CALHOUN LOFTS
POST OCCUPANCY EVALUATION
AUTHORS Weston Berry David Copeland Loredo SUPPORT AND CONTRIBUTERS Mackenzie Wysong Jerry Bogna Julie Hendricks Alfonso Hernandez Kapil Upadhyaya Colley Hodges BUILDING OWNER University of Houston ADDRESS 3800 Cullen Blvd. Houston, TX 77004 ARCHITECT Kirksey Architecture BUILDING TYPE Dormitories YEAR BUILT 2010
CALHOUN LOFTS
SIZE 540,000 ft2 984 beds
02
1.0 INTRODUCTION
pg. 4 - 7
2.0 OCCUPANT RESPONSE
pg. 9 - 29
3.0 MEASUREMENTS
pg. 30 - 51
4.0 INFRARED ANALYSIS
pg. 52 - 61
5.0 CONCLUSION
pg. 62 - 63
POST OCCUPANCY EVALUATION
CONTENTS
03
1.0 INTRODUCTION
CALHOUN LOFTS
The Calhoun Lofts have reached 5 years of useful service to the University of Houston but in Fall 2015 it was time for the lofts to go through some final exams of its own. The importance of these tests are to inform the occupants, architect, and University staff about the building’s energy performance and the overall satisfaction of the occupants with the buildings’ design and systems. Kirksey Architects, who designed the Calhoun Lofts, measured several sustainable metrics to ensure that the building performs as originally designed. Conducting the post occupancy evaluation enables the University to determine deficiencies within the lofts in regards to energy usage and sustainable practice of the building. It will also inform the architect of design successes and deficiencies through surveys and detailed measurements and analysis.
04
This analysis will determine if any deficiency in the design and layout within the Calhoun Lofts are present and will provide the University with clues about what the sources of the problems could be. The process of analysis was through
observations and measurements will determine what systems, if any, are not allowing the building to perform to its full potential so that it is not costing the University inexcessive energy usage and costs. The importance of the POE within the sustainable building process is that it shows how the building performs and whether it performs how it was designed. If the building is not performing as expected this report allows several invested parties to take this data and make decisions that will improve the building’s performance and influence future building design and implementation. This report contains the results of the opinion survey filled out by over 100 occupants and workers and contains measurements of daylight levels (lux), acoustic levels (dBs), temperature (F), Relative Humidity (%), CO2 (PPM), Formaldehyde (PPM), and Particulate Matter (PPM). The team conducted measurements over a period of 2 days. The process involved multiple measurements in rooms chosen based on their location of the building.
05
POST OCCUPANCY EVALUATION
1.0 INTRODUCTION ANNUAL UTILITY BREAKDOWN
100째F
AVG HIGH
80째F
AVG LOW
60째F 40째F
FALL
WINTER
SPRING
SUMMER
$42,000 $38,500 $35,000 $31,500 ELECTRIC
$28,000 $24,500
SEWER
$21,000 $17,500
WATER
$14,000 $10,500
CHILLED WATER
$7000 $3500
GAS
CALHOUN LOFTS 06
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TEM
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$0
GAS $16,719.51
CHILLED WATER $76,582.52
11%
SEWER $115,124.68
2%
17% 57% 13%
ELECTRIC $398,407.60
POST OCCUPANCY EVALUATION
WATER $87,239.77
07
2.0Quick Report OCCUPANT Response User Information How long have you worked or lived in this building?
All Data
Less than 3 months
4-6 months
7-12 months
More than a year
Standard Deviation
Responses
79 (47.88%)
25 (15.15%)
8 (4.85%)
53 (32.12%)
27.08
165
Less than 3 months
4-6 months
7-12 months
More than a year
How long have you been working at your present workspace, or living in your current room? (if applicable) Less than 3 months
4-6 months
7-12 months
More than 1 year
Standard Deviation
Responses
83 (52.53%)
26 (16.46%)
12 (7.59%)
37 (23.42%)
26.63
158
CALHOUN LOFTS
All Data
08
Less than 3 months
4-6 months
7-12 months
More than 1 year
In a typical week, how many hours do you spend in this building? This is the first answer choice10 or less
11-40
40-80
More than 80
Standard Deviation
Responses
8 (4.91%)
55 (33.74%)
64 (39.26%)
36 (22.09%)
21.44
163
All Data
This is the first answer choice10 or less
11-40
40-80
More than 80
All Data
17 or under
18-25
25-35
35-50
Over 50
Standard Deviation
Responses
1 (0.61%)
141 (85.98%)
17 (10.37%)
2 (1.22%)
3 (1.83%)
54.41
164
17 or under
18-25
25-35
35-50
Over 50
POST OCCUPANCY EVALUATION
What is your age?
09
2.0 OCCUPANT Response User Information What is your gender?
All Data
Female
Male
Standard Deviation
Responses
89 (54.6%)
74 (45.4%)
7.5
163
Female
Male
Please indicate the area of the building where you 1st Floor 2nd Floor 3rd Floor Please indicate the area of the building where you work or live:
2nd Floor
3rd Floor
4th Floor
5th Floor
6th Floor
7th Floor
3 (5%)
7 (11.67%)
4 (6.67%)
6 (10%)
10 (16.67%)
9 (15%)
10 (16.67%)
CALHOUN LOFTS
All Data
1st Floor
10
2nd Floor
3rd Floor
4th Floor
5th Floor
10th Floor
5th Floor
6th Floor
All Data 3 7 4 6 10 9 8th Floor (5%) 9th Floor(11.67%) 10th Floor(6.67%) Standard Deviation Responses (10%) (16.67%) (15%) 8 (13.33%)
2 (3.33%)
1st Floor
1st Floor
4th Floor
6th Floor
1 (1.67%)
3.16
2nd Floor
3rd Floor
7th Floor
8th Floor
7th Floor
8th Floor
9th Floo
10 (16.67%)
8 (13.33%)
2 (3.33%
60
4th Floor
9th Floor
5th Floor
10th Floor
6th Floor
Please Indicate the zone of the building in which you work or live using the zone map below: Zone A
Zone B
Zone C
Zone D
Zone E
Zone F
Zone G
Zone H
Zone I
Zone J
Zone K
Zone L
Standard Deviation
Responses
19 (12.5%)
22 (14.47%)
18 (11.84%)
12 (7.89%)
14 (9.21%)
4 (2.63%)
15 (9.87%)
17 (11.18%)
7 (4.61%)
4 (2.63%)
10 (6.58%)
10 (6.58%)
5.62
152
Zone A
Zone B
Zone C
Zone D
Zone E
Zone F
Zone K
Zone L
Zone G
Zone H
Zone I
Zone J
Zone A
Zone B
Zone C
Zone d
Zone e
Zone f
Zone g
Zone h Zone i Zone k
Zone l
Zone j
POST OCCUPANCY EVALUATION
All Data
11
2.0 OCCUPANT Response Thermal Comfort How often do you use any of the following public areas? Frequently
Sometimes
Not at All
Standard Deviation
Responses
Weighted Average
Study Rooms
35 (21.74%)
71 (44.1%)
55 (34.16%)
14.73
161
2.12 / 3
Movie Room
2 (1.27%)
19 (12.1%)
136 (86.62%)
59.57
157
2.85 / 3
Roof Lounge
23 (14.37%)
80 (50%)
57 (35.63%)
23.41
160
2.21 / 3
Bridge
28 (17.72%)
51 (32.28%)
79 (50%)
20.85
158
2.32 / 3
Courtyard
19 (12.1%)
74 (47.13%)
64 (40.76%)
23.92
157
2.29 / 3
Laundry
122 (75.31%)
24 (14.81%)
16 (9.88%)
48.19
162
1.35 / 3 2.19 / 3
CALHOUN LOFTS
Study Rooms
12
Movie Room
Roof Lounge
Bridge
Courtyard
Laundry
Which of the following do you personally adjust or control while in this building? (Check all that apply.) Window Room airOperable Portable Permanent Portable Thermostat blinds or conditioning window heater heater fan shades unit All Data
128 (79.01%)
9 (5.56%)
123 (75.93%)
12 (7.41%)
8 (4.94%)
77 (47.53%)
Ceiling fan
31 10 (19.14%) (6.17%)
Adjustable Adjustable air vent in floor air wall or vent ceiling
(diffuser)
17 (10.49%)
1 (0.62%)
Door to interior space
Door to exterior space
None of the above
68 51 2 (41.98%) (31.48%) (1.23%)
Other (Please Responses Specify)
0 (0%)
Text Responses Which of the following best describes the amount of clothing you typically wear while in this building in summer: (please answer the amount, not type, of clothing) Shorts and T-Shirt
Long-sleeved shirt and pants
Full business suit
Full suit plus overcoat
Standard Deviation
Responses
135 (84.91%)
21 (13.21%)
2 (1.26%)
1 (0.63%)
55.57
159
POST OCCUPANCY EVALUATION
All Data
Shorts and T-Shirt
Long-sleeved shirt and pants
Full business suit
Full suit plus overcoat
13
2.0 OCCUPANT Response Thermal Comfort & Air Quality Which of the following best describes the amount of clothing you typically wear while in this building in winter: (please answer the amount, not type, of clothing)
All Data
Shorts and T-Shirt
Long-sleeved shirt and pants
Full business suit
Full suit plus overcoat
Standard Deviation
Responses
31 (19.62%)
116 (73.42%)
3 (1.9%)
8 (5.06%)
45.41
158
Shorts and T-Shirt
Long-sleeved shirt and pants
Full business suit
Full suit plus overcoat
How satisfied are you with the temperature in this building? Very Satisfied
CALHOUN LOFTS
How satisfied are you with the temperature in this building?
14
55 (33.74%)
Undecided
66 (40.49%)
23 (14.11%)
15 (9.2%)
Very Dissatisfied
Standard Deviation
Responses
Weighted Average
4 (2.45%)
23.82
163
2.06 / 5
How would you describe the humidity in this building? Too Low. My eyes, nose and throat feel dry. How would you describe the humidity in this building?
6 (3.68%)
Comfortable
19 (11.66%)
121 (74.23%)
13 (7.98%)
Too High. The air is muggy and my skin feels sticky.
Standard Deviation
Responses
Weighted Average
4 (2.45%)
44.52
163
2.94 / 5
No Air Movement How would you describe the air movement in this building?
12 (7.45%)
Comfortable
31 (19.25%)
99 (61.49%)
Gusty
14 5 (8.7%) (3.11%)
Standard Deviation
Responses
Weighted Average
34.48
161
2.81 / 5
POST OCCUPANCY EVALUATION
How would you describe the air movement in this building?
15
2.0 OCCUPANT Response Thermal Comfort & Air Quality & Health Overall, does you thermal comfort enhance or interfere with your overall satisfaction? Enhances Overall, does your thermal comfort enhance or interfere with your overall satisfaction?
Undecided
Interferes
15
37
41
15
4
(13.39%)
(33.04%)
(36.61%)
(13.39%)
(3.57%)
Standard Deviation
Responses
14.19
Weighted Average
112
2.61 / 5
Standard Deviation
Responses
Weighted Average
12.48
163
2.62 / 5
How satisfied are you with the air quality in your workspace? Very Satisfied
CALHOUN LOFTS
How satisfied are you with the air quality in your workspace (i.e.stuffy/stale air, cleanliness, odors)?
16
Very Dissatisfied
Undecided
33
49
39
31
11
(20.25%)
(30.06%)
(23.93%)
(19.02%)
(6.75%)
Have you ever been told by a doctor that you have or had any of the following? (Check all that apply.)
All Data
Migraine
Asthma
Eczema
Hay fever
Allergy to dust
Allergy to molds
Responses
22 (28.21%)
20 (25.64%)
12 (15.38%)
13 (16.67%)
39 (50%)
17 (21.79%)
78
All Data
Never smoked
Former smoker
Current smoker
Standard Deviation
Responses
140 (86.96%)
17 (10.56%)
4 (2.48%)
61.28
161
Never smoked
Former smoker
Current smoker
POST OCCUPANCY EVALUATION
What is your tobacco smoking status?
17
2.0 OCCUPANT Response Health & User Satisfaction Have you had any of the following symptoms in the last 4 weeks? (Check all that apply.) Dry, itching, or
Sore or Wheezing Headache
irritated eyes All Data
dry throat
Unusual
Stuffy or
tiredness, fatigue,or
Chest tightness
drowsiness
runny nose, or
Tension, Congestion
Cough
sinus
irritability, Sneezing ornervousness
Difficulty Dizziness remembering orlightheadedness thingsor concentrating
51
12
70
49
41
9
47
43
58
14
61
13
12
(38.93%)
(9.16%)
(53.44%)
(37.4%)
(31.3%)
(6.87%)
(35.88%)
(32.82%)
(44.27%)
(10.69%)
(46.56%)
(9.92%)
(9.16%)
What happened to the symptoms when you were away from this building?
CALHOUN LOFTS
All Data
18
Got worse
Stayed same
Got better
Standard Deviation
Responses
6 (4.48%)
88 (65.67%)
40 (29.85%)
33.64
134
Got worse
Stayed same
Got better
Very
Undecided
Satisfied How satisfied are you with the amount of space available for sleep, work or storage?
How satisfied are you with the level of visual privacy?
How satisfied are you with how the space facilitates interaction with co-workers or roomates?
Very
Standard
Dissatisfied
Deviation
Responses
Weighted Average
56 (34.15%)
61 (37.2%)
15 (9.15%)
25 (15.24%)
7 (4.27%)
21.8
164
2.18 / 5
67 (41.1%)
61 (37.42%)
18 (11.04%)
10 (6.13%)
7 (4.29%)
25.96
163
1.95 / 5
51 (31.29%)
57 (34.97%)
43 (26.38%)
9 (5.52%)
3 (1.84%)
22.25
163
2.12 / 5
2.08 / 5
How satisfied are you with the amount of space available for sleep, work or storage?
How satisfied are you with the level of visual privacy?
POST OCCUPANCY EVALUATION
How satisfied are you with how the space facilitates interaction with co-workers or roomates?
19
2.0 OCCUPANT Response User Satisfaction Overall, does the space layout enhance or interfere with your ability to study or get your job done? Enhances
CALHOUN LOFTS
Overall, does the space layout enhance or interfere with your ability to get your job done?
20
Undecided
Interferes
42
59
42
16
5
(25.61%)
(35.98%)
(25.61%)
(9.76%)
(3.05%)
Standard Deviation
19.55
Responses
164
Weighted Average
2.29 / 5
Very Satisfied How satisfied are you with your ability to adjust your furniture to meet your needs?
How satisfied are you with the colors and textures of
64
47
31
16
6
(39.02%)
(28.66%)
(18.9%)
(9.76%)
(3.66%)
46
52
32
23
11
(28.05%)
(31.71%)
(19.51%)
(14.02%)
(6.71%)
Standard Deviation
Responses
Weighted Average
20.87
164
2.1 / 5
14.93
164
2.4 / 5
2.25 / 5
How satisfied are you with your ability to adjust your furniture to meet your needs?
How satisfied are you with the colors and textures of flooring, furniture and surface finishes?
POST OCCUPANCY EVALUATION
flooring, furniture and surface finishes?
Very Dissatisfied
Undecided
21
2.0 OCCUPANT Response Lighting Quality Which of the following controls do you have over the lighting in your workspace or room? (Check all that apply.)
All Data
Light switch
Light dimmer
Window blinds or shades
Desk (task) light
None of the above
Other (Please Specify)
Responses
136 (83.44%)
16 (9.82%)
112 (68.71%)
64 (39.26%)
4 (2.45%)
4 (2.45%)
163
Text Responses Standing lamp Portable Lamp Bed side lamp
CALHOUN LOFTS
lamp
22
Very Satisfied How satisfied are you with the amount of light in your workspace or room?
How satisfied are you with the visual comfort of the lighting (e.g., glare, reflections, contrast)?
Very Dissatisfied
Undecided
Standard Deviation
Responses
Weighted Average
33 (20.12%)
41 (25%)
16 (9.76%)
44 (26.83%)
30 (18.29%)
9.83
164
2.98 / 5
30 (18.29%)
52 (31.71%)
31 (18.9%)
25 (15.24%)
26 (15.85%)
9.87
164
2.79 / 5
2.88 / 5
How satisfied are you with the amount of light in your workspace or room?
POST OCCUPANCY EVALUATION
How satisfied are you with the visual comfort of the lighting (e.g., glare, reflections, contrast)?
23
2.0 OCCUPANT Response Lighting Quality & Acoustics Over all does the lighting quality enhance on interfere with you ability or relax? to work Enhances Overall, does the lighting quality enhance or interfere with your ability to work or relax?
32 (19.51%)
Undecided
40 (24.39%)
Enhances Overall, does the lighting quality enhance or interfere with your ability to work or relax?
32 (19.51%)
27 (16.46%)
36 (21.95%)
Undecided
40 (24.39%)
27 (16.46%)
36 (21.95%)
Interferes
Standard Deviation
Responses
Weighted Average
29 (17.68%)
4.71
164
2.94 / 5
Interferes
Standard Deviation
Responses
Weighted Average
29 (17.68%)
4.71
164
2.94 / 5
Perfect
Would prefer they were larger
Would prefer they were smaller
Standard Deviation
Responses
Weighted Average
104 (63.8%)
50 (30.67%)
9 (5.52%)
38.9
163
1.42 / 3
Perfect
Would prefer they were larger
Would prefer they were smaller
Standard Deviation
Responses
Weighted Average
104 (63.8%)
50 (30.67%)
9 (5.52%)
38.9
163
1.42 / 3
How would you rate the window sizes in your unit?
How would you rate the window sizes in your unit?
CALHOUN LOFTS
How would you rate the window sizes in your unit?
24
Very Satisfied How satisfied are you with the noise level in your workspace?
How satisfied are you with the sound privacy in your workspace (ability to have conversations without your neighbors overhearing and vice versa)?
Undecided
Very Dissatisfied
Standard Deviation
Responses
Weighted Average
47 (28.83%)
48 (29.45%)
31 (19.02%)
26 (15.95%)
11 (6.75%)
13.84
163
2.42 / 5
41 (25%)
38 (23.17%)
33 (20.12%)
24 (14.63%)
28 (17.07%)
6.24
164
2.76 / 5
2.59 / 5
How satisfied are you with the noise level in your workspace?
How satisfied are you with the sound privacy in your workspace (ability to have conversations without your neighbors overhearing and vice versa)?
Overall, does the acoustic quality in your workspace enhance or interfere with your ability to work or relax? Overall, does the acoustic quality in your workspace enhance or interfere with your ability to work or relax?
39 (23.78%)
Undecided
41 (25%)
34 (20.73%)
Interferes
24 (14.63%)
26 (15.85%)
Standard Weighted Responses Deviation Average
6.79
164
2.74 / 5
POST OCCUPANCY EVALUATION
Enhances
25
2.0 OCCUPANT Response
CALHOUN LOFTS
FIG 2.1 Word cloud of occupant responses
26
• You can hear too much from up above neighbors. I can hear them simply walk or drop items and I assumed that the cement would stop the noise transfer. • The acoustics of the lofts are terrible. I can’t play music or have a conversation in my living space without having half of the hall hear it. I’m not sure if it’s the walls or the • door, but the sound travels right through it. Terrible “acoustics” I would say. I can’t have 4-5 people over and have a conversation with them without having to be concerned • with our voices or conversation being heard outside in the hall. • and the AC is too loud, • Wall is too thin, I can hear noises loud enough for me to hear in my room but its not loud enough to hear in the hall so it’s hard to make a complaint • The noise is pretty bad, As I can always hear my roommates TV and when they play video games. • the furnished rooms should provide smaller but more silent refrigerators because the current ones produce lot of noise. • I Another problem with the parking space directly located in front of the apartments’ windows is that it creates additional noise. Which is, due to the fact that the a rather busy road is located on that side of the building, sometimes annoying, especially if a car alarm goes off directly in front of the window or the car honks when it is locked. • I can’t hear my neighbors but I can here every single word my roommate says if they are in the living room, bathroom area, or the kitchen even when my door is closed, and I can hear my roommates tv very clearly if their door is open, even if its not loud, even if my door is shut. • The floors are horrible. I can hear people walking in heels from the floor above me • when the refrigerator operates, it is too loud!!! • You can easily hear when someone drop or makes a lot of noise above or below the space. Not sure what wall assembly composes of but they don’t prevent much noise from traveling between a neighboring dorm room. You can easily hear when others are having a conversation. Would be a perfect place to live if given more attention to noise control. • Concrete floors and ceilings can be aesthetically pleasing however are horrible with noise. • People complain about me being loud when I’m not. Fix the sound barrier • I can hear everything in the hallway from inside my room • Rooms echo • my roommate and I can constantly hear the room next to us just talking and in the hall • too much reverb from concrete flooring • The walls are very thin, I could hear noise from peoples rooms all the time. • and hear everyone, • Horrible thin walls!!! All walls SUCK. very thin hear everything • thin walls
POST OCCUPANCY EVALUATION
ACOUSTIC COMPLAINTS
27
2.0 OCCUPANT Response
TEMPERATURE COMPLAINTS • The building temperature is cold in some areas, especially the center side. I hope it will be less cold a little bit. • the 6th floor glass study lounge has an AC issue • we would like to control the temperature in the study rooms. • The study rooms are too cold • Certain hallways are freezing • Since everything is concrete it makes the room feel kind of cold • roof indoor area is FREEZING • I do not appreciated not having a more customizable thermostat.
LIGHTING COMPLAINTS
CALHOUN LOFTS
• I am not a big fan of the light fixtures for I am struggling to obtain adequate light once the sun goes down,v • would love to have more lighting in my room to allow more comfortable living situation Because the north wing of the first floor is directly located next to the parking lot of the law center, in the evening and the night there is plenty of light due to the street lights illuminating the parking lot but also especially due to cars parking in front of the apartment’s windows while leaving their headlights on. As the window shades do not fully block the light from coming into the room, the light sometimes makes it hard to fall asleep. • Need more light • My room is in the alley of the building (W913) and is VERY dark. • more lighting, • need even more lighting in the bedroom • living room lighting needs to be better for night time • The light in the rooms is bad. • I have to bring lots of lights to make the room brighter. • have brighter lighting in living room
28
AIR QUALITY COMPLAINTS • corner room/study lounge since my floors study lounge is humid and uncomfortable. • The air filters get easily dirty and makes for the suite to be dusty and filled with germs, which is why I’m constantly sneezing whenver i’m in the suite. • t would be nice to have a vent in the bathroom, in order to prevent moldy towels • It gets really stuffy inside the building, especially the loft, if there’s a way for some fresh air to come in, that’d be awesome. It’s too dry in here which makes it depressing. • Strong odors from trash rooms. • The trash rooms leave an awful smell in the hallways. • The only issue I have with living here is the ventilation. My room tends to get stuffy and I had to buy a portable fan. • Do something about the weed smell • Also vents above stove to no work adequately. • too much dust in rooms; is it the air vents. • Air quality not very good • odors • I wish could open a window. • circulate air out of the building • air movement gusty in living room area • can smell everything and hear everyone • Poor circulation of vents in room. • rooms need ventilation!!!!! open windows or something. air is so stuffy in rooms... a/c in on but its not fresh and unable to access outside air from room. • stuffy/ stale air
• I do not like the constant water outages. • It would be nice not to have a power outage or water outage once a week There have been almost five water outages in the past couple of months • The water is always dirty and not minimally clean enough to put in a purified water system like a PUR water filter. • the other day, the maximum water temperature had dropped significantly. Also, since the water cut-off • There needs to be less water outages. • our water is shut off at least once a week • Less water cuts! • fix water no drills • I don’t like that the water doesn’t work/ outages
POST OCCUPANCY EVALUATION
WATER COMPLAINTS
29
3.0 MEASUREMENTS First Floor
ILLUMINANCE (lux) ILLUMINANCE LEVELS LEVEL 10
LEVEL 9
LEVEL 8
LEVEL 7
LEVEL 6
LEVEL 5
LEVEL 4
LEVEL 3
LEVEL 2
LEVEL 1
CALHOUN LOFTS
0
30
250-500
750-1000
1250-1500
1750-2000
2250-2500
2750-3000
3250-3500
3750-4000
Relative Humidity
70.5
71.2
64.9%
65.1%
71.5
63.9%
72.4
73
549 PPM
569 PPM 500 PPM 515 PPM 509 PPM
57.7%
55.7% 56.2%
72.4
70
554 PPM
56.6%
72.2
67
76
549 PPM 551 PPM
65.3%
71.2
64
550 PPM
64.9%
72
72.3
CO2 (PPM)
79
82
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
POST OCCUPANCY EVALUATION
TEMPERATURE (째F)
31
3.0 MEASUREMENTS Second Floor
ILLUMINANCE (lux)
LEVEL 10
W205
LEVEL 9
LEVEL 8
LEVEL 7
LEVEL 6
N209
LEVEL 5
LEVEL 4 LEVEL 10
W205
LEVEL 9
LEVEL 3
LEVEL 8
LEVEL 7
LEVEL 6
N209
LEVEL 2 LEVEL 5
E204
LEVEL 4
LEVEL 1
LEVEL 3
0
250-500
750-1000
1250-1500
1750-2000
2250-2500
2750-3000
3250-3500
3750-4000
LEVEL 2
E204
LEVEL 1
CALHOUN LOFTS
0
32
250-500
750-1000
1250-1500
1750-2000
2250-2500
2750-3000
3250-3500
3750-4000
TEMPERATURE (째F)
ACOUSTICS (dBA)
Relative Humidity
76.2
CO2 (PPM)
61.2%
1224 PPM
50dBA
50dBA
66.3%
70.3%
73
72.9 72.6
55
60
65
70
75
64
67
70
73
645 PPM 697 PPM
56.1% 56.1%
73 73
50
744 PPM
68.6%
50dBA
45
727 PPM
68.9% 73.4
568 PPM 563 PPM
57.1% 55.8%
76
79
82
45
50
55
60
65
592 PPM
569 PPM
70
75
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
POST OCCUPANCY EVALUATION
72.5 72.5
33
3.0 Measurements Second Floor
ILLUMINANCE (lux) ILLUMINANCE LEVELS LEVEL 10
W210
LEVEL 9
LEVEL 8
LEVEL 7
C210
LEVEL 6
LEVEL 5
LEVEL 4
LEVEL 10
W205
LEVEL 9
LEVEL 3
LEVEL 8
LEVEL 7
LEVEL 6
N209
LEVEL 2 LEVEL 5
E211
LEVEL 4
LEVEL 3
LEVEL 1 0
250-500
750-1000
1250-1500
1750-2000
2250-2500
2750-3000
3250-3500
LEVEL 2
3750-4000
E204
LEVEL 1
CALHOUN LOFTS
0
34
250-500
750-1000
1250-1500
1750-2000
2250-2500
2750-3000
3250-3500
3750-4000
TEMPERATURE (째F)
ACOUSTICS (dBA)
30dBA
Relative Humidity
70.7
63.8%
63.5%
70.2
70.8
853 PPM
62.5%
70.3
69.7
CO2 (PPM)
828 PPM
64.7%
61.9%
56.5%
790 PPM 55%
74.9
859 PPM
835 PPM
833 PPM
745 PPM
56.5%
790 PPM
29dBA
54.8% 55.3%
73.8
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
64
67
70
579 PPM
51.2%
72.7
32.4dBA
560 PPM
52.2%
52.6%
73
76
79
82
45
50
55
578 PPM
588 PPM 566 PPM
60
65
70
75
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
POST OCCUPANCY EVALUATION
73
72.1
35
3.0 Measurements Third Floor
ILLUMINANCE (lux) ILLUMINANCE LEVELS LEVEL 10
W302 LEVEL 9
LEVEL 8
LEVEL 7
E302
LEVEL 6
LEVEL 5
LEVEL 4
LEVEL 10
W205
LEVEL 9
LEVEL 8
LEVEL 3
LEVEL 7
E326
LEVEL 6
LEVEL 2
N209
LEVEL 5
LEVEL 4
LEVEL 3
LEVEL 1 0
250-500
750-1000
1250-1500
1750-2000
2250-2500
2750-3000
3250-3500
3750-4000
LEVEL 2
E204
LEVEL 1
CALHOUN LOFTS
0
36
250-500
750-1000
1250-1500
1750-2000
2250-2500
2750-3000
3250-3500
3750-4000
TEMPERATURE (째F)
ACOUSTICS (dBA)
Relative Humidity
39dBA
59.1%
72.6 72.5
73.3
73.4
778 PPM
57.4%
55.9%
624 PPMVV
669 PPM
624 PPM
56.7%
73.4
73.1
CO2 (PPM)
62.4% 73.5
62.2%
650 PPM
68%
648 PPMV
652 PPM
26dBA
58.8% 71.9
57.5%
72.3
50
55
60
65
70
75
64
67
70
73
618 PPM
76
79
82
45
50
55
60
648 PPM
627 PPM
58.4%
28dBA
45
628 PPM
50%
65
70
75
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
POST OCCUPANCY EVALUATION
71.8 72.2
37
3.0 Measurements Fourth Floor
ILLUMINANCE (lux) ILLUMINANCE LEVELS LEVEL 10
W409 LEVEL 9
LEVEL 8
LEVEL 7
C409
LEVEL 6
LEVEL 5
E30 1E 6 E408
E40 2B 8 W
D
LEVEL 4
F RE
LEVEL 10
W205
LEVEL 9
LEVEL 3
LEVEL 8
LEVEL 7
LEVEL 6
N209
LEVEL 2
S408
LEVEL 5
LEVEL 4
LEVEL 3
LEVEL 1 0
250-500
750-1000
1250-1500
1750-2000
2250-2500
2750-3000
LEVEL 2
3250-3500
3750-4000
E204
LEVEL 1
CALHOUN LOFTS
0
38
250-500
750-1000
1250-1500
1750-2000
2250-2500
2750-3000
3250-3500
3750-4000
TEMPERATURE (째F)
ACOUSTICS (dBA)
Relative Humidity
CO2 (PPM)
58.3%
71
560 PPM
58.3%
560 PPM 569 PPM
58.2%
24dBA
26dBA 72 71.8
583 PPM
55.6%
58.9%
72.3
582 PPM
55.2%
589 PPM
E30 1E 6
E30 1E 6
E30 1E 6
E30 1E 6
18dBA
589 PPM
57.1%
72.2
REF
E40 2B 8 49.7% F RE
F RE
F RE
685 PPM
75.2 75.2
54%
76.2
55.8%
76.4
700 PPM
717 PPM W
54.8%
593 B E40 2PPM 8
55% 52.6%
D
W
73.5
F RE
72.8 D
W
D
72.7
E40 2B 8 74.9
DW
E40 2B 8
521 PPM
56%
515 PPM
540 PPM
545 PPM
55.9%
18dBA
50
55
60
65
70
75
64
67
70
73
76
79
82
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
POST OCCUPANCY EVALUATION
45
39
3.0 Measurements Fifth Floor
ILLUMINANCE (lux) ILLUMINANCE LEVELS LEVEL 10
W512 LEVEL 9
LEVEL 8
LEVEL 7
C508
LEVEL 6
LEVEL 5
E511 LEVEL 4
LEVEL 10
W205
LEVEL 9
LEVEL 8
LEVEL 3
LEVEL 7
LEVEL 6
N209
LEVEL 2 LEVEL 5
S509
LEVEL 4
LEVEL 3
LEVEL 1 0
250-500
750-1000
1250-1500
1750-2000
2250-2500
2750-3000
3250-3500
LEVEL 2
3750-4000
E204
LEVEL 1
CALHOUN LOFTS
0
40
250-500
750-1000
1250-1500
1750-2000
2250-2500
2750-3000
3250-3500
3750-4000
TEMPERATURE (째F)
ACOUSTICS (dBA)
Relative Humidity
CO2 (PPM)
54dBA 74.7
54.6%
53.7%
74.1
71.7 72
680 PPM
53.9%
74.5
58.1%
72.2
57.8%
61.7%
625 PPM 599 PPM
612 PPM
580 PPM
56.6%
72.7
720 PPM 680 PPM
597 PPM
60.2%
70.2
33dBA
56.2% 72.7
578 PPM 587 PPM
56.1%
74.3
31.7dBA
614 PPM
56.4%
73.3 73
600 PPM
54.4%
18dBA
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
64
67
70
74.3
453 PPM 462 PPM 466 PPM
50.3%
52.2%
74.4
50.8%
73
76
79
82
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
POST OCCUPANCY EVALUATION
74.3
41
3.0 Measurements Sixth Floor
ILLUMINANCE (lux)
ILLUMINANCE LEVELS LEVEL 10
N616 LEVEL 9
LEVEL 8
LEVEL 7
C609
LEVEL 6
LEVEL 5
E620 LEVEL 10
LEVEL 4
W205
LEVEL 9
LEVEL 8
LEVEL 3 LEVEL 7
LEVEL 6
N209
LEVEL 5
LEVEL 2
E623
LEVEL 4
LEVEL 3
LEVEL 1
LEVEL 2
E204
0
250-500
750-1000
1250-1500
1750-2000
2250-2500
2750-3000
3250-3500
3750-4000 LEVEL 1
CALHOUN LOFTS
0
42
250-500
750-1000
1250-1500
1750-2000
2250-2500
2750-3000
3250-3500
3750-4000
TEMPERATURE (째F)
ACOUSTICS (dBA)
Relative Humidity
75.7
CO2 (PPM)
54.4%
811 PPM 54%
76 76.1
825 PPM 852 PPM
54.4% 60.5%
75
1110 PPM
29dBA
39dBA 70.6 70.6
655 PPM
57.1%
71
57.3%
70.8
56.9%
668 PPM 653 PPM 655 PPM
51.3%
875 PPM
56.8%
28dBA 73.6 73.5
51.3%
73.4
57.5%
66.1 64.5
65.6
525 PPM
57.7%
57.7%
523 PPM
523 PPM
534 PPM
51.8%
67.8
885 PPM
880 PPM
50.8%
32dBA
50
55
60
65
70
75
64
67
70
73
76
79
82
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
POST OCCUPANCY EVALUATION
45
43
3.0 Measurements Seventh Floor
ILLUMINANCE (lux) ILLUMINANCE LEVELS LEVEL 10
C701
LEVEL 9
LEVEL 8
E702
LEVEL 7
LEVEL 6
LEVEL 5
E071 LEVEL 4 LEVEL 10
W205
LEVEL 9
LEVEL 3
LEVEL 8
LEVEL 7
LEVEL 6
N209
LEVEL 2 LEVEL 5
E078 LEVEL 4
LEVEL 3
LEVEL 1 0
250-500
750-1000
1250-1500
1750-2000
2250-2500
2750-3000
3250-3500
3750-4000
LEVEL 2
E204
LEVEL 1
CALHOUN LOFTS
0
44
250-500
750-1000
1250-1500
1750-2000
2250-2500
2750-3000
3250-3500
3750-4000
TEMPERATURE (째F)
ACOUSTICS (dBA)
Relative Humidity
CO2 (PPM)
47.8dBA 71.9 71.7
60.3%
61.6%
75.6
75.1
576 PPM
60.7%
71.7
60.3%
76
60.3%
598 PPM 585 PPM
775 PPM
60.3%
795 PPM
770 PPM
45.5dBA
51%
73.8
75.3
52.1%
50%
73.3 75.6
550 PPM
49.5% 74.7
538 PPM
561 PPM
544 PPM 49.4%
540 PPM
34dBA
28.6dBA
54%
50
55
60
65
70
75
64
67
70
73
76
79
82
45
50
55
524 PPM
60
65
70
75
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
POST OCCUPANCY EVALUATION
45
555 PPM
54.1%
73.5 73.6
45
3.0 Measurements Ninth Floor
ILLUMINANCE (lux)
LEVEL 10
W907
LEVEL 9
LEVEL 8
LEVEL 7
C909
LEVEL 6
LEVEL 5
E908 LEVEL 4 LEVEL 10
W205
LEVEL 9
LEVEL 3
LEVEL 8
LEVEL 7
LEVEL 6
N209
LEVEL 2 LEVEL 5
E911
LEVEL 4
LEVEL 1
LEVEL 3
LEVEL 2
E204
LEVEL 1
CALHOUN LOFTS
0
46
250-500
750-1000
1250-1500
1750-2000
2250-2500
2750-3000
3250-3500
3750-4000
TEMPERATURE (째F)
ACOUSTICS (dBA)
74.5
Relative Humidity
56.3%
74.4
74.4
CO2 (PPM)
621 PPM
54.6%
75.3
619 PPM
617 PPM
54.6%
620 PPM
54%
32.8dBA
30.5dBA 54.6%
70.1
721 PPM
54.6%
70.6 70
54.6%
70.6
717 PPM
54.6%
718 PPM
715 PPM
22.7dBA 72.7 71.5
53%
71.6 71.8
78.2 79.2
49.8%
77.6
803 PPM
57% 54.5%
55.3%
47.7%
1045 PPM 1035 PPM
51.7%
1055 PPM
1056 PPM
49.8%
80.2 77.5
783 PPM
796 PPM
783 PPM
1039 PPM
52.8%
28.7dBA
50
55
60
65
70
75
64
67
70
73
76
79
82
45
50
60
65
70
75
400
600
58.6%
72.4
73
55
57.3%
800
1000
405 PPM
413 PPM
1200
1400
POST OCCUPANCY EVALUATION
45
47
3.0 Measurements Tenth Floor
ILLUMINANCE (lux)
ILLUMINANCE LEVELS LEVEL 10
W1007
LEVEL 9
LEVEL 8
LEVEL 7
LEVEL 6
LEVEL 10
W205
LEVEL 5
LEVEL 9
LEVEL 8
E1013 LEVEL 7
LEVEL 4
LEVEL 6
N209
LEVEL 5
LEVEL 3
LEVEL 4
LEVEL 3
LEVEL 2
LEVEL 2
E204
LEVEL 1 0
250-500
LEVEL 1
CALHOUN LOFTS
0
48
250-500
750-1000
1250-1500
1750-2000
2250-2500
2750-3000
3250-3500
3750-4000
750-1000
1250-1500
1750-2000
2250-2500
2750-3000
3250-3500
3750-4000
TEMPERATURE (째F)
ACOUSTICS (dBA)
Relative Humidity
CO2 (PPM)
31.8dBA
W1007
66.4
59.3%
55.6%
688 PPM
635 PPM
54.1%
75.1 75.9
695 PPM
688 PPM
53.6%
66.9
E1013
687 PPM
54.3%
69.7 67.4
636 PPM
52.6% 636 PPM
54.4%
75.8
22.5dBA
50
55
60
65
70
75
64
67
70
73
76
79
82
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
POST OCCUPANCY EVALUATION
45
49
3.0 Measurements Observations
WESTON’S Observations
CALHOUN LOFTS
My measurements were taken on a temperature, humidity, and CO2 multi-meter. I was the first person in the room due to the sensitivity of the CO2 detector. If many people entered a room and began breathing heavily then the measurements would be less accurate. I placed the multi-meter on a table, chair, window sill, or on the floor and stood away from it while it normalized the readings. In only a few places did the CO2 measure above 1000PPM. Certain factors in the rooms can add to an elevated CO2 reading.
50
Typically in rooms where temperature were higher (and the thermostat was set higher than normal) affected the room’s CO2 levels. This is possible because the AC was not running and room air is not being refreshed. This allows for the buildup of CO2 due to lack of air changes made by the system. Levels of CO2 were not considered hazardous until past 1200 PPM. A solution to high CO2 levels would be to allow for operable windows in the building. This would allow occupants on more temperate days to maintain temperature but refresh the air in their room. Humidity was not out of normal range by building standards.
DAVID’S Observations I took measurements for solar illumination as well as acoustics. For the solar illumination, I used a light meter, and placed it at desk top height to determine the amount of useful daylighting. All artificial lighting was turned off and blinds were raised, and measurements were taken in multiple locations to examine the spread of daylighting throughout the space. Acoustic levels were taken once per suite with a decibel meter set to pick up lower constant vibrations. The light levels distributed fairly evenly throughout the rooms except for rooms with over head cabinetry; these rooms were significantly darker. We discovered that the vast majority of students kept their blinds down because of unfavorable amounts of sunlight during the mornings or evenings. Acoustic levels varied from room to room, but outside noises were easily heard through walls and doors. The leakage of sound is a common complaint from occupants.
51
POST OCCUPANCY EVALUATION
CALHOUN LOFTS
4.0 INFRARED ANALYSIS
52
1
4
2
5
3
6
7
8
To the left are images taken with a thermal camera. Theses images reveal many issues with the design of the buildings systems. The building performs very well in terms of thermal comfort and energy sustainability, and although it is ahead of the curve in many respects, issues are abundant. In images 1-6 one can see the effect of thermal bridging through the building envelope. The warm bands are structural members absorbing heat from the exterior and transmitting the heat to the interior. A temperature difference of 5 to 10�F occur in these instances. This is due to the use of no continuous insulation within the envelope system. In addition to the visible thermal bridging from structural members, images 4-5 reveal an instance where the insulation either collapsed or was not included during construction. Image 7 shows th heat from uninsulated hot water pipes radiating into the air around it. Images 8 and 9 are hard to dissect because of their unexpected nature. This is an interior wall which either has a problem within the wall assembly or in the room on the other side. It is likely an electrical wiring issue which is causing the 10�F difference.
POST OCCUPANCY EVALUATION
9
53
CALHOUN LOFTS
4.0 INFRARED ANALYSIS
54
1
4
2
5
3
6
7
8
Images 1 & 2 show cold spots which are likely leaks from pipes. The first image occurs next to a sprinkler head which may be damaged. The second image shows moisture on the wall coming from the floor above where a large water leak happened. Images 3 - 9 are more examples of thermal bridging along structural members and window frames.
POST OCCUPANCY EVALUATION
9
55
CALHOUN LOFTS
4.0 INFRARED ANALYSIS
56
1
4
2
5
3
6
7
9
Images 1 - 6 are more examples of thermal bridging along structural members and window frames. Image 6 shows how thermal bridging can also work in the opposite direction. After a cold night, the warmth within the room is escaping through the same structural members causing a difference of -5 to -7�F. Image 7 shows the effect of the sunlight on the exterior of the building causing a difference of over 30�F. Similarly, images 8 and 9 show the effects that sun light has on the roof terrace.
POST OCCUPANCY EVALUATION
8
57
CALHOUN LOFTS
4.0 INFRARED ANALYSIS
58
1
4
2
5
3
6
7
9
Images 1 - 3 are more examples of thermal bridging along structural members and window frames. Image 1 shows how thermal bridging can also work in the opposite direction. After a cold night, the warmth within the room is escaping through the same structural members causing a difference of -5 to -7�F. Images 4 - 8 shows cold spots on surfaces caused by different issues. Image 4 and 5 shows possible leaks from the floor above making their way through the floor joints and onto the room’s walls. Images 6 and 7 show a leak on the floor from a broken sprinkler valve.
POST OCCUPANCY EVALUATION
8
59
CALHOUN LOFTS
4.0 INFRARED ANALYSIS
60
61
POST OCCUPANCY EVALUATION
5.0 Conclusion
CALHOUN LOFTS
Overall, the building performance analysis was verifiably good but several small issues are needing to be addressed. This will be brought up at a future meeting with Kirksey Architects and student housing on campus. We learned the steps of how to conduct a proper, large scale post occupancy evaluation. Kirksey Architects is the only firm in Houston who conducts post occupancy evaluations and this was the most complex building that they have ever analyzed. It was a pleasure for us to work with professionals and discover what design schemes worked and which ones did not. It was also very interesting to interact with building occupants and explain what we were doing there.
62
The future of sustainable building performance will benefit greatly by using post occupancy evaluations to determine effective strategies for sustainable system implementation. By utilizing the data that we have measured, Kirksey Architects will know how to build a better, more sustainable dormitory in the future. Hopefully, Post occupancy evaluations will become an important part of the future of the built environment and bring a conscious effort from design professionals to make their buildings more sustainable.
63
POST OCCUPANCY EVALUATION