American Government Political Development and Institutional Change, 9th Edition Cal Jillson

American Government Political Development and Institutional Change, 9e Cal Jillson (Test Bank All Chapters, 100% Original Verified, A+ Grade) Chapter 1 Test Bank in Word for 9e Single-Select Multiple Choice Question

Answer

A custom, practice, or organization, often embedded in rule of law, is called: The rule of an elite few for their own interests.

According to Plato, who should rule a properly constituted polis?

Which of these statements accurately defines a type of government according to Aristotle’s typology

b

A policy

An institution

A legal procedure

A rule

d

Monarchy

Polis

Democracy

Oligarchy

a

A philosopher-king

Before it was an empire, what was ancient Rome?

Which theorists made the first and most influential efforts to explain how mixed governments can work in practice?

According to the Pro and Con Box in Chapter 1, which of the following was not a characteristic of the “Athenian democracy?”

c

Aristocracy is a government organized around a few men who are primarily motivated by their narrow private and class interests It was always an empire Polybius and Cicero

The few wisest citizens Tyranny is any government that is oppressive to the people

None of the above

b

A political scienceking Democracy is a government organized around many men who are primarily motivated by the broad public interest It was a democracy

It was a republic

It was a polity

Socrates and Plato

St. Augustine and St. Thomas Aquinas

Thomas Hobbes and John Locke

A deep respect for the individual rights and liberties of all city residents

Slaves and resident aliens (three-fifths of the population) were denied citizenship

All citizens were given one vote in the Assembly

a

b

A

The people met in the Assembly to discuss and decide major issues

B

C

D

All of the above

What is the temporal world?

c

The world of the sacred

The world of the politically powerful

The otherworldly

John Calvin

The world of peoples and nations and human history Thomas Hobbes

Who wrote that, without an allpowerful monarch, human beings will fall into a war of all against all in which life is “solitary, nasty, brutish, and short.”

Who was the founder of the Protestant Reformation?

c

Niccolò Machiavelli

c

Martin Luther King, Jr.

Thomas Hobbes

Martin Luther

John Winthrop

In addition to social contract theory, what are two other concepts taken from classical liberalism which influenced the Founding generation?

Who were the Pilgrims?

c

Nothing else was taken

Divine right monarchy and the Common Law

Separation of powers and free markets

Unlimited, immoderate constitutional regime

b

Wealthy English Puritans who settled in the South in order to avoid religious persecution in the home country

Middling English Puritans who settled in New England in order to avoid religious persecution in the home country

Wealthy English Anglicans who settled in the South in order to develop it economically

a

The English

The Irish

The Germans

Middling English Anglicans who settled in the Mid-Atlantic in order to develop it economically and in some cases to avoid religious persecution in the home country The Dutch

In the population of the American colonies in 1765, which ethnic group was the largest?

What drove the idea behind the notion that the Americans had “space” for dissent?

d

The orthodox did not feel the need to destroy the unorthodox

Banishment was an accepted form of punishment

The vastness of the land allowed for pockets of acceptability interspersed between places of orthodoxy

2

John Locke

All of the above

What was political participation like a in the early colonies?

It was very democratic in nature

It was oligarchic but still modestly democratic in nature The British colonials were less heterogeneous regarding religion, language, and ethnicity and were larger in numbers overall Government and politics

It was oligarchic and hence not very democratic at all in nature The British colonials were more heterogeneous regarding religion, language, and ethnicity and were larger in numbers overall The economy

It was aristocratic and hence not very democratic at all in nature None of the above

Which of the statements below accurately describes differences between the populations in British colonies and those in French Canadian colonies?

c

To what area of social life did Adam Smith most extensively apply the principles of classical liberalism?

Which Enlightenment thinker argued the earliest and most influentially that science and discovery worked for the eternal benefit of society?

How did St. Augustine and St. Thomas Aquinas differ from the ancients and how did this impact the Founding generation?

c

The British colonials were more heterogeneous regarding religion, language, ethnicity but were fewer in numbers overall Law

d

Hobbes

Machiavelli

Montesquieu

Bacon

a

They privileged the role of the sacred over the secular and this served as a negative example for the Founding generation At the Constitutional Convention and in the form of separation of powers

They privileged the role of the secular over the sacred and this served as a positive example for the Founding generation At the Magna Carta and in the form of the Barony

They privileged the role of the national over sub-national governments and this served as a positive example for the Founding generation At the American Revolution and in the form of the idea that freedom has its own order and structure

They privileged the role of the sub-national over the national government and this served as a negative example for the Founding generation

When did the concept of individualism find its brightest moment and what form did it take?

c

3

Culture

At the English Revolution and in the form of religious tolerance

What lesson did the Founding Fathers learn from Polybius and Cicero?

b

Mixed constitutions should be avoided

Who normally rules in aristocracies and oligarchies?

How does the textbook author define the word “institution?”

b

The poor

c

A place where official government business is conducted

What is meant by American political development (APD)?

a

What did the ancients mean by “democracy?”

b

What is meant by “classical republicanism?”

c

Mixed constitutions should be embraced because they balance the interests of the rich and the poor The rich

The formal and informal rules that set the parameters within which “the game of politics” is played The study of The study of development and America’s change in American democratic political processes, development in institutions, and comparison to the policies over time development of other democracies around the world They thought it was equivalent to “mob rule” A mixed state in which monarchical, aristocratic, and democratic principles are combined

Rule by the people in the interest of the entire community A form of popular government that relies on elected representatives instead of direct democratic governance

4

Mixed constitutions should be embraced because they serve the interests of the middle classes

Mixed constitutions should be avoided because monarchy is clearly the best way to govern a republic

The middle class

None of the above

A custom, practice, or organization, usually embedded in rules and law, that defines and structures social and political activity The thesis that American government has become much more political over time, thus reducing its capacity to solve the problems that affect the lives of ordinary Americans Rule by the people in their own self-interest

None of the above

A set of ideas that emphasizes concern for the common good over the self-interest of individuals

None of the above

They thought it was equivalent to “free government” A set of ideas that emphasizes the importance of limited government and individual rights

What differentiates a monarchy from a tyranny?

d

The source of their legitimacy, with monarchies being based on the will of God and tyrannies being based on the will of the ruler

The source of their legitimacy, with monarchies being based on the will of the people or of God and tyrannies being based on neither Locke and Hobbes

The purpose of government, with monarchies having bad motives and tyrannies having good ones

The purposes of government with monarchies having good motives and tyrannies having bad ones

Name two philosophers associated with social contract theory What two concepts does classical liberalism favor?

b

Locke and Smith

Polybius and Machiavelli Large government and individual rights

Rorty and Rawls

b

Limited government and individual rights

What was the dominant American political and social ideology in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries?

Which of the following are characteristics of American colonial settlement that influenced American political development?

John Locke was a “giant” during which stage of the Western intellectual tradition?

What was the official religion of the British colonies in North America?

b

Large government and aggregate rights Social Democracy

Classical Liberalism

Classical Republicanism

Corporatist Capitalism

d

Space for dissent and economic opportunity

Social fluidity and heterogeneity

Equality and tolerance

All of the above

b

The Ancient World

Modernity

The Middle Ages

The Renaissance

a

There was no single official religion throughout all of the British colonies Greek term for political community on the scale of a city

Puritanism

Anglican

Catholicism

What is a polis?

a

Latin term for political community on the scale of a city

Greek term for political community on the scale of a state

Latin term for political community on the scale of a country

5

Limited government and aggregate rights

What is an aristocracy?

c

Rule of the few in their own selfinterest

Rule by the few in the interest of the entire community

Both of the first two options

A political community that is no larger than a city unless part of a confederacy

The worst possible form of government

None of the above

c

Rule by the many in the interest of the entire community A political community in which the institutions of oligarchy and democracy were mixed to produce political stability Religious

What did Aristotle mean by a “polity?”

a

What does secular mean?

Otherworldly

Non-religious

Selfish

Who is the legitimate source of political authority, according to the idea of individualism?

What is social contract theory?

d

The powerful

The rich

The divine

The people

a

An argument that the legitimate origin of government rests with the “divine right of kings”

An argument that the non-legitimate origin of government is in the agreement of a free people

An argument that power rests exclusively with those best suited to exercise it

Which one of the following pairs contains giants from the Protestant Reformation?

c

An argument that the legitimate origin of government is in the agreement of a free people Niccolò Machiavelli and Montesquieu

Francis Bacon and Thomas Hobbes

Martin Luther and John Calvin

St. Augustine and St. Thomas Aquinas

Multiple-Select Multiple Choice

6

True-False A Republic combines principles from monarchy, aristocracy and democracy.

TRUE

Secularism refers to the division of religious groups according to differences in theological interpretations of the Bible.

FALSE

The Puritans of early Massachusetts shared many ideas about politics with medieval Europeans.

TRUE

Montesquieu argued that circumstance and a nation's people should be considered when decided what sort of government is most useful and effective for a society.

TRUE

French Canadian settlements were generally larger and more linguistically diverse than their British counterparts.

FALSE

Adam Smith and John Locke were British intellectuals that influenced American thought.

TRUE

The principles of equality and tolerance were central to early American social thinking because these principles were central to the doctrines of most of the major religious traditions in North America at the time.

FALSE

The concept of individual rights is central to the ideas of individualism and classical liberalism?

TRUE

According to the Pro and Con section, democracy is always good.

FALSE

7

The principles of equality and tolerance were inherent among the religious traditions of most of the colonial settlers in America.

FALSE

According to the Let’s Compare section, all settlements in North America during colonial times followed similar patterns.

FALSE

A modern definition of "democracy" would include reliance on free elections to select public officials and to affect the direction of public policy.

TRUE

Open Contrast the purposes of government for the ancients and the moderns.

What elements of Greek and Roman political thought did early Americans adopt?

How have Individualism and secularism contributed to the development of the American government?

In what major ways did diversity impact American colonial development?

Do you believe that the social contract is a practical reality or only an abstract idea? Support your answer with concrete examples.

Would Montesquieu support the spread of democracy across the globe? Why or why not?

Contrast the six basic types of government as laid out by Aristotle. Then, describe his preferred complex (or mixed) regime. Why did he think this regime could be more stable than any of the basic types?

What does the notion that there was a natural “openness” of America entail?

As completely yet succinctly as possible, discuss the major concepts associated with classical liberalism.

In deciding how to form and establish government in America, were the Founding Fathers influenced more by the ideas of medieval thinkers, such as Aquinas, or of Ancient thinkers, such as Plato and Aristotle?

What role, if any, did religion play in the colonial settlement of America?

8

In no more than two sentences, briefly describe the most important (negative) lesson that colonial Americans learned from the medieval period.

In no more than one sentence, list and/or describe the important political idea that Aristotle and Polybius both endorsed.

In one or two sentences, describe how Martin Luther and John Calvin viewed religious and political hierarchy.

9

Chapter 2 Test Bank in Word for 9e Single-Select Multiple Choice Question

Answer

A

B

An uprising that convinced Americans to support a stronger national government.

b

Boston Massacre

Shay's Rebellion

Boston Tea Party

The Second Constitutional Convention

The written constitution first developed:

c

In the writings of John Locke

In Scotland

In the United States

In France

The assignment of legislative, executive and judicial powers to different institutions is an example of:

d

Federalism

Checks and Balances

Bicameralism

Separation of Powers

What was the most important consequence of the Seven Years War (aka the French and Indian War) with respect to American political development?

b

It increased the French as a threat to the British colonies in North America

It ended the French as a threat to the British colonies in North America

It instantiated Spain as It indebted the French to a threat to the British American financiers colonies in North America

Did the decision to declare independence from Great Britain happen immediately or did it develop gradually?

a

Gradually

Immediately

Combination of the two

During the “critical period,” what major events occurred that spurred the calling of the Constitutional Convention?

c

The Revolutionary War and Northwest Ordinance

The ratification of the Articles of Confederation and the Battle of Yorktown

The Annapolis None of the above Convention and Shay’s Rebellion

1

C

D

None of the above

From what class of society did the Delegates at the Constitutional Convention come from and was this representative of the average American?

b

Social, economic, and political elites who were representative of the average American

Social, economic, and political elites who were not representative of the average American

Social, economic, and political masses who were representative of the average American

Social, economic, but not political elites who were not representative of the average American

How does a representative government differ from a direct democracy?

c

It doesn’t

In a representative government the people rule directly

In a representative government the people elect a tyrant to rule on their behalf during times of extended crisis

What does bicameralism mean?

b

That the executive branch will exist in a plural form

That the legislative branch will exist in a dual chamber form

In a representative government the people elect representative(s) to conduct the business of government That the judicial branch will exist under the conditions of “dual sovereignty”

What was purpose of the Preamble to the Constitution?

a

To declare the Constitution an act of the sovereign people (rather than of sovereign states) and to explicate the goals of the proposed government

To declare the Constitution an act of sovereign states (rather than the sovereign people) and to explicate the goals of the proposed government

To declare the Constitution an act of the sovereign people (rather than of sovereign states) and to explicate the means the government will use for realizing its goals

To declare the Constitution an act of sovereign states (rather than the sovereign people) and to explicate the means the government will use for realizing its goals

Which plan that was proposed as a model for the Constitution called for a unicameral legislature with equality of representation?

b

The Virginia Plan

The New Jersey plan

The Connecticut plan

None of the above

2

That the structure of the government will be conditioned by “dual federalism”

In the Electoral College, what formula was utilized to set the number of electors?

b

Equivalent to the number of members of Congress with equality of representation as derived from the House and proportionality of representation as derived from the Senate

Equivalent to the number of members of Congress with equality of representation as derived from the Senate and proportionality of representation as derived from the House

Equivalent to the number of members of the Supreme Court to ensure an absolute in-direct representation among the electors

In what sense did the original Bill of Rights protect rights and liberties?

a

It protected individual rights and liberties from actions by the national government

It protected state rights and liberties from the actions of the national government and other states governments

It protected individual All of the above rights and liberties from actions taken by the state governments

In the struggle to ratify the Constitution, how did the Federalists defend their argument that a Bill of Rights was unnecessary?

b

They didn’t; they supported the ratification of the Constitution

By using the “reserved powers theory,” they said that powers not expressly granted to the national government by the federal Constitution would be retained by the people and the states

By using the “reserved powers theory,” that said that powers not given to the national government would be left in reserve for future consideration

3

Equivalent to the number of members of the Senate but not the House to ensure an absolute equality in representation among the electors

By using “social contract theory,” that said that popular agreement was necessary for the constitution of government

Which of these statements accurately describes the proposal and ratification of the Bill of Rights?

a

It was proposed by the first Federal Congress and ratified by the state legislatures in 1791

It was proposed with the original Constitution in 1787, but it was ratified separately (in 1789) according to the wishes of the Anti-Federalists

It was proposed by the second Constitutional Convention in 1790 and approved by state ratification conventions in 1790-1

None of the above statements are accurate

In what context does the phrase “advice and consent” appear in the Constitution?

d

In the preamble, where it is declared that the U.S. government is a system of “rule according to the advice and consent of the people”

The requirement that the President may commit troops into combat “only with the advice and consent of the House of Representatives”

The requirement that the Congress “may declare war only with the advice and consent of the President”

None of the above

Which of the following was NOT a provision or characteristic of the Virginia plan?

c

Based on popular sovereignty

Bicameralism

Strictly enumerated federal legislative powers

Broad federal judicial powers

In a so-called “representative government,” who conducts the business of government?

a

Representatives elected by the people

All citizens who are subjected to the laws passed by government

An unelected group or individual who claims to rule on behalf of the people

None of the above

4

What is the “take care clause?”

d

The clause in Article I, section 10, of the Constitution that says Congress must “take care that its enumerated powers be not used in betrayal of the public trust”

The clause in Article II, section 1, of the Constitution that says the Supreme Court shall “take care that the Constitution and rule of law be upheld”

The clause in Article III, section 1, of the Constitution that says the President shall “take care to preserve the Constitution and security of the nation”

The clause in Article II, section 3, of the Constitution that says the President shall “take care that the laws be faithfully executed”

In the struggle for ratification of the Constitution, which side opposed ratification?

b

The Federalists

The Anti-Federalists

The DemocraticRepublicans

The Loyalists

To which branch of government does the necessary and proper clause apply?

a

The Congress

The Presidency

The Supreme Court

All of the above

Which section of the U.S. Constitution lists the so-called “enumerated powers?”

c

Article III, section 6

Article II, section 3

Article I, section 8

None of the above

5

What is federalism?

c

A form of government where powers are divided between national and international governments

A form of government where powers are strictly divided between national and lower levels of government

A form of government where some powers are assigned to a national government, some are assigned to lower levels of government, and some are exercised concurrently by both levels of government

A form of government where powers are concentrated at the national level

Which of the following is an institutional check on power that violates the pure principle of separation of powers?

a

Executive veto of legislative acts

Federalism

Bicameralism

None of the above

What impact did Shay’s Rebellion have on public opinion during the “Critical Period?”

d

It convinced many that the states required more power in order to check the power of the central government

It convinced many that the U.S. Constitution was in need of amendment

It convinced many that the U.S. was going to win independence in the Revolutionary War

It convinced many that the states were unstable and that a stronger national government was needed

What is the Philadelphia or Federal Convention also referred to as?

b

The Annapolis Convention

The Constitutional Convention

The Continental Convention

The state Convention

6

Why was the Annapolis Convention of 1786 held?

a

To discuss problems related to interstate commerce

To discuss problems arising out of foreign policy security dilemmas

To discuss problems arising out of state diplomatic relations with Indian tribes

What was the Confederation Congress?

c

The national government created by the Constitution

The executive branch component of the national government during the Revolutionary War

The central government created by the Articles of Confederation

The central government established by the Confederate Constitution

Who is widely regarded as the “Father of the U.S. Constitution?”

d

James Monroe

James Wilson

James Buchanan

None of the above

Which of the following statements accurately describes the process by which the Constitution was ratified?

d

The Constitution required approval from nine state conventions in order to be ratified and Massachusetts was the ninth state to approve

The Constitution required approval from all thirteen state conventions in order to be ratified and Rhode Island was the thirteenth state to approve

The Constitution required approval from ten state conventions in order to be ratified and New York was the tenth state to approve

None of the above is accurate

7

To discuss reconciliation with the British Empire

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the growth of democracy in the world over the past 180 years?

b

In 1900, about 10 percent of the world’s countries were democratic; in 1975, just over 50 percent of countries were democratic; and in 2008, about 75 percent of countries were democratic.

In each period between 1820 and 1990, the vast majority of the world’s countries were not democratic. In 2008, however, a sizeable majority of countries were democratic.

In each period prior to 1950, the vast majority of the world’s countries were not democratic.

From 1950 to 1975, the proportion of countries that were democratic increased to about 60 percent.

Since then, however, the proportion of countries that were democratic has declined, and in 2008 it was around 45 percent.

None of the above

Which of the following statements accurately delineates the branches of government established by the first three Articles of the Constitution?

c

Article I established the executive branch, Article II established the legislative branch, and Article III established the judicial branch

Article I established the executive branch, Article II established the judicial branch, and Article III established the legislative branch

Article I established the legislative branch, Article II established the executive branch, and Article III established the judicial branch

None of the above

8

Which of the following was not a political principle or institutional arrangement that was supported by most of the delegates at the Constitutional Convention?

a

Strong unitary national executive

Limited government and the idea of a written constitution

Representative government

Separation of powers

What document served as the country’s “first” constitution?

c

The Confederate Constitution

The U.S. Constitution

The Articles of Confederation

The Declaration of Independence

Which political philosopher (and idea) had the strongest impact on the theory expressed in the Declaration of Independence?

a

Locke and his idea of natural rights

Montesquieu and his idea about the separation of powers

Blackstone and his notion of legislative sovereignty

Hobbes and his idea of a social compact

Which Continental Congress signed the Declaration of Independence?

a

The second

The first

The third

The fourth

What did the Declaratory Act of 1766 state regarding the authority of the British King and Parliament over the colonies?

a

Their power to make laws binding on the colonies in America was absolute

Their power to make laws binding on the colonies in America was subject to colonial review

Their power to make laws binding on the colonies in America was subject to international arbitration

Their power to make laws binding on the colonies in Africa was absolute

The Intolerable Acts were passed by the British parliament in response to what event?

b

The start of the American Revolution

The Boston Tea Party

The start of the War of 1812

The Stamp Act Congress of 1765

Why did the British impose the Stamp Act in 1765 and the Sugar Act in 1764?

c

To offset colonial revolutionary ambitions

To raise revenue for waging a planned war with France

To raise revenues to pay off the debts incurred in the Seven Years War

To re-distribute wealth from the home country back to the colonies

9

Between 1700 and the start of the American Revolution, what did the population of the colonies do every twenty years?

c

It tripled

It stayed approximately the same

It doubled

It decreased exponentially

Frustrations with the Confederation Congress included which of the following:

d

Inability to secure unanimous consent of the states to amend the Articles of Confederation.

Equality of votes between the large states and the small states.

Failure to resolve commercial disputes among the states.

All of the above.

Which of the following is not a “Con” position regarding those who were opposed to enacting a Bill of Rights?

c

The Constitution’s structure already protects rights.

Some rights might be left off any list.

Protecting some rights is better than none.

Powers not granted cannot be abused.

Multiple-Select Multiple Choice

True-False The intolerable acts were passed by the colonists to expose the unfairness of the British taxation system.

FALSE

The declaratory act announced the colonists’ intention to withdraw from the crown's jurisdiction.

FALSE

The greatest growth in the number of democracies has happened in the last twenty years.

TRUE

10

Rhode Island was the last state to ratify the Constitution.

The new state governments formed during the Revolution tended to empower executives and upper legislative chambers at the expense of lower legislative chambers.

TRUE FALSE

The New Jersey Plan called for a much stronger national government than did the Virginia Plan.

FALSE

During the colonial period, governors, backed by the power and majesty of the British King and Parliament, ruled the colonies with practically no limitations on their power.

FALSE

Was separation of powers present in the colonial governments on the eve of the America Revolution?

TRUE

Open How did President Obama frame the issue of racism in relation to the Constitution?

What ideas from John Locke appeared in the Declaration of Independence?

Why did the Articles of Confederation fail? Could they have succeeded with more minor modifications?

If you could have only chosen one plan, would you have preferred the New Jersey or Virginia plan? Why? Trace the key steps in the constitutional amendment process.

Would you have sided with the federalists or anti-federalists? Why?

Discuss the separation of powers and checks and balances within the framework provided by the first three articles of the US Constitution.

Discuss the debate between the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists over the ratification of the US Constitution.

Discuss the Amendment process for the Constitution as laid out in Article V. How is Article I of the Constitution unique relative to Articles II and III? Which plan ultimately served as the most influential model for the Constitution and what were some of its major features?

Discuss the Great Compromise as fully yet succinctly as possible.

11

12

Chapter 3 Test Bank in Word for 9e Single-Select Multiple Choice Question

Answer

A

B

C

D

Powers that belong to all sovereign nations, allowing their executives to take whatever measures necessary to defend a nation or protect its interests.

c

Implied Powers

Natural Rights

Inherent powers

None of the above.

U.S. v. E.C. Knight

b

Limited Presidential power over state laws.

Limited Congress's regulation of interstate commerce to the transportation of goods across state lines.

Invalidated the claim that states could withdraw from the Union.

Enforced the right of the national government to create unfunded mandates.

What did the Court declare in the case Dred Scot v. Sanford (1857)?

a

It said blacks could not become U.S. citizens

It said blacks were not residents

It said slaves were not citizens, but that freed slaves could become citizens

It said blacks were not constitutionally protected property

During the time of “Dual Federalism,” which Supreme Court Chief Justice was associated with national federalism and which with state federalism?

b

Taney with national federalism and Marshall with state federalism

Taney with state federalism and Marshall with national federalism

Rehnquist with state federalism and Warren with national federalism

None of the above

1

Does the Constitution guarantee that the federal government has positive obligations to the states?

c

No. Insofar as the federal government has positive obligations to the states, these developed over time and are not a part of the Constitution

The federal government has constitutional responsibilities toward the states, such as the Tenth Amendment’s reserved powers clause

The federal government has constitutional responsibilities toward the states, such as Article IV’s guarantee that the states’ republican governments will be protected from invasion and domestic violence

Both of the last two options

Has our system always been federally structured, and if not, what was it originally?

c

Yes

No, it was originally a unitary system

No, it was originally a confederal system

None of the above

In addition to the globalization of commerce, what are other recent developments that have pushed toward more not less national authority?

c

There are none.

Other factors are actually pushing toward more and more state autonomy

Activist Supreme Court justices who are increasingly unwilling to follow the original intent of the Founding Fathers

Global warming and international terrorism

None of the above

From the Let’s Compare section, can we infer that there is some basic pattern among federalized countries in the world today?

c

Yes, federalism is selected out of social necessity as given by the high level of ethnoreligious diversity within all countries with federal systems

No, countries with federal systems can be democratic or monarchical as well as extremely wealthy or extremely poor

No, countries with federal systems vary widely in their ethnic and religious diversity, geographical size, and population

Yes, federalism is selected for socioeconomic reasons by relatively rich countries that are large in geographic size as well as population

2

] In the decision, U.S. v. Lopez (1995) what federalism issue was at stake?

a

The ability of the Congress to regulate interstate commerce as a police power regarding handgun proximity to schools

The ability of the Congress to regulate interstate commerce as a police power regarding transport of arms across state boundaries

Did Bill Clinton continue the policies of devolution started by Reagan even though he was a Democrat?

a

Yes

No

What was one way in which Reagan “turned off the tap” regarding the growth in federal grants-in-aid and national mandates that had occurred under his immediate predecessors?

b

Increasing mandates but decreasing grantsin-aid

Cutting federal taxes Calling for states and localities to increase their tax bases

What was increased usage of categorical grants and national mandates referred to derisively as?

c

Creative federalism

Socialist federalism

3

The ability of the Congress to regulate interstate commerce as a police power regarding the imposition of national mandates on racial equality in hiring and promotion procedures within local law enforcement departments

Coercive federalism

The ability of the President to utilize executive orders to impose/enforce affirmative action dictates

Confederalism

What are block grants?

a

Federal funds made available to states and communities with wide discretion for how the money is spent in a broad substantive area of policy

The same thing as a categorical grant

Does General revenue Sharing still exist?

b

Yes

No

What is a categorical grant?

c

A program for economic development only

Federal funds made available to states and communities in which they have discretion over how the money is spent within a broad substantive area covered by the block grant

4

The same thing as general revenue sharing

Federal funds made available to states and communities with narrow discretion for how the money is spent in a limited substantive area of policy

A program for The same thing as a block providing funds to grant states and communities by the federal government for a specific purpose and usually requiring a distinct application, implementation, and reporting procedure

What was the significance of the U.S. v. EC Knight (1895) decision for the development of American federalism?

b

It expanded Congress’ ability to regulate interstate commerce by including manufacturing and production as categories covered

It limited Congress’ ability to regulate interstate commerce by excluding manufacturing and production as categories covered

It established the principle of “separate but equal” in regards to the national government’s ability to intervene in state segregation issues

It claimed that the executive could not impose command economic structures and procedures on the American national economy even in the face of a global political or economic crisis

From the Pro and Con section, what did the Articles of Confederation have to say about the locus of sovereignty?

a

Article II guaranteed state sovereignty within the confederation

Article II guaranteed national sovereignty within the federation

Article III guarantees state sovereignty within the confederation

The Articles said nothing about the issue

What is the doctrine of nullification?

a

The claim that states have the right to nullify national acts that they believe to be beyond national constitutional authority

The claim that states do not have the right to nullify national acts that they believe to be beyond national constitutional authority

The claim that local governments have the right to nullify state acts that they believe to be beyond state constitutional authority

The claim that state governments have the right to nullify local acts that they believe to be beyond the local constitutional authority

What is secession?

a

The claim that states have the right to withdraw from the Union

The claim that states can join in confederation with other countries

The claim that states can dissolve into component sub-states

Is the United States today a federal, confederal, or unitary government?

a

Federal

The claim that states do not have the right to withdraw from the Union Confederal

Unitary

None of the above

5

What were most of the empires of the ancient world and monarchies of Europe regarding the division of power between levels of government?

c

Federal

Confederal

Unitary

None of the above

What was the original meaning of the word federalism?

a

That government rested on the idea of treaty, compact, or covenant

That government rested on the notion of a division of powers between levels

That government rested on the notion of a separation of powers

All of the above

What is an example of a concurrent power?

b

To maintain local governments

To tax

To conduct war against foreign countries

Any inherent power

What device has allowed executives to take actions in the name of national interests?

c

Implied powers

Concurrent powers

Inherent powers

Expressed powers

What are the three categories of reserved powers regarding state governments?

b

Police power, fire alarm power, and ambulance power

Police power, provision of services to citizens, and the creation/control of local governments

Security, administration, and economics

All of the above

Where did the reserved powers find their constitutional mandate?

c

In the Eighth Amendment

In Article IV

In the Tenth Amendment

In Article V

6

What power was expanded by the Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) decision?

b

The power of the executive to arbitrate between labor and management disputes

The power of the Congress to regulate all stages of interstate commerce due to the notion of “continuous journey”

The power of the Supreme Court and other federal appellate courts to invoke judicial review

The power of the Congress to regulate within state commerce completely regardless of whether the commerce crosses state boundaries

What is the concurrent majority according to John Calhoun?

c

That the South should be hegemonic in American politics

That the North should be hegemonic in American politics

That regions may reject national legislation that is deemed harmful to that region

That regions may NOT reject national legislation that is deemed harmful to the region

What does extradition mean?

b

Persons accused of a crime in one state fleeing into another state shall NOT be returned to the state in which the crime was committed

Persons accused of a crime in one state fleeing into another state shall be returned to the state in which the crime was committed

Persons accused of a crime in one country fleeing into another country shall NOT be returned to the country in which the crime was committed

None of the above

Which court case dealt specifically with the guaranteeing of privileges and immunities for residents from one state by the government of another state?

a

Paul v. Virginia (1869)

Paul v. John (1969)

Joe v. Virginia (1870)

The Slaughterhouse Cases

7

Which of the following are two constitutional provisions that deal with interstate relations.

c

The Full Faith and Credit Clause and the Non-privileges and Immunities Clause

The concept of extradition and the Little Faith and Credit Clause

The Full Faith and Credit Clause and the Privileges and Immunities Clause

None of the above

Which of the following are two powers denied to the states?

b

The power to tax and the power to engage in alliances with other countries

The power to keep armies and navies and the power to make treaties

The military power and economic power

Foreign policy and domestic policy powers

Which one of the following assertions best reflects the attitudes of Presidents Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson regarding the question of how the states relate to the federal government?

c

Only the opinions of the founding generation can properly answer this question.

“Trust busting” of private sector actors through federal oversight is not a proper answer to this question.

Political and economic development force us to consider new answers to this question.

Neither president encouraged a more dynamic view of federalism.

Approximately how many governments exist within the federal system of the United States?

d

51 governments

More than 700 governments

More than 8,000 governments

More than 90,000 governments

The decision by the U.S. Supreme Court to uphold Obamacare was argued on the basis of _____.

c

states' rights only

national uniformity only

both states' rights and national uniformity

none of the above

8

Multiple-Select Multiple Choice Reserved powers are those

c, d

Those that allow sovereign states to maintain a military

The power to tax

Supported by the 10th Amendment

Those powers reserved to the states or to the people

True-False The supremacy clause declares that the national government is supreme over the state constitutions and laws within its area of legitimate authority.

TRUE

Categorical grants allow the states to spend money on any issue they categorize as a priority.

FALSE

Special revenue sharing is different from general revenue sharing in that both heavily restricted how federal funds could be spent.

FALSE

Regardless of what type of grant it is, all are referred to collectively as block grants.”

FALSE

Open Which do you think is better unitary or federal governments?

Compare and contrast implied and enumerated powers. Give an example of each.

What were the reasons behind the transition from dual to cooperative federalism?

What are the potential drawbacks of States' Rights?

What is the relationship between federal and state government expenditures across the last century?

Imagine you're a State Governor combating a budget shortfall in your state. Which type of federal grant would you prefer and why?

9

Explain the reasons behind the U.S. v. Morrison decision.

Make a case for one type of federalism over another and support your argument with evidence garnered from the text.

How have mandates and grants-in-aid been employed to push the federal government’s agenda on the states?

Contrast layer cake v. marble cake federalism.

Discuss the role played by interstate commerce regulation in national and state federalism.

What historical developments were associated with the move from a dual federal system to a cooperative one?

Do you believe that the growth in the number of governments within the federal system is directly caused by the growth in the population of the country? Defend your answer.

10

Chapter 4 Test Bank in Word for 9e Single-Select Multiple Choice Question

Answer

A

B

C

D

Variations in socialization can be caused by differences in:

d

Class

Race

Individual experience

All of the above

If you were conducting an in-depth interview with ten to fifteen people, you would be conducting:

b

A benchmark poll

A focus group

A tracking poll

An opinion survey

Americans tend to support the general principles of our political culture, therefore when asked about specific applications of those principles they tend to answer in predictable ways.

b

True

False; they often contradict their espoused general principles and they disagree about the core meaning of those principles

False; they usually cannot answer the specific questions due to their low levels of political knowledge

According to polling research, who is more sensitive to race relations issues, blacks or whites?

a

Blacks

Whites

Neither

Amongst racial and ethnic groups, who reports being discriminated against the most?

c

Hispanics

Whites

Blacks

Other

What is the relative level of political knowledge and political interest among the poor?

c

It is relatively high in comparison to higher class groups

It is about equal to higher class groups

It is relatively lower than higher class groups

None of the above

1

What is the main effect of the media on the political socialization of Americans?

c

The media tends to push the polity to the political left

The media tends to push the polity to the political right

The media tends to promote the fundamental legitimacy of democratic capitalism

Which category of groups are the most important agents of socialization?

What three characteristics do Lipset and Huntington both highlight in their accounts of the American Creed?

b

Secondary groups

Primary groups

They are both equally important

b

Liberty, fraternity, and equality

Liberty, equality, and individualism

Democracy, rule of law, and laissez-faire

Liberalism, populism, and conservatism

What did Hartz mean when he described American colonial society as a “fragment society”?

c

The English immigrants that came to America were seen to be representative of English society

The English immigrants that came to America were seen to be representative of Europeans in general

The English immigrants that came to America were not representative of Europeans or even the English themselves generally

The English immigrants that came to America were internally fragmented along racial, societal, class, and religious lines

The unifying patterns of thought and behavior that are widely held in society dealing with the relationship between people and their government are referred to as

b

Political socialization

Political culture

Political behavior

Political society

Which of the following is NOT an agent of socialization?

d

Parents

School

Work

All of the above ARE agents of socialization

2

The media tends to promote democracy and demote capitalism

What is political socialization?

d

Patterns of political thought and behavior that are widely held in a society

The tendency is recent decades for American political culture to become more accepting of socialist ideas, such as the importance of achieving equal wealth

The process by which American government has become more and more involved in nearly all aspects of American life

None of the above

What is public opinion?

c

The distribution of citizen opinion on economic issues

The distribution of citizen opinion on political issues

The distribution of citizen opinion on matters of public concern or interest

The sum attitudes found exclusively in polls

How do Greens differ from liberals?

a

They tend to place environmental and quality of life issues ahead of traditional economic ones

They do not in practice differ from liberals at all

They are basically the opposite of liberals

They are more internationalist than traditional liberals

What is political socialization’s relationship to political culture?

b

There is no such relationship

Political socialization is the process by which political culture is transmitted from those immersed in it to those not

Political socialization is the process by which children and immigrants “place their mark” upon the political culture

Political culture is the process by which political socialization is transmitted from those immersed in it to those not

What are central components of the “American Creed?”

c

Illiberalism, corporatism, and traditionalism

Capitalism, socialism, and culturalism

Liberty, equality, and individualism

Life, death, and taxes

3

What differentiates primary from secondary groups relative to their respective roles as “agents of political socialization?”

a

The constancy of interaction is the main differentiating point between the two groups

There are no discernible differences between the two groups

The organization of the two groups is different with one being more hierarchical than the other

The leadership of the two groups is what differentiates them, with one being more centralized than the other

Which of the following was a transformative event that had a socialization effect on the politics of the generation that lived through it?

d

11-Sep

The Great Depression

The Civil War

All of the above

What is the most important and influential agent of political socialization?

c

Work

School

Family

Peers

When did scientific polling begin, at least as a device for predicting presidential elections?

c

1920

1916

1936

None of the above

What kind of poll is utilized to gauge the electoral prospects of a potential candidate for political office?

a

A benchmark poll

An exit poll

A focus group

A tracking poll

Which of the following is a sensible rule of thumb to use when deciding whether or not to trust a poll?

b

Good polls come from those actors actively involved in the issue or event about which respondents are being polled

Good polls come from those organizations that have reputational incentives to be accurate

There are no good polls; avoid relying on any of them

Good polls are the ones that tell you what you want to hear

4

What is an opinion survey?

a

A poll used to gauge opinion on certain issues

A poll used exclusively to market products

A poll used exclusively to assist a political campaign

All of the above

From the Let’s Compare section, what is the gender gap?

c

The lack of a difference between men and women regarding the political attitudes that they hold

The presence of a difference among men and women regarding the political attitudes that they hold

The presence of a difference between men and women regarding the political attitudes that they hold

The presence of difference among men but not among women as to the political attitudes that they hold

What is political ideology?

a

An organized and coherent set of ideas that forms a perspective on the political world and how it works

The same thing as a religion

The same thing as a philosophy

An organized and coherent set of ideas that forms a perspective on the politics of culture and how they work

In what way, if at all, do populists and liberals agree? How do they disagree?

c

Populists share the social values of liberals but disagree with them on economic issues

Populism as an ideology is just another word for liberalism

Populists share the economic values of liberals but not their social values

Populism is just another term for conservatism so it has no relation to liberalism

5

Where do conservatives stand on the issue of the size of government?

c

They do not have an opinion

They favor a large government that actively promotes a thriving capitalist economy

They favor a small, limited government, but, unlike libertarians, they believe government should seek to foster religion, morality, the family, and law and order as the bases of social order

None of the above

Which of the following is a common characteristic of polls released by many political campaigns?

d

They are often intended to serve political purposes.

They are often intended to suggest political momentum.

They are often intended to trigger positive news stories.

All of the above.

Which one of the following is a statement of the classic paradox in American public opinion?

b

Most Americans want higher taxes and they want government to spend less.

Most Americans want lower taxes and they want government to spend more.

Most Americans want higher taxes and they want government to spend more.

Most Americans want lower taxes and they want government to spend less.

A recent survey of American voter ideological preferences found that ^___^.

c

more voters identified as liberal than conservative

more voters identified as moderate than liberal

more voters identified as conservative than liberal

more voters identified as moderate than conservative

Multiple-Select Multiple Choice

6

Political culture includes:

a, d

Common attitudes toward authority

Common attitudes about gender

Common attitudes about race

Common beliefs about political opportunity

Opinion polls are often used by:

b, c

Congress

Political campaigns

Civic organizations

Welfare programs

True-False Political socialization stops when a person becomes an adult.

Public opinion is, collectively, the result of political socialization.

Knowing a person's demographic background accurately predicts their political behavior.

FALSE TRUE FALSE

According to public opinion researchers, do Americans have a detailed level of political knowledge?

FALSE

Generally, blacks and women take more conservative stances than whites and men.

FALSE

Colonial America was heavily influenced by select groups of Protestants like Puritans and Quakers who generally advocated for local over state control.

TRUE

Is a benchmark poll the same thing as a preference poll?

Although whites and blacks often disagree over civil rights issues, they tend to agree about foreign policy issues.

FALSE FALSE

Since we have a unifying political culture, can we suggest that public opinion is basically stable in America?

FALSE

A recent General Social Survey found that 70 percent of whites, but only 42 percent of blacks, said they could imagine a situation in which they could approve police striking an adult male.

TRUE

7

Open Why is understanding political socialization important for learning about public opinion?

Which agents of socialization are most influential and why?

Compare and contrast the influence of families and workplaces on political attitudes and behavior.

What are the advantages of scientific polling?

What would most Americans think about the government doing more to create gender equality?

If you're a pollster in the first month of an election season, what kind of poll would you want to use?

As completely yet succinctly as possible discuss political socialization.

Differentiate Greens from liberals and conservatives.

Discuss your personal ideology or lack thereof, being sure to include evidence for the basis of your argument from the text.

Discuss the American Creed as the American political culture.

What is a poll and how is it used in American public opinion?

8

Chapter 5 Test Bank in Word for 9e Single-Select Multiple Choice Question

Answer

A

B

C

D

Originally an English legal principle, influential in America that allowed for the punishment of criticism that reduced the prestige of government officials.

b

Slander

Seditious libel

Franking

Muckraking

Journalists and private citizens can request an accurate count of the number of private prisons contracts operating in the United States using the:

c

Communications Act of 1934

Hayes Act

Freedom of Information Act

Title IX provisions

Was the partisan press of the early U.S. republic an objective, unbiased analyzer of the relevant news of the day?

b

Yes

No

What was the relationship between the partisan and the penny presses?

c

There was no relationship: they existed in different time periods

There was a relationship in that they were the same thing

There was a relationship in that the penny press grew up alongside and eventually mixed with the partisan press

None of the above

1

Which of the following was a distinctive aspect of political media during the Progressive era of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?

a

Muckraker journalism

The partisan presses

Objective journalism and the quest for professionalism

None of the above

Why did the inverted pyramid model for news story organization become the rule of the day for journalism?

b

It did not become the rule of the day for journalism

It was a part of the quest for journalistic professionalism during the first third of the twentieth century

It was a part of the quest for journalistic professionalism associated with the last third of the twentieth century

There is no such thing as an inverted pyramid model for news story organization

Which was the first major technological development in the rise of the electronic media?

c

The internet

TV

Radio

Palm pilots

Do most Americans pay close attention to the political information presented by newspapers, the evening news, and the Sunday morning talk shows?

Talk radio is dominated by which ideological persuasion?

b

Yes

No

d

Populists

Libertarians

Liberals

Conservatives

Generally speaking, has American newspaper readership been increasing or decreasing in recent years?

b

Increasing

Decreasing

It has stayed about the same

We do not know

2

From the Let’s Compare section, what system of radio/television media ownership and control is used by most countries?

b

Most have stateowned and privately controlled radio/television media

Most have stateowned and state controlled radio/television media

Most have privately owned radio/television media that is heavily regulated by the state

Most have privately owned radio/television media with little state regulation

From the Pro and Con section, does the media have a liberal bias?

d

According to some it does but not to others, who claim it has a conservative bias

According to some it does but not to others, who claim it exhibits a profit bias

According to some it does but not to others, who claim it is organized in such a way as to be very cautious and predictable in how it gathers and disseminates the news, thus muting any actual ideological bias

All of the above

What is meant by an “educational effect” of the media?

a

The media educates the public about issues in politics

The media educates children about issues in politics

The media educates foreigners about American political issues

The media provides no useful tool for education whatsoever

Are the agenda-setting effect and the framing effect the same thing?

b

Yes

No, agenda-setting is broader in its effect on the public than framing, which tends to be more issue specific

No, framing is broader in its effect on the public than agendasetting, which tends to be more issue specific

None of the above

3

What did the Freedom of Information Act of 1966 establish?

b

It prohibits any government agency, public official, or private corporation (with more than 100 employees) from restricting access to information of public importance

It requires the government to provide citizens with most kinds of information in its possession

It requires news agencies to give up their sources to the government in cases dealing with national security

It eliminates “prior restraint” rules entirely from state-media relations

What did the Communication Act of 1934 establish?

a

It established the Federal Communications Commission

It established the Radio Broadcasters Commission

It established the Brownlow Commission

It established the National Broadcasting Corporation

What was the first all-news cable television channel?

c

Fox News

MSNBC

CNN

CBS

What did the law of “seditious libel” prohibit and why?

c

It prohibited criticism of the press by the government because of the “freedom of the press” clause in the 1st Amendment

It prohibited criticism of the public by the press on the grounds that in a system of popular sovereignty, the doctrine of sovereign immunity required public protection from criticism

In order to uphold the authority of government, it prohibited criticism of government officials and policy if such criticism was thought to reduce the prestige and influence of government

In order to protect their privacy, it prohibited criticism of celebrities

4

What was the muckraker tradition?

c

Conservative journalism in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries that was blatantly anti-labor

Liberal journalism in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries that was openly anti-business

Progressive journalism of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries that was dedicated to uncovering political and corporate corruption

Socialistic journalism of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries that was dedicated to uncovering the exploitation of the proletariat by the bourgeoisie

Which of these statements most accurately defines episodic framing?

a

Presenting an issue in a manner that emphasizes individual events in isolation instead of how they relate and connect to other issues and broader forces

The manner in which media coverage of an issue can affect the public’s interest in that issue

The attempt by the media to blame powerful groups or individuals for the problems faced by the poor or vulnerable

None of the above

What is denoted by the phrase “partisan press”?

d

The type of professionalized news industry that Adolph Ochs sought to create in the years between World War I and World War II

The partisan and/or ideological bias seen throughout the mainstream media

The partisan and/or ideological bias of particular news outlets, such as Fox News (conservative/Republi can) and MSNBC (liberal/Democrat)

None of the above

5

What is the FCC?

c

The Federal Credit Commission, which is a federal agency charged with protecting the good credit of the United States as both a lender and borrower

The Federal Committee on Consumer protection, which is a federal agency that handles all types of consumer safety and protection issues, including those pertaining to media broadcasting

The Federal Communications Commission, which is a federal agency charged with regulating the media in the public interest

None of the above

Who competed with William Randolph Hearst for the distinction of being the preeminent newspaper man during the muckraking era of journalism?

a

Joseph Pulitzer

Walter Cronkite

Edward R. Murrow

All of the above

Who was most identified with the movement toward professionalization within the news media, and with what news organization was he associated?

c

Joseph Pulitzer and the New York Gazette

William Randolph Hearst and the New York World

Adolph Ochs and the New York Times

Bob Woodruff and the Washington Post

How does the inverted pyramid help to convey news in a “professional objective manner?”

c

It doesn’t: it is a device for sensationalistic reporting

It doesn’t: it has nothing to do with journalistic writing

It places the most important facts at the beginning of the article and presents the supporting evidence later in the article

It places the least important facts up front in the lead paragraph and builds upon them with more important evidence as the story develops

6

Did the three major networks start out as television stations or as something else?

c

They have always been associated with TV

They all started as newspaper companies

They all began as radio broadcast companies

They all began as internet providers

Which of these statements is an accurate depiction of the relative emphasis placed by the media on different levels or branches of government?

a

The national government is emphasized more than lower levels of government and other countries’ governments

The state and local governments are emphasized at the expense of in-depth coverage relating to the national government

Congress is covered more extensively than the presidency or the Supreme Court

The first and last of the above the options

Does the media focus on public policy issues in its coverage of elections, candidates and campaigns?

b

Yes, of course it does; that is part of objective journalism

No, the media emphasizes the “horse-race” and candidates’ character

What is the impact of the media’s excessive attention on the presidency?

b

It creates a great opportunity for the President to propagandize his program across the country

It creates a great constraint in that more and more attention is paid to presidential losses as time goes by

Both of the above

None of the above

What is the impact of the media’s attention on the Congress?

a

It tends to support the notion that the Congress is a failed institution

It tends to support the notion that the Congress is a policy making, effective institution

It tends to have a neutral impact on popular opinion regarding the Congress

All of the above

Is infotainment seen as a bad thing by media analysts?

b

No, because it is still based on hard over soft news

Yes, because it is based on soft over hard news

7

What are two reasons given for why Americans distrust politics?

c

Positive portrayals of politicians juxtaposed against simplistic coverage of complex issues

Negative portrayals of politicians juxtaposed against complex presentation of issues

Negative portrayals of politicians with simplistic coverage of complex issues

Positive portrayals of politicians that nobody believes and complex coverage of the issues that nobody cares about

Is media ownership today conglomerated or diffuse?

b

Diffuse

Conglomerated

What is the outcome of modern journalism’s effort to identity the better argument while not appearing ideologically biased or partisan?

b

It is an easy task and always accomplished.

It is a difficult task and seldom accomplished.

The new media, such as the Internet and the web, are powerfully _____.

d

authoritarian

closed-minded

selective

democratic

Which one of the following is not true regarding modern political campaigns?

c

A successful attack on an opponent’s character could end his or her campaign.

No negative attack should go unanswered.

It is easy for campaign winners to reach out to the losers when the campaign is over.

The candidate must hit back quickly and hard when attacked.

Among a number of similar organizations, WikiLeaks has engaged in which one of the following controversial activities?

b

Implemented public domain software to provide questionable information content to compete with Wikipedia

Publicly dumped data of secret diplomatic cables to reveal actions taken

by State Department officials

Dumped chemicals into streams near leaking industrial plants to accuse them of illegal pollution practices

Engaged in illegal predatory lending practices, including concealing the costs of financial transactions from federal auditors

8

As a result of the tragic shootings at an Orlando gay nightclub, how did Democratic members of the U.S. House of Representatives use new social media?

c

They used Facebook and personal email to call for political groups to organize anti-terrorism demonstrations in Washington, D.C.

They used Snapchat and Instagram to reveal accounts and post photos of the first responders to the scene of the crime.

They used Twitter and Periscope when House cameras were turned off by Republicans who refused to debate gun control measures.

They used smart phones and special apps to call for immediate security measures to be taken in the House and Senate in anticipation of more violence.

Multiple-Select Multiple Choice

True-False National newspapers in the United States are all partisan presses.

American media outlets are owned by a few corporations.

Horse-race journalism focuses on competition to pass economic policy initiatives.

FALSE TRUE FALSE

True or False? Money has always mattered in American politics but is it safe to say that it matters less today because of the democratization of the electoral process.

FALSE

9

Open How might the change in media outlet ownership in the second half of the twentieth century and first decades of the twenty-first century impact American's access to information?

Compare and contrast public and private media control.

What was the purpose of the Communications Act of 1934?

In what ways do you think the FCC could be more effective? Offer concrete examples to support your argument.

Compare and contrast the Agenda-setting and framing effects.

How might the different styles of covering the President and Congress impact voter perception of these two institutions?

Using supporting material from the text, is new media (i.e., the internet, talk radio, cable/satellite news) superior to old media (i.e., newspapers, radio, broadcast television news) as a means for disseminating unbiased information regarding politics?

How does the media cover electoral politics?

Using supporting material from the text, what is the public responsibility of the media in American politics?

Discuss the historical development of the media through its three basic phases.

Using the text to support your answer, what role should the government have in regulating the media?

Discuss some of the effects the media has on popular opinion about American politics.

What are the arguments revolving around bias in the media?

Discuss the ethical challenges to society that accompany the proliferation of mobile devices and interactive social media.

Discuss the political challenges to a democratic society from the controversial public airing of secret government decisions and business financial transactions by Julian Assange, Edward Snowden, and other activists.

10

Chapter 6 Test Bank in Word for 9e Single-Select Multiple Choice Question

Answer

A

B

C

D

The number of these type of associations has declined significantly since 1959:

b

Legal

Trade

Social Welfare

Ethnic

Peak Associations represent which of the following:

c

Lawyers

School Teachers

The Business Community

Laborers

Lobbyists pursuing an inside strategy often focus their attention on:

d

The Press

Their association members

Calling donors

Congressional committees

Outside strategies often focus on:

a

Media advertising

Private meetings with Congresspersons

Congressional committees

Forming relationships with Congressional staff

What are interest groups?

b

Organizations based on conflicting interests that attempt to influence society and government

Organizations based on shared interests that attempt to influence society and government

The same thing as social movements

Organizations based on shared interests that attempt to control society and government

Which view of interest groups has a relatively positive interpretation of interest groups’ role within society?

a

Pluralism

Elitism

Neither

1

James Madison assumed that human being are naturally motivated by

d

Altruism

A desire to be guided by the “general will”

A desire to be guided by the “special will”

Self-interest

What were two reasons for the expansion of interest groups just prior to and in the decades following the Civil War? What was the first phase associated with the rise of the modern group system?

c

Ruralization and agriculturalization

Societalization and culturalization

Urbanization and industrialization

All of the above

d

The Great Society

The Civil War

Industrialization

The Progressive and New Deal eras

Which of these statements most accurately reports the composition of the interest group system?

b

25 percent of the group system reflects occupational interests, while 75 percent is comprised of citizen or membership groups

75 percent of the group system reflects occupational interests, while 25 percent is comprised of citizen or membership groups

50 percent of the group system reflects occupational interests and 50 percent is comprised of citizen or membership groups

None of the above is remotely accurate

Which interests do peak associations principally represent?

d

Labor

Agricultural

Cultural

Business

From the Let’s Compare section, is the labor movement on the march globally?

c

Yes. With a few exceptions (e.g. the United States), labor unions have been expanding across industrialized countries in the last few decades

No. Labor unions have been shrinking across all industrialized countries in the last few decades

No. Labor unions have been shrinking across most industrialized countries in the last few decades

None of the above

2

Which of these is a set of resources upon which interest groups draw?

d

Size, intensity, and expertise of membership

Financial, organization, and leadership qualities

Strategic alliances, expertise of members, and quality of organization

All of the above

Which of the following is a strategy interest groups pursue when inside lobbying does not work?

c

Outside lobbying

Litigation

Both of the above

None of the above

Which perspective on the role of interest groups in American democracy holds that the wealthiest Americans play a dominant role in the political system?

b

Pluralism

Elitism

Both of the above

None of the above

Common Cause is an example of what kind of interest group?

b

Business and Occupational

Public Interest

Social Equity

None of the above

How does Ronald Hrebenar define a public interest group?

c

A group that represents the interests of government, including employees who work in the public sector

An interest group that operates openly and transparently

A group that pursues goods that cannot be made available to some without generally being made available to all

None of the above

What does it mean to say an interest group pursues an “inside strategy”?

c

It seeks to influence public officials by bribing them

It seeks to capture a political party and transform it from the inside

It seeks to directly contact public officials (or their staff) in order to shape their view of issues

All of the above

3

What does it mean to say an interest group pursues an “outside strategy”?

c

It seeks to influence public officials through open, transparent, and ethical methods

It seeks to change the behavior of one or more political parties from the outside, mostly by helping to finance campaigns

It seeks to inform and shape public opinion as an indirect way of influencing policymakers

All of the above

What type of campaign fundraising did McCain-Feingold limit?

b

Hard money

Soft money

In-between money

Nothing: it extended new categories of unregulated campaign money

What type of interest group is the AFL-CIO?

a

Labor Union

Trade Association

Peak Association

None of the above

Define pluralism.

b

The same as elitism

The belief that the interest group structure of American politics produces a reasonable policy balance

The belief that the interest group structure of American politics is skewed toward the interest of the wealthy

The belief that the social movement structure of American politics is skewed toward the interest of the wealthy

What is the name for the interest group strategy that involves bringing a case to court for the purpose of demanding a beneficial policy change or avoiding an adverse change?

a

Litigating

Lobbying

Lawyering

Libeling

Among interest groups, who dominates most of the time: insiders or outsiders?

a

Insiders

Outsiders

Neither

4

Do all interest groups form and operate on an equal basis in the American system?

b

Yes. If any group in society finds their interests adversely effected by social change and/or economic development, then they can easily organize to protect and advance their interests

No. Some groups (e.g. businesses, corporations, and professionals) are better able to organize and fight for their interests than others (e.g. the poor, the disabled, children, and the mentally challenged)

There are five major periods of interest group formation in American political history. With what was the first one associated?

b

Urbanization in the 1880s and early 1890s

Industrialization just prior to the Civil War

Labor unrest in the Progressive and New Deal Eras

The expansion of public interest groups in the 1960s and 1970s

What did Charles Lindblom mean by the phrase “the privileged position of business”?

d

Businesspersons often serve in prominent positions in government

Government policy is carefully designed to stimulate business and employment

Throughout American history, government and business have worked closely together to foster economic growth and increase profits

All of the above

Which labor groups organized first during the Progressive Era to agitate on behalf of their interests?

c

The trade association professionals like teachers

Unskilled workers like laborers

Skilled workers like craftsmen

No labor groups organized during the Progressive Era

5

Technological developments aside, what other major factor contributed to the expansion of the interest group system during the twentieth century?

a

The ever increasing size and scope of government

The ever decreasing size and scope of government

The ebb and flow as to None of the above the relative size and scope of government

From the Pro and Con section, what is soft money?

c

Regulated campaign funds

Laundered money in politics

Unregulated campaign There is no such thing as funds soft money

Which of the following is NOT a previous occupation of many lobbyists?

d

Military

Congress member

Bureaucrat

All of the above are common previous occupations of lobbyists

As a peak association, the national Chamber of Commerce lobbies members of Congress because of its belief that ^___^.

a

government programs and regulations threaten many business interests

government programs and regulations threaten many environmental interests

government programs and regulations threaten many ethnic interests

government programs and regulations threaten many gender interests

In the ‘Pro & Con’ section, we learn that ^___^.”

c

most Democrats support the Affordable Care Act, while Republicans remain ambivalent and most independents continue to oppose it.

most independents support the Affordable Care Act, while Democrats remain ambivalent and most Republicans continue to oppose it.

most Democrats support the Affordable Care Act, while independents remain ambivalent and most Republicans continue to oppose it.

most Republicans support the Affordable Care Act, while Democrats remain ambivalent and most independents continue to oppose it.

6

Which one of the following statements is true regarding the U.S. Supreme Court’s decision on the Affordable Care Act in 2012?

d

The Supreme Court declared the act unconstitutional, thereby preventing the states from expanding their Medicaid programs.

The Supreme Court declared the act constitutional and thus required the states to expand their Medicaid programs.

The Supreme Court declared the act unconstitutional, thereby freeing the states to expand their Medicaid programs.

The Supreme Court declared the act constitutional, but also allowed the states to be free from participating in expansion of their Medicaid programs.

To have full effect to influence the direction of public policymaking, an interest group must meet at least which of the following conditions?

d

broad coverage of the population of those affected by its interests

cohesion among the group's members regarding policy recommendations

significant financial resources forthcoming from the group membership

all of the above

Multiple-Select Multiple Choice

True-False Offering information about bills and issues that Congresspersons have little time to research is one of the main tools of influence for interest groups.

TRUE

Interest groups are unable to influence candidate selection within political parties.

FALSE

An organization based on common interests and with the intent to influence government is an interest group.

TRUE

7

True or False? Litigation is often a primary strategy employed by interest groups; they use other strategies only if litigation fails.

FALSE

The Business Roundtable is an interest group that represents the interests of small business in America.

FALSE

True or False? The AFL-CIO was originally founded in 1955 as a merger between two groups: the American Future Legion (AFL) and the Coalition for Improving Opportunities (CIO).

FALSE

True or False? Occasioned by the political battle over President Obama’s healthcare reform initiative, drug companies spent more on lobbying in 2009 than any industry had ever spent on lobbying in a single year.

TRUE

In the early years of the nation’s capital at Washington, D.C., resident lobbyists were a common feature in politics.

FALSE

American labor is far less organized than is labor in most other advanced industrial countries in the world.

TRUE

Open Contrast peak and trade associations.

What role did labor play in the second stage of interest group development here in the United States?

Is our interest group system structured in such a way that we can suggest that it is elitist or pluralist in orientation?

Does business really dominate our interest group system?

What assumptions did James Madison make when he hoped that American national politics would be freed from narrow interest group struggles, thus allowing government officials to debate, bargain, and compromise with each other in a search for the common good? What changes to American circumstance have undermined these assumptions? Discuss this in reference to the five major periods of interest group formation in American history.

Discuss some of the reasons why American labor is not as well organized as labor in other advanced industrial countries.

8

In 2014, the pharmaceutical and health products lobby had more than 1,300 registered lobbyists in Washington, D.C., and spent $229 million on lobbying Congress. Is an interest group lobby of this magnitude likely to have a beneficial or a detrimental impact on public policymaking?

Defend your answer.

9

Chapter 7 Test Bank in Word for 9e Single-Select Multiple Choice Question

Answer

A

B

C

D

The emotional and intellectual commitment to one party is called:

b

party loyalty

party identification

party discipline

partisanship

National Party Organizations do the following:

c

Discipline elected officials who deviate from the party platform

Regulate voters at the polls

Provide services for their incumbent members

All of the above

A legal way to remove sitting officeholders before the end of her or his term.

d

initiative

primary

referendum

recall

How many party periods have there been in American political history?

c

Five

Six

Seven

Eight

During the pre-party period, who was the leader of the strong national government faction within Washington’s Cabinet?

d

Washington himself

Secretary of War Henry Knox

Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson

Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton

Which party controlled the Congress after the 2006 mid-term elections?

b

Whigs

Democrats

DemocraticRepublicans

Republicans

What were the parties involved in the period of American party history that fell between 1828 and 1856?

a

The Jacksonian Democrats versus the Whigs

The Federalists versus the Jeffersonian Republicans

The Democrats versus the Republicans

The DemocraticRepublicans versus the National Republicans

1

What characterizes the party period that we currently live in?

What did the Civil War System have in common with the period of divided government?

b

Unified Government Both were times of rough party parity

Divided Government Both were times of persistent divided government

Split Control Government Both were times of civil insurrection

None of the above

Historically, conflict between the American major political parties has followed what pattern?

b

15-20 years of oneparty dominance followed by 15 years of party competition

15 years of oneparty dominance followed by 15-20 years of party competition

10 years of one-party dominance followed by 10 years of party competition

There was no sustained pattern involving the level of conflict between the two major parties

What is a political party?

d

An organization designed to influence government

A larger version of a public interest group

An organization designed to elect government officeholders under different labels

An organization designed to elect government officeholders under a given label

How was the presidential election of 1824 decided?

b

By the Senate

By the House of Representatives

By the Electoral College

By the popular vote

What did the two party periods falling between 1800 and 1856 have in common with respect to the character of their inter-party conflict?

c

Rough party parity

Intense party competition throughout

The ongoing struggle of limited versus big government

One-party dominance throughout

Define the concept party-in-theelectorate.

a

The voters who identify with a political party

The permanent structure of party offices and officials

The officeholders who ran under or have been associated with a party label

All of the above

a

2

The periods had nothing in common

Define the concept party-inorganization.

b

The voters who identify with a political party

The permanent structure of party offices and officials

The officeholders who ran under or have been associated with a party label

All of the above

Define the concept party-ingovernment.

c

The voters who identify with a political party

The permanent structure of party offices and officials

The officeholders who ran under or have been associated with a party label

All of the above

What is party identification?

d

The intellectual commitment of a voter to his or her preferred party

Another name for the concept of “ideology”

The emotional commitment of a voter to his or her preferred party

A&C

What is presidential success as reported by Congressional Quarterly?

b

CQ does not report presidential success

The proportion of votes in Congress, on legislative proposals on which the President took a clear position, which were in support of the president’s position

The proportion of executive orders upheld through congressional legislation

The proportion of vetoes sustained within the Congress

3

According to the Let’s Compare section, what is Duverger’s Law?

c

Another name for “first-past-the post”

Another name for “single member district plurality”

Do we in America have a first-pastthe post electoral system?

a

Yes

No

What type of party is the Green Party?

b

It is a major party

It is a minor party

About what percentage of the electorate in 2004—the year that President Bush was elected to his second term—considered themselves to be or behaved as Republicans?

a

41 percent

49 percent

Which groups in the electorate supported Obama over McCain at higher levels in the 2008 presidential election?

a

Men, conservatives, whites, higher income, and older people

Women, liberals, blacks, lower income, and younger people

Do Americans exhibit high levels of partisanship?

a

Yes, but most are in fact weak or independent leaning partisans

No, party identification is relatively low in America

4

Electoral rules have a significant influence on party systems. For example, proportional representation rules tend to encourage multiparty systems

Electoral rules have a significant influence on party systems. For example, proportional representation rules tend to encourage two-party systems

It cannot be classified under standard categories

Yes, most Americans are strong partisans and behave accordingly

No, low voter turnout keeps partisanship down in America

What has been the historical role of minor parties in America?

c

To replace one of the two major parties, usually after they field a candidate who successfully wins a presidential election

Normally they attempt and succeed in raising issues associated with the major parties

Normally they attempt but fail in raising issues ignored by the major parties

Minor parties have no impact whatsoever

In addition to the electoral system, what are two other constraints placed on minority parties seeking to win elections in America?

d

State electoral rules and inequitable access to campaign funds

Federal electoral rules and inequitable access to campaign funds

Presidential debate restrictions and major party absorption of minor party issues

All of the above

What is the role of the congressional party that does not control the presidency?

a

To serve as the loyal opposition by offering dissent when in the congressional minority and alternative governance when in the congressional majority

To serve as the loyal opposition by offering alternative governance when in the congressional minority and dissent when in the congressional majority

To try to impose gridlock on the governmental system

To try to work with the President in a completely cohesive fashion by following his lead

Within party organizations, where has organizational power flowed from and to over its historical development?

c

From the national level to the state level

From the state level to the national level

From the local level to the national level

From the local level to the state level

5

Which of these statements most accurately describes the party identification of black Americans?

c

Since the Civil War, blacks have been strongly committed to the Democratic Party

Although they used to be Whigs, blacks today tend to strongly support the Republican Party

Although they were strongly committed to the Republican Party for about 100 years after the Civil War, they have been strongly committed to the Democratic Party at least since the 1960s

Today, black Americans are not strongly committed to either party

Which party was associated with Henry Clay’s “American System”?

a

Whigs

Democrats

Republicans

Federalists

Which party emphasized the importance of a limited government?

c

Jeffersonian Republicans

Jacksonian Democrats

Both of the above

None of the above

What is the difference between an initiative and a referendum?

d

With an initiative, the people get to vote directly on a question of public policy, whereas with a referendum, the people are only allowed to elect a representative who will vote on (“refer to”) a question on their behalf.

An initiative is an election for selecting (“initiating”) a candidate who will represent a party in the general election, whereas a referendum is a vote by the people on a question of public policy.

(Initiatives strengthen parties while referenda weaken parties.)

In both initiatives and referenda, the people vote directly on a question of public policy placed on a ballot. The difference is that, in initiatives, government places (“initiates”) the question on the ballot, whereas in referenda, the people themselves control what goes on the ballot.

In both initiatives and referenda, the people vote directly on a question of public policy placed on a ballot. The difference is that, in referenda, government places the question on the ballot, whereas in initiatives, the people themselves control (“initiate”) what goes on the ballot.

6

Alexander Hamilton disagreed with which one of the following declarations?

a

The voice of the people has been said to be the voice of God.

The voice of the people has been said to be the voice of the Constitution.

The voice of the people has been said to be the voice of the Revolution.

The voice of the people has been said to be the voice of government.

In 2012, Barack Obama won reelection to the presidency, while the Republicans ___.

a

added majority control of the Senate to their control of the House

added majority control of the House to their control of the Senate

lost majority control of the House although maintained control of the Senate

lost majority control of the Senate although maintained control of the House

In the 2016 presidential election, approximately how many minor party candidates ran for president?

d

Only two minor candidates

Only half a dozen minor candidates

Only ten minor candidates

More than a dozen minor candidates

Multiple-Select Multiple Choice

True-False Candidate personalities and capital has overtaken the importance of party mobilization.

TRUE

Party Identification is no longer a significant factor in American voter behavior.

FALSE

Minor parties are frequently successful in placing their candidates in Senate offices.

FALSE

Open party primaries allow members of either party to vote for that party's general election candidate.

TRUE

7

The United States has the highest proportion of women represented in their national congress.

FALSE

Countries with more major parties tend to have a higher percentage of female representation.

TRUE

Independent identification amidst the electorate is higher today than in the 1950s and 1960s.

TRUE

A minor party is the name given to the party that currently lacks a majority in government.

FALSE

A party primary is an election in which voters identified with a political party select the candidates who will stand for election under the party label in a subsequent general election.

TRUE

In 2010, the Democrats in Congress passed a major health care bill, which had been a priority of theirs since the 1930s.

TRUE

Open What reasons might African Americans have to vote for the democratic party?

Compare and contrast the role of minor and major political parties.

What are the major barriers to minor party electoral success?

What are the potential benefits of open party primaries?

8

Discuss the evolution of the political parties from the Civil War System to the New Deal Realignment in 1932. {Answer: There were two party periods during this time. The first occurred as a result of and was generally defined by the direct and indirect impacts of the Civil War. The Civil War system was a time of rough party parity at least after Reconstruction ended in 1877, with very high voter turnout and the start of a regionalization of politics. The second period saw a completion of that regionalization as a Democratic South was juxtaposed against a nationally dominant but regionally northern Republican Party. The party machines were fully oiled through patronage and Boss-led apparatuses, but the Progressive Movement’s reforms including primaries, initiatives, referendums, and even recalls began to democratize governance in this country. The Democrats had a brief return to power in the 1910s due largely to the Republicans internal split between their conservative and progressive wings, but business as usual returned with Republican ascendancy in the 1920s. All this came to an end with the ravages of the Great Depression and the arrival of Democratic dominance under FDR’s New Deal in the 1930s.}

Discuss the relationship between the party-in-government, party-in-organization, and party-in-the-electorate in as nuanced a manner as possible supporting your contentions with evidence drawn from the text.

How strong is partisanship in this country? Be sure to employ evidence from the text in your answer.

As completely but succinctly as you can discuss the New Deal (party) System.

Think about the party period we are currently in and compare it with a previous period.

What was the “System of ’96?”

Contrast the party coalitions of interest involved during the period 1828-56.

In the 2000 presidential election, discuss how it was possible for Al Gore to win the popular vote and yet still lose to George Bush. Do you believe this outcome is fair? Why or why not?

9

Chapter 8 Test Bank in Word for 9e Single-Select Multiple Choice Question

Answer

A

B

C

D

Republicans often seen as better on issues like ^___^.

a

crime

employment issues

social welfare

none of the above

The strongest influence on individual political behavior is ^___^.

d

party platform

candidate positions

perceptions of the candidate's character

party identification

Suffrage refers to ^___^.

a

The right to vote

Voter turnout levels

The rights of the accused

All of the above

What do the patterns relative to voter turnout indicate?

a

Voter turnout has declined since the nineteenth century

Voter turnout has increased since the nineteenth century

Voter turnout has remained about the same from 1824 to present

Voter turnout is not exhibited systematically in patterns

Voter turnout is measured as what?

b

The percentage of voting age population that does not vote

The percentage of voting age population that does vote

The percentage voting age population that is registered to vote

None of the above

What did the second major expansion of the franchise entail and when did it happen?

d

Universal white male suffrage during the Jacksonian Democracy of the 1830s

The 19th Amendment’s expansion of suffrage to women in 1920

The 26th Amendment’s expansion of the electorate to young people in 1971

The 15th Amendments expansion of the franchise to black men in 1870

1

In both the North and the South during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries voter turnout declined partially as a result of the imposition by liberals of institutional barriers to disenfranchise certain groups by race, class, or immigrant status from voting.

c

The above statement is true

The above statement is false; progressives were the ones who disenfranchised elements of the electorate

The above statement is false; conservatives were the ones who disenfranchised elements of the electorate

What is one method that has been employed to increase voter registration and turnout in American elections?

d

Increasing levels of average education

Previous existing Both of the last two obstacles to options registration and voting have been gradually removed over time

According to the Let’s Compare section, is compulsory voting and automatic registration a part of the United States’ voting system?

b

There have been no such efforts since Americans have higher voter turnout rates than any other democracy in the world Yes

Do countries with either automatic registration systems or compulsory voting systems have higher or lower voter turnout than countries without these?

a

Higher

Lower

No

2

There are no discernible differences

The above statement is false; conservatives in the South and liberals in North were the ones who disenfranchised elements of the electorate

What is voter registration?

b

The process by which members of the non-voting age population sign up to establish their right to vote

The process by which members of the voting age population sign up to establish their right to vote

The process by which voters are disaggregated according to how they voted in the last election

The process by which members of Congress sign up to record their votes on pieces of legislation

What is SES?

a

A composite measure of education, income, and occupational status

A composite measure of society, economy, and structure

A technique for increasing the number of registered voters in the electorate

Nothing

What are “persuadable” voters and are they on the rise or decline within the electorate?

b

Voters open to voting for another party’s candidate or an independent—they are on the rise within the electorate

Voters open to voting for another party’s candidate or an independent— they are on the decline within the electorate

Voters not open to voting for another party’s candidate or an independent—they are on the rise within the electorate

Voters not open to voting for another party’s candidate or an independent—they are on the decline within the electorate

What is an incumbent?

c

The same thing as a A former public challenger office holder seeking to be elected again

A current public office holder seeking reelection

None of the above

What is the phenomenon referred to as polarization?

a

Increasing partisanship combined with greater levels of ideology

Increasing partisanship combined with lessening levels of ideology

Decreasing partisanship combined with greater levels of ideology

Decreasing partisanship combined with lesser levels of ideology

3

Define micro targeting.

b

Determining what issues, themes, and arguments are likely to turn away certain groups of voters from the other candidate

Determining what issues, themes, and arguments are likely to move certain narrowly delineated groups of voters to support a candidate

Emphasizing local conditions as a means to draw popular support for a candidate

Emphasizing state/regional issues as a means to draw popular support for a candidate

Are primaries and caucuses used for the same party candidate selection purpose?

a

Yes, they are both party candidate nominating devices for political offices

No, they have nothing to do with party candidate selection

Yes, they are both general election devices for political offices

No, caucuses select party candidates and primaries select independent candidates for political office

What kind of primary is associated with the phenomenon of frontloading?

b

Direct primary

Presidential primary

Preference primary

Run-off primary

Where do the parties formally select their presidential candidates?

c

In the Iowa Caucuses

At the New Hampshire Primary

At their national party conventions

During “Super Tuesday”

What did the FECA do?

a

Provided for some public regulation of campaign fundraising in presidential elections

Provided for increasing privatization of campaign fundraising regulation in presidential elections

Provided for regulation of soft money’s role in political campaigns

None of the above

What type of money did the BCRA (McCain-Feingold) start to regulate regarding campaign finance?

b

Hard Money

Soft Money

Spending by candidates of their own money

All of the above

4

What Supreme Court decision derailed much of the current campaign finance system for presidential elections as discussed in the Pro and Con section?

c

Buckley v. Valeo (1976)

McConnell v. F.E. (2003)

F.E. v. Wisconsin Right to Life, In (2007)

none of the above

Why did the major candidates for President (Obama, Clinton, and McCain) in 2008 stray from the BCRA system?

a

In order to maximize their campaign fundraising abilities

In order to minimize their campaign fundraising abilities

In order to maximize their campaign spending abilities

In order to be in compliance with the dictates of their respective political parties

What was unique about the start of the 2008 presidential election season?

d

Nothing

It included a number of major candidates from unique backgrounds like Hilary Clinton and Barack Obama

It was the first campaign since 1952 that did not include an incumbent President or Vice-President

Both of the last two options

Elections in America are divided into two parts, with the last being the selection for office. What is the first?

c

The selection of party

The nomination of the candidates by the general electorate

The nomination of the candidates by the primary and caucus electorates

There is only a single part to American elections

Partisanship is only a single indicator of how voters make up their minds in elections. What are two others?

c

Candidate attributes

Issue positions of candidates

Both of the above

None of the above

During the time of Jackson, what phenomenon was associated with the franchise?

b

Universal suffrage

Universal white male suffrage

Women’s suffrage

African-American enfranchisement

5

What was the last constitutional amendment passed and ratified that was associated with expanding the right to vote in this country?

a

26th

23rd

19th

15th

Which party is seen as better able to handle issues such as national security, crime, inflation, business, and regulatory policy?

c

The Greens

The Democrats

The Republicans

The Libertarians

Which party is associated with being more sensitive to the poor, minorities, social welfare issues, income, and employment issues?

b

The Greens

The Democrats

The Republicans

The Libertarians

Do voters have a consistent response regarding candidate attribute evaluation?

b

Yes

No

Amongst what group of voters is most of the decline in turnout occurring: the privileged or the less privileged?

c

Neither; voter turnout is up, not down

The privileged, as their needs are always met no matter what, so they have little incentive to actively participate in elections

The less privileged

Turnout has declined equally amongst both the privileged and less privileged

6

In addition to greater name recognition, how else do we account for the congressional incumbency advantage?

a

Better opportunities for advertising and fundraising

We don’t.

Challengers, not incumbents, have the advantage in congressional elections.

Name recognition is the only significant cause of incumbency advantage

Incumbency is neither an advantage nor a disadvantage in congressional elections; it is only a factor in presidential contests

Independents have increased in numbers in recent decades. Can we then infer that partisanship is no longer much of a determinative factor in American elections?

b

Yes we can but we do not know why

No, because declining turnout and negative campaigning have actually increased the polarization of the partisans left in the electorate

No, we cannot because declining turnout and negative campaigning have decreased the polarization of the partisans left in the electorate promoting opportunities for bipartisanship across the boar

The question cannot be evaluated on its own terms; therefore, we cannot answer it

Which one of the following is not true regarding young people’s voter turnout?

c

Women have a larger voter turnout advantage over men.

Recent voting suggests black voters may continue outvoting white voters.

Asian voters will continue to outvote white voters.

Turnout of Hispanic voters will continue to lag the others.

In the 2016 presidential campaign, candidates ^___^ whether the war against the Islamic State, or ISIL, was being waged effectively.

d

never discussed

hardly concerned themselves with

rarely asked questions regarding

vociferously debated

7

In recent presidential elections, which party tends to have the advantage among the electorate with regard to economic interests and the common person?

b

In 2016, Hillary Clinton ran on a platform of protecting and building upon which of the following Obama administration successes?

Republicans

Democrats

Minor parties

None of the above, because in fact no party has an advantage over the others with regard to economic interests and the common person

Economic recovery

Wall Street reform

Obamacare

All of the above

In 2016, Donald Trump, a first-time candidate, ran on a platform of which of the following promises?

d

to build a wall to keep out illegal immigrants

to ban Muslim immigrants

to return jobs lost to overseas competition

All of the above

In the 2016 presidential campaign, voters generally rated Hillary Clinton as ^___^.

a

experienced but neither empathetic nor trustworthy

experienced, empathetic and trustworthy

lacking experience but neither empathetic nor trustworthy

lacking experience but empathetic and trustworthy

Which of the following achievements have been attributed to Donald Trump?

d

a successful real estate billionaire

a reality television star

a New York society and tabloid fixture

All of the above

Multiple-Select Multiple Choice

True-False 8

Motor voter (the nickname for the National Voter Registration in 1993) allows citizens to register to vote while getting their driver's license.

TRUE

In the last twenty years, women have turned out to vote in larger numbers than men.

TRUE

There is a strong relationship between education levels and voter turnout.

TRUE

Corporations cannot make campaign contributions in national elections.

FALSE

Soft money contributions are strictly limited.

One reason for the decline in turnout within the electorate was that with the extension of the franchise to women in 1920, the potential electorate’s size doubled overnight and, like previous expansions, these new voters took time to become engaged in the process. Thus voter turnout levels dropped initially but would recover by the mid-1930s.

FALSE TRUE

In each presidential election since 1940, no less than 50 percent and no more than 70 percent of the voting age population has turned out to vote.

TRUE

The United States fails to employ mandatory voting for its citizens.

In the 2016 presidential election process, Donald Trump executed a hostile take-over of the Republican Party.

TRUE TRUE

Open What are the potential drawbacks of the Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission decision (2012)?

What are the key milestones in the expansion of voting rights in the United States?

What are the merits and drawbacks of laws requiring government-issued photo IDs? 9

Why do incumbents have an advantage in elections?

Why do people vote the way they do and who do they vote for?

Discuss the most recent presidential campaign cycle, including commentary on the roles of money, primaries/caucuses, the national nominating convention, and of course the general election. Make sure that you employ evidence gathered from the text to support your positive and negative critiques of the last presidential election.

Discuss the relationship between SES and voting and include which one is most important as a determinant in the likelihood of voting.

Discuss the Electoral College and assess whether it is a democratic device for presidential selection. Be sure to include commentary on its historical development in your answer.

Is low voter turnout a negative or positive attribute about the American electoral system? Make sure that you use evidence from the text to inform your answer.

What were the major events regarding the expansion of the franchise and corresponding patterns of voting in the twentieth century?

Differentiate a caucus from a primary.

Discuss the expansion of the franchise during the nineteenth century.

Discuss soft money in American presidential elections.

Although Donald Trump found little support among the Republican Party leadership and other candidates, why did his campaign appeal to so many Republican voters?

Discuss the appeal of running for president when the incumbent president and vice president are not in the running.

To be successful in winning the party’s nomination for their candidates, presidential campaigns have historically required an elaborate organizational structure with a large staff and the employment of the latest technology to communicate the candidate's message and increase his or her voter support. And yet, with minimal campaign preparations in place, Donald Trump vanquished sixteen well-heeled and organized competitors in the Republican primaries! How did he do it? Discuss the conditions that allowed him to succeed.

Discuss the strategy behind frontloading in presidential primaries and caucuses. In the 2016 presidential election, which candidates were helped the most by this strategy and which ones were not? In general, what kinds of candidates appear to benefit most from frontloading?

10

Chapter 9 Test Bank in Word for 9e Single-Select Multiple Choice Question

Answer

A

B

C

D

The idea that all legitimate governments derive their power from their citizens is called:

c

Legitimate Supremacy

Civil Rights

Popular Sovereignty

State Sovereignty

If a Congresswoman is known for listening to her constituents but using her own judgment and experience to inform her votes, she probably believes in the following model of representation:

b

delegate

trustee

politico

executive

Name the two notions that served as guiding principles in how the Founding Fathers viewed legislatures.

a

Popular sovereignty and legislative supremacy

Popular sovereignty and executive supremacy

Representational sovereignty and legislative supremacy

Democracy and republicanism

Who suggested that the power of lawmaking is supreme?

b

Montesquieu

Locke

Rousseau

Hobbes

Did the Founding generation have extensive experience with legislative government?

a

Yes

No

What was the first American Congress?

c

The U.S. Congress

The Confederate Congress

The Continental Congress

The Stamp Act Congress

1

According to the Let’s Compare section, what is the main point of differentiation between parliamentary and separation of powers systems?

a

The fusion versus the separation of executive and legislative branches of government

The division of structure into unicameral and bicameral forms of the legislature

The representation of different “classes” of societies with aristocratic and democratic chambers

The instantiation of divisional powers between levels of government

According to the Let’s Compare section, one of the differences between parliaments and the U.S. Congress is that members of Congress are constitutionally prohibited from holding offices in the executive branch. What are two other differences?

What role did the Constitution give to the Congress?

c

Parties are stronger in the U.S. and unified government is always guaranteed

Parties are weaker in the U.S. and divided government is always guaranteed

Parties are weaker in the U.S. and divided government is not only possible but common

Parties are stronger in the U.S. and divided government is possible but not common

b

The least important institution of the national government because it only had the legislative power

The most important institution of the national government because it had the legislative power

As an equal proactive institution of national government with its legislative power being offset by the presidency’s executive power

As an equal institution of national government with its legislative power offset in a larger system of checks and balances as well as separation of powers

d

Neither

Both

The Senate

The House of Representatives

Which chamber of the Congress is given the power of origination overall revenue bills?

2

In comparison to the rest of the country, from what class of society do the members of Congress come?

a

The social, economic, and educated elite

The social, economic, and educated masses

The educated and economic but not social elite

The social elite exclusively

In the 110th Congress, are women in the majority or the minority as members of the Congress, now that a woman is Speaker of the House of Representatives?

c

Women are in the majority

Women are in the minority but they are close to a majority with about 45 percent of the membership of the Congress being female

Women are in the minority with only about 16 percent of the congressional membership being female

There are in fact no current members of Congress except Speaker Pelosi that are women

What is legislative sovereignty?

a

The idea that lawmaking authority in government should be supreme over the executive and judicial powers

The idea that lawmaking authority in government should be held by the people

The idea that lawmaking authority in domestic affairs is the exclusive purview of the legislative branch

The idea that lawmaking authority held by the executive is subject to legislative review by the parliament

3

What does the notion of popular sovereignty imply regarding the peoples’ rights when a government is seen to be abusive or neglectful?

c

Nothing

That the people must endure by acquiescence because they have chosen this government

That the people have the right to reclaim governmental authority for themselves; in other words, they have the right of revolution

That the people have the right to reclaim for themselves some governmental authority by protesting the actions of the existing government, but they have no right to engage in violent insurrection

What does turnover mean in regard to the U.S. Congress?

c

Turnover does not apply to the Congress; it applies to the presidency

Turnover as it applies to the Congress means the number of seats in the Congress which change hands from one party to another

Turnover as it applies to the Congress means the number of seats in the Congress which change hands from one person to another

Turnover as it applies to the Congress means the number of seats in the Congress which change hands from some demographic indicator like race, religion, gender, etc., to another

4

Define tenure as it applies to the Congress.

b

Tenure is an award given to members of Congress after extensive and systematic review of their records by peers and other relevant members of the governmental community

Tenure is the measure of length of service, usually defined in years that members of Congress serve in the institution of the Congress itself

Tenure is the measure of length of service, usually defined in years that members of Congress serve in their home districts doing constituency service

Tenure is the measure of length of service, usually defined in years that members of Congress serve in the legislative branches across all levels of government in the federal system

Which chamber of Congress is more rigid in its usage of rules?

a

The House of Representatives

The Senate

Neither. Both are best seen as structured in a loose manner as far as rules are concerned

Both are rigid regarding their adherence and usage of rules, so there is no difference between them

In which chamber of the Congress do filibusters and unanimous consent agreements play a role?

b

The House of Representatives

The Senate

Neither

Both

From what right does the filibuster originate?

b

The right of open dissent

The right of unlimited debate

The right of minority veto

The First Amendment right of free expression

Which two norms governing chamber and institutional behavior within the Congress work together?

a

Reciprocity and specialization

No two norms work together

Seniority and closed committees

Open committees and conference committees

Is a select committee a temporary committee?

b

No

Yes

5

True or False? Joint and Conference committees are two names for the same thing.

b

TRUE

False. Joint committees tend to be permanent and Conference committees are temporary

False. Joint committees are temporary and Conference committees tend to be permanent

False. Joint committees are composed of members from both the House and Senate, while Conference committees are confined within one chamber of Congress

What is the primary difference between authorizing and appropriations committees?

c

Appropriations committees offer their recommendations regarding which policies or measures are most appropriate, while authorizing committees actually decide whether or not to authorize such recommendations

Authorizing committees allocate the money for policies while appropriations committees develop the policies themselves

Appropriations committees allocate the money for policies while authorizing committees develop the policies themselves

None of the above

What was central to the development of the committee system in the Congress?

d

The division of labor

Fixed jurisdictions

Seniority, specialization, and reciprocity norms

All of the above

6

What role do political parties have in a separation of powers system?

b

They further divide the government

They serve as a vehicle for integrating the disparate institutions and actors of the political system

They serve to further fragment power by dividing actors into a multiplicity of subgroups

They serve no role regarding the separation of powers

How is the Speaker of the House of Representatives chosen according to the Constitution?

c

By party line voting in the House

By appointment by the President

By a majority vote of the members of the House of Representatives

By a majority vote of the members of the Congress

In the Senate, who is its leader in practice?

c

The President of the Senate

The Vice-President of the United States

The Majority Leader of the Senate

The Majority Leader of the House

When did the House and Senate first develop a fully constituted system of permanent committees?

b

They never did

By the 1820s

By the 1920s

By the 1880s

The division of labor amongst committees in the Congress was originally instituted for what purpose?

c

Nothing

Provide access to pressure groups

To distribute the workload of the Congress to stable groups of subject matter experts

To distribute the electoral rewards of the victors in the last congressional election and by implication punish the congressional party losers

Does the Speaker of the House of Representatives have more or less power than her counterpart in the Senate?

a

More

Less

The same

7

What are two “power committees” found in both the House and Senate today?

a

Appropriations and Budget

Finance and Ways and Means

Rules and Budget

None of the above

Below the respective institutional and party leaders, who are the next group of leaders within the congressional leadership system?

b

The conference and joint committee chairs

The committee and sub-committee chairs

The conference and caucus leaders

All of the above

Who were the “barons” from a congressionalist perspective?

a

The powerful committee chairs of the 1940s to 1960s

The weakened mostly symbolic committee chairs of the 1940s to 1960s

The party leadership of the 1940s to 1960s in the Congress

The congressional lobbyists of the 1940s to 1960s

Armed Services Committees in the House and Senate are described as what kind of committees?

b

Select committees

Authorizing committees

Power committees

All of the above

Modern "teledemocracy" consists of which one of the following techniques employed by members of Congress?

d

Televised town hall meetings

Cable news appearances posted to YouTube

Satellite press conferences

All of the above

In the House of Representatives, the "Freedom Caucus" refers to which one of the following groups?

c

A group of Democratic members of the House advocating laws to extend and protect the civil rights of minorities and women

A group of liberal members of the House calling for decriminalization of marijuana possession, distribution, and sales

A group of Republican members of the House demanding a redistribution of power from the leaders to individual members

A group of conservative members of the House promoting the need for tougher immigration laws to protect society from terrorists

Multiple-Select Multiple Choice 8

The following are examples of power committees in the House

b, d

Agriculture

Ways and Means

Judiciary

Rules

The following are examples of power committees in the Senate

a, d

Appropriations

Select Ethics

Armed Services

Finance

True-False Nancy Pelosi was the first female speaker of the House.

Representatives who rely on their personal judgment are using the delegate model.

TRUE FALSE

Incumbents have a re-election advantage.

All forms of gerrymandering are illegal.

By 1880, the Congress set fixed committee jurisdiction because it required that legislation had to be considered first by appropriate committees before floor consideration.

TRUE FALSE TRUE

Party leaders in the Congress have exclusively partisan roles.

FALSE

Open Is Popular Sovereignty a practical reality or only an idea with no real-world weight?

Is a parliamentary or congressional system better? Support your answer.

Can a Congressperson accurately and effectively represent a demographic community that they do not belong to? Why or why not?

Should terms for House members be lengthened? What would be the advantages and disadvantages?

Discuss the process of how a bill becomes a law in the traditional manner within the U.S. Congress.

Discuss the development of the committee system in Congress.

Discuss the role of the Congress as the center of our national political system. Is this true in practice? If it isn’t, should it be?

Differentiate the House from the Senate in as many nuanced ways as possible.

List and discuss the three great reform eras in the Congress that attempted to address public disaffection with the institution.

9

Contrast the trustee and delegate models of representation as they are discussed in the Pro and Con section, “What Is a Representative Supposed to Represent?”

Contrast authorization processes from appropriations processes in the House and Senate.

What, if anything, is the relationship between the institutional and leadership structures of the Congress?

Discuss the staff structure of the Congress, including its differences between the chambers and historical trends.

Discuss the political dynamics surrounding Rep. Paul Ryan's rise to become Speaker of the House of Representatives. What were some of the concerns with regard to party leaders and rank-and-file members? What role did ideology play in the selection process?

10

Chapter 10 Test Bank in Word for 9e Single-Select Multiple Choice Question

Answer

A

B

C

D

The President fulfills the following function:

b

President of the Senate

Chief Legislator

Chief Justice

All of the above.

Which of the following statements about unitary executive theory is true?

a

The George W. Bush administration was a proponent of the theory

The central tenet of the theory is that Presidents and VicePresidents should be conceived of as a unified actor (with “equal and concurrent” power)

The Obama administration is a proponent of the theory

Both of the first two options

Which of these statements accurately describes the Constitution’s allocation of national security policymaking authority?

c

It concentrates that authority exclusively in the hands of the presidency

It divides that power by making the Congress the commander-in-chief and giving the President the power to declare war

It divides that power by making the President the commander-in-chief and giving Congress the power to declare war

The Constitution does not mention national security policymaking authority

1

Which of the following are two gubernatorial precedents that influenced the American Founders’ notions of executive power as they convened at the Constitutional Convention?

a

Crown governors and state governors

The King of England and the King of France

Colonial governors and local mayors

None of the above

Where was executive power vested in the Articles of Confederation?

c

Nowhere

Everywhere

In the Confederate Congress

In the states alone

According to the Let’s Compare section, the residency and nativity requirements in the presidency stem from what?

b

Xenophobia

A desire to ensure the inculcation of republican principles

Both of the above

None of the above

Which qualifying characteristic for running for the presidency is also a common requirement for being elected to high office in other democracies?

a

Citizenship

Nativity

Both citizenship and nativity

Neither citizenship nor nativity

How was the Electoral College chosen as a means of presidential election?

In which constitutional article is the “executive power” established?

c

Through decisive action

Through intense deliberation

Through compromise

It was chosen on a whim

b

Article I

Article II

Article III

Article IV

b

Authority of foreign affairs

Pardon power

Legislative veto

None of the above

Which of the following executive powers, which were traditionally vested absolutely in monarchs, did the founders grant to the Presidency without any checks from the legislative or judicial branches?

2

With which of the following institutions does the President share treaty making powers?

d

The House of Representatives

The Congress

The Supreme Court

The Senate

What is the appointment power?

a

The power of the President to appoint senior government officials

The power of the President to appoint members of the federal judiciary alone

The power of the President to confirm senatorial appointments to the federal bureaucracy

The power of the House to confirm presidential appointments to the federal bureaucracy and judiciary

What is executive privilege?

c

There is no such thing

The right of executive branch officials to keep conversations and communications with the President confidential

The right of Presidents to keep conversations and communications with their advisors confidential

None of the above

What is impeachment?

b

The process of removing congressmen from their respective chambers for misconduct

The process of removing any national government official from office

The process of removing Presidents alone from office

The process of removing executive branch officials alone from office

3

Define inherent powers.

a

Powers held by all sovereign nations allowing executives to take actions required to defend the nation and protect its interests

Powers held by all sovereign nations allowing the legislative branch to take actions required to ensure steady commerce and domestic order

Powers held by all sovereign nations allowing the judicial branch to take actions required to ensure a constitutional balance of prerogatives among the various branches of the national government

Powers moving away from sovereign nations to the international system as a result of the processes of globalization

What does the role of Chief Executive mean?

b

The President shares control over the executive branch with the Congress

The President is the head of the executive branch with its attendant bureaucracy in order to enforce this country’s national laws

The President is the head of the executive branch with its attendant bureaucracy in order to make this country’s national laws

The President is the head of the executive branch with its attendant bureaucracy in order to interpret this country’s national laws

What does the role Commander-inChief mean?

d

The President, a military officer, is the head of the armed forces of this country during both peace and war

The President, a civilian, is the head of the armed forces of this country in war but not peace

The President, a civilian, is the head of the armed forces of this country in peace but not war

The President, a civilian, is the head of the armed forces of this country in peace and war

4

Define the Cabinet as it relates to the presidency.

a

The secretaries of the 15 executive departments and other officials who head those departments and consult with the President when called upon to do so

The secretaries of the 20 executive departments and other official who head those departments and consult with President when called upon to do so

Another name for the Executive Office of the President (EOP)

The department heads in the congressional bureaucracy who consult with the President when called upon to do so

Where does the White House Staff fall in organizationally within the presidential establishment?

c

It is a part of the Cabinet

It is a part of the OMB

It is a part of the EOP

It is a part of the DOD

According to the Pro and Con section, what did the War Powers Resolution attempt to do?

a

Restrict the President’s unilateral war making power

Expand the President’s unilateral war making power

Restrict Congress’ unilateral war making power

None of the above

Why is the legislative clearance function so important within the OMB?

b

It ensures that legislative priorities are attended to by bureaucratic agencies

It ensures that the legislative requests by executive branch agencies comport with the President’s program

It ensures that the executive requests to the legislature are given their due hearing in committees and sub-committees

The legislative clearance function is done by the CBO not the OMB

Did the National Security Council exist prior to World War II?

b

Yes

No

5

What is meant by the term “revolving door” where the Cabinet is concerned?

b

Career bureaucrats often move in and out of government service on a regular basis

Political appointees often leave office after serving abbreviated terms

Political appointees and career bureaucrats are often at odds in any given administration

All of the above.

Who, according to the author, was the most influential Vice-President in U.S. history?

d

Walter Mondale

George H.W. Bush

Al Gore

Dick Cheney

At the Constitutional Convention, how did those who wanted a strong executive feel that the national magistrate should relate to legislature?

a

Independently and autonomously

Independently but not autonomously

Dependently but autonomously

Dependently and not autonomously

Which of these statements most accurately describes the origin of the President’s role as “Chief Legislator”?

c

The President has always been the Chief Legislator; it is in the Constitution

The President has been the Chief Legislator ever since George Washington established this extra-constitutional role for the office

The President started to become the Chief Legislator with the creation of the BoB in 1921

The President started to become the Chief Legislator with the New Deal in 1933

When was Congress ascendant in presidential-congressional relations?

b

The eighteenth century

The nineteenth century

The twentieth century

The twenty-first century

Which presidential institution was established by the Executive Reorganization Act of 1939?

d

The OMB

The BoB

The NSC

The EOP

6

How did Theodore Roosevelt describe the presidency and why?

c

As the National Voice promoting and guiding public opinion in favor of the President’s agenda

As the Tribune of the People, national protector of the masses against the elite machinations of the powerful interests in government

As the Bully Pulpit, to address and lead the American people toward a better tomorrow

As the Great Communicator, molding the public consciousness in such a way as to promote a new outlook on the proper role of government in the economy and society

When did the growth of presidential power fully manifest itself?

d

During the nineteenth century exclusively

During the nineteenth and twentieth centuries

During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries

During the twentieth and twenty-first centuries

One of the legislative powers of the presidency is the veto. Another is what?

c

The power to dismiss the legislature

The power to take care that the laws be faithfully executed

The power to propose measure to the Congress for their consideration

The power to declare war

Who was the principal advocate of a weak executive at the Founding?

b

Roger Williams

Roger Sherman

James Wilson

Gouverneur Morris

Which one of the following statements best describes the Bush administration’s argument regarding the limits of presidential authority in the wake of 9/11?

a

The president may act despite any express congressional prohibition.

The president may at times act in the absence of explicit statutory authority.

The president may act None of the above, as only with full statutory the limits of the authority. president’s inherent powers have never been questioned.

Obama’s organization of the Executive Office of the President has tended to be _____ .

d

more hierarchical relative to other Democratic presidents

more hierarchical relative to other Republican presidents

less hierarchical relative to other Democratic presidents

7

less hierarchical relative to other Republican presidents

Which one of the following achievements did not occur during the Obama administration?

b

Signed into law the first major national healthcare program in more than 50 years

Signed into law No Child Left Behind, a sweeping overall of education in the U.S.

Brought the U.S. out of the Great Recession, albeit with slow but steady economic growth

Reduced major military commitments in Afghanistan and Iraq and prevented overcommit to other trouble spots like Libya and Syria

The Obama administration established the Office of Digital Strategy, which ___.

c

funded the development of new technologies to enhance the efficiency of financial programming during the economic downturn

enhanced the effectiveness of electronic warfare by accurately identifying targets and substituting drone strikes for boots on the ground

provided readyresponse to statements and events that the president wanted to leverage positively or where he needed to do damage-control

encouraged scientists to use satellite-generated remote sensing data to detect harmful human activity contributing to global warming

b, d

The Pope

Crown Governors

King of France

State Governors

Multiple-Select Multiple Choice The following forms of executive leadership served as models for the American presidency.

8

True-False Congress's impeachment power extends only to the President.

The President shares oversight of bureaucratic agencies with Congress.

FALSE TRUE

The White House Staff is nominated by Congress.

When the Constitutional Convention first convened, several delegates supported giving the legislative branch the power to choose the national executive.

FALSE TRUE

Executive Agreements are the same thing as treaties.

The stature of the Vice Presidency has risen over the last few decades?

FALSE TRUE

A type of pardon is a reprieve.

Essentially, debates regarding the limits of presidential authority have to do with whether or not that authority must be understood within a context of separation of powers context or a context of unitary executive authority.

FALSE TRUE

As with the prior administration of George Bush, Barack Obama also advanced the unitary executive argument during his presidency.

FALSE

Open Describe the reasons for the evolution of the Presidency from its Constitutional origins to its contemporary reality.

Explain the importance of the pardon power and why Presidents may wait to evoke pardons until exiting office.

Which President would you rank as the best and why?

Should Congress or the President have War making powers? Why? Why might cabinet members have divided loyalties?

What should the proper role of the President be in war making? Be sure to include primary evidence from the text in your answer.

Discuss the roles of the domestic policy presidency.

9

Discuss the evolution of presidential power, especially regarding presidential-congressional relations.

Does the Constitution authorize a strong presidency in the way in which that idea has evolved over the last two hundred years? Be sure to include evidence drawn from your text in support of your answer to this question.

Evaluate the Cheney Model for the vice presidency as to whether it is an improvement or not on the role of this office within the executive branch. Be sure to include evidence for your argument from the text.

How has the foreign policy presidency evolved over time?

Contrast the EOP and the Cabinet.

While president, Barack Obama claimed executive authority to join the Paris climate change accords. Discuss whether or not he should have first submitted the Paris accords to the Senate for their advice and consent. Was Obama's claim of executive authority to join the Paris accords a breach of the doctrine of separation of powers or was he acting under an inherent power of the presidency? Defend your response.

Discuss to what extent you believe the Obama administration was weak or strong in its relations with Congress as well as what you anticipate the new administration's relations with Congress will be when compared and contrasted with those of the previous administration.

As a general rule, presidents leave office with lower public approval ratings that when they took office. Discuss some of the reasons for this and whether or not they can be anticipated by future presidents-elect.

What is the constitutional basis for signing statements, if any?

10

Chapter 11 Test Bank in Word for 9e Single-Select Multiple Choice Question

Answer

A

B

C

D

Appointing campaign contributors without the necessary credentials to key jobs in the bureaucracy could be an example of:

b

merit hiring

patronage

civil service screening

bureaucratic employment

Regulatory commissions are composed of:

c

single executives

state governors

bi-partisan boards

legislative committees

The following is a tool for judicial oversight of bureaucratic agencies

a

court orders

hearings before Congress

executive orders

All of the above

1

What is bureaucracy?

a

A hierarchical organization in which offices have specified missions and employees are assigned responsibilities based on merit, knowledge, and experience

An egalitarian organization in which offices have generalized missions and employees are assigned responsibilities based on patronage, seniority, and personality skills

A hierarchical organization in which offices have specified missions and employees are assigned responsibilities based on patronage, seniority, and personality skills

A democratic organization in which offices has patriotic responsibilities based on service, dedication to duty, and mission statement

What federal bureaucratic system did the Pendleton Act of 1883 replace?

b

The federal reserve system

The patronage system

The civil service system

Both of the last two options

Who is credited with ushering in the “spoils system”?

a

Andrew Jackson

Abraham Lincoln

Thomas Jefferson

Martin Van Buren

Mid-nineteenth-century bureaucratic growth was due in large part to the American government’s interests in doing what?

c

Offsetting the nascent labor movement

Following political trends begun in the Civil War

Promoting economic development

Promoting political development

2

Which segment of the transportation economy was the ICC (Interstate Commerce Commission) established to regulate?

c

Steamships

Ironclads

Railroads

Trucks

When did the federal government become directly involved in redistributional politics?

a

It never did.

During the Great Depression

During the Reagan Revolution

During the Great Society

What differentiates a bureaucrat from other types of government officials like elected office holders or political appointees?

d

The size of their salaries

The amount of responsibility they have

The nature of their employment: bureaucrats are temporary and the others are permanent

The nature of their employment: bureaucrats are permanent and the others are temporary

From the Let’s Compare section, what is the relative size of the governmental workforce in the United States compared to similarly constituted countries?

b

It is larger

It is smaller

It is about the same

3

The structure of the national bureaucracy includes what three elements?

d

Cabinet departments, regulatory agencies, and government corporations

Cabinet departments, regulatory commissions and government boards

Cabinet departments, regulatory agencies and government commissions

All of the above

Define regulatory commissions.

a

Commissions headed by bipartisan boards charged with developing, implementing, and adjudicating policy in their area of responsibility

The same thing as a government commission

Any minor board that provides access to government for specific interests

Any government corporation organized and administered for major undertakings

What was the spoils system prominent in the mid to late nineteenth century based on?

d

Nothing

Merit

Service

Patronage

4

What is rulemaking as it applies to the bureaucracy?

a

It is a process of defining rules or standards that apply uniformly to classes of individuals, events, or activities

It is a process of defining rules or standards that apply differently to discrete individuals, events, or activities

It is a process of deconstructing extant rules or standards in order to displace them with improved versions

Which of these statements most accurately describes the nature and origin of the Administrative Procedures Act of 1946?

b

It was passed by executive order in order to define the nature and process of bureaucratic decision making

It was passed by the Congress in order to define the nature and process of bureaucratic decision making

It was passed by the Both of the last two Congress in order to options maximize bureaucratic discretion in decision making

What is administrative adjudication?

a

Procedures for resolution of issues on specific facts rather than general rules

Procedures for resolution of issues on general rules rather than specific facts

Procedures for resolution of issues on an across-the-board basis rather than on a case-by-case basis

5

It is non-existent as a process associated with the bureaucracy, as it is strictly confined to the legislative branch at the federal level

Both of the last two options

What is implementation as it relates to bureaucratic policy making?

c

The process of creating policy

The process of defining ideal policy outcomes

The process of making policy work in the real world

All of the above

Define the civil service system?

c

The system for selecting draftees for the armed forces

The rules governing the armed forces

The rules governing civilian federal employees

The rules governing all federal government workers

The U.S. Postal Service is

c

An original Cabinet department

An independent regulatory commission

A government corporation

None of the above

The Department of Commerce

d

Was a part of the second wave of U.S. federal cabinet department creation

Is considered a “clientele department”

Was created prior to the Civil War

Both of the first two options

The Federal Reserve is

b

A service department

An independent regulatory commission

A government corporation

None of the above

The Pendleton Act was passed in the wake of the assassination of which President?

b

Lincoln

Garfield

McKinley

Kennedy

6

What was the third major development in the history of the federal bureaucracy?

b

The government as promoter of economic activity

The government as regulator of economic activity

The government as distributor of wealth and opportunity

The initial establishment of the federal bureaucracy

Is the military the largest component of the federal workforce?

b

Yes

No

Which of these was an original Cabinet-level department?

a

State

Interior

Federal Reserve

Securities and Exchange Commission

What event spurred the establishment of the most recent Cabinet Level Department?

d

World War II

The Great Society

The Progressive Movement

11-Sep

Prior to the Bush administration, when did the last major reorganization of the federal bureaucracy occur?

a

In the late 1940s

In the mid-1960s

In the late 1970s

In the late 1980s

Which of the following are approaches Congress uses for overseeing the bureaucracy?

b

Police patrol and security guard patrol

Police patrol and fire alarm

Security patrol and combat patrol

Bounding and traveling overwatch

7

What do the three sources of executive control over the bureaucracy have the potential to do?

a

Enhance coordination and accountability in government

Limit coordination in order to facilitate accountability in government

Enhance coordination and limit congressional oversight of the government

Increase executive accountability while decreasing legislative dependence

Do Presidents choose the top officials of the executive bureaucracy alone?

b

Yes

No, the Senate must confirm many of the appointments

No, the House must confirm many of the appointments

Both of the last two options

Which of the following enable(s) ordinary citizens to keep an eye on the bureaucracy?

d

Sunshine laws

Petitioning opportunities

Advisory committees

All of the above

Name one pitfall regarding major bureaucratic reform.

c

Differing origins and histories of various federal agencies

Contrasting primary and secondary missions

Both of the above

Neither of the first two options

8

Which of the following makes efficient implementation of policy programs difficult?

c

Legislative directives are often overly precise and detailed, and thus leave too little room for bureaucratic discretion on how to achieve goals and handle particular cases

Responsibility for tasks is too often concentrated in the hands of just one agency in the bureaucracy. This tends to put undue pressure on the agency and undermines accountability

Much of what government does is hard to assess. For example, it is difficult to know just how effective a Head Start program is. This, in turn, makes it difficult to assess cost effectiveness

All of the above

Eligibility for federal student aid is determined by a _____ .

c

federal merit analysis

federal excellence analysis

federal need analysis

federal quality analysis

Department of Defense

Department of Veterans Affairs

Department of Housing and Urban Development

Department of State

Multiple-Select Multiple Choice Which bureaucratic departments have the largest number of employees:

a, b

9

True-False The Pendleton Act was designed to bring an end to the patronage practices of the early 19th century.

TRUE

The United States employs the largest percentage of its workforce in the bureaucracy of any industrialized democratic nation.

FALSE

Cabinet level department heads have the title of Secretary

TRUE

The civil service has become increasingly demographically reflective of American society?

TRUE

The proportion of the American workforce that is employed full-time by the federal government steadily grew in the 2000’s to become the highest at any time since the 1970s?

FALSE

Open How does bureaucratic rule making include the executive in the development of law?

How do imprecise measures of success impact the bureaucracy?

Discuss the evolution of the federal bureaucracy since the New Deal.

10

Discuss the development of the bureaucracy from its origins to the early twentieth century.

Contrast the bureaucratic control activities of the executive versus the legislative branches.

What is the structure of the American national bureaucracy?

Was Homeland Security a good idea? Use the text for evidence in making your argument pro or con.

During the recent establishment of the Department of Homeland Security, what were some of the problems faced by the Bush administration in this major reorganization effort?

An example of a government corporation is

11

Chapter 12 Test Bank in Word for 9e Single-Select Multiple Choice Question

Answer

A

B

C

The Supreme court was originally established with six justices by which one of the following:

a

Congress

The President

The review of state laws that appear to conflict with the national Constitution is allowed for by:

c

Marbury v.

Madison

Judiciary Act of 1789 The supremacy clause

none of the above

The following are examples of Special Courts

d

U.S. Tax Court

U.S. Court of Military Appeals

U.S. Court of Veterans Appeals

All of the above

Besides the civil code, what is another tradition that underlies the American legal framework?

a

Common law

Natural law

Positive law

none of the above

What case laid the foundation for judicial review?

d

Marbury v.

Madison (1803)

McCullock v.

Maryland (1819)

Magna Carta (1214)

Bonham’s Case (1610)

1

The First Lead Justice

D The Members of the Constitutional Convention

What differentiates criminal from civil law?

b

Criminal law deals with relations between individuals and organizations whereas civil law prohibits certain actions and prescribes penalties

Criminal law prohibits certain actions and prescribes penalties whereas civil law deals with relations between individuals and organizations

In practice, there is no difference between criminal and civil law: it is all a matter of degree of application

In theory criminal law is law prescribed against criminals and civil law is law written for civilians in a community

What is the relationship between stare decisis and precedent?

c

There is no such relationship

Precedent is the principle of relying on stare decisis when making judicial decisions

Stare decisis is the principle of relying on precedent when making judicial decisions

none of the above

2

Which of the following is a necessary condition for a dispute to come before the judiciary for resolution?

d

There must be a complainant who alleges a specific wrong act and a respondent who denies that the act was wrong or that he or she committed the act if it was wrong

The controversy must be justiciable

The controversy in question must involve someone who has actually been harmed or for whom which harm is clearly imminent

All of the above

What does ripeness involve relative to cases and the law?

a

It involves evaluations as to the timeliness and necessity of the case

It is unrelated to cases and the law

It involves the notion that the issue or dispute is appropriate for or subject to judicial resolution

none of the above

In what sense did the new States formed after independence depart from their inherited common law tradition?

d

They sought to purge the tradition of its democratic aspects

They sought to purge the tradition of its monarchic aspects

They sought to purge the tradition of its aristocratic aspects

Both of the last two options

In Federalist #78, Alexander Hamilton described the judicial branch of the federal government as the

b

“in-between branch”

“least dangerous”

“most important”

“least important”

3

From the Let’s Compare section, does most of the world follow a similar legal tradition as the United States?

b

Yes

No

Define civil code.

b

Judge-made law that develops over time based around precedent

A fully articulated legal system based on clear statutes that lay out legal principles

Both of the above

The same thing as civil law

What is criminal law?

a

Prohibitions against certain actions and prescriptions of penalties for violators

Law governing the relations between individuals and groups in society

Prescriptions of punishments for violations of common law

Prescriptions of punishments for violations of civil law

What purpose did the Judiciary Act of 1789 serve?

d

It established the Supreme Court

It established judicial review

It set precedent as the guiding principle for judicial decision making

It was the originating act for the federal judiciary

4

What is judicial review and who has the authority to exercise it?

c

The authority, held by the President, to determine the constitutionality of any law or official act

The authority, held by the Supreme Court alone, to determine the constitutionality of any law or official act

The authority, held by the federal courts, to determine the constitutionality of any law or official act

The authority, held by the federal courts, to alter the Constitution by re-interpreting it

What does the doctrine of substantive due process hold and when was it ascendant?

a

The regulation of property in most cases was a violation of due process; this doctrine was ascendant in the late nineteenth century

The regulation of property in most cases was a violation of due process; this doctrine is ascendant today

The regulation of property in most cases was not a violation of due process; this doctrine is ascendant today

Substantive due process is the same principle as “separate but equal”; this doctrine was ascendant in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries

Which judicial decision allowed for state restrictions on abortion but did not actually overturn Roe v.

Wade (1973)?

b

No such decision has done that

Webster v.

Reproductive Health Services (1989)

U.S. v. Lopez (1995)

U.S. v. Morrison (1995)

5

The lowest level of courts in the federal judicial system are the

c

U.S. Supreme Court

U.S. Circuit Courts or Appeals

U.S. District Courts

none of the above

What does it mean that the Supreme Court is the court of last resort?

b

It is the lowest court

It is the highest court

It is the mid-level court

None of the above

What is appellate jurisdiction?

b

The power of a lower court to hear a case on appeal from a higher court

The power of a higher court to hear a case on appeal from a lower court

The same thing as original jurisdiction, just applied to courts below the Supreme Court

The same thing as original jurisdiction, just applied to courts above the U.S. District Courts

After 1988, when the Supreme Court gained nearly complete discretion over the cases it chooses to hear and resolve, what has happened to the number of cases resolved by the Court per year?

a

The number of cases resolved each year has decreased dramatically from about 145 signed opinions in 1985 to around 75 today

The number of cases The number of cases resolved has stayed resolved has increased about the same dramatically from about 75 signed opinions in 1985 to around 145 today

The number of cases has increased slightly from about 145 signed opinions in 1985 to around 175 today

Which chamber of the Congress is constitutionally charged with confirming federal judicial appointments?

c

Neither

Both

House

6

Senate

Which of the following is a feature of the nomination process for federal judgeships?

b

Congressional courtesy

Senatorial courtesy

Conformational courtesy

House courtesy

Which of the federal courts has appellate jurisdiction exclusively?

c

None

All

The U.S. Circuit Courts of Appeals

The U.S. Supreme Court

The Roberts court is said to have what ideological tendency?

b

Liberal

Conservative

Libertarian

Populist

Which court(s) are known for having exercised judicial activism toward the promotion of individual rights and liberties?

c

Burger court exclusively

Warren court exclusively

Both the Warren and Burger courts

Warren, Burger, and Rehnquist courts

With what doctrine was the Taney Court associated; and which landmark decision was its most famous?

a

States’ rights; Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857)

National consolidation; McCulloch v.

Maryland (1819)

Judicial activism; Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

Judicial restraint; Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad

7

The Marshall court was associated with what type of judicial policy making?

a

That which favored an independent role for the federal judiciary and a strong national government

That which favored an independent role for the federal judiciary and a states’ rights position

That which favored a dependent role for the federal judiciary and a strong national government

That which favored a dependent role for the federal judiciary and a weak national government

What substantive regime are we currently in as far as the history of the American courts is concerned?

d

National consolidation

States’ rights

Laissez-faire

Conservative reaction

How can the Congress limit judicial activism?

d

Initiate new constitutional amendments

Set the budget and structure of the federal courts, including the number of judges

Establish the appellate jurisdiction of the courts

All of the above

From the Pro and Con section, which view suggests that social, economic, and political problems can and should be addressed by the courts?

a

Judicial activism

Judicial restraint

Judicial liberalism

The first and last options above

8

A writ of certiorari is issued after how many justices vote to do so?

c

Nine

Seven

Four

Two

Often serving as a swing vote on the Supreme Court, Justice Kennedy votes _____ .

b

two-thirds of the time with the four liberal justices, but about one-third of the time with the four conservative justices

two-thirds of the time with the four conservative justices, but about one-third of the time with the four liberal justices

two-thirds of the time with the five conservative justices, but about one-third of the time with the three liberal justices

two-thirds of the time with the five liberal justices, but about onethird of the time with the three conservative justices

A study of the demographic characteristics of federal judicial appointments of recent presidents reveals that _____ .

d

Republicans tend to appoint a greater percentage of minorities and women than Democrats tend to appoint

Democrats tend to appoint a greater percentage of whites than Republicans tend to appoint

Republicans tend to appoint a greater percentage of minorities and women than Democrats tend to appoint

Democrats tend to appoint a greater percentage of minorities and women than Republicans tend to appoint

Which Chief Justice established the Supreme Court as an equal and coordinate branch of the national government?

a

John Marshall

Roger B. Taney

Earl Warren

William Rehnquist

9

Which one of the following statements is not true regarding comparative compensations of lawyers and federal judges?

a

First-year graduates from top law schools earn more than federal judges.

Top lawyers in midcareer earn several times more than federal judges.

Members of Congress have been reluctant to raise the salaries of federal judges above their own.

Congress has constitutional authority to raise the salaries of federal judges.

To what extent is the Supreme Court sensitive to the public's perception of its image as a partisan political body?

c

Not at all sensitive, as the public is aware that the law requires a minimum of two justices from each of the parties represented in Congress to be on the court

Not at all sensitive, as the public rightly considers the court as another partisan participant in national politics and policies

Somewhat sensitive, as the court’s legitimacy depends on the public’s perception of the court as above partisanship

Somewhat sensitive, as the court’s partisanship may encourage the public to lose interest in politics and gratefully rely on the court to make policy decisions

Burwell v. Hobby Lobby

King v. Burwell

Obergefel v. Hodges

Multiple-Select Multiple Choice Which of the following recentlydecided Supreme Court cases reflect liberal decisions?

b, c

10

McCullen v. Coakley

Which of the following recentlydecided Supreme Court cases reflect conservative decisions?

a, d

Burwell v. Hobby Lobby

King v. Burwell

Obergefel v. Hodges

True-False Herbert Jacob described law as "authoritative rules made by government"

TRUE

Stare decisis is a decision that serves as the foundation for future court rulings.

FALSE

Most Western democracies have adopted a common law tradition.

FALSE

Common law is based on a complete and fully articulated legal system with clear statutes which lay out legal principles.

FALSE

By wielding their power to nominate members of the federal judiciary, Presidents systematically alter the membership of the judiciary.

TRUE

The U.S. Circuit Courts of Appeals were inserted into the federal hierarchy with the Judiciary Act of 1789?

FALSE

Justiciability is a legal term meaning that an issue or dispute is appropriate for or subject to judicial resolution.

TRUE

11

McCullen v. Coakley

With the unexpected death of Justice Antonin Scalia in 2016, the Supreme Court was forced to halt all deliberations and decisions on court cases until a new justice has been confirmed by the Senate.

FALSE

Open Describe the key differences between the civil code tradition and the common law tradition. How might the differences influence the outcome of a court case?

Trace the path of a court case from State Trials Courts to the U.S. Supreme Court. What significance does the rule of four play in this process?

What are the potential merits and problems created by the Missouri System?

Evaluate the Roberts’ Court in contrast to the activities of its predecessors. What issues should it emphasize, which doctrine for judicial interpretation should it follow, and what rights should it protect?

How did the Taney Court’s judicial philosophy differ from that of the Marshall Court?

Should the federal courts follow a doctrine of judicial restraint or judicial activism?

Discuss the political development of the federal judiciary in the twentieth century.

How does a case get heard at the Supreme Court?

Discuss the nomination and confirmation process for members of the federal judiciary.

How, if at all, has the Roberts differed from the Rehnquist Court?

What is the structure of the federal judiciary and what type(s) of jurisdiction does each level have?

12

Discuss to what extent the Supreme Court is a partisan political body. Do the court’s decisions tend to favor the Republicans more than the Democrats? Or, the Democrats more than the Republicans? Or, neither? Consider the court's decisions in Burwell v. Hobby Lobby (contraception), King v. Burwell (Obamacare), Obergefel v. Hodges (gay marriage), McCullen v. Coakley (abortion protests), and McCutcheon v. Federal Election Commission (campaign finance), among others. How do these decisions inform your consideration as to whether or not the Supreme Court is partisan on policy issues?

We understand in our political system that individuals have rights. But, do groups of individuals have rights? That is, do group rights exist, too? Specifically, is the term "corporate personhood" a meaningful term? If so, does this mean that corporations have rights the same way that individual persons have rights? And, if corporations have rights, what rights do they have? Private property? Religious liberty? Free speech? Voting? Others?

13

Chapter 13 Test Bank in Word for 9e Single-Select Multiple Choice Question

Answer

A

B

Most prosecutors stopped pursuing cases of obscenity on the internet (with the exception of child sexual exploitation) because of:

b

Special rules that allow obscenity in digital media

The overwhelming amount of obscene material

the Protect Act of 2003

None of the above

Prior restraint was established by:

d

Congressional Act

Atkins v. Virginia

Executive Order

Near v. Minnesota

Are civil liberties, civil rights, and human rights essentially the same things?

b

Yes

No

Which of the following is an example of a civil right?

d

The right to vote

The right to be free from racial discrimination

The right to a free press

Both of the last two options

Which of the following is an example of a civil liberty?

d

Freedom of the press

Freedom of speech

Freedom of religion

All of the above

The Bill of Rights is a list of what?

a

Civil liberties

Civil rights

Both civil liberties and civil rights

Neither civil liberties nor civil rights

1

C

D

What decision/amendment c restricted the application of the Bill of Rights to the federal government alone?

The Ninth Amendment

The Tenth Amendment

Barron v. Baltimore (1833)

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

When viewed together, what are the freedoms of speech and press collectively said to be?

b

The freedom of press

The freedom of expression

The fundamental rights

Human rights

Which of the following was a significant element of Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes’ majority opinion in Schenck v. U.S. (1919)?

d

The declaration that the First Amendment’s protection of free speech is NOT absolute

The establishment of the “Clear and Present Danger Test” for deciding between protected and punishable speech

The declaration that Both of the first two the First options Amendment’s protections are among the liberties incorporated through the Fourteenth Amendment’s due process clause

2

Which of the following was a significant result of the Court’s decision in Gitlow v. New York (1925)?

c

The declaration that the First Amendment’s protection of free speech is NOT absolute

The establishment of the “Clear and Present Danger Test” for deciding between protected and punishable speech

The declaration that Both of the last two the First options Amendment’s protections are among the liberties incorporated through the Fourteenth Amendment’s due process clause

What is symbolic speech?

a

Speech related acts protected under the First Amendment

Non-speech related acts protected under the First Amendment

Undefined portions of the First Amendment’s freedom of speech clause

None of the above

Which decision ruled that cross burning is not protected speech?

b

Texas v. Johnson (1989)

Virginia v. Black (2003)

Brandenburg v. Ohio (1969)

Whitney v. California (1927)

Which case set forth the three-part test to determine whether something was determined to be obscene?

c

Roth v. United States (1957)

Regina v. Hicklin (1868)

Miller v. California (1973)

All of the above

3

Define prior restraint.

b

Any limitation on the free exercise of religion, either prior to or after the passing of a statute that limits such exercise

Any limitations on publication requiring that permission be secured or approval be granted prior to publication

The taking of criminal suspects into custody prior to a formal arrest or notification of their Miranda rights

None of the above

With which war was the Pentagon Papers case associated?

d

The Iraq War

The Afghanistan War

The Persian Gulf War

The Vietnam War

What does the establishment clause say regarding religion?

a

There may not be a national religion established in the United States

There may be a national religion established in the United States

Congress may not interfere with the free exercise of religion

The establishment clause has nothing to do with religion

The free exercise clause is a part of which freedom in the Bill of Rights?

c

Freedom of speech

Freedom of press

Freedom of religion

It is not in the Bill of Rights

Which Amendment prevents unwarranted searches and seizures?

d

The First

The Second

The Third

The Fourth

4

What is the right to counsel and where did it originate?

a

The right to an attorney, originating in the Sixth Amendment and broadened in Gideon v.

Wainwright (1963)

The right to an attorney, originating from the Fourth Amendment and broadened in Hudson v. Michigan (2006)

The right to offer religious instruction and spiritual guidance, originating from the First Amendment and clarified in Lemon v.

Kurtzman (1971)

None of the above

In the case of Tinker v. Des Moines School District (1969), what did the Court rule with respect to the First Amendment speech rights of students?

b

Teachers and school boards have the freedom and responsibility to decide the nature and extent of students’ speech rights

Students have a presumptive right to engage in political speech so long as that speech does not unduly disrupt the basic educational mission of the school

Public schools are a public forum wherein students (and teachers) enjoy an absolute right to free political speech

None of the above

According to the Pro and Con section, in addition to improving information sharing and enhancing surveillance authority what other provisions were in the Patriot Act?

c

Strengthening antiterrorism laws

Provisions for “Following the money”

Both of the above options

Neither of the first two options

5

Which of the following rights is guaranteed by the Fifth Amendment?

b

The right to a jury trial

The right against self-incrimination

The right of selfdefense

Both of the first two options

Which court decision declared executions of severely retarded persons to be “cruel and unusual” and, thus, in violation of the Eighth Amendment?

b

There has been no such court decision

Atkins v. Virginia (2002)

Furman v. Georgia (1972)

Gregg v. Georgia (1978)

Which of these statements most accurately describes the use of the death penalty by the United States and other countries around the world?

c

A majority of countries in the world use the death penalty, but the United States uses it more frequently than most

A majority of countries in the world use the death penalty, but the United States uses it less frequently than most

A majority of countries in the world have stopped using the death penalty altogether and most of the countries who still allow its use do so very sparingly; but the United States is one of the few countries that uses it somewhat regularly

A majority of countries in the world have stopped using the death penalty altogether, and most of the countries that still allow its use, including the United States, do so very sparingly

6

In what case did the Supreme Court b declare that persons taken into custody must be specifically informed that they have the right to remain silent and that they cannot be questioned unless they waive that right?

Gideon v.

Wainwright (1963)

Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

Furman v. Georgia (1972)

Hudson v. Michigan (2006)

What did the Supreme Court declare in the case Montejo v.

Louisiana (2009)

If criminal defendants are appointed an attorney, but they choose to speak to police without their attorney present, any incriminating statements made by the defendant can be used against him or her in court

If criminal defendants are appointed an attorney, then anything they say to police before they have an opportunity to consult with their attorney may not be used in Court against them

Criminal defendants have a right to an attorney, but if they waive that right then anything they say can be used against them in Court

None of the above

a

7

Which of these statements most accurately describes a position taken by the United States Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals in 2007?

c

The Court ruled that a publicschool-sponsored recitation of the Pledge of Allegiance is an unconstitutional establishment of religion; however, it also declared that the printing of the phrase “In God We Trust” on U.S. coins is constitutional

The Court ruled that both are unconstitutional

The Court ruled that both are constitutional

None of the above

Which one of the following statements is not one of the three tests regarding church-state relations and the constitutionality of a government program in the Supreme Court’s decision in Lemon v. Kurtzman?

d

The program must have a secular purpose.

The program must neither advance nor impede religion.

The program must not create an excessive entanglement of church and state.

The program must promote faith-based initiatives.

8

Which one of the following statements is too often the norm when public defenders or legal aid lawyers represent poor defendants?

d

The amount of time they can spend preparing for each case is minimal.

They are reduced to negotiating plea bargains.

They are reduced to negotiating guilty verdicts.

All of the above are true.

Edward Snowden’s release of secret documents revealed the NSA’s illegal gathering of vast amounts of _____ .

b

financial contributions from foreign heads-ofstate

data on phone, text, and Internet traffic

military weaponry for transfer to clandestine forces abroad

all of the above

Roy Moore has used his judicial position as Chief Justice of the Alabama Supreme Court to resist decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court with regard to which two of the following pairs of public issues?

c

advancing gun control and limiting capital punishment

teaching evolution and banning prayer in public schools

prohibiting public display of the Ten Commandments and permitting gay marriage

preventing environmental development and restricting fossil fuels

9

Multiple-Select Multiple Choice The obscenity test established by Miller v. California includes standards for judging obscenity:

b, c

an idea opposing religiously sanctioned ideas.

an appeal to prurient interest

a lack of serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value.

none of the above.

True-False Barron V. Baltimore (1833) ensured that the actions of all state governments were limited by the Bill of Rights

FALSE

Symbolic speech can also be evaluated with the imminent danger test.

TRUE

The exclusionary rule prohibits search and seizures without a warrant.

FALSE

There is broad agreement among justices of the current Supreme Court that the exclusionary rule, as established by the precedents set in recent decades, ought to continue to apply in “full force.”

FALSE

10

Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) established that the Constitution implicitly guarantees a right to counsel in federal, but NOT state, criminal cases.

FALSE

After 9/11, the Bush administration began to relax traditional legal protections for the criminally accused (including both foreigners and U.S. citizens), by, among other things, employing secret detentions and denying access to lawyers.

TRUE

According to the textbook, punishment of most convicted criminals in the United States was much milder in the nineteenth century than it is today.

FALSE

Today, due to the Court’s so-called process of “selective incorporation,” nearly all of the rights in the Bill of Rights now constrain both federal and state governments.

TRUE

Civil Rights are areas of social life where the Constitution prohibits (disallows) government from taking actions intended to promote fair treatment.

FALSE

Civil liberties are areas of social life where the government is restricted or prohibited from intruding on individuals.

TRUE

11

In 2014, the Supreme Court declared that states could not simply declare those with IQs above 70 to be competent. A wider range of evidence had to be considered.

TRUE

Open Under what circumstances is prayer allowed in public school environments?

Describe the circumstances under which the exclusionary rule can be limited.

Which of the rights of a criminal defendant is most important and why?

Explain why cross-burning is not protected speech. Think of an example of another symbolic speech that would also not be protected for similar reasons.

Discuss the rights of the accused in as succinct, yet developed, a manner as possible.

How far should we allow our First Amendment freedoms to be exercised? Be sure to use the text for supporting evidence for your case.

Why do we have a Bill of Rights?

Is prayer in public schools prohibited today?

What is the “Lemon Test”? From where did it arise? What is its purpose?

What does the Constitution say about the place of guns in our society? What is the correct interpretation of the Second Amendment? What is the best interpretation of the Second Amendment? Are they the same thing?

12

Chapter 14 Test Bank in Word for 9e Single-Select Multiple Choice Question

Answer

A

B

C

D

Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) struck down a law prohibiting…

a

contraception as a violation of marital privacy.

contraception as a violation of women's right to medical procedures

sodomy as a violation of marital privacy

abortion as a violation of marital privacy

The Slaughterhouse Cases (1873)

d

established voting rights for Latinos in Louisiana

established citizens' rights to know the contents of their meat products

established the right of citizens to challenge monopolies.

established that states had the power to define the domestic rights of their citizens.

Title IX forbids discrimination based c on

social class

religious affiliation

gender

sexual preference

Which of the following is NOT a factor that, according to sociologist Doug McAdam, is necessary for a social movement to gain momentum?

a

Popularity among average Americans

Expanding political opportunities

The mobilization of indigenous organizational resources

The presence of certain shared cognitions or values

Approximately how many countries currently permit same-sex marriages?

b

0

Between 1 and 25

Between 26 and 50

More than 50

1

What set of amendments to the U.S. Constitution are also known as “The Civil War Amendments”?

c

The Bill of Rights

The 11th, 12th, and 13th Amendments

The 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments

The 16th, 17th, and 18th Amendments

Which decision overturned the separate but equal doctrine of Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)?

b

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978)

Brown v. Board of Education, Topeka, KS (1954)

Allwright v. Smith (1944)

The Civil Rights Acts of 1964, 1965, and 1968

From the Let’s Compare section, what might be the next civil right?

b

Homosexual rights in general

Gay marriage

Hispanic rights

Student rights

What act ultimately destroyed the Jim Crow system in the South?

d

The Civil Rights Act of 1965

The Civil Rights Act of 1964

The 24th Amendment

The Voting Rights Act of 1965

Does affirmative action still exist?

c

Yes, and in its fully constituted form

No, it has been deemed unconstitutional

Yes, but it has been lessened in its application since quotas were declared unconstitutional

Affirmative action has never existed; it is a rallying cry for neosegregationists

2

Which of these statements most accurately defines civil liberties and civil rights?

c

Civil liberties are the protections for individuals and minorities provided by the Constitution, while civil rights are similar protections provided outside the Constitution

Civil liberties and civil rights are different words for the same thing: the right of all individuals to enjoy equal liberty under the law

3

Civil liberties restrict and control government power over individuals, while civil rights promise that government power will be used to ensure that individuals are treated equally and fairly by government and other individuals

The first and last options above

Define the term social movement.

a

A collective enterprise to change the way society is organized and operates in order to produce changes in the way opportunities and rewards are distributed

A singular enterprise to change the way society is organized and operates in order to produce changes in the way opportunities and rewards are distributed

A public enterprise to maintain the way society is organized and operates in order to prevent tampering with the way opportunities and rewards are distributed

A private enterprise to maintain the way society is organized and operates in order to prevent tampering with the way opportunities and rewards are distributed

What is a frame in relation to the concept of social movements?

b

A method of protest involving pickets with graphical depictions of the movement’s antagonists

A dominant organizing image

A tactic used by the opponents of social movements that involves seeking to discredit movement leaders

Frames have no relationship to the concept of social movements

4

In what case did the Supreme Court c establish the doctrine of “separate but equal,” which implied government mandated racial segregation did not inherently violate the Constitution’s requirement of equal protection of the laws?

Dred Scott v.

Sanford

Civil Rights Cases

Plessy v. Ferguson

Sweatt v. Painter

Which of these statements most accurately identifies and describes the Supreme Court’s first major ruling on the constitutionality of affirmative action in higher education?

In Brown v. Board of Education, the Supreme Court ruled that public colleges can take race into account in admissions decisions as long as they do not set aside a specific number of seats for which only minorities are eligible

In Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, the Supreme Court ruled that colleges may use affirmative action “whenever and however they see fit”

In Grutter v. Bollinger, the Supreme Court ruled that affirmative action in higher education admissions must end within twenty-five years

None of the above

d

5

Coverture, the legal concept by which the place of married men and women in early nineteenthcentury America was defined, held that when a man and a woman marry, they become

a

“one person, and that person the husband”

“two equals in everlasting union under God”

“one person, and that person unified by independent souls”

None of the above

What was the ERA?

c

A constitutional amendment guaranteeing racial equality which was ratified in 1982

A constitutional amendment guaranteeing gender equality which was ratified in 1982

A constitutional amendment guaranteeing gender equality which was never ratified

A constitutional amendment guaranteeing racial equality which was never ratified

The Eagle Forum was

c

An offshoot of the National Organization for Women that focused on securing abortion rights for women

An offshoot of the National Organization for Women that focused on securing ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment

A conservative group founded to resist passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and the liberalization of abortion laws

Both of the first two options

Who and/or what tends to be threatened by social movements?

d

Policies, programs, and the existing flow of benefits

The people, groups, and institutions that have controlled and benefited from the existing system

Those among the oppressed who fear social disorder

Both the first and last options

6

What happened in the Slaughterhouse cases of 1873 relative to the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment?

c

The Slaughterhouse cases did not deal with the 14th Amendment

The Slaughterhouse cases dealt with the due process clause of the 14th Amendment

The Slaughterhouse cases restricted the application of the equal protection clause by defining U.S. citizenship narrowly, thus leaving states to regulate domestic race relations

The Slaughterhouse cases restricted the application of the equal protection clause by defining due process narrowly, thus leaving states to regulate domestic economic relations

The Civil Rights cases (1883) did what relative to civil rights in the United States?

a

It declared the Civil Rights Act of 1875 unconstitutional

It sustained broad interpretation of the Civil War Amendments

It called for a new civil rights act, though that call would not be answered until the Civil Rights Act of 1957

It called for a new civil rights act, though that call would not be answered until the Civil Rights Act of 1964

What three things did the Civil War Amendments give collectively to blacks in America?

a

Freedom, citizenship, and the right to vote

Freedom, equality, and fraternity

Freedom, non-citizen equality, and the right to register to vote

Little, less, and nothing

7

In 1960, approximately what percentage of public schools in the following states had at least one black student attending with at least one white student: Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, and South Carolina?

a

0 percent

1-25 percent

26-50 percent

51-75 percent

Opponents of affirmative action claim that it amounts to what?

c

Reverse discrimination against women

Reverse discrimination against males

Reverse discrimination against white males

There are no opponents to affirmative action

Which of the following is an example of a women’s equal rights activist group?

a

National Organization for Women (NOW)

Eagle Forum

STOP ERA

All of the above

What frame did the Women’s Movement come out of in the 1960s?

b

One emphasizing free labor, suffrage and contracts

One emphasizing equality and civil rights

One emphasizing conservative reactionaries

One emphasizing liberal progressivism

8

Which of the following is a documented fact that supports the contention that women have made significant strides toward gender equality?

c

In 1970, 4 percent of married women earned more than their husbands. In 2008, 22 percent of working women made more than did their husbands

In 1970, women made an average of 52 percent of what men made. In 2008, women made an average of 78 percent of what men made

Both of the above options

None of the above options

In a recent U.S. Census Bureau report approximately what percent of Fortune 500 companies were headed by blacks?

a

a little more than one percent

a little more than two percent

a little more than three percent

a little more than four percent

Which one of the following statements is true regarding the working relationship in politics between difference feminists and equality feminists?

c

They always worked together.

They joined forces to win women’s suffrage in 1920.

Equality feminists dominated the women’s movement until the 1960s.

Difference feminists demanded full equality with men in the economy.

Advocates of gay rights with regard b to the privileges of marriage have relied primarily on which one of the following constitutional assertions?

the “necessary and proper” clause of Article I

the “equal protection” and “due process” clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment

the “full faith and credit” clause of Article IV

the “reserved powers of the states” clause of the Tenth Amendment

9

The Supreme Court’s decision in June 2015 had the effect of extending a constitutional right of gay couples to marry to _____.

d

the District of Columbia only

federal agencies only

U.S. territories only

the states

In the Supreme Court’s majority decision in the case of Obergefell v.

Hodges (2015), Associate Justice Anthony Kennedy wrote that _____.

a

marriage is a “liberty” that cannot be denied to gay couples

marriage is a privilege that is to be defined by each state’s laws

marriage can only be between one man and one woman

none of the above

9th

11th

10th

14th

Multiple-Select Multiple Choice Which amendments allowed for the Supreme Court to strike down sodomy laws in <em class="italic">Lawrence v.

Texas</em> (2003)

a, d

True-False Civil liberties promise that government power will be used to ensure that individuals are treated equally.

10

FALSE

The Roe v. Wade (1973) decision relied on the 14th Amendment.

TRUE

Brown v. Board of Education was the first Supreme Court decision to declare the exclusion of a black student from a public school on account of race to be unconstitutional.

FALSE

Although they would eventually succeed at gaining women’s suffrage, Susan Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton failed in their effort to assure that married women could own property and control their own wages.

FALSE

“Dred Scott” is the generic name for all of the laws and practices that enforced segregation of the races in the American South and elsewhere from the end of the nineteenth century to the middle of the twentieth century.

FALSE

In contrast to interest groups, social movements tend to operate within the conventions of society.

FALSE

Some social movements engage in protest behavior that becomes violent.

TRUE

Prior to the Civil War there was a clear difference between civil liberties and civil rights, at least as far as white men were concerned.

FALSE

11

In recent years, the Supreme Court has taken a dim view of affirmative action regulations, including the use of racial quotas for university admission purposes. So, observers were surprised when the court upheld the University of Texas’s use of race as a factor in its undergraduate admissions process in the case of Fisher v.

Texas (2016).

TRUE

Unlike abortion and school prayer, the Supreme Court’s decision in the case of Obergefell v. Hodges has ended the fight over gay marriage.

FALSE

Open

12

Chapter 15 Test Bank in Word for 9e Single-Select Multiple Choice Question

Answer

A

B

The Sherman Antitrust Act (1890) was designed to maintain capitalism by prohibiting the development of:

b

social insurance programs

monopolies

taxes

none of the above.

All of these are major steps in the congressional budget preparation except:

c

Congress receives the president's budget

Budget committee reports concurrent resolution on the budget to each house.

Agencies build their budgets in line with the president's guidelines.

CBO reports to the Budget committee on the fiscal outlook, budget priorities, and how they relate to the president's budget.

What was the second phase of economic management in the history of state-economy intervention in American political development?

a

The rise of economic regulation

The growth of the welfare state and macroeconomic regulation

Building the economic infrastructure

none of the above.

1

C

D

During what period in the history of a economic management did the New Deal occur?

During the growth of the welfare state and macroeconomic regulation

The rise of economic regulation

Building the economic infrastructure

Both of the first two options

Who was the prime architect of the first national plan for the American economy?

b

George Washington

Alexander Hamilton

James Madison

Thomas Jefferson

What were the earliest American colonies organized as?

d

Corporations

Sector economies

Economies of scale

Joint stock companies

What are the three types of economic management policies?

c

Business, corporate, and individual

Individual, aggregate, and unit

Fiscal, monetary, and regulatory

Distributive, redistributive, and regulatory

Which of the following options present two distinct perspectives on how government can and should use policy to promote a healthy economy?

d

Traditional conservatism and Keynesianism

Supply-side economics and monetarism

The New Economy and traditional conservatism

All of the above

The administration of which president is associated with “the New Economy” perspective on economic policy?

a

Bill Clinton

George W. Bush

Barack Obama

All of the above

2

Which economist is often called the c “father of monetarism”?

Arthur B. Laffer

John Maynard Keynes

Milton C. Friedman

Adam Smith

Which institution of economic policymaking is an independent regulatory commission?

c

The Office of Management and Budget

The Treasury Department

The Federal Reserve Board

The National Economic Council

What was the OMB originally called when it was a part of the Treasury Department; and how was it created?

a

The Bureau of the Budget; created by the Budget and Accounting Act of 1921

The Council of Economic Advisers; established by the Executive Reorganization Act of 1939

The National Economic Council; established by executive fiat in the Nixon administration

None of the above

3

What is a corporation?

a

A legal (as opposed to physical) person that has the same economic rights as a physical person but that is also composed of shareholders who are liable only up to the amount of their personal investments

A legal (as opposed to physical) person that has the same economic rights as a physical person but that is also composed of shareholders who are liable for all credits and deficits of the entity

A legal (as opposed to physical) person that has the same social rights as a physical person but that is also composed of shareholders who are liable only up to the amount of their social capital investments

None of the above

What is a monopoly?

b

The most successful firm in a competitive market

An economic condition where a single producer controls the market

An economic condition where a few producers control the market

An economic condition where no single or group of producers control the market

4

What was the New Deal?

d

LBJ’s economic and social programs of the 1960s

Truman’s domestic social and economic program proposals of the 1940s

What is fiscal policy?

d

Government policies focused on the supply of money and interest rates

Government policies Government policies about taxing, regarding revenue spending, budgets, raising and spending deficits, and debt

What is regulatory policy?

a

Legislation and Economic laws bureaucratic rules exclusively that affect the performance of individual businesses and the economy in general

Executive rules regarding the economy exclusively

All of the above

Where do traditional conservatives stand on the issue of taxes?

c

They support higher taxes

They support lower taxes

None of the above

They oppose taxation of any kind

5

FDR’s policies and programs intended to address World War II

FDR’s policies and programs intended to address the Great Depression

Both of the last two options

What, according to Keynesians, is usually the appropriate government response during bad economic times?

d

Government should spend less

Government should spend more

Government should decrease taxes

Both of the last two options

What is supply-side economics?

b

A policy perspective that emphasizes increasing regulation in order to promote consumption as a means to creating an increased supply of goods and services

The decreasing of taxes, among other things, in order to improve the business climate, encourage new investment, and expand output

Both of the above

None of the above

Keynesians attempt to manage the economy by addressing what aspect of it?

a

Demand

Supply

Interest rates

All of the above

Monetarists tend to promote the use of monetary policy for controlling the business cycle.

What do Keynesians normally promote instead?

b

They also promote the use of monetary policy

They promote the use of fiscal policy

They promote the use of supply-side policy

They promote the use of Kinesiological policy

6

The textbook author suggests that the George W. Bush administration operated from a supply-side perspective on taxes, but what other perspective on spending?

a

Keynesianism

Monetarism

Traditional Conservatism

None of the above

How does the Federal Reserve Board manage the nation’s money supply?

b

By not setting specific reserve requirements and using a flexible discount rate

By setting specific reserve requirements and establishing the discount rate

By prescribing specific fiscal policies

By setting business sector regulatory policies

The Council of Economic Advisers (CEA) was established by an act of Congress. What established the National Economic Council (NEC)?

d

The same act of Congress, the Employment Act of 1946

A different act of Congress, the Employment Act of 1993

By executive order in the W. Bush administration

By executive order in the Clinton administration

Two institutions are primarily involved in the budget preparation process today. The one found in the legislative branch is the Congressional Budget Office; what is the other one that is found in the executive branch?

a

The Office of Management and Budget

The Council of Economic Advisers

The National Economic Council

The Bureau of the Budget

7

Today most federal revenue comes from what kind of taxes?

d

Excise taxes

Corporate income taxes

Impost taxes

Individual income taxes

From 1960 to 2000, discretionary spending on national defense was subject to which of these trends?

b

It increased

It decreased

It remained the same

None of the above

Mandatory spending on health programs (e.g. Medicare and Medicaid) has been subject to what trend since 1970?

a

It has increased

It has decreased

It has remained the same

None of the above

Income taxes are

b

Regressive

Progressive

Flat

Both the last two of the above

The Social Security tax is

a

Regressive

Progressive

Flat

None of the above

Medicaid is a social insurance program.

b

Yes, just like social security

No, it is a meanstested program

8

What problem is Social Security facing in the future?

b

There is no problem

In the future there will be a significant reduction in the ratio of workers to retirees drawing benefits

In the future there will be a significant increase in the ratio of workers to retirees drawing benefits

None of the above

As society confronts economic issues, how is property defined?

c

by implementation of international conventions

as understood by market economists

through government legislation and court decisions

according to the Fifth Amendment to the Constitution

Multiple-Select Multiple Choice

True-False The federal reserve is primarily responsible for managing the nation's money supply.

9

TRUE

The Office of Management and Budget assists in the development of a unified executive branch budget.

TRUE

The highest tax rate is over 40% Corporate income tax accounts for a greater percentage of overall tax revenue in 2011 than in 1955.

FALSE FALSE

Government spending, measured as the percent of the economy accounted for by government outlays, is higher in the United States than in nearly all other advanced industrial nations.

FALSE

Between 1943 and 1964, Americans with the highest incomes faced individual income tax rates greater than 90 percent?

TRUE

The Council of Economic Advisers (CEA) has independent economic policymaking authority.

FALSE

Progressive taxes are designed to assure that the wealthy pay a higher amount of money in taxes than the poor. Thus, flat taxes are also a type of progressive tax.

FALSE

Open 10

In what ways are corporations similar to individual citizens under the law?

Describe the events leading to the passage of the Employment Act of 1946.

What are the key differences between Monetarism and Keynesianism?

Consider a federal agency with a mission that you strongly believe in, compose a rational for a budget increase that might satisfy a Tea Party backed legislator.

How has No Child Left Behind impacted federal spending on education?

Which type of taxation scheme is preferable: progressive, regressive, flat, or some combination? Be sure to use primary evidence drawn from the text in formulating your argument.

Which type of economic management perspective—traditional conservatism, Keynesianism, monetarism, supply-side or New Economy—do you prefer and why? Be sure to use primary evidence drawn from the text in support of your argument.

Discuss the evolution of economic management in this country during the twentieth century.

As completely yet succinctly as possible, discuss the supply-side economics perspective on economic policymaking.

As completely yet succinctly as possible, discuss the Keynesian perspective on economic policymaking.

Is the distribution of income in America fair? Remember to use evidence garnered from the text in support of your argument.

11

Chapter 16 Test Bank in Word for 9e Single-Select Multiple Choice Question

Answer

A

B

The idea that the United States had the right to expand across the entire continent is known as:

b

Monroe Doctrine

Manifest Destiny

Truman Doctrine

The Rule of Law

Attempts to contain the spread of communism was supported by the:

d

Monroe Doctrine

Rule of Law

Realist Theory

Truman Doctrine

For what do neo-conservatives contend with respect to power and values?

a

Neo-conservatives believe in using hard power to promote American values abroad

Neo-conservatives believe in using soft power to promote American values abroad

Neo-conservatives believe in using soft and hard power for maintaining state security

Neo-conservatives believe in using soft and hard power to promote American values abroad and to maintain state security

Realists want the United States to promote its own prosperity and also to do what?

d

Promote values

Increase security

Develop hard power

Both the last two of the above

Idealists are mostly associated with which type of power?

b

Hard

Soft

Reflexive

All of the above

1

C

D

Which of the following is an asset of soft power?

d

Values

Culture

Prosperity

All of the above

What position did the American colonies occupy in the Old World Order?

a

They were prizes over which the great European empires fought over during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries

They were power brokers unto themselves in the great imperial contests in the Age of Discovery

They were semiautonomous minor powers in the first period of imperial consolidation from the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries

None of the above

What did the Monroe Doctrine claim as far as the United States’ role in the western hemisphere?

a

It set the noncolonial portion of the western hemisphere as a sphere of influence for itself by forbidding further European colonization of it

It set the noncolonial portion of the Pacific rim as a sphere of influence for itself by forbidding further European encroachments on it

It established Latin America as a place for future American colonization

It claimed Canada as a U.S. territory

2

Which region of North America was impacted through migration by the pronouncement of Manifest Destiny?

b

The East

The West

The South

The Mid-West

Which country’s trade policies was the target of the United States’ Open Door Policy?

d

Japan

The Philippines

Puerto Rico

China

What was the cold war?

c

A period of open warfare between the United States and the Soviet Union

A period of alliance between the United States and the USSR in confrontation with the Axis Powers

A period of continuous hostility, but not actual warfare, between the United States and the USSR

A period of noncontinuous hostility between the superpowers that was marked by direct confrontations between the United States and the USSR on the Korean peninsula, in Southeast Asia, and the island of Grenada

3

Identify containment in the context of the Cold War.

a

U.S. policy to contain Soviet power by strengthening U.S. allies on the periphery of the Soviet empire

U.S. policy to roll back Soviet power by strengthening guerilla movements in communist bloc countries

U.S. policy to selectively engage in areas of strategic and humanitarian interest in order to promote democratic-capitalism abroad

U.S. policy to guide the formation of a new world order so as to promote democratic-capitalism abroad by taking advantage of the peace dividend with the climax of super power struggle at the end of the Cold War

What did the Truman Doctrine declare as being vital to the interests of the United States?

b

Pledging support to communist states in order to offset the influence of the USSR

Pledging support to non-communist forces in order to keep the influence of domestic and foreign communism within countries at bay

The same thing as the Marshall Plan

All of the above

4

What did deterrence have as its basis?

a

The notion of overawing military power

The notion of sufficient military power

The notion of diplomacy

The notion of economic power

Why was NATO formed?

c

As a response to 9/11

As a response to Pearl Harbor

As a response to the cold war

As a response to World War II

Why was the United Nations formed in 1945?

b

As an international organization to serve as a forum for discussing international issues with major peace enforcing responsibilities

As an international organization to serve as a forum for discussing international issues with major peacekeeping responsibilities

As a world governing council with major peace enforcing responsibilities

None of the above

What international trade organization has replaced the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)?

c

The GATT is still in effect

The UN

The World Trade Organization

The International Trade Organization

5

What was the Bush Doctrine?

d

Promotion of an active role for the United States in post-cold war new world order by expanding freedom and markets

Promotion of a selective engagement policy relative to U.S. interests in promoting democraticcapitalism

Identification of the Middle East as an area within the strategic interests of the United States

Promotion of national sovereignty, security, and supremacy even with the employment of preventive war as a military tactic to ensure the continuance of these principles

What organization exerts more control over the international price of oil than any other?

c

Exxon

British Petroleum

OPEC

WTO

The oldest and most developed major trading bloc in the world is the

d

North Atlantic Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)

European Free Trade Association

European Community (now the European Union)

Who is widely considered to have been a key contributor to the development of the U.S. policy of “containment”?

d

George Kennan

George Marshall

Harry Truman

All of the above

Which type of power do both neoconservatives and realists emphasize?

a

Hard

Soft

Malleable

Plastic

6

What assets are associated with hard power and hence of importance regarding foreign policy?

b

Military power alone

Economic and military power

Values and culture itself

All of the above

How was the international system characterized during the cold war?

Is it still characterized that way?

d

As bipolar; yes, it still is

As multipolar; yes, it still is

As unipolar; no it is not

As bipolar; no it is not

The Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan were both a part of what U.S. foreign policy strategy?

a

Containment

The New Look

Flexible Response

Triangulation

Of the three pillars that came out of the Bretton Woods Conference, which institution was designed to reconstruct the western European countries in the wake of the infrastructural devastation caused by the World War II?

b

The IMF

The World Bank

The GATT

The ITO

Which international institution was largely impeded by the superpowers from functioning effectively as a conflict resolution device?

c

The IMF

NATO

The UN

The Group of 77

7

In the last quarter of the twentieth century, three super economies formed in Europe, North America, and Asia. This suggests that economically speaking the world can be thought of as what regarding the distribution of power?

c

Bipolar

Unipolar

Multipolar

Omnipolar

Has preventive war been a long standing part of American foreign policy?

b

Yes

No

Has supremacy been a long standing part of American foreign policy?

b

Yes

No

After which war did the United States assume its responsibilities as a world power?

b

The Civil War

World War II

World War I

The Spanish-American War

The United States accounts for what percentage of world spending on armaments?

a

Approximately one-half

About one-quarter

Nearly one-tenth

Just about three-quarters

Military spending since 2001 has increased by what percentage in the United States?

b

40 percent

More than 50 percent

0 percent

It has not increased; it has decreased

8

What has caused some to label the U.S. military a “broken force?”

a

Excessive troop commitments

It has not been labeled a broken force by anyone

Ideological opposition to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan

None of the above

Why was the Bush Doctrine an important element in the history of U.S. foreign policymaking?

c

It was actually not at all important

It was actually a domestic policy doctrine not a foreign one

It was the largest reassessment of U.S. foreign policy since the Truman administration

It was the largest reassessment of U.S. foreign policy since the first Bush administration

After independence, what was the doctrine of U.S. foreign policy as stated by George Washington?

C

Dependency

Independency

Neutrality

Idealism

During his two administrations, President Obama has been _____ .

C

more comfortable working to solve complex problems through force rather than through diplomacy

less comfortable working to solve complex problems through diplomacy rather than through force

more comfortable working to solve complex problems through diplomacy rather than through force

None of the above.

9

During the 2016 presidential campaign Donald Trump promised that he would ^___^.

B

negotiate a ceasefire with ISIS

restore torture to the national security took kit

engage in nationbuilding in Syria

all of the above

In 2016 Great Britain left the European Union as a result of ^__^.

A

a vote of the British public to exit the EU

a vote of the House of Commons to withdraw from the EU

a vote of the members a vote of the United of the EU to expel Nations to demand that Great Britain Great Britain leave

led the eventual collapse of Syria

reestablished diplomatic relations with Cuba

aggressively confronted the rise of ISIS

Multiple-Select Multiple Choice During his administration, Barack Obama’s foreign policy met which two of the following objectives?

B, D

True-False Idealists argue that democracy will naturally spread throughout the world without the action of individual nation-states.

FALSE

Realists are interested in promoting pan-national values and cooperation among states.

FALSE

10

negotiated a limit on Iran’s nuclear weapons program

The IMF monitors exchange rates.

The World Bank allows international corporations to keep their money beyond the national borders of their headquarters.

TRUE FALSE

Both neo-conservatives and idealists emphasize the importance of values as an underlying basis for U.S. foreign policy?

TRUE

Open Explain the arguments surrounding Executive Order 13440 and President Obama's "Ensuring Lawful Interrogations" executive order.

Explain the role of hard and soft power in American foreign policy.

Which is more important in the 21st century: Economic or military power?

Using evidence from the text, discuss how President Obama will/has employ/employed the military and economic powers of the United States to conduct foreign policy.

How did U.S. foreign policy develop during the cold war?

Discuss the evolution of the current multipolar international political economic environment.

Compare and contrast hard and soft power by arguing which one you favor as a guiding instrument of U.S. foreign policy. You may argue for the use of both; but, if you do so, make sure to acknowledge ways that the two kinds of power can conflict with each other. Be sure to include evidence drawn from the text.

Which foreign policy framework—realism, idealism, or neo-conservatism—do you agree with and why? Be sure to defend your answer with evidence drawn from the text.

How will/has President Obama be/been different or the same regarding international economic and social policy-making than President George W. Bush? Be sure to include evidence from the text in support of your answer to this question.

11

How will/has President Obama be/been different or the same regarding national security issues than President George W. Bush? Be sure to include evidence from the text when defending your answer to this question.

Why is world population such a major burden on development issues involving the United States?

Explicate the basic principles of the Bush Doctrine.

During the administration of George W. Bush torture was actively used by intelligence agencies in an attempt to obtain information to fight more effectively in the War on Terror. Yet, the information obtained turned out to be of minimal value. During his administration, Barack Obama significantly curtailed the use of torture in favor of other means to fight terror. Donald Trump has advocated the need to restore the use of torture to fight effectively against terror. What national interests and values would be served or harmed by official government use of torture? Are there other means to achieve the same objectives? Why or why not?

12