NURS 6630 psychopharmacology Midterm Exam - Walden University. 76 Q & A. Graded 100% Reviewed

QUESTION 1 1. A noncompliant patient states, “Why do you want me to put this poison in my body?” Identify the best response made by the psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioner (PMHNP).

A. “You have to take your medication to become stable.”

B. “ Medications work by increasing the types of neurotransmitters produced by the human brain.”

C. “Most medications that work in the brain will result in restoring an imbalance of one or more neurotransmitters that your body already produces helping to alleviate your symptoms .”

D. “Why do you believe that your medication is poison?”

1 points QUESTION 2 1.

Ms. Hill is currently being treated for schizophrenia but has stopped taking her medications due to some side effects she claims she was experiencing. She presents to the clinic today with worsening symptoms. She is experiencing anhedonia, agitation, attentional impairment, and affective blunting. Which one of the symptoms mentioned is considered a positive symptom of schizophrenia?

A. Anhedonia B. Agitation C. Attentional Impairment D. Affective Blunting 1 points QUESTION 3 1. Which statement about neurotransmitters and medications is true?

A. Endorphins were discovered before morphine which lead to the use of the opioids for pain control.

B. Several psychiatric medications have been developed after discoveries of endogenous neurotransmitters and defining their function in the brain.

C. Medications work by sending messages to neurotransmitters enabling them to work more effectively.

D. An imbalance of serotonin has been directly linked to depression. Following the discovery of this neurotransmitter, pharmacologists were able to develop a well-known drug- Prozac as the first medication used to restore the balance of serotonin.

1 points QUESTION 4 1. When an unstable patient asks why it is necessary to add medications to his current regimen, the PMHNP’s best response would be: A. "More often than you would think, multiple medications should always be tried together to see what happens.”

B. “Due to this being your first hospitalization after starting medication treatment for the first time in your life, the only way to effectively manage your symptoms is by adding additional medications in hopes that it will work for you."

C. “Many psychiatric illnesses involve several dys-functioning neurotransmitter systems in the brain. Often, a single medication may only effect one or two of the dys-functioning systems. The addition of another medication can work with the current medication in stabilizing multiple neurotransmitter systems and help to alleviate your symptoms.”

D. “I understand your concerns. Often times, it is necessary to switch medications after short periods of time to better manage your symptoms. We will discontinue your current regimen and start another single drug agent.”

1 points QUESTION 5 1. During gene expression, what must occur prior to a gene being expressed?

A. Transcription factor must bind to the regulatory region within the cell’s nucleus.

B. RNA must be converted to mRNA. C. The coding region must separate from the regulatory region.

D. RNA polymerase must inhibit the process of changing RNA to mRNA. 1 points QUESTION 6 1. While genes have potential to modify behavior, behavior can also modify genes. How do genes impact this process?

A. Genes impact neuron functioning directly.

B. Changes made to proteins lead to changes in behavior.

C. Neurons are able to impact protein synthesis.

D. Genes impact the DNA of a cell, leading to changes in behavior.

1 points QUESTION 7 1. Though medications have the ability to target neurotransmitter release into the synapse by the presynaptic neuron it is not always necessary. The PMHNP understands that this is because: A. Neurotransmission occurring along the axon is normally at a level to prevent symptoms

of mental illness and rarely require augmentation from medication therapy.

B. Neurotransmission is minimally affected by medication therapy when compared to the baseline neurotransmitter release of a resting neuron.

C. Neurotransmitters can spread by diffusion.

D. The post synaptic neuron can produce and release its’ own neurotransmitter allowing it to function properly.

1 points QUESTION 8 1. Why is the cytochrome P450 enzyme system of significance to the PMHNP? A. The kidneys play a role with excretion of the medication, and if a patient has kidney damage, the dose must be increased to be effective.

B. The bioavailability of the medication after it passes through the stomach and liver can be altered.

C. The medication’s chemical composition changes when it comes in contact with the acid in the stomach.

D. The CYP enzyme system is a steady and predictable process that prescribers must understand to treat conditions effectively.

1 points QUESTION 9 1. It is important for the PMHNP to recognize differences in pharmacokinetics to safely prescribe and monitor medications. Which of the following statements does the competent PMHNP identify as true?

A. About 1 out of 5 Asians requires lower-than-normal doses of some antidepressants and antipsychotics.

B. The term polymorphic refers to the body’s ability to break a medication down several ways, and this patient may require higher doses of certain antidepressants and antipsychotics.

C. About 1 out of 30 Caucasians requires lower doses of some antidepressants and antipsychotics.

D. Most enzyme pathways do not have interactions between the newer medications.

1 points QUESTION 10 1. As it relates to G-protein linked receptors, what does the PMHNP understand about medications that are used in practice?

A. Most medications that act on G-protein linked receptors have antagonistic traits.

B. The majority of medications used in practice are full agonists and are used to stimulate the body’s natural neurotransmitters.

C. Most medications act as partial agonists because they allow the body to use only what is needed.

D. Medications used in practice may act as inverse agonists if the dosage is too high.

1 points QUESTION 11 1. The PMHNP is considering prescribing a 49-year-old male clozapine (Clozaril) to treat his schizophrenia and suicidal ideations. The PMHNP is aware that which factor may impact the dose needed to effectively treat his condition: A. The patient smokes cigarettes.

B. The patient has hypertension.

C. The patient has chronic kidney disease, stage 2.

D. The patient drinks a cup of coffee a day.

1 points QUESTION 12 1. A patient is diagnosed with bipolar disorder and is currently taking carbamazepine (Tegretol), aripiprazole (Abilify), and melatonin. The PMHNP has just written an order to discontinue the carbamazepine (Tegretol) for drug-induced thrombocytopenia. The PMHNP is aware that his next best action is to: A. Alert staff to possible seizures B. Write an order for a different mood stabilizer C. Decrease the amount prescribed for aripiprazole (Abilify) D. Explain to the patient that it will be more difficult to control his temper 1 points QUESTION 13 1. A patient recently transferred following a suicide attempt has a history of schizophrenia, depression, and fibromyalgia. He is currently taking Amitriptyline (Elavil), Lisinopril, aspirin, and fluoxetine (Prozac). When assessing the psychiatric medications and the reason for admission, what would be the best course of action for the PMHNP with this client?

A. Review Amitriptyline (Elavil) level B. Order a STAT BUN/SCr C. Asses the client for nystagmus D. Order a STAT platelet, D-dimer, and PT/INR

1 points QUESTION 14 1. A patient with schizophrenia is given an inverse agonist that acts on the receptor 5HT and neurotransmitter serotonin. What is the rationale for prescribing a medication such as this?

A. To promote the availability of serotonin B. To decrease serotonin C. To indirectly increase the amount of dopamine in the body D. To help decrease the amount of serotonin and dopamine 1 points QUESTION 15 1. The PMHNP is caring for four patients. Which patient statement indicates that benzodiazepines would be beneficial?

A. “I have trouble staying asleep in the middle of the night.”

B. “My spouse told me that I seem to have trouble remembering things sometimes.”

C. “I really want to stop smoking, but the cravings are too strong.”

D. “I feel nervous to go outside and be in large crowds.”

1 points QUESTION 16 1. Ms. Harlow is a 42-year-old patient who is prescribed a drug that acts on ionotropic receptors.

She is curious about the effects of the drug and how it will act on her symptoms. Which statement made by the PMHNP demonstrates proper understanding of Ms. Harlow’s prescription?

A. “The drug will have an almost immediate effect.”

B. “The drug can take a while to build up in your system.”

C. “The drug is slow to release but lasts for a long time.”

D. “The drug will make a subtle difference in your symptoms.”

1 points QUESTION 17 1. A patient is seeking pharmacological treatment for smoking cessation. Which drug class does the PMHNP prescribe to the patient?

A. Benzodiazepine B. Mirtazapine (Remeron)

C. Ketamine D. Varenicline (Chantix) 1 points QUESTION 18 1. The PMHNP is caring for a new patient who has been transferred from another office. When meeting with the new patient, the patient reports, “I feel like I am improving with the stabilizers.” The PMHNP immediately recognizes that the patient is describing which kind of drug?

A. Full agonists B. Antagonists C. Partial agonists D. Inverse agonists 1 points QUESTION 19 1. A patient presents with frequent episodes of mania. Which statement describes an appropriate treatment approach for this patient?

A. “The patient needs to have an inverse agonist.”

B. “The patient could benefit from an anticonvulsant.”

C. “The patient’s calcium, sodium, chloride, and potassium levels must be regulated.”

D. “The patient should have a drug that acts on ligand-gated ion channels.”

1 points QUESTION 20 1. What characteristics do the nicotinic, cholinergic, serotonin 3, and glycine receptors all have in common?

A. Ligand-gated ion channels with a pentameric structure B. Ligand-gated ion channels with a tetrameric structure C. Voltage-sensitive ion channels D. Are G-coupled protein receptors 1 points QUESTION 21 1. Which statement made by the patient suggests the patient will need to be treated with antipsychotics that target paranoid psychosis?

A. “It’s my fault that all of this is happening. I don’t think I could ever forgive myself.”

B. “I have to talk to the President because I’m the only one who can help him.”

C. “I’m not sure why that lady is wearing a red jacket since it’s the dogs who need food.”

D. “I don’t know that I even want to go to that meeting. It doesn’t seem worth it anymore.”

1 points QUESTION 22 1. Mr. McCullin is 64 years old with Parkinson’s disease. The PMHNP caring for Mr. McCullin wants to start him on a dopamine agonist to help manage and treat his condition. The PHMNP selects this agent because of which action it has on patients like Mr. McCullin?

A. Dopamine is terminated through multiple mechanisms.

B. The D2 autoreceptor regulates release of dopamine from the presynaptic neuron.

C. MAO-B presents in the mitochondria within the presynaptic neuron.

D. D2 receptors are the primary binding site for dopamine agonists.

1 points QUESTION 23 1. Mrs. Trevor is a 44-year-old patient who does not have a diagnosis of schizophrenia but occasionally reports symptoms of psychosis, followed by severe fatigue. Mrs. Trevor inquires about the use of amphetamines to help with her energy levels. Which response made by the PMHNP is most appropriate?

A. “Amphetamines may help you, as they can alleviate psychotic conditions.”

B. “Amphetamines can inhibit negative symptoms of schizophrenia, so this might be a good choice for you.”

C. “Amphetamines can cause hallucinations, so I would advise against this type of prescription.”

D. “Amphetamines can lead to a dopamine deficiency, so I will not prescribe this for you.”

1 points QUESTION 24 1. The PMHNP is caring for a patient with schizophrenia and is considering a variety of treatment approaches. The PHMNP selects a viable treatment that is consistent with the “dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia.” What action does the PMHNP anticipate this treatment having on the patient?

A. Blocking the release of dopamine facilitates the onset of positive schizophrenia symptoms.

B. Hyperactivity in the mesolimbic dopamine pathway mediates the positive symptoms of

schizophrenia.

C. Antipsychotic drugs that open D2 receptor pathways can treat schizophrenia.

D. The neuroanatomy of dopamine neuronal pathways can explain symptoms of schizophrenia.

1 points QUESTION 25 1. A patient is diagnosed with schizophrenia. What increases the patient’s potential to mediate the cognitive symptoms of the disease?

A. Achieving underactivity of the mesocorticol projections to the prefrontal cortex B. Achieving overactivity of the mesocorticol projections to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex C. Achieving underactivity of the mesocortical projections to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex D. Achieving overactivity of the mesocorticol projections to the prefrontal cortex 1 points QUESTION 26 1. What is accurate about the clinical description of psychosis?

A. It is simply a separate way to clinically describe the diagnosis of schizophrenia in a client.

B. Psychosis is listed in the DSM as a distinct disorder with unique screening criteria.

C. It is a syndrome that can be associated with a number of psychiatric disorders.

D. Psychosis is always demonstrated by a paranoia in the client.

1 points QUESTION 27 1. The PMNHP is assessing a 29-year-old client who takes antipsychotics that block D2 receptors.

This client has begun to develop a common side effect of this medication. What is this side effect?

A. Increased hallucinations and positive symptoms B. Hypersexuality C. Reduction in negative symptoms D. Tardive dyskinesia 1 points QUESTION 28 1. The PMHNP is caring for a patient who is taking antipsychotics heard the psychiatrist tell the patient that the patient would be placed on a different antipsychotic agent called an atypical antipsychotic. What neurotransmitters will this new medication work on?

A. dopamine and serotonin B. dopamine and norepinephrine C. dopamine and GABA D. GABA and glutamate 1 points QUESTION 29 1. Which statement made by the PMHNP exemplifies correct teaching of physiological effects in the body?

A. Muscarinic antagonists are more likely to cause decreased prolactin levels.

B. D2 antagonists decrease the likelihood of EPS symptoms.

C. D2 antagonism is linked to antidepressant properties.

D. D2 partial agonists are associated with increased efficacy in treating positive symptoms of schizophrenia.

1 points QUESTION 30 1. Mrs. Schwartzman is a 52-year-old patient with schizophrenia and no established history of depression. When meeting with the PMHNP, she presents with apathy and withdrawn social behavior, and she reports a loss of joy from enjoyable activities. What does the PMHNP infer from this encounter with the patient?

A. An underlying depressive disorder B. The recent change of a 2nd generation antipsychotic to a conventional one C. The recent change of a 1st generation antipsychotic to a 2nd generation antipsychotic D. All of the above 1 points QUESTION 31 1. Mrs. Schwartzman is a 52-year-old client with schizophrenia and no established history of depression. When meeting with the PMHNP, she presents with apathy and withdrawn social behavior, and she reports a loss of joy from enjoyable activities since starting her new medication. What does the PMHNP infer from this encounter with the client?

A. The client has been misdiagnosed with schizophrenia B. The client is not compliant with this new medication C. The new medication is blocking D2 receptors in the mesolimbic system D. The dose of this new antipsychotic medication is too low 1 points

QUESTION 32 1. The student inquires about antipsychotic medications. Which response by the PMHNP describes the factors that contribute to reduced risk of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) for patients who take antipsychotics?

A. Those that are potent D2 antagonists B. Those that are potent D2 antagonists with 5HT2A antagonism properties C. D2 receptors that are blocked in the nigrostriatal pathway D. Potent D2 antagonists that block the muscarinic anti-M1 cholinergic receptors 1 points QUESTION 33 1. Mr. Gordon is a middle-aged patient who is taking antipsychotics. When meeting with the PMHNP, he reports positive responses to the medication, stating, “I really feel as though the effects of my depression are going away.” Which receptor action in antipsychotic medications is believed to be the most beneficial in producing the effects described by Mr. Gordon?

A. 5HT2 antagonism B. D2 antagonism C. Alpha-2 antagonism D. D2 partial agonist 1 points QUESTION 34 1. Mr. Gordon is a middle-aged client who was started on antidepressant monotherapy for depression. After beginning this medication, the PMHNP noticed that this client seemed to swing into a hypomanic episode. What can the PMHNP infer from this behavior change?

A. This client may have Bipolar III disorder B. The antidepressant monotherapy should be continued C. A second antidepressant agent should be added as dual therapy D. A and C 1 points QUESTION 35 1. Ms. Ryerson is a 28-year-old patient with a mood disorder. She recently requested to transfer to a new PMHNP, after not getting along well with her previous provider. The new PHMNP is reviewing Ms. Ryerson’s medical chart prior to their first appointment. Upon review, the PMHNP sees that the former provider last documented “patient had rapid poop out.” What does the PMHNP infer about the patient’s prescription based on this documentation?

A. The patient has an unsustained response to antidepressants.

B. The patient has antidepressant-induced hypomania.

C. The patient has a depletion of monoamine neurotransmitters.

D. The patient has an adverse effect to atypical antipsychotics.

1 points QUESTION 36 1. The PMHNP recognizes that which patient would be contraindicated for antidepressant monotherapy?

A. Patient with a bipolar I designation B. Patient with a bipolar II designation C. Patient with a bipolar III designation D. None of the above 1 points QUESTION 37 1. The PMHNP spends a session with a client and notices behaviors correlating with a potential manic episode. All of the following are possible manic symptoms the PMHNP could observe except: A. Pressured speech B. Less time sleeping C. Irritable mood D. A low self esteem 1 points QUESTION 38 1. The PMHNP is caring for a patient with the s genotype of SERT. What does the PMHNP understand regarding this patient’s response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)/SNRI treatment?

A. The patient has a higher chance of tolerating SSRI/SNRI treatment.

B. The patient will have a positive response to SSRI/SNRI treatment.

C. The patient will develop severe mood cycling in response to treatment.

D. The patient may be less responsive or tolerant to the treatment.

1 points QUESTION 39 1. Ms. Boeckh is a 42-year-old patient with major depression. The PMHNP understands that which action of norepinephrine will affect Ms. Boeckh’s serotonin levels?

A. Norepinephrine potentiates 5HT release through a2 postsynaptic receptors.

B. Norepinephrine inhibits 5HT release through a2 receptors.

C. Norepinephrine inhibits α2 receptors on axon terminals.

D. Norepinephrine potentiates 5HT release through a1 and a2 receptors.

1 points QUESTION 40 1. Ms. Boeckh is a 42-year-old client who is taking an antidepressant therapy. The PMHNP understands that this medication can have substantial food interactions that can cause Ms. Boeckh to develop a hypertensive crisis. Which antidepressant class is Ms. Boeckh’s medication in?

A. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors B. MAO inhibitors C. Tricyclic antidepressants D. Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors 1 points QUESTION 41 1. The PMHNP is assessing a patient in the psychiatric emergency room. The patient tells the PMHNP that he does not understand why his depression has not lifted after being on four different antidepressants over the course of a year. Which of the following symptoms can be residual symptoms for patients who do not achieve remission with major depressive disorder?

A. Insomnia B. Suicidal ideation C. Problems concentrating D. A and C 1 points QUESTION 42 1. Fluoxetine (Prozac) has been prescribed for a patient. Which of the following statements is true regarding the action of this medication?

A. Neuronal firing rates are not dysregulated in depression.

B. Blocking the presynaptic SERT will immediately lead to a great deal of serotonin in many synapses.

C. Upon the acute administration of a SSRI, 5HT decreases.

D. The action at the somatodendritic end of the serotonin neuron may best explain the therapeutic action of SSRIs.

1 points QUESTION 43 1. Fluoxetine (Prozac) has been prescribed for a client with depression. Which of the following statements is true regarding the action of this medication?

A. Fluoxetine causes an immediate resolution of the client’s depression.

B. Fluoxetine inhibits the serotonin transporter (SERT).

C. Upon the acute administration of fluoxetine, serotonin levels decrease.

D. Fluoxetine has a significant binding affinity to cholinergic receptors.

1 points QUESTION 44 1. The nurse education knows that teaching was effective when one of the students compares fluvoxamine to sertraline and notes which of the following similarities?

A. Both have a sedative-like, calming effect.

B. Both inhibit the dopamine transporter which increases the levels of dopamine.

C. Both agents are approved for the treatment of depression in the United States D. Both have actions at sigma receptors which contribute to both anxiolytic and antipsychotic effects.

1 points QUESTION 45 1. A 45 year old female client with allergic rhinitis and normal blood pressure has had no reduction in depressive symptoms after trying bupropion, paroxetine, and venlafaxine. What precautions are needed when considering phenelzine in treating her depression?

A. The client should be counseled to avoid all antihistamines for allergic rhinitis while taking an MAOI B. The client will need to minimize dietary intake of foods that are high in tyramine.

C. The client must avoid dental work that require an anesthetic while on an MAOI. D. All non-opioids and opioid analgesics must be avoided when taking an MAOI. 1 points QUESTION 46 1. A 51-year-old female patient presents with symptoms of depression, including lack of motivation and difficulty sleeping. What risk factors would increase her vulnerability for a diagnosis of depression?

A. First onset in puberty or early adulthood B. Late onset of menses C. Premenstrual syndrome D. A and C

1 points QUESTION 47 1. A nurse overhears that a patient has failed single therapy with an SSRI and SNRI. She also learns that the patient has been on dual SSRI/SNRI therapy without adequate symptom control.

She approaches the PMHNP and asks what the next treatment option could be in this seemingly treatment-resistant patient. The PMHNP tells the nurse she will treat the patient with the following regimen: A. MAOI plus SNRI B. SSRI/SNRI plus NDRI C. NDRI/SNRI plus mirtazapine D. NDRI plus modafinil 1 points QUESTION 48 1. A nurse overhears that a client has failed monotherapy with an SSRI and an SNRI. She also learns that the client has failed dual SSRI + SNRI therapy. The nurse approaches the PMHNP and asks what treatment options should be considered in this treatment resistant client. The PMHNP tells the nurse that she will treat the client with the following regimen.

A. SSRI + SNRI B. SSRI + NDRI C. SSRI + MAOI D. SSRI + Mood stabilizer 1 points QUESTION 49 1. A patient is prescribed fluoxetine but is concerned about the side effects. Which statement demonstrates accurate patient teaching when discussing the side effects associated with fluoxetine?

A. Weight gain can be problematic.

B. Sedation is very common.

C. Induction of mania is rare.

D. Seizures are not unusual.

1 points QUESTION 50 1. A client is prescribed fluoxetine but is concerned about side effects. Which statement demonstrates accurate client teaching when discussing the side effects associated with fluoxetine?

A. Weight gain is common B. Sedation is common C. Sedation is unusual D. Seizures occur frequently 1 points QUESTION 51 1. A 25-year-old female patient is being prescribed milnacipran to treat fibromyalgia, and expresses concern regarding “how she will feel and look” from taking the medicine. Which statement correctly describes the side effects as a result of taking this medication?

A. It can affect her menstruation.

B. Suicidality can be common among young adults.

C. Sedation may be problematic.

D. Weight gain is unusual.

1 points QUESTION 52 1. Mr. Ruby is a 33-year-old single father who is requesting pharmacological intervention to treat his fibromyalgia. The PMHNP sees in the medical chart that he has a recent diagnosis of arrhythmia and a BMI of 29. During his assessment, the PMHNP learns that Mr. Ruby works 40–50 hours a week as a contractor and “manages his stress” by smoking 3–4 cigarettes a day and having 8–10 drinks of alcohol each week. Why would duloxetine be contraindicated for Mr. Ruby?

A. He has fibromyalgia.

B. He has arrhythmia.

C. He uses alcohol.

D. He is overweight.

1 points QUESTION 53 1. A patient is prescribed sertraline to treat panic disorder. Knowing that sertraline can initially cause anxiety or insomnia, what should the PMHNP do?

A. Prescribe long-acting benzodiazepine for 2 weeks, then increase the dose.

B. Prescribe short-acting benzodiazepine for 2 weeks, then discontinue.

C. Prescribe long-acting benzodiazepine for 2 weeks, then discontinue.

D. Prescribe short-acting benzodiazepine for 2 weeks, then increase the dose.

1 points QUESTION 54 1. A patient is prescribed 50 mg of desvenlafaxine to take every other day for major depressive disorder. What does the PMHNP understand about this patient?

A. The patient has hepatic impairment.

B. The patient has moderate renal impairment.

C. The patient has severe renal impairment.

D. The patient has cardiac impairment.

1 points QUESTION 55 1. The PMHNP understands that which mechanism contributes to a worse tolerability profile for patients taking tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)?

A. Histamine H1 receptor blockade can cause insomnia.

B. Muscarinic M1 receptor blockade causes blurred vision.

C. Alpha 1 adrenergic receptor blockade causes weight gain.

D. Muscarinic M3 receptor blockade causes sedation.

1 points QUESTION 56 1. A patient who was prescribed an MAO inhibitor is learning about dietary modifications. Which statement made by the PMHNP demonstrates proper teaching of the food-drug interactions for MAO inhibitors?

A. “You must avoid soy products, such as tofu.”

B. “You should not consume processed meats.”

C. “You may consume fermented foods, like sauerkraut.”

D. “You may continue to drink beers on tap.”

1 points QUESTION 57 1. A patient who is prescribed MAO inhibitors asks about whether he can continue taking pseudoephedrine to relieve his congestion. Which response by the PMHNP indicates proper understanding of drug-drug interactions?

A. “Decongestants are fine to continue taking with MAO inhibitors.”

B. “Decongestants are okay to take with MAO inhibitors in moderation.”

C. “Decongestants should be avoided due to risk of serotonin syndrome.”

D. “Decongestants should be avoided due to risk of hypertensive crisis.”

1 points QUESTION 58 1. Ms. Skidmore presents for a follow-up appointment after being prescribed phenelzine (Nardil), and reports “I take my 45 mg pill, three times a day, just like I’m supposed to.” What does the PMHNP understand about this patient?

A. Ms. Skidmore is taking the correct dose of phenelzine (Nardil).

B. Ms. Skidmore is not taking enough of the phenelzine (Nardil); she should be taking three times that amount.

C. Ms. Skidmore is taking too much of the phenelzine (Nardil); she should be taking the 45 mg in three doses.

D. Ms. Skidmore is taking too much of the phenelzine (Nardil); she is supposed to take 45 mg every 24 hours.

1 points QUESTION 59 1. The PMHNP is caring for several patients who present with various symptoms and health issues. For which patient does the PMHNP prescribe pregabalin (Lyrica)?

A. Patient with PTSD B. Patient with partial seizures C. Patient with galactose intolerance D. Patient with Lapp lactase deficiency 1 points QUESTION 60 1. Mr. Gutier is 72 years old with anxiety and depressive symptoms. His PMHNP is prescribing lorazepam (Ativan). What does the PMHNP understand regarding this prescription?

A. The PMHNP will prescribe less than 2-6 mg for Mr. Gutier to take daily.

B. The PMHNP will require Mr. Gutier to take 2-4 doses of lorazepam (Ativan) per day.

C. The PMHNP will prescribe more than 2-6 mg for Mr. Gutier to take daily.

D. The PMHNP will have Mr. Gutier take 6 mg of lorazepam (Ativan) as a PRN. 1 points QUESTION 61

1. A patient is being prescribed a sedating antidepressant, but is concerned about weight gain.

Which medication is most likely to be prescribed to addresses the patient’s concerns?

A. mirtazapine (Remeron) B. doxepin (Silenor) C. alprazolam (Xanax) D. trazadone (Oleptro) 1 points QUESTION 62 1. A patient who was diagnosed with bipolar disorder without mania, asks the PMHNP why he is being prescribed a mood stabilizer. What is the appropriate response?

A. Mood stabilizers are only prescribed to treat manic phases of bipolar depression B. Mood stabilizers can consistently treat both mania and bipolar depression C. Mood stabilizers can target mania and mania relapse and also reduce symptoms of bipolar depression and relapse of bipolar depression symptoms but no drug has been proven to target all four therapeutic actions D. Certain mood stabilizers, such as lithium, are able to consistently target mania and bipolar depression 1 points QUESTION 63 1. A client who was diagnosed with bipolar disorder without mania, asks the PMHNP why he is being prescribed a mood stabilizer. What is the appropriate response?

A. Mood stabilizers only treat manic phases of bipolar disorder.

B. Mood stabilizers only treat the depressive phases of bipolar disorder.

C. Mood stabilizers can treat either manic phases or depressive phases of bipolar disorder.

D. Mood stabilizer monotherapy is effective in treating bipolar disorder without mania.

1 points QUESTION 64 1. The PMHNP is assessing a client in the emergency room. The client shares that he has been on lithium for many years. What blood test does the PMHNP order?

A. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone B. Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate C. Platelet Count D. Phosphate

1 points QUESTION 65 1. A nursing student is seeking clarification on the use of anticonvulsants to treat depression and is unclear about most effective outcomes. Which of the following agents does the PMHNP convey as having uncertain outcomes?

A. Carbamazepine (Tegretol) B. Gabapentin (Neurontin) C. Valporoic Acid (Depakene) D. All of the above 1 points QUESTION 66 1. A nursing student is seeking clarification on the use of anticonvulsants to treat bipolar depression and is unclear about which anticonvulsants have the most effective outcomes in treating bipolar depression. Which of the following anticonvulsants is NOT used for treating bipolar depression?

A. Carbamazepine (Tegretol) B. Gabapentin (Neurontin) C. Lamotrigine (Lamictal) D. Valproic Acid (Depakene) 1 points QUESTION 67 1. The PMHNP is meeting with a new mother who would like to begin taking medication again to treat her bipolar depression; she is breastfeeding her 2-month old daughter. The PMHNP recognizes that which of the following medications is contraindicated for this patient?

A. Valporic Acid (Depakene) B. Carbamazepine (Tegretol) C. Lithium (Lithobid) D. Lamotrigine (Lamictal) 1 points QUESTION 68 1. The PMHNP is meeting with a new mother who would like to begin taking medication again to treat her bipolar depression; she is breastfeeding her 2-month old daughter. The PMHNP recognizes that which of the following medications is contraindicated for this client?

A. Valproic Acid (Depakene) B. Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

C. Lithium (Lithobid) D. Lamotrigine (Lamictal) 1 points QUESTION 69 1. A patient was diagnosed with GAD 4 weeks ago and was placed on Clonazepam (klonopin) twice a day and citalopram (citalopram (celexa)) once daily. When he asks the PMHNP why it is necessary to wean him off of the Clonazepam (klonopin) the best response is: A. Clonazepam (klonopin) may interfere with citalopram (celexa)s targeted areas in the brain B. Clonazepam (klonopin) is not recommended for long term use due to possible sedation C. Clonazepam (klonopin) was used as an aid to treat your condition while you were adjusting to citalopram (celexa) D. Clonazepam (klonopin) and citalopram (celexa) target the same area in the brain and after long-term use they will begin to compete making one more or less effective than the other 1 points QUESTION 70 1. During assessment a patient states “Why are you asking me about my heart, I am here for my head”, the PMHNP’s best response is: A. “Some medications can cause heart issues so it is necessary to rule those out before you begin medication.”

B. “This is a part of our routine admission and it is important that you give me truthful answers.”

C. “Chronic conditions such as Lupus can cause an area in your brain to malfunction, specifically your hippocampus.”

D. “Anxiety can cause cortisol levels to increase and when this happens frequently it puts you at risk for comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes.”

1 points QUESTION 71 1. There are a number of endocrine reactions that accompany fear. A quick boost of cortisol may enhance survival when encountering a real but short-term threat. However, chronic elevations in cortisol can lead to increased medical comorbidities. Which of the following medical conditions may be related to these persistent cortisol elevations?

A. Increased rates of coronary artery disease B. Increased rates of type 2 diabetes C. Increased rates of stroke D. All of the above

1 points QUESTION 72 1. The PMHNP understands that the potential of alcohol abuse in the anxious client is higher for the following reasons: a. Alcohol exerts an effect on GABAA receptors. b. Alcohol increases serotonin levels c. Alcohol exerts an effect on the cannabinoid receptors d. Alcohol has an immediate action by altering G Protein Coupled Receptors 1 points QUESTION 73 1. After ordering flumazenil (Rumazicon) the PMHNP cautions the staff to monitor for which possible effect?

A. Agitation AB. Seizures AC. Sweating and Nausea D. All of the above 1 points QUESTION 74 1. The PMHNP evaluates the patient for “fear conditioning” when he asks: A. Have you ever experienced any type of trauma?

B. What do you do when you feel fear?

C. Does your mother or father have a history of fear and/or worrying?

D. What makes your fear better?

1 points QUESTION 75 1. A patient diagnosed with PTSD is prescribed propranolol (Inderal) and the PMHNP understands that he was prescribed this medication for what purpose: A. He has uncontrolled high blood pressure and this must be treated before focusing on his PTSD. B. Beta blockers are linked to reconsolidation.

C. This medication will allow the patient to sleep throughout the night.

D. This medication is linked to the increase of serotonin in the brain.

1 points

QUESTION 76 1. When completing this exam, did you comply with Walden University’s Code of Conduct including the expectations for academic integrity?

Yes No



Question 1 1 out of 1 points A noncompliant patient states, “Why do you want me to put this poison in my body?” Identify the best response made by the psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioner (PMHNP).

Selected Answer:



C. “Most medications that work in the brain will result in restoring an imbalance of one or more neurotransmitters that your body already produces helping to alleviate your symptoms .”

Question 2 1 out of 1 points

Ms. Hill is currently being treated for schizophrenia but has stopped taking her medications due to some side effects she claims she was experiencing. She presents to the clinic today with worsening symptoms. She is experiencing anhedonia, agitation, attentional impairment, and affective blunting. Which one of the symptoms mentioned is considered a positive symptom of schizophrenia?

Selected Answer: B. Agitation 

Question 3 1 out of 1 points Which statement about neurotransmitters and medications is true?

Selected Answer:



B. Several psychiatric medications have been developed after discoveries of endogenous neurotransmitters and defining their function in the brain.

Question 4 1 out of 1 points When an unstable patient asks why it is necessary to add medications to his current regimen, the PMHNP’s best response would be:

Selected Answer:



C. “Many psychiatric illnesses involve several dys-functioning neurotransmitter systems in the brain. Often, a single medication may only effect one or two of the dys-functioning systems. The addition of another medication can work with the current medication in stabilizing multiple neurotransmitter systems and help to alleviate your symptoms.”

Question 5 1 out of 1 points During gene expression, what must occur prior to a gene being expressed?

Selected Answers:



A. Transcription factor must bind to the regulatory region within the cell’s nucleus.

Question 6 1 out of 1 points While genes have potential to modify behavior, behavior can also modify genes. How do genes impact this process?

Selected Answer: B. Changes made to proteins lead to changes in behavior.



Question 7 1 out of 1 points Though medications have the ability to target neurotransmitter release into the synapse by the presynaptic neuron it is not always necessary. The PMHNP understands that this is because: Selected Answer: C. Neurotransmitters can spread by diffusion.



Question 8 1 out of 1 points Why is the cytochrome P450 enzyme system of significance to the PMHNP? Selected Answer:



B. The bioavailability of the medication after it passes through the stomach and liver can be altered.

Question 9 1 out of 1 points It is important for the PMHNP to recognize differences in pharmacokinetics to safely prescribe and monitor medications. Which of the following statements does the competent PMHNP identify as true?

Selected Answer:

A. About 1 out of 5 Asians requires lower-than-normal doses of some

antidepressants and antipsychotics. 

Question 10 1 out of 1 points As it relates to G-protein linked receptors, what does the PMHNP understand about medications that are used in practice?

Selected Answer:



A. Most medications that act on G-protein linked receptors have antagonistic traits.

Question 11 1 out of 1 points The PMHNP is considering prescribing a 49-year-old male clozapine (Clozaril) to treat his schizophrenia and suicidal ideations. The PMHNP is aware that which factor may impact the dose needed to effectively treat his condition: Selected Answer: A. The patient smokes cigarettes.



Question 12 0 out of 1 points A patient is diagnosed with bipolar disorder and is currently taking carbamazepine (Tegretol), aripiprazole (Abilify), and melatonin. The PMHNP has just written an order to discontinue the carbamazepine (Tegretol) for drug-induced thrombocytopenia. The PMHNP is aware that his next best action is to: Selected Answer: B. Write an order for a different mood stabilizer



Question 13 1 out of 1 points A patient recently transferred following a suicide attempt has a history of schizophrenia, depression, and fibromyalgia. He is currently taking Amitriptyline (Elavil), Lisinopril, aspirin, and fluoxetine (Prozac). When assessing the psychiatric medications and the reason for admission, what would be the best course of action for the PMHNP with this client?

Selected Answer: A. Review Amitriptyline (Elavil) level



Question 14 0 out of 1 points A patient with schizophrenia is given an inverse agonist that acts on the receptor 5HT and neurotransmitter serotonin. What is the rationale for prescribing a medication such as this?

Selected Answer: D.

To help decrease the amount of serotonin and dopamine 

Question 15 1 out of 1 points The PMHNP is caring for four patients. Which patient statement indicates that benzodiazepines would be beneficial?

Selected Answer: D. “I feel nervous to go outside and be in large crowds.”



Question 16 1 out of 1 points Ms. Harlow is a 42-year-old patient who is prescribed a drug that acts on ionotropic receptors.

She is curious about the effects of the drug and how it will act on her symptoms. Which statement made by the PMHNP demonstrates proper understanding of Ms. Harlow’s prescription?

Selected Answer: A. “The drug will have an almost immediate effect.”



Question 17 1 out of 1 points A patient is seeking pharmacological treatment for smoking cessation. Which drug class does the PMHNP prescribe to the patient?

Selected Answer: D. Varenicline (Chantix)



Question 18 1 out of 1 points The PMHNP is caring for a new patient who has been transferred from another office. When meeting with the new patient, the patient reports, “I feel like I am improving with the stabilizers.” The PMHNP immediately recognizes that the patient is describing which kind of drug?

Selected Answer: C. Partial agonists



Question 19 1 out of 1 points A patient presents with frequent episodes of mania. Which statement describes an appropriate treatment approach for this patient?

Selected Answer: B. “The patient could benefit from an anticonvulsant.”



Question 20 1 out of 1 points What characteristics do the nicotinic, cholinergic, serotonin 3, and glycine receptors all have in common?

Selected Answer: A. Ligand-gated ion channels with a pentameric structure



Question 21 0 out of 1 points Which statement made by the patient suggests the patient will need to be treated with antipsychotics that target paranoid psychosis?

Selected Answer:



C. “I’m not sure why that lady is wearing a red jacket since it’s the dogs who need food.”

Question 22 1 out of 1 points Mr. McCullin is 64 years old with Parkinson’s disease. The PMHNP caring for Mr. McCullin wants to start him on a dopamine agonist to help manage and treat his condition. The PHMNP selects this agent because of which action it has on patients like Mr. McCullin?

Selected Answer: D. D2 receptors are the primary binding site for dopamine agonists.



Question 23 1 out of 1 points Mrs. Trevor is a 44-year-old patient who does not have a diagnosis of schizophrenia but occasionally reports symptoms of psychosis, followed by severe fatigue. Mrs. Trevor inquires about the use of amphetamines to help with her energy levels. Which response made by the PMHNP is most appropriate?

Selected Answer:



C. “Amphetamines can cause hallucinations, so I would advise against this type of prescription.”

Question 24 1 out of 1 points The PMHNP is caring for a patient with schizophrenia and is considering a variety of treatment approaches. The PHMNP selects a viable treatment that is consistent with the “dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia.” What action does the PMHNP anticipate this treatment having on the patient?

Selected Answer:

B. Hyperactivity in the mesolimbic dopamine pathway mediates the positive

symptoms of schizophrenia. 

Question 25 1 out of 1 points A patient is diagnosed with schizophrenia. What increases the patient’s potential to mediate the cognitive symptoms of the disease?

Selected Answer:



A. Achieving underactivity of the mesocorticol projections to the prefrontal cortex

Question 26 1 out of 1 points What is accurate about the clinical description of psychosis?

Selected Answer:



C. It is a syndrome that can be associated with a number of psychiatric disorders.

Question 27 1 out of 1 points The PMNHP is assessing a 29-year-old client who takes antipsychotics that block D2 receptors. This client has begun to develop a common side effect of this medication. What is this side effect?

Selected Answer: D. Tardive dyskinesia



Question 28 1 out of 1 points The PMHNP is caring for a patient who is taking antipsychotics heard the psychiatrist tell the patient that the patient would be placed on a different antipsychotic agent called an atypical antipsychotic. What neurotransmitters will this new medication work on?

Selected Answer: A. dopamine and serotonin



Question 29 1 out of 1 points Which statement made by the PMHNP exemplifies correct teaching of physiological effects in the body?

Selected Answer:



D. D2 partial agonists are associated with increased efficacy in treating positive symptoms of schizophrenia.

Question 30 1 out of 1 points Mrs. Schwartzman is a 52-year-old patient with schizophrenia and no established history of

depression. When meeting with the PMHNP, she presents with apathy and withdrawn social behavior, and she reports a loss of joy from enjoyable activities. What does the PMHNP infer from this encounter with the patient?

Selected Answer: 

B. The recent change of a 2nd generation antipsychotic to a conventional one

Question 31 1 out of 1 points Mrs. Schwartzman is a 52-year-old client with schizophrenia and no established history of depression. When meeting with the PMHNP, she presents with apathy and withdrawn social behavior, and she reports a loss of joy from enjoyable activities since starting her new medication. What does the PMHNP infer from this encounter with the client?

Selected Answer: C. The new medication is blocking D2 receptors in the mesolimbic system



Question 32 1 out of 1 points The student inquires about antipsychotic medications. Which response by the PMHNP describes the factors that contribute to reduced risk of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) for patients who take antipsychotics?

Selected Answer: B. Those that are potent D2 antagonists with 5HT2A antagonism properties



Question 33 0 out of 1 points Mr. Gordon is a middle-aged patient who is taking antipsychotics. When meeting with the PMHNP, he reports positive responses to the medication, stating, “I really feel as though the effects of my depression are going away.” Which receptor action in antipsychotic medications is believed to be the most beneficial in producing the effects described by Mr. Gordon?

Selected Answer: D. D2 partial agonist



Question 34 1 out of 1 points Mr. Gordon is a middle-aged client who was started on antidepressant monotherapy for depression. After beginning this medication, the PMHNP noticed that this client seemed to swing into a hypomanic episode. What can the PMHNP infer from this behavior change?

Selected Answer: A. This client may have Bipolar III disorder



Question 35 1 out of 1 points

Ms. Ryerson is a 28-year-old patient with a mood disorder. She recently requested to transfer to a new PMHNP, after not getting along well with her previous provider. The new PHMNP is reviewing Ms. Ryerson’s medical chart prior to their first appointment. Upon review, the PMHNP sees that the former provider last documented “patient had rapid poop out.” What does the PMHNP infer about the patient’s prescription based on this documentation?

Selected Answer: A. The patient has an unsustained response to antidepressants. 

Question 36 0 out of 1 points The PMHNP recognizes that which patient would be contraindicated for antidepressant monotherapy?

Selected Answer: D. None of the above



Question 37 1 out of 1 points The PMHNP spends a session with a client and notices behaviors correlating with a potential manic episode. All of the following are possible manic symptoms the PMHNP could observe except: Selected Answer: D. A low self esteem



Question 38 1 out of 1 points The PMHNP is caring for a patient with the s genotype of SERT. What does the PMHNP understand regarding this patient’s response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)/SNRI treatment?

Selected Answer: D. The patient may be less responsive or tolerant to the treatment.



Question 39 1 out of 1 points Ms. Boeckh is a 42-year-old patient with major depression. The PMHNP understands that which action of norepinephrine will affect Ms. Boeckh’s serotonin levels?

Selected Answer: B. Norepinephrine inhibits 5HT release through a2 receptors.



Question 40 1 out of 1 points Ms. Boeckh is a 42-year-old client who is taking an antidepressant therapy. The PMHNP understands that this medication can have substantial food interactions that can cause Ms.

Boeckh to develop a hypertensive crisis. Which antidepressant class is Ms. Boeckh’s medication in?

Selected Answer: B. MAO inhibitors 

Question 41 1 out of 1 points The PMHNP is assessing a patient in the psychiatric emergency room. The patient tells the PMHNP that he does not understand why his depression has not lifted after being on four different antidepressants over the course of a year. Which of the following symptoms can be residual symptoms for patients who do not achieve remission with major depressive disorder?

Selected Answer: D. A and C



Question 42 1 out of 1 points Fluoxetine (Prozac) has been prescribed for a patient. Which of the following statements is true regarding the action of this medication?

Selected Answer:



D. The action at the somatodendritic end of the serotonin neuron may best explain the therapeutic action of SSRIs.

Question 43 1 out of 1 points Fluoxetine (Prozac) has been prescribed for a client with depression. Which of the following statements is true regarding the action of this medication?

Selected Answer: B. Fluoxetine inhibits the serotonin transporter (SERT).



Question 44 0 out of 1 points The nurse education knows that teaching was effective when one of the students compares fluvoxamine to sertraline and notes which of the following similarities?

Selected Answer:



C. Both agents are approved for the treatment of depression in the United States

Question 45 1 out of 1 points A 45 year old female client with allergic rhinitis and normal blood pressure has had no reduction in depressive symptoms after trying bupropion, paroxetine, and venlafaxine. What precautions are needed when considering phenelzine in treating her depression?

Selected

B.

Answer: 

The client will need to minimize dietary intake of foods that are high in tyramine.

Question 46 0 out of 1 points A 51-year-old female patient presents with symptoms of depression, including lack of motivation and difficulty sleeping. What risk factors would increase her vulnerability for a diagnosis of depression?

Selected Answer: B. Late onset of menses



Question 47 1 out of 1 points A nurse overhears that a patient has failed single therapy with an SSRI and SNRI. She also learns that the patient has been on dual SSRI/SNRI therapy without adequate symptom control. She approaches the PMHNP and asks what the next treatment option could be in this seemingly treatment-resistant patient. The PMHNP tells the nurse she will treat the patient with the following regimen: Selected Answer: B. SSRI/SNRI plus NDRI



Question 48 1 out of 1 points A nurse overhears that a client has failed monotherapy with an SSRI and an SNRI. She also learns that the client has failed dual SSRI + SNRI therapy. The nurse approaches the PMHNP and asks what treatment options should be considered in this treatment resistant client. The PMHNP tells the nurse that she will treat the client with the following regimen.

Selected Answer: B. SSRI + NDRI



Question 49 1 out of 1 points A patient is prescribed fluoxetine but is concerned about the side effects. Which statement demonstrates accurate patient teaching when discussing the side effects associated with fluoxetine?

Selected Answer: C. Induction of mania is rare.



Question 50 0 out of 1 points A client is prescribed fluoxetine but is concerned about side effects. Which statement demonstrates accurate client teaching when discussing the side effects associated with fluoxetine?

Selected Answer: C. Sedation is unusual 

Question 51 1 out of 1 points A 25-year-old female patient is being prescribed milnacipran to treat fibromyalgia, and expresses concern regarding “how she will feel and look” from taking the medicine. Which statement correctly describes the side effects as a result of taking this medication?

Selected Answer: D. Weight gain is unusual.



Question 52 1 out of 1 points Mr. Ruby is a 33-year-old single father who is requesting pharmacological intervention to treat his fibromyalgia. The PMHNP sees in the medical chart that he has a recent diagnosis of arrhythmia and a BMI of 29. During his assessment, the PMHNP learns that Mr. Ruby works 40–50 hours a week as a contractor and “manages his stress” by smoking 3–4 cigarettes a day and having 8–10 drinks of alcohol each week. Why would duloxetine be contraindicated for Mr. Ruby?

Selected Answer: C. He uses alcohol.



Question 53 1 out of 1 points A patient is prescribed sertraline to treat panic disorder. Knowing that sertraline can initially cause anxiety or insomnia, what should the PMHNP do?

Selected Answer: B. Prescribe short-acting benzodiazepine for 2 weeks, then discontinue.



Question 54 1 out of 1 points A patient is prescribed 50 mg of desvenlafaxine to take every other day for major depressive disorder. What does the PMHNP understand about this patient?

Selected Answer: C. The patient has severe renal impairment.



Question 55 1 out of 1 points The PMHNP understands that which mechanism contributes to a worse tolerability profile for patients taking tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)?

Selected Answer: B. Muscarinic M1 receptor blockade causes blurred vision. 

Question 56 1 out of 1 points A patient who was prescribed an MAO inhibitor is learning about dietary modifications.

Which statement made by the PMHNP demonstrates proper teaching of the food-drug interactions for MAO inhibitors?

Selected Answer: A. “You must avoid soy products, such as tofu.”



Question 57 1 out of 1 points A patient who is prescribed MAO inhibitors asks about whether he can continue taking pseudoephedrine to relieve his congestion. Which response by the PMHNP indicates proper understanding of drug-drug interactions?

Selected Answer: D. “Decongestants should be avoided due to risk of hypertensive crisis.”



Question 58 1 out of 1 points Ms. Skidmore presents for a follow-up appointment after being prescribed phenelzine (Nardil), and reports “I take my 45 mg pill, three times a day, just like I’m supposed to.” What does the PMHNP understand about this patient?

Selected Answer:



C. Ms. Skidmore is taking too much of the phenelzine (Nardil); she should be taking the 45 mg in three doses.

Question 59 1 out of 1 points The PMHNP is caring for several patients who present with various symptoms and health issues. For which patient does the PMHNP prescribe pregabalin (Lyrica)?

Selected Answer: B. Patient with partial seizures



Question 60 1 out of 1 points Mr. Gutier is 72 years old with anxiety and depressive symptoms. His PMHNP is prescribing lorazepam (Ativan). What does the PMHNP understand regarding this prescription?

Selected Answer: A.

The PMHNP will prescribe less than 2-6 mg for Mr. Gutier to take daily. 

Question 61 1 out of 1 points A patient is being prescribed a sedating antidepressant, but is concerned about weight gain.

Which medication is most likely to be prescribed to addresses the patient’s concerns?

Selected Answer: D. trazadone (Oleptro)



Question 62 1 out of 1 points A patient who was diagnosed with bipolar disorder without mania, asks the PMHNP why he is being prescribed a mood stabilizer. What is the appropriate response?

Selected Answer:



C. Mood stabilizers can target mania and mania relapse and also reduce symptoms of bipolar depression and relapse of bipolar depression symptoms but no drug has been proven to target all four therapeutic actions

Question 63 1 out of 1 points A client who was diagnosed with bipolar disorder without mania, asks the PMHNP why he is being prescribed a mood stabilizer. What is the appropriate response?

Selected Answer: 

C. Mood stabilizers can treat either manic phases or depressive phases of bipolar disorder.

Question 64 1 out of 1 points The PMHNP is assessing a client in the emergency room. The client shares that he has been on lithium for many years. What blood test does the PMHNP order?

Selected Answer: A. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone



Question 65 1 out of 1 points A nursing student is seeking clarification on the use of anticonvulsants to treat depression and is unclear about most effective outcomes. Which of the following agents does the PMHNP convey as having uncertain outcomes?

Selected Answer: B. Gabapentin (Neurontin)



Question 66 1 out of 1 points A nursing student is seeking clarification on the use of anticonvulsants to treat bipolar depression and is unclear about which anticonvulsants have the most effective outcomes in treating bipolar depression. Which of the following anticonvulsants is NOT used for treating bipolar depression?

Selected Answer: B. Gabapentin (Neurontin)



Question 67 0 out of 1 points The PMHNP is meeting with a new mother who would like to begin taking medication again to treat her bipolar depression; she is breastfeeding her 2-month old daughter. The PMHNP recognizes that which of the following medications is contraindicated for this patient?

Selected Answer: C. Lithium (Lithobid)



Question 68 1 out of 1 points The PMHNP is meeting with a new mother who would like to begin taking medication again to treat her bipolar depression; she is breastfeeding her 2-month old daughter. The PMHNP recognizes that which of the following medications is contraindicated for this client?

Selected Answer: C. Lithium (Lithobid)



Question 69 1 out of 1 points A patient was diagnosed with GAD 4 weeks ago and was placed on Clonazepam (klonopin) twice a day and citalopram (citalopram (celexa)) once daily. When he asks the PMHNP why it is necessary to wean him off of the Clonazepam (klonopin) the best response is: Selected Answer:



C. Clonazepam (klonopin) was used as an aid to treat your condition while you were adjusting to citalopram (celexa)

Question 70 1 out of 1 points During assessment a patient states “Why are you asking me about my heart, I am here for my head”, the PMHNP’s best response is: Selected Answer:



Question 71

D. “Anxiety can cause cortisol levels to increase and when this happens frequently it puts you at risk for comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes.”

0 out of 1 points There are a number of endocrine reactions that accompany fear. A quick boost of cortisol may enhance survival when encountering a real but short-term threat. However, chronic elevations in cortisol can lead to increased medical comorbidities. Which of the following medical conditions may be related to these persistent cortisol elevations?

Selected Answer: B. Increased rates of type 2 diabetes 

Question 72 1 out of 1 points The PMHNP understands that the potential of alcohol abuse in the anxious client is higher for the following reasons: Selected Answer: a.

Alcohol exerts an effect on GABAA receptors.



Question 73 0 out of 1 points After ordering flumazenil (Rumazicon) the PMHNP cautions the staff to monitor for which possible effect?

Selected Answer: B. A Seizures



Question 74 0 out of 1 points The PMHNP evaluates the patient for “fear conditioning” when he asks: Selected Answer: B. What do you do when you feel fear?



Question 75 1 out of 1 points A patient diagnosed with PTSD is prescribed propranolol (Inderal) and the PMHNP understands that he was prescribed this medication for what purpose: Selected Answer: B. Beta blockers are linked to reconsolidation.