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Gingko And Cherry Blossom BELOW THE CHERRY BLOSSOMS OF YOUTH, THE GINGKO SHINES WITH LONGEVITY. Chair: Susan Rodiek, Co-chair: Zhipeng Lu, Committee Member: Chanam Lee, Professor: Ray Pentecost
By Weishi Wang
WEISHI WANG ICHO TO SAKURA CCRC PROJECT IN JAPAN
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GINGKO AND CHERRY BLOSSOM CREATING AN INTERGENERATIONAL COMMUNITY
FACULTY Susan Rodiek Chair
Associate Professor Department of Architecture, Center for Health Systems & Design
Zhipeng Lu Co-Chiar
Senior Lecturer, Department of Architecture Associate Director, Center for Health Systems & Design Department of Architecture
Chanam Lee Committee Member Professor Department of Landscape Architecture & Urban Planning, Center for Health Systems & Design
A. Ray Pentecost Studio Professor
LEED AP, Ronald L. Skaggs and Joseph G. Sprague Chair of Health Facilities Design, Director, Center for Health Systems & Design, Professor of Practice Department of Architecture, Center for Health Systems & Design
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ABSTRACT The ideal senior campus is a place that gives a high level of care to senior citizens, honors their autonomy, dignity, and maximal functional independence. The purpose of the design for the senior citizens is not only to meet their basic daily requirements but also to help them experience and enrich their life at the rest time. People of different ages would be able to live and work together, so they can help each other and have a sense of belonging in the community. The senior people, their family members, young couples, college students have a meaningful relationship based on mutual respect and equality. For example, senior citizens have many life experiences and wisdom to share with college students while students can help older adults to learn about technology and other things. 4
Figure 2 Traditional Japanese Architecture
CONTENTS CHAPTER 1
BACKGROUND
1. Problem Statement 2. Create Intergenerational Community 3. Research 4. Case Study
CHAPTER 2
GOALS AND CONCEPTS 1. Site Analysis 2. Requirements of Client 3. Goals and Concepts
CHAPTER 3
PROJECT DISCRIPTION 1. Program and Location 2. Design Solutions
CHAPTER 4
CONCLUSION
1.Working Process 2.Human Behavior 3. Possibilities in the future 4. References
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Figure 3, Foul Smell of Gingko Trees Mysteriously Changing From Vomit to Dog Shit
CHAPTER 1
BACKGROUND
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PROBLEM STATEMENT
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Figure 4. Aging People doing activities
The Aging Population in Japan There is an increasing trend of the number of senior people in Japan, while the average family has shrunk in size. Because many baby boomers have entered this age category over the past five years, the ratio of people aged 65 or older is the highest in the history record. Actually, the number of senior people aged 65 or older accounts for 26.7 percent of the 127.11 million total population, up 3.7 percentage points from five years ago. Meanwhile, the size and needs of the older population will influence private and public interests, both economically and socially. Therefore, architects are facing a new challenge for aging design to meet seniors’ requirements. (https://www. japantimes.co.jp/news/2016/06/29/national/japan-census-report-shows-surge-elderly-population-many-livingalone/#.Wh2LQEqnHa8).
Decrease of Co-residence in Japan Japan is a country that maintains a relatively high rate of co-residence between older parents and adult children. Traditionally, the senior adults live with their eldest son and his family, which is a value-driven arrangement about filial piety that requires children to care for aging parents (Koyano, 1996). In modern Japan, there is an increasing trend that more and more elderly people need care in the home setting in Japan, however, the rate of intergenerational households is declining due to economic and social reasons. However, the older adults still want to live in intergenerational communities, which is the problem needed to be solved in design.
Requirements for Senior People There is a requirement for senior people to get involved in group, create a social connectivity, and meaningful relationships with different generations (American Institute of Architects, 1985). Based on research tested in Japan, senior residents who are beyond 65 years old, are willing to participate in group activities, because they could get a new friend, feel
Figure 5. Elder working in Japan
fulfillment in life, get confidence in health and physical power, and receive mutual help. 60% elderly have participated in group activities, including 33.7% participated in health and sports and 21.4% joined hobby group. In addition, 40% or more of the elderly would like to have lifelong learning and 60% of the elderly want to interact with young people. (Annual Report on the Aging Society)
Create Intergenerational Community Instead of a place where multiple generations reside, the term “intergeneration community� refers to a place that provides adequate safety, health, education and basic necessities of life of all ages. When concerning about intergenerational setting, the most important thing is to create a multigenerational connection with improving all generations’ lifestyle and increasing participation in the community. It protects both physical and psychological health of all residents through programs, policies, and practices which increase collaboration and connection between children and older adults. Besides, it encourages all ages to share their talents and resources and support each other. Each generation is needed and plays an integral and valued part in the community.
Figure 6. Aging People doing exercise
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Figure 7. Tokonoma in Japan
Background: Japanese Culture In Japanese culture, due to frequent destructive natural factors, people respect nature and appreciate ephemeral quality of all life. The space of building is to contain objects and activities. Usually it is a single space with movable partitions and platforms. Here are some features listed in the following: The slope roof works as a symbol of traditional Japanese architecture. It helps to hold activities and protect people and wall from nature, like sun, wind, rain, snow and insects. Besides, the long eave to shade extending from the floor plane make a good connection between indoor and outdoor space. In addition, picture window and corridor make access to nature.
Figure 8. Small-shading Roof
Figure 10. An Appealing View to the Outside
Figure 9. Sightseeing spots in the area
Figure 11. Traditional Japanese style interior
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Research: Public Space for Senior Citizens Location: : Magnified Nursing and Rehabilitation, College Station, Texas
Goal and Method 12
Location Chart
The goal is to find out what kind of public space senior citizens in the nursing station like, and what kind of physical environmental characteristics they prefer. As for the research methods, we used behavior mapping and interview. We recorded the location of residents every hour from 9:00AM to 5:00PM on Tuesday and Friday, to find out their favoriate space. Daily Activities Chart
Behavior Mapping The majority residents stayed in circulation space, including entrance and area near nursing station. In the afternoon, residents gathered in the dining area to play cards. Only a few residents stayed at theater, chapel, and gym.
Figure 12. Location
Mar. 9th, Friday, 10:00AM
Mar. 9th, Friday, 11:00AM
Mar. 9th, Friday, 1:00PM
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Mar. 9th, Friday, 2:00PM
Mar. 9th, Friday, 3:00PM
Conclusion There are three important elements: accessibility, aesthetically appealing view, and physical comfort. The physical comfort includes thermal comfort, air quality, and lighting environment. Residents like to stay at bright and warm spaces with beautiful scenes to enjoy.
Mar. 9th, Friday, 4:00PM
Case Study 1: Healthy Place Georgetown, Texas, USA Georgetown is a city with more than 47,400 residents, which encompasses Southwestern University and a retirement community. This community utilizes programs, revitalizes gathering spaces, and organizes many activities so as to promote the connections between the young and senior people, where everyone can feel welcome and wanted. Many programs are organized to encourage senior residents take part in community activities. For example, older adults can take affordable life-long learning through the Georgetown senior learning program. Besides, the historic town square was revitalized to serve as an intergenerational gathering place. Public library fosters the intergenerational interaction. Intergenerational dance and music performances are organized regularly.
Figure 13. Fruit Harvest
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Figure 14. Vegetable Garden
Figure 16. Intergenerational Community
Figure 15. Aging People doing Yoga
Case Study 2: Green House Project Green House Module The green house module is a community module where elderly people want to live and work. The goal is to provide high levels of care to elders and others so that they could enjoy honoring autonomy, dignity, and maximal functional independence. Green House is a general structure, which could be used in different levels of aging community, like in independent living, assisted living, skilled nursing and dementia. This module housing 7-10 elders each with his/her own bedroom and full bathroom. All residents share a center common space and given care by Trained nursing assistants are provided in a wide range(Green House Project. 2010).
Figure 17. the Village of redford Redford, MI 6,998 sq. ft.
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Design Solutions
1. Remain heart area in the building, like living area, dining area, and open kitchen, so residents can join the food preparation process. 2. Provide private bedrooms and full bathroom. Window opens to natural light, or view, in each resident’s room. 3. Allow visual sight lines from the kitchen to the majority of the heart area, bedrooms, and outdoor space. 4. Have public or staff bathroom. Provide storage space and den. 5. Create a residential environment in all aspects, using residential, materials and designs found in residential buildings. 6. Secured exterior patio and garden with covered exterior seating. It could encourage aging people to go outside and benefit their health.
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Figure 18. The cherry blossom
CHAPTER 2
GOALS & CONCEPTS
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Location and Site Analysis
Japan
Fukuoka Prefecture
Kitakyushu
CCRC Project
The project is an aging design, located near the southern edge of the city of Kitakyushu, Fukuoka Prefecture, in western Japan. The city has about 1 million inhabitants, with the sea to the north and east, and several steep, forested mountains at the edge of the city.
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Site Plan
Height Altitute
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A row of trees
City Road
Wind direction and speed
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Location
The 23-acre site is located near a main highway, between developed land and steep wooded hills, and within walking distance from Nishino Hospital. Our Site near Nishino Hospital
The site has moderate slopes. Highest Point on site is +82M Lowest Point on site is +38M The site can have moderate amount of cut and fill based on the design.
LEGEND 82
38 Topography 89% of the land is short and tall grass and paved area – suitable for construction
LEGEND Legen Pasture open – 13% d
Pasture open – 13% Pasture grass – 70% Pasture grass – 70% Trees ––11% Trees 11% Paved area – 6% Paved area – 6%
Existing Vegetation. Drew by MLA Students in page 20,21
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Furate Facility and Dr. Nishino's Dream Location: 13-27, Matsuocho, Sanji, Yahatahigashi-ku, Kitakyushu-shi, Fukuoka. Resident Capacity: 120 residents
Goals of Nishino Hospital 22
Dr. Nishino is our client and he owned the Furate Society, which has developed medical facilities, a nursing care center, and a day service center. The daycare services include bathing, meals, activities, and functional training in the daytime. It not only takes care of residents every day, but also mitigates the sense of separateness and maintains the mind and body function. The nursing care center provides all necessary services for daily living, including meals, bathing, activities, and emergency services.
Nishino Hospital
Dr. Nishino has three goals of the facility: 1. Excellent medical care and environmental support 2. Comfort and relaxation for everyone 3. Support for a completely healthy life Courtyard
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Kiosk with plants
Daily Activities. Photo by author in P.22, P.23
Be Close to Nature
Activities
There is a large healing garden surrounding Dr. Nishino’s hospital, and all residents are encouraged to be close to nature. A halfshaded corridor connects the indoor and outdoor spaces. A refuge hidden in the nearby mountainside provides a private sitting space, and a vegetable plot welcomes residents to participate in gardening. Surrounded by nature, residents feel the change of the four seasons and enjoy life happily every day.
All activities happen in activity room. Being filled with tables, the lounge room is a common area with flexible partitions. Residents can hold an event to celebrate a festival or do daily activities in the area. For example, they can watch a movie, listen to music, do crafts, ceramic art, paper work, calligraphy, cook a dish, and dance. These hobbies help residents continue life after entering the community.
Goals and Concepts Intergenerational Community The main goal is to create an intergenerational community, it will create a safe and welcoming environment for older adults, from independent living to memory support. It will also provide housing for students, single mothers and young couples with children, with nearby amenities on campus. The keywords “Nature, Food, and Art” suggest the joy, vitality, and inspiration that will characterize this community.
Four Concepts 24
Village lifestyle – The buildings are mainly low-rise and human-scale, made of comfortable materials. Having smaller buildings close together will promote a small-town or village atmosphere. Clusters that are connected by paths, gardens and walls are helpful to create a village lifestyle as well.
Encourage social interaction – Indoor and outdoor mixed-use spaces will be included for exercise and intergenerational interaction, such as playgrounds, small cafes, food courts, food stores, farmer’s markets, outdoor stages, art and music studios, tennis, and walking trails. Also, Entry through a shared space and a garden in the center with buildings around will encourage social interaction.
Access to nature –Being close to nature not only benefits health, but also lets older adults feel autonomy, privacy and social interaction. Many shared green spaces and outdoor common gathering grounds encourage residents to contact nature, and do physical activities.
Personalization and homelike surroundings – It will create the common Japanese residential space and select the typical materials to create homelike surroundings. All the residents can bring their own furniture to the units, hanging their paintings, photos with family members, or other personal work on the door, which maintains their personalization and provides a homelike feeling.
Programming Program Scope As for the scope of program, it has Independent living, Assisted living, Memory care (dementia), Condominiums, Young couples, single mothers and students, day service center, a health promotion center, center houses, dining, Bars, a supermarket, restaurants, and food courts. It serves about 650 people in the site including residents and staff.
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Figure 19. Women play with a dog
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Figure 20. Zen garden in Japan
CHAPTER 3
DESIGN SOLUTIONS
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Bubble diagram of Masterplan
Layout of Masterplan As for residential area, assisted living is located near center square, because they have less capacity to walk a long distance. Independent living and young adults live farther than assisted living because they have the ability to walk a relatively long distance. Also, independent living, college students, and young couples are living in the same cluster so that they can help and benefit each other, having a sense of belonging in the community.
Masterplan Residential Area As for residential area, assisted living is located near zocalo, because they have less capacity to walk a long distance. Independent living and young adults live farther than assisted living because they have the ability to walk a relatively long distance. Also, independent living, college students, and young couples are living in the same cluster so that they can help and benefit each other, having a sense of belonging in the community.
Kid's Park Color code of masterplan
Sketch of Masterplan
On the opposite of Zocalo and near the city road, the kids’ park serves for all citizens as well. Parents drop off their kids in the theme park and they are free to go shopping in a supermarket, have a cup of tea or an ice-cream in zocalo, having a good rest and enjoying their time. Later on, they can pick up their kids and go home together.
Previous Option
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Master Plan Legend Residential Color Code Memory Care 63 MC Assisted Living 95 AL Independent Living 100 IL Condominiums 180 CO Shared housing 100 SH DH Detachde Housing 10 Total NO. of residents - 548 Services/Activities FC - Fitness Center CH - Center House DS - Day Service Center SM - Super Market RS - Restaurant GH - Guest House Bus - Bus Stop PG - Putting Green South Wing
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Plan analysis - circulation Nodes Zocalo Primary Road Promenade
Circulation Building main entrance Secondary Road Service Road Walking/Jogging trails
Outdoor Amenities ZO - Zocalo KP - Kids Park TC - Tennis Court P - Parking
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Enrey Garden
Bird;s eye view
Sketch model
Site Plan There is a promenade in the center of housing with roadway on both sides. I arrange building and break it down into wings to create natural social groups. All the public space is southeast facing to gain enough natural lighting. A U-shaped building with single loaded corridor maximizes south facing sunlight and view outside. When residents enter into the building, they first come to the lobby, then the common public space and the units in the end, which means they go through public space to semi-public space and private space.
Sketch of plan
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Model of east entrance
Model of promenade
Furniture at Corner Creates a homelike feeling, and is popular among residents because they can view other people
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Key Plan
Single Loaded Corridor It invites natural light inside, offers a good view of courtyard and expands the feeling of building area.
Work Station Staff maintains a visual connection and protects the safety of residents. It is easy to access and work in dining area as well. Site Plan
F s c d
Varieties of Bedrooms Four sizes of private bedrooms: standard class, deluxe class, super class and double room, offer different options.
Fat Corridor Varieties of corridor width provide alcoves to for residents to linger on.
Nature Barrier Bushes and screening help protect the privacy of residents.
TV Lounge The half open wall creates a semi-public space and prevents noise from interrupting other activities.
Assisted Living
Two clusters per floor With 11 residents in each
Welcome Lobby Provide direct access to second floor from outside through south facing public area.
Activity Room Residents can choose to join group activities or sit alone to look, enjoying sunlight and great view outside.
Open Kitchen Residents can join food preparation. Being adjacent to an outdoor terrace encourages residents to eat outside.
12 Units @20.2 m2 4 Units @30.8 m2 2 Double @32.8 m2 2 Unit @45.2 sqm Residential Unit: 520 m2 Common Area: 1087.4 m2 Total Floor Area: 1607.4 m2
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Entry Garden. Designed by Danna Ruan
East wing section
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West Wing Section
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Courtyard
Access to nature The location and visibility of landscape are very important, which directly influence the residents’ decision. Pocket Entry Garden: Activities always happen in the entry garden and people like to watch in this space. Residents have a view of driveway and drop off area, a view of main lobby, and direct access to the indoors. Transition between indoor and outdoor space: When a resident comes from indoor space to outdoor space, it’s better to go through indoor circulation place, indoor seating area, outdoor seating area and outdoor usage area, which encourages them to go outside.
Terrance with winter sunlight
Outdoor Corridor: Open stair invites residents to go upstairs. Rest space in the center of stair let residents recharge themselves and walk again. Single Loaded Corridor: It invites enough natural light inside, offers a good view of courtyard and expands the feeling of building area. Nature Barrier: Bushes and screening are planted between walkway and window. It helps to protect the privacy of residents. Balcony with appealing view
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North wings
Super class, 45.2sqm
Deluxe class, 30.8sqm
Double Suite,
Standard class, 20.2sqm
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Personality
Internal public space
Varieties of Bedrooms: There are four sizes of private bedrooms: standard class, deluxe class, super class and double room, offering different options. Bring Own Furniture: Instead of “standard� furniture items, many more residential-style choices are available. Also, residents are able to bring own furniture to make their room, which reminds them past life experience. Picture Hanging on the wall: Paintings, craftsman ships, cartoon dolls hanging on the corridor and each unit send a message that every resident is special and has different character. The staff treats them personality instead of as a number. Furniture at Corner: It is not only creates a homelike feeling, but also is popular among residents because they can view other people passing by.
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South wing facade
Structure system
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Roof system
Wall Section
Joint between steel and wood truss
Design Details
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Bird’s eye view
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Figure 21. Through the Golden Road
CHAPTER 4
CONCLUSION
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Dinner with Daiwa House in Japan
Working Process Our full CCRC group includes six students, three M.Arch students and three MLA students, under the guidance of Prof. Susan Rodiek and Prof. Chanam Lee. During the summer of 2017, we visited the site in Japan, did research and site analysis, visited Dr. Nishino’s hospital and daycare center, and held a two-day meeting with the local construction company, Daiwa house. It helped us to understand the site background and clients’ requirements. As an Architectural student, I worked with one MLA student, focusing on master plan of the retirement community in 2017 fall. Then I further developed assisted living in 2018 spring, going through from concept to design details. We appreciate various inputs from Prof. Pentecost, Prof. Rodiek, Dr. Lee, Dr. Lu, architecture firms including Three Living architect and Pi Architect, and the feedback from Dr. Nishino.
Lessons Learned Human Behavior
Other than the function design and form design, senior living design also takes into consideration of behavior design. During this working process, I learned human behavior. Because the design is based on real life, it’s important to measure the exact scale in the corridor, table and chairs, and calculate how much space residents need in this area. In addition, the pattern language gives me a lot input about the preference of human behavior. For example, people like to sit near window and have a view outside, so putting seats near window is a good design solution. Through all this, I would like to provide a better living quality for senior citizens and meet their potential needs.
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Possibilities in the Future If I had more time, I would have liked to implement some additional design elements as well. For example, I will create a high density building around and have a large garden in the center. All the residents could enjoy and share the common space. Additionally, I would have liked to build a community catering to different age groups living in different place. As for architectural design, it would have a compact common space and it would be more economically effective.
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M.Arch Final drawings
M.Arch Final Presentation
Resources
The Role of the Built Environment in Healthy Aging: Community Design, Physical Activity, and Health among Older Adults Design for aging : an architect's guide. (1985). Washington, D.C. : American Institute of Architects, [1985]. Green House Project (2010). Guide Book for transforming long–term care. Produced by The Green House Project, Retrieved from www.thegreenhouseproject.org 2000. Project for Public Space, Inc. (2016). The case for Healthy Places: improving health outcomes through placemaking. Project for Public Space; foreword by Tyler Norris, MDiv. Oakland, California, [2016]. Rodiek, S., & Abbott, E. (2009). Access to nature for older adults. Susan Rodiek; produced by Susan Rodiek and Elton Abbott. College Station, TX : Center for Health System & Design, Texas A&M University, [2009]. Chapin, R. (2011). Pocket neighborhoods: creating small-scale community in a large-scale world. Ross Chapin ; foreword by Sarah Susanka. Newtown, CT : Taunton Press, [2011]. Saito, E., Ueki, S., Yasuda, N., Yamazaki, S., & Yasumura, S. (2014). Risk factors of functional disability among communitydwelling elderly people by household in Japan: a prospective cohort study. BMC Geriatrics, 14(1). doi:10.1186/1471-231814-93 Cabinet Office. (2015). Annual Report on the Aging Society: 2016 (Summary). Tokyo: Government of Japan. Retrieved from http://www8.cao.go.jp/kourei/english/annualreport/2016/2016pdf_e.html Saito, E., Ueki, S., Yasuda, N., Yamazaki, S., & Yasumura,S. (2014). Risk factors of functional disability among communitydwelling elderly people by household in Japan: a prospective cohort study. BMC Geriatrics, 14(1). doi:10.1186/1471-231814-93
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Credits Unless otherwise noted, all graphics were developed by Weishi Wang. Annotation are shown below: Cover Page Figure 1.Cherry blossoms in Japan. From https://travelblog.expedia.com.sg/activities/cherry-blossoms-in-japan/, by Mikolai Napieralski, 2016 P.2 Figure 1, P.4 Figure 2. Japanese courtyard. Traditional Japanese Architecture, by Susan Rodiek P.6 Figure 3. Foul Smell of Gingko Trees Mysteriously Changing From Vomit to Dog Shit. From https://bullshit.ist/foul-smell-of-gingkotrees-mysteriously-changing-from-vomit-to-dog-shit-ae97ac283880 P.8, Figure 4. Aging people doing activities, by Susan Rodiek P.9, Figure 5. Elderly working in Japan. From https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/japan-retirement-pension-elderlywork-employment-age-a6909166.html, By Zlata Rodionova, 2016. Figure 6. Aging people doing exercises. From http://whenistheholiday.com/hc-8114-Respect_for_the_Aged_Day_in_Japan_in_2017 P.10, Figure 7. Tokonoma in Japan. From http://socontemporary.com/kakemono/. 52
P.11, Figure 8. Small-shading Roof. By Susan Rodiek Figure 9. Sightseeing spots in the area. From http://mukayu.com/english/kanazawa_bukeyasiki.php Figure 10. An Appealing View to the Outside. From http://www2.odn.ne.jp/sumiya/ Figure 11. Traditional Japanese style interior. From https://www.pinterest.com/pin/14988611232440917/ P.12, Figure 12. Location. From https://www.google.com/maps/place/Magnified+Nursing+and+Rehabilitation/@30.6077656,96.3198547,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x8646847e871a6a19:0x183fee11b00be96e!8m2!3d30.607761!4d-96.317666?hl=en P.14, Figure 13. Fruit Harvest, Figure 14. Vegetable Garden, Figure 15. Aging People doing Yoga, Figure 16. Intergenerational Community. From The case for Healthy Places: improving health outcomes through place-making. Project for Public Space; by Tyler Norris, 2016. P.15, Figure 17. The Village of Redford, MI. From Green House Project (2010). P.16, Figure 18. The cherry blossom. From https://www.google.com/search?q=bosque+de+cerezos+japon&sa=X&hl=en&tbm=isch&tbo =u&source=univ&ved=0ahUKEwjn6qaV2L_aAhULLKwKHRl_DvEQsAQIJg&biw=1120&bih=595 P. 25, Figure 19. Women play with a dog. From http://www.aist.go.jp/aist_j/press_release/pr2004/pr20040917_2/pr20040917_2.html. Figure 20. Zen garden in Japan. From https://www.ihome108.com/13-zen-garden/ P.26, Figure 21. Through the Golden Road. From https://www.countryliving.com/life/travel/a6056/favorite-photos-from-nationalgeographic-photo-contest/, by Takahiro Bessho