GLOBAL LANDMARKS VOL PART A

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5 ISBN 978-976-95731-9-6

GLOBAL LANDMARKS VOL.1

Notre-Dame de la GardeToulon France, Digital, William Anderson Gittens Devgro Media Arts Services

May 17 2017

WILLIAM ANDERSON GITTENS Author B.A., Cinematographer, Cultural Practitioner,Dip.Com. Arts, , Media Arts Specialists’ Publisher

I dedicate this publication to my late parents, Charles Alderson Gittens and Ira Louise Mayers Gittens

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5

Foreword In our globalised, multicultural societies, the global landscape is punctuated with Global Landmarks. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia has described landmarks are recognizable natural or artificial feature used for navigation, a feature that stands out from its near environment and is often visible from long distances. In modern use, the term can also be applied to smaller structures or features, that have become local or national symbols., to elsewhere in the world.

For example the Global Landmarks are accepted as local and national symbols in Athens, Barbados, Cartagena, Spain, Florence,Gibraltar, London , Mykonos, Naples, Rapallo, Rhodes, Rome, Santorini, Sicily, Spain, and Toulon. However, despite the fact that Global Landmarks have to do with their pure existence, there are structure environments which appear in our sketches, in descriptions of meeting points or routes, and they are remarkable objects of an environment especially in tourist brochures. Global landmarks pose a major challenged for artificial intelligence and human-computer interaction. so far, research aiming for intelligent interaction design has suffered from a lack of understanding and formal modeling of landmarks according to Andreas Dieberger of Emory University . https://

people.eng.unimelb.edu.au/winter/pubs/book-landmarks-sample-(ch-1).pdf. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/11433700.pdf#page=104 perspective

It must be noted that Christopher McFadden has asserted that since the fall of the Roman Empire, various architectural styles have sprung up that borrowed heavily from the surviving Roman buildings throughout Europe. These new styles would also be exported outside of Europe.https://interestingengineering.com/21-famous-buildings-and-monuments-influenced-by-roman-architecture For example, I interpret these new styles to mean Global Landmarks since they occupy spaces in 195 countries such as Athens, Barbados, Cartagena, Florence, Gibraltar, London, Mykonos, Naples, Rapallo, Rhodes, Rome, Sicily, Santorini , Spain, and Toulon. The same seemed to be influenced by Rome’s various architectural styles https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=1ZL-DR_-D3M&t=27s

William Anderson Gittens Author B.A., Cinematographer, Cultural Practitioner,Dip.Com. Arts, ,

Media Arts Specialists’ Publisher

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5

Abstract Andreas Dieberger of Emory University has asserted Electronically, as information becomes more complex there is that distinct plausibility that Global Landmarks may become a useful navigational aid /tool especially in tourist brochures. https://people.eng.unimelb.edu.au/winter/ pubs/book-landmarks-sample-(ch-1).pdf. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/11433700.pdf#page=104 perspective Tourist brochures include Athens,Barbados, Cartagena, Florence, Gibraltar, London, Mykonos, Naples, Rapallo, Rhodes, Rome, Santorini, Sicily, Spain, and Toulon . The physical appearance of these Global Landmarks appear to be influenced by Roman architectural systems since the fall of its Empire. In addition, the fact that A World Heritage site is a landmark or area which is selected by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) as having cultural, historical, scientific or other form of significance, and is legally protected by international treaties solidifies my argument. To be selected, a World Heritage Site must be an already classified landmark, unique in some respect as a geographically and historically identifiable place having special cultural or physical significance (such as an ancient ruin or historical structure, building, city, complex, desert, forest, island, lake, monument, mountain, or wilderness area). Ann Marie Sullivan, Cultural Heritage & New Media: A Future for the Past, 15 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 604 (2016) https://repository.jmls.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1392&context=riplIt may signify a remarkable accomplishment of humanity, and serve as evidence of our intellectual history on the planet.Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. "The Criteria for Selection". whc.unesco.org. Retrieved 1 February 2018.The rationale for this e-publication, is to create an intellectual consciousness and appreciation for Global Landmarks as works of art and how they punctuate and occupy strategic spaces within their geographical landscape within 195 countries in the world today. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Heritage_site Further, Dieberger https://people.eng.unimelb.edu.au/winter/pubs/book-landmarks-sample-(ch-1).pdf. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/11433700.pdf#page=104 perspective Andreas Dieberger of Emory University has asserted that Global Landmarks have to do with their pure existence, and their structure environments appear in cultural sketches, in descriptions of meeting points or routes, and they are remarkable objects of an environment especially in tourist brochures. When I deconstruct Dieberger ’s expression it is clear that Global Landmarks pose a major challenged for artificial intelligence and human-computer interaction h . It is for this reason that any research aiming for intelligent interaction design has suffered from a lack of understanding and formal modeling of Global Landmarks. Finally, the more that I analyze Dieberger ,and McFadden’s excerpts together with the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ World_Heritage_siteangle I am convinced that this is the underpinning for my narrative conversation Global Landmarks Volume 1. ttps://people.eng.unimelb.edu.au/winter/pubs/book-landmarks-sample-(ch-1).pdf.

11433700.pdf#page=104 perspective

Andreas Dieberger of Emory University

William Anderson Gittens Author B.A., Cinematographer, Cultural Practitioner,Dip.Com. Arts, , Media Arts Specialists’ Publisher

ISBN 978-976-95731-9-6

https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5 GLOBAL LANDMARKS VOL.1 First Edition © 2018 All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of William Anderson Gittens the copyright owner.

Typesetting, Layout Design, Illustrations, and DigitalPhotography - William Anderson Gittens Author, Cultural Practitioner, Media Arts Specialist, Edited by William Anderson Gittens ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5 Published by Devgro Media Arts Services GLOBAL LANDMARKS VOL.1 First Edition © 2018 Printed by Massy Technologies InfoCom (Barbados) Ltd. Tel: 246 2404174 https://www.instagram.com/gittens.william/ Twitter account William Gittens @lisalaron https://www.facebook.com/wgittens2 www.linkedin.com/pub/william-gittens/95/575/35b/ William Anderson Gittens Email address wgittens11@gmail.com

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William Anderson Gittens Author B.A., Cinematographer, Cultural Practitioner,Dip.Com. Arts, ,Media Arts Specialists’ Publisher

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5

Contents FOREWORD………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….3

ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….5

TABLE OF CONTENTS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..8

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………12

DEDICATION……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….13

INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……14

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5 CHAPTER 1ATHENS……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………… 17

CHAPTER 2 BARBADOS………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..… 39

CHAPTER 3 CARTAGENA………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 50

CHAPTER 4 FLORENCE……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………58

CHAPTER 5 GIBRALTAR……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………64

CHAPTER 6 LONDON………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..73

CHAPTER 7MYKONOS……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..80

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5

CHAPTER 8 NAPLES……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………88

CHAPTER 9 RAPALLO…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………97

CHAPTER 10 RHODES………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……105

CHAPTER 11 ROME…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………115

CHAPTER 12 SANTORINI……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………129

CHAPTER 13 SICILY……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………137

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5 CHAPTER 14 SPAIN………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..141

CHAPTER 15 TOULON……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………158

CHAPTER 16 PERSONAL REFLECTIONS……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…166

CHAPTER 17 IT IS A FACT……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………184

CHAPTER 18 CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………186

ABOUT THE AUTHOR……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………118

WORKS CITED………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………196

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5

Acknowledgements Special thanks to the Creator for his guidance and choosing me as a conduit to express the creative gifts he has given me and my late parents Charles and Ira Gittens. Thanks to those who assisted me along this journey namely my Beloved wife Magnola Gittens, my Brothers- Shurland, Charles, Ricardo, Arnott, Stephen, Sisters- Emerald, Marcella, Cheryl, CousinsJoy Mayers, Kevin and Ernest Mayers, Donna Archer, Avis Dyer, Jackie Clarke, Uncles- Clifford, Leonard Mayers, David Bruce, Collin Rock. My children Laron and Lisa.

Wellwishers-Mr.and Mrs. Andrew Platizky, Mr. Matthew Sutton, Mr.& Mrs. Gordon Alleyne, Mr. Juan Arroyo, Mr. and Mrs. David Lavine, Mrs. Ellen Gordon, Dr.Nicholas Gordon, the late Dr.Joseph Drew, Merline Mayers, Mr. and Mrs. Trevor Millington,

Rev. & Mrs. Donavon Shoemaker, Ms. Geraldine Davis, Rev.Carl and Rev Angie Dixon, Mrs. Gloria Rock, Rev.Pauline Harewood, Mr. and Mrs. Stewart Russell, Mrs. Shirley Smith, Mr. and Mrs. Felton Ince, Mr. and Mrs. David Brathwaite, Mr.and Mrs. Ryan Miller Mr.and Mrs. Neilo Mascoll. Xclusive Travel & Services Co Ltd (Barbados), The Captain and The Crew of Jewel of the Seas, Majestic Princess,The Captain and the Crew of British Airways, All Tourism Entities of Athens, Barbados, Cartagena, Florence,Gibraltar,London, Mykonos, Naples, Rapalla Rhodes,Rome, Santorini, Sicily, Spain and Toulon All of the above contributed to my academic developmental journey.

William Anderson Gittens Author, Media Arts Specialists’ Cultural Practitioner, Publisher

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5

Dedication I dedicate this publication to my late parents, Charles Alderson Gittens and Ira Louise Gittens, who taught me to be appreciative, always give thanks and encouraged me to pursue my dreams. They were and will always be my heritage and beacons.

CHARLES ALDERSON GITTENS

Finally, without the Creator’s presence in my life framing Global Landmarks Volume 1 as a conversation would not have been possible

William Anderson Gittens Author, Media Arts Specialists’ Cultural Practitioner, Publisher

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5

IRA LOUISE MAYERS GITTENS

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Introduction Landmarks are geographic objects that structure human mental representations of space. landmarks are suited for communication of environmental knowledge. Sorrow and Hirtle. Sorrows, M.E., Hirtle, S.C.: The nature of landmarks for real and electronic spaces. In: C. Freksa, D.M. Mark (eds.) Spatial Information Theory, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 1661, pp. 37–50. Springer, Berlin (1999)

Landmarks are significant in one's formation of a cognitive map of both physical environments and electronic information spaces. Landmarks are defined in physical space as having key characteristics that make them recognizable and memorable in the environment. The challenge of defining measurable features of landmarks that can be used in designing and recognizing landmarks in information spaces is explored. By drawing on diverse areas such as urban planning, architecture, cognitive science and hypertext, a coherent definition of a landmark is proposed, which is relevant to both physical and electronic spaces. It is argued that landmarks can be classified in terms of visual, cognitive and structural dimensions, which has implications for how environments can be designed or built in such a way that landmarks will emerge appropriately for unique situations. Â(PDF) The Nature of Landmarks for Real and.... Available from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221600741_The_Nature_of_Landmarks_for_Real_and_Electronic_Spaces[accessed Aug 04 2018]. :

Christopher McFadden has asserted since the fall of the Roman Empire, various architectural styles have sprung up that borrowed heavily from the surviving Roman buildings throughout Europe. These new styles would also be exported outside of Europe https://interestingengineering.com/21-famous-buildings-and-monuments-influenced-by-roman-architecture as their influence spread throughout the globe in areas such as Athens, Barbados, Cartagena, Florence, Gibraltar, London, Mykonos, Naples, Rapallo, Rhodes, Rome, Sicily, Santorini , Spain, and Toulon .

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5

Introduction McFadden’s assertion provided the theoretical support for my central theme of focus namely Global Landmarks. In order to see if McFadden’s assertion had any relevance I compiled and condensed 11000 digital images into 160+ and research the same in the production of a multimedia e-publication. Such an e-publication comprised a compilation 50 random selected digitized images of global landmarks.

The same was randomly chosen from among selected areas of the central Mediterranean in 2017 and again in 2018 to central Mediterranean . This was an arduous task for me because each Landmark had an uniqueness about it. What was very compelling for me was the fact that these monuments, sculptures, statues, and artifacts that I saw in the various geographical locations all look so similar although they occupied different spaces.

It is reported that Marble has been the material of choice for monuments, temples and buildings for thousands of years.

Marble has long been a symbol of tradition, luxury and extraordinary taste. Throughout Europe, the Mediterranean, and the Far East, marble buildings remain. The Ancient Greeks used fine white marble to erect some of the most iconic buildings in the world.https://www.msistone.com/marble-tile-history/ The Parthenon in Athens was built from Pentelic marble, Numidian yellow marble, and granite. , PISA CATHEDRAL IN PISA, ITALY Crafted from gray and white marble it is home to the famous Leaning Tower of Pisa and noteworthy stone artwork including the Pulpit of Pisa featuring biblical scenes carved into fine Carrara marble, The Coliseum in Rome travertino, a limestone, then tuff for the other pillars and radial walls, tiles for the floors of the upper storeys and the walls; finally, concrete (a.k.a. cement) for the vaults.,

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Introduction The Parthenon in Athens was built from Pentelic marble, Numidian yellow marble, and granite. Pisa https://www.msistone.com/marble-tile-history/ Cathedral in Pisa, Italy Crafted from gray and white marble it is home to the famous Leaning Tower of Pisa and noteworthy stone artwork including the Pulpit of Pisa featuring biblical scenes carved into fine Carrara marble. Ancient Greek architecture influences the Lincoln MemorialConstructed from U.S. materials including granite from Massachusetts, limestone from Indiana, and marble from Colorado, Tennessee, and Alabama,and even the White House it is crafted from a beautiful combination of marble, granite, and sandstone., are all fine examples of how architects, sculptors, and craftsman have used marble to create beautiful buildings throughout the ages. In addition, to exterior facades and flooring, Thassos marble became the stone of choice for baths and pools. Thousands of years later, Thassos marble is still being mined from ancient quarries and it remains one of the most beautiful natural stones on earth. After the Ancient Greeks, the Romans started using marble slabs to clad brick and mortar buildings. It was this innovation that allowed them to erect entire marble cities, in a short time. As marble continued to grow in popularity, quarrying methods and tools vastly improved to allow for greater harvesting of natural marble.https://www.msistone.com/marble-tile-history/

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Introduction The Global citizens and those who occupy Athens, Barbados, Cartagena, Florence, Gibraltar, London, Mykonos, Naples, Rapallo, Rhodes, Rome, Sicily, Santorini, Spain, and Toulon use Global Landmarks to orient themselves and to organize information. According Andreas Dieberger of Emory University. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/11433700.pdf#page=104 perspective Dieberger Andreas also believes that as electronic information becomes more complex landmarks may become a useful navigational aid /tool. In this context, landmarks are interpreted as Global because all Landmarks are Global.

Andreas seems to support the concept that these great pieces of artistry has to do with their pure existence, and their structure environments appear in our sketches, in descriptions of meeting points or routes, and they are remarkable objects of an environment especially in tourist brochures; with all humankind significance for spatial cognition and communication, Therefore this includes Global Landmarks, because they pose a major challenged for artificial intelligence and humancomputer interaction. so far, research aiming for intelligent interaction design has suffered from a lack of understanding and formal modeling of landmarks. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/11433700.

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5

Introduction In conclusion I have inserted Dieberger and McFadden’s expressions because it created an intellectual consciousness within my mind regarding Global Landmarks.

It is for these reasons that I framed the conversation Global Landmarks in 16 chapters, and condensed 11000 +Digital, images into 164+ digitized images as the Digital visual evidence because they are deemed as significant economic value and has become a way of life.

More importantly, these Global Landmarks are characterized as Cultural, Historical,Identity, Identical Cultural heritage and Natural History by the citizens of Athens, Barbados, Cartagena, Florence, Gibraltar, London, Mykonos, Naples, Rapallo, Rhodes, Rome, Sicily, Santorini, Spain, and Toulon because they have showcased to the world Landmarks which are categorize as high value unique Landmarks.

In light of all of the aforementioned information regarding Global Landmarks and digitized images they will continue to play a critical role in the preservation of Global Landmarks.

William Anderson Gittens Author B.A., Cinematographer, Cultural Practitioner,Dip.Com. Arts, , Media Arts Specialists’ Publisher

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5

ATHENS

Digital, Devgro Media Arts Services June 14 2018

DigitalDevgro Media Arts Services June 14 2018

Athens Port DigitalWilliam Anderson Gittens of DigitalDevgro Media Arts Services June 14 2018

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Acropolis, Athens Acropolis, Athens is a cultural UNESCO World Heritage Property,Digital, William Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services June 14 2018

Acropolis, Athens is a cultural UNESCO World Heritage Property that was inscribed in 1987 for its cultural value and significance. It is an ancient citadel that was built on an extremely rocky outcrop with an overlooking view of the city of Athens in Greece.Jun 17, 2009… https://everything-everywhere.com/ acropolis-athens-unesco-world-heritage-site/

An `acropolis’ is any citadel or complex built on a high hill.

The name derives from the Greek Akro, high or extreme/ extremity or edge, and Polis, city, translated as 'High City’, 'City on the Edge’ or 'City in the Air’, the most famous being the Acropolis of Athens, Greece, built in the 5th century BCE ATHENS ACROPOLIS The Acropolis of Athens was planned, and construction begun, under the guidance of the great general and statesman Pericles of Athens. Over two years of detailed planning went

into the specifications and contracting the labour for the Parthenon alone, and the first stone was laid on 28 July 447 BCE, during the Panathenaic festival.Hundreds of artisans, metal workers, craftspeople, painters, woodcarvers, and literally thousands of unskilled labourers worked on the Acropolis.The Acropolis rises 490 feet (150 metres) into the sky above the city of Athens and has a surface area of approximately 7 acres (3 hectares). The site was a natural choice for a fortification and was inhabited at least as early as the Mycenaean Period in Greece (1900-1100 BCE) if not earlier.Other buildings were added as the Acropolis was in use, and the Roman Emperor Hadrian (76-138 CE) added his own flourishes to the city, and the Acropolis, during his reign.

With the rise of Christianity after Constantine the Great (272-337 CE) the Parthenon became a church and the Acropolis a center of Christian devotion.

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Acropolis, Athens After the fall of Rome in the West (476 CE) and then that of the Byzantine Empire in the East (1453 CE) to the Turks, the Acropolis was transformed into a Muslim place of worship and the Parthenon became a mosque. The buildings of the Acropolis were damaged through ill use and neglect during the Turkish occupation of Greece (when the Parthenon was used to garrison troop headquarters and the Erechtheion was turned into the governor’s harem) and suffered further damage during the Venetian siege of 1687 CE when the Italian forces sought to dislodge the Turks from Greece.

Following the War of Independence of 1821 CE, the Greeks reclaimed the Acropolis and attempted to restore it to its former glory. The English Lord Elgin, however, with the Turks approval, had “removed a number of the pedimental figures and large chunks of the frieze of the Parthenon, and sold them to the British Museum in 1816” (Pedley, 263).

Further, the damage to much of the Acropolis, after years of occupation and neglect, seemed irreparable. Only in the latter

Acropolis, Athens is a cultural UNESCO World Heritage Property ,Digital,William Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services June 14 2018

part of the 20th century CE was serious restoration and preservation work initiated on the Acropolis site. Such work is on-going in the present day including a new museum which houses significant artifacts from the site.

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Church of Saint Nicholas (Piraeus, Greece) Saint Nicholas is an Christian Orthodox church dedicated a greek bishop of Myra that became saint. The name day and the official celebration takes part on December 6 and many officials pay their respect here as Saint Nicholas. Furhter more is the patron saint of sailors and merchants, so is very connected with Piraeus. The church was built in late 19th century (1889-1903) designed by the architecture Ioannis Lazarinos. Inside you can see many beautiful paintings but also work of the famous sculptor from Tinos I.Chalepas.https://

Church of Saint Nicholas (Piraeus, Greece) Digital, Devgro Media Arts Services June 14 2018

www.tripadvisor.com/LocationPhotoDirectLink-g189403-d7811710-i174192181-Church_of_Saint_NicholasPiraeus_Piraeus_Region_Attica.html

Church of Saint Nicholas (Piraeus, Greece )Digital,William Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services June 14 2018

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DigitalDevgro Media Arts Services June 14 2018

Greek National Tourism Organization ,Digital, William Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services June 14 2018

Greece: 365 days a year tourism destination. On his part, the Secretary General of the Greek National Tourism Organization, Konstantinos Tsegas, referred to the Tourism Ministry’s strategy for establishing Greece as a 365 days a year destination.

“There is a misconception about tourism in Greece. The fact that we have about 280 days of sunshine a year has created the false impression that Greece is only and hence Athens, a destination only for summer holidays. That is half the truth as our country has to offer inexhaustible options of recreation, both on mainland and island Greece,” he said.https://news.gtp.gr/2017/10/02/athensexpects-record-tourist-arrivals-2017/

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5 The Athens War Museum Athens War Museum, Digital,William Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services June 14 2018

Athens War Museum, Digital, William Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services June 14 2018

The Athens War Museum Interesting article about Athens War Museum in Warfare History Network (September 14 2016) (Greek: Πολεµικό Μουσείο), established on July 18, 1975, is the museum of the Greek Armed Forces. Its purpose is the exhibition of weapon artifacts and the relevant research in the history of war. It covers the history of war in all ages. The museums' collections include the collection of the Greek Army, with artifacts from other civilizations such as Ancient China and Ancient Japan.In 1964, the DigitalDevgro Media Arts Services June 14 2018 Hellenic State decided to found the War MuseumLegislative decree 132/1969 on the establishment of war museum. Νοµοθετικόν διάταγµα 132/1969 «Περί Ιδρύσεως Πολεµικού Μουσείου» (ΦΕΚ Ά 35), wishing to honor all those who fought for Greece and its freedom. The design of the museum was undertaken by a team of distinguished scientists, headed by Professor Thoukidides Valentis of the National Technical university of Athens (N.T.U.A). On July 18, 1975, the President of the Hellenic Republic H.E. Constantine Tsatsos and the Minister of National Defense Evangelos Averoff-Tositsas inaugurated the Museum. Its various activities include the publication of books, the establishment and maintenance of monuments and memorials and the aid to services and agencies all over Greece. The Museum’s exhibition areas are distributed over four levels (floors) and present images of Greek history from antiquity to the present.The museum's centerpieces are weaponry from wars in which Greece was involved. The War Museum has established Museum Branches at the cities of Nauplion (Peloponnese) (1988), Chania (Crete) (1995), Tripoli (Peloponnese) (1997) and Thessaloniki (2000). After building the Hellenic Air Force Museum, some airplanes were brought to this museum.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athens_War_Museumhttps://news.gtp.gr/2017/10/02/athens-expects-record-tourist-arrivals-2017/

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The Hellenic Parliament The Hellenic Parliament ,Digital,William Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services June 14 2018

DigitalDevgro Media Arts Services June 14 2018 DigitalDevgro Media Arts Services June 14 2018

The Hellenic Parliament (Greek: Βουλή των Ελλήνων, "Parliament of the Hellenes", transliterated Voulí ton Ellínon) is the parliament of Greece, located in the Old Royal Palace, overlooking Syntagma Square in Athens. The Parliament is the supreme democratic institution that represents the citizens through an elected body of Members of Parliament (MPs). It is a unicameral legislature of 300 members, elected for a four-year term. During 1844–63 and 1927–35 the parliament was bicameral with an upper house, the Senate, and a lower house, the Chamber of Deputies, which retained the name Vouli. Several important Greek statesmen have served as Speakers of the Hellenic Parliament.Constitutional monarchy, 1843–62 Although during the Greek Revolution a number of National Assemblies had been held, the first national parliament of the independent Greek state was established only in 1843, after the September 3rd Revolution, which forced King Otto to grant a constitution. The Constitution of 1844 established the constitutional monarchy under the decisive power of the monarch, who exercised also the Media Arts Services Juneelected 14 2018 legislative DigitalDevgro power jointly with the House of Representatives and the appointed Senate. It also established the Ministers' DigitalDevgro Media Arts Services June 14 2018 accountability vis-à-vis the acts of the monarch who was appointing them and suspending them; it recognized fundamental human rights and, for the first time, foresaw in article 107 that "Observance of the Constitution herein is entrusted to the patriotism of the Greeks". Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenic_Parliament

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Ieros Naos Agia Triada DigitalDevgro Media Arts Services June 14 2018

Ieros Naos Agia Triada, Digital,William Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services June 14 2018

Ieros Naos Agia Triada

Source: www.greeka.com came in contact

with .

A cathedral worthy of Piraeus. This 1950s modern reconstruction of the original 19th century Metropolitan Church (Cathedral) of the Holy Trinity (which was destroyed in 1944 during the fierce bombardment of Piraeus by the British allies) is among the finest examples of a Byzantine-style church in Greece. Upon entering the church, one cannot help but feel a sense of the divine, surrounded by the large dome depicting Christ the Pantocrator and the many icons and paintings of Saints and Holy Events.

Another interesting part is the small chapel under the main church and next to it the remnants and objects from classical antiquity, found during the excavations for the building. Also worth mentioning is that the Holy Metropolis of Piraeus provides free meals and other help to anyone who needs it. All-in-all, a visit to this church is a must for anyone interested in churches and the history of the city of Piraeus..https://www.tripadvisor.com/Attraction_Review-g189403-d9829640-Reviews-Ieros_Naos_Agia_Triada-Piraeus_Piraeus_Region_Attica.html

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Acropolis, Athens The Acropolis of Athens and its monuments are universal symbols of the classical spirit and civilization and form the greatest architectural and artistic complex bequeathed by Greek Antiquity to the world. In the second half of the fifth century bc, Athens, following the victory against the Persians and the establishment of democracy, took a leading position amongst the other city-states of the ancient world. In the age that followed, as thought and art flourished, an exceptional group of artists put into effect the ambitious plans of Athenian statesman Pericles and, under the inspired guidance of the sculptor Pheidias, transformed the rocky hill into a unique monument of thought and the arts. The most important monuments were built during that time: the Parthenon, built

by Ictinus, the Erechtheon, the Propylaea, the monumental entrance to the Acropolis, designed by Mnesicles and the small temple Athena Nike. https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/404.

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Acropolis, Athens Global Landmarks Vol.1

William Anderson Gittens

Acropolis AthensDigitalWilliam Anderson Gittens of DigitalDevgro Media Arts Services June 14 2018

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5 ARTIFACTS, ATHENS

The monuments were developed by an exceptional group of architects (such as Iktinos, Kallikrates, Mnesikles) and sculptors (such as Pheidias, Alkamenes, Agorakritos), who transformed the rocky hill into a unique complex, which heralded the emergence of classical Greek thought and art. On this hill were born Democracy, Philosophy, Theatre, Freedom of Expression and Speech, which provide to this day the intellectual and spiritual foundation for the contemporary world and its values. The Acropolis’ monuments, having survived for almost twenty-five centuries through wars, explosions, bombardments, fires, earthquakes, sackings, interventions and alterations, have adapted to different uses and the civilizations, myths and religions that flourished in Greece through time.

 https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/404.

Artifacts Athens ,Digital,William Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services June 14 2018

Artifacts, Athens Global Landmarks Vol.1 William Anderson Gittens

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5 The Arch of Hadrian (Greek: Αψίδα του Αδριανού, translit. Apsida tou Adrianou), most commonly known in Greek as Hadrian's Gate (Greek: Πύλη του Αδριανού, translit. Pyli tou Adrianou), is a monumental gateway resembling – in some respects – a Roman triumphal arch. It spanned an ancient road from the center of Athens, Greece, to the complex of structures on the eastern side of the city that included the Temple of Olympian Zeus. It has been proposed that the arch was built to celebrate the adventus (arrival) of the Roman Emperor Hadrian and to honor him for his many benefactions to the city, on the occasion of the dedication of the nearby temple complex in 131 or 132 AD.[1] It is not certain who commissioned the arch, although it is probable that the citizens of Athens or another Greek group were responsible for its construction and design. There were two inscriptions on the arch, facing in opposite directions, naming both Theseus and Hadrian as founders of Athens. While it is clear that the inscriptions honor Hadrian, it is uncertain whether they refer to the city as a whole or to the city in two parts: one old and one new. The early idea, however, that the arch marked the line of the ancient city wall, and thus the division between the old and the new regions of the city, has been shown to be false by further excavation. The arch is located 325m southeast of the Acropolis.

Hadrian's Gate in Athens Greece The Arch of Hadria Digital, Devgro Media Arts Services June 14 2018

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arch_of_Hadrian_(Athens) The Arch of HadrianAthens,Digital, William Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services June 14 2018

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5

A Plan of Acropolis Athens Integrity The Acropolis of Athens contains within its boundaries all the key attributes that convey the property’s Outstanding Universal Value, as an ensemble of unique splendor in excellent condition. The perfection of ancient building techniques ensured the resistance of the monuments to A Plan of Acropolis Athens, Digital of William Anderson Gittens of natural forces through time. Despite the unavoidable damage Devgro Media Arts Services June 14 2018 of time, they still display their beauty and convey their inestimable artistic and historic value, preserving all the features that directly and tangibly associate them with the events and ideas of Democracy and Philosophy. Inevitably, the vicissitudes of history between the 5th century BC and our days have caused extensive damage that is being successfully addressed with the ongoing restoration and conservation works, which increase both the stability and the legibility of the monuments.  https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/404.

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5

the Acropolis hill Athens .Digital, William Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services June 14 2018

Authenticity The authenticity of the Acropolis hill, crowned with the masterpieces of Greek Classical art and architecture, is well preserved. In order to maintain the authenticity and structural integrity of the monuments, an integrated intervention begun in 1975 and continues today.

The works are based on clear theoretical and scholarly foundations, and follow the principles of the Venice Charter.

The interventions are limited to the absolutely necessary and respect the ancient structural system, while remaining consistent with the principle of reversibility. Â https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/404.

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5

the Acropolis hill Athens,Digital, William Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services

Authenticity Moreover, the techniques and the tools used for the restoration works are similar to those of the ancient craftspeople, while the white marble used for completing the eroded architectural elements is quarried from the same mountain as in antiquity (Mt. Penteli).

Therefore, the restorations are fully compatible with the original parts of the monuments.

 https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/404.

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5

Athens Digital,, Devgro Media Arts Services June 14 2018

Athens (/ˈæθɪnz/;[3] Greek: Α θ ή ν α , A t h í n a [ aˈθ i n a ] ; Port Athens ,Digital, William Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services A n c i e n t G r e e k : Ἀθῆν α ι , Athênai [a.tʰɛ̂ː.nai ̯]) is the capital and largest city of Greece. Athens dominates the Attica region and is one of the world's oldest cities, with its recorded history spanning over 3,400 years and its earliest human presence starting somewhere between the 11th and 7th millennium BC.

June 14 2018

Classical Athens was a powerful city-state that emerged in conjunction with the seagoing development of the port of Piraeus, which had been a distinct city prior to its 5th century BCE incorporation with Athens. A centre for the arts, learning and philosophy, home of Plato's Academy and Aristotle's Lyceum,it is widely referred to as the cradle of Western civilization and the birthplace of democracy, largely because of its cultural and political impact on the European continent, and in particular the Romans. In modern times, Athens is a large cosmopolitan metropolis and central to economic, financial, industrial, maritime, political and cultural life in Greece. In 2012, Athens was ranked the world's 39th richest city

Piraeus Athens DigitalWilliam Anderson Gittens of DigitalDevgro Media Arts Services June 14 2018

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5

The Port of Piraeus Piraeus (/paɪˈriːəs, pɪˈreɪ.əs/; Greek: Πειραιάς Pireás [pireˈas], Ancient Greek: Πειραιεύς, Peiraieús, pronounced [peːrai ̯eús]) is a port city in the region of Attica, Greece. Piraeus is located within the Athens urban area,[National Statistical Service of Greece (2002). Στατιστική Επετηρίδα της Ελλάδος 2002 (PDF) (in Greek). National Statistical Service of Greece. p. 54. “The table includes the urban areas of Greece, officially defined by the National Statistical Service of Greece, powered by the Ministry of Finance of Greece. The municipality of Piraeus and its greater area belong to the Athens urban

12 kilometres (7 miles) southwest from its city center (municipality of Athens), and lies along the east coast of the Saronic Gulf. According to the 2011 census, Piraeus had a population of 163,688 people within its administrative limits, making it the fourth largest municipality in Greece and the second largest within the urban area of the Greek capital, following the municipality of Athens. The municipality of Piraeus and several other suburban municipalities within the regional unit of Piraeus form the greater Piraeus area, with a total population of 448,997. View from Mikrolimano, Piraeus https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piraeus has a long recorded history, dating to ancient Greece. The city was largely developed in the early 5th century BC, when it was selected to serve as the port city of classical Athens and was transformed into a prototype harbour, concentrating all the import and transit trade of Athens. During the Golden Age of Athens the Long Walls were constructed to connect Athens with Piraeus. Consequently, it became the chief harbour of ancient Greece, but declined gradually after the 4th century AD, growing once more in the 19th century, especially after Athens' declaration as the capital of Greece...https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athens area (Πολεοδοµικό Συγκρότηµα Αθηνών), referred to as greater Athens.”

Port Athens,Digital, William Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services June 14 2018

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5

Athens The City Athens .Digital,,William Anderson Gittens Devgro Media Arts Services June 14 2018

The heritage of the classical era is still evident in the city, represented by ancient monuments and works of art, the most famous of all being the Parthenon, considered a key landmark of early Western civilization. The city also retains Roman and Byzantine monuments, as well as a smaller number of Ottoman monuments. Athens is home to two UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the Acropolis of Athens and the medieval Daphni Monastery.

Landmarks of the modern era, dating back to the establishment of Athens as the capital of the independent Greek state in 1834, include the Hellenic Parliament and the so-called "architectural trilogy of Athens", consisting of the National Library of Greece, the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens and the Academy of Athens. Athens is also home to several museums and cultural institutions, such as the National Archeological Museum, featuring the world's largest collection of ancient Greek antiquities, the Acropolis Museum, the Museum of Cycladic Art, the Benaki Museum and the Byzantine and Christian Museum.

Athens was the host city of the first modern-day Olympic Games in 1896, and 108 years later it welcomed home the 2004 Summer Olympics, making it one of only a handful of cities to have hosted the Olympics more than once.CNN & Sports Illustrated (5 September 1997). "Sentiment a factor as Athens gets 2004 Olympics". sportsillustrated.cnn.com.

Archived from the original on 19 May 2008. Retrieved 28 March 2007.22https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athens

DigitalDevgro Media Arts Services June 14 2018

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5

The Peace and Friendship Stadium, The Peace and Friendship Stadium, commonly known by its acronym SEF (Greek: Στάδιο Ειρήνης και Φιλίας, transliterated as Stadio Eirinis kai Filias) is a multi-purpose indoor arena that is located in Piraeus, on the coastal zone of Attica, Greece. The arena is mostly known for being the home to EuroLeague team Olympiacos, and is the central venue of the Faliro Coastal Zone Olympic Complex. It opened in 1985.

The arena complex also contains a 942-seat amphitheater,[4] a weight training room, a full practice facility, three auxiliary courts that house the Olympiacos youth clubs,[5] and the Olympiacos team office. .https:// Olympiacos BC HQ.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piraeus

The Peace and Friendship Stadium, Digital, William Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services June 14 2018

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5

Panathenaic Stadium Athens

Panathenaic Stadium Athens, DigitalWilliam Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services June 14 2018

The Panathenaic Stadium (Greek: Παναθηναϊκό Στάδιο, Panathinaïkó Stádio, [panaθinaiˈko sˈtaðio])[a] or Kallimarmaro (Καλλιµάρµαρο [kaliˈmarmaro], lit. "beautiful marble"Kakissis, Joanna (15 October 2014). "36 Hours in Athens". The New York Times.Darling 2004, p. 135.3][4] is a multi-purpose stadium in Athens, Greece. One of the main

historic attractions of Athens,Behan, Rosemary (22 March 2016). "Ultratravel cityguide: Ancient Athens is great value and affluent in all the right ways". The National. Abu Dhabi. it is the only stadium in the world built entirely of marble.

[Darling 2004, p. 135.4]

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5 The Panathenaic Stadium Athens,DigitalWilliam Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services June 14 2018

Panathenaic Stadium Athens The Panathenaic Stadium Athens DigitalWilliam Anderson Gittens of DigitalDevgro Media Arts Services June 14 2018

A stadium was built on the site of a simple racecourse by the Athenian statesman Lykourgos (Lycurgus) c. 330 BC, primarily for the Panathenaic Games. It was rebuilt in marble by Herodes Atticus, an Athenian Roman senator, by 144 AD and had a capacity of 50,000 seats. After the rise of Christianity in the 4th century it was largely abandoned. The stadium was excavated in 1869 and hosted the Zappas Olympics in 1870 and 1875.

After being refurbished, it hosted the opening and closing ceremonies of the first modern Olympics in 1896 and was the venue for 4 of the 9 contested sports.

It was used for various purposes in the 20th century and was once again used as an Olympic venue in 2004. It is the finishing point for the annual Athens Classic Marathon.Kakissis, Joanna (15 October 2014). "36 Hours in Athens".

The New York Times.3

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5

Panathenaic Stadium Athens

It is also the last venue in Greece from where the Olympic flame handover ceremony to the host nation takes place."Greece hands over Olympic flame to Rio 2016 organisers". The Week. Kochi, India. 28 April 2016. “The flame that will burn for Rio Olympic Games was handed over to the Brazilian organisers in a spectacular ceremony held at Panathenaic Stadium in Athens.” "Olympic flame handover from Greece to London". The Guardian. 17 May 2012. “The Olympic flame is due to be handed over from Greece to London this afternoon at the Panathenaic Stadium in Athens...”

The Panathenaic Stadium Athens DigitalWilliam Anderson Gittens of DigitalDevgro Media Arts Services June 14 2018

The Panathenaic Stadium Athens .Digital, William Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services June 14 2018

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5

“The Runner” The legendary sculpture “The Runner” is located in Athens since 1988. It is made entirely of dark green glass. The author of this unusual sculpture is the Greek sculptor COSTAS VAROTSOS. Costas Varotsos prefers to work only with glass and metal, so each of his sculptures becomes unusual, because other sculptors work in stone. Usually a glass figurine is no more than an ordinary vase. But when a building has the size of a huge house, it looks like entirely different than the statuette on the shelf. The sticking out parts of the sculpture, at a strong gust of wind, are likely to produce a rattling sound. Athens, in general, is considered the founders of the Olympic Games. But this sculpture was created in the honor of the Olympic runner Spiridon "Spiros" Louis. He was the first who won the modern day Olympic marathon. Now the route of each marathon must pass through OMONIA SQUARE, where the monument is installed. Running by this huge statue, people are inspired and gain strength for the rest of the way. It is interesting that this sculpture is a well-known runner in the world. Its uniqueness as the material and the shape, provoke people strong emotions and don’t leave them indifferent. Therefore, visiting Athens, for just one time, be sure that you will tell your friends about the amazing sculpture “The runner”. http://www.bestourism.com/items/di/7769?title=The-Runner&b=335

.

The Runner made of glass Athens Digital,William Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services June 14 2018

The Runner Athens

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5 Saint John’s Parish Church Location: near Hackleton's Cliff, St.John Date Built : 1836 This classic Gothic church was built to replace a previous structure which had been destroyed by hurricane in 1831.

The chancel was added to the church in 1876.

Main Features : Churchyard contains body of Ferdinand Paleologus (descendant of Constantine), Westmascott statue, spectacular view of East Coast.

On November 3rd 2010 the late Prime Minister of Barbados, Hon David John Howard Thompson was also laid to rest at this

historic site.https://barbados.org/churches/stjohn.htm#.W1SNvy2ZNZU

Saint John’s Parish Church Saint John Barbados ,Digital,Devgro Media Arts Services 10 November 2017

Saint John’s Parish Church, Barbados

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5 The Band of the Barbados Volunteer Force adopted the Zouaves uniform in 1927

Barbados, Digital,Devgro Media Arts Services February 15 2013

The Zouaves (French pronunciation: [zwav]) were a class of light infantry regiments of the French Army serving between 1830 and 1962 and linked to French North Africa, as well as some units of other countries modelled upon them. The zouaves, along with the indigenous Tirailleurs Algeriens, were among the most decorated units of the French Army.https:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zouave

It was initially intended in 1830 that the zouaves be a regiment of Berber volunteers from the Zwawa group of tribes in Algeria —thus the French term zouave—who had gained a martial reputation fighting for local rulers under the Ottoman Empire.

The regiment was to consist of sixteen hundred Zwawa Berbers, French NCOs and French officers. The Zouave Uniform was first seen on parade in Barbados at the Garrison in the late nineteenth century and was worn by the 3rd West India Regiment. The Zouave Uniform remained the official uniform of the British West India Regiment until the regiment was disbanded in 1927. However the Band of the Barbados Volunteer Force adopted the uniform in 1927 and it has remained the ceremonial dress of the Barbados Defence Force Band and is worn while on parade events such as Independence Day celebrations at the Garrison. The Zouave Uniform makes the Barbados Museums 80 iconic list because it speaks to a martial heritage of obscure North African origins that became the official attire of Barbados and the Caribbean’s warriors for nearly a century.http://www.barbmuse.org.bb/web/?portfolio=zouave-uniform

Barbados, Digital,Devgro Media Arts Services 2017

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5

Nelson Statue, Barbados At the top of Broad Street in the capital city of Bridgetown stands this bronze statue of Admiral Lord Nelson.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JOGwMymwlJ8&t=9s

Nelson Statue Barbados,Digital,Devgro Media Arts Services 10 November 2017

The statue was erected on 22 March 1813 in the area known as Trafalgar Square, opposite Parliament Buildings. The statue predates Nelson Column in Trafalgar Square in London by nearly 30 years.

(Barbados' Trafalgar Square was officially renamed National Heroes Square in April 1999.)

Nelson visited Barbados in 1805 and was considered a hero by locals of the day for his battles against the French who controlled some of the other islands in the Caribbean.

Indeed the French and British forces were often battling for ownership of the islands with several islands changing hands frequently. Barbados on the other hand remained under British rule until independence in 1966.. https://barbados.org/lord-nelson-statuebarbados.htm#.W2MDZy2ZNZU

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5

The National Library Service National Library Service Coleridge Street Bridgetown Barbados, Digital,,Devgro Media ArtsServices August 2000

s

National Library Service Coleridge Street Bridgetown Barbados, Digital, Devgro Media ArtsServices August 2000

Built in 1906 the library was funded by a grant made on August 22, 1903, for $23,330 by Andrew Carnegie. One of six Carnegie libraries in the Caribbean region this library serves the residents of Bridgetown, Barbados. http://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/ WM879P_Bridgetown_Free_Library_Bridgetown_BarbadosToday the building, located on Coleridge street, is part of the National Library Service of Barbados and is managed and funded by the government of Barbados. This is the main branch and headquarters of the Barbados system which is composed of seven branches and in 2002 more than 126,000 volumes. The library holds and preserves in both print and nonprint formats an impressive collection of Barbadiana dating back to the 18th Century. This branch is made of coral-stone building and was built in the English Renaissance style. In addition to the buildings the system offers book mobile services and The National Library Service is governed by the Prime Minister's Office. The Carnegie Library in Bridgetown Barbados is shown on one of four stamps issued by Barbados on August 1, 1972 as part of a set of stamps commemorating International Book Year.

Only five of the 2509 library buildings funded by Andrew Carnegie have appeared on postage stamps issued by a government postal authority.National Library Service Coleridge Street Bridgetown, St. Michael, Barbados

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5

St. Anne's Church Saint Ann’s Church Saint Joseph Barbados,Digital,Devgro Media Arts Services 19 December 2017

St. Anne's Church is situated in Parris Hill, St. Joseph on the serene island of Barbados. Originally, the land for the construction of the church …https://www.barbadospocketguide.com/.../st-annes-church.html

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5

Codrington College Codrington College is an Anglican theological college in St. John, Barbados. The college was founded with funds from the bequest of Christopher Codrington, who after his death in 1710 left portions of his sugar cane estates – the Codrington Plantations as well as land on Barbados and Barbuda to the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts to establish a college in Barbados.

Construction was started in 1714, and the college was

eventually opened on September 1745.Parry 1847, p. 11

Codrington College Barbados, DigitalWilliam Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services December 19, 2017

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5

The Main Guard House & Clock Tower, Barbados

www.funbarbados.com/Sights/S_main_guard_clock_tower.cfm

The Main Guard House & Clock Tower in Barbados was built sometime in 1804, and ... one of the most outstanding buildings located in the Garrison Historic Area. ... It overlooks the Savannah and has a unique George III Coat of Arms, ....

The MAIN GUARD HOUSE & CLOCK TOWER ,DigitalWilliam Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services 5 May 2016

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5

The Chamberlain Bridge The Chamberlain Bridge is a bridge in Bridgetown, the capital and largest city of the nation of Barbados. In 1872, it was a swing bridge across the marine inlet channel of the inner basin of the Careenage (Constitution River) at Carlisle Bay.[2Barbados.Org. Retrieved 18 March 2011.The out moded steel structure was dismantled and rebuilt in 2005– 2006"Chamberlain Bridge". en.structurae.de. Retrieved 18 March 2011.3] as a lifting bridge with the state-of the-art modern technology of an all-composite single-leaf["Pultruded bridge fulfills early promise". Composite World.

Retrieved 18 March 2011. bascule design."ACE Awards – Best of Show". Acmanet.org.

Archived from the original on 12 February 2011. Retrieved 18 March 2011. This design is a counterweighted bridge span that pivots upward, permitting pleasure craft to pass through an inlet channel.

[Composolite® Bridge "Draws" Attention in Barbados" (PDF). strongwell.com. Archived from the original (pdf) on 26 March 2010. Retrieved 18 March 201 The bridge was built using fibre-reinforced plastic (FRP), which is lighter, long lasting and non-corrosive.]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamberlain_Bridge

The Swing Bridge Bridgetown Saint Michael Barbados, Digital Devgro Media Arts Services 1 February 2016

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5

Barbados' cannon collection

www.funbarbados.com/Sights/S_cannon.cfm

Barbados' cannon collection totals some 400 guns, with 26 of which can be seen in front of the Main Guard & Clock Tower looking onto the Garrison Savannah.UNESCO World Heritage Site. ... On June 25, 2011 Barbados joined an elite group of nations with world heritage properties when Historic Bridgetown and its Garrison was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List. This inscription is a tremendous feat for a small Caribbean island states. https:// www.visitbarbados.org/discover/barbados-heritages/world-heritage-site

Digital, Devgro Media Arts Services 10 November 2017

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5 www.funbarbados.com/Sights/S_cannon.cfm

Barbados' cannon collection totals some 400 guns, with 26 of which can be seen in front of the Main Guard & Clock Tower looking onto the Garrison Savannah.UNESCO World Heritage Site. ... On June 25, 2011 Barbados joined an elite

group of nations with world heritage properties when Historic Bridgetown and its Garrison was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List. This inscription is a tremendous feat for a small Caribbean island states. https:// www.visitbarbados.org/discover/barbados-heritages/world-heritage-site

The Garrison Savannah Barbados, Digital William Anderson Gittens Devgro Media Arts Services June 14 2018

The Garrison Savannah Barbados

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5

The Barbados Museum The Barbados Museum, located at the Garrison, is housed in the former British Military Prison.

The prison, whose upper section was built in 1817 and lower section in 1853, became the headquarters of the Barbados Museum and Historical Society in 1930. https://barbados.org/

The Barbados Museum, Digital William Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services 12 February 2016

Nine council members are elected annually from the membership of the BMHS; the remaining five are appointed

by Government.

The mandate of the Barbados Museum and Historical Society is:

museum2.htm#.W1SNGy2ZNZU

The Barbados Museum and Historical Society (BMHS) is a non-profit, non-governmental organization with a membership of over 1,000 individuals and companies. A fourteen-member Council and the Director are responsible for its policies and operation.

To collect, document and conserve evidence of Barbados cultural, historical and environmental heritage; and to interpret and present this evidence for all sectors of society.http://www.barbmuse.org.bb/web/about-us/

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5

Cartagena

The port of Cartagena, in the Mediterranean's Costa Cรกlida, has been prized since Carthaginian times.

Thanks to its strategic position on the Murcia coast, it has been inhabited by several cultures which have left their mark on its artistic heritage. A tour of the place and its museums will draw us into the history of a city closely tied to the sea.

Romans, and its name today comes f ro m t h e La t i n , C a rt a g o N o va .

Cartagena was under Arab domination until Ferdinand III 'the Saint' reconquered it and incorporated it into the kingdom of Castile. Its port played a key role in the War of Succession and the Peninsular War.https://www.spain.info/en_GB/ que-quieres/ciudades-pueblos/otros-destinos/cartagena.html

The port of Cartagena DigitalWilliam Anderson Gittens Devgro Media Arts Services May 14,2017 This maritime enclave was already known to the Carthaginians and

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5

Historical site of Cartagena, Digital William Anderson Gittens Devgro Media Arts Services May 14,2017

Cartagena Cartagena (Spanish pronunciation: [karta ˈxena]; Latin: Carthago Nova) is a Spanish city and a major naval station located in the Region of Murcia, by the Mediterranean coast, south-eastern Spain. As of January 2011, it has a population of 218,210 inhabitants[1] being the Region’s second largest municipality and the country’s 6th non-Province capital city.

The metropolitan area of Cartagena, known as Campo de Cartagena, has a population of 409,586 inhabitants. Cartagena has been inhabited for over two millennia, being founded around 227 BC by the Carthaginian Hasdrubal the Fair as Qart Hadasht

(Phoenician, meaning 'New Town') the same name as the original city of Carthage. The city had its heyday during the Roman Empire, when it was known as Carthago Nova (the New Carthage) and Carthago Spartaria, capital of the province of Carthaginensis. It was one of the important cities during the Umayyad invasion of Hispania, under its Arabic name of Q a r t a y a n n a t a l - H a l f a . https:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartagena,_Spain

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5 The theatre Cartagena DigitalWilliam Anderson Gittens of William Devgro Media Arts Services May 14,2017

Cartagena

The theatre was built between 5 and 1 BC,

a semicircular open space which followed the plan of the orchestra.

The market was perhaps abandoned after a fire caused by the Vandals in 425. A market quarter of the Byzantines was established on the site in the 6th century AD. Dedicatory inscriptions to Gaius and Lucius Caesar.

The theatre Cartagena Digital William Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services May 14,2017

as has been proven by the dedication of the edifice to Gaius and Lucius Caesar, grandsons of Augustus, who had designated them as his successors.

In the 3rd century AD a market was built over the theatre, reusing its materials, with

During the 13th century the Old Cathedral of the city was built over the upper cavea.

In 1988 the first remains of the theatre were discovered during the construction of the Centro regional de artesanĂ­a. The archaeological excavations and the restorations were completed in 2003. In 2008 a museum, designed by Rafael Moneo, was opened. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Roman_theatre,_Cartagena

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5

Cartagena

The theatre was built between 5 and 1 BC, as has been proven by the dedication of the edifice to Gaius and Lucius Caesar, grandsons of Augustus, who had designated them as his successors.

During the 13th century the Old Cathedral of the city was built over the upper cavea. In 1988 the first remains of the theatre were discovered during the construction of the Centro regional de artesanĂ­a. The archaeological excavations and the restorations were completed in 2003. In 2008 a museum, designed by Rafael Moneo, was opened.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_theatre,_Cartagena

In the 3rd century AD a market was built over the theatre, reusing its materials, with a semicircular open space which followed the plan of the orchestra.

Artifacts Cartagena, Digital,William Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services May 14,2017

The market was perhaps abandoned after a fire caused by the Vandals in 425. A market quarter of the Byzantines was established on the site in the 6th century AD. Dedicatory inscriptions to Gaius and Lucius Caesar.

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5

The Monument to the Heroes The Monument to the Heroes of Santiago de Cuba and Cavite Monument in Cartagena, SpainBeside the port of Cartagena is the monument to the Spanish Heroes of Cavite and Santiago de Cuba. During the Spanish-American War of 1898, many Spanish soldiers died in the Battle of Cavite in the Philippines, fighting against American troops, and also in Cuba. This monument commemorates the Spanish marines who died in that war. The artist was the sculptor Julio Gonzalez-Pola y Garcia, who created the monument in 1923. The monument is made of stone, black marble and bronze, and the monument reaches a height of 15 meters. The monument was inaugurated on Nov. 9, 1923. h t t p s : / / w w w . g o o g l e . c o m / d e s t i n a t i o n / m a p / t o p s i g h t s ? q=Cartagena+spain&client=safari&channel=iphone_bm&biw=1347&bih=964&site=search&output=search&dest_mid=/m/ 0g7_c&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj1j7_2m7XcAhUBr1kKHV64AeEQ69EBCDwoATAB#dest_mid=/m/0g7_c&trifp=skpm%3D/ g/1hb_dft3x%26t%3De

A Monument in Cartagena Digital,William Anderson Gittens Devgro Media Arts Services May 14,2017

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5

THE ZULO 0976 Cartagena, Spain Victimas Del Terrorismo Abril de 2009 - Monument to the victims of terrorism.

THE ZULO The Zulo is a bronze sculpture of Victor Ochoa exposed on the esplanade of the Spanish port city of Cartagena (Murcia). The work, of 4.80 meters in height and 2 tons in weight, one shows a man sitting naked reflecting, hugging his legs and head collection, almost in a fetal position . It was chosen by the city to represent the city's tribute to the victims of terrorism. https://www.flickr.com/photos/41287315@N06/10359406874

THE ZULO Cartagena Digital,William Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services May 14,2017

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5

Marble Street,Cartagena

Marble Street, Cartagena Digital,William Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services May 14,2017

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5

Monument To The Carthaginian General Monument To The Carthaginian General Hasdrubal, Cartagena Digital, William Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services May 14,2017

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5

FLORENCE Ponte Vecchio Ponte Vecchio Florence Digital,William Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services May 19,2017

Ponte Vecchio https://www.visitflorence.com/florence-monuments/ponte-vecchio.html

Ponte Vecchio was built very close to the Roman crossing, the Ponte Vecchio, or Old Bridge, was the only bridge across the Arno in Florence until 1218.

The current bridge was rebuilt after a flood in 1345.

During World War II it was the only bridge across the Arno that the fleeing Germans did not destroy.

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5

FLORENCE Ponte Vecchio

Ponte Vecchio Florence Digital,William Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services May 19,2017

DigitalDevgro Media Arts Services June 14 2018

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5

Cupola of the Dome Florence Cupola of the Dome Florence The cupola of the dome has made it a symbol for the whole of Tuscany was created by that genius of the Renaissance, Filippo Brunelleschi, while the facade that completed it was carried out as late as the late 19th century.Two years after the Cupola was finished in 1436, they added the crowning lantern in white marble, taking the total dome height from 91 to 114 metres, a really impressive height, and not just for that era. The building of a stone cupola over the chancel posed many technical problems. There existed already a brick model from 1367 for the dome (as related in the "Life of Brunelleschi" by Antonio Manetti, ca. 1480). In 1419, the Arte della Lana held a competition to design a new dome and cupola for the cathedral. The two main competitors were Lorenzo Ghiberti (famous for his work on the "Gates of Paradise" doors at the Baptistery) and Filippo Brunelleschi with Brunelleschi winning and receiving the commission.http://en.firenze-online.com/ visit/informations-florence.php?id=105

Cupola of the Dome Florence Digital,William Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services May 19,2017

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5

Cupola of the Dome Florence Built on the site of an Etruscan settlement, Florence, the symbol of the Renaissance, rose to economic and cultural pre-eminence under the Medici in the 15th and 16th centuries. Its 600 years of extraordinary artistic activity can be seen above all in the 13th-century cathedral (Santa Maria del Fiore), the Church of Santa Croce, the Uffizi and the Pitti Palace, the work of great masters such as Giotto, Brunelleschi, Botticelli and Michelangelo.Florence is history, tradition, art and culture. The Capital of Tuscany, as Stendhal described it, possesses a “subtle charm” and boasts an historical-artistic legacy known throughout the world. Its historic center is a living archive of both European and Italian culture, composed of properties that earned Florence’s nomination as one of the very first Italian UNESCO World Heritage Sites, in 1982. Florence's cathedral stands tall over the city with its magnificent Renaissance dome designed by Filippo Brunelleschi, with the baptistery right across. The cathedral named in honor of Santa Maria del Fiore is a vast Gothic structure built on the site of the 7th century church of Santa Reparata, the remains of which can be seen in the crypt..https://www.visitflorence.com/florence-churches/duomo.html

Florence's cathedral Florence Digital,William Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services May 19,2017

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5 Built on the site of an Etruscan settlement, Florence, the symbol of the Renaissance, rose to economic and cultural pre-eminence under the Medici in the 15th and 16th centuries. Its 600 years of extraordinary artistic activity can be seen above all in the 13thcentury cathedral (Santa Maria del Fiore), the Church of Santa Croce, the Uffizi and the Pitti Palace, the work of great masters such as Giotto, Brunelleschi, Botticelli and Michelangelo. Brief synthesis Florence was built on the site of an Etruscan settlement and the later ancient Roman colony of Florentia (founded in 59 BC). This Tuscan city became a symbol of the Renaissance during the early Medici period (between the 15th and the 16th centuries), reaching extraordinary levels of economic and cultural development. The present historic centre covers 505 ha and is bounded by the remains of the city’s 14th-century walls. These walls are represented by surviving gates, towers, and the two Medici strongholds: that of Saint John the Baptist in the north, popularly known as “da Basso”, and the Fort of San Giorgio del Belvedere located amongst the hills of the south side. The Arno River runs east and west through the city and a series of bridges connects its two banks including Ponte Vecchio and Ponte Santa Trinita.Seven hundred years of cultural and artistic blooming are tangible today in the 14th-century Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore, the Church of Santa Croce, the Palazzo Vecchio, the Uffizi gallery, and the Palazzo Pitti. The city’s history is further evident in the artistic works of great masters such as Giotto, Brunelleschi, Botticelli and Michelangelo..https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/174

Cupola of the Dome Florence

Florence's cathedral Florence Digital,William Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services May 19,2017

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5

The Leaning Tower of Pisa The Leaning Tower of Pisa (Italian: Torre pendente di Pisa) or simply the Tower of Pisa (Torre di Pisa [ˈtorre di ˈpiːza]) is the campanile, or freestanding bell tower, of the cathedral of the Italian city of Pisa, known worldwide for its unintended tilt. The tower is situated behind the Pisa Cathedral and is the third oldest structure in the city's Cathedral Square (Piazza del Duomo), after the cathedral and the Pisa Baptistry. The tower's tilt began during construction in the 12th century, caused by an inadequate foundation on ground too soft on one side to properly support the structure's weight. The tilt increased in the decades before the structure was completed in the 14th century. It gradually increased until the structure was stabilized (and the tilt partially corrected) by efforts in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. The height of the tower is 55.86 metres (183.27 feet) from the ground on the low side and 56.67 metres (185.93 feet) on the high side. The width of the walls at the base is 2.44 m (8 ft 0.06 in). Its weight is estimated at 14,500 metric tons (16,000 short tons).[1] The tower has 296 or 294 steps; the seventh floor has two fewer steps on the north-facing staircase. Prior to restoration work performed between 1990 and 2001, the tower leaned at an angle of 5.5 degrees, but the tower now leans at about 3.99 degrees. This means the top of the tower is displaced horizontally 3.9 metres (12 ft 10 in) from the centre."Europe | Saving the Leaning Tower". BBC News. December 15, 2001. Retrieved May 9,

2009."Tower of Pisa". Archidose.org. June 17, 2001. Archived from the original on June 26, 2009. Retrieved May 9, 2009."Leaning Tower of Pisa (tower, Pisa, Italy) – Britannica Online Encyclopedia". Britannica.com. Retrieved May 9, 2009.

"E la Torre di Pisa non oscilla più". Scienze.TV. May 28, 2008. Archived from the original on May 24, 2012. Retrieved May 9, 2009.

tan(3.99 degrees) * (55.86 m + 56.70 m)/2 = 3.9 m

The Leaning Tower of Pisa, Florence Digital, William Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services May 19,2017

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5

Gibraltar Gibraltar, Digital,William Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services May 16,2017

The Rock of Gibraltar, also known as the Pillars of Hercules, and was known to the Romans as Mons Calpe, the other pillar being Mons Abyla or Jebel Musa on the African side of the Strait; it is a monolithic limestone promontory located in the British overseas territory of Gibraltar, near the southwestern tip of Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. It is 426 m (1,398 ft) high. These macaques, as well as a labyrinthine network of tunnels, attract a large number of tourists each year. In ancient times, the two points marked the limit to the known world, a myth originally fostered by the Greeks and the Phoenicians.

Gibraltar is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea and has no contact with the Atlantic Ocean.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Rock_of_Gibraltar On 5 May 1607, during the Eighty Years' War, a Dutch fleet under Admiral Jacob van Heemskerk ambushed a Spanish fleet at anchor in the Bay of Gibraltar. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Gibralta

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5

Gibraltar

GIBRALTAR CAVE

Gibraltar, Digital,William Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services May 16,2017

GIBRALTAR CAVES INSCRIBED INTO UNESCO’S WORLD HERITAGE LIST by gibmuseum on July 15, 2016. Gorham’s Cave, its sister caves and surrounding cliffs, have been inscribed onto UNESCO’s World Heritage List. The decision was taken by the World Heritage Committee at its 40th Session which is currently being held in Istanbul, Turkey.

This is Gibraltar’s first site to be inscribed on the prestigious list; with it the United Kingdom’s list of World Heritage Sites reaches 30. The Gorham’s Cave Complex thus joins a select club of United Kingdom sites that includes the Palace of Westminster and Westminster Abbey, the Giant’s Causeway, Stonehenge and the Tower of London. http://www.gibmuseum.gi/node/17

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5

Gibraltar St. Michael's Cave or Old St. Michael's Cave is the name given to a network of limestone caves located within the Upper Rock Nature Reserve in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar, at a height of over 300 metres (980 ft) above sea level. According to Alonso Hernández del Portillo, the first historian of Gibraltar, its name is derived from a similar grotto in Monte Gargano near the Sanctuary of Monte Sant'Angelo in Apulia, Italy, where the archangel Michael is said to have appeared.https://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/St._Michael%27s_Cave

Gaspar Cuesta Estévez (2001). "Toponimia bilingüe de Gibraltar:

Acercamiento a un problema histórico y sociolingüístico". Almoraima (in Spanish) (25): 443. ISSN 1133-5319

GIBRALTAR’S CAVE

Gibraltar,Digital,William Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services May 16,2017

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5 The Tower of Homage, part of Gibraltar’s Moorish Castle The North Front defences, still following the course laid out by the Moors in the 11th century, are still substantially intact. A significant portion of the original Spanish and Moorish walls can still be seen, rising in a saw-tooth (en crémaillère) fashion from the Grand Battery.Fa and Finlayson, p. 58 Although gaps have been cut in the walls to allow vehicle traffic to enter the city centre, pedestrians can still walk over the wooden drawbridge over the North Front ditch to pass through the Landport Gate into the city.Fa and Finlayson, p. 5590 The Moorish Tower of Homage continues to stand above the Grand Battery on the lower slopes of the Rock. It is now open to the public as part of the Upper Rock Nature Reserve.Fa and Finlayson, pp. 55– 691The preservation of Gibraltar's fortifications, and of its architectural heritage in general, has been a problematic issue. The peninsula is extremely short of land; in the early 1980s, nearly half the available land was in military usage, comprising the naval dockyard, the whole of the southern part of Gibraltar, the upper part of the Rock and a significant amount of property within the city walls, in addition to the runway and military facilities on the isthmus. Until recently, Gibraltar had no public sea front of its own due to military land usage.[Binney & Martin, p. 11] This has led to the abandonment and severe physical deterioration of significant parts of Gibraltar's military heritage.Binney & Martin, p. 13.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortifications_of_Gibraltar

The Tower of Homage, part of Gibraltar’s Moorish Castle

The Tower of Homage, part of Gibraltar’s Moorish Castle Gibraltar, Digital, William Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services May 16,2017

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5

Gibraltar The Europa Point Lighthouse, also referred to as the Trinity Lighthouse at Europa Point and the Victoria Tower or La Farola in Llanito, is a lighthouse at Europa Point, on the southeastern tip of the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar, on the southern end of the Iberian Peninsula, at the entrance to the Mediterranean Sea. Europa Lighthouse was inaugurated on 1 August 1841 in a brief ceremony witnessed by about 10,000 people. The first upgrade of the lighthouse occurred in 1864, when the single-wick lamp was replaced with a Chance Brothers four-wick burner, with further changes in 1875 and in 1894 when the amount of light emitted was increased. A three incandescent mantle burner was added in 1905. Following further modernisation in the 20th century, the lighthouse was fully automated in 1994. Europa Point Lighthouse is operated by Trinity House. The cylindrical tower is painted white, with a wide red horizontal band in the middle. The lighthouse has a height of 20 metres (66Â ft) and is 49 metres (161Â ft) above the high-water mark, and has a white light that occults every ten seconds. The Gibraltar Amateur Radio Society operates from the lighthouse during the third weekend of August each year. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa_Point_Lighthouse

The Europa Point Lighthouse

Gibraltar, Digital, William Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services May 16,2017

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5

Gibraltar

The culture of Gibraltar reflects Gibraltarians' diverse origins. While there are Spanish (mostly from nearby Andalusia) and British influences, the ethnic origins of most Gibraltarians are not confined to these ethnicities. Other ethnicities include Genoese, Maltese, Portuguese, and German. A few other Gibraltar residents are Jewish of Sephardic origin, Moroccan, or Indians. British influence

Gibraltar, Digital,William Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services May 16,2017

remains strong, with English being the language of government, commerce, education and the media.https:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5

Gibraltar The Battle of Trafalgar was a historic sea battle between the British Royal Navy fleet of 27 ships which defeated the combined fleets of the French Navy and Spanish Navy of 33 ships of the line. It was fought on 21 October 1805 west of Cape Trafalgar in south-west Spain.

The French and Spanish lost 22 ships, while the British lost none in the most decisive naval engagement of the Napoleonic Wars. The British commander Admiral Lord Nelson died late in the battle. http://zzzland.webs.com/gibraltaruk.htm

The Battle of Trafalgar

The Battle of Trafalgar Gibraltar, Digital,William Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services May 16,2017

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5

Gibraltar This Statue, situated in Main Street, opposite the Cathedral of St. Mary the Crowned was presented to the people of Gibraltar by the Royal Engineers to commemorate their continuous service on the Rock since 1704On the 26th. March 1994 this statue was given to the people of Gibraltar by the Corps of the Royal Engineers to commemorate the continuous service given by the corps on the Rock of Gibraltar from 1704 and the formation here in 1772 of the first body of soldiers of the corps, then known as the Company of Soldiers Artificers. http://www.travelpicspro.com/Gib006000.htm

Royal Engineers commemorate Statue

Royal Engineers commemorate Statue Gibraltar, Digital,William Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services May 16,2017

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5

Gibraltar The Gibraltar Barbary macaques

The Gibraltar Barbary macaques in Gibraltar, Digital,William Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services May 16,2017

The Gibraltar Barbary macaques are considered by many to be the top tourist attraction in Gibraltar.

The most popular troop is that of Queen's Gate at the Apes' Den, where people can get especially close to the monkeys.

They will often approach and sometimes climb onto people, as they are used to human interaction https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Barbary_macaques_in_Gibraltar

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5

London,U.K. Global Landmarks Vol.1 1900/1/10400 PARLIAMENT SQUARE 24-JAN-08 Statue of Sir Winston Churchill GV II Bronze statue of Sir Winston Churchill, installed 1973,

by Ivor Roberts-Jones. DESCRIPTION: Of darkly patinated bronze, the statue of Churchill stands on the north-east corner of Parliament Square opposite one of the key entrances to the Palace of Westminster.

It shows Churchill as a powerful, stocky, figure in a naval overcoat leaning informally on a stick and gazing, somewhat defiantly, towards the Houses of Parliament. At 12 feet (3.66 m) the figure is markedly over-life size, and stands on an 8foot (2.44 m) high, roughly square, white stone plinth, along the top of the front edge of which CHURCHILL is carved in an elegant serif font. https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1392374

Churchill Statue of Sir Winston Churchill London Buckingham Palace, Digital,William Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services June 20,2018

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5

Buckingham Palace Buckingham Palace, Digital,William Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services June 20,2018

Buckingham Palace has been the official residence of the British monarch in London since 1837. The Palace is currently home to Queen Elizabeth II. Built in 1703 by the Duke of Buckingham, the building was acquired by King George III in 1762 to be used as a private residence. The Changing of the Guard takes place at the main entrance to Buckingham Palace throughout the whole year. The

ceremony involves the changeover of the Guards, who are in charge of security at the Palace, and is accompanied by a military band.http://london.city-tour.com/en/featured-monuments

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5

Buckingham Palace, Digital,William Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services June 20,2018

The cloth caps worn by the original grenadiers in European armies during the 17th century were frequently trimmed with fur. The practice fell into disuse until the second half of the eighteenth century when grenadiers in the British, Spanish and French armies began wearing high fur hats with cloth tops and, sometimes, ornamental front plates. The purpose appears to have been to add to the apparent height and impressive appearance of these troops both on the parade ground and the battlefield.[British Military Uniforms From

Contemporary Pictures: W.Y.Carman Hamlyn Publishing Group 1968 ] During the nineteenth century, the expense of bearskin caps and difficulty of maintaining them in good condition on active service led to this form of headdress becoming generally limited to guardsmen, bands or other units having a ceremonial role.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bearskin

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5

The Buckingham Palace flower beds,Global Landmarks Vol.1 The Buckingham Palace flower beds, also known as the Memorial Gardens, were created in 1901 as part of Sir Aston Webb's overall design for a memorial to Queen Victoria after her death that year.The formal flowerbeds are laid out in a semi-circular design around the central memorial and are a familiar sight during the many of the famous processions and ceremonies that take place in this area.The planting schedule follows a traditional seasonal pattern that is repeated each year. Each planting takes approximately 2 weeks and involves up to ten staff.

Replanting of the beds in summer requires approximately 22,500 plants, including geraniums, spider plants, salvias and weeping figs. Scarlet geraniums are used to match the tunics of The Queen's Guard at Buckingham Palace. The tall geraniums in the centre of the bed are called standard geraniums and take 9 months to grow 1.2m in height. These plants are sown in September of the previous year in the glasshouses at Hyde Park. In winter time the beds are filled with about 50,000 yellow wallflowers and red tulips. https:// www.royalparks.org.uk/parks/st-jamess - park/ things-to-see-and-do/ gardens-and-landscapes/buckingham-palace-flower-

The Buckingham Palace flower beds,

The Buckingham Palace flower beds, Digital,William Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services June 20 2018

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5 The Monument to the Women of World War II,Global Landmarks Vol.1

by William Anderson Gittens

The Monument to the Women of World War II

The Monument to the Women of World War II is a British national war memorial situated on Whitehall in London, to the north of the Cenotaph. It was sculpted by John W. Mills, unveiled by Queen Elizabeth II and dedicated by Baroness Boothroyd in July 2005.

Fundraising was conducted by a charitable trust set up for the purpose of establishing a memorial, with the National Heritage Memorial Fund donating towards the project.

Baroness Boothroyd also raised money on the game show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?..https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Monument_to_the_Women_of_World_War_II

The Monument to the Women of World War II Digital,William Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services June 20, 2018

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5 The Victoria Memorial is a monument to Queen Victoria The Victoria Memorial is a monument to Queen Victoria, located at the end of The Mall in London, and designed and executed by the sculptor (Sir) Thomas Brock.

Designed in 1901, it was unveiled on 16 May 1911, though it was not completed until 1924. It was the centerpiece of an ambitious urban planning scheme, which included the creation of the Queen’s Gardens to a design by Sir Aston Webb, and the refacing of Buckingham Palace (which stands behind the memorial) by the same architect.

Like the earlier Albert Memorial in Kensington Gardens, commemorating Victoria's consort, the Victoria Memorial has an elaborate scheme of iconographic sculpture. The central pylon of the memorial is of Pentelic marble, and individual statues are in Lasa marble and gilt bronze.Ward-Jackson 2011, p. 125The memorial weighs 2,300 tonnes"The Queen Victoria Memorial". The Royal Parks. Retrieved 13 January 2015. and is 104 ft wide. In 1 9 7 0 i t w a s l i s t e d a t G r a d e I . https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Victoria_Memorial,_LondonHistoric England. "Queen Victoria Memorial (1273864)".

National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 1 January 2015.

The Victoria Memorial is a monument to Queen Victoria

The Victoria Memorial Monument to the Women of World War II Digital, William Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services June 20, 2018

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5

Buckingham Palace Digital,William Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services June 20,2018

Buckingham Palace, Digital,William Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services June 20,2018

The British Foot Guards and Royal Scots Greys did however wear bearskins in battle during the Crimean War and on peacetime manoeuvers until the introduction of khaki service dress in 1902.British Military Uniforms From Contemporary Pictures: W.Y.Carman Hamlyn Publishing Group 1968 Immediately prior to the outbreak of World War I in 1914, bearskins were still worn by guard, ceremonial palace or other units in the British, Belgian, Danish, Dutch, Imperial German, Russian and Swedish armies. "Uniforms of the

World": Richard Knotel, ISBNÂ 0-684-16304-7.This did not include use of the busby and other types of smaller fur headdress sometimes confused with the high bearskin. The Italian Sardinian Grenadiers had discarded bearskins in the nineteenth century but were to readopt them for limited ceremonial wear in modern times.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bearskin

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5

MYKONOS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Yb1_kBCsmU&t=896s

Mykonos, Digital,William Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services June 12 2018

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5

The Monastery of Panagia Tourliani , The Monastery of Panagia Tourliani in Mykonos,Digital,William Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services June 12 2018

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5

Mykonos, Mykonos came under the control of the Romans during the reign of the Roman Empire and then became part of the Byzantine Empire until the 12th century. In 1204, with the fall of Constantinople in the Fourth Crusade, Mykonos was occupied by Andrea Ghisi, a relative of the Doge of Venice.

The island was ravaged by the Catalans at the end of the 13th century and finally given over to direct Venetian rule in 1390.

In 1537, while the Venetians still reigned, Mykonos was attacked by Hayreddin Barbarossa, the admiral of Suleiman the Magnificent, and an Ottoman fleet established itself on the island. The Ottomans, under the leadership of Kapudan Pasha, imposed a system of self-governance comprising a governor and an appointed council of syndics. When the castle of Tinos fell to the Ottomans in 1718, the last of the Venetians withdrew from the region.

Up until the end of the 18th century, Mykonos prospered as a trading centre, attracting many immigrants from nearby islands, in addition to regular pirate raids. In June 1794 the Battle of Mykonos was fought between British and French ships in the island's main harbour.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mykonos

Mykonos

Mykonos II, Digital, William Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services June 12 2018

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5

Mykonos Public Library,

Mykonos Public Library

Mykonos Public Library More than 6,000 volumes, most of which are in Greek, are in the Public Library of Mykonos housed in an old mansion on Ayia Kyriaki Square.

The mansion was built in 1735 and was acquired by the Municipality in 1977.

The books are a gift from the Mykonian historian Ioannis Meletopoulos and contain his complete library and books from the personal libraries of others. Included with the collection of books are Cycladic coins and old seals. , https:// www.mykonostour.com/mykonos_general_information/mykonos_public_library.html

Mykonos II , Digital,William Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services June 12 2018

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5

The Mykonos windmills , The Mykonos windmills are iconic feature of the Greek island of the Mykonos. The island is one of the Cyclades islands, which neighbour Delos in the Aegean Sea. The windmills can be seen from every point of the village of Mykonos, the island's principal village, which is frequently called the Chora (which translates to "Country" in Greek, but refers to an island's "Town") on Greek islands. The windmills are the first thing seen when coming into the harbour of Alefkandra, as they stand on a hill overlooking the area. Most windmills face towards the North where the island's climate sources its strongest winds over the largest part of the year. There are currently 16 windmills on Mykonos of which seven are positioned on the landmark hill in Chora. Most of them were built by the Venetians in the 16th century, but their construction continued into the early 20th century. They were primarily used to mill wheat. They were an important source of income for the inhabitants. Their use gradually declined until they ceased production in the middle of the 20th century. The architecture of each of them is similar, all have a round shape, white colour and a pointed roof and very small windows. Such windmills are found in almost all Cyclades islands. One of these windmills has been transformed into a museum. The whole village of Chora and part of the harbour are visible from this point.https:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mykonos_windmills

The Mykonos windmills

Mykonos, Digital,William Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services June 12 2018

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5

Mykonos

Devgro Media Arts Services June 12 2018

Mykonos, Digital,William Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services June 12 201

Mykonos DigitalWilliam Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services June 12 2018

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5

The Monastery

The Monastery of Panagia Tourliani

of Panagia Tourliani , The Monastery of Panagia Tourliani in Mykonos, Cyclades: The monastery of Panagia Tourliani is placed 8km far from Chora town, in Ano Mera village. The construction was originally built in 1542 by two priests and was initially named after the Presentation of the Virgin Mary. The monastery was restored in 1767 and took its present name after an icon of the Virgin Mary found in the nearby area of Tourlos. Since then, Panagia Tourliani became the patroness of the island and celebrates on August, 15th. Source: www.greeka.com The architecture of the monastery is rather impressive, with a whitewashed exterior and a colored dome. A beautiful marble fountain is found in the yard outside the church. In the interior of the church, we can see an impressive wooden iconostasis (altar screen) made in 1775 by Florentine artists.

There are icons of apostoles and saints on the iconostasis as well as scenes from the New Testament.. Source: https:// www.greeka.com The reason for the abundance of churches is that for a number of years to build a house, the islanders were required to build a church on their land first. https://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Mykonos

Mykonos, Digital, William Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services June 12 2018

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5 Manto Mavrogenous: The Beautiful Female Commander Of Mykonos , Global Landmarks Vol.1

Manto Mavrogenous: The Beautiful Female Commander Of Mykonos At the end of the Old Port, at the Taxi Square, there is a sculpture of an elegant female figure. The cheerful groups passing by all day might miss her, but she watches over them and her beloved island with pride and love. Her name is Manto and in case you didn’t notice the writing beneath, she was an exceptional personality of the Greek Revolution. https://theculturetrip.com/europe/greece/articles/manto-mavrogenous-the-beautiful-female-commander-ofmykonos/

Manto Mavrogenous

Manto Mavrogenous, Digital,William Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services June 12 2018

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5

Naples

Mergellina is a coastal section of the city of Naples, Italy. It is located in the quartiere of Chiaia. It stands at the foot of the Posillipo Hill and faces the Castel dell'OvoNaples,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Mergellina

Naples,Digital,William Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services June 15 2018

Naples,Digital,William Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services June 15 2018

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5

Naples

Naples

History of Naples, Digital,William Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services June 15 2018

History of Naples, Digital,William Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services June 15 2018 History of Naples, Digital,William Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services June 15 2018

The recorded history of the Naples (Italian Napoli) begins in the 7th century BC when the nearby Greek colony of Cumae founded a new city called Parthenope. Cumae itself had been founded by people from Euboea. Precisely why the inhabitants of Cumae decided to expand is not known for certain, but the Cumaeans built Neapolis (the "New City") adjacent to the old Parthenope. At about the same time, they had warded off an invasion attempt by the Etruscans. The new city grew thanks to the influence of the powerful Greek city-state of Syracuse in Sicily and at some point the new and old cities on the Gulf of Naples merged to become a single inhabited nucleus. Naples became an ally of the Roman Republic against Carthage. The strong walls of Naples held off Hannibal. During the Samnite Wars, the city, now a bustling centre of trade, was captured by the Samnites. However, the Romans soon took it from them and made Neapolis a Roman colony. Neapolis was greatly respected by the Romans as a place of Hellenistic culture. The people maintained their Greek language and customs, and elegant villas, aqueducts, public baths, a theatre and the Temple of Dioscures were built. A number of Roman emperors, including Claudius and Tiberius, maintained villas in or near Naples. It was during this period that Christianity came to Naples, and the Apostles St. Peter and St. Paul are said to have preached here. St. Januarius, who would become Naples' patron saint, was martyred here.http://www.naples-napoli.com/history_naples.htm

ISBN 978-976-96220-0-5

Galleria Umberto I Naples

Galleria Umberto I in door Mall Naples, Digital, William Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services June 15 2018

The city of Naples, often in headlines for its garbage woes and mafia violence, is celebrating international recognition of its tastier side.

It has gained world heritage status for its pizza. UNESCO has added the art of the Neapolitan pizza maker, or “pizzaiuolo”, to its list of “intangible cultural heritage of humanity”. Neapolitan pizza making was one of 33 traditional practices from around the world that were added to the UN cultural organisation’s list of “forms of expression” that are of importance to humanity.

Other winners this year were the ritual Kumbh Mela baths taken in India, Bosnian Konjic woodcarving, and the sega tambour dance and song performances of Mauritius’ Rodrigues Island.https://www.news.com.au/travel/world-travel/europe/naples-pizzamaking-earns-unesco-world-heritage-status/news-story/7421efc8562a6d50e26a4afa5d963eee

In Naples, pizza makers celebrated the victory by giving away free pizza at a massive street party.

Agriculture minister Maurizio Martina said Italy’s campaign, launched in 2009, marked the first time UNESCO had recognised a profession linked to food production.

According to Mr Martina, the art of Neapolitan pizza making “involves Italian know-how based on experience, gestures and traditional knowledge passed on from generation to generation”.

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Naples

In Naples, pizza makers celebrated the victory by giving away free pizza at a massive street party.

Agriculture minister Maurizio Martina said Italy’s campaign, launched in 2009, marked the first time UNESCO had recognised a profession linked to food production.

Naples, Digital,William Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services June 15 2018

According to Mr Martina, the art of Neapolitan pizza making “involves Italian know-how based on experience, gestures and traditional knowledge passed on from generation to generation”.

Italy is already the country with the most UNESCO world heritage sites at 53, including the historic centres of Rome, Naples and Florence, the entire lagoon city of Venice and the Amalfi Coast.

With the pizza makers, Italy now counts six cultural practices on the “intangible cultural heritage” list, including the “Mediterranean diet” and Cremona’s violin craftsmanship.https://www.news.com.au/travel/world-travel/europe/naples-pizza-makingearns-unesco-world-heritage-status/news-story/7421efc8562a6d50e26a4afa5d963eee

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Naples

Naples

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Naples (/ˈneɪpəlz/; Italian: Napoli [ˈnaːpoli] ( listen), Neapolitan: Napule [ˈnɑːpələ] or [ˈnɑːpulə]; Latin: Neapolis; Ancient Greek: Νεάπολις, lit. 'new city') is the regional capital of Campania and the third-largest municipality in Italy after Rome and Milan.Naples (/ˈneɪpəlz/; Italian: Napoli [ˈnaːpoli ] ( listen), Neapolitan: Napule [ˈnɑːpələ] or [ˈnɑːpulə]; Latin: Neapolis; Ancient Greek: Νεάπολις, lit. 'new city') is the regional capital of Campania and the third-largest municipality in Italy after Rome and Milan. In 2017, around 967,069 people lived within the city's administrative limits while its province-level municipality has a population of 3,115,320 residents. Its continuously built-up metropolitan area (that stretches beyond the boundaries of the Metropolitan City of Naples) is the second or third metropolitan area in Italy.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naples

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Castel Nuovo Castel Nuovo, often called Maschio Angioino, is a medieval castle located in front of Piazza Municipio and the city hall in central Naples, Campania, Italy. Castel Nuovo (Italian: "New Castle"), often called Maschio Angioino (Italian: "Angevin Keep"), is a medieval castle located in front of Piazza Municipio and the city hall (Palazzo San Giacomo) in central Naples, Campania, Italy. Its scenic location and imposing size makes the castle, first erected in 1279, one of the main architectural landmarks of the city. It was a royal seat for kings of Naples, Aragon and Spain until 1815.It is the headquarters of Neapolitan Society of Homeland History and of the Naples Committee of the Institute for the History of the Italian Risorgimento. In the complex there is also the civic museum, which includes the Palatine Chapel and the museum paths on the first and second floors. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castel_Nuovo

Castel Nuovo

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Fontana del Gigante,

The Fontana del Gigante, NaplesThe Fontana del Gigante or Fountain of the Giant is a monumental fountain in Naples.

It was designed in the 17th century

by Michelangelo Naccherino and Pietro Bernini for the Royal Palace of Naples, The Fontana del Gigante or Fountain of the Giant is a monumental fountain in Naples.

It was designed in the 17th century by Michelangelo Naccherino and Pietro Bernini for the Royal Palace of Naples,

Fontana del Gigante, Naples, Digital, William Anderson Gittens of Devgro Media Arts Services June 15 2018

where it stood near a colossal ancient statue, and thereby gained its name.

From there it was moved to the site of Palace of the Immacolatella, but in 1905, it was moved to it present picturesque site, on via Partenope, near the Castel dell'Ovo. It is also called the Fontana dell’Immacolatella. ..https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fontana_del_Gigante,_Naples

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Castel dell'Ovo Castel dell'Ovo is a seaside castle in Naples, located on the former island of Megaride, now a peninsula, on the Gulf of Naples in Italy. Castel dell'Ovo (in English, Egg Castle) is a seaside castle in Naples, located on the former island of Megaride, now a peninsula, on the Gulf of Naples in Italy.

The castle's name comes from a legend about the Roman poet Virgil, who had a reputation in the Middle Ages as a great sorcerer and predictor of the future. In the legend, Virgil put a magical egg into the foundations to support the fortifications. Had this egg been broken, the castle would have been destroyed and a series of disastrous events for Naples would have followed. The castle is located between the districts of San Ferdinando and Chiaia, facing Mergellina across the sea. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castel_dell%27Ovo

Castel dell'Ovo

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Mergellina Naples Mergellina, Naples https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mergellina Mergellina is a coastal section of the city of Naples, Italy. It is located in the quartiere of Chiaia. It stands at the foot of the Posillipo Hill and faces the Castel dell'Ovo. Â

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Rapallo Rapallo (Ligurian: Rapallu) is a municipality in the Metropolitan City of Genoa, located in the Liguria region of northern Italy.

As of 2017 it counts 29,778 inhabitants.

[ISTAT] It is situated on the Ligurian Sea coast, on the Tigullio Gulf, between Portofino and Chiavari.

The climate is moderate. Many of the villas are built in the hills that rise immediately behind the city, protecting them from strong northern winds.

The Rapallo area is included within the Parco Naturale Regionale di Portofino, encompassing the territory of six Ligurian communes.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapallo

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Rapallo

The first settlement dates probably from the 8th century BCE, although the findings have not clarified if it was Etruscan or Greek. Conquered by the Lombards in 643, the village of Rapallo was included in the county of Genoa under Charlemagne. The name of the city appears for the first time in a document from 964. In 1203 the PodestĂ of Rapallo was created, and the town became a Genoese dominion in 1229, remaining under that aegis until the Napoleonic Wars. Galleys from Rapallo took part to the Battle of Meloria of 1284. On 5 September 1494, it was captured by the Aragonese, but three days later 2,500 Swiss troops ousted them.

During the 16th century it was attacked and sacked by the Ottomans and Barbary pirates. To help defend the village against such attacks a castle was built on the seafront. In 1608 Rapallo was made into a Capitaneato (captainship) of its own, as part of the Republic of Genoa..https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapallo

Rapallo, Digital,Devgro Media Arts Services May18 2017

Rapallo, Digital,Devgro Media Arts Services May18 2017

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Incendio del Castello con la Processione Religiosa dei Crocifissi Rapallo Located at the eastern end of the Lungomare Vittorio Veneto,( waterfront promenade Vittorio Veneto) surrounded by the sea and connected to the dry land by a pier, its unmistakable silhouette is one of the symbols of the city of Rapallo and is reproduced in engravings, postcards, stamps and souvenirs.

It was built in 1550 for defensive purposes after the looting and destruction of the town by the pirate Dragut, who enslaved many people. Used for a long time as a prison it was restored and is now a prestigious venue for exhibitions and conferences. It’s also the protagonist of the top event of the festivities towns: every year, on July 3rd, the last night of the celebrations in honor of the apparition of Our Lady Montallegro, the Castle is the starting point for the firework display called "the shot of the boys", after which fire is set artificially. The effect of white pyrotechnic waterfall that descends into the sea from its roof and red smoke coming out from its windows is unique in the world.https:// www.comune.rapallo.ge.it/index.php?id_sezione=501&id_lingua=2

Incendio del Castello con la Processione Religiosa dei Crocifissi Rapallo, Digital,Devgro Media Arts Services May18 2017

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Christopher Columbus Monument in Santa Margherita Rapallo

Christopher Columbus Monument in Santa MargheritaRapallo, Digital,Devgro Media Arts Services May18 2017

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Landmarks in Rapallo DigitalDevgro Media Arts Services May18 2017 Landmarks in Rapallo, Digital,Devgro Media Arts Services May18 2017

Rapallo’s Landmarks Landmarks in Rapallo, Digital, Devgro Media Arts Services May18 2017

Landmarks in Rapallo, Digital, Devgro Media Arts Services May18 2017