Lab+Life Scientist Oct/Nov 2023 by Westwick-Farrow Media

oct/nov 2023

Contents 6 ASBESTOS ANALYSIS BY TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY, SAED AND EDX-S

Due to the detrimental health effects of asbestos, precise and dependable analytical methods are required to identify and measure its presence.

14 NIST REFERENCE MATERIALS TO HELP COMBAT SEAFOOD FRAUD

If you purchase seafood marked as wild-caught salmon, how do you know that you’re not actually getting cheaper farm-raised salmon, or even an entirely different kind of fish?

20 MAINTAINING IMAGE INTEGRITY: THE IMPORTANCE OF QUALITY CONTROL IN SCIENTIFIC IMAGES

Principal investigators work diligently to ensure all the information published by their team is accurate, but reviewing every image can be a challenge.

24 NEW ANTIBIOTIC SOURCED FROM ‘MICROBIAL DARK MATTER’

26 TRANSFORMING LIFE SCIENCES AND HEALTH CARE WITH GRAPH TECHNOLOGY Graph technology can help life sciences users integrate and analyse large, complex datasets.

29 BLOOD CANCER DRUG ATTACKS DORMANT HIV CELLS An existing blood cancer drug has shown promise in killing ‘silent’ HIV cells and delaying reinfection, which could lead to a future cure for the disease.

31 SCIENTISTS WITNESS METAL HEALING ITSELF Scientists have witnessed pieces of metal crack and then fuse back together without any human intervention, overturning fundamental scientific theories in the process.

32 ADVANCING FOOD SCIENCE WITH MICROFLUIDIC MODULATION SPECTROSCOPY Dr Woojeong Kim, a passionate researcher in the field of food science and engineering, shares her journey and contributions made in the realm of food research.

A powerful new antibiotic, isolated from bacteria that could not be studied before, seems capable of combating harmful bacteria and even multi-resistant ‘superbugs’.

24 READ ONLINE! www.labonline.com.au/magazine Cover image: iStock.com/isaravut

This issue is available to read and download at

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LAB+LIFE SCIENTIST - Oct/Nov 2023 | 3

editorial

iStock.com/LuffyKun

I’ll have the catch of the day go on to have better visual function. The study

page 23 to learn about the bioreactor enabling

of 178 extremely preterm babies saw around half

one ambitious company to create cultivated meat.

the participants given preventive oral nutritional

Elsewhere in this issue, we look at recent efforts

supplements containing DHA, as well as the omega-

to improve data handling and data integrity in

ith the weather warming up

6 fatty acid AA (arachidonic acid). Researchers had

the lab, which will always be an issue no matter

and summer lurking just around the corner,

previously found that the combination supplement

what branch of science you specialise in. Flick to

many Australians will be looking to fill their plates

led to the risk of contracting the sight-threatening

page 20 for an insight into how AI image proofing

with their favourite seafood dishes. Of course we

eye disease ROP (retinopathy of prematurity) being

software can make it easier to perform the image

all know that omega-3 fatty acids — which are

halved, but the new study showed that those who

analysis required before study publication, or to

abundant in fish and fish oil supplements as well

received the supplement had improved visual

page 26 to see how graph technology can help life

as nuts, seeds and plant oils — are good for our

function at two and a half years of age regardless

sciences users to analyse large, complex datasets.

hearts and our brains, but did you know they are

of whether or not they had previously had ROP.

That’s in addition to our regular news, product

also good for our lungs?

This improved visual development was not only

releases and other articles, all of which are just

US researchers recently pointed to a

due to the beneficial effect on the retina — the

waiting to be read — so why not get started now?

longitudinal study showing that higher levels of

supplement also seemed to improve the brain’s

I swear you’ll be hooked!

omega-3 fatty acids (particularly docosahexaenoic

ability to interpret visual impressions.

acid, or DHA) in a person’s blood were associated

It seems clear, then, that omega-3 fatty acids

with a reduced rate of lung function decline, while

found in fish are good for us — but how do we

Lauren Davis

genetic data from over 500,000 UK Biobank

know that the fish we’re purchasing is the fish

LLS@wfmedia.com.au

participants showed that higher levels of fatty

we’re receiving? On page 14 of this issue, we outline

acids including DHA were associated with better

how the US National Institute of Standards and

lung function. This research is understood to

Technology (NIST) is fighting food fraud with the

provide some of the strongest evidence to date of

development of new salmon and shrimp reference

this association, underscoring the importance of

materials, which can help to verify where seafood

including omega-3 fatty acids in the diet.

was caught or produced. We also have a couple of

A Swedish study has meanwhile found

other articles on the topic of food science — turn

that preterm babies given a supplement with a

to page 32 to follow Dr Woojeong Kim’s research

combination of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids

into the potential of plant-based proteins, or to

4 | LAB+LIFE SCIENTIST - Oct/Nov 2023

Regards,

Lauren Davis

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iStock.com/Alexey Emelyanov

Asbestos analysis by transmission electron microscopy, SAED and EDX-S

microscopy

COHLABS-TEM.

Due to the detrimental health effects of asbestos, it continues to be a prominent concern, highlighting the need for precise and dependable analytical methods to identify and measure its presence. Here Laurent Fenouil, Regional Manager at COHLABSTEM, investigates the capabilities of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in comparison to alternative techniques such as polarised light microscopy (PLM), phase contrast microscopy (PCM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Transmission electron microscope principle

PLM

TEM is a highly capable imaging method

relies on the examination of asbestos fibres using

that allows scientists to examine the internal

polarised light, enabling the identification of

structure of materials with remarkable resolution.

fibre type through the analysis of morphological

Distinguishing it from alternative microscopy

characteristics and crystalline structure.

The combination of PLM with dispersion staining

Nevertheless, PLM may have limitations

of light to visualise the sample. As the electron

when dealing with non-commercial types of

beam passes through the extremely thin sample,

asbestos or other minerals that possess similar

it engages in interactions that provide detailed

properties, resulting in inconclusive bulk

information about the sample’s composition,

results (referred to as unknown mineral fibres).

crystal structure and morphology.

Additionally, PLM’s resolution limit of 0.2

The analysis commences by meticulously

µm hampers its ability to detect thin and short

preparing a small section of the asbestos-

asbestos fibres that might be present in complex

containing material and placing it onto a

matrices such as vinyl tiles, putty samples,

copper grid, facilitating its smooth transfer

mastics, vermiculite, plasterboard and other

into the vacuum chamber of the microscope.

non-fibrous materials, and “difficulties may occur

Subsequently, the sample is exposed to a

in identifying fibres below about 1 µm width” as

concentrated electron beam, and diverse detectors

mentioned in Asbestos: The Analysts’ Guide1.

of the sample’s properties.

In both scenarios, TEM’s capacity to detect these concealed asbestos structures guarantees

COHLABS-TEM.

techniques, TEM utilises an electron beam instead

capture signals that unveil distinct characteristics

A transmission electron microscope in the lab.

TEM observation of chrysotile asbestos fibre at a display magnification of 150,000x.

or not, leading to an overestimation of asbestos fibre concentrations. Within the Australian regulatory framework, the NOHSC:30032 method utilises PCM to obtain counting results expressed as the number of fibres per millilitre of air. Subsequently, TEM analysis can be performed following the NIOSH 74023 method to identify the ratio in percentage of asbestos fibres on the same filter. This ratio is then applied to the PCM counts to calculate the actual concentration of asbestos fibres present in the air samples.

a more thorough and precise evaluation of

Nevertheless, PCM is limited by its reliance

Comparing TEM against PLM, PCM and SEM

potential asbestos presence in building materials

on light as a source, which poses constraints on

and natural samples.

its ability to observe objects smaller than 0.2 µm

Within the array of analytical techniques, TEM

PCM

in diameter. Consequently, due to this resolution

stands apart due to its unmatched capability to

The PCM method, employed for measuring

limit, the combination of results following the

offer comprehensive insights into asbestos fibres.

airborne asbestos fibres, lacks the ability to

NIOSH 7402 method requires TEM to limit its

While PLM, PCM and SEM are commonly

distinguish between asbestos and non-asbestos

observation exclusively on fibres >0.2 µm in width.

utilised, they possess specific limitations that

fibres. As a result, it counts all fibre types in the

It is also important to note, as stated in ISO

TEM successfully overcomes.

sample, regardless of whether they are asbestos

10312 Ambient air — Determination of asbestos

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LAB+LIFE SCIENTIST - Oct/Nov 2023 | 7

microscopy

fibres — Direct transfer transmission electron microscopy method, “Most fibres in ambient

The crucial role of TEM in asbestos analysis lies in its ability to provide unique insights into the identification and characterisation of asbestos fibres.

atmospheres are not asbestos and therefore, there is a requirement for fibres to be identified. Many airborne asbestos fibres in ambient atmospheres have diameters below the resolution limit of the optical microscope... [Transmission electron microscopy] has adequate resolution to allow detection of small fibres and is currently the only technique capable of unequivocal identification COHLABS-TEM.

Through the utilisation of TEM, it becomes

COHLABS-TEM.

of the majority of individual fibres of asbestos.”4 possible to attain a more precise and dependable estimation of asbestos concentration, thereby enhancing risk assessment and ensuring regulatory compliance. TEM observation of amosite asbestos fibre.

SEM

Conversely, SEM offers high-resolution imaging of

TEM observation of chrysotile asbestos crystalline structure by SAED.

asbestos fibres and valuable surface information, in addition to chemical composition input when

Crystalline structure

combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy

The second criterion employed by TEM involves

(EDX-S), making it an excellent technique to

analysing the crystalline structure using selected area

discriminate cleavage fragments from asbestiform

electron diffraction (SAED). This technique enables

fibres of same composition. However, its resolution

the assessment of fibre anisotropy. Asbestos fibres

is limited by its image contrast

capability that

display a unique pattern of parallel rows with comet

may prevent it from visualising thin asbestos fibres.

tail-like structures, which aids in their classification.

Furthermore, unless equipped with EBSD (electron

Chemical composition

backscatter diffraction), SEM cannot definitively

Lastly, the chemical composition is examined

identify and characterise the internal crystalline

using EDX-S. EDX-S analysis provides crucial

structure of the observed fibres, which can lead to

information for identifying the precise type of

result misinterpretation, as demonstrated in cases

asbestos among the six recognised forms.

5,6

TEM observation of amosite asbestos chemical composition by EDX-S.

of talc contaminated with anthophyllite. In such instances, both minerals exhibit similar morphology

Conclusion

analysing asbestos by agencies like ISO, NIOSH

and chemical composition, making differentiation

The crucial role of TEM in asbestos analysis lies

(USA) and AFNOR (France) since the early 1990s.

difficult without examining their internal crystalline

in its ability to provide unique insights into the

In conclusion, the detailed examination

structure patterns.

identification and characterisation of asbestos fibres.

of asbestos fibres by TEM establishes it as an

The combination of high-magnification

Three criteria for asbestos identification using TEM

indispensable tool for scientists and analysts,

morphology observation (exceeding 10,000x),

enhancing our ability to safeguard public health,

SAED analysis for anisotropy determination, and

provide accurate asbestos-related data, and improve

TEM relies on three criteria to definitively identify

EDX-S for chemical composition identification

risk evaluation and compliance.

asbestos fibres in both bulk and air samples.

is essential for distinguishing numerous mineral

Morphology

fibres that resemble asbestos but are not hazardous.

1. https://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/priced/hsg248.pdf 2. https://www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au/sites/default/ files/2021-11/guidancenote_membranefiltermethodfores timatingairborneasbestosfibres_2ndedition_nohsc30032005_pdf.pdf 3. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2003-154/pdfs/7402.pdf 4. https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:10312:ed-2:v1:en 5. https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/4605fc9218a2-ae48-f977-4dffdecfec11, p29 6. https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp61.pdf, p188

The first criterion employed by TEM involves

TEM’s high resolution and capability to

examining the morphology of the observed fibre

detect thin and short asbestos fibres make it an

at high magnification to assess its asbestiform

indispensable tool for accurately assessing building

habit. This allows for differentiation between

materials, natural samples and air monitoring filters.

asbestos and non-asbestos fibres based on their

This capability has contributed to the establishment

characteristic features.

of efficient standards in sampling, preparing and

8 | LAB+LIFE SCIENTIST - Oct/Nov 2023

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movers&shakers

Breakthrough drug targets life-threatening ‘bad cholesterol’ Researchers have trialled a new drug that is claimed to provide world-first treatment for lipoprotein(a), a largely genetic form of cholesterol that increases the risk of heart attack and stroke. High levels of lipoprotein(a), or Lp(a), impact one in five Australians, with no approved treatment currently on the market. Lp(a) is similar to LDL cholesterol, sometimes called ‘bad cholesterol’, but is more sticky, increasing risk of blockages and blood clots in arteries. Common LDL-lowering drugs such as statins don’t have the same lowering iStock.com/PeopleImages

effect on Lp(a), and Lp(a) is also difficult to control through diet, exercise and other lifestyle changes due to its largely genetic nature. Although Lp(a) was discovered nearly 60 years ago, there still aren’t any widely accessible treatments available to lower levels and reduce cardiovascular risk. Researchers have been working on a targeted solution to treat elevated Lp(a) for the past decade, but advancements so far have been in difficult-to-administer injection-based therapies that

Congress in Amsterdam and published in JAMA, show that the drug

are not yet on the market.

effectively lowered Lp(a) levels by up to 65% in healthy participants.

“When it comes to treating high Lp(a), a known risk factor for

“This drug is a game changer in more ways than one,” Nicholls said. “Not

cardiovascular disease, our clinicians currently have no effective tools

only do we have an option for lowering an elusive form of cholesterol, but being

in their kit,” said Professor Stephen Nicholls, Director of the Monash

able to deliver it in an oral tablet means it will be more accessible for patients.” The trial was undertaken in collaboration with Cleveland Clinic and Eli Lilly,

Victorian Heart Institute and The Victorian Heart Hospital. Nicholls has been leading landmark research into muvalaplin — the first

with the drug now set to continue into larger-phase clinical trials. It may also have potential to be used in the treatment of other vascular and valve diseases.

oral drug ever developed to target Lp(a), which works by disrupting the ability for Lp(a) to form in the body. The results of a recent first-in-human phase 1 trial, which were presented at the European Society of Cardiology

“Lp(a) is essentially a silent killer with no available treatment,” Nicholls said. “This drug changes that.”

Unreliable allergy tests spark call for standardisation Hospital at Westmead. “This involves a health worker placing a drop of allergen extract on the surface of the arm then pricking through it into the arm. If you are allergic to the allergen you will have a small, itchy swelling and a reddening of the skin after 10–15 minutes.” But widely utilised allergen extracts in commercial SPT kits are generally not standardised, with JCU group leader Professor Andreas iStock.com/AlexRaths

Lopata noting that researchers demonstrated “considerable variability in effectiveness” for 27 commercial SPT extracts for fish allergy in a 2019 study. This limits the diagnostic value of results. “In the current study, using biochemical and immunological methods and mass spectrometry, we tested 11 commercial crustacean and five

Australian scientists are calling for the standardisation of allergy tests,

mollusc SPT extracts and found even greater, critical variability in their

after laboratory trials published in the journal Allergy showed that

reliability,” Lopata said.

commercially available tests are not uniformly reliable.

Dr Thimo Ruethers presents the research findings published in Allergy.

As noted by study leader Dr Thimo Ruethers, from James Cook

The scientists concluded that some of the SPT extracts lacked

University’s (JCU) Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine

the sufficient amount and diversity of important shellfish allergens,

and Tropical Futures Institute, food allergies pose major public health

meaning test results could be falsely negative and putting lives at risk.

concerns, lower the quality of life and can be fatal. This is particularly the case with shellfish allergy, which affects up to 3% of the general population, is usually lifelong and commonly triggers anaphylaxis — a condition that leads to respiratory collapse. “Skin prick testing (SPT) is often the preferred first-line diagnostic approach,” said Professor Dianne Campbell from The Children’s

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“Standardisation of allergen extracts is urgently needed to improve the accuracy and reliability of SPTs,” Ruethers said. “Also, improvements in blood tests, along with the development of region-specific allergen extracts with known quantities of clinically wellcharacterised allergen components, are critical to achieve considerable improvements in allergy testing.”

LAB+LIFE SCIENTIST - Oct/Nov 2023 | 9

movers&shakers

Quantum computer slows chemical process by factor of 100bn Scientists at The University of Sydney have used a quantum computer to engineer and directly observe a process critical in chemical reactions by slowing it down by a factor of 100 billion times, in what is said to be a world first. Specifically, the research team witnessed the interference pattern of a single atom caused by a common geometric structure in chemistry called a ‘conical intersection’. In rapid photochemical processes such as photosynthesis, molecules transfer energy at lightning speed, forming areas of exchange known as conical intersections. Chemists have tried to directly observe such geometric processes in chemical dynamics UBC Forestry/Jillian van der Geest

Plants used to filter microplastics out of water Could plants be the answer to the looming threat of microplastic pollution?

since the 1950s, but it is not feasible to observe them directly given the extremely rapid timescales involved. As explained by joint lead researcher Vanessa Olaya Agudelo, “In nature, the whole process is over within femtoseconds. That’s a billionth of a millionth — or one quadrillionth — of a second.” To get around this problem, the researchers created an experiment

Scientists at The University of British Columbia’s (UBC) BioProducts

using a trapped-ion quantum computer — based in the Quantum

Institute have found that if you add tannins — natural plant compounds

Control Laboratory of Professor Michael Biercuk — in a completely

that make your mouth pucker if you bite into an unripe fruit — to a layer

new way. This allowed them to design and map this very complicated

of wood dust, you can create a filter that traps virtually all microplastic

problem onto a relatively small quantum device — and then slow

particles present in water.

the process down by a factor of 100 billion. Their findings were

Microplastics are tiny pieces of plastic debris resulting from the

published in the journal Nature Chemistry.

breakdown of consumer products and industrial waste. Keeping them

“Using our quantum computer, we built a system that allowed us to

out of water supplies is a huge challenge, according to Dr Orlando Rojas,

slow down the chemical dynamics from femtoseconds to milliseconds,”

the institute’s scientific director, who noted one study which found that

Olaya Agudelo said. “This allowed us to make meaningful observations

virtually all tap water is contaminated by microplastics.

and measurements. This has never been done before.”

“Most solutions proposed so far are costly or difficult to scale up,” Rojas said.

Joint lead author Dr Christophe Valahu said the team’s experiment

“We’re proposing a solution that could potentially be scaled down for home use

was akin to simulating the air patterns around a plane wing in a wind

or scaled up for municipal treatment systems. Our filter, unlike plastic filters,

tunnel. “Our experiment wasn’t a digital approximation of the process

does not contribute to further pollution as it uses renewable and biodegradable

— this was a direct analogue observation of the quantum dynamics

materials: tannic acids from plants, bark, wood and leaves, and wood sawdust

unfolding at a speed we could observe,” he explained.

— a forestry by-product that is both widely available and renewable.” For their study, published in the journal Advanced Materials, scientists

By slowing down the dynamics in the quantum computer, the researchers revealed the telltale hallmarks predicted — but never

at the BioProducts Institute and their collaborators analysed microparticles

before seen — associated with conical intersections in photochemistry.

released from popular tea bags made of polypropylene. They found that

According to research team leader Associate Professor Ivan Kassal,

their method, dubbed ‘bioCap’, trapped from 95.2% to as much as 99.9% of

“This exciting result will help us better understand ultrafast dynamics

plastic particles in a column of water, depending on plastic type. When tested

— how molecules change at the fastest timescales.”

in mouse models, the process was found to prevent the accumulation of microplastics in the organs. Rojas noted that it is difficult to capture all the different kinds of microplastics in a solution, as they come in different sizes, shapes and electrical charges. “There are microfibres from clothing, microbeads from cleansers and soaps, and foams and pellets from utensils, containers and packaging,” he said. “By taking advantage of the different molecular interactions around tannic acids, our bioCap solution was able to remove While the experiment remains a lab set-up at this stage, the team is convinced that the solution can be scaled up easily and inexpensively once

iStock.com/Zffoto

virtually all of these different microplastic types.

they find the right industry partner.

10 | LAB+LIFE SCIENTIST - Oct/Nov 2023

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what’s new

Microplate thermoshaker Compact and stylishly designed, the BioShake iQ high-end thermoshaker lets the user perform all their standard mixing runs with a minimum of adjustments. It offers high performance to handle a wide range of applications across biotechnology, pharmaceutical and academic research. Suitable for microplates, tubes and glass vials, the BioShake iQ is designed to offer fast and high-precision heating. With its stylish aluminium housing, it provides mixing from 200–3000 rpm and comes with a wide range of thermo adapters. Users can save time by combining the gentle mixing of samples by orbital motion with the incubation phase, resulting in a higher throughput. The mixing orbit of 2 mm is always constant. The orbital shaking is designed to be precisely controlled, so the user need never spin down their plates after mixing. Tubes, vials, high-density plates and low sample volumes offer no obstacle for these precision tools, the company says. Using a large-area heating source in combination with digital sensors, the BioShake iQ heats from ambient to 99°C in a short amount of time, with features that provide ease of use, high levels of comfort and maximum safety.

Electronic batch record execution module Lonza has released the MODA-ES Module v4.0, an upgrade to its electronic batch record (EBR) module that enhances user experience and simplifies integration to expedite product release. The module represents the latest update to the

Pacific Laboratory Products

MODA-ES Electronic Batch Record Execution

www.pacificlab.com.au

Platform, which supports pharmaceutical companies in replacing paper-based processes with

Ultralow-temperature freezers The MDF-DU703VH-PA VIP ECO SMART has been described by PHCbi as its most advanced ultralow-temperature freezer to date. The VIP ECO SMART has been found to use 30% less energy than other leading ENERGY STAR Certified freezers (based on independent third-party testing at time of publication), combining next-generation engineering with SMART control technology to provide a ULT freezer with high energy efficiency and enhanced security and operation. Frost mitigation technology additionally lowers the total cost of ownership. The VIP ECO Natural Refrigerant -86°C Upright Freezer provides minimal environmental impact through natural refrigerants, efficient performance and the EZlatch system for energy efficiency. The robust refrigeration system provides dependable cooling and temperature performance through the PHC engineered heat transfer components and time-tested natural refrigerants. Reserve refrigeration power provides ultrafast temperature recovery following door openings. Smart compressors, natural refrigerants and integrated electronics combine to lower facility operating costs. Freezer operation is managed by the practical balance of temperature performance and energy management. The PHCbi cascade refrigeration platform is based on high-performance compressors designed by PHC specifically for ultralow-temperature applications. The PHCbi cascade system is used on VIP Series upright freezers for temperature storage preferences within a range of -50 to -86°C. These ULT lab freezers use two compressors in a cascade sequence. Both systems work together, running on refrigeration compressors designed to cool themselves as they operate to achieve ultralow temperatures. Bio-Strategy Pty Ltd www.bio-strategy.com

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EBRs in the lab and on the production floor. The improved module is designed to simplify processes, materials and item management, and to enhance batch tracking, approvals and external connectivity. It offers users an increased range of tools and functionality to streamline data capture and prevent errors, enabling quick delivery of medicines to the market. As an end-to-end contract development and manufacturing organisation (CDMO), Lonza is well placed to identify key batch record issues facing manufacturers today. Such challenges include the need to streamline communications between manufacturing and quality control (QC) teams, and to minimise errors in paperbased records. The module addresses these challenges with a user-friendly, easy-to-deploy and configurable EBR system. It can enable users to eliminate labour-intensive, paper-based processes, helping to reduce errors, improve data integrity, accelerate review and approvals, and ultimately expedite product release. The upgraded module builds on the strengths of the existing module, with new features including: robust weighing and dispensing capabilities to enable greater ease and precision; enhanced materials management for greater simplicity; improved user interface for seamless and intuitive browsing; and audit trail enhancements for deeper data contextualisation and at-a-glance updates. Capsugel Australia Pty Ltd lonzabioscience.com.au

LAB+LIFE SCIENTIST - Oct/Nov 2023 | 11

movers&shakers

Rapid test for dengue fever developed Researchers from the University of the

“Our entire testing process took about

Sunshine Coast (UniSC) have developed

35 minutes on the spot, compared to hours

a rapid portable test for one of the world’s

of travel time and PCR processing required

fastest-spreading mosquito-borne diseases,

for current sampling,” Macdonald said.

thanks to a grant of more than $150,000

“In practical terms, people and

from the Bill & Melinda Gates Research

authorities in areas with few resources can

Foundation.

set a trap and test mosquitos each week, to

Dengue fever — a painful and deadly

check whether dengue is present.

disease that infects up to 400 million

“It has the potential to make mosquito

people every year — is a viral infection that

screening more accessible, enhancing

spreads to people from mosquito saliva infected with dengue viruses. There is no treatment other than for relief of symptoms, which include high fever, head and body aches, nausea and rash. “We developed a rapid test, with results that look similar to a COVID-19 home stick test, for each of the four types of dengue virus,” said grant recipient Dr Joanne Macdonald, who published her results on the open-access platform Gates Open Research. Macdonald said the innovative method involved a reagent that inactivated the virus during amplification, enabling simpler, quicker

surveillance and control efforts in countries where dengue is endemic.” Study co-author Dr Nina Pollak has since published a collaborative paper investigating the potential of using the tests to detect dengue in human serum, plasma and blood. This paper also supported the advantages of the new method. “Our tests provided performance and speed without compromising specificity in human plasma and serum and could become promising tools for the detection of high dengue loads in resource-limited settings,” Pollak said.

and cheaper detection with a higher level of sensitivity than existing

The team’s next goal is to combine each test for the four dengue

stick tests. These four tests were sensitive enough to detect even small

serotypes into a single test, to further streamline detection. Co-author

amounts of viral genetic material in mosquitoes using only pipettes

Dr Madeeha Ahmed said the tests aim to lay the groundwork for

and a heating block, instead of expensive laboratory equipment.

future studies focused on actual use and effectiveness in the field.

WA developing a 10-Year Science and Technology Plan WA’s Department of Jobs, Tourism,

improving the quality of life of Western

Science and Innovation (JTSI) is leading the

Australians. The contribution of First Nations

development of a new strategic 10-year Science

peoples to scientific discovery and advances

and Technology Plan for Western Australia

will also be acknowledged, facilitating

(The Plan), which aims to establish the state

greater support for future engagement and

as a global hub for leading and inclusive

endeavours.

science and tech research, development,

“The Cook government’s 10-Year Science

commercialisation and deployment. The Plan

and Technology Plan will elevate Western

will complement current strategies such as

Australia as an exciting global hub of science

Western Australia’s Innovation Strategy, which

and technology development,” said WA Science

establishes a 10-year vision to make WA a

Minister Stephen Dawson. “It will acknowledge

renowned global hub of invention, investment, innovation and impact. The Plan seeks to define pathways to capitalise on the state’s unique

our huge capabilities and expertise in areas such as emerging tech, food security, energy transition and security, the circular economy, First Nations knowledge and more.

advantages, and attract investment and talent to maximise impact. It will

“Building the state’s science and technology capability for the next

highlight WA’s key strengths — including those in radio astronomy, space

decade is essential for the future. These industries will help diversify and

operations, remote technologies, marine science, medical technology and

decarbonise the WA economy, create exciting jobs and help us to solve

food security — as well as opportunities for sustainable living and energy

challenges faced by communities around the world.”

transition, preparedness for AUKUS Pillar II critical technologies and advanced manufacturing. The blueprint will investigate how science and technology can

Broad consultation with stakeholders, including industry, research institutions, Aboriginal groups, government agencies and universities, commenced in September, to establish an inclusive and impactful plan by

provide solutions to current and future challenges — from diversifying

2024. To register your interest in being involved, email sciencetechplan@

and decarbonising the economy, to finding new medical solutions, to

jtsi.wa.gov.au.

12 | LAB+LIFE SCIENTIST - Oct/Nov 2023

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what’s new

Optical emission spectrometers

Intrinsically safe humidity and temperature transmitter series

The Thermo Scientific ARL

The intrinsically safe HMT370EX is suitable for monitoring

iSpark Plus Optical Emis-

relative humidity and temperature in hazardous areas,

sion Spectrometer range

zones 0 to 20. The transmitters can also output other

is designed to stream-

humidity measurements, including dewpoint temperature,

line elemental analysis

wet-bulb temperature, absolute humidity, mixing ratio,

in the metal production,

water concentration, water mass fraction, water vapour

processing and recycling industries, as well as in contract and re-

pressure and enthalpy. In pharmaceutical applications,

search labs. The spectrometers offer metal producers, processors

explosion-proof refrigerators and freezers are often used

and recyclers — as well as contract and research labs — the rapid

to store organic culture media. IS transmitters are also

spectral analysis needed to achieve key productivity, quality and

useful in powder granulation and coating rooms.

environmental objectives.

Because the probe cable lengths are adjustable,

The range builds on the legacy of Thermo Fisher’s flagship ARL

measurement probes can be placed at some distance

iSpark range, combining state-of-the-art technologies, user-friendly

from the transmitter. Flexible probe placement makes the

features and advanced automation algorithms to enable the wide-

transmitter suitable for monitoring in hard-to-reach loca-

range spectral analysis of metal samples and ultrafast detection of

tions. The entire HMT370EX transmitter can be installed

non-metallic inclusions. The ARL iSpark Plus line adds an improved

directly in hazardous areas. It can withstand continuous

spark stand to extend maintenance intervals by 30%, minimise signal

exposure to potentially explosive environments that contain

drift for most elements and provide virtually no memory effect from

flammable gases or dust. In addition, operation in either

preceding samples. Other benefits include high-sensitivity photomul-

gaseous or dusty environments requires no additional

tiplier tube optics, digital spark generation, single spark acquisition,

protective enclosures.

smart argon management and advanced data collection technologies.

The HMT370EX has been

The increased analytical speed and stability of the spectrometers

released with numerous

allows steel plants and foundries to minimise tap-to-tap times, save

certificates for intrinsically

energy, reduce carbon footprints and realise a fast return on investment.

safe compliance, includ-

Thermo Fisher Scientific

ing ATEX, IECEx, CML,

thermofisher.com

NEPSI, KC, FM, MET, CSA and UKEX. Vaisala Pty Ltd

Human cell (HEK293) expressed cytokines and growth factors with high bioactivity HumanKine recombinant proteins from Proteintech

www.vaisala.com

TEER measurement instrument World Precision Instruments (WPI) has launched the latest member of its EVOM family of products, the EVOM Auto. The product enables rapid and reproducible measurements of

are created in HEK293 cells

transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), a well-established

using animal-free compo-

and widely accepted method of evaluating epithelial and

nents.

endothelial cells and tissues, in vitro.

Proteins co-expressed in bacteria will not possess

WPI’s EVOM Auto combines TEER technology with high-

post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation

throughput screening capabilities, resulting in the automated

or glycosylation. For activity, many proteins require these

measurement of resistance in 96-well cell culture plates. This

modifications and the processing which is only available in

data gives scientists and drug discovery laboratories insights

eukaryotic systems; specifically human systems for authentic

into tissue and monolayer barrier integrity, cell permeability

human proteins.

and cell confluency, and can read out the critical physiology

All Humankine recombinant proteins are produced in

of barrier tissues such as

Proteintech’s in-house cGMP-grade laboratory adhering to

the blood–brain barrier, the

strict quality control regulations. This also allows for seam-

gastrointestinal tract, the lung

less transition from research-grade to cGMP.

and the skin.

United Bioresearch Products Pty Ltd

Coherent Scientific Pty Ltd

www.unitedbioresearch.com.au

www.coherent.com.au

www.LabOnline.com.au | www.LifeScientist.com.au

LAB+LIFE SCIENTIST - Oct/Nov 2023 | 13

food fraud

NIST reference materials to help combat seafood fraud If you purchase seafood marked as wild-caught salmon, how do you know that you’re not actually getting cheaper farm-raised salmon, or even an entirely different kind of fish? Researchers at the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) are helping to address this concern with the development of new salmon and shrimp reference materials, now available through the NIST Store.

arm-raised (aquacultured) salmon and shrimp are typically less

In order to develop the reference materials, the NIST researchers needed to get seafood from verified sources. They worked with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Northwest Fisheries Science Center Marine Forensic Laboratory to obtain salmon off the coast of Alaska as well as farm-raised salmon from a river-based aquaculture facility in Washington state. They also collaborated with NOAA researchers at the Hollings Marine Laboratory to get authentic wild-caught shrimp samples off the coast of South Carolina and aquacultured shrimp from a land-based facility in Alabama. To make the reference materials, the researchers cut their samples into small pieces which undertook a process called cryomilling, where they were ground down while simultaneously cooled with liquid nitrogen, turning them into a fine powder. The materials were then bottled in glass jars, tested and analysed for attributes including their fatty acid profiles, crude protein levels and the specific chemical compounds in each material.

expensive to produce compared to wild-caught, which require more resources,

The reference materials help to authenticate shrimp and salmon in different

such as fuel for boats. If producers substitute farmed shrimp for wild-caught,

ways. “For shrimp,” Ellisor said, “genetic analysis methods are used because

they can earn higher profits at a lower cost. The new reference materials can

wild-caught shrimp species that are found in the US market or industry are not

help food inspectors assess the authenticity of seafood, which can then help

typically found in the US aquaculture market. The species will tell you the source.”

verify where the seafood was caught or produced.

For salmon, scientists can look at an analysis of the ratios of omega-3 to

In addition to being useful for industrial food labs, the reference materials will

omega-6 fatty acids found in the salmon’s flesh. The aquacultured salmon reference

help the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and US Customs and Border

materials have twice the amount of omega-3 fatty acids compared to wild-caught.

Protection agencies assess whether imported salmon and shrimp are authentic. As

“We know research shows fatty acid profiles differ in salmon,” said NIST

noted by NIST biologist Debra Ellisor, “There was interest expressed by stakeholders,

chemist Benjamin Place. “The measurement itself is straightforward. Most

including customs officials, about the authenticity of seafood products. When we

food labs can use that method. If it’s not accurate or precise, they may not be

receive imported goods, how do we know they are what they claim to be?”

able to tell the difference between the two.

14 | LAB+LIFE SCIENTIST - Oct/Nov 2023

www.LabOnline.com.au | www.LifeScientist.com.au

The wild-caught and farm-raised salmon and shrimp were cut into smaller pieces so they could be processed further for testing.

high performance steam traps

CONA SteAm trApS B – Bimetallic M – Thermostatic TD – Thermodynamic

CONA S Ball float steam trap

D Ellisor/NIST.

CONA p Pump trap

CONALIFt Mechanical condensate pump

D Ellisor/NIST.

The researchers obtained farm-raised coho salmon from an aquaculture facility in Washington state and wild-caught coho salmon off the coast of Alaska

“If we can recognise a benchmark of wild-caught or aquaculture salmon, then we can give that to the labs,” Place said. Scientists in industry can ultimately

CONA “All-in-One” Multi-valve system

AuSTrAlIAN AGeNT & STockIST

use the reference materials to validate their methods, Ellisor added. The reference materials can additionally be used for food safety and detecting allergens, as well as testing for metals or other contaminants. They also come with a “If a food processing place can use the reference material to say this is the species that it is, then consumers can have more confidence,” Place said. “You

Tel: (03) 9699 7355

now know when you go to a store, you can have full faith the seafood product

www.pressureandsafetysystems.com.au

is the species it says it is and that the labels are true.”

www.LabOnline.com.au | www.LifeScientist.com.au

9303P&SS-WNIPT5-50GJ

certificate of analysis, which contains genetic information on the shrimp and salmon.

LAB+LIFE SCIENTIST - Oct/Nov 2023 | 15

what’s new

Anion exchange purifier The 3M Polisher ST is a fully encapsulated single-use anion exchange (AEX) product intended to reduce host cell protein (HCP) impurities, viruses and other negatively charged contaminants in flow-through polishing chromatography of biopharmaceutical process streams. It is a synthetic, hybrid purifier containing two complementary AEX-functional media: a quaternary ammonium (‘Q’) functional nonwoven and a guanidinium (Gu) functional membrane. Ion exchange chromatography is a commonly used downstream polishing purification technique in the production of mAbs and many other therapeutic proteins. The limitation with traditional anion exchange chromatography is that the binding capacity is diffusion-limited and the interaction strength of the ligand depends on operating conditions like pH and conductivity. The 3M product, with its nonwoven and membrane skeletons, provides mechanical strength and durability, while the grafted hydrogel functionality creates a large three-dimensional surface area that contains a high density of functional groups with interconnected pores allowing for convective flow channels that are able to achieve high flow rates. The high density of binding sites, together with a macroporous structure, enables high binding capacity for not only HCP, but also large molecules, such as viruses and DNA. The high density of binding sites and low residence time also results in high mAb recovery (>95%). The high ligand density on the advanced anion exchange membrane provides robust impurity removal and viral clearance. It also provides a 50 to 100x higher mAb load capacity than chromatography resin beads, the company says, which allows further reduction of the media volume requirement. The impurity clearance performance (HCP≤1000 ppm, ≤100 ppb DNA, and viral clearance) is independent of the load up to 10 kg/ m2, enabling downsizing of the unit operation. Other benefits include: operation in robust process conditions (pH 5 to 9 and conductivity 3 to 20 mS/cm); HCP reduction of >60% in phosphate buffer, >22% in citrate buffer; virus reduction >4-log; DNA clearance down to LOD levels (~0.05 ppb DNA); ease of use due to elimination of column packing, unpacking, cleaning and storage; and downstream process intensification through a combination of high flow rates with high binding. 3M Australia - Separation & Purification Sciences www.3mpurification.com.au

Molecular filter Camfil’s CamCarb XG is a versatile, ergonomic and corrosion-resistant filter suitable for supply, recirculation and exhaust air systems in commercial, industrial and process applications. Its conical shape enables high removal efficiency while maintaining low-pressure drop. The filter’s patented design maximises adsorbent media utilisation, resulting in an overall lighter-weight filter with

Microinjectors

a longer lifetime compared to the previous-generation

WPI’s new-generation pressure injectors are quickly replacing the legacy

cylinder. This lowers the total cost of ownership (TCO).

line of pneumatic valve PicoPump pressure injectors, the PV820 and

Along with improved filter performance, the product

PV830 having been a staple in the microinjection market for decades.

features robust construction and is incinerable, with no

The company’s three latest injectors facilitate any type of microinjec-

adhesive used in construction, no degradation of media

tion that involves glass micropipettes. They are the MICRO-ePUMP

and negligible outgassing. It is fillable with a wide range

Microinjector with an integrated cell penetrator and internal pressure

of molecular filtration media for various applications.

source; the µPUMP Microinjector with internal pressure source; and the PV850 Microinjector for use with external pressure sources.

CamCarb XG can be installed in supply, recirculation and exhaust air systems. When mounted in the holding

WPI Microinjectors use carefully regulated air pressure for injecting

frame, all internal leaks are eliminated for high-efficiency

cells with fluid. Injected volumes range from picolitres to nanolitres.

operation. The product can also be supplied in Camfil’s

The port supplies positive pressure for high-pressure ejection. The

air cleaners with a molecular module or in a CamCube/

pressure port maintains a low positive ‘compensation’ pressure to

GlidePack housing.

the injecting pipette between injection pulses to prevent fluid uptake through capillary action. The WPI Microinjectors are designed to inject very small quantities of

Two-stage filtration is available as an option, with a mounting rail for 48 mm particle pre- or after-filters. Housings are used in comfort and industrial applications.

fluids, such as drugs, into cells or small organelles. Pressure injection

Camfil Australia Pty Limited

is an especially useful alternative to electroionophoresis, since it does

www.camfil.com/en-au

not mandate the use of charged ions. Two different positive pressures may be applied: one for ejection at high pressure and a second, lower pressure to prevent back filling of the pipette by capillary action. Coherent Scientific Pty Ltd www.coherent.com.au

16 | LAB+LIFE SCIENTIST - Oct/Nov 2023

www.LabOnline.com.au | www.LifeScientist.com.au

SPONSORED CONTENT

Unravelling the Mysteries of Proteins:

Meet Aurora, by RedShiftBio Researchers constantly seek advanced technologies to better understand the intricacies of proteins, and one such groundbreaking innovation is the RedShiftBio Aurora Microfluidic Modulation Spectroscopy (MMS) System. Protein structure is directly related to its

the power to analyse both low- and high-

function in cells, and so understanding protein

concentration

structure is crucial in many fields ranging

buffer without excipient interference, to

from drug development to food science.

detect small but critical structural changes.

The ability to detect the slightest changes in

samples,

formulation

biomolecule higher-order structure allows the

The Benefits of Aurora MMS

identification of the molecules, formulations,

What sets this system apart is its ability

and conditions which are most likely to lead

to perform these analyses with minimal

to stable drug and food products.

sample requirements (50µL of sample), high

Traditionally, protein analysis has been

sensitivity and exceptional accuracy — all

a complex and time-consuming process,

within an automated space-saving unit that is

often requiring large sample quantities

simple to operate. The Aurora MMS system

and intricate procedures. This challenge

provides a wealth of information about the

has spurred scientists to seek innovative

protein’s secondary structure, allowing users

solutions, and the Aurora MMS System by

to gain insights into its folding, stability, and

RedShiftBio is at the forefront of this protein

conformation. Proteins can be analysed at

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concentrations as low as 0.2 mg/mL to >200 mg/ml, a capability that was once considered

The Aurora MMS System: A Game Changer in Protein Analysis Aurora

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The Science Behind Aurora MMS: How It Works Microfluidic

Modulation

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(MMS) technology combines mid-infrared

structural analysis of a wide range of

laser

biomolecules

peptides,

built-in real time referencing and advanced

antibodies, mRNA, ADCs, and AAVs. It

signal processing to provide high sensitivity

measures structural changes due to buffer/

measurements with no buffer interference.

pH/formulation, stress, point mutations,

The tuneable laser in the secondary structure

binding partners, and storage conditions.

analysis tools probes the protein solution

When compared to CD or FTIR, MMS can

through a microfluidic cell. Sample and

detect structural change 20x faster and with

reference (buffer) streams rapidly alternate to

30x greater sensitivity1. MMS combines a

continuously allow background subtraction,

high-power Quantum Cascade Laser with

dramatically

real-time buffer referencing. This provides

precision, accuracy, and signal-to-noise.

proteins,

spectroscopy

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improving

microfluidics,

measurement

Structure, Stability, Similarity, and Stress Characterisation of a commercial mAb and Two Biosimilar Drugs Using MMS — presented at Formulation and Delivery 2023 in San Diego! Biologic drugs are complex and difficult to replicate, however, a biosimilar can be approved if it is shown to be highly similar to the originator. In this study, MMS was used to: 1) show the structural similarity between a commercial mAb and two research-grade biosimilar drugs, 2) compare their structure in different formulations, and 3) test their stability under different stress conditions. None of the three drugs showed structural differences in different buffers, but heat stress had a greater structural effect on the commercial mAb in PBS than in formulation buffer. Future work will replicate the heat stress study with the biosimilars to understand their thermal stability (https://bit.ly/3PLCfe8). In a world where proteins are the key to unlocking scientific mysteries and therapeutic applications, the Aurora MMS System is illuminating the path toward a brighter and more informed future. With its capacity to reveal the hidden secrets of proteins, it stands as a testament to the power of MMS technology and the potential for advancing protein therapeutics. To request a demo, proofof-concept, or a discussion on how MMS can enhance your research or product development goals, please contact ATA Scientific at +61 2 9541 3500 or enquiries@atascientific.com.au. 1. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jan 2020

ATA Scientific Pty Ltd www.atascientific.com.au

Peter Philipp, ANZ General Manager, Neo4j

iStock.com/NicoElNino

Transforming life sciences and health care with

graph technology

Life sciences and health care involve increasingly vast amounts of data that contain valuable insights to improve health and treatment outcomes. But storing, mining and analysing this information is increasingly beyond the scope of traditional databases and analytics tools.

highly interconnected data, making it possible

sciences problems at every scale in the following areas:

datasets, leading to better drug discovery, disease diagnosis and personalised treatments.

to traverse relationships quickly and answer complicated queries. This presents a range of applications for the healthcare sector that can help solve complicated life

1. Drug discovery

In traditional data systems, data is typically

In traditional drug discovery, researchers typically

organised into tables with rows and columns.

screen large libraries of compounds against a

his is where graph technology can

This works for storing and querying structured

single target protein or pathway. This often fails

play a critical role. It can help life sciences

data but struggles with complex datasets. Graph

to consider the complex interplay between various

users — pharmaceutical companies, chemical

technology is a specialised data system representing

proteins and pathways within the body. With

manufacturers, biotech startups and healthcare

data points as nodes and links to show their

graph data science, an analytics and machine

providers — integrate and analyse large, complex

relationships. They’re ideal for querying huge,

learning (ML) solution, the complex interactions

26 | LAB+LIFE SCIENTIST - Oct/Nov 2023

www.LabOnline.com.au | www.LifeScientist.com.au

data handling

between biological molecules can be modelled and

tracking devices. This can help identify risk factors

4. Healthcare analytics

analysed, making it easier to identify potential drug

and deliver highly personalised treatment plans.

Health data comes from various disparate

targets and predict the effects of different drugs.

In GSK’s case, its patient-centric data graph

sources, such as electronic medical records,

GSK, formerly GlaxoSmithKline, is leveraging

will integrate all these different sources, providing

claims and patient-generated data. These can

knowledge graphs to improve clinical reporting

rich contextual knowledge into an individual

be connected in a graph along with other data

workflows, answer critical scientific questions and

patient’s situation. This will lead to accelerated

sources, such as social determinants of health

manage drug discovery projects. A knowledge graph

decision-making — critical for optimal patient

or environmental factors. This may reveal

connects and contextualises various data structures

care — and enables greater control over data

potential links between these factors and possible

and formats to unearth relationships and make

privacy and patient consent.

interventions to improve health outcomes by

more informed predictions and decisions. GSK spends tremendous time processing

addressing the underlying factors.

3. Disease diagnosis

Novartis has used graph technology to

data through its life cycle, from initial collection

Graph technology offers a more holistic approach

combine its data with medical information from

to study and reports and, ultimately, submission.

to disease diagnosis, making it easier to analyse

the National Institutes of Health’s PubMed.

Much of this data has traditionally been held in

biological data and uncover patterns and

It contains 25 million abstracts from around

isolated silos, in complex programmatical scripts,

connections between biological markers and

5600 scientific journals, connecting linked

making it very difficult for non-programmers

symptoms. For example, by building a graph of

genes, diseases and compounds in a triangular

to understand and for researchers to connect

gene expression data from patients with a specific

pattern. Researchers can then make queries

and analyse. Instead, GSK is moving away

disease, researchers can identify gene expression

such as: “I want to find compounds similar to

from isolated data domain silos to a single,

patterns associated with the disease and key genes

this compound that have annotations about

contextualised Clinical Knowledge Graph that

and pathways that may be involved.

this disease”.

DZD, the German Center for Diabetes

Graph technology is a powerful tool for

Research, uses graph technology to bridge different

life sciences analytics that allows researchers to

2. Precision medicine

datasets and find treatment measures for diabetes

model and analyse complex interactions between

Graph data science can enable much more

across multiple disciplines. Scientists can examine

different variables and outcomes in healthcare

personalised and targeted treatment plans based on

the disease from many different angles to better

data. By uncovering patterns and connections

a patient’s unique genetic and biological makeup. A

understand diabetes’ causes, asking questions in

that may not be apparent through traditional

graph can be constructed of an individual’s genomic

natural language such as: “Can a specific change

approaches, graph technology can result in more

data and analyse data from other sources such

be attributed to a healthier diet, a drug or a hitherto

targeted and effective healthcare interventions,

as electronic health records and wearable health

unknown factor?”

improving patient outcomes and reducing costs.

anyone can easily follow.

www.LabOnline.com.au | www.LifeScientist.com.au

LAB+LIFE SCIENTIST - Oct/Nov 2023 | 27

what’s new

X-ray diffractometer

Analyser for on-demand protein titre measurements

The Thermo Scientific ARL X’TRA Companion X-ray Diffractometer has been launched to support routine

Protein titre measurements are a key param-

phase analysis for quality monitoring in any laboratory.

eter to monitor bioprocess reactors, but until

The benchtop θ/θ Bragg-Brentano X-ray diffractometer

now obtaining them has required sending

has been designed to provide precision, safety and

samples for analysis by HPLC, often requiring

ease of use in a compact, low-maintenance design that

many hours or even days before results are

can be easily incorporated into any setting. Its solid

returned. Now, users without chromatography

state 2D detector means high-resolution data is collected within minutes, to support

experience can get the titre measurements

efficient and informed process control and consistent product quality.

they need on-line or at-line in minutes, gen-

The latest in Thermo Fisher Scientific’s X-ray diffraction (XRD) product line, the instru-

erating actionable results and optimising the

ment enables rapid and comprehensive analysis of phases in a wide range of samples,

utilisation of the bioreactors. This allows for

from clinker to battery materials. Its advanced detector and precision optics provide

more efficient use of resources and can lead

high-resolution data, enabling users to carefully monitor the quality and consistency

to cost savings.

of their processes, manage costs of productions and comply with current regulations.

The HaLCon Analyser is an advanced, fit-

Efficient sample loading and intuitive software streamline the workflow to improve

for-purpose, liquid chromatography platform

throughput and productivity, while automated transmission of results to a laboratory

designed to provide protein titre results

information management system provides efficient and secure data management.

equivalent to traditional protein A, HPLC

The diffractometer is designed to provide phase analysis in any laboratory, including

with a faster and easier platform method.

in cement, ore mining and battery material production. Key features include: a sample

The analyser integrates seamlessly into any

changer allowing high-throughput analysis of sample batches; intuitive software that

bioprocessing suite without disrupting exist-

makes the instrument accessible to operators of varying skill levels with minimal train-

ing workflows or equipment and requires no

ing; mineral analysis allowing identification of polymorphisms, such as C3S M1/M3 in

chromatography expertise.

clinker, to monitor quality and process efficiency; XRD and X-ray fluorescence analysis

The HaLCon Analyser fills a key gap in the

to improve interpretation of results; remote diagnostics to enable a quick response

tools available to scientists and technicians in

to any issues detected; a robust design to reduce downtime and maintenance costs;

bioprocess development and manufacturing,

and backing by Thermo Fisher’s high-level support services to maximise uptime and

allowing protein titre to be measured routinely

workflow compliance.

and easily. It makes it possible for users

Thermo Fisher Scientific

without advanced HPLC training to obtain an

thermofisher.com

equivalent protein titre measurement in under 5 min right at the point of need, allowing for efficient use of bioprocess reactors and freeing up valuable HPLCs and highly trained analysts to run more complex experiments. ATA Scientific Pty Ltd www.atascientific.com.au

Multipurpose scale Pacific Laboratory Products has an economical scale from Ohaus available for basic weighing needs. The Valor 1000 Series V11P3T is suitable

for food prepara-

tion and portioning applications, with standard features including a large (250 x 180 mm) removable stainless steel weighing platform for easy cleaning; checkweighing mode for quick weight checking; and the freedom of portability, provided by its long-lasting (100 h) internal rechargeable battery. The product has a maximum capacity of 3 kg; readability of 0.5 g; dimensions measuring 110 x 250 x 307 mm; net weight of 3.2 kg; and linearity ±0.5 g. Other features include: tare range by subtraction up to capacity; dual backlit LCDs (front and rear); an AC adapter; external calibration software; selectable environmental settings; selectable weighing units; and operating temperature from 0–40°C, 80% RH, non-condensing. Pacific Laboratory Products www.pacificlab.com.au

28 | LAB+LIFE SCIENTIST - Oct/Nov 2023

www.LabOnline.com.au | www.LifeScientist.com.au

HIV treatment

Blood cancer drug

attacks dormant HIV cells

iStock.com/Artem_Egorov

An existing blood cancer drug has shown promise in killing ‘silent’ HIV cells and delaying reinfection, which could potentially lead to a future cure for the disease.

cells and delaying viral rebound, venetoclax has

ART, finding that venetoclax was also able to

shown promise beyond that of currently approved

reduce the amount of HIV DNA in these white

treatments.”

blood cells. Co-first author Dr Youry Kim, a

He added, “Every achievement in delaying

postdoctoral researcher at the Doherty Institute,

IV primarily targets CD4+ T cells,

this virus from returning brings us closer to

said venetoclax potently reduced the amount of

a type of white blood cell crucial for the immune

preventing the disease from re-emerging in people

intact viral DNA in patient cells when studied in

system to properly function. It is within these cells

living with HIV. Our findings are hopefully a step

the laboratory.

that HIV can lie dormant, ready to reactivate if the

towards this goal.”

virus is not effectively suppressed.

“This indicates that venetoclax is selectively

The study marks the first time venetoclax has

killing the infected cells, which rely on key proteins

These hibernating, infected cells are the

been used on its own to assess HIV persistence in

to survive,” Kim said. “Venetoclax has the ability

reason why people living with HIV require lifelong

preclinical models. However, the researchers also

to antagonise one of the key survival proteins.”

treatment — antiretroviral therapy (ART) cannot

found the cancer treatment can be combined with

A Phase I/IIb clinical trial using venetoclax

target these cells, meaning it can only suppress

another drug that acts on the same pathway and

to treat HIV will start at the end of the year in

the virus rather than cure it. If a person stops

is currently in clinical trials, to achieve a longer

Denmark, with plans to expand the study to

taking their medication, the hibernating cells will

delay in viral rebound, with a shorter duration of

Melbourne in 2024. To be co-led by Doherty

reactivate within a very short time frame, leading

venetoclax treatment.

Institute Director Professor Sharon Lewin, the trial

to a resurgence of the virus.

“It has long been understood that one drug

will replicate the preclinical study to assess safety

In a new study, published in the journal Cell

may not be enough to completely eliminate HIV,”

and tolerability in people living with HIV who are

Reports Medicine, researchers at the Walter and

Arandjelovic said. “This finding has supported that

on suppressive ART.

Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI)

theory, while uncovering venetoclax’s powerful

used the cancer drug venetoclax on enhanced

potential as a weapon against HIV.”

“It’s exciting to see venetoclax, which has already helped thousands of blood cancer patients,

preclinical models of HIV and found it delayed

As part of the same study, scientists at

now being repurposed as a treatment that could

the virus from rebounding by two weeks, even

The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and

also help change the lives of people living with

without ART. As noted by co-first author Dr

Immunity studied human CD4+ T cells donated

HIV and put an end to the requirement for lifelong

Philip Arandjelovic, “In attacking dormant HIV

by people living with HIV who are on suppressive

medication,” Lewin said.

www.LabOnline.com.au | www.LifeScientist.com.au

LAB+LIFE SCIENTIST - Oct/Nov 2023 | 29

what’s new

Flow switch and monitor In a range of industries, the close control of toxic and/or combustible gases requires the continuous monitoring of analysers to ensure their

Bead mill homogeniser

safe, effective use to protect employees and assure product quality.

Capella Science has

Fluid Components International’s FS10A Analyzer Flow Switch/Monitor is

partnered with OMNI

a sophisticated universal flow switch and monitor specifically designed

to introduce the Bead

for gas and liquid process analyser sampling systems.

Ruptor 24 Bead Mill Ho-

Utilising FCI’s thermal dispersion flow measurement technology, the

mogeniser (19-070) in order to drive performance

device is designed with proprietary equal mass sensing to achieve

and cost efficiencies for 2 mL tube users. Designed

good sensitivity and repeatability. The instrument’s wetted parts are

with a fixed 2 mL tube carriage, the powerful device

corrosion-resistant 316L stainless steel with Hastelloy C-22 sensor tips.

processes volumes from 200 µL–2 mL tubes and

The sensor element has no moving parts to foul, clog or maintain. There

is an economical solution for 2 mL tube users.

are no cavities, orifices or dead-legs to trap or contaminate samples,

With speeds of up to 6.5 m/s, the Bead Ruptor

which preserves sample integrity and enables fast sampling times.

24 Bead Mill Homogeniser’s performance decreases

The instrument’s remote configuration is Div 1/Zone 1 FM approved

processing time and reduces sample heating to

for hazardous environments. The remote configuration is useful when

maximise sample preparation efficiency. Compat-

the sensor’s installation area is subjected to high temperatures or for

ible with the Bead Ruptor Cryo Cooling Unit, it is

mounting directly to the front panel of the analyser, placing its display

suitable for a variety of applications including DNA/

in a more convenient location for technician viewing.

RNA extraction, tissue homogenisation, enzyme

The fast-responding, repeatable device is designed with an easy-to-

isolation, cell lysis and protein purification.

read, top-mounted, flow rate monitoring LED array for at-a-glance visual

A range of 2 mL pre-filled bead mill tubes are

indication of operational status of proper flow rate to the analyser or

available for different sample types to enable con-

sampling system, or that an alarm/trip point has occurred. The flow

sistent sample homogenisation. From its program-

switch’s set-point is user-settable via two push-buttons accessible at

mable memory to its multilingual user interface and

the top of the unit or via the RS232C I/O port.

convenient front-loading design, the homogeniser is

The product is suitable for use with nearly all types of

designed to optimise tube motion, reduce swirling

process and emissions sampling systems, including

and offer some of the highest bead impact forces

gas chromatographs (GCs), mass spectrometers,

of any bead mill on the market.

optical spectrometers, photometers and others.

Key system highlights include a fixed 2 mL tube

Standard configurations will accommodate

carriage for processing 24 tubes per cycle; com-

standard 1/8″, 1/4″, 3/8″ and 1/2″ tubing as

patibility with the Bead Ruptor Cryo Cooling Unit;

well as the SP76 (NeSSi) modular manifold. In

performance range up to 6.5 m/s in increments

addition to its SIL-2 rating, the product features

of 0.15 m/s; programmable touchscreen; run time

global hazardous area operations approvals

from 1 s to 9:59 min; 200 µL to 2 mL processing

including ATEX, CE, CRN, EAC/TR CU, FM, FMc

volume; and locking safety lid.

and IECEx for use in Div 2/Zone 2 environments.

For research use only. Not for diagnostic

AMS Instrumentation & Calibration Pty Ltd

procedures.

www.ams-ic.com.au

Capella Science www.capellascience.com.au

30 | LAB+LIFE SCIENTIST - Oct/Nov 2023

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materials testing

Scientists witness metal healing itself Green marks the spot where a fissure formed, then fused back together in this artistic rendering of nanoscale self-healing in metal, discovered at Sandia National Laboratories. Red arrows indicate the direction of the pulling force that unexpectedly triggered the phenomenon. Image credit: Dan Thompson

Scientists from Sandia National Laboratories and Texas A&M University have witnessed pieces of metal crack and then fuse back together without any human intervention, overturning fundamental scientific theories in the process.

f this newly discovered phenomenon could

be harnessed, it could usher in an engineering revolution — one in which self-healing engines, bridges and airplanes could reverse damage caused by wear and tear. Fatigue damage is one way machines wear out and eventually break. Repeated stress or motion causes microscopic cracks to form; over time, these cracks grow and spread until the whole device fails. “From solder joints in our electronic devices to our vehicle’s engines to the bridges that we drive

From theory to reality

injury. Over time, the crack regrew along a

In 2013, Michael Demkowicz — then an

different direction.

assistant professor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, now a full professor at Texas A&M

“This was absolutely stunning to watch firsthand,” Boyce said.

— published a theory in Physical Review Letters,

“What we have confirmed is that metals

based on findings in computer simulations,

have their own intrinsic, natural ability to heal

that under certain conditions metal should be

themselves, at least in the case of fatigue damage

able to weld shut cracks formed by wear and

at the nanoscale.”

tear. The discovery that his theory was true

Boyce, who was aware of Demkowicz’s

came inadvertently at the Center for Integrated

theory, contacted the professor to share the

Nanotechnologies, a Department of Energy user

team’s findings. Demkowicz then recreated the

facility jointly operated by Sandia and Los Alamos

experiment on a computer model, substantiating

national laboratories.

that the phenomenon witnessed at Sandia was the

Khalid Hattar, now an associate professor at

same one he had theorised years earlier.

over, these structures often fail unpredictably due

the University of Tennessee, and Chris Barr, who

A lot remains unknown about the self-healing

to cyclic loading that leads to crack initiation and

now works for the Department of Energy’s Office

process, including whether it will become a practical

eventual fracture,” said Sandia materials scientist

of Nuclear Energy, were running an experiment at

tool in a manufacturing setting. As noted by Boyce,

Brad Boyce. “When they do fail, we have to contend

Sandia when the discovery was made. They only

“We show this happening in nanocrystalline metals

with replacement costs, lost time and, in some cases,

meant to evaluate how cracks formed and spread

in vacuum, but we don’t know if this can also be

even injuries or loss of life.”

through a nanoscale piece of platinum using a

induced in conventional metals in air.”

Although scientists have created some self-healing

specialised electron microscope technique they

Yet for all the unknowns, the discovery —

materials — mostly plastics — the notion of a self-

had developed to repeatedly pull on the ends of

which has been published in the journal Nature

healing metal has largely been the domain of science

the metal 200 times per second.

— provides a leap forward for the field of materials

fiction. As noted by Boyce, “Cracks in metals were only

Surprisingly, about 40 minutes into the

science. Demkowicz concluded, “My hope is that

ever expected to get bigger, not smaller. Even some of

experiment, the damage reversed course. One

this finding will encourage materials researchers

the basic equations we use to describe crack growth

end of the crack fused back together as if it was

to consider that, under the right circumstances,

preclude the possibility of such healing processes.”

retracing its steps, leaving no trace of the former

materials can do things we never expected.”

www.LabOnline.com.au | www.LifeScientist.com.au

LAB+LIFE SCIENTIST - Oct/Nov 2023 | 31

Advancing food science with

microfluidic modulation spectroscopy An interview with Dr Woojeong Kim Most journeys in scientific research begin with curiosity and a hunger to make a meaningful impact on humanity. Here Dr Woojeong Kim, a passionate researcher in the field of food science and engineering, shares her inspiring journey and remarkable contributions made in the realm of food research.

rom utilising traditional Chinese food

for novel applications to revolutionising protein analysis with cutting-edge technology, Kim and her research group are driving a food transformation as the world looks for a more sustainable food system

compounds’, earned her the prestigious Dean’s

differences in characteristics between plant-based

that tastes good too. This article explores Kim’s

Award at UNSW. Her passion for the subject

and animal-based products. At the heart of her

journey into science, her passion for research, and

propelled her to new heights, being named a

research is processing technologies used to enhance

the transformative role of microfluidic modulation

finalist for the IChemE Global Award in the Young

the functionality of plant proteins. Led by Professor

spectroscopy in her work.

Researcher category. Kim eagerly anticipates

Cordelia Selomulya, her research group focuses

presenting her latest work in Japan after being

on food engineering, functional dairy and food

From yuba to groundbreaking research

selected as one of the 2023 Rising Stars Asia to

products, and particle technology. They emphasise

During her master’s studies, Kim identified a novel

attend Asian Deans’ Forum 2023 – The Rising

the importance of exploring food ingredients from

application of yuba, a traditional Chinese food for

Stars Women in Engineering Workshop, hosted

plant sources, aligning with the growing trend towards

meat packaging. This discovery ignited a passion

by The University of Tokyo.

plant-based alternatives in the food industry.

for food research.

“The most enjoyable aspect of my work is

Recent experiences, such as a visit to the IFT

“When I found out that traditional Chinese

the opportunity to try new things and discover

FIRST Annual Event and Expo, further fuelled

food could be used for other purposes, I was excited

groundbreaking findings daily,” Kim said. “I

Kim’s passion for sustainable food processing

to work more on research to benefit humanity

find great satisfaction in applying cutting-edge

technologies and leveraging food waste to create

from food production to consumption,” Kim said.

technologies to analyse food samples and publishing

valuable ingredients.

The journey continued as Kim pursued a

“With the ever-growing world population,

the results in scientific journals.”

PhD, during which she explored the potential

food research has become crucial for addressing

of plant-based proteins and their applications.

Unveiling the future of food

the complicated challenges associated with food

Her thesis, titled ‘Pea/whey protein complexes

Kim’s focus on plant-based foods is a rapidly growing

production, distribution and consumption,” Kim

for microencapsulation of lipophilic bioactive

sector that poses unique challenges due to the

said. “Research on plant-based foods is critical in

32 | LAB+LIFE SCIENTIST - Oct/Nov 2023

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food science

for a suitable method to

“I was very lucky to have access to MMS

characterise the protein

technology during my PhD,” Kim said. “It

secondary structure during

addressed the limitations of traditional protein

her PhD project on cross-

structural analysis techniques with its accuracy

linking of pea/whey protein

and the ability to measure a wide range of protein

complexes. Struggling with

concentrations and has enabled the precise

traditional analysis methods

characterisation of complex food formulations,

like FT-IR and circular

particularly those involving plant proteins.”

dichroism spectroscopy, Kim sought a more accurate

A glimpse into the future

and effective solution for

Looking ahead, Kim is excited about expanding the

characterising protein

application of MMS technology further within her

secondary structure.

group’s research. With an MMS instrument now

Through the StructIR

available in their lab supported by ATA Scientific,

Lab Grant program from

the group aims to conduct further experiments,

RedShiftBio, Kim gained access

testing samples at various concentrations and

to MMS technology using the shaping the future of food production, advancing

AQS3pro instrument. She found that this marked

human health, addressing environmental concerns

a major leap forward in food analysis by offering

and promoting sustainability.”

unparalleled accuracy and the ability to analyse a wide range of protein concentrations. Her

Revolutionising protein structural analysis: the RedShiftBio MMS technique

findings were published in a scientific journal,

In 2021, Kim encountered microfluidic

history as the first application of MMS in food

modulation spectroscopy (MMS) when searching

analysis in early 2023.1

Food Bioscience, and are believed to have made

protein structures in emulsions. The potential for MMS to revolutionise protein analysis in food science is substantial, and Kim anticipates its widespread adoption in research in the near future. 1. Kim, W., Wang, Y., Ma, M., Ye, Q., Collins, V. I. and Selomulya, C. (2023). Secondary structure characterization of mixed food protein complexes using microfluidic modulation spectroscopy (MMS). Food Bioscience, 53, 102513.

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