. In the background is the CNOOC Bohai Oil Building A.

The maritime governance regime in China is peculiar in its multiplicity of actors and apparent duplication of labor. Five major agencies (MSA, SOA, CCG, FLEC, GAC),* [97] plus the local People's Police and other local units, divide maritime and coastal law enforcement, safety and administrative duties, with much overlap in formal remits. These agencies' responsibilities reflect the functional jurisdiction of their parent ministries, and their operational emphases fit those jurisdictions. Only the Coast Guard (Maritime Police) patrol vessels are armed gunboats, and the Guard has first line jurisdiction in gendarmerie missions such as terrorism, piracy and serious crimes.

The Tianjin Search and Rescue Base is one of the six 7.1 People's Police units rescue bases of the China Rescue and Salvage Beihai Bureau, which is the front-line rescue and salvage force of The Tianjin Port Public Security Bureau (天津港公 the Ministry of Transport.* [89] 安局) is one of the fourteen branch oﬃces of the Tianjin

7.2

Other law enforcement bodies

7.2 Other law enforcement bodies The law enforcement arms of the MSA are the Tianjin Maritime Public Security Bureau (天津海事公安局) and the Tianjin MSA Law Enforcement Patrol Flotilla (天津海事局巡查执法支队).* [104] The Tianjin Maritime PSB (not to be confused with the Tianjin Port Public Security Bureau) is responsible for maritime law enforcement and carries out marine accident and criminal investigations. The Patrol Flotilla deploys eleven patrol ships* [32] (hull numbers haixun 05xx),* [105] which monitor and manage shipping traﬃc, maintain navigational order and safety, and cooperate on patrol, escort, and search and rescue missions as needed. The Tianjin Port PSB Floating Station, moored at the Passenger Terminal.

The Second Detachment of China Maritime Surveillance (中国海监第二支队) of the Tianjin Oceanic Administration has jurisdiction over the Bohai and Laizhou Public Security Bureau, with sub-bureau status. It is re- Bays, and over all the coastal areas of Tianjin and * sponsible for public order, law enforcement, criminal in- Hebei. [106] It monitors environmental damage, illegal vestigation, road traffic control, and fire safety and fire- use of sea resources, violation of maritime regulations, and damage to marine facilities.* [107] fighting.* [98]* [99] Water Police: The Tianjin Port PSB has its own water police unit running its own patrol boats,* [100] which are berthed on a floating pontoon station (天津港公安局水上治安派出所) built on a converted floating crane,* [101] currently located on the K1 berth of the Tianjin Port Passenger Terminal.

The Tianjin Fisheries Management and Fishing Port Supervision and Management Office (天津市渔政渔港监督管理处) is a branch of the Tianjin Fisheries Bureau under the China Fisheries Law Enforcement Command Center (中国渔政指挥中心).* [108] It is in charge of enforcing fishing regulations, of controlling illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing (IUU), and of fishing navigational safety.* [109]

8 Business structure Main article: Port of Tianjin operations and logistics

8.1 Ownership structure

China Coast Guard cutter at the Xingang Shipyard

Border Protection: the Public Security Border Troops (公安边防部队) are a gendarmerie force under control of the MPS in charge of border protection and security. The border guards' local ground unit is the Binhai New Area Public Security Border Protection Detachment (滨海新区公安边防支队).* [102] The Tianjin Customs Anti-Smuggling Bureau (天津海关缉私局), usually called the Anti-Smuggling Police (天津海关缉私警察) is a People's Police unit under the dual command of the MPS and the GAC. It is the main body engaged in control, prevention and investigation of customs fraud and duty evasion and smuggling (including cultural goods, drugs, dangerous materials, etc.).* [103]

The Port of Tianjin is a state-owned enterprise (SOE), run as an independent corporation, with separate ﬁnances and a commercial orientation. The Port Owner is the Tianjin Municipality People's Government (天津市人民政), through the Tianjin SASAC (Tianjin State Assets Supervision and Administration Committee—天津国有资产监督管理委员会), which is the full owner of the Tianjin Port (Group) Company (TPG). TPG's board is appointed by the Tianjin government. TPG is the effective holding company and main Port Operator, and it owns or has a stake on the majority of the Port's various operating outﬁts. Since the 2009 merger,* [110] TPG's main operating subsidiary is Tianjin Port Development Co. Ltd (TPD), which in turn is the majority shareholder of Tianjin Port Holdings Co. Ltd (TPC). TPG has been injecting operational assets to TPC for several years, and since 2009 to TPD (most recently the Shihua Crude Oil Terminal).

training, education, port security, transportation, ﬁre protection, port facilities management, environmental management, etc.* [112]

Tianjin Commission of Commerce

Tianjin SASAC

100%

Tsinlien Group Co., Ltd

53.5% Public H Share 3382.HK 25.3%

53.4%

Tianjin Port Development (TPD)

21%

Tianjin Development Holdings

56.81% Public A Share 600717.SH

43.19%

46.6% Public H-Share 882.HK

Tianjin Port Holdings Co. (TPC)

PORT OPERATIONS

Tianjin Port Ownership Structure After the 2009 Merger The ownership structure of the Tianjin Port after the 2009 merger. Green boxes are foreign-registered entities, blue boxes are mainland-registered

The core activity of the Port is, naturally, cargo handling and processing. As a comprehensive port, it handles all sort of cargoes, including dry and liquid bulk, general cargo, containers, vehicles, and passengers. Tianjin Port operates 365 days a year, 24 hours a day (on three shifts at 00:00–08:00, 08:00–16:00 and 16:00–24:00).

9.1 Port production Docking terminals and wharves: As of 2011, the Port had 217 berths (including service berths); 90 berths were capable of accommodating ships over 10,000 DWT. Of these, 72 could dock ships over 50,000 DWT; 30 over 100,000 DWT, 23 over 150,000 DWT, 5 over 200,000 DWT, and 2 over 300,000 DWT.* [113] The Port's docking terminals are operated by autonomous companies that are mostly either fully owned by, or are joint ventures with，TPC or TPD. While the 2004 Port Law allowed full foreign ownership of port facilities, TPG is still the majority shareholder of all but a few of the Port's main terminals, excepting single-company (customs type II) terminals. Additional stevedoring personnel is provided by a number of labor services companies afﬁliated to various operators.

This has created somewhat of a functional division. The listed TPD, directly or through TPC, controls all terminals and direct cargo-handling operations. TPG still directly controls most of the utility, support and ancillary units related to the Port, and retains control of strategic planning. TPG is also directly or indirectly a party in 53 Secondary wharves tend to the service, supply and mainjoint ventures* [111] tenance ships that a complex port needs to function. These facilities range from temporary sand unloading wharves, needed for construction,* [114] to large bunkering wharves, workboat stations and the bases of the various law enforcement agencies. HANGU

Beitang

Haihe Port Area

Dry bulk terminals

Beit Port ang Are a

TEDA

TANGGU Yujiapu CBD

Binhai Central New Town

General cargo terminals Equipment assembly

Administration and support areas

Be ij Po iang rt A rea

Dongjiang Port Area

m -8.0 '15" 15 2°

TEDA West

Metallurgy Industrial Area

Container terminals

Binhai Tourist Area

Binhai High-tech Area

Legend

Hangu Port Area

Sino-Singapore Eco-City

Airport Production Area

Passenger terminals

.1"

Railways Roads Port Area Limits

Anchorage No 2 Xingang

10m

-23m 281°04'17 .7''

A Xin nch gan ora g/D ge N ag o 4 uko u

Economic Area

DAGANG

Areas for future development

Nanjia Port ng Area Dag u Port sha Area Lingang

Gao shal ing Port Area

Ro-Ro terminals

Liquid bulk terminals

Logistics support areas

Anchora ge No 1 Beitang Hangu

-9.5m 202° 10'29

-1 30 6.5m 5° 20 Ancho '5.2 Gaosh rage '' aling/D No 6 agukou

6°

-23m

Anchor

age Xingan No 3 g

'17.

7''

20m

Anchorage No 5 Xingang/Dagukou 20m

-14.5m 287°16 '48.9''

10m

-14.5m

20m

270°0'0.0''

Nangang Port Area Nangang Industrial Area

Anchorage No 7 Nangang

Anchorage No 8 Nangang

Tianjin Port Planning Map for 2030

Port operations

Main article: Port of Tianjin operations and logistics The subsidiaries and partial-ownership partners of TPG are involved in all facets of port operation, including stevedoring, shipping agency, cargo handling, storage and transportation, infrastructure management, communications and information services, ﬁnancial services, power supply, real estate development, health care, personnel

Scheduling and Dispatching: The Tianjin Port Group's Operations Department (天津港集团业务部) is in charge of coordinating the productive operation of the Port, and must be informed of all ship movements and major operations. The production schedule (ship movement plan) is arranged by the TPG Dispatch Control Center (天津港集团生产调度指中心), in coordination with the wharf operators, the MSA, and the pilot center. The Dispatch Center organizes ship movements, tracks pilotage operations, and supervises terminal operations via real-time CCTV monitoring.* [115] The Dagukou port area has a separate dispatching center (天津临港经济区船舶调度指挥中心).* [61] Harbor Craft: The main provider of harbor craft is the Tianjin Port Tug & Lighter Company.* [116] The TTLC operates the harbor tugs, ﬁreboats, pilot boats and other ancillary craft such as the crew boat Xinbinhai, or the sightseeing boat Xinhaimen (used for inspection and visiting VIPs). The company operates 26 harbor tugs (between 2,600 HP and 6,000 HP of power), 5 pilot ships, 7 other ancillary crafts, 2 ﬂoating cranes (120 t and 200 t capacity); and around three dozen lighters, the largest

9.3

Services and amenities

9 Channel maintenance: The Tianjin Dredging Company * [123] (天津航道局) is the organic waterway management company of the Tianjin Port Group. As of January 2010, the TDC deployed 100 boats, and had the largest dredging capacity of China, with a capacity of 300 million cubic meters and more than 500,000 kW of vessel power.* [119] Despite these numbers, the scale of fairway expansion and land reclamation in the Port means that several other construction companies operate large numbers of dredging vessels as well.* [124]

Two harbor tugs at the First Pier Tug Wharf

Dredging the Haihe Channel is the responsibility of the Tianjin Municipal Water Management Bureau (天津市水务局)，which maintains both navigability and river ﬂow capacity (set at 800 m3 /s). The Water Management dredgers operate from wharves at the Haihe Second Barrier and at the Haihe Tidal Barrier.* [125]

around 1,340 t displacement. The Dagusha channel is served by a subsidiary company of TTLC, the Tianjin Icebreaking: Routine icebreaking is usually handled by Lingang Tug Company (天津临港拖轮有限公司), op- the Tug & Lighter Company. In case of ice emergencies, the MSA coordinates icebreaking patrols, using heavy erating four tugboats.* [117] harbor tugs and dredges. During the frozen winter of Other work vessels: CNOOC Bohai Oil maintains a 2010–11, the Port authorities estimated that there were flotilla of 110 offshore support vessels (OSV),* [118] 16 ships with icebreaking capabilities available, 10 of many homeported at Tianjin. These boats are avail- which belonged to the TTLC.* [126] CNOOC Bohai had able for emergency work under MSA authority. Two of 24 icebreakers, needed to clear offshore platforms, and CNOOC's floating cranes (800 tonnes and 500 tonnes) also lent two larger icebreakers to the Port.* [127] can be commercially engaged for harbor duty.* [119] Port Construction: The Port's main construction and engineering outfit is CCCC First Harbor Engineering (中交第一航务工程局有限公司). * [128] Four subsidiary 9.2 Port maintenance and construction companies carry out all forms of project engineering and construction, from roads to breakwaters. As of 2010, Facilities management: TPG operates as the port land- First Harbor Engineering First Company (the main boat lord, and provides most utilities, municipal services and outfit) had a fleet of 74 work vessels.* [129] As in the case ancillary services to the various port operators. The ser- of dredgers, the sheer scale of construction in the Port vices it provides are very wide in scope, spanning ev- means that many other outfits deploy hundreds of veserything from electrical power, to construction materials, sels. As of 2008, there were 418 construction vessels opto printing services. The main organ of TPG's landlord erating at the Port, including 236 sand barges and fluvial function is the Tianjin Port Facilities Management workboats.* [130] Company (天津港设施管理服务公司), which manThe Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport ages and maintains all municipal services —including Engineering* [131] is in charge of the technical superviroads, railroads, bridges, water, and sewerage —installs sion of most port engineering projects. and maintains wharf equipment and other production material, provides municipal administration, and provides Real Estate Development: Commercial and residential property development in newly reclaimed or repurposed engineering consultancy services.* [120] land is one of the four core“industries”of the Port. The Hydrographic Surveying and Charting: As an arTianjin Port Real Estate Development Company (天 tificial port dependent on dredged channels susceptible 津港地产发展有限公司), founded 2009,* [132] is now to silting, continuous depth surveying is critical to the very active in developing both residential and commercial Port. Tianjin Port is the base of the Beihai Navigaproperty on Port land.* [133]* [134]* [135] tional Security Center's Tianjin Marine Survey and Charting Center (北海航海保障中心天津海事测绘中心)* [121] with responsibility for the hydrographic surveying, monitoring, fairway sounding and charting of 9.3 Services and amenities all waters and shipping channels in the Beihai (Northern Seas) area, which includes the Bohai and Yellow Bunkerage: The main bunker oil, lubricants and water seas. As of 2011, the Hydrographic Brigade had 149 provider in Tianjin Port is Tianjin Chimbusco (中国船 personnel,* [121] two survey ships (Haice 051 and Haice 舶燃料供应天津公司).* [136] Chimbusco China had a 0502), surveying equipment including ROVs, and UAVs monopoly on the supply of bonded bunker oil (i.e. for for aerial surveying* [122] foreign vessels) in China until 2006. Tianjin Chimbusco

PORT OPERATIONS

Seafarers: As the port of a major city, facilities available to crews on shore leave are extensive, if somewhat diﬃcult to reach. The International Seamen's Club (天津新港国际海员俱乐部) is located at Xingang Liumi Road, opposite the Bomesc shipyard.* [147] Around two dozen crew management companies provide replacement crews at all times.* [148]

9.4 Ship repair and shipbuilding facilities

A water tender and a bunker tender resupplying a freighter at the First Stevedoring Co. wharf.

(now a TPG subsidiary) retained its exclusive rights in Tianjin until 2009, and the end of the monopoly resulted in a black gold rush of competing bunkerage companies: Sinopec Zhoushan entered the Tianjin market in October 2010, followed in December 2010 by SinoBunker,* [137] and in June 2011, by China Changjiang Bunker.* [138] This sudden rise in competition resulted in a serious price war and crashing prices in 2011.* [139] Most forms of maritime fuels are available, primarily IFO 180 cSt and 380 cSt; IFO 120 cSt, MDG, MDO and other diesels are available.* [140] Bunkering operations are done by fuel tender, as most berths do not have fueling equipment. Equally, drinking water is mostly delivered by tender. Chandlery and Supplies: Several dozen ship chandlers are capable of supplying all necessary deck, engine and cabin stores, and all other provisions both at berth or at anchorage. The oldest international chandler is Tianjin Ocean Shipping Supply company (天津市外轮供应公司),* [141] owned by the Tianjin government. Most spare parts are available locally, and special orders can be ﬂown in easily. Cleaning and Sanitation Services: Bilge, slops and ballast water disposal is a major pollution hazard for the Bohai Bay, and it is tightly regulated by the MSA. Only specially authorized enterprises can engage in their removal and disposal, or in tank cleanup.* [142] Nevertheless, illegal dumping of ballast water is a persistent problem and one of the Port's major law enforcement challenges. Ships carrying oil or liquid chemicals, and all ships over 10,000 gt are required to sign an“Agreement for Ship Pollution Response”* [143] with one of four authorized emergency spill response companies.* [144] Tianjin Port Harbor Service Company (天津港港口服务公司) is the Group's organic“housekeeping”service, providing cabin, hold and bedding clean-up, and garbage disposal for ships at berth.* [145] Other companies are available for all sorts of cleaning, disinfection and deck maintenance, ﬁfteen companies are authorized for ship garbage collection.* [146]

A ship under construction at the Bomesc Fabrication Site

Tianjin Port has several ship repair and shipbuilding facilities capable of carrying out almost all forms of ship repair and refitting for all but the largest ships, and those capabilities are increasing rapidly. The Tanggu port area was one of the earliest modern shipbuilding areas of China. The still-functioning Taku Dockyard (now the Tianjin City Shipyard) was founded in 1880, and is the oldest modern dockyard in Northern China. Many small shipyards operated in the Haihe region, but most have closed in recent years, or will soon close to make way for the large development projects of the Binhai Urban Core. The main ship repair facility in the port is the CSIC Tianjin Xingang Shipyard. Founded in 1939, it is located at the very end of the main harbor basin, right next to the Haihe shiplock. Immediately next to it is the CCCC Bomesc Maritime Industry's facility (built in 2007). On the Nanjiang region, Singapore's Sembawang Shipyard entered in 1997 to the first foreign joint shipyard project in China, in partnership with Bohai Oil. That shipyard is now the CNOOC Bohai Oil BOHIC subsidiary.* [149]* [150] A large number of ship repair companies offer maintenance services at berth, and the Tianjin Wuzhou Marine Service Engineering Co. (天津五洲海事工程有限公司) offers anchorage and under-way repairs using its specialized ship Jinyuanhangxiu 1 (津远航修 1 号), one of only five such vessels in China.* [151] *

[152]* [153]* [154]* [155]* [153]* [156]* [157]* [158]* [159]* [160]* [161]* [1

9.5

Trade and shipping services

One of the strategic goals of the Port is to increase its high value-added services business, providing advance support for all forms of logistic activities.

traditional duties of arranging ship supply and cargo handling.

10 Passenger services

The Tianjin International Trade and Shipping Service District (天津与航运服务区) The Service Dis- Main article: Port of Tianjin operations and logistics trict is composed of nine high-rise buildings, including the TPG main oﬃce building and the International Shipping Service Center.* [163]

10.1 Passenger terminals

The Tianjin Port International Trade and Shipping Service Center.

The Tianjin International Trade and Shipping Service Center (天津国际贸易与航运服务中心) provides “one-stop”service for all sorts of aspects of shipping and trade, with a core mission of centralizing and streamlining the clearance process.* [164] The Center aggregates 270 government service windows from 14 government agencies, including customs, inspection and quarantine, maritime safety, border control, traﬃc control, maritime court, electronic customs clearance, business taxes, and state audit and supervision.

The Tianjin Xingang Passenger Terminal

The Tianjin Xingang Passenger Terminal (天津新港客运站) is run by the Tianjin Passenger Company, and provides ferry services and coastal cruises.* [168] Two main regular ferry lines and one summer-only ferry line leave Tianjin, serviced by a ﬂeet of three Ro-Ro ferry boats. There are two international destinations, Kobe in Japan and Incheon in South Korea, and one national destination, Dalian in Liaoning Province.* [169]

The Dongjiang shipping services area is still under development, and aims to form a cluster of specific shipping services. Taking advantage of its favorable tax and currency exchange regime, the Dongjiang Bonded Port intends to attract a cluster of enterprises related to the financing of ship leasing and shipbroking, and to other forms of shipping financing, including offshore financial services, offshore banking, marine insurers and P&I clubs, ship registration, local offices of the leading classification societies, etc.* [165] Shipping Agencies: Engaging a shipping agent is mandatory for all foreign flagged ships, and Tianjin has several dozen such outfits operating at present. The largest agents are Tianjin Penavico (天津外轮代理公司), owned by TPG, and Tianjin Sinoagent (天津船务代理有限公司),* [166] a subsidiary of Tianjin Sinotrans. Agencies have fairly extensive obligations as intermediaries for most paperwork procedures involving TPG, ship operators, or government agencies,* [167] as well as their

Tianjin Cruise Homeport *

[170]

The new Tianjin Cruise Homeport started operation in the summer of 2010.* [170] It is located in the southern tip of the Dongjiang peninsula. The all-services terminal

Yachting marinas: There are three large-scale marina projects underway at the Tianjin Port to expand yachting 11.1 services.* [172]

Chart Symbols

Jinzhou Ji

N or

oh ai

Huludao-Norther

th er

Sea

Boh

er n

-N

gd ao

Lüshun tiesh

Chan gsha n Chan han gsh nel-T an Cha ianjin nne l

Channel Tianjin-C

Che

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Cap

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an-W

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Dali

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Cha nne

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Cha

Penglai

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Laizhou

10m

Cha

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Cha

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Weifang

Channel

Changshan Channel Traffic Separation Scheme

Dongying

20m

Dalian-Laotieshan

Laotieshan VTS Area

Huanghua

50m

andong Dalian-D

Laotieshan Channel Traffic Separation Scheme

Yan taiDal

Huanghu a-Changshan

Port of Dalian Dasanshan Channel Traffic Separation Scheme

e-D and

-Lao

Cap

jin

sh an

tang

Huanghua-Laotieshan

han

-Q in

tie

Jing

Tianjin-Laotieshan Caofeidian-Laotieshan

ong

Dalian

-L ao

ngs

dao huang

Dry Land

Tianjin-Qin

ot La

Q in

Caofeidian Headlands South Precautionary Area

Bathymetry

Over 400

Satellite Port

NOT FOR USE IN NAVIGATION

Cha

Yingkou Bayuanquan

kou

Tangshan Jingtang

200-300

VTS Reporting Line

o-Ying

Tangshan Caofeidian

Route

Qinhuangda

Tianjin

100-200

or th

l-Y

er rth No e ut Ro

Under 30 31-100

Precautionary Area

Ports by cargo throughput (in millions of tonnes)

Direction of Traffic Flow Separation Line

i Se ha

Sea

qu yu

Yingkou

n Bohai Sea

Qinhuangdao

Caofeidian Traffic Separation Scheme

2. The Sino-Australia Royal Yacht City (中澳皇家游艇城) is a 1,000-berth development (to be completed in 2012) in the Tianjin Central Fishing Port.* [174]

Legend

Huludao

Map of the Bohai Sea's Seaways Scheme

Ti an

1. The Binhai Ocean One Yachting Club (滨海一洋游艇会) is being built at the southern end of the Dongjiang Scenic Area's artiﬁcial beach. It is planned to become a yachting port with 700 berths, plus an extra 200 pile mooring slots.* [173]

Transportation corridors

Leisure services

10.2

The chief logistics unit of the Port Group is Tianjin Logistics Development Co. , established in 2009 by merging the Tianjin Port Storage and Distribution Company (天津港货运公司) with other Group logistics assets.* [178] TLD runs 1,800,000 m2 of storage yard, with a capacity for 32,000 TEU of containers, and is responsible for the establishment and management of the dry port network and the establishment of intermodal routes, as well as being the principal drayage provider.

building is a large white GFRC-clad building designed to mimic the ﬂow of white silk on an ocean breeze. It has an annual capacity of 500,000 passengers. At present, the Homeport has two berths capable of accommodating ships up to 220,000 gt —enough to receive even the largest current cruisers.* [171]

TRANSPORTATION AND LOGISTICS

Longkou

Yantai

Weihai

Chengshan Cape Traffic Separation Scheme

North

Not to scale

3. The Hi-speed Tianjin Yacht City (海斯比天津 China MSA's seaways plan for the Bohai Sea. Planned routes 游艇城) in the Binhai Tourist Area plans to add follow closely the seaways currently in use. 3,000 berths,* [175] focusing on high-speed boats, sailboats and high-performance yachts.* [176] Sea routes: Two main sea routes connect the Bohai Bay with the Yellow Sea and the open ocean. These two Sightseeing tours: Two companies offer short (30- routes carry the large majority of all traffic in and out 45min) boat tours of the harbor, traveling to the end of of the Bohai Sea, and can be very crowded. The main the Chuanzhadong channel. The first, Tianjin Port Haiyi deep-water route (6 nmi wide) goes from the Laotieshan Travel Service Company (天津港海颐旅行社公司), a Channel (38°36.1′ N, 120°51.3′ E) at a 276° bearing until TPG subsidiary, runs the sightseeing boat Haiyi (海颐号) reaching a Traffic Separation Scheme south of Caofeidfrom the K1 berth of the Passenger Terminal, with capac- ian (38°48.0′ N/118°45.2′ E), and can be quite a crowded ity for 132 passengers (CN¥30 as of November 2011). waterway. A second main route (3 NM wide westward, The second, Tianjin Haihe Jinlu Sightseeing Boats Com- 3 NM wide eastward) goes westward from Changshan pany (天津海河津旅游船公司) operates from the Sight- channel (38°05.0′ N/120°24.6′ E) at a 293.5° bearing seeing Boats Pier at the other side of the main basin. It up to a point north of oil platform BZ28-1 (38°21.0′ runs two ships, the Haijing (海景号) with capacity for N/119°38.5′ E), continuing at a 291° bearing up to the 150 passengers and the Jinhai (津海号) with capacity south of Caofedian Head (38°38.7′ N/118°38.4′ E) and for 184 passengers. CN¥50 as of April 2011.* [177] then into the Xingang Main Channel.* [179]* [180]

Transportation and logistics

Main article: Port of Tianjin operations and logistics § Transportation and logistics

Internal waterways: The three main port areas are fairly poorly connected by road, requiring rather long detours to transport any cargo or equipment between them. While several bridges and tunnels directly linking Dongjiang with Beijiang and Nanjiang areas are projected for future development, these are still in early planning stages. To help relieve this internal bottleneck, in April 2010 the Port introduced a lighter route connecting Nanjiang (N-10 berth) and Beijiang (Tianjin Container Terminal), using one heavy barge (7800 DWT, 200 TEU).* [181] Another regular lighter route connecting Beijiang with Dongjiang was established on September 2010.* [182]

Storage, transportation and all forms of logistics processing are the core activity of the Port, and it is no surprise that the majority of its land surface is dedicated to storage and processing facilities, with several million km2 of storage yards, warehouses and tank farms operated by dozens of enterprises. There are two large-scale purpose-built lo- Railroads: Two main lines (First and Second Port Railgistics areas designed to provide support and facilities to roads: 进港一二线) serve the Beijiang and Nanjiang areas respectively. The Jinji Railway connects these lines the operating logistics outﬁts.

11.2

Logistics centers, yards and warehouses

13 速) connect into the Nanjiang and Lingang areas. These feeder roads connect in turn with the thick BeijingTianjin road hub, with seven radial expressways from Beijing and four from Tianjin. Of these, the Jinji Expressway (S1) is the main alternative route into Beijing (through Pinggu) and the Northwest (through the 6th Ring Road and the G6 Jingla Expressway), while the G25 Changzhen Expressway is the main North-South connector. Airports: The Port is 30 minutes away from Tianjin Binhai International Airport, and 120 min from Beijing Capital International Airport. Two small general aviation aerodromes—Tanggu Airport (塘沽机场) and Binhai Eastern General Heliport (滨海东方通用直升机场) —provide oﬀshore helicopter shuttles and other services to Port operators.

11.2 Logistics centers, yards and warehouses

Internal port railroad approaching the Fourth Stevedoring Company wharf on the Beijiang Third Pier

as a de facto ring railroad. A web of around 60 km of internal railways goes deep into the wharves and storage yards of the Beijiang area. The Nanjiang area is primarily connected through the Nanjiang Rail Bridge. This bridge was expanded to double-track in 2010, for an annual capacity of 70 million tonnes. A second bridge is under construction. A conveyor belt corridor runs parallel to the railway, carrying coal and ore to the Bulk Logistics Center.* [183] Highways and roads: The internal roads in the Port carry an enormously heavy, noisy and noisome flow of traffic, and traffic jams are not uncommon at certain bottlenecks. The internal roads at the three main Port areas form a broken grid pattern, the east-west roads connecting with the expressways that feed the port. The main north-south roads are the Yuejin road transfixing the Container Logistics Center, the Meizhou (Americas) Road in the Dongjiang Area.

The Tianjin Port Container Logistics Center (天津港集装箱物流中心) is located in the north part of the Beijiang area, in 7.03 km² of reclaimed land. The Center currently hosts 42 logistics enterprises, and it has 350 hectares of yard space, 26 hectares of warehouses, or about 60% of the Port's container handling capacity. Tianjin Port International Logistics Development Co. Ltd. (TPL) was established in 2003 to take charge of the development, construction, operation and management of the Center.* [184] The Tianjin Port Bulk Logistics Center (天津港散货物流中心) opened on 2000, built on 26.8 km2 of former salt ﬂats to the south of Donggu. It serves as a large storage and distribution area for coal, ore and other bulk cargoes. As of April 2011, there were 268 enterprises operating within it.* [185] The Bulk Logistics Center is being progressively relocated south, to the Nangang area, to free its land for urban development (i. e. the Binhai Central New Town – 滨海中部新城)

The 12-5 plan envisages six large logistics parks in the port area by 2015: the Container Logistics and Bulk Cargo Centers will be upgraded to “Parks”(with additional policy privileges), joined by the newly established Nangang Chemical Logistics Park (南港化工物流园 The backbone road of the Port is the S11 Haibin Express- 区), Lingang Industrial ProLogis Logistics Park (临港 way (海滨高速), which runs north-south and roughly 工业普洛斯物流园区), and the Central Fishing Port * represents the Port's western boundary.* [note 2] The Logistics Park (中心渔港物流园区). [186] main east-west feeder roads are the S40 Jingjintang Expressway (京津塘高速), which merges into the Jingmen road; the S13 Jinbin Expressway ( 津滨高速) and 11.3 Intermodal transportation and dry ports the G103 Highway, which both merge into the Xingang Fourth Road; and the S30 Jingjin Expressway (京津高速), which becomes the Jishuanggang road and then the Economic Hinterland: The hinterland of the Tianjin Xingang 8th Road into Dongjiang. In the south, the Port (as determined by existing railway and road patterns) Tianjin Avenue and the S50 Jinpu Expressway (津浦高 is vast. It includes the municipalities of Beijing and Tian-

ing 17% of the country's population. Tianjin is also one of the railheads of the Eurasian Land Bridge.* [note 3]

Tianjin Port Container Logistics Center

Dedicated Container Train Routes: TPL owns and operates 15 different scheduled railway routes, dispatching 50-car (100 TEU) trains to 15 different cities in China, including Xi'an, Chengdu, Taiyuan, Ürümqi, Baotou, Shizuishan, Erenhot, Alashankou, and Manzhouli, the last three being border crossings. In the first half of 2011, these dedicated train lines carried 129,000 TEU,* [187] including cargoes for Eurasian destinations.* [188]

Tia nji n Lo Hua lo gis tic ng s

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Qiyun West Rd

Mal un Log 2nd Sta istics Dan tion g Log erous G isti cs C oods ente Kai r ta Log i Intl isti cs Qiy un Tia Fifth Stre TE njin B et DA Log inhai isti cs Harbor Apartments Dis Ve hic Qip trib le ei Zh uti Nine Dragons Paper ongx on C Intl in St en Packing Materials reet ter Dev Logis ti elo pm cs ent

Bin Ge hai E nera as l H tern elip ort

Dry Ports: As of October 2011, Tianjin Port had established 21 dry ports,* [189] of which 8 were fully operational. These ports are located at:* [190] Dry Ports and Intermodal Train Lines of the Port of Tianjin

Yuejin

Cle Conta ari ng iner Ce nte r

Binhai Early Warning Weather Center

TRANSPORTATION AND LOGISTICS

Ha ijin Xin g L Cu gang ogisti Zhen sto h cs ms Ce ua nte Min r me tal TJC Log IQ isti Qiy cs Hyu un Third G n St u Log dai reet Au ifen M isti tom g cs otor Log otiv Cen CW e isti ter T cs and Ware Dis hous Zho Qiyun tributi ing Ch Se n ang o Jian glian cond St n Log hua In reet Log tong Zh is tl tics on istics Hold gchu Bo Qiy ing un s Lo da C Firs gis onta t St tics in reet Cen er B ter Po eigang lice Stat Qiy Jin ion un Firs sh t St Intl i Min reet me Lo ta gis tics l Sh e Co ngsh Tian Vanke nta i Tran yu ine spor Ti Harbor City r an t

Daqing Alashankou Dulat Erenhot

Urumqi

East

Baotou Jiayuguan

Qiy

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tics

Jin

Dry Bulk Yards

Police Station

Vehicle Yards

Inspection and Quarantine

Factory

Fireﬁghting Station

Administration and Support

Weather Station

Shipping Services Area Under Development

nd Seco East gang

any

Legend

Zhon Logi gdia stic n s

Dry Port Terminus of dedicated container train line

N14

Ke y Lo un In gis tics tl G an Lo gqian gis tic g s

Ta ng Co gu In gm nta en ine tl Hon Av g r L og bao isti cs

Nominal Port Hinterland

N13

Global Ro-Ro Terminal

Co n Ma struc teri als tion Yard N12

D Lo aya gis tics

Zhe Log nhua isti cs

Map of the Port of Tianjin's National Network of Dry Ports and Intermodal Trains

N11

Heliport

ationa Intern inal rm ghua Shen ainer Te Cont

Legend Container Yards

Chengdu

Roa

Nor

Co s

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In velo tl Lo pm gisti cs ent Co mp

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N10

Logistic Center's Boundaries Road

Tianjin Port Group

Projected Railroads

First Harbor Engineering

Port Area Gate

Zhengzhou

Log

Bei

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ang Ling

st Rd

Trangyun Th Sh de & ird St ipp

Beijing Pinggu Datong Beijing Chaoyang Huinong Baoding Port of Tianjin Shijiazhuang Taiyuan Dezhou Yinchuan Zibo Handan Houma Hebi

Bayannur Shizuishan

Xi'an

lun

Xin gan

Zhangjiakou

Ce ing nte Sh r ip Ser ping vic e Are s F a Lo ujia gis rst

CZ Lo heng gis tic hua Yo s n Lo gkan gis g tics

g Rd

n Ce ntra

TPG

yun Fi

urth

yun

n Fo

Jing

ngyu

Haibin

Avenue

avic Log o Jin fei isti cs

ngyu

Six

CIM

Rd Yuejin

Pen

Han gyun

jin Sh Oce ip an

ping B Co inhai nta B ine eijian r Lo g Huax gis tics iC Log ontain isti er cs

Manzhouli

Tianjin Customs

North

1. Chaoyang (Beijing) Map of the Tianjin Port Container Logistics Center

2. Pinggu (Beijing) 3. Baoding (Hebei) 4. Shijiazhuang (Hebei) 5. Zhangjiakou (Hebei) 6. Handan (Hebei) 7. Zibo (Shandong) 8. Dezhou (Shandong) 9. Zhengzhou (Henan) 10. Hebi (Henan) 11. Daqing(Heilongjiang)

Heavy traﬃc at the Container Logistics Center

12. Baotou (Inner Mongolia) 13. Bayannur (Inner Mongolia)

jin, and the provinces of Hebei, Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Gansu, Qinghai, Tibet and Xinjiang, amounting to over 5 million km2 , or 52％of China's area, and cover-

14. Erenhot (Inner Mongolia) 15. Houma (Shanxi)

15 16. Xi'an (Shaanxi) 17. Datong (Shaanxi) 18. Jiayuguan (Gansu) 19. Yinchuan (Ningxia) 20. Huinong (Ningxia) 21. Dulat (Xinjiang) Erenhot and Dulat* [191] are border crossings. In 2010, the Tianjin dry ports processed 150,000 TEU worth of containers. The 12th ﬁve year plan envisages increasing throughput by Tianjin's dry ports to up to 1 million TEU by 2015.* [192]

Friendship ports

•

Amsterdam, Netherlands

•

Barcelona, Spain

•

Incheon, South Korea

•

Kobe, Japan

•

Marseille, France

•

Melbourne, Australia

•

Montreal, Canada

•

Philadelphia, USA

•

Tacoma, USA

•

Tokyo, Japan

•

Trieste, Italy

•

Zeebrugge, Belgium

Notes

[1] pilot “stations”are teams specialized in a set of berths rather than distinct physical posts, as all three are located in the same building [2] As the expressway follows the original coastline, most of the land east of the road is reclaimed land, including most of the Port. [3] Tianjin Port is often named in publicity material as the start of the Chinese branch of Eurasian Land Bridge. Ofﬁcially, however, the port of Lianyungang is the Bridge's start. Tianjin is indeed the proposed railhead of the UNESCAP Intermodal Transport Corridor 1 from Busan to Yekaterinburg via Irkutsk.

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External links

• Tianjin Port Holdings Company Limited • Tianjin Port Development Holdings Limited • Map of the Port of Tianjin • Live AIS Map of the Port of Tianjin

EXTERNAL LINKS

16 16.1

Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses Text

• Port of Tianjin Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_of_Tianjin?oldid=677512132 Contributors: The Anome, Edward, Topbanana, Timrollpickering, Fudoreaper, Python eggs, Discospinster, RyanGerbil10, Mandarax, Bgwhite, RussBot, Gaius Cornelius, Welsh, Joel7687, Arthur Rubin, Canley, SmackBot, Chris the speller, Ricky@36, Ser Amantio di Nicolao, Takamaxa, CmdrObot, N2e, Cydebot, Sinolonghai, 663highland, Aldis90, Zeitlupe, Philg88, Utc-100, Naniwako, Skier Dude, Jamcib~enwiki, TXiKiBoT, EoGuy, Mild Bill Hiccup, Niceguyedc, Coasilve, Sun Creator, Coinmanj, DumZiBoT, Jax 0677, WikHead, Addbot, Download, Lightbot, WikiDreamer Bot, Ben Ben, Drpickem, Yobot, Azylber, AnomieBOT, LlywelynII, Materialscientist, DynamoDegsy, Amazingloong, Xqbot, Craighong, FrescoBot, LucienBOT, Tahir mq, RjwilmsiBot, Ripchip Bot, John of Reading, RenamedUser01302013, ZéroBot, Lmorgan710, Arrorro, Helpful Pixie Bot, Op47, BattyBot, TheJJJunk, Dexbot, Lucfrasmac, Monkbot, Versus001 and Anonymous: 24

16.2

Images

• File:BomescFabricationSite1P4140332.png Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/ BomescFabricationSite1P4140332.png License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Arrorro • File:China_edcp_location_map.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/China_edcp_location_map.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Uwe Dedering • File:Commons-logo.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg License: ? Contributors: ? Original artist: ? • File:Flag_of_Australia.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg License: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ? • File:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg License: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ? • File:Flag_of_Canada.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg License: PD Contributors: ? Original artist: ? • File:Flag_of_France.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg License: PD Contributors: ? Original artist: ? • File:Flag_of_Italy.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg License: PD Contributors: ? Original artist: ? • File:Flag_of_Japan.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg License: PD Contributors: ? Original artist: ? • File:Flag_of_South_Korea.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Ordinance Act of the Law concerning the National Flag of the Republic of Korea, Construction and color guidelines (Russian/English) ← This site is not exist now.(2012.06.05) Original artist: Various • File:Flag_of_Spain.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg License: PD Contributors: ? Original artist: ? • File:Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: Zscout370 • File:Flag_of_the_People'{}s_Republic_of_China.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Flag_of_the_ People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work, http://www.protocol.gov.hk/flags/eng/n_flag/ design.html Original artist: Drawn by User:SKopp, redrawn by User:Denelson83 and User:Zscout370 • File:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg License: PD Contributors: ? Original artist: ? • File:Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg License: Cc-bysa-3.0 Contributors: ? Original artist: ? • File:HaiheSecondBarrierFromEast.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/ HaiheSecondBarrierFromEast.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Arrorro • File:Map_of_the_Port_of_Tianjin'{}s_National_Network_of_Dry_Ports_and_Intermodal_Trains.svg Source: //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/Map_of_the_Port_of_Tianjin%27s_National_Network_of_Dry_Ports_and_ Intermodal_Trains.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Arrorro

https:

• File:Map_of_the_Port_of_Tianjin_and_its_Approaches.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/Map_ of_the_Port_of_Tianjin_and_its_Approaches.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Arrorro • File:Port_of_Tianjin_Cargo_and_Container_Throughput_Chart_1990_2011.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ commons/6/65/Port_of_Tianjin_Cargo_and_Container_Throughput_Chart_1990_2011.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Arrorro • File:Port_of_Tianjin_Container_Logistics_Center_Map.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Port_ of_Tianjin_Container_Logistics_Center_Map.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work based on [.. Template/Data-Source? ..] Original artist: Arrorro • File:Red_pog.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/0c/Red_pog.svg License: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ? • File:Seaways_Plan_for_the_Bohai_Sea.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Seaways_Plan_for_the_ Bohai_Sea.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Arrorro

TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

• File:ShipLeavingXingangShiplockEastGate.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/ ShipLeavingXingangShiplockEastGate.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Arrorro • File:TianijnPortPassengerTerminalFromK1Berth.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/ TianijnPortPassengerTerminalFromK1Berth.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Arrorro • File:TianjinCoastalRadioCenter.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/TianjinCoastalRadioCenter.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Arrorro • File:TianjinCruiserHomeportBuilding.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/ TianjinCruiserHomeportBuilding.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Arrorro • File:TianjinPortFloatingPoliceStation.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/ TianjinPortFloatingPoliceStation.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Arrorro • File:TianjinPortGroupHQBuildingAndYihangIntlBuilding.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/ TianjinPortGroupHQBuildingAndYihangIntlBuilding.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Arrorro • File:TianjinPortInternationalTradeandShippingServiceCenter.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/ TianjinPortInternationalTradeandShippingServiceCenter.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Arrorro • File:TianjinPortLogo.png Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/12/TianjinPortLogo.png License: Fair use Contributors: http://www.nipic.com/show/3/81/b3b2bc8c9d29d7f9.html Original artist: ? • File:TianjinPortOwnershipStructureAfter2009Merger.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/ TianjinPortOwnershipStructureAfter2009Merger.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Arrorro • File:TianjinPortYuejinRoadTruckTrafficandContainerYard.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/ TianjinPortYuejinRoadTruckTrafficandContainerYard.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Arrorro • File:TianjinSearchandRescueBaseandCNOOCBuilding.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/ TianjinSearchandRescueBaseandCNOOCBuilding.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Arrorro • File:TianjinXingangBuoy44andPetrochemicalTerminal.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/ TianjinXingangBuoy44andPetrochemicalTerminal.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Arrorro • File:Tianjin_Port_Planning_Map_2030.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Tianjin_Port_Planning_ Map_2030.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Arrorro • File:Tianjin_RepairCrewRailwayFourthStevedoring.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/Tianjin_ RepairCrewRailwayFourthStevedoring.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Arrorro • File:TugsAtFirstPierTugWharfTianjinPort.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/ TugsAtFirstPierTugWharfTianjinPort.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Arrorro • File:VTSTower.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/VTSTower.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Arrorro • File:WaterAndBunkerBargesSupplyingShipSinor.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/ WaterAndBunkerBargesSupplyingShipSinor.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Arrorro • File:XingangShipyardChinaCoastGuardCutter.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/ XingangShipyardChinaCoastGuardCutter.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Arrorro • File:Zhongwen.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Zhongwen.svg License: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ? • File: 天津港北大防波堤 20130430.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/%E5%A4%A9%E6%B4%A5% E6%B8%AF%E5%8C%97%E5%A4%A7%E9%98%B2%E6%B3%A2%E5%A0%A420130430.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Amazingloong

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• Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0