The 404 Book by Werther Vandenborre

The 404 Book Werther Vandenborre

The 404 Book

Preface

The 404 Book focuses on the concept error. Its objective is to enlighten the reader into my perception of errors in general, as well as the infamous 404 number. It intends to establish relationships between different kinds of errors, no matter how different or alike they appear to be. This book came to being as an assignment during my third bachelor graphic design at the Sint Lucas Institute in Antwerp, between October 2011 and May 2012. Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;d like to thank all teachers who were involved during the process for their useful feedback, challenging me to go the extra mile. Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;d also like to thank all friends and family, for their constant support. Werther Vandenborre May 2, 2012

Pre 404

404

Artists Appendix

Preface

Intro Pantography Microfilm Abstract Magnolia Neon Spam Google Translate The Amazing Criswell Explosions Clair de Lune Myotonia Congenita Costa Concordia Search Engines Race Crash

15 19 71 79 91 97 109 115 125 141 143 159 163 183

Intro 404 History and the CERN myth FTP & HTTP intro FTP HTTP 404 out of context

203 206 225 227 265 291

Intro Tauba Auerbach John Michael Boling Cai Guo-Qiang Evan Roth Larry Carlson James Howard References

331 334 344 356 366 376 386 395

Sourcelist

396

Colophon

399

Pre 44 12

404 404 13

Intro

At the start of the assignment, I didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t know what error to choose. So what I did was trying to think of as many errors I could, and documenting them on my blog. Throughout the year, I came up with the idea of using the number 404 to tie everything together. At first I just wanted to use the number only to decide how I was going to documentate all my errors; in a 404 page book. In the following section of the book you will see all those errors. Sometimes just plain research, sometimes graphic interpretations, paintings, posters, ... As youâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ll browse through the pages, youâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ll notice the diversity of errors. I wanted to show what error meant to me, and what comes to my mind when I think about error. You can see it as some sort of error diary.

Pantography

A pantograph is a drawing tool, made to manually enlarge images. The most rudimentary setup of a pantograph consists of four seperate arms, connected to one another by some sort of hinges, permitting the arms to move. Two holes are applied in two different arms; one for tracing, and one for the actual pen (or pencil or whatever material thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s being used to draw the new enlarged image). The whole system is based on parallelograms, where through the mechanical linkage system the image automatically enlarges when the original image is traced. Because a homemade pantograph isnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t very accurate, errors occur in the enlarged image, which results in a blurred, distorted endÂ result. I made my own pantograph, following an easy online tutorial. On the following pages you can see

the results of my attempts to enlarge some text. These attempts are followed by some photos of my own selfmade pantograph as well as some of how an ideal pantograph should look like. The last section of this chapter is a facsimile of Christophori Scheinerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Prattica del Parallelogrammo da disegnare. Scheiner was the actual inventor of the pantograph in 1603. He wrote several books on the system of the pantograph and the use of parallelograms in drawing, like in Prattica del Parallelogrammo da disegnare, written in 1653. The version shown in this book was digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011, with funding from the Research Library of The Getty Research Institute. The original title of the book where Scheiner explains the basics of the pantograph is Pantographice: sev, Ars delineandi res qvaslibet per parallelogrammvm lineare sev cavvm, 20

mechanicvm, mobile : libellis duobus explicata, & demonstrationibus geometricis illustrata: quorum prior epipedographicen, siue planorum, posterior stereographicen, seu solidorum aspectabilium viuam imitationem atque proiectionem edocet and can easily be found online. Source: http://www.archive.org/details/pratticadelparal00sche

Microfilm Abstract

During the research process on errors, I came across an interesting, although quite random image. It immediately appealed to me, through its ominous atmosphere, and impossibility to find anything on the origins of this photo. The only thing I was able to find out was its name: Microfilm Abstract. The title implies that the object in the image is in fact a microfilm, and that throughout the process of developing or scanning it some sort of error occurred.Because of this error, an abstract image emerged, hence the title. But thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s only my guess. Not sure knowing what to do with it, other than putting it in this book, I started painting it on canvas. On the next couple of pages you can see the actual image, and some photos of the painting itself.

Magnolia

In the 1999 film Magnolia by Paul Thomas Anderson, a quite unusual intro was used. Instead of a normal introduction of the characters, place and setting of the movie, a narrator tells three stories about very coincidental errors. As the three stories evolve, the spectator soon finds out that these (highly unlikely to happen) events are in fact urban legends. In fact, the discussion on whether these legends are in fact true or not is still a very hot topic on some dodgy internetforums. On the following pages each story is explained (accompanied by stills from the movie itself), followed by some of the reactions or so called â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;originsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; of the legends.

Greenberry Hill

— p.42–43

Sir Edmond Berry Godfrey was an English magistrate in the 17th century; In 1678 he became involved in a clash between catholics and anglicans caused by the claims of two corrupt english clergymen named Titus Oates and Israel Tonge. The pair announced that they had uncovered a “popish plot” to murder King Charles II of England and replace him with James, his roman catholic brother. In fact the “plot” was a part of a conspiracy to discredit catholics in England. Oates and Tonge appeared before Godfrey and asked him to take their oath that the papers they presented as evidence were based on truth. Godfrey demanded first to know the contents of the papers and then took their depositions on September 28th after receiving a copy. He probably warned one of his catholic acquaintances, Edward Coleman, of the content of the accusations. Oates’s accusations became shortly known and the public concerned. Godfrey has been supposed that he might be one of the victims of the scare. He disappeared on October the 12th 1678 and then was found dead on 17 October in a ditch on Primrose Hill, he was lying face down impaled with his own sword. Investigations didn’t arrive to satisfying conclusions, statements about Godfrey’s whereabouts before the murder where contradictory; there was no evidence of struggle and Godfrey still had his money and rings. the body was covered with bruises and a circular mark around Godfrey’s neck revealed that he had been strangled; and since the sword wound had not bled, it had been concluded that Godfrey was

already dead when he was impaled, probably for four or five days. Later Captain William Bedloe (a “reformed” catholic plotter as he named himself), related a few contradictory stories, in some of them he claimed that he had been taken on the night of 14 October to a house in which he saw the body of Godfrey and that he saw two men, including Samuel Atkins who managed to prove that he had been on a yacht at Greenwich at that time. Bedloe claimed that catholic plotters had killed Godfrey in order to steal his papers about the depositions (what would be pointless since the witnesses whose words had been recorded were still alive). The second man Bedloe claimed he had recognized was miles prance, catholic servant-in-ordinary, on 21 December, this last was arrested and imprisoned. his lodger (who was in debt to him), John Wren, testified that he had been away for the four nights before Godfrey’s body was discovered. Prance announced that he had had a part in the murder but that the main instigators were some catholic priests. Three of them would have witnessed the murder in the courtyard of the house where Godfrey had been lured. Godfrey would have been strangled and body taken to Hampstead. Prance named: Robert Green, Henry Berry and Lawrence Hill. Coincidentally, the place in which Godfrey was murdered was known at the time as “Greenberry Hill”! Prance later recanted his confession but as he was thrown back to prison he recanted his recantation causing the death of the three men who were hanged (ironic again) at Greenberry Hill.

It became manifest later that Green, Berry & Hill were executed on false evidence and prance pleaded guilty to perjury & the case remains officially unsolved. There have been many theories: Godfrey might either have been murdered by catholics, afraid that he knew some of their real secrets; by the anti-catholics because of his contacts to catholics and / or because he knew Oates was lying and / or because his death could easily and usefully be blamed on the catholics; some even claimed suicide either because Godfrey was in a quandary between catholics and anglicans or just because of his melancholy nature; l’Estrange (1687) claimed that his brothers would have concealed the evidence of his suicide lest his estate had been forfeit. Modern analysts John Dickson Carr (1936) and Hugh Ross Williamson (1955) analyzed the mentioned theories and their weak points and deduced that Godfrey was murdered by Philip Herbert, 7th Earl of Pembroke who took his revenge for having been prosecuted for murder some time earlier by Godfrey. The earl had been found guilty but a pardon from the House of Lords prevented him from an execution. source: http://weirdthingshappenalltime.blogspot. com/2007/11/mystery-of-greenberry-hill-sir-edmond. html

Reno Fire

— p.44–45

This will be quite the trick to type given a broken keyboard and dislocated shoulder. I have no “a” key and am having to cut and paste to get a.. so if you see a ‘v’ where an ‘a’ should be, just let it slide. As most of you know, I work for the Forest Service doing what can best be described as Flight Services and dispatch for the aircraft which fight the forest fires here (actually, wildfires in general). This means I get to play with lots of cool toys, and get to be around the helicopters and fixed-wings quite a bit. I’ve seen two versions of this Urban Legend. 1 where the diver gets scooped up by a helicopter, 1 where the diver is scooped by a fixed-wing water bomber. I’ll address both. Regarding the helicopter: Helibuckets (most commonly “Bambi buckets”) come in a variety of sizes depending on the lift capacity of the helicopter to be using it. The largest size is for helicopters such as the Sikorsky S-61. The opening of the bucket has a 1 foot ring, with 10 arms radiating out of it to the flexible bucket material. The rim of the bucket then has 8 straps which are attached to the sling which the helicopter uses to carry the bucket. The construction is such that there is no way you could fit a human, let alone a diver with scuba tank, bcd, and other equipment, into the bucket. So that is problem #1. You may be able to fit 10,000 gallons of water in it, but a person wouldn’t get through the top opening. Problem two with the bucket is the bottom opening. The bucket doesn’t open up its entire bottom to drop its load.

There is a solonoid valve which opens about a 6” X 6” opening in the bottom. -I’m going to digress here and tell you why this is so-. When fighting a fire from the air, you don’t want to drop the water as one big ‘package’ because it will fall through the burning trees and end up mostly on the forest floor. What you want is a ‘cloud’ of water to envelop an area (such as a tree). To get this ‘cloud’ the water is dropped through a smallish opening from several feet above the area targeted, and at a forward velocity of 10 or 20 KT/hr. This causes a spray of water to hit the area, and it is more spread out so it doesn’t just leak to the forest floor. I’ll try to post pics of the bucket, and the bucketing operation later today… done digression. “Okay,” you say. “You can’t get a diver in the bucket, but you certainly could get him tangled up in the bucket and have him become untangled over the fire.” Given the cost of aerial fire supression, one wants to get the maximum benefit from it. We use buckets on helicopters which essentially max-out their lift capacity when full of water. The addition of a 160 lb diver with about 70 lbs of equipment (230 lbs in total) would make lifting very very difficult for the chopper to do in addition to its water load. This would result in performance changes noticable to all but the most inept pilot. Further, when ‘dipping’ a bucket to pick up a water load, the pilot is watching the bucket VERY closely (through the descent, dip, and ascent). The reason is that a pilot really doesn’t want to snag something and crash his helicopter. Death is a powerful motivator. The pilot would see the diver, and probably simply eject his sling-line… There are further complications to the matter as well. Unless the fire is

extremely close to a lake large enough to dip in to, most of the time pilots simply dip into beaver dams. They are deep.. they are ubiquitous.. Most divers display the red flag with the diagonal white stripe when diving so that boaters, etc. know they are beneath the surface. This would be noticed. On to the water bombers: This is quite easy to debunk (hence why it is generally the lesser circulated version). The water bombers which actually ‘scoop’ from lakes are built here in Canada by Bombardier (that’s pronounced Bom Bard eeeyay, not bom-ba-deer). The are the CL-215 and CL-415 series. The intakes for the water on these bad-boys are very, very small. There are two of them, and they are each about 4 inches by 10 inches. You couldn’t get a diver into one. Further, they have a grille over them consisting of spaces about 1.5 inches by 1.5 inches. The only way you’d get a diver in one is if you first put him in a large blender. -I’ll put up some pics of these intakes soon, too. The very last type of aerial water delivery aircraft are “helitankers” these are choppers with a fixed tank built into them which suck water through a hose we call a “Donkey dick” (it looks like one). The hose opening is a couple of inches in diameter and sucks up water though a pump, so you’d have to have a very very small diver who could make it through the hose *and* the pump. Certainly if such a diver were found (he’d have to be smaller than an inch) there would have been much talk of it in the scientific community: “Smurfs live” would be the headline. source: http://web.archive.org/web/20020205165329/ http://www.angelfire.com/wa2/rosadebon/deb_scuba. htm At the 1994 annual awards dinner given

L.A. Homi/suicide

— p.44–45

At the 1994 annual awards dinner given for Forensic Science, AAFS president Dr. Don Harper Mills astounded his audience with the legal complications of a bizarre death. Now here is the story: On March 23, 1994 the medical examiner viewed the body of Ronald Opus and concluded that he died from a shotgun wound to the head. Mr. Opus had jumped from the top of a tenstory building intending to commit suicide. He left a note to that effect indicating his despondency. As he fell past the ninth floor his life was interrupted by a shotgun blast passing through a window which killed him instantly. Neither the shooter nor the decedent was aware that a safety net had been installed just below at the eighth floor level to protect some building workers and that Ronald Opus would not have been able to complete his suicide the way he had planned. Ordinarily, Dr. Mills continued, a person who sets out to commit suicide and ultimately succeeds, even though the mechanism might not be what he intended, is still defined as committing suicide. That Mr. Opus was shot on the way to certain death, but probably would not have been successful because of the safety net, caused the medical examiner to feel that he had a homicide on his hands. An elderly man and his wife occupied the room on the ninth floor, whence the shotgun blast emanated from. They were arguing vigorously and he was threatening her with a shotgun. The man was so upset that when he pulled the trigger he completely missed his wife and the pellets went through the window, striking Mr. Opus.

When one intends to kill subject’ A’ but kills subject ‘B’ in the attempt, one is guilty of the murder of subject ‘B’. When confronted with the murder charge the old man and his wife were both adamant. They both said they thought the shotgun was unloaded. The old man said it was his long-standing habit to threaten his wife with the unloaded shotgun. He had no intention to murder her. Therefore, the killing of Mr.Opus appeared to be an accident; that is, the gun had been accidentally loaded. The continuing investigation turned up a witness who saw the old couple’s son loading the shotgun about six weeks prior to the fatal accident. It transpired that the old lady had cut off her son’s financial support and the son, knowing the propensity of his father to use the shotgun threateningly, loaded the gun with the expectation that his father would shoot his mother. So the case now becomes one of murder on the part of the son for the death of Ronald Opus. Now comes the exquisite twist. Further investigation revealed that the son was, in fact, Ronald Opus. He had become increasingly despondent over the failure of his attempt to engineer his mother’s murder. This led him to jump off the ten-story building on March 23rd, only to be killed by a shotgun blast passing through the ninth story window. The son had actually murdered himself, so the medical examiner closed the case as a suicide. (A true story from A.P., reported by Kurt Westervelt) source: http://www.truthorfiction.com/rumors/r/ronaldopus.htm

Neon

While driving down the A12 motorway (Antwerp – Brussels) at night, passing by the Smart Center (Wilrijk), I noticed a defect on the car-tower: one particular neonlight wasn’t working. In stead of the word SMART, only ART was lit up. After some quick research on everybody’s favourite Google Images, there were some similar, and in most cases funnier examples. On the next two pages are some looked up images from the internet, followed by the blurry photo I took of the Smart tower.

Spam

Another idea I had came from all the daily spam in my mailbox. How old email addresses (or even current ones that are still in use) get hacked, and phony emails get sent by the hacker. And since the sender is in your contact list, they still get through to your mailbox. I wanted to simulate one of those crappy emails. But instead of using the typical mails like “Hey, I’ve just found an amazing picture of us, check it at this link”, I just sent the word “ERROR” to my entire contact list (I’ve filtered some addresses out), risking my email-address will also end up in the spam-bin of all my accounts.

This is the e-mail I sent:

Immediately after sending the email, it became clear a lot of email addresses in my account list were out of use:

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Only a few of many replied. Some didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t understand what was going on, but others saw it as an opportunity to start a conversation (which was pretty nice actually since I hadnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t seen/spoken to these people for a long time).

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Apparently it wasn’t that good of an idea to send fake spam emails; hotmail thinks I’m suspicious and blocked my account… Gladly I was able to reset it.

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no error here. hope you are fine! i am in london since sept btw, studying animation, finally. ;) all the best mirjam wat bedoel je? error? probleem met iets? x what? wtf? 104

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AND

E TO YOU

ERROR U

Google Translate

Inspired by the image on the left, I wanted to do something with Google Translate. So I decided to copy the text explaining 404 on the Dutch Wikipedia, and keep on translating from Dutch to another language, take that translation and translate it again to yet another language, and so on, using every language you can use on Google Translate. And then back to Dutch. Well, kind of Dutch.

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Google Translated to:

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Albanian, Arabic, Armenian, Azerbaijani, Basque, Bulgarian, Catalan, Chinese (traditional), Chinese (simplified), Danish, German, English, Estonian, Finnish, French, Galician, Georgian, Gujanti, Haitian Creole,

Hebrew, Hindu, Hungarian, Irish, Icelandic, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Yiddisch, Korean, Croatian, Latin, Latvian, Lithuanian, Macedonian, Malay, Maltese, Norwegian, Ukranian, Persian,

Polish, Portugese, Romanian, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovenian, Spanish, Swahili, Tagalog, Tamil, Thai, Czech, Turkish, Urdu, Vietnamese, Welsh, Byelorussian and Swedish.

The original text, with the result on the next page:

“De foutmelding Error 404 of Not Found (niet gevonden) is een van de HTTP-statuscodes. Door linkrot, het fenomeen waarbij aangeklikte links niet meer werken, verschijnt deze foutmelding op het computerscherm. Sommige webhostingproviders laten de mensen (met hun gebruikersaccount) hun eigen 404-pagina’s maken.”

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404 - Wrong dan, als een of een goede HTTP-fout () vanArmeniĂŤ, 404 onderste 112

(geen) en directeur e belasting ) , eunt hen. 113

The Amazing Criswell

Jerome Criswell, better known as The Amazing Criswell, made predictions in the sixties. He was a very flamboyant figure, appealing to the masses with his sometimes crazy predictions. I came across him while watching the 1994 Tim Burton movie Ed Wood. While watching the documentary, it crossed my mind that in fact predictions of the future are very often false, making them errors. So I did some research on the man. On the following pages youâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ll find some more info about this eccentric figure, as well as his typical opening monologue for each of his shows and appearances.

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Who was Criswell? Known by his stage-name The Amazing Criswell, he was famous for his wildly inaccurate predictions. Criswell, was born Jerome King Criswell, on Sunday, August 18th, 1907, in Princeton, Indiana. Criswell went to high school, and did some newspaper work for the local paper; later he attended the University of Cincinnati, studying at the Conservatory of Music. Criswell returned to newspaper work, and made more and more predictions, having his forecasts printed in more and more papers. Over the years, an everincreasing number of people followed his syndicated columns. Criswell married an eccentric former speak-easy dancer, named Halo Meadows (she appeared on an episode of "You Bet Your Life" with Groucho Marx). His wife spent a great deal of time sunbathing; she also had a poodle named "Buttercup" which she was convinced was the reincarnation of her cousin Thomas. Criswell was longtime friends with actress Mae West, once predicting her impending rise to the position of President of the United States, whereupon she, Criswell and George Liberace, the brother of showman Liberace, would ride a rocket to the moon. West used Criswell as her personal psychic, as well as lavishing him with gifts of home-cooked food, dropped off via chauffeur. Additionally, West was known to sell Criswell her old luxury cars for $5. For her 1955 album The Fabulous Mae West, she recorded a song about the psychic, titled, appropriately enough, "Criswell Predicts." Criswell was a flamboyant figure,

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best remembered for his spit-curled hair, his stentorian speaking style, and his sequined tuxedo. He was the possessor of a coffin, in which he claimed to sleep. 87% of Criswell's predictions have come true! (The ones he reminds you of.) Whereas it is true Criswell made the amazing forecast (on the Jack Paar TV special, March 10, 1963): "I predict that President Kennedy will not run for reelection in 1964, because of something that will happen to him in November 1963" â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Criswell also predicted... the destruction of Denver, shifting polar caps, Castro's assassination, and the End of the World. As Criswell's fame grew, he appeared a number of times on Johnny Carson's "Tonight Show"; on December 31, 1965, Criswell predicted that Ronald Reagan would be California's next Governor. Criswell's predictions were nationally syndicated. Additionally, the psychic appeared on the television show Criswell Predicts on KCOP Channel 13 in Los Angeles, as well as being kinescoped for syndication on other television stations. Criswell's announcer, Bob Shields, would eventually be the announcer on Divorce Court. Criswell was notorious for wearing his heavy pancake makeup outside the studio. Criswell was almost 50 when he associated with Ed Wood, however this did not (as some believe) do much to further his reputation. Criswell played "Himself" in Ed's movie "Plan 9 from Outer Space" providing predictions at the beginning and end of the movie and narration; however, even though the movie was filmed in 1956, it wasn't released until 1958. His next venture with Ed Wood fared even worse; even though Criswell had a bigger part in

"Night of the Ghouls" (1959), Ed Wood was so broke he couldn't pay the lab to develop his film-- it wasn't until 1983 (after both Criswell and Ed were dead) that entrepreneur Wade Williams paid a 24-year-old lab bill, and the movie was finally released. Criswell's 3rd movie with Ed Wood, "Orgy of the Dead" (1965), saw Criswell play the "Emperor of the Dead". This movie provided Criswell with the most screen time, and the film was actually released. In 1968, Criswell wrote his first book: “Criswell Predicts: From Now To The Year 2000!”; this book was Criswell’s “Journal of the Future”. It contained hundreds of predictions covering the next 30 years. Readers were asked to “keep score” on the accuracy of his predictions— until, as Criswell predicted, August 1999, “after which it will not matter.” His second book “Criswell Predicts Your Next Ten Years!” was released in 1969. “Why should you feel lonely when you have a trillion counterparts?” Criswell admonishes the reader in his foreword to Your Next Ten Years. “Do the other trillion feel as lonely as you? Are you fair to them?” This work is a combination of fashion tips, financial forecasts, amazing labor-saving devices, spicy gossip and gloomy tales of impending social collapse. In 1972 Criswell released his 3rd and final book “Criswell’s Forbidden Predictions: Based on Nostradamus and the Tarot”. Around 1970 Criswell released “The Legendary Criswell Predicts! Your Incredible Future” from Horoscope records. This rare vinyl record album contained many scarifying predictions. Including: “I predict the day of severity in dress will soon be at hand, almost

Puritanical in style, with no beads, no jangles, no bracelets. Men and women will wear exactly the same makeup, the same style of hair dress, and, if required, the same type of wig. I was not allowed to say on television, radio, or have it appear in my column, as the advertisers would clomp down on me, and clomp very heavily.” He was portrayed by actor Jeffrey Jones in the biopic Ed Wood (1994), in which it is suggested that Criswell was simply a showman and never claimed to be a real psychic. However, those who knew him, such as actress and fellow Plan 9 alumna Maila Nurmi (“Vampira”), have disputed this. Also, according to writer Charles A. Coulombe, whose family rented an apartment from the psychic, Criswell told Coulombe’s father “[I] had the gift, but … lost it when I started taking money for it.” Whereas the End of the World did not occur in 1999 as he had predicted, Criswell left our world at age 75 on Monday, October 4, 1982. He had no known survivors besides his estranged wife Halo Meadows. He was cremated October 7th, and interred at Pierce Brothers Valhalla Memorial Park, North Hollywood, in the Niches of Remembrance, F-10, Space 2. source: http://www.criswellpredicts.com/criswell.htm

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I Predict Thatâ&#x20AC;Ś

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â&#x20AC;&#x153;Greetings, my friends. We are all interested in the future, for that is where you and I are going to spend the rest of our lives. You are interested in the unknown... the mysterious. The unexplainable. That is why you are here. And now, for the first time, we are bringing to you, the full story of what happened 120

on that fateful day. We are bringing you all the evidence, based only on the secret testimony, of the miserable souls, who survived this terrifying ordeal. The inciÂ dents, the places. My friend, we cannot keep this a secret any longer. Let us punish the guilty. Let us reward the innocent.â&#x20AC;?

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â&#x20AC;&#x153;Greetings, my friends. We are all interested in the fu ture, for that is where you and I are going to spend the rest of our lives. You are interested in the unknown... the mysterious. The unexplainable. That is why you are here. And now, for the f st time, we are bringing to you, the full story of what happened 122

on that fateful day. We are bringing you all the evidence, based only on the secret testimony, of the miserable sou ho sur vived this terrifying ordeal. The incidents, the places. My friend, we cannot keep this a secret any longer. Let us punish the guilty. Let us reward the innocent.â&#x20AC;?

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Explosions

Explosions can also be seen as errors, where the error lies in the fact that due to something that might have gone wrong, it exploded. While browsing the internet, I came across a Chinese artist, called Cai Guo-Qiang. One of his artworks is called Black Ceremony, which actu ally are fireworks, but only to be seen or used in the daytime. He uses all sorts of explosive devices to create complex shapes and colors in the sky. Fireworks can as a matter of fact be seen as some sort of controlled errors; since as I stated that explosions are in fact a sort of error, and fireworks only can explode when lit. Here’s a short explanatory text on Black Ceremony taken from the artist’s website: Black Ceremony, a progression of ten different scenes exploring themes of death and homecoming, exploded

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over a vast stretch of open land near Mathaf on Monday, December 5. The explosion event appeared like drops of ink splattered across the sky, instantaneously creating black blossoms, followed by thunderous noise. 8,300 shells embedded with computer microchips were ignited to form a black pyramid that stands above the earth, as if a wordless tombstone. Black Ceremony took place near the museum and was open to the public. Video of Black Ceremony is presented as part of the exhibition, alongside six other videos of previous explosion events. Source: http://www.caiguoqiang.com/projects/black-ceremony-0

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Upon browsing through all my previous shenanigans I did while experimenting with Adobe Illustrator, I stumbled upon my own graphic interpretation of explosions. In addition to this subject, I made a few new ones, and tried out some more combinations. On the opposing page on the right you can see the base shapes used to create the graphic explosions that can be seen on the following spreads.

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Clair de Lune Claude Debussy Piano: Werther Vandenborre

Clair de Lune

As an intermezzo from all the error research during the Christmas holidays, I tried teaching myself to play "Clair de Lune" by Claude Debussy. I have a piano, but I was never taught how to play it. I found a very helpful tutorial on YouTube, although I quite quickly gave up; my hands couldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t handle the quick chord changes. Although after a couple of hours I managed to play until the big chords at around 0:44. You can also watch it, and hear me sighing and moaning (and playing the wrong notes) on the DVD.

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Myotonia Congenita

I came across this disease quite coincidental; while I was watching some online videos on wimp.com, I saw a video about some goats who fell over for no apparent reason. The title of the video was Myotonia Congenita, so I googled it, and apparently itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a medical condition where the muscles stiffen up, causing the animal (or person) to fall down. Below is the (more technical) explanation of the condition from Wikipedia. Congenital myotonia (also myotonia congenita) is a genetic, neuromuscular channelopathy that affects skeletal muscles (muscles used for movement). It is congenital, meaning that it is present from birth. Amongst other problems, it causes delayed relaxation of the muscles (myotonia) and rigidity. The disorder is caused by mutations in the part of an ion channel gene responsible

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for shutting off electrical excitation in the muscles, causing muscle fiber membranes to have an unusually exaggerated response to stimulation (hyperexcitability). Symptoms include delayed relaxation of the muscles after voluntary contraction (myotonia), and may also include stiffness, hypertrophy (enlargement), sluggishness of the muscles, transient weakness in some mutations, pain, and cramping. The disorder is caused by a genetic mutation involving the chloride channel of the muscles. The prolonged muscle contractions, which occur most commonly in the leg muscles in recessive mutations, and more commonly in the hands, face, and eyelids in dominant mutations, are often enhanced by cold and inactivity, and in some forms is relieved by repetitive movement known as "the warm up effect". The warm up effect often diminishes quickly with rest. Some individuals with myotonia congenita are prone 144

to falling as a result of hasty movements or an inability to stabilize themselves after a loss of balance. During a fall, a person with myotonia congenita may experience partial or complete rigid paralysis that will quickly resolve once the event is over. However, a fall into cold water may render the person unable to move for the duration of submergence. As with myotonic goats, children are more prone to falling than adults, due to their impulsivity. The two major types of myotonia congenita are known as Thomsen disease and Becker type myotonia congenita, the latter sometimes being called "generalized myotonia congenita". These diseases are distinguished by the severity of their symptoms and their patterns of inheritance. Becker disease usually appears later in childhood than Thomsen disease and causes more severe myotonia, muscle stiffness and pain. People with Becker disease often 145

experience temporary attacks of muscle weakness, particularly in the arms and hands, brought on by movement after periods of rest. They may also develop mild, permanent muscle weakness over time. This muscle weakness is not seen in people with Thomsen disease. However, in recent times, as more and more of the individual mutations that cause myotonia congenita are identified, these limited disease classifications are becoming less widely used. This disorder has high phenotype variability. Severity of symptoms can vary greatly between individuals and throughout the life of the individuals themselves. Part of this may be because there are over 80 different mutations that can cause the disorder, each with their own specifics, and also because myotonia congenita is an ion channel disorder, and ion channels are sensitive to internal and external environmental factors.

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Adrenaline/epinephrine is well known to make myotonia worse in most individuals with the disorder, and a person with myotonia congenita may experience a sudden increase in difficulty with mobility in a particularly stressful situation during which adrenaline is released. Due to the invisible nature of the disorder, the fact that those with myotonia congenita often appear very fit and able bodied, general lack of knowledge about the disorder by the general and medical community, and oftentimes by the individual themselves, and the potential for inconsistency with the symptoms, many people with myotonia congenita have experienced a degree of social persecution at one time or another because of the effects of their disorder. Some form of myotonia congenita is estimated to affect 1 in 100,000 people worldwide. Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myotonia_congenita

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Upon doing some further research, I found a website about the disease (myotoniacongenita.com), where I found two short documentaries, and a script outline for another, more extensive documentary, called All the Worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a Stage. On the next couple of pages youâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ll find some movie stills of the two short documentaries, as well as the script outline.

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MYOTONIA DOCUMENTARY OUTLINE Proposed title “All the World’s a Stage” (from Shakespeare’s As You Like It)

I. Introduction: A. Caption with lines from Shakespeare’s As You Like It: 1. “All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players.” B. Pictures of “perfect” people -- models, celebrities, sports stars flash up on the screen with fast Paced music. Narration about how everyone wants to be a star. C. Pictures of perfect people caught in embarrassing moments—Runway models who trip and fall Down in front of magazine editors and photographers? Athletes who trip or fumble during a crucial play? D. Interviewer asks different people with Myotonia who will appear in documentary about embarrassing moments when they have fallen over or couldn’t move. These people include: Nurse, attorney, athletic trainer, person in England, person in Africa, person in India, person in Asia, doctor and body builder.

II. Fainting Goat scene: A. Talking to goat farmer B. Witnessing goats fall over

III. Body builder A. In locker room. Narration about bodybuilder’s career B. On stage. 1. Event announcers mention bodybuilder has Myotonia 2. General narration about Myotonia a. How many people are affected by it. b. What countries have the highest concentration of people with Myotonia. C. In gym pumping iron – Bodybuilder’s arms lock up on bench press and spotter has to jump in and help him. 1. Discuss challenge of working out with Myotonia. Bodybuilder says, “Its difficult at times, but it’s what I wanted to do.” 2. Discuss diet and what foods increase stiffness. 3. Discuss increased levels of pain associated with disease.

IV. Scientific explanation of disease A. Doctor with Myotonia explains disease—but doesn’t mention he has it B. Illustrated diagrams explaining how most muscles work C. Illlustrated diagrams explaining how

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Myotonia muscles work—ties in with foods mentioned in previous scene. D. Info regarding the fact that symptoms, manifestations, severity, etc., vary wildly from person to person, making it even harder to really document its effects.

V. NURSE A. Camera follows nurse through hospital and witnesses her working with patients B. Interview with nurse where she tells about her Myotonia 1. Go back to shots of her working with same patients—talking, smiling, lifting things, etc. a. Narration from her interview as she talks about some of the challenges of the job responding to a code blue or code red, trying to catch a patient who is falling, putting in an IV if your hands aren’t ‘warmed up’… b. Discusses level of pain and discomfort caused by disease. c. Scene ends with interviewer asking her if she has told anyone at hospital—she answers no or only a few. She doesn’t tell any of her patients. C. Interviews with other nurses in hospital 1. One nurse, “yeah she told me she has it.” Shows look of concern for the camera. 2. Other nurse says, “that’s what she says—I don’t see it, but that’s what she says.”

VI. Court Jester—Attorney

A. Attorney in court presenting his argument to jury 1. Attorney gets out of chair and walks stiff legged up to the jury—makes a joke B. Interviewer asks him what it’s like having Myotonia and having to go up in front of a jury 1. Attorney discusses court jester a. Pictures of court jesters in illustrated paintings. b. Problem of appearing inconsistent in front of jury. Sometimes I get up fine, other times I am stiff. Sometimes they look at me like what is wrong with this guy. I wonder if I am hurting my clients case by not hiding it. c. In the original court, literally “court” of the kingdom, the court jester was the only person who was allowed to talk back to the king, but that person would have to dress up in a funny costume, wear a hat and speak in riddles. They were usually very intelligent people and provided advice to the king, but because they were not descended from royalty they had to wear the funny hat and tell jokes. Meanwhile the village idiot got to wear the crown. That’s often how I feel. Like I’m the only one that really knows what’s going on, but I “wear my costume,” so to speak and make jokes to make others feel comfortable with the fact that I walk fine one moment and then walk stiff the next moment. d. Like many major stressors, getting up in front of audience (court, classroom, stage, etc.) causes secretion of adrenalin, which not only causes limbs to get stiff and/or wobbly, but also affects facial muscles, including tongue, so that speaking can be more difficult, and sound garbled or slurred.

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VII. Mom with kids A. Interviewer asks her how many kids she has and how many have Myotonia. B. Interviewer asks how it was for her growing up 1. Talks about having to hide disability 2. Talks about stalling or waiting till no one was around to go up steps 3. Talks about how people thought she was weird or goofy. 4. Talks about being a woman and having large leg muscles. C. Interviewer asks does she worry about her kids. She says no, because she has learned to deal with it, and she can teach her kids how to deal with it. It has made her stronger. She feels bad for those who have parents that don’t know how to deal with it.

VIII. Athletic Trainer A. Training someone in a work out B. Talks about large leg muscles C. Talks about unusual muscle development and how looks can be deceiving D. Talks about how disease can be hidden by doing isometric exercises in a chair before moving, which doesn’t always work, because sometimes it increases your self-consciousness and anxiety, and it gets even worse. E. Talk about pain associated with muscle disease and how the medical community

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disregards this.

IX. Fainting Goats A. Shots of cute goats playing with kids B. Interviewer asks goat farmer how many times the goats fall over each day 1. Goat farmer responds, “Well, about as many times as they try to run.” 2. Interviewer says, “And they just keep on getting up and doing it all over again?” 3. Goat farmer responds, “Yeah, they are just used to it I guess.” C. Farmer comes out of barn again with some feed. Goats run up to him and don’t fall.

X. Doctor of Neurology A. Same doctor as before talks about why muscles stop stiffening up after they are warmed up. 1. Muscles start out utilizing one chemical process where the chloride channels are blocked. 2. Muscles move into second chemical process where chloride channels work more effectively. 3. Doctor also talks about how intense the stiffening and weakness is AFTER you work out or do heavy lifting. B. Interviewer asks doctor how many patients he has that have Myotonia. 1. Doctor reveals how many people he sees. 2. Doctor reveals how many people have Myotonia throughout the world and how rare it is. 3. Doctor speaks about how much mis-

information is out there in the medical community about Myotonia. How few doctors really know the true facts about the condition, and how few doctors ever get to see a patient with Myotonia. C. Interviewer asks doctor, what brought him to study Myotonia 1. Doctor reveals that he has Myotonia (there is a doctor like this.) D. Doctor gives a little history of his life 1. Pictures of him as a kid a. Tells story of parents, family, origins 2. Pictures of him playing sports a. Stories of difficulty, but he did it 3. Pictures of him as a resident 4. Shot of his diploma E. Interviewer asks what’s the most difficult thing about living with Myotonia 1. Doctor responds the social aspects, because you have the ability to hide your disease and that’s what society demands of you. 2. Doctor remarks that just getting a proper diagnosis of Myotonia is difficult.

XI. Difficulty getting diagnosis A. Nurse, attorney, athletic trainer, person in England, person in Africa, person in India, person in Asia, doctor and body builder all give personal stories about the different diagnosis they have been given. B. People talk about the fear associated with having something that it seems like the medical community really doesn’t know much about or care much about –

it’s not exciting or glamorous enough) 1. Rarity of the condition C. People talk about Myotonia often being confused with behavior oriented issues 1. Laziness 2. Drugs 3. Mental Illness 4. Clumsiness/awkwardness 5. “overweight” –“ those aren’t big muscles – you’re just fat – exercise more, and diet.”

XII. Mother with kids A. Interviewer picks up on conversation they had before 1. So what are you going to tell your kids that you learned growing up with Myotonia? 2. Mom responds, “be yourself, just be yourself. I mean there’s nothing they can do about it. There’s nothing anybody can do about who they are, you just have to accept who you are and make the most out of what God gave you.” 3. What kind of pressure do you think society puts on kids with Myotonia? 4. Mom responds, “Extreme pressure, imagine having to walk stiff legged in front of your classmates one minute, knowing that in another minute you are going to be walking just fine. All those other kids are going to be questioning if you’re faking it trying to get pity, on drugs, just weird, etc.—especially when you have muscles that look like you work out several hours each day.” (Terrible fear of being laughed at, teased, taunted – you know you could fall over at any time – especially if you play in a group and try to run or skip, etc… Tag, Hide & Seek, etc – terrifying games because “Tag, you’re it” means you have to

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immediately run and chase and tag someone else – but you can’t move)!

XIII. Is there anything people can learn from people with Myotonia A. People with Myotonia are given two choices 1. Do you hide who you are? 2. Do you accept who you are and allow people to see who you are? B. Courage involved in taking the second option C. Freedom involved in taking the second option 1. Doctor—because of how few people know about Myotonia, the thing that makes Myotonia stand apart from most diseases is that with lots of effort, effort that often makes living extremely unrewarding—people with Myotonia can hide from others many symptoms of the disease. Hiding it doesn’t mean people don’t notice something weird – they just can’t quite figure out what it is, and therefore just figure you’re kind of quirky, and klutzy. So your reward is you won’t get any nasty looks, but then again no one will take you seriously. 2. While it is human nature to want to hide the qualities that society deems as less desirable, what people with Myotonia have to do to hide their condition is not worth any reward that can come from appearing as “normal.” a. It is extremely exhausting to keep one’s

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muscles in a “warmed up state.” b. It is very stressful to be constantly trying to anticipate the next moment when one will be called upon to appear as “normal.” 3. Because of how difficult it is to explain to people why one walks stiff one moment and then appears to be fine the next moment, people with Myotonia not only have to deal with the embarrassment of walking stiff, falling over, tripping and losing balance, talking funny, choking on food, having your face “stick” when you yawn or sneeze or blink, or, especially and VERY diagnostic – not being able to let go when you shake someone’s hand – ( THIS is a signature telltale sign!!), but they also have to endure the added criticism that comes with appearing inconsistent. 4. To be able to accept this about oneself, hold one’s head up high and not worry about other people’s judgments requires an incredible amount of strength, love of oneself (or resignation) and acceptance of others’ imperfections. 5. Chekov wrote, “There are a great many opinions in this world, and at least a good half of them are professed by those who have never been in trouble.” If we cannot accept others’ inadequacies, we will never be able to accept our own.

XIV. Individual stories and similarities of people with Myotonia across the world. A. Interviewer reveals that each of these people he has been interviewing live in different parts of the world. 1. Asks each person what they think people

in their country think about Myotonia. 2. Asks individuals on the street if they have ever heard about it. 3. Interviewer asks people on the street and what they think about Myotonia.

XV. You canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t take yourself too seriouslyâ&#x20AC;&#x201D; Laughter is the best medicine A. All of the people in the documentary are at the goat farm, and they all run with the goats. Then the people and the goats all fall over. Source: http://www.myotoniacongenita.org/MC%20 Outline.pdf Video Source: http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=llmgLi_cJjA

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Costa Concordia

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Search Engines

Search engines have always fascinated me; how when you have to look up something very specific, you’ll find thousands of websites, but none of them contain the actual information you need. In this chapter, I want to show how ‘accurate’ search engines are, by looking up the word error on Google, YouTube and Bing. I used the first 50 results to make little graphs out of them, showcasing the amount of the word error came up on the website. For YouTube I used the same approach, with the exceptance that I watched every single movie, and counted every time the word error was spoken. Some of the results didn't even contain the word "error" on the webpage. Every result in the list consists of its rank, how many times error is mentioned on the page, and the URL.

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Google (30/01/2012 - 20h34)

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1. Error 404 - Wikipedia (4) nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error_404

15. Geen error 404 pagina bij Google? - Usability blog (6) usability-blog.be

2. @@ERROR (62) msdn.microsoft.com/en.../aa933181(v=sql.80).as...

16. Trial-and-error - Wikipedia (6) nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trial-and-error

3.ERROR 1 WELCOMES YOU - ACTUEEL (23) www.errorone.be/

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4. Atom Smasher’s Error Generator (3)

www.longtailvideo.com/.../jw-fl...

atom.smasher.org/error/

5. System Error Codes (70) msdn.microsoft.com/.../ms681381(v=vs.85).aspx

6. Error - Wikipedia, free encyclopedia (89) en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error

7.ERRORS | Free Music, Photos, Videos (2) www.myspace.com/weareerrors

18. Install error - iCulture forum | iPhone, iPad, iPod touch, Apple ... (0) forum.iculture.nl

19. Error - search.cpan.org (117) search.cpan.org/perldoc?Error

20. Error 1722. Er is een probleem met dit Windows Installer-pakket. (2) java.com/nl/download/help/error_1722.xml

8. Geef zin aan je 404-error pagina | Usability Vlaanderen (21) www.usability-vlaanderen.com

9. Error 404 en SEO (9) www.siteoptimo.com/blog/404-en-seo/

10. Error codes Dutch (19) integration.klarna.com/en/testing/errorcodes/dutch

21. Macros (3) www.autoitscript.com/autoit3/docs/macros.htm

22. Error 404 - aps.vlaanderen.be (0) aps.vlaanderen.be/

23. Blackberryforums.be • View topic - Error 543/507 (10) www.blackberryforums.be/viewtopic.php?f=8&t=30

11. Error - MDN (73) https://developer.mozilla.org/en/JavaScript/Reference/ Global.../Error

12. Error Page (4) https://buy.b-rail.be/eTicketing/ETicketOrdering/welcomePage.jsp

13. trial and error (Definitie van) (8) www.encyclo.nl/begrip/trial%20and%20error

14. Error! Error! : Awesome. Gewoon awesome. (2) www.error-error.com/

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24. System Error (0) www.system-error.nl/

25. .error() – jQuery API (37) api.jquery.com

26. error - Vertaling Engels-Nederlands (40) www.mijnwoordenboek.nl/vertaal/EN/NL/error

27. Error messages - Nucleus Helpdesk (5) helpdesk.nucleus.be/nl/.../nucleus-online-backup-foutboodschappen...

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39. 9.2 Exceptions (157)

error-broadcast.com/

docs.racket-lang.org/reference/exns.html

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strangeplaces.net/weirdthings/haiku.html

twitter.com/hetvraagteken

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www.homestarrunner.com/systemisdown.html

errorlevelanalysis.com/

31. Google 404 Error nginx (3)

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www.bits4kmo.be/laatste-nieuws/.../79-google-404-

www.whatismyip.be/error-codes.php

error-nginx.html

32. Regret the Error (1) www.regrettheerror.com/

33. 500 Internal Server Error webhost One. com Drupal 7 | Drupal België ... (4) drupal.be/forum/500-internal-server-error-webhost-

43. SANS: CWE/SANS TOP 25 Most Dangerous Software Errors (29) www.sans.org/top25-software-er...

44. error - Nederlandse vertaling - bab.la Engels-Nederlands ... (63) nl.bab.la

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thesaurus.com/browse/error

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nl.community.belgacom.be/posts/7d3d78a1b9

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thenextweb.com/.../apples-ios-5-upgrade-servers-...

onecom-drupal-7

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php.net/manual/en/function.error-reporting.php

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Bing (02/02/2012 - 01h43)

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1. Error 404 - Wikipedia (4)

14. GTA IV Error - Minatica.be (15)

nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error_404

www.minatica.be/threads/58350-GTA-IV-Error

2. Error! Error! : Awesome. Gewoon awesome. (0)

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www.error-error.com

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www.error-error.com/?p=7332

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www.pctuts.be/f328/cmos-checksum-error-35235

www.errorone.be

18. error nr 302 (12) 5. Error - Wikipedia, free encyclopedia (89)

www.oplossing.be/index.php?topic=34768.0

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error

6. Error | Define Error at Dictionary.com (49)

19. error - the definition you can understand (16)

dictionary.reference.com/browse/error

www.yourdictionary.com/error

7. error - definition of error by the… (104)

20. error 651 (6)

www.thefreedictionary.com/error

www.oplossing.be/index.php?topic=36455.0

8. Tracking error - Wikipedia (12)

21. Ærror’s WoW Site | De leukste en gezelligste nederlandse casual ... (3)

nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracking_error

www.guild-error.com

9. Thread Application error 523 | Blackberryforums.be ... (28)

22. [OPGELOST] Runtime,Error (16)

http://boardreader.com/thread/Application_

www.pc-helpforum.be/opgelost-runtime-error-15305

error_523_14wuzX1n.html

23. Error (0) 10. U stuit mogelijk op tijdelijke aan de verbinding gerelateerde ... (33)

www.bsdeeikwellen.be

support.microsoft.com/kb/836941/nl

24. [OPGELOST] error 619 (9) www.pc-helpforum.be/f188/error-619-a-12196

11. ERROR (62) msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/a(v=SQL.80).aspx

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12. Thread error 523 | Blackberryforums.be ... (31) boardreader.com/thread/error_523_14w9nX6d.html

26. PLAYSTATION 3 Error Codes - PlayStation Forum (49) community.eu.playstation.com/t5/Technische-hulp-en-

13. Error ‘KERNEL_STACK_INPAGE ... (4) support.microsoft.com/kb/228753/nl

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Advies/PLAYSTATION-3-Error-Codes/td...

27. Syntax Error (2)

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www.syntaxerror.nl

www.errorteam.be

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42. Error (3)

api.jquery.com/error

error.newgrounds.com

29. Wat Nou Error (0)

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www.watnouerror.nl

en.wiktionary.org/wiki/error

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www.pctuts.be/f328/runtime-error-30065

xero-error.com

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45. Parallax - Wikipedia, the free… (28)

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en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallax

32. How to Fix Certificate Errors (14)

46. Error Repair Professional™ Official. 40%… (9)

www.certificateerror.com

www.error-repair-pro.com

33. Error # 2036 (2) community.prezi.com/prezi/topics/error_2036-g4y6a

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34. Error - Definition and More from the Free… (64)

48. error legal definition of error… (155)

www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/error

legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Error

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49. dict.cc | error | Wörterbuch… (90)

www.0x800ccc0f.nl

www.dict.cc/?s=error

36. ERROR (1)

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www.leafholland.com

wiki.ubuntu-nl.org/GrubFoutenLijst

37. Error, Accuracy, and Precision (70) www.colorado.edu/geography/gcraft/error/error.html

38. Error: Success | Dark Beats From… (11) error-success.com

39. ASP ASPError Object (27) www.w3schools.com/asp/asp_ref_error.asp

40. PHP: Runtime Configuration (107) php.net/error-reporting

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YouTube (31/01/2012 - 18h12)

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1. Grave Error de Calatayud Increible Amazing Portero Goalkeeper 2012 (5/0) (0:47)

14. TMW: Errors in Last Video HATERS LOVING IT ON FACEBOOK!! (6/0) (9:40)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=51BYVDH1nrs

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2. Friendly 1vs1,game 2/2,GaRpY vs lemon(POV Error),pt.2/2 (2/0) (10:00)

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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cxp3WAzSEys

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3. Un Error-Ximena Sariñana (2/1) (4:33)

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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8e3jTtbbsdM

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4. Windows Error Remix (7/0) (5:01)

17. Tim Harford: Trial, error and the God complex (4/8) (18:07)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D3-vBBQKOYU

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K5wCfYujRdE

5. FACT / error -full version- (2/0) (3:55) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8HxG-cO-YEs

18. Portal Electro Dubstep Remix - Turret Error - Ephixa.com (3/2) (3:59)

6. eL eRRor - evert vargas - los gigantes del vallenato (2/6) (4:12)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hnCw1zXtaLs

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19. Co-pilot error causes ANA plane to plunge - 29Sep2011 (2/0) (2:01)

7. Don Tetto - Mi Error (5/3) (3:38)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PSGBAs412Lw

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=unQRo4U7i38

20. Prick Error (7/3) (4:06) 8. Maldita Nerea - El Error (’11) (3/0) (3:54)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=obHxrBZfKis

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21. How to update to iOS 5 (16/7) (7:07) 9. FRYING DUTCHMAN hERROR (5/0) (17:05)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oOOfEMG_MEs

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENBV0oUjvs0

22. ERROR (6/2) (2:29) 10. Embarrassing Goalkeeper Error Leads to Goal (4/0) (0:44)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nK0OWAXTSdM

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ElER4dZSaOs

23. ¿EE. UU. admite su error al retirar sus tropas de Irak? (9/3) (3:02)

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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sshzOe_x06M

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dmv-Y7ou08o

12. Wofford error leads to touchdown - ’11 FCS Championship Round 2 (2/0) (1:55)

24. Minecraft: Chunk Error 404 w/ Ze & KangarooZombies - Part 1 (11/2) (10:23) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H1kpRjvnkZc

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yGp3jdDvhAM

13. 110908 lucifer error! (5/0) (0:36) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eaVx2FgyQPA

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25. Mario Kart 7 3DS / Online: Communication Error (Race 8) (7/8) (14:23) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TBhOdJMzvOk

26. Como solucionar el error 3194 al tu iPhone/iPad/iPod Touch (21/11) (4:22)

38. ErroR-Infiziert (16/3) (2:42) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vq-0_OIxE4

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i5TLQNQYzBg

27. Skyrim Application Error FIX (8/0) (2:40)

39. Enrique Peña Nieto y Su Error De Diciembre En La FIL (4/2) (7:00)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i8SsP0Un86A

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Hqjvt5rAAI

28. ‘Technical Error’: NATO admits killing babies (5/0) (3:09)

40. CAALÚ - UN ERROR (5/3) (4:35) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ObA7ILHtnrI

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9MHt6aeosC4

41. Windows Error Remix (6/0) (9:59:56) 29. Poll Shows Paul Within Margin Of Error In Head To Head With Obama! (2/0) (7:31)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KRWILztAr6g

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=er-9q-RKDiA

42. Enrique Peña Nieto y Su Error De Diciembre En La FIL (4/2) (7:00)

30. How to Fix Error 3194, 1602/04, 1013/15 From iOS 5 to 4.X (Windows) (18/14) (10:19)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Hqjvt5rAAI

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IW4ishj2jEs

43. Monster High - S02xE08.Error fatal (español) (3/2) (3:22)

31. Solución error al iniciar Linux Ubuntu 11.10 - 10.04, LinuxMint.(9/0) (8:35)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-QODieRPc-c

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nN35Sv4yxHA

44. flying dutchman#h error (7/0) (6:30) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uo8tU_W_wyE

32. Enrique Peña Nieto y Su Error De Diciembre En La FIL (6/3) (14:31) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z2Gwle91gTg

45. Ewan Dobson - Disk Read Error - Solo Guitar (5/0) (4:18) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IXrYOM0VSKI

33. EL ERROR DE UN PADRE (5/0) (3:28) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOAPRK40vfw

46. Die Error-Geschichte! (Alter LivestreamAusschnitt) (7/3) (6:31)

34. Trial & Error-Bodybuilding & Nutrition!! (3/2) (4:54)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ldo7VEMCrnM

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VYpO9BnwICo

47. FRYING DUTCHMAN - humanERROR (11/0) (19:47)

35. How to: Fix Error 1015 iPhone 3GS 4.3.4/4.3.5! (14/6) (12:32)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q5p283KZGa8

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GWcPcEx9uQk

48. TVE dice error que Messi (5/0) (1:53) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZPfemfWqiV0

36. SWTOR: Inquisitor Assassin PvP Voidstar Warzone - Turret Error (8/2) (4:09)

49. Terraria - Trial and Error (2/0) (44:09)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LsSFh1z4Vsk

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1UkHocweH_0

37. LoL: Trial and Error (2/5) (18:27)

50. El increible error de Andrada (4/0) (0:17)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-BbqTpTtsl0

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lSErIdZZJtg

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I also made this piechart online, through the graph-generator on the American National Center for Education Statistics website (in the Kids' Zone though). On the next spread are some variations on the same piechart.

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Race Crash

After watching a documentary (The Deadliest Crash - The Le Mans 1955 Disaster) on the catastrophic car crash at the 23rd Le Mans race in 1955, I decided to do some more research on this specific type of error. After gathering all the info (of which the most important ones are on the next couple of pages) I made an infographic, and a poster which can be found on page 197. On the following pages youâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ll find the story about the crash itself, the statistics of the race, some background information on the drivers involved in the crash, some photos of the actual cars of the racers and a map of the specific place on the track where the disaster took place. But first the info on the crash itself. It was the single most deadly car crash in racing sports history, with a toll of 84 deaths, and another 120 left injured.

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After some more research and watching another (less accurate) documentary by the History Channel, here are the facts. On June 11, 1955, somewhere in the afternoon the crash took place. At the end of the 35th lap, as the leading racers were heading towards the pits and spectatorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s bleachers on the other side of the track, Mike Hawthorn (#6), driving in the Jaguar D-Type, overtook the slower Austin-Healy 100, driven by Lance Macklin (#26). Right after the overtake Hawthorn had to slow down and swerve to the right, in front of Macklin, so he could enter the pitlane (which he noticed too late, causing him to block Macklin). At the same time, Pierre Levegh (#20), driving his Mercedes-Benz 300 SLR at a speed of around 240 kph, was closing in on the two other racers. In order to avoid a collision with Hawthorn, Macklin pulled left, blocking the Mercedes of Levegh. Unfortunately, Levegh had 184

no time to react to the sudden manoeuvre made by Macklin. He rearended the Austin-Healy, leaving the car uncontrollable. After the collision with Macklin, Leveghâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Mercedes became airborne, after crashing into a concrete wall. Due to this crash, the Mercedes completely disintegrated, with debry flying everywhere, most of it (such as the bonnet, engine block and front axle) landing straight into the bleachers, immediately crushing the tightly packed spectators. The Austin-Healy finally came to a stop on the track, in front of the pits. Hawthornâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Jaguar was able to finish the race, and eventually even win the 24 hours of Le Mans 1955. Yes, the organization of the race indeed decided not to stop the race because of the accident. They formally stated that if the race would have been cancelled, the chaos would have been to big for police, ambulances and firemen to arrive at the scene. In retrospect, the organization of 185

Le Mans would have become bankrupt if they would have stopped the race, caused by reimbursements for the spectators, advertisers and car manufacturers. In the end, no one was held responsible for the crash, and deaths of 84 people (including Levegh). Although many journalists, racers, and spectators blame the sudden braking of Hawthorn. sources: http://www.uniquecarsandparts.com.au http://www.virtua-lm.com/lemans/history.php?y=32_67

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Circu the de la Sarthe and 12th, 1955 Rain on Sund Track Length: 13 Distance: 4135.380 est Lap: Mike H uar, 4:06.6 ( age Speed: 17 Race

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track:

uit PermanenDate: e June 11th Conditions: Warm, Starters: day 60 3,492 metres Fast0 km Hawthorn, JagAver(lap 28) 72.308 km/h 189

Name

Pierre Levegh France of birth December 22, 1905 - Paris of death June 11, 1955 - Le Mans Circuit

Nationality Date Date

Alfred Velghe was a Frenchman, born in 1871. He began racing bicycles in the 1890s and created the name Levegh, an anagram of his name. He started racing automobiles in 1898 and was successful mainly with Mors products, but in 1901 he fell ill with chest problems and died in 1904 at the age of just 33. Around 17 months later Velghe's sister gave birth to a son who was called Pierre Bouillin. Pierre was talented in many sports. He was a brilliant skater and ice hockey player and excelled at tennis. He began motor racing in the 1930s but his career was interrupted by the war. By the time racing had revived "Pierre Levegh" was getting rather old but in 1952 he finally had his moment of glory when he raced single-handedly through 23 hours of the Le Mans race only to miss a gear while leading in the last hour. This broke the engine on his car and deprived him of a well-deserved victory. At the same period he was competing in the occasional Grand Prix with the old Lago Talbots, which were never very competitive. He was looking for victory again at Le Mans in 1955 at the wheel of a factory Mercedes-Benz 300SLR when he was caught up in an accident caused by a thoughtless Mike Hawthorn. Hawthorn

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had swerved his Jaguar into the pits and left Lance Macklin with nowhere to go. Macklin braked to try to miss Hawthorn and Levegh, in the much faster Mercedes, had nowhere to go but to hit the rear of Macklin's car. This launched the Mercedes into the air and over the wall into the massed spectators. Levegh and more than 80 others were killed in the worst accident that the sport has ever known. As a result Mercedes-Benz stayed out of motor racing for more than 40 years.

Mike Hawthorn Great Britain Date of birth April 10, 1929 - Mexborough, Yorkshire Date of death January 22, 1959 - Guildfordby-pass, Surrey Name

Nationality

hit the headlines for allegedly dodging his national service obligations, a story which gave rise to many emotive headlines in the British tabloids. In fact the combination of a kidney condition and the after-effects of burns sustained in the 1954 Syracuse GP would have almost certainly rendered him ineligible. In 1957 and 58 he particularly enjoyed his racing paired in the Ferrari team with his close friend Peter Collins, but all that came to an end with Collins’ death in the ‘58 German Grand Prix. Mike went on to win the title, but immediately announced his retirement from racing. A promising business career beckoned, but he died when he crashed his Jaguar saloon on the Guildford bypass early in 1959.

Lance Macklin Great Britain Date of birth September 2, 1919 - Kensington, London Date of death August 29, 2002 - Bethersden, Kent Name

Nationality

Prix at Zandvoort, staying with the team the following year only to post retirements in all six rounds of the World Championship which he contested. He finished third at Le Mans for Aston Martin in 1954 and then hit the headlines in 1955 when he swerved to avoid a suddenly slowing Mike Hawthorn and was hit from behind by the Mercedes driver Pierre Levegh . The accident cost the life of Levegh and more than 80 spectators. Macklin escaped unhurt but was deeply affected by the crash and was one of the drivers who gave evidence to the French government inquiry headed by the magistrate Zadock Kahn. “After passing me (Mike) Hawthorn turned too sharply towards the right and braked,” Macklin told the court. “I braked my car as hard as I could to avoid him. My wheels locked and I was carried towards the left. Levegh’s car hit the back of my car. In an affair of this kind it is difficult to speak of responsibility. Hawthorn no doubt committed an error but the real responsibility was the speed of the cars. In the excitement of his struggle (with Levegh and Juan Manuel Fangio) Hawthorn executed a manouevre which astonished me and he left me no other alternative than to either run into him or turn to the left.” The following month finished eighth in the British Grand Prix at Aintree driving the Stirling Moss-owned Maserati 250F but after another crash in the Tourist Trophy at Dundrod later that summer he decided to quit racing. He spent many years living and working in Spain, running an import-export business but returned to Britain when he fell ill. He died just before his 83rd birthday. Source: http://www.grandprix.com/

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Fangio & Mossâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; #19 Mercedes-Benz 300 SLR, identical to the #20 of Levegh

Macklinâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s #26 Austin Healy 100s

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A Jaguar D-Type, similar to the #6 of Hawthorne

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Circuit Permanenthe de la Sarthe Date: June 11th and 12th, 1955 Conditions: Warm, Rain on Sunday Starters:60 rack Length: 13,492 metres Distance: 4135.380 km Fastest Lap: Mike Hawthorn, Jaguar, 4:06.6 (lap 28) Race track:

Pierre Levegh Nationality France Date of birth December 22, 1905 - Paris Date of death June 11, 1955 - Le Mans Circuit Name

Name

Mike Hawthorn Great Britain April 10, 1929 - Mexborough, Yorkshire January 22, 1959 - Guildford-by-pass, Surrey

Nationality

Date of birth

Date of death

Mike Hawthorn rode to international fame on the same tidal wave of British interest in motor racing which helped propel Stirling Moss and the late Peter Collins to the forefront of public acclaim in the 1950s. On his day, Mike was a formidable competitor, but he was also inconsistent and there were days when he seemed to suffer from a lack of interest. But when things went well, he was difficult to beat as Juan-Manuel Fangio found out in the 1953 French Grand Prix at Reims where he had to take second place to the young Englishman who had been hired by Ferrari at the start of the year. Hawthorn later hit the headlines for allegedly dodging his national service obligations, a story which gave rise to many emotive headlines in the British tabloids. In fact the combination of a kidney condition and the after-effects of burns sustained in the 1954 Syracuse GP would have almost certainly rendered him ineligible. In 1957 and 58 he particularly enjoyed his racing paired in the Ferrari team with his close friend Peter Collins, but all that came to an end with Collins’ death in the ‘58 German Grand Prix. Mike went on to win the title, but immediately announced his retirement from racing. A promising business career beckoned, but he died when he crashed his

Name

Lance Macklin Great Britain September 2, 1919 - Kensington, London August 29, 2002 - Bethersden, Kent

Nationality

Date of birth

Date of death

Son of the late Sir Noel Macklin, principal of the Cobham-based Invicta sports car company which flourished in the immediate pre-war years, this handsome young Englishman was widely regarded as a brilliantly talented driver who never had the urge fully to apply himself. In 1952 he drove for the HWM team and scored his best result with eighth in the Dutch Grand Prix at Zandvoort, staying with the team the following year only to post retirements in all six rounds of the World Championship which he contested. He finished third at Le Mans for Aston Martin in 1954 and then hit the headlines in 1955 when he swerved to avoid a suddenly slowing Mike Hawthorn and was hit from behind by the Mercedes driver Pierre Levegh . The accident cost the life of Levegh and more than 80 spectators. Macklin escaped unhurt but was deeply affected by the crash and was one of the drivers who gave evidence to the French government inquiry headed by the magistrate Zadock Kahn. “After passing me (Mike) Hawthorn turned too sharply towards the right and braked,” Macklin told the court. “I braked my car as hard as I could to avoid him. My wheels locked and I was carried towards the left. Levegh’s car hit the back of my car. In an affair of this kind it is difficult to speak of responsibility. Hawthorn no doubt committed an error but the real responsibility was the speed of the cars. In the excitement of his struggle (with Levegh and Juan Manuel Fangio) Hawthorn executed a manouevre which astonished me and he left me no other alternative than to either run into him or turn to the left.” The following month finished eighth in the British Grand Prix at Aintree driving the Stirling Moss-owned Maserati 250F but after another crash in the Tourist Trophy at Dundrod later that summer he decided to quit racing. He spent many years living and working in Spain, running an import-export business but returned to Britain when he fell ill. He died just before his 83rd birthday.

Average

172.308 km/h Speed:

The Deadliest Crash The Le Mans 1955 Disaster