WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? VOL.1

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ISBN 978-976-96220-5-0

ISBN 978-976-96220-5-0

What’s That In Your Hand? VOL.1 First Edition

William Anderson Gittens Author, B.A. CEO, Dip..Com. Cinematographer, Cultural Practitioner, Media Arts Specialists,Publisher

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What’s That In Your Hand? Vol.1 William Anderson Gittens

Media Arts Specialists’ Cultural Practitioner First Edition © 2018 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of William Anderson Gittens the copyright owner. Typesetting, Layout Design, Illustrations, and Photography by William Anderson Gittens Edited by William Anderson Gittens ISBN 978-976-96220-5-0 Printed by Printed by Massy Technologies InfoCom (Barbados) Ltd Published by Devgro Media Arts Services Email address wgittens11@gmail.com

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RECOGNITIONS

Special thanks to the Creator for his guidance and choosing me as a conduit to express the creative gifts he has given me and my late parents Charles and Ira Gittens. Thanks to those who assisted me along this journey namely my Beloved wife Magnola Gittens, my Brothers- Shurland, Charles, Ricardo, Arnott, Stephen, Sisters- Emerald, Marcella, Cheryl, Cousins-Joy Mayers, Kevin and Ernest Mayers, Donna Archer, Avis Dyer, Jackie Clarke, Uncles- Clifford, Leonard Mayers, David Bruce, Collin Rock. My children Laron and Lisa. Well-wishersMr.and Mrs. Andrew Platizky, Mr. Matthew Sutton, Mr.& Mrs. Gordon Alleyne, Mr. Juan Arroyo, Robert S.Forde, Mr. and Mrs. David Lavine, Mrs. Ellen Gordon, Dr.Nicholas Gordon, the late Dr.Joseph Drew, Merline Mayers, Mr. and Mrs. Trevor Millington, Rev. & Mrs. Donavon Shoemaker, Ms. Geraldine Davis, Rev.Carl and Rev Angie Dixon, Mrs. Gloria Rock, Rev.Pauline Harewood, Mr. and Mrs. Stewart Russell, Mrs. Shirley Smith, Mr. and Mrs. Felton Ince, Mr. and Mrs. David Brathwaite, Mr.and Mrs. Ryan Miller Mr.and Mrs. Neilo Mascoll. All of the above contributed to my academic developmental journey. William Anderson Gittens Author, Media Arts Specialists’ Cultural Practitioner, Publisher ISBN 978-976-96220-5-0

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ................................................................................

PAGE

Recognitions ...........................................................……….…………..............3 Table of Contents ....................................................……….…………..............4 Assertion .........................................................………..……...………………..6 Preamble .........................................................………..……….……………....7 Statement.........................................................………..……...………………..8 Abstract ...........................................................………..……...……................10 Setting .....................................................................……………….................15 Chapter 1……....………………………………..…………............................20 Chapter 2 McCain ....................................................………..………………..40 Chapter 3Franklin ....................................................…….……...……………55 Chapter 4 Nelson Mandela......................................….……….…………..….74 Chapter 5 Mother Teresa .........................................……..………………..….82

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Chapter 6 Usain Bolt...............................................……….….………….…..89 Chapter 7 Mahatma Gandhi .................................... ………..………………102 Chapter 8 Rev.Dr.Martin Luther King Jr..……………………………….....107 Chapter 9 Stewart Russell ......................………….……………..………….113 Chapter 10 Robert S.Forde ....................………….……………..………….123 Chapter 11 Trevor John Douglas Millington ..........…………..…………….125 Chapter 12Alan Emtage ..........................................………….…………......128 Chapter 13 Suggestion..…………………………………….…………........132 Chapter 14 Personal Reflections .............................………………………...133 Chapter 15 Conclusions and Reflections ................……………………...…136 Chapter 16 Conclusion............................................……………..…….…....137 About the Author................................................….……………..……….....148 Works Cited .......................................................….………………………...155

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ASSERTION

Undoubtedly1, the pertinent adapted question “What’s that in your hand2? is not only a cultural cliché, but enunciated testimonies of iconic global citizens who symbolically acting as conduits whereby their expressions become an infectious quality which occupies the annals of history being applied unawares by their diaspora in accordance with their inherited DNA lineage.

©2018

1 William Anderson Gittens Author Media Arts Specialist c.2018 2William Anderson Gittens Author Media Arts Specialist c.2018 WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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PREAMBLE

It is reported ‘The rod3 was one of the ancient elements in the tradition. Here, it is represented as the shepherd’s staff which was naturally in Moses’ hands, and it becomes the medium of the display of the divine power to him

Consequently, it is not denied4 that all the facts which have occurred in the world are bound together by those hidden laws, physical, moral, and spiritual, which constitute the whole moral government of God.

3 https://biblehub.com/commentaries/cambridge/exodus/4.htm 4A History of The World from the Earliest Records to The Present Time By Philip Smith, B.A., one of the principal contributors to the Dictionaries of Greek and Roman Antiquities , Biography, and Geography, Vol.1. Ancient History From The Creation of The World To The Accession of Philip of Macedon.London: Bradbury and Evans, Printers,Whitepraiars WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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STATEMENT

As an Author and Media Arts Specialist my antenna vibrated at the 355 BC question "What is that in your hand?" as featured in Exodus 4:25 As a consequence, I have decided to focus my lens figuratively, metaphorically, philosophically, and symbolically on how the pertinent adapted question “What’s that in your hand ? ” is not from a film or created from a television series nor television segments but was adapted as a 21st first century question. Of note global citizens intended response of this pertinent adapted question “What’s that in your hand6? is perceived as testimonies enunciated. Undoubtedly, an analysis of the varied responses given by global citizens in this sphere of communication may be perceived as an expression verbalized within a cultural space, simultaneously honoring the lineage of their diaspora within context©2018

5 Exodus 4:2 6William Anderson Gittens Author Media Arts Specialist c.2018 WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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Therefore when their diaspora evaluates the enunciated declarations of iconic

global citizens they will discover “What's that in your hand7?” because it becomes infectious. In this environment a similar characteristic seems to be implanted within their DNA, symbolically they are just conduits whereby expressions flow. Therefore “What's that in your hand 8?” is not only perceived as just a symbolic abstract that transcends identities such as race, class and gender but a lived experienced. Cultural theorist Stuart Hall makes the claim that this social construct “Identities can be used as points of identification9” An analysis of Hall’s theory unearths the classifying functions and the importance of the identities, which seems to be part and parcel of the space that global citizens occupy.

7William Anderson Gittens Author Media Arts Specialist c.2018 8William Anderson Gittens Author Media Arts Specialist c.2018 9[1]

Stuart Hall,

”Introduction: Who Needs Identity Questions of Cultural Identity?” Stuart Hall and Paul duGay,ed., (London: Sage Publications,1996), 1-17(p.5).all race, class culture,

ethnicity, gender, culture,. WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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ABSTRACT

Traditionally all global citizens use their lens figuratively, metaphorically, philosophically, and symbolically to answer questions and enunciate their testimony. In my analysis, I will attempt to answer the question What’s That In Your hand10 since it is a pertinent adapted question. Moreover, I will also try ascertaining whether the responses can be characterized as an intimate story, a narrative, a conversation, a cultural cliché, cultural expression, or whether this pragmatic question demands a response.

This conversation explores whether this question is on parallel to remaining silent in the face of injustice which is perceived as complicit. In this discourse, it is also presumed that the overarching principle of this conversation is this question since it has become part of global citizens’ life by verbalizing the testimonies of John Sidney McCain III, Mother Teresa, Aretha Franklin, Usain Bolt, Nelson Mandela, Rev. Dr. Martin 10William Anderson Gittens Author Media Arts Specialist c.2018 WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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Luther King Jr., Mahatma Gandhi, Trevor John Douglas Millington, Robert Forde, Stewart Russell, and Alan Emtage11 The above mentioned expressions have become part of the popular culture since their testimonies has and will continue to impact millions in various cultural spaces and different dispensations within the world regardless of their identities. I am also cognizant of the fact that the more angles that I employ in the pursuance to answering this question “What’s That In Your Hand? Unquestionably the same should evoke a measure of the intellectual consciousness within the global citizens’ mind. To this end, further evaluation will also determine whether their educational and cultural platform should make it possible for them to answer the question from a personal level even though it is a thought worth exploring. That being highlighted, I have also analyzed this question in context as though is a-likening to a film adaptation12 which is the transfer of a written work, in whole or in

11https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Emtage 12as recorded in the annals of history in 1355 BC

was adapted and use in this conversation can be interpreted as a conversation between the Creator and Moses into 21st century

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part, to a feature film. The 355 BC question featured in Exodus 4:213 "What is that in your hand?" was adapted but not from a film neither was it created from a television series or television segments; But, an adapted question being asked in the 21 first century which has values and is a common phrase expression, question, cliché, abstract applied symbolically. This type of derivative work is the common form of film adaptation utilized in Exodus 4:214 as the basis of this featured conversation. However, in this dispensation, the advent and the evolution of technology, the profiling of `people’s identity are associated with human behavior are global citizens. All things being equal, just as a conversation ensued between Moses and the Creator; likewise, a digital conversation / dialogue has just ensued between you and I. What’s that in your hand15 will be interpreted differently justifiably so because global citizens are perceived as complex, sociable, prejudicial, perceptive, and analytical.

13 Exodus 4:2 14 Exodus 4:2 15William Anderson Gittens Author Media Arts Specialist c.2018 WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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Through my lens this question is applied in context to enunciate the testimonies

and feats of some randomly selected global citizens who has iconic status namely John Sidney McCain III, Mother Teresa, Aretha Franklin, Usain Bolt, Nelson Mandela, Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., Mahatma Gandhi, Trevor Millington, Robert Forde, Stewart Russell, and Alan Emtage16

answered What’s that in your hand occupies the

figurative, the metaphoric and the symbolic space to help others. Conversely, just as a videographer gives a treatment to their works likewise as an author and Media Arts Practitioner thru my lens I will attempt to give the question a treatment17. The reality is as a cinematographer, videographer my goal is to write a single document that defines the videos concept and summarizes the creating approach to be taken. Usually this can be as short as a single page. The best part of making this treatment is the fact that it formalizes the creative process for me Author and Media Arts Specialist .

16https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Emtage 17https://www.google.com/search? WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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In other words I have framed and adapted the question concept and summarized

the same. Hence the same is creating an approach to be taken that establishes a platform whereby the question can be answered figuratively, metaphorically and symbolically thus reminding global citizens that regardless of their identity they should revisit this pragmatic question What18’s that in your hand? In other words the world is bound together19 by those hidden laws, physical, moral, and spiritual, which constitute the whole moral government of God and if global citizens should categorically deny that they do not possess natural abilities furthermore a talent then they cannot convincingly answer the question What20’s that in your hand?

18William Anderson Gittens Author Media Arts Specialist c.2018 19A History of The World from the Earliest Records to The Present Time By Philip Smith, B.A., one of the principal contributors to the Dictionaries of Greek and Roman Antiquities , Biography, and Geography, Vol.1. Ancient History From The Creation of The World To The Accession of Philip of Macedon.London: Bradbury and Evans, Printers,Whitepraiars

20William Anderson Gittens Author Media Arts Specialist c.2018 WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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SETTING Some folk characterized John Sidney McCain III as an Old, Patriot21, Bush/ Bush-like, Experienced, Honest, War hero22 John McCain was a maverick of U.S. politics Maverick. Whereas Patricia Smith23 of the Boston Globe characterized Aretha Franklin “Queen of Soul,” The Irish Examiner24 newspaper has characterized Usain Bolt as Jamaïcain’s sprint champion, while Nelson Mandela25 became one of the great moral and political leaders of our time and an international hero and a cultural icon of freedom and equality comparable with Mahatma Gandhi.

21https://www.usnews.com/opinion/articles/2008/09/30/5-words-that-best-describe-john-mccain 22https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/us-politics/article-war-hero-john-mccain-was-a-maverick-of-us-politics/ 23https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/literature-and-arts/music-popular-and-jazz-biographies/aretha-franklin 24https://jamaicans.com/usain-bolt-face-rio-olympics/ 25http://jcc-good-leadership.tripod.com/id8.html WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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Mahatma Gandhi26 was a leader who inspired and still continues to inspire,

people of all nation with his ethical and ideological legacy “Be the change you want to see in the world.” While The King Philosophy Daily check27 and affirm your faith in the philosophy and methods of nonviolence. Eliminate hidden motives and prepare yourself to accept suffering, if necessary, in your work for justice. Mother Teresa28 had a love for the poor.

The Nazi Olympics of Berlin29 in 1936. 1 August 1936. The Games of the XI Olympiad, opened in Berlin on 1 August 1936, was an extravaganza, with the Chancellor of Germany, Adolf Hitler, sparing no expense to produce the biggest and best Olympic Games in history. Of note John Sidney McCain III30 was August 29,

26https://www.ukessays.com/essays/ 27http://www.thekingcenter.org/king-philosophy 28https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/philosophy-and-religion/roman-catholic-and-orthodox-churches-general-biographies/mother-teresa 29https://www.historychannel.com.au/this-day-in-history/nazi-olympics-berlin-1936/ 30https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_McCain WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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1936 and died August 25, 2018.

In the Pacific, the Japanese continued their expansion into Borneo31, Java and Sumatra. The 'unassailable' British fortress of Singapore fell rapidly in February, with around 25,000 prisoners taken, many of whom would die in Japanese camps in the years to follow. Aretha Louise Franklin32 (March 25, 1942 – August 16, 2018)

The very first “Goodwill Games33” were held in Moscow in July of 1986. Created by media mogul Ted Turner, the games were a multi-sport competition similar to the Olympics. There were a total of 3,000 athletes from 79 different countries who participated in the 182 events. At the end of the first games the Soviet Union had won the most medals with a total of 241 and the United States had the second most with 142. The Goodwill Games continued every 4 years until 2001 when they were ended.

31http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/ww2_summary_01.shtml#five 32https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin 33http://www.thepeoplehistory.com/1986.html WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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Usain Bolt34, born August 21, 1986.

The famous “inverted Jenny35” stamps - misprinted upside-down biplane - are printed. A hundred are known to be in existence; in 2016, one sold for $1,175,000. Margaret Owen sets a typing speed record of 170 wpm for one minute. (Owen already had won several hour-long typing contests.) and Nelson Mandela36 was born July 18, 1918 and died December 5, 2013. The Wall Street Crash of 1929, also known as the Stock Market Crash37 of 1929 or the Great Crash, is the stock market crash that occurred in late October, 1929. It started on October 24 ("Black Thursday") and continued through October 29, 1929 ("Black Tuesday"), when share prices on the New York Stock Exchange collapsed. Martin Luther King38 was January 15, 1929 and died April 4, 1968

34https://www.biography.com/people/usain-bolt-20702091 35https://www.cleveland.com/entertainment/index.ssf/2018/01/1918_famous_firsts_events_inve.html 36https://www.biography.com/people/nelson-mandela-9397017 37https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street_Crash_of_1929 38https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr. WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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1910. Jack Johnson beats Tommy Burns39, Jack Johnson became the first black

boxer to win the Heavyweight Boxing Championship was when he knocked out the reigning champion Tommy Burns on December 26th, 1910 and Mother Teresa40 was born 26 August 1910 and died 5 September 1997.

November 3, 1957. The Soviet Union41 launches a female dog into space on Sputnik II. Her name is Laika, which means "barker" in Russian. She lives for seven days, proving that animals (and presumably humans) can survive in space. This is the year that Operations Manager Trevor John Douglas Millington was born 13 Nov. 1957 Operations Manager.

39www.thepeoplehistory.com/1910to1919.html 40 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mother_Teresa 41teacher.scholastic.com/space/space_firsts/ WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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CHAPTER 1 Although what’s that in your hand42 is perceived a cultural social abstract and a cliché, yet in this context the same will be applied as symbolic which can be interpreted differently since people are complex, sociable, prejudicial, perceptive, and analytical. However as an author and Media Arts Practitioner I wish to advocate that the cultural social abstract what’s that in your hand43 will be applied symbolically in context. In critically discussing, examining, analyzing and verbalizing the question with in an Author and Media Arts Specialist perspective. For example After his rendezvous with Aaron at Mt. Horeb/Sinai44, Moses and his brother made the return journey to the Delta region of Egypt to meet with the leaders of the twelve tribes of Israel.

42William Anderson Gittens Author Media Arts Specialist c.2018 43 William Anderson Gittens Author Media Arts Specialist c.2018 44https://www.agapebiblestudy.com/Exodus/Exodus_Lesson_4.htm WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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Having gained the support of the elders of the tribes of Israel (Ex 4:29-31), Moses and Aaron arranged to have an audience with the ruling Pharaoh. If our projected dates for Moses are correct, it is now the year 355 BC. Moses was eighty years old and his elder brother Aaron was eighty-three (Ex 7:7). These two elderly men were about to take on the most powerful king in the entire ancient Near East. If our projections are accurate, and the dates Egyptologists have assigned to the Egyptian king list are accurate, the reigning pharaoh would have been Amenhotep III (ruled c. 1390 " c. 1352 BC) who ruled at the height of Egyptian power and influence in the world. There are, however, many other theories supporting other kings of the 18th Dynasty as well as the kings of the 19th Dynasty. During this period c. 135645 BC – Amenhotep IV begins the worship of Aten in Ancient Egypt, changing his name to Akhenaten and moving the capital to Akhetaten, starting the Amarna Period.

45https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1350s_BC WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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c. 1352 BC – Amenhotep III (Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt) dies and is succeeded as Pharaoh by Amenhotep IV. 1350 BC – Yin becomes the new capital of Shang dynasty China. It is reported that the first Phoenix cycle commenced during his reign, B.C. 1986. In his successor, Amenemha III., we may probably trace the MCE RIS of the Greeks, as his praenomen bears some resemblance to that name, and he is by Manetho Mohave built the labyrinth in the Arsinoite Nome (the Faioum) for his tomb, and his name has been discovered on its ruins46. Another great which bears his name is the lake mores in the same nome, the improvement of which, for the purpose of regulating the inundation, was probably work of the Twelfth Dynasty. The Greeks seem, however, to have used the name of Moeris almost, as vaguely as Sesostris. Herodotus assigns a date to Moeris47, nine hundred years before his own time, that is, about 1355 B.C.48 46 Herodotus erroneously assigns it to the twelve kings who reigned before Psammetichus. 47https://books.google.com/books? id=vHABAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA116&lpg=PA116&dq=what+was+happening+1355+BC&source=bl&ots=QhwqH0-7Zv&sig=octJVp5lZAl9Pk4m9WhjLV2PdXo&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUK EwiJ8s_G8KvdAhVLoVMKHYWZBtgQ6AEwDHoECAMQAQ#v=onepage&q=what%20was%20happening%201355%20BC&f=false

48 A History of The World from the Earliest Records to The Present Time By Philip Smith, B.A., one of the principal contributors to the Dictionaries of Greek and Roman Antiquities , Biography, and Geography, Vol.1. Ancient History From The Creation of The World To The Accession of Philip of Macedon.London: Bradbury and Evans, Printers,Whitepraiars WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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According to Dr. Ralph F. Wilson in his titled piece What's in Your Hand? It's a clue to what God might have you do. Dr. Ralph F. Wilson has asserted that Moses49, sweltering in the heat of the Sinai desert, is engaged in a pity party. "I can't do what you want, Lord, because of this excuse and that excuse. People won't accept me. I can't talk good. Let somebody else do it." But arguing with God is never a good idea. You don't win. Even if you say "No" (and God may let you), you lose. When you say "no" or "I can't," you miss out on the great adventure God has for you when you're in the center of His will for your life. But what is that will? In the barren wastes of the Sinai, God asks Moses a simple question: "What's in your hand?" Moses is a shepherd. That's all he's done for 40 years, and he's ready to retire at age 80. "What's in your hand, Moses?" Moses looks at his hand. "A staff," he tells God — as if God didn't know. 49 http://www.joyfulheart.com/maturity/whats-in-your-hand.htm WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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Duh!

The Lord says, "Throw it on the ground." Moses does so, and it becomes a snake. God tells him to pick it up by the tail and it turns back into a staff. Hmmm. Over the next 40 years of Moses' life, God uses that simple wooden stick to deliver the Israelites from Pharaoh, to open the Red Sea, to win a battle with the Amalekites, to bring water from a rock. Who would have thought? As Moses learns to use in faith what God has put in his hand, his life is changed — as well as the course of world history. My question to you is: What has God put in your hand? Do you wonder how God might use you? See what He has given you. God equips people in various ways. I like to have people over to my home, you might say. Another might respond, I'm good with my hands. I can help a group get things done. I like to cook. I have the gift of gab. I like to keep things tidy. And so on. The term "symbolism50" is derived from the word "symbol" which derives 50 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolism_(arts) WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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from the Latin symbolum, a symbol of faith, and symbolus, a sign of recognition, in turn from classical Greek σύµβολον symbolon, an object cut in half constituting a sign of recognition when the carriers were able to reassemble the two halves. In ancient Greece, the symbolon was a shard of pottery which was inscribed and then broken into two pieces which were given to the ambassadors from two allied city states as a record of the alliance. Symbolism was largely a reaction against naturalism and realism, antiidealistic styles which were attempts to represent reality in its gritty particularity, and to elevate the humble and the ordinary over the ideal. Symbolism51 was a reaction in favour of spirituality, the imagination, and dreams52. Some writers, such as Joris-Karl Huysmans, began as naturalists before becoming symbolists; for Huysmans, this change represented his increasing interest in religion and spirituality. Certain of the characteristic subjects of the Decadents represent naturalist 51 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolism_(arts) 52 Balakian, Anna, The Symbolist Movement: a critical appraisal. Random House, 1967, ch. 2. WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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interest in sexuality and taboo topics, but in their case this was mixed with Byronic romanticism and the world-weariness characteristic of the fin de siècle period. Symbolists believed that art should represent absolute truths that could only be described indirectly. Dr. Ralph F. Wilson interpretation combined together with theoretical this construct symbolism forms the framework for this conversation in the deconstructing of Moses’ reply as highlighted in Exodus 4:2 And the LORD53 Exodus 4:2 And the LORD54 asked him, "What is that in your hand?" “A staff,” he replied. Analyzing Moses’ direct response to the Creator’s question as cited in the text Exodus 4:2

I was compelled to advance the question what’s that in Your Hand a

timely question to all global citizens. Just as Moses’ staff55 signifies power, because it is a support; for it supports the hand and arm, and through them the whole body; wherefore a staff takes

53 Exodus 4:2 54 Exodus 4:2 55 www.biblemeanings.info/Words/Artifact/Staff.htm WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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on the signification of the part which it immediately supports, that is, the hand and arm, by both of which in the Word is signified the power of truth. Symbolically a gift or vocation according to Mother Teresa56 she found meaning through her vocation and was influenced by many beliefs and teachings of the Church such as, the option for the poor and vulnerable, life and dignity of the human person. The rationale for such a query has to do with the fact that Symbolism and figurative language will provided some depth to this conversation that reliance on straightforward expression allows me to move beyond using my writing style to underscore global citizens’ testimonies. It appears that some folk at some point of their journey may and will experience the crossroad phenomena since this experience is contingent on transition or decision regarding their career. This conversation is framed in the context of

56 https://www.123helpme.com/search.asp?text=vocation WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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symbolism57 and perception because whether we are aware of it or not symbolism58 is the practice of representing things by symbols, or of investing things with a symbolic meaning or character. Perhaps Indecisiveness appears to be a well-known phenomenon that has and will always impact global citizens. However given the specifics of this admission begs this cultural question what’s that in Your Hand? is symbolic because global citizens antenna will vibrate within their constitutional patriotism space.

Vietnam - Paris Peace Accords1973 Inflation has a significant impact on people’s lives around the world with the UK inflation rate running at 8.4% and the US running at 6.16% . This causes problems in every aspect of people’s lives from the price of Gas, Food and Bills , which in turn causes higher wages and the spiral continues, much of this is caused by the Arab members of the (OPEC) restricting the 57 https://www.dictionary.com/browse/symbolism 58 https://www.dictionary.com/browse/symbolism WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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flow of oil to countries supporting Israel as part of the Yom Kippur War. And the start of a Recession in Europe causing increased unemployment and a 3 day week in the UK. Meanwhile in the US two important cases dominate the news with Roe v. Wade making abortion a US constitutional right on the 22nd January and the start of the Watergate hearings in the US Senate, and due to price increase of gas the Japanese car manufacturers with smaller engines and more efficient have an impact of the US car industry The United States ends its involvement in the Vietnam War59 after the signing of the Paris Peace Accords during January. The agreement was signed between North Vietnam, South Vietnam, Viet Cong, and the United States. The formal name of the agreement was “An Agreement Ending the War and Restoring Peace in Vietnam” and it detailed an all-around ceasefire in Vietnam and the withdrawal of all US forces and removal of US bases to be completed within 60 days. It also mandated that North Vietnam release all prisoners of war and outlined 59http://www.thepeoplehistory.com/1973.html WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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the details and terms for an eventual peaceful reunification of Vietnam. A half-century ago, the space race was heating up and the Cold War was freezing over. Soviet missile bases discovered in Cuba triggered a crisis that brought the U.S. to the brink of war with the U.S.S.R60. Civil rights activists won hard-earned victories against segregationists in the American South, and John Glenn became the first American to orbit the Earth. Algeria gained independence from France and the U.S. slowly escalated its involvement in Vietnam. Meanwhile, Seattle held a World's Fair called the the Century 21 Exposition, celebrating the themes of space, science, and the future. Let me take you 50 years into the past now, for a look at the world as it was in 1962.What was going on in the 1950? The Korean War begins when North Korea invaded South Korea in June. The country had previously been divided after the end of World War II with the North becoming Communist and the South remaining Capitalist. 9 October, 2004 Afghanistan61 holds its first ever presidential election 60https://www.theatlantic.com/photo/2012/05/50-years-ago-the-world-in-1962/100296/ 61http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/4091599.stm WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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Hamid Karzai the man who had been leading Afghanistan since the fall of the Taleban won Afghanistan's first presidential election. Analysts say Mr Karzai will try to use his new mandate to unite a country still riven by ethnic religious regional and tribal rivalries Acting on warnings that the nation needs to get fitter to curb NHS costs ministers announced a range of proposals to improve public health.

16 November, 2004 The UK government unveils plans to ban smoking in most enclosed public areas. The government's White Paper on Public Health aims to tackle smoking obesity drinking and sexual and mental health. A key recommendation is a ban on smoking in restaurants cafes offices and pubs which serve food. Some folk characterized John Sidney McCain III as a Old, Patriot62, Bush/Bush-like, Experienced, Honest, War hero63 John McCain was a maverick of U.S. politics Maverick. 62https://www.usnews.com/opinion/articles/2008/09/30/5-words-that-best-describe-john-mccain 63https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/us-politics/article-war-hero-john-mccain-was-a-maverick-of-us-politics/ WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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When asked by Patricia Smith64 of the Boston Globe how she felt about being called the “Queen of Soul,” Aretha Franklin’s reply was characterized by grace but no false modesty. “It’s an acknowledgment of my art,” she mused. “It means I am excelling at my art and my first love. And I am most appreciative.” Since she burst onto the public consciousness in the late 1960s with a batch of milestone recordings, Franklin has served as a standard against which all subsequent soul divas have been measured.

The Irish Examiner65 newspaper has characterized Jamaica’s sprint champion, Usain Bolt, as “the face of the Rio Olympics,” noting that he is arguably the most famous athlete in the world and has shown himself throughout his life – even to childhood friends and teachers – as a dedicated sportsman and as a winner. 64https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/literature-and-arts/music-popular-and-jazz-biographies/aretha-franklin 65https://jamaicans.com/usain-bolt-face-rio-olympics/ WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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Through his 27 years in prison, much of it spent in a cell on Robben Island, Mandela66 became the most widely known figure in the struggle against apartheid. All in all I think Mandela is one of the great moral and political leaders of our time. He is an international hero and is revered everywhere as a vital force in the fight for human rights and racial equality.  Among opponents of apartheid in South Africa and internally, he became a cultural icon of freedom and equality comparable with Mahatma Gandhi. Nelson, The main image that persists in the public mind about Nelson67 Mandela is that of the generous old man who, after twenty-seven years in prison, emerges to forgive his tormentors for the love of his people and the nation, he was able to lead a nation nearly liberated from the prejudices of the past, he raised the consciousness of his followers by appealing to their higher ideals and values, whilst in prison he helped many to learn how to survive behind bars, by encouraging them to educate 66http://jcc-good-leadership.tripod.com/id8.html 67http://jcc-good-leadership.tripod.com/id8.html WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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themselves. (Mandela, 1965). Gandhi68 was a leader who inspired and still continues to inspire, people of all nation with his ethical and ideological legacy. Martin Luther King, Nelson Mandela and many other leaders follow his example. Frail, bespectacled figure with simple clothes and the ready smile led India to march on the path of glory on the basis of sheer principles and ethics which he preached and practiced. As he always said “Be the change you want to see in the world.”

The King Philosophy Daily check69 and affirm your faith in the philosophy and methods of nonviolence. Eliminate hidden motives and prepare yourself to accept suffering, if necessary, in your work for justice. Martin Luther King70, Jr.'s birthday was first observed as a national holiday in 1986. However, his life had become a fixed part of American mythology for years prior to this. Indeed, to many African

68https://www.ukessays.com/essays/ 69http://www.thekingcenter.org/king-philosophy 70http://www.sparknotes.com/biography/mlk/summary/ WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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Americans whose rights he helped expand, to many other minorities whose lives his victories touched, and to many whites who welcomed the changes his leadership brought, King's life seemed mythological even as he lived it. He is celebrated as a hero not only for the concrete legislation he enabled, but for his articulation of dreams and hopes shared by many during an era of upheaval and change.

In appearance Mother Teresa71 was both tiny and energetic. Her face was quite wrinkled, but her dark eyes commanded attention, radiating an energy and intelligence that shone without expressing nervousness or impatience. Conservatives within the Catholic Church sometimes used her as a symbol of traditional religious values that they felt were lacking in their churches. By most accounts she was a saint for the times, and several almost adoring books and articles started to canonize (declare a saint) her in the 1980s and well into the 1990s. She herself tried to deflect all attention away from what she did to either the works of her group or to the God who was her inspiration. 71https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/philosophy-and-religion/roman-catholic-and-orthodox-churches-general-biographies/mother-teresa WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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The love for the poor that created the phenomenon of Mother Teresa in the

first place. The final part of her story will be the lasting impact her memory has on the next generations of missionaries, as well as on the world as a whole.

The Nazi Olympics of Berlin72 in 1936. 1 August 1936. The Games of the XI Olympiad, opened in Berlin on 1 August 1936, was an extravaganza, with the Chancellor of Germany, Adolf Hitler, sparing no expense to produce the biggest and best Olympic Games in history. Of note John Sidney McCain III73 was August 29, 1936Â and died August 25, 2018.

In the Pacific, the Japanese continued their expansion into Borneo74, Java and Sumatra. The 'unassailable' British fortress of Singapore fell rapidly in February, with

72https://www.historychannel.com.au/this-day-in-history/nazi-olympics-berlin-1936/ 73https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_McCain 74http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/ww2_summary_01.shtml#five WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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around 25,000 prisoners taken, many of whom would die in Japanese camps in the years to follow. Aretha Louise Franklin75 (March 25, 1942 – August 16, 2018)

The very first “Goodwill Games76” were held in Moscow in July of 1986. Created by media mogul Ted Turner, the games were a multi-sport competition similar to the Olympics. There were a total of 3,000 athletes from 79 different countries who participated in the 182 events. At the end of the first games the Soviet Union had won the most medals with a total of 241 and the United States had the second most with 142. The Goodwill Games continued every 4 years until 2001 when they were ended. Usain Bolt77,born August 21, 1986.

The famous “inverted Jenny78” stamps - misprinted upside-down biplane - are printed. A hundred are known to be in existence; in 2016, one sold for $1,175,000. 75https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin 76http://www.thepeoplehistory.com/1986.html 77https://www.biography.com/people/usain-bolt-20702091 78https://www.cleveland.com/entertainment/index.ssf/2018/01/1918_famous_firsts_events_inve.html WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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Margaret Owen sets a typing speed record of 170 wpm for one minute. (Owen already had won several hour-long typing contests.) and Nelson Mandela79 was born July 18, 1918 and died December 5, 2013.

The Wall Street Crash of 1929, also known as the Stock Market Crash80 of 1929 or the Great Crash, is the stock market crash that occurred in late October, 1929. It started on October 24 ("Black Thursday") and continued through October 29, 1929 ("Black Tuesday"), when share prices on the New York Stock Exchange collapsed. Martin Luther King81 was January 15, 1929 and died April 4, 1968

1910. Jack Johnson beats Tommy Burns82, Jack Johnson became the first black boxer to win the Heavyweight Boxing Championship was when he knocked out the 79https://www.biography.com/people/nelson-mandela-9397017 80https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street_Crash_of_1929 81https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr. 82www.thepeoplehistory.com/1910to1919.html WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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reigning champion Tommy Burns on December 26th, 1910; While Mother Teresa83 was born 26 August 1910 and died 5 September 1997.

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CHAPTER 2 John Sidney McCain III (August 29, 1936 – August 25, 2018)

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Some folk characterized John Sidney McCain III as a Old, Patriot84, Bush/Bushlike, Experienced, Honest, War hero85 John McCain was a maverick of U.S. politics Maverick.

In this scene the mood of world seems to be punctuated by several historical landmark events namely The Nazi Olympics of Berlin86 in 1936. 1 August 1936. The Games of the XI Olympiad, opened in Berlin on 1 August 1936, was an extravaganza, with the Chancellor of Germany, Adolf Hitler, sparing no expense to produce the biggest and best Olympic Games in history. Of note John Sidney McCain III87 was August 29, 1936 and died August 25, 2018.

84https://www.usnews.com/opinion/articles/2008/09/30/5-words-that-best-describe-john-mccain 85https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/us-politics/article-war-hero-john-mccain-was-a-maverick-of-us-politics/ 86https://www.historychannel.com.au/this-day-in-history/nazi-olympics-berlin-1936/ 87https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_McCain WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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When McCain arrived in Vietnam88, 385,000 Americans served in Southeast Asia. His squad took part in Operation Rolling Thunder, a brutal bombing campaign that President Lyndon Johnson had started in March 1965. By January 1967, McCain had risen to lieutenant commander. But in July, while preparing for a bombing run, a nearby jet accidentally fired a missile and hit McCain’s fuel tank. The blast triggered a series of explosions, shot shrapnel into his chest and legs, and killed 134 sailors and aviators.

Recovering at home in Florida, McCain89 wondered what to do, telling his classmate Chuck Larson, “I want to be a serious officer, and I’m having problems getting people to take me seriously.” Said Larson, “You’re going back into combat, and you will prove yourself.” McCain joined the Saints, an attack squadron aboard the carrier U.S.S. Oriskany. He made regular runs strapped into his A-4 Skyhawk and, on 88 http://time.com/5377698/john-mccain-prisoner-of-war-vietnam/ 89 http://time.com/5377698/john-mccain-prisoner-of-war-vietnam/ WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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October 25, took out three MiGs on Hanoi’s Phuc Yen airfield. The following day, as McCain left the ready room, strike- operation officer Lew Chatham told him, “You’d better be careful. We’re probably going to lose someone on this one.” The cocky pilot called back, “You don’t have to worry about me, Lew.” McCain’s90 A-4 And 19 other jets streaked toward Hanoi to destroy a power plant, and the pilots spied the eruption of dust and smoke when surface-to-air missiles (SAMs) took off toward them like “a flying telephone pole moving at great speed.” Black clouds of antiaircraft flak exploded in the air. As McCain neared the power plant, a missile locked on his jet, and his missile-warning gauge emitted a shrill warning. “So, at about 3,500 feet,” he later recalled, “I released my bombs, then pulled back the stick to begin a steep climb to a safer altitude. In the instant before my plane reacted, a SAM blew my right wing off. I was killed.”

Spiraling down at 550 miles an hour, McCain91 radioed, “I’m hit.” As he 90 http://time.com/5377698/john-mccain-prisoner-of-war-vietnam/ 91 http://time.com/5377698/john-mccain-prisoner-of-war-vietnam/ WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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ejected from the plane, his right knee slammed into something and broke, and the force of shooting from the craft and hitting the air snapped his arms. McCain’s chute opened, and he tumbled, unconscious, toward the earth. He landed in Truc Bach Lake in the center of Hanoi and, weighed down with 50 pounds of gear, quickly sank. Jarred awake, he used his good leg to kick up to the surface but couldn’t understand why his arms would not respond. McCain went down again and, with his teeth, pulled the toggle and inflated his vest. Twenty angry North Vietnamese yanked him ashore, stripped him to his underwear, kicked him and spat on him. Someone smashed his shoulder with a rifle butt, and a bayonet was jabbed into his groin and ankle. Soldiers then heaved his body onto a truck. They brought him to Hoa Lò prison in central Hanoi92 — Hoa Lò translates as “fiery furnace” — and McCain was about to learn of the deadly reputation of the yellow stone, concrete-walled prison complex that Americans nicknamed the Hanoi Hilton. At the Hilton, soldiers dumped McCain’s stretcher on the floor. 92 http://time.com/5377698/john-mccain-prisoner-of-war-vietnam/ WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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“No American reached Hoa Lò in worse physical condition than McCain,” observed John G. Hubbell in his book P.O.W.: A Definitive History of the American Prisoner-of-War Experience in Vietnam, 1964–1973. Guards gave him minimal food and water. After being bandaged, McCain learned he wouldn’t get medical care unless he talked. For days, the 31-year-old pilot drifted in and out of consciousness. When questioned, he just told his captors his name, rank and serial number. In return, jailers beat him. As blood pooled in McCain’s knee, he begged for care. A medic took his pulse and, shaking his head, said, “It’s too late, it’s too late.” McCain lapsed into unconsciousness, but soon an excited officer rushed in and yelled, “Your father is a big admiral. Now we take you to the hospital.” For the North Vietnamese, Lt. Cmdr. John Sidney McCain III was a royal catch. They called him the Crown Prince, and Radio Hanoi boasted of the capture of “air pirate McCain, son of Admiral McCain.” The aviator was transferred to a medical facility, waking up a few days later “in a filthy room . . . lousy with mosquitoes

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and rats.” Rain washed in mud. Medics gave him transfusions and blood but, as McCain recalled, “no treatment for my injuries. No one had even bothered to wash the grime off me.” Two weeks later, a doctor tried to set McCain’s right arm and its three breaks. The man didn’t use anesthesia, and after 90 minutes he gave up and slapped on a neck-to-waist cast. An officer whom McCain remembered as “short and fat, with a strangely wandering right eye that was clouded white by a cataract” then told him that a French correspondent wanted to interview him. When asked about the prison food, McCain told the journalist, “Well, it’s OK, but it’s not Paris.” Guards returned McCain to a roach-filled room, and interrogators beat him. They did operate on his knee, but they simply cut out the ligaments and cartilage and refused to give him more surgery because of his “bad attitude.” By the time the jailers left him in a prison cell, McCain’s cheeks had sunk, his legs had atrophied, his body had shriveled, and his hair had turned white. “I’ve seen some dead that looked at least as good as John,” said Maj. George “Bud” Day of his

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and Maj. Norris Overly’s new cellmate. “I didn’t think he was going to live out the day.”

After nearly a year of imprisonment in Hanoi, McCain 93 was offered release. But he refused to leave his fellow prisoners behind. McCain's subsequent torture and false confession, which provoked him to attempt suicide twice, earned him special respect in the eyes of many Americans. And McCain's survival through years of nearly fatal torture and hardship in the Hanoi prison known as the "Hanoi Hilton" was made more impressive by his refusal to be repatriated before the release of all the American POWs captured before him.

In attempting to theorized the scene where McCain is a hostage I

see

postcolonial cultural diversity, identity, hybridity, identity and space

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President Donald Trump, whom McCain criticized extensively, has repeatedly disparaged McCain's military service, suggesting at a rally in July 2015 that the senator didn't deserve the title of war hero.

"He was a war hero because he was captured," said Trump, then a Republican presidential candidate. "I like people who weren't captured." But McCain's military service and suffering have made him as something of an anomaly in American political history, and a hero in the eyes of many. McCain was offered an early release — but he refused it A graduate of the US Naval Academy, McCain followed his father and grandfather, both four-star admirals, into the Navy, where he served as a bomber pilot in the Vietnam War.

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On October 26, 1967, when McCain was a US Navy lieutenant commander,

his Skyhawk dive bomber was shot down over Hanoi. Shattering his leg and both arms during his ejection from the fighter plane, McCain was captured by the North Vietnamese and spent 5 1/2 years as a prisoner of war. Less than a year into McCain's imprisonment, his father was named commander of US forces in the Pacific, and the North Vietnamese saw an opportunity for leverage by offering the younger McCain's release — what would have been both a propaganda victory and a way to demoralize other American POWs. But McCain refused, sticking to the POW code of conduct that says troops must accept release in the order in which they are captured. "I knew that every prisoner the Vietnamese tried to break, those who had arrived before me and those who would come after me, would be taunted with the story of how an admiral's son had gone home early, a lucky beneficiary of America's class-conscious society," McCain later recalled.

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The North Vietnamese reacted with fury and escalated McCain's torture. 'Every man has his breaking point. I had reached mine.' McCain soon reached what he would later describe as his lowest point in Vietnam, and after surviving intense beatings and two suicide attempts; he signed a "confession" to war crimes written by his captors. "I had learned what we all learned over there: Every man has his breaking point. I had reached mine," McCain wrote in a first-person account published in US News & World Report in May 1973. For the next two weeks, McCain was allowed to recover from his debilitating injuries — a period he later described as the worst in his life. "I was ashamed," he wrote in his 1999 memoir, "Faith of My Fathers." "I shook, as if my disgrace were a fever."

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For the next several years, the high-profile POW was subjected to prolonged

brutal treatment and spent two years in solitary confinement in a windowless 10by-10-foot cell. McCain's courage bolstered his political bona fides

McCain is escorted by Lt. Cmdr. Jay Coupe Jr. to the Hanoi airport after being released from captivity in 1973. Horst Faas/AP In March 1973, two months after the signing of the Paris Peace Accords, McCain and his fellow prisoners were released in the order in which they were captured. An emaciated 36-year-old with a head of white hair, McCain returned home to continue his service in the Navy.

McCain 94 retired from the Navy in 1981, moved to Arizona, and began his political career in the Republican Party, serving two terms in the House of Representatives. In 1986, he won a landslide election to the Senate, where he 94 https://www.businessinsider.com/john-mccain-refused-early-release-as-a-pow-in-vietnam-2018-8 WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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served for 30 years, during which time he launched two unsuccessful presidential bids. McCain's courage during his brutal captivity bolstered his political bona fides. As David Foster Wallace wrote in a profile of McCain in 2000, when he was a presidential candidate, the former Navy captain commanded the kind of moral authority and authentic patriotism that eludes the average politician. "Try to imagine that moment between getting offered early release and turning it down," Wallace wrote of McCain's decision to remain in Vietnamese captivity. "Try to imagine it was you. Imagine how loudly you’re most basic, primal self-interest would have cried out to you in that moment, and all the ways you could rationalize accepting the offer. Can you hear it? If so, would you have refused to go?" McCain, a military hawk, forever remained a staunch supporter of the Vietnam War, during which 58,000 Americans and nearly 3 million Vietnamese were killed. But he worked closely with John Kerry, a Democrat and fellow

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Vietnam veteran who advocated against the war, to normalize relations between the US and Vietnam in the 1990s, bringing the devastating conflict to a close.95

A detailed

analysis of McCain’s actions can be characterized as his lived

experienced in my view . In this context MCcain’s actions can be interpreted that he answered the question what’s that in your hand? because After nearly a year of imprisonment in Hanoi, McCain 96 was offered release. But he refused to leave his fellow prisoners behind. In this scene it is reported that McCain's subsequent torture and false confession, which provoked him to attempt suicide twice, earned him special respect in the eyes of many Americans. And McCain's survival through years of nearly fatal torture and hardship in the Hanoi prison known as the "Hanoi

95 https://www.businessinsider.com/john-mccain-refused-early-release-as-a-pow-in-vietnam-2018-8 96 https://www.businessinsider.com/john-mccain-refused-early-release-as-a-pow-in-vietnam-2018-8 WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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Hilton" was made more impressive by his refusal to be repatriated before the release of all the American POWs captured before him. Overall, in this excerpt of McCain’s journey he enunciated his testimony in this scene because he answered the question What’s That In Your Hand because of his actions the refusal to be repatriated before the release of all the American POWs captured before him. This can be categorized as What’s That In Your Hand McCain defining moment.

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CHAPTER 3 Aretha Louise Franklin In scene two we observed that world is punctuated with global historical landmarks namely In 1942 location the Pacific, the Japanese continued their

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expansion into Borneo97, Java and Sumatra. The 'unassailable' British fortress of

Singapore fell rapidly in February, with around 25,000 prisoners taken, many of whom would die in Japanese camps in the years to follow. 1942 to be exact is the year Aretha Louise Franklin98 was born March 25, 1942 and departed this earth – August 16, 2018. Let us verbalize some critical aspects of Aretha Louise Franklin 99journey by examining and analyzing What’s That In Her Hand. It is reported that Aretha Louise Franklin100 was born March 25, 1942 to Barbara (née Siggers) and Clarence LaVaughn "C. L." Franklin. She was delivered at her family's home located at 406 Lucy Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee. Her father was a Baptist minister and circuit preacher originally from Shelby, Mississippi. Her mother was an accomplished piano player and vocalist. 101

97http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/ww2_summary_01.shtml#five 98https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin 99 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin 100 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin 101 Bego 2010, p. 11. WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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Both Mr. and Mrs. Franklin had children from prior relationships in

addition to the four children they had together. When Aretha was two, the family relocated to Buffalo, New York. By the time Aretha turned five, C. L. Franklin had permanently relocated the family to Detroit, where he took over the pastorship of the New Bethel Baptist Church.102 The Franklins had a troubled marriage due to Mr. Franklin's infidelities, and they separated in 1948103 . At that time, Barbara Franklin returned to Buffalo with Aretha's half brother, Vaughn. 104 After the separation, Aretha recalled seeing her mother in Buffalo during the summer, and Barbara Franklin frequently visited her children in Detroit 105.

102 Ritz 2014, p. 28 103 Ritz 2014, pp. 23–24. 104 Aretha Franklin". Vanity Fair. 57: 60. 1994. 105 McAvoy 2002, pp. 19–20. WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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Aretha's mother died of a heart attack on March 7, 1952, before Aretha's

tenth birthday.106 Several women, including Aretha's grandmother, Rachel, and Mahalia Jackson took turns helping with the children at the Franklin home.107 During this time, Aretha learned how to play piano by ear. 108 She also attended public school in Detroit, going through her freshman year at Northern High School, but dropping out during her sophomore year. 109 Aretha's father's emotionally driven sermons resulted in his being known as the man with the "million-dollar voice". He earned thousands of dollars for sermons in various churches across the country. 110 His celebrity status led to his home being visited by various celebrities. Among the visitors were gospel musicians Clara Ward, James Cleveland, and early

106 Ritz 2014, p. 24. 107 McAvoy 2002, p. 22. 108 McAvoy 2002, pp. 20–21. 109 Dobkin 2006, p. 48. 110 Feiler 2009, p. 248. WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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Caravans members Albertina Walker and Inez Andrews. Martin Luther King Jr., Jackie Wilson and Sam Cooke all became friends of C. L. Franklin, as well111. 112 Singer Clara Ward was romantically involved with Aretha's father, though "she preferred to view them strictly as friends 113."Ward also served as a role model to the young Aretha. 114

115 Just

after her mother's death, Franklin began

singing solos at New Bethel, debuting with the hymn, "Jesus, Be a Fence Around Me�.116117 When Franklin was 12, her father began managing her; he would bring her on the road with him during his so-called "gospel caravan" tours for her to perform in various churches.118 He also helped Franklin sign her first recording

111 Reich, Howard (December 19, 2012). "Inez Andrews: A towering gospel artist". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved March 20, 2014.; Hevesi, Dennis (December 21, 2012). "Inez Andrews, Gospel Singer, Dies at 83". The New York Times. Retrieved March 20, 2014.

112 Bracks 2012, p. 365. 113https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin#CITEREFRitz2014 114https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin#CITEREFRitz2014 115Graham, Adam (June 22, 2018). "Aretha Franklin: Lifelong commitment to Detroit". The Detroit news. 116https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin#CITEREFMcAvoy2002 117Hoekstra, Dave (May 12, 2011). "Aretha Franklin's roots of soul". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on June 22, 2012. Retrieved April 18, 2012 118Ritz 2014, p. 47. WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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deal with J.V.B. Records. Recording equipment was installed inside New Bethel Baptist Church and nine tracks were recorded. Franklin was featured on vocals and piano. 119 In 1956, J-V-B released Franklin's first single, "Never Grow Old", backed with "You Grow Closer". "Precious Lord (Part One)" backed with "Precious Lord (Part Two)" followed in 1959. These four tracks, with the addition of "There Is a Fountain Filled with Blood", were released on side one of the 1956 album, Spirituals. This was reissued by Battle Records in 1962 under the same title120 .In 1965, Checker Records released Songs of Faith, featuring the five tracks from the 1956 Spirituals album, with the addition of four previously unreleased recordings. During this time, Franklin would occasionally travel with The Soul Stirrers. 121 According to music producer Quincy Jones, while Franklin was still

119"Pickwick Group Ltd – Aretha Franklin – Songs Of Faith". www.pickwickgroup.com. Retrieved August 22, 2018. 120"J.V.B./Battle Album Discography". www.bsnpubs.com. Retrieved August 22, 2018. 121Warner, Jennifer (2014). Respect: The Life and Times of Aretha Franklin. BookCaps Study Guides. pp. 8–9. ISBN 978-1-62917-386-3 WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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young, Dinah Washington let him know, "Aretha was the 'next one'".122 In 1958, Franklin and her father traveled to California, where she met singer Sam Cooke.123 At the age of 16, Franklin went on tour with Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., and she would ultimately sing at his funeral in 1968. 124 As a young gospel singer, Franklin spent summers on the gospel circuit in Chicago and stayed with Mavis Staples' family.125After turning 18, Franklin confided to her father that she aspired to follow Sam Cooke in recording pop music, and moved to New York126 . Serving as her manager, C. L. Franklin agreed to the move and helped to produce a two-song demo that soon was brought to the attention of Columbia Records, who agreed to sign her in 1960. Franklin was

122Leight, Elias (August 16, 2018), "Quincy Jones on Aretha Franklin: 'You Will Reign as the Queen Forever'", Rolling Stone, retrieved August 19, 2018 123https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin#CITEREFRitz2014 124Douglas Wolk; David Browne (August 16, 2018). "Aretha Franklin, Queen of Soul, Dead at 76". Rolling Stone. Retrieved August 16, 2018. “At 16, she went on tour with Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., and later sang at his funeral.”

125Aretha Franklin: Remembering Her Many Ties To Chicago; She Became 'Queen Of Soul' Here". CBS Chicago. August 16, 2018. Retrieved August 17, 2018. 126Bracks 2012, p. 365. WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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signed as a "five-percent artist".127 During this period, Franklin would be coached by choreographer Cholly Atkins to prepare for her pop performances. Before signing with Columbia, Sam Cooke tried to persuade Franklin's father to sign her with his label, RCA, but his request was denied. Record label owner Berry Gordy was also looking to sign Franklin and her elder sister Erma to his Tamla label. However, C.L. Franklin felt the label was not yet established enough, and he turned Gordy down. Franklin's first Columbia single, "Today I Sing the Blues",128was issued in September 1960 and later reached the top ten of the Hot Rhythm & Blues Sellers chart. 129Civil rights The aforesaid information sets the platform at this juncture for me to apply the tenets of what’s that in Aretha Franklin's’s hand metaphorical.

127https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin#CITEREFEbony1964 128Gilliland, John (1969). "Show 52 – The Soul Reformation: Phase three, soul music at the summit. [Part 8] : UNT Digital Library" (audio). Pop Chronicles. University of North Texas Libraries.

129Aretha Franklin – chart history". Billboard. Archived from the original on September 18, 2016. WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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It is reported it is evident that from her time growing up in the home of

a prominent African American preacher to the end of her life, Franklin was immersed and involved in the struggle for civil rights and women's rights. She provided money for civil rights groups, at times covering payroll, and performed at benefits and protests. 130When Angela Davis was jailed in 1970, Franklin told Jet, "Angela Davis must go free, ... Black people will be free. I've been locked up (for disturbing the peace in Detroit) and I know you got to disturb the peace when you can't get no peace. Jail is hell to be in. I'm going to see her free if there is any justice in our courts, not because I believe in communism, but because she's a Black woman and she wants freedom for Black people.131 "Her songs "Respect" and "Natural Woman" became anthems of these movements for social change. 132133

130Lang, Cady (August 16, 2018). "Aretha Franklin Had a Huge Impact on the Civil Rights Movement". Time. Retrieved August 21, 2018. 131http://time.com/5369587/aretha-franklin-civil-rights/ 132Sandra E. Garcia (August 17, 2018). "Aretha Franklin, Civil Rights Stalwart: 'In Her Voice, We Could Feel Our History'". New York Times. Retrieved August 21, 2018. 133Weaver, Hilary (August 16, 2018). "Aretha Franklin's History with Civil Rights, from Martin Luther King Jr. to Barack Obama". Vanity Fair. Retrieved August 21, 2018. WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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Franklin was also a strong supporter for Native American rights. 134She

quietly and without fanfare supported Indigenous Peoples' struggles worldwide, and numerous movements that supported Native American and First Nation cultural rights. 135

Franklin 136 was lauded with an armful of plaques and

certificates. Then came a visit from a King. Martin Luther King Jr. surprised the crowd of 12,000 by coming onstage to present Franklin with a special award from the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. King had laryngitis, so he didn’t speak to the crowd. But it hardly mattered. King’s presentation to Franklin was not only a gesture of mutual admiration, but a strong declaration that the singer was playing a significant role in the shaping of the black identity through her music and her work in the movement. It would be the last time the Queen would see King alive.

134Vincent Schilling (August 18, 2018). "Suzan Shown Harjo: Remembering a moment in time with the late Aretha Franklin". Indian Country Today. Retrieved August 20, 2018. 135Vincent Schilling (August 18, 2018). "Suzan Shown Harjo: Remembering a moment in time with the late Aretha Franklin". Indian Country Today. Retrieved August 20, 2018. 136https://www.ajc.com/news/aretha-franklin-used-her-voice-deliver-music-for-social-justice/5yr4uEf2f4jYhAbPOtHBLN/ WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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Two months later, she repaid the favor of his visit by singing “Precious

Lord” at a memorial service for him.“She took great pride in black people. She was our soul sister,” said longtime friend, journalist and neighbor Greg Dunmore. “She would wear the African clothing and her hair in an afro (as she did at concerts and for a Jet magazine photo shoot in 1972). One of her signature songs, “Respect,” became an anthem for the civil rights movement. It symbolized her passion and understanding of activism,” Dunmore said. Through her upbringing in the church and her music, Franklin, who died Thursday, Aug. 16 at the age of 76, emerged in the 1960s as a symbol of black America, reflecting an extreme sense of confidence and pride. And with that came a voluntary role in the civil rights movement led by King. Ernie Suggs and Shelia M. Poole reported that Aretha Franklin137 used her voice to ‘deliver music for social justice’ Queen of Soul’s influence on the civil rights 137https://www.ajc.com/ WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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movement was massive and needed “She used her voice to deliver music for social justice,” said the Rev. Jesse Jackson. “She was a fighter who used her art as a platform. “Throughout the 1960s, when King and others were on the front lines, celebrities such as Franklin, Sidney Poitier, Nancy Wilson, Harry Belafonte, Mahalia Jackson and Sammy Davis Jr. were often in the background writing checks and raising money. Ernie Suggs and Shelia M. Poole reported that “We recognized when we had those brief moments of terror, we called in celebrities and always got a good response,” said Xernona Clayton, a close associate of the King family, whose unofficial job in the movement was logistics and celebrity wrangling. “Interestingly, some stars said they were sick even before we gave them the date. But Aretha always answered the call. Her response was always right on time. She was always available,” Clayton said. In the book “Burial for a King: Martin Luther King Jr.'s Funeral and the Week that Transformed Atlanta and Rocked the Nation,” Rebecca Burns wrote: “In 1967, according to ‘Jet,’ Belafonte, Sidney Poitier, Aretha Franklin and Joan

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Baez raised more than $250,000 for King and the SCLC with a seven-city concert series 138.” “She along with Harry Belafonte were probably the most consistent and helpful people from show business,” Young said. “They knew that we needed their help.” In August 1967, Xernona Clayton had a problem. The SCLC was set to hold its 10th anniversary convention at the sparkling new Atlanta Hyatt Regency, and Franklin was booked as the headline entertainment. “She was kind of depressed at the time, but Martin said come on down and sing until you feel better,” Young said. But it was more than that. Franklin139 had been banned from the hotel just a week earlier after she and her ex-husband Ted White got into a brawl. “She was small at the time, so I had to pad her and slip her into the hotel,” Clayton said. “I camouflaged her. When you are committed to the cause of

138https://www.ajc.com/ 139https://www.ajc.com/

By Ernie Suggs Shelia M. Poole

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freedom, you go where the need is. She knew that her presence would make a difference. In her heart, she said, ‘I gotta be there.’” Young said Franklin sang for two hours. So long that, “Sidney Poitier, the main speaker, didn’t get up until a quarter to midnight. But nobody cared because she sounded so good.” Civil rights veteran Bernard LaFayette said Franklin’s contribution to the movement cannot be overstated. “She brought the message through music,” said LaFayette, chairman of the board of the SCLC and head of the Emory University Center for Advancing Nonviolence 140. “The unique thing about that period is that music was intergenerational. She appealed to younger and older people. The music played a very important role in unifying people and building the kind of coalition that was needed,” LaFayette said. He remembers attending a Franklin concert. “People would come regardless of religion or ethnicity or race,” he said. “Her concerts broke barriers 140https://www.ajc.com/ WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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because music is the language of the soul. She was very clear and unequivocal in her support of the movement for social change.” In 1970, when political activist Angela Davis was arrested and charged with murder after guns used in a botched attempt to free an imprisoned black revolutionary were alleged to be hers, Franklin defiantly vowed to post bail. “I’m going to see her free if there is any justice in our courts, not because I believe in communism, but because she’s a black woman and she wants freedom for black people. I have the money; I got it from black people — they’ve made me financially able to have it — and I want to use it in ways that will help our people.” “As soon as the campaign for bail was created, Aretha came forward and said if bail was set she would pay whatever amount was needed, whether $100,000 or $200,000 — which was a lot of money at the time,” Davis told The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Ernie Suggs and Shelia M. Poole asserted that Although Davis141 wasn’t eligible for bail at the time, Davis said she never forgot it. “I thanked her publicly 141https://www.ajc.com/ WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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for it many times, but can’t remember if we actually spoke to each other,” said Davis, who was later acquitted. “Aretha's music speaks for itself — “Respect,” “Natural Woman” — all of these are anthems for the movement. She did not have to do anything besides her music to raise people’s consciousness. That is her most important contribution.” R-E-S-P-E-C-T 142 Young said the only thing that really slowed Franklin down was her legendary fear of flying. “But it was sort of like with these celebrity friends, they respond when you call, and you respond when they can.” In later years, she was invited twice to perform at birthday celebrations for the Rev. Joseph Lowery that raised funds for the Lowery Institute. One celebration was held at Morehouse College, and Franklin143 performed several gospel songs with the Morehouse and Spelman College glee clubs.

142https://www.ajc.com/ 143https://www.ajc.com/ WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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In one YouTube video, the civil rights leader can be heard asking Franklin

to sing “Respect.“She would come and help attract crowds and raise funds for the movement, and she was very good at that,” said Lowery. “If we put the word out that she was going to be present, it became a very attractive word and it helped swell the crowd. She was a blessing.” She sang at the funeral of Rosa Parks.

Aretha Franklin144 sings during the funeral service for civil rights icon Rosa Parks at the Greater Grace Temple in Detroit on Nov. 2, 2005. Parks, whose refusal to give up her bus seat to a white man sparked the modern civil rights movement, died on Oct. 24, 2005, at the age of 92. (AP Photo/Carlos Osorio) (CARLOS OSORIO/AP) And in 2008, 40 years after singing over her friend Martin Luther King Jr., she sang at the inauguration of the country’s first black president, Barack Obama. 144https://www.ajc.com/ WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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“My performance? Oh boy, what an honor. It's all but overwhelming. I

think that most people — not just African-Americans — are looking and hoping for some kind of change in America, having to do with all of the critical issues that (Obama) and his administration are going to have to address, like foreclosure, the economy (and) crime,” Franklin told Time Magazine. “But I think they're going to be highly successful. You have such an intelligent, highlevel-IQ group of people. Whatever can be done is going to be done. I believe that.” And those who love Franklin can believe this: “She is one of those people that you won’t miss,” Young said. “Because she will always be with you.” Therefore when we asked the question What’s That In Your Hand metaphorically and symbolically speaking Aretha functioned like a conduit. Aretha Franklin145 used her voice to ‘deliver music for social justice’ Queen of Soul’s influence on the civil rights movement was massive and needed“She used her voice to deliver music for social justice,” said the Rev. Jesse Jackson. 145https://www.ajc.com/ WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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“She was a fighter who used her art as a platform.” Throughout the 1960s, when King and others were on the front lines, celebrities such as Franklin, Sidney Poitier, Nancy Wilson, Harry Belafonte, Mahalia Jackson and Sammy Davis Jr. were often in the background writing checks and raising money.

As I put this in context in this scene according Ernie Suggs and Shelia M. Poole Aretha Franklin 146 used her voice to ‘deliver music for social justice’ Queen of Soul’s influence on the civil rights movement was massive and needed“She used her voice to deliver music for social justice,” said the Rev. Jesse Jackson. “She was a fighter who used her art as a platform.”Throughout the 1960s, when King and others were on the front lines, celebrities such as Franklin, Sidney Poitier, Nancy Wilson, Harry Belafonte, Mahalia Jackson and Sammy Davis Jr. were often in the background writing checks and raising money. This excerpt of Aretha Franklin’s journey was a defining moment history because Aretha enunciated her testimony by answering the pertinent question What s That In Your Hand. 146https://www.ajc.com/ WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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CHAPTER 4 Nelson Mandela The famous “inverted Jenny147” stamps - misprinted upside-down biplane - are printed. A hundred are known to be in existence; in 2016, one sold for $1,175,000.

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Margaret Owen sets a typing speed record of 170 wpm for one minute. (Owen already had won several hour-long typing contests.) and Nelson Mandela148 was born July 18, 1918 and died December 5, 2013. In scene three let us examine and verbalize Nelson Mandela was a man who was widely known throughout the world. This man is considered a hero of South Africa and is a man who is also considered to be a man who helped change the world for the better. Life was difficult in the city of Mvezo, Transkei and on July 18, 1918 a hero was born. Nelson Mandela’s original name was Rolihlahla Mandela and he was born into the Madiba clan. All of Mandela’s family before him had never gone to school or received a proper education.

Nelson Mandela was born in the city Mvezo, Transkei, in South Africa, on July 18, 1918. His parents names were Noqaphi Nosekeni and Mphakanyiswa Gadla Mandela. His full name is Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela. His father was a village chief. His father died when he was a little boy. 148https://www.biography.com/people/nelson-mandela-9397017 WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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At a young age his mother sent him to a Methodist school due to his family being of the Christian denomination. He was baptized as a Methodist and his teacher did the ritualistic custom, in most African churches, of being given an English name, which happened to be

This showed how early in life Mandela began to fight for people’s rights and it was incredible to learn that this little incident would not let him receive his degree which he worked so diligently for. Mandela returned home to his surrogate family in 1940 and found out that his guardian had arranged a marriage for him. This greatly upset Mandela because he wanted to live a free life on his own terms, so he left his family and headed for Johannesburg and arrived in the beginning of 1941. He received his first job as watchman for a mine but was fired soon after because someone had found out he was a runaway, and that was considered unforgivable at the time. He stayed with a family member for the time being and was introduced to an activist who

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gave him a job at a law firm. The man who ran the law firm was actually a Jewish Communist and the first white person Mandela had ever befriended. Mandela soon began to attend different seminars and talks from communists.He was arrested and imprisoned in 1962, and subsequently sentenced to life imprisonment for conspiring to overthrow the state following the Rivonia Trial. Mandela served 27 years in prison, split between Robben Island, Pollsmoor Prison, and Victor Verster Prison.

Nelson Mandela149 became a world leader and changed history forever. He had a lot of quotes. One that I thought was interesting was, “Education is one of the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.” (Brainyquote. Xplore, n.d. web. 07 Dec. 2013) He used his education to try and bring peace back to his country. He did this by becoming a leader. He became a leader by putting an end to Apartheid. This is racial segregation.

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Like any other citizen seeing their people being mistreated, “The injustice infuriated Mandela—and catapulted him into action” ( Winfrey, 2001). Nelson Mandela and other

actvists

"fought

long

and

hard

against

this

discrimination" (NelsonMandelas.com, 2012) . He had to endure the impossible to maintain the justice in his country. Mandela’s country was his main priority, he wanted to get rid of all racial discrimination. Mandela was part of the ANC. The African Nationwide Congress which was South Africa’s national liberation movement. But unlike other activists instead of enduring violence as a mean of unity he chose a different route. For this exact cause, Nelson Mandela was highly regarded and a figure for the South African people. Brian Walden had this to say “In the revolution led by Mandela to transform a model of racial division and oppression into an open democracy, he demonstrated that he didn't flinch from taking up arms, but his real qualities came to the fore after his time as an activist” (Brink, 1998). Mandela wasn’t the type to person to kill or hurt anyone, he believed strictly peaceful protest, he used wisdom and bravery to explain his problem.The moment the ANC was ostracised then

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Mandela searched to execute activity and to halt the injustice. "Over his 27 years in jail, Nelson Mandela became the symbol of an entire people's struggle against injustice"

After that he Nelson Mandela became a world leader and changed history forever. He had a lot of quotes. One that I thought was interesting was, “Education is one of the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.” (Brainyquote. Xplore, n.d. web. 07 Dec. 2013) He used his education to try and bring peace back to his country. He did this by becoming a leader. He became a leader by putting an end to Apartheid. This is racial segregation.

It must be noted that regardless of the every global citizen identity when or however ask the question is verbalize What’s that In Your Hand

Nelson Mandela was born in the city Mvezo, Transkei, in South Africa, on July 18, 1918. His parents names were Noqaphi Nosekeni and Mphakanyiswa Gadla

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Mandela. His full name is Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela. His father was a village chief. His father died when he was a little boy. After that he became a ward of Jongintaba at the Great Place in Mqhekezweni.

He went to school at Clarkebury Boarding Institute, Wesleyan College, University of Fort Hare, University of London, and University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. After that he started to become more of a leader. By becoming more of a leader he spoke out against Apartheid and how it was bad and that it needed to stop.

BEAUBIEN: Mandela150 was the steady hand; the calm, elder statesman who guided South Africa out of apartheid. He was a hero to millions of blacks, but he also won over whites. Despite his early affinity for socialism, Mandela stuck to a capitalist economic model and protected property rights. 150https://www.npr.org/2013/12/06/249199217/forgiveness-and-reconciliation-mandelas-legacy WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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He stepped down after one term as president, to allow a peaceful, democratic transition of power. In retirement, Mandela worked to negotiate peace deals in Central Africa. He built schools in rural parts of the country, and raised awareness about HIV around the world. This excerpt of Nelson Mandela 151sÂ

journey Forgiveness And

Reconciliation verbalized his Legacy because it was his defining moment in history. Mandela enunciated his testimony by answering the pertinent question What s That In Your Hand. He was just a conduit whereby this characteristic flowed.

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CHAPTER 5

Mother Teresa WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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Historically, the mood of world was influenced in 1910 because Jack Johnson

beats Tommy Burns152, Jack Johnson became the first black boxer to win the Heavyweight Boxing Championship was when he knocked out the reigning champion Tommy Burns on December 26th, 1910. Of note while Mother Teresa153 was born 26 August 1910 and died 5 September 1997. In scene four let us examine and verbalize that There was a woman like no other before her, her name was Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu154. She changed her name to Mother Teresa. Mother Teresa was dedicated to taking care of the poor and helping the needy and She devoted her life to taking care of the sick and anyone who needed love. Through her compassion and care, Mother Theresa had a great and lasting influence on the world around her. After she opened Missionaries of charitys,15 others

152www.thepeoplehistory.com/1910to1919.html 153 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mother_Teresa 154https://www.writework.com/essay/mother-teresa-changed-world WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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opened around the world. All that which is apparent in the book "Mother Teresa, A Complete Authorized Biography" by author, Kathryn Spink. Mother Teresa made a huge impact on the world we live in. In the 1950s, she began helping those with leprosy. The Indian government gave the Missionaries of Charity a 34-acre plot of land near the city of Asansol. Under Mother Teresa's guidance, a leper colony was established , called Shanti Nagar (Town of Peace).For her work among the people of India, the Indian government gave her the Padmashree ("Magnificent Lotus") Award in September of 1962. (Gale - Free Resources - Women\'s History Month - Biographies - Mother Teresa155.

The Thomson Corporation . 1 June 2003 . Mother Teresa was completely fearless because she had God on her side. The words she spoke are now inscribed on a poster hanging in a home for AIDS sufferers which she and her sisters opened at Christmas 1985, in the very heart of New York City. She called the home "Gift Of Love�. 155http://www.gale.com/free_resources/whm/bio/ motherteresa.htm.) WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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In 1948 Pope Pius XII gave Mother Teresa permission to be a totally

independent nun, so she became an Indian citizen. After studying about nursing, she founded the "Missionaries of Charity156." This was a group of nuns who go around and help the sick and dying. All the nuns that agreed to work in the "Missionaries of Charity" had to devote their lives to helping the poor and not to receive any money or material things. To the side is a picture of a letter that Mother Teresa sent to a nun that wanted to join the "Missionaries of Charity." Mother Teresa157 welcomed her into the group with praise.In "Mother Teresa : In My Own Words" by Mother Teresa herself. She writes about when her story started . At first, Mother Teresa was assigned to teach a small Geography class at St. Mary's High School in Calcutta. Mother Teresa noticed all the beggars, lepers, and homeless people on the streets of Calcutta. There lives were horrible, living on other peoples scraps and letting babies that they couldn't support die in trash bins. She decided to ask the archbishop if

156https://www.writework.com/essay/mother-teresa-changed-world 157< This Research from Encarta Windows and Macintosh 2002 Comcast corporation.> WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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she could stop her teaching and dedicate her life to helping the "less fortunate." When Mother Teresa received a written consent that it was okay, she began her work. People made a movie about Mother Teresa's life and everything she did with her fellow nuns. The movie did a very good job of showing how much Mother Teresa cared for the sick. The main part of the movie was when Mother Teresa and her nuns were starting a whole new center to the sick and dying. When the person that owned the building was telling the nuns and Mother Teresa about all the nice things they has in the building, the nuns almost simultaneously said, "I don't think we will be needing that." The nuns and Mother Teresa live in such low living conditions and don't seem to mind. Unlike most of us, she doesn't need material things to get along. All she needs is some running water and the necessary materials to help the sick. There are also some kinds of summer groups like Habitat for Humanity which was inspired by Mother Teresa herself. Unlike Habitat for Humanity these groups of kids go out and help the sick and dying just like Mother Teresa. The leader of these groups is a well known priest by the name of Johann Christoph. These kids love to do what

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Mother Teresa does best and make many dying people happy in there last days of life. The School that did this was the "Wake Forest University." Or as they prefer to be called the "City of Joy Scholars." The kids spent 18 long days in Calcutta as Mother Teresa's first help center. The kids remember the varied cultures and races that Mother Teresa and the nuns love so very much. No matter how sick they looked. The kids were forever changed mentally and emotionally after seeing and helping the helpless. The Missionaries of Charity and Mother Teresa were probably the most caring people on Earth. She spent her whole life teaching, helping and lending her hand out to those who needed it. Mother Teresa truly did disturb the universe in more ways than 1 or even 100, as you can see in the research paper and everyday life, the news, news papers and encyclopedias. She put all her faith in God and helped in every way possible and she died doing that and never gave up and that's what made her a great person everyone wanted to interview. She served as a great role model. She deserved all those awards that she received and I can't think of anyone else who deserved them more than her. She was truly an angel.

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Mother Teresa spent her whole life teaching, helping and lending her hand out to those who needed it. Mother Teresa This excerpt of Mother Teresa’s journey as spending her whole life teaching, helping and lending her hand out to those who needed it was Mother Teresa’s defining moment in history because Mother Teresa enunciated her testimony by answering the pertinent question What s That In Your Hand. She was just a conduit whereby the characteristic humanity flowed.

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CHAPTER 6

Usain Bolt Historically, The very first “Goodwill Games158” were held in Moscow in July of 1986. Created by media mogul Ted Turner, the games were a multi-sport competition

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similar to the Olympics. There were a total of 3,000 athletes from 79 different countries who participated in the 182 events. At the end of the first games the Soviet Union had won the most medals with a total of 241 and the United States had the second most with 142. The Goodwill Games continued every 4 years until 2001 when they were ended.

Of note Usain Bolt159 was born August 21, 1986. In this scene five let us examine and verbalize “We have a lot of youngsters coming through and they just need to believe they can do it and use what Bolt160 has done as initiative to achieve their dreams. As a country we can stay on the map. It will be a lot of work, but there are definitely more kids coming through.” Calabar, an all-boys’ secondary school just north of central Kingston, is one of Jamaican athletics’ traditional powerhouses. Its 27 Champs titles put the school behind

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only Kingston College in the overall standings, with Jamaica College forming the final cog in the habitual three-way battle for glory. But Bolt did not come from one of the capital’s big sporting establishments, instead opting to remain in the remote north of the country and emerge from William Knibb High School.

It is a route that Clarke says is becoming increasingly common.

As he prepares to race for the last ever time at the 2017 World Championships in London, Dan Quarrell and Ben Snowball explore how Usain Bolt161 has changed the face of athletics across his unparalleled career.After competing on Jamaican soil for the final time on Saturday night, the end is nigh for the nation’s hero. As he partied into the morning hours alongside the 30,000 spectators who had come to bid him farewell

161https://www.eurosport.co.uk/athletics/world-championships/2017/usain-bolt-the-secrets-of-the-man-who-changed-sport-forever_sto6268467/story.shtmlArticle by Dan Quarrell and Ben Snowball WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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in Kingston, Bolt knew just three competitions remain before he retires and the Caribbean island that he has put on the map is bereft.

What on earth is the country going to do without him? “Jamaican athletics is in a good position,” Yanik Morrison, Calabar assistant coach, tells The Sunday Telegraph. “Usain Bolt is someone who has done so much for the country, so much for the sport, and so much for Jamaican athletes, that they now believe they can achieve what they want. He has set the trend and most athletes want to be like him – most of those here want to take it professional.

The story has entered the realms of legend, becoming one of athletics' origin myths. A gangly sprinter from humble beginnings bursts onto the scene in Beijing, demolishing three world records as athletics crowns a new king. Armed with the perfect concoction of attributes – speed, swagger and an unavoidably-excellent surname – Usain Bolt has ruled the sport ever since.

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But as his tale enters its final chapter at the World Athletics Championships in London, little is still known about the mentality behind his ruthless win streak. Tiger Woods, Michael Jordan, Michael Phelps and Serena Williams are some of the great names who have dominated their sport with unerring intensity. But Bolt, by contrast, is in his element clowning around on the startline. How has the sport’s jester held the mental edge for nine years in events that last a few fleeting seconds? How can he stay so calm when his legacy is one mistake from unravelling? What is unique about the mindset which has spurred him onto unimaginable heights? And how on earth can athletics prosper once the curtain falls on Bolt’s career?

"It is only when the starter says ‘on your marks’ that I focus in on the race," Bolt exclusively tells Eurosport, as he takes us inside the mind of a sporting great. At 21:45pm on Saturday August 5, the starter will utter those words to the Jamaican one

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final time. The 30-year-old will pause his theatrics, lock into race mode and – almost certainly – claim victory in the last race of his incredible career.

But the origin myth is just that. In reality, Bolt's Olympic record is not the gleaming list of perfection – nine events, nine triumphs – it is always depicted as. There was one race which blotted the copybook, and it came right at the start of a journey which would transform athletics and sport forever.When I say I’ve beaten Bolt, the response is always the same: 'No way! You’re kidding!' I have to show the videos, because nobody believes me… August 24, 2004. Athens is staging the Games of the XXVIII Olympiad162, with heat four of the men’s 200m featuring a rising star. The camera is fixated on lane five as world junior champion Bolt, three days after his 18th birthday, gestures to someone in the crowd just moments before "on your marks" is uttered. Around him, his competitors puff out their cheeks in full-on intimidation mode.

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Barely 60 seconds later, the Jamaican is out after finishing fifth. Little-known

Polish athlete Marcin Jedrusinski, then 22, is acknowledging the crowd after taking victory. Jedrusinski would later bow out at the semi-final stage and retire with just a solitary European silver medal to show for his labours. But as another career drifts into the twilight zone, he can now brag about his unique claim to fame – he was the man who triumphed in Bolt’s sole Olympic failure. "At that time, I didn’t think I had beaten someone big," Jedrusinski relives to Eurosport Poland. "Usain was a sprinter who had already run under 20 seconds, but he was not yet world class and to be honest, I was keeping an eye on the other sprinters. I beat Usain and got back to the daily routine. Only later did it turn out that the world had never had somebody like him. It turned out I had beaten the legend." Jedrusinski finished his career with modest personal bests of 10.26s (100m) and 20.31s (200m), with his gangly 6'2" frame prompting calls that his future lay outside sprinting – preconceptions Bolt demolished when he finally burst onto the mainstream four years later in Beijing.

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"When I saw him, it reminded me of how others treated me when I was a

youngster," Jedrusinski adds. "People used to tell me, 'you’re too tall, stop wasting your time and focus on a different sport'. But I thought 'he’s taller than me and runs under 20 seconds. Why can’t I?' Usain looks like a genuine sprinter now, but in 2004 he was like a walking pole: tall and very thin. In my day, we had Shawn Crawford and Maurice Greene. They were not so tall, but were muscular. Then suddenly we got somebody like Usain who denied all of that." However Jedrusinski, now back in the army, insists that taking the scalp of the greatest sprinter in history is not the highlight of his career. "Even after all these years, I don’t find beating Bolt163 my biggest success," he adds. "It was not the fastest run of my life and I didn’t win a medal in Athens. It’s simply a funny story. It was my best Olympics, but not because of beating Bolt. But I have downloaded the videos to show my kids in the future..."

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Even the greatest need help. Bolt’s absence of invincibility was short-lived, with

coach Glen Mills taking him under his wing at the end of 2004. Mills completely revamped his technique and instilled a firm work ethic – the transformation was total.When Bolt thumped his chest in triumph and eased to a jog even as he was approaching the finish of the 100m final in Beijing, not only was he making a mockery of the Olympics’ flagship event, he was also ripping up the sprint manual forever. Such was his impact that day, athletics has marched to his beat ever since. It was the first time in history that a 100m sprinter had shown such disdain for sprinting the full 100m and still obliterated the world record. The combined winning margins from Atlanta 1996 to Athens 2004 sat at 0.18 seconds; Bolt's 9.69 in 2008 put him 0.2 seconds clear of his closest rival. All on a nutritious diet of chicken nuggets. ‘Anything can happen’ was a phrase now redundant in men’s sprinting, all because of Bolt’s extraordinary runturned-victory-jog. And boy did athletics need it. Fresh from the debacle in Athens, which saw proposed Olympic flame lighter Konstantinos Kenteris' missed doping test on the eve

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of the Opening Ceremony set the tone for a drug-ravaged Games, the sport needed rescuing – and it would be, by the most eccentric of characters. For five years, Bolt's dominance was such that he could afford his pre-race theatrics, with only a solitary DQ in the 100m final at the World Championships in Daegu, 2011, blighting his clean sweep in major championships. Nobody could get near him – and it defied all logic. Sprinters were supposed to conform to a stereotype: muscular, explosive and not far north of six foot. The start was where the race was won and lost, so what hope did Bolt have of harnessing his surname and blasting from the blocks with his 6'5" frame acting as a giant parachute? Nothing could stop him in those early years as he set about redefining a sport. But as Bolt’s youth slipped away, so did his frightening advantage. By the time the 2015 World Championships164 arrived, dissenting voices had emerged – so too had a clear rival to the sport's golden boy: the reviled double drug cheat Justin Gatlin. For the first time in his career, Bolt was under fire from inside and outside his sport. A race which

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took on a moral dimension – almost becoming a parable of good versus evil – had everything riding on it, and Gatlin was in imperious form, unbeaten in 29 races. Not that you could tell. With his legacy one defeat from crumbling, Bolt arrived for the 100m final with his typical swagger and looked completely relaxed as the athletes were introduced to the crowd. It wasn’t his raw pace that won the final, but his mental hold on his rivals as Gatlin – an Olympic gold medallist – forgot how to run in the final 15m. This was no fluke. This was the Bolt effect. Thinking you can beat him, and actually beating him, are two very different beasts. It is a tension that his rivals have never been able to resolve, a constant thread running through his career. No one had ever seen anything like it. In WWE, perhaps, but certainly not in athletics.

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This excerpt of Usain 165 Bolt 166 journey When Bolt lined up for the 100m in

Beijing in 2008 his rivals were taken aback, as were fans around the world. It was striking, almost shocking in a wonderful way. His fellow sprinters were focused, stern and unflinching while Bolt preened like a peacock; he effectively roared ‘Look! I've arrived! This is how we do things now’. No athlete had ever celebrated victory prior to a race so convincingly before; no one had dared to make the 100m a one-man party, only interrupted very fleetingly by the main event. The race itself was only a very small part of a wider celebration, not only of talent, but of personality verbalized his Legacy because it was his defining moment in history. Usain Bolt enunciated his 165https://www.news18.com/news/olympics/usain-bolt-five-moments-that-make-him-the-best-ever-1281669.html 166 Rio de Janeiro: Five moments that have defined Usain Bolt's career following his victory in the 100m here Sunday: Beijing Brilliance Bolt arrived at the 2008 Beijing Olympics as the newly minted world record holder, having clocked a blistering 9.72sec at a meeting in New York in May. When it came to the competition in China he was simply unstoppable, setting a world record in the 100m of 9.69sec before breaking Michael Johnson's world record of 19.32 to win the 200m. Bolt and Jamaica threw in a world record in the 4x100m relay for good measure. Berlin record-breaker At the Berlin World Championships in 2009, Bolt defied logic by improving upon his astounding performance in Beijing the previous year, bettering his world records in both the 100m and 200m. He sliced more than a tenth of a second his previous world best, scorching across the line in 9.58sec to take gold.

Four days later he followed it up with a scintillating display in the 200m, clocking 19.19sec. Both records have remained intact in the seven years since. Double-treble Bolt arrived in London chasing an improbable 'double-treble', aiming to successfully defend all three of his Olympic titles won in Beijing. The first leg was achieved with victory in the 100m, where he and training partner Yohan Blake finished well clear of a field containing Justin Gatlin and Tyson Gay. Bolt's time of 9.63sec remains the fastest ever run at an Olympics. The 200m saw a Jamaican clean sweep of the podium, with Bolt winning in 19.32sec ahead of Blake and Warren Weir. The treble was duly completed in the 4x100m relay in a world record 36.84sec. Gatlin thriller Bolt headed to the Beijing World Championships in August 2015 with signs that his crown might be slipping. Injuries had appeared to have left him looking vulnerable for the first time in seven years, and long-time rival Gatlin was the man in form with the season's fastest time. For many, the thought of Gatlin, twice convicted of doping offences, unseating Bolt was an uncomfortable proposition. World athletics chief Sebastian Coe said the prospect made him "queasy." Yet when he needed it most, Bolt was able to find an extra gear, winning in 9.79sec ahead of Gatlin, second in 9.80sec. Rio romp Despite a patchy season hampered by injuries to his troublesome left hamstring, Bolt was able to draw on his phenomenal ability to raise himself for the big occasion in Rio. With the crowd roaring his every move - and booing his rival Gatlin - the champion stormed over in 9.81 to become the first man to win three consecutive 100m titles. WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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testimony by answering the pertinent question What s That In Your Hand. He was just a conduit whereby this characteristic just flowed.

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CHAPTER 7 Mahatma Gandhi

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Historically, Austria167 issues the world's first postal cards and The Wyoming168

territorial legislature gives women the right to vote, one of the first such laws in the world. Mahatma Gandhi was born 2 October 1869 and died 30 January 1948)When Gandhi returned to India169 at the age of 46, he started traveling widely among the country, helping to settle many local disputes. His big success lead to him being admired throughout the country so much that one of India’s most well-known writers gave Gandhi the title Mahatma (“Great Soul”). Also Read: Why You Need To Man Up and Chase Your Dreams Mahatma Gandhi became a leader of the Indian community and over the years developed a political movement based on the methods of non-violent civil disobedience, which he called “satyagraha”. He dressed simply, in a loin cloth and shawl, and he didn’t have any other material possessions.

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To those who don’t know India was a British Colony.

During the years Gandhi would be imprisoned many times, but that didn’t stop him but what Gandhi managed to do was that he developed satyagraha into a national movement, stressing passive resistance, nonviolent disobedience, boycotts and, on occasion, hunger strikes. He became so well-known and respected, that he gained influence with both the British ruler and the general public.

Mahatma Gandhi170 believed in the unity of all mankind under one god. As a youth, he was neither a genius nor a child prodigy and actually he suffered from extreme shyness. However, he approached life with making small steps towards his goals, which he pursued relentlessly. By the time he died, India had become an independent country, free of British rule and actually India became the largest democracy in the world. Today, Gandhi is remembered not only as a political leader, but also as a moralist who appealed to the universal conscience of mankind.

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On January 30, 1948, just after India attained its independence from Britain, Mahatma Gandhi was assassinated.

Now more than everything else what Mahatma Gandhi proved was that ONE MAN can change the world, he managed to take down an empire without using any violence. And his example was later followed by other peaceful resisters such as Martin Luther King Jr. and Dalai Lama. He freed India from the British Empire, without using any violence and advocated that others do the same, and who could believe that such a skinny and shy man could do it, but he is another proof of what we as humans can achieve, and if Mahatma Gandhi could do it, why do you think you can’t? Just give me a single reason, he wasn’t a genius neither a prodigy, he came from a middle class family, but he did something that most would describe as “impossible”,

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now many would disagree and I’m fine with that, as you know there will always be haters trying to prove you wrong, but it’s your choice if you listen to them.

This excerpt of Mahatma Gandhi’s journey, He freed India from the British Empire, without using any violence and advocated that others do the same, it was Mahatma Gandhi’s defining moment in history because Mahatma Gandhi enunciated his testimony by answering the pertinent question What s That In Your Hand. He was just a conduit whereby the characteristic humanity flowed.

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CHAPTER 8 Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

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The annals of history has reflected that The Wall Street Crash of 1929, also

known as the Stock Market Crash171 of 1929 or the Great Crash, is the stock market crash that occurred in late October, 1929. It started on October 24 ("Black Thursday") and continued through October 29, 1929 ("Black Tuesday"), when share prices on the New York Stock Exchange collapsed.

Of note, Martin Luther King172 was January 15, 1929 and died April 4, 1968

Martin Luther King Jr's vision changed the world in a major way. In fact, anyone who’s been through elementary school in America has likely heard the name Martin Luther King. As we progress into high school and beyond, we’re taught about his famous "I Have a Dream"173 speech, and we gain a greater understanding of his impact on civil rights in America as a whole.

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Martin Luther King's Vision

Martin Luther King had a vision of a society in which race was not an issue in how people were treated or in how they were allowed to live their lives. It’s a sad fact of today’s society that King’s vision is not a reality in America, or anywhere else in the world; but it is possible to say that his vision affected us. While nothing is perfect or complete in the battle for civil rights, the efforts of King and those like him have, in fact, changed the country and the world, for the better, in noticeable ways. His vision has made the world a more equal place, if not an equal one, and it has helped to ensure that minorities have a voice. Martin Luther King and Civil Rights Martin Luther King had a major impact on civil rights174. King played a part in many well-known civil rights movements in the 1950s and 1960s. In 1955, he became heavily involved in the Montgomery, Alabama boycott of the city buses, which was spurred by the bus company’s insistence that African Americans only ride in the back seats. King’s support drew much attention to the cause and rallied 174http://biography.yourdictionary.com/articles/martin-luther-kings-vision-change-world.html WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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many supporters even outside of the Montgomery area, which put pressure on bus companies all over the South to examine their own rules, and eventually, to change them. King’s prominence in the civil rights movement gained the respect of many political leaders, and gave him the potential power to enact major change. Vision of Non-Violent Protest The bus boycott was just one example of many situations where, under King’s influence, the civil rights movement gained attention and respect. A key part of King’s vision, aside from a quest for racial equality, was the idea of nonviolence; he refused to use violent actions in any of his protests, and taught his followers to do the same. Based on the principles of Gandhi, this factor of King’s beliefs and behavior was a major influence on society at the time. Police forces didn’t hesitate to use violence against demonstrators and protesters, but in the face of their quiet civil resistance, the overblown physical techniques of force and brutality lost their power.

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Martin Luther King was greatly responsible for the passing of the Civil Rights

Act and the Voting Rights Act for African Americans, both in the mid 1960s. Both of these acts literally changed American law so that African Americans could not be treated separately from whites. His victories in these two areas had a major impact on the United States and the world. Martin Luther King175 did not make overt efforts to fight international civil rights inequalities; however, his U.S. civil rights victories and speeches were inspiration for those who were involved in international racial injustice. By 1964 the United Nations' membership had doubled from its 1945 levels. Almost 75% of these new members were from developing countries who were committed to combating racial injustice based on the struggles of Martin Luther King in the U.S. and the racial persecution in South Africa. For a time perspective of the details of Martin Luther King Jr176.'s life, check out the Martin Luther King Jr. Timeline on YourDictionary. 175http://biography.yourdictionary.com/articles/martin-luther-kings-vision-change-world.html 176http://biography.yourdictionary.com/articles/martin-luther-kings-vision-change-world.html WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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King was assassinated in 1968. With his death, the country lost not only a great

leader, but a prominent person who had carried the power to change society for the better. The loss of King was a loss for people of all races. This excerpt of Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King177

Jr.’s journey was greatly

responsible for the passing of the Civil Rights Act and the Voting Rights Act for African Americans, both in the mid 1960s. Both of these acts literally changed American law so that African Americans could not be treated separately from whites. His victories in these two areas had a major impact on the United States and the world. At this juncture I must confessed it was Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King’s defining moment in history because Dr. King enunciated his testimony by answering the pertinent question What s That In Your Hand. He was just a conduit whereby the characteristic humanity flowed.

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CHAPTER 9 Stewart Russell © September 2018

What’s That in Your Hand ? 178

178Stewart Russell © September 2018

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The question’s been posed So I will respond Though I’m really a tiny fish In this very large pond.

What’s that in my hand? It’s a talent or two: “The propensity for doing good” That’s the biblical view.

It shows up in a tendency Or perhaps an indication, Often it may even relate as in my case To one’s life vocation.

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A knack for teaching Is certainly mine And as a matter of fact I think That embraces all I’ve been assigned.

Within the teacher’s scope I played a number of roles Of course one impacted the mind, The other the soul.

First up as my career suggests I am a teacher But equally as important I am also a preacher.

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Yes the shaping of minds And the impacting of souls Hence teaching and preaching; These are certainly my roles.

From a very young age I was thus inclined As I flogged that old chair In the room where we dined.

Not yet ten years then How was I to know That this was to be my vocation From the seeds being sowed?

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For the strap was plenteous In those early days And I guess I was just mimicking My teachers’ ways.

Maybe I was displacing aggression For the floggings I received And beating that old chair Was teaching then as I had believed.

However I came a long way From that misguided thought And to be the best teacher

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Was what I diligently sought.

For forty long years I was feverishly driven In pursuit of that objective Using the talents I was given.

Many a life I have touched With the help of my heavenly Father, Mistakes I made as I went along But that’s another matter.

So very often as I move around And I see the ones I taught I am made humble by the compliments

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And the satisfaction teaching brought.

As I indicated in this poem before Other talents have emerged, At first they were quite recessive But at the right time they surged.

Poetry is one that comes to mind You’ll find many poems on my blog, I’ve been able to touch the world That’s far more than my teaching job.

“The gift of the gab”, many say Of such I have been accused, I trust I have put it to positive use

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And hopefully never abused.

A passion for teaching, my friend Was placed within my hand And with it came so many things, That was the Master’s plan. The fringe benefits were numberless Indeed not in the form of wealth But one certainly that I can identify Would be the benefit of good health.

God not only provides the talent But He also gives the ability And all that is left for us to do Is to take hold of the opportunity.

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The opportunity to use what is given For God’s honour and His glory And make the world a better place As becoming His story

Not a craving for someone else’s But a yearning to use mine And to better a life as God would have it In sync with the Supreme design

What’s that in your hand? If nothing is your reply Then look again and you will discover Nothing is a lie.

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A talent is to be shared Like the sower that went to sow, The home, the community and the world at large Should be blessed as that talent grows.

I dared to attempt as much With what I held in my hand And while it may appear not very much I stuck to the Master’s plan. Stewart Russell © September 2018

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CHAPTER 10 ROBERT S. FORDE Robert S. Forde answered the adapted quincentennial question What’s That In Your Hand? It spares like a diamond179 yet when I adjust it I can see behind me or I can focus on what is ahead of me...

179 Robert S Forde September 24. 1951Retired...Group Financial Controller Economics and Law - Financial Forensics... WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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Looking at the past I reflect on the knowledge gained which is all that can be

taken into the future yet I see wheŕe some of this knowledge was imparted to others... Indeed, some have gone on to higher heights some may still be finding their way but the important thing is that you have made a change... You have changed the life of someone not the world because it's God's domain but your small change in that moment of time may be all that was needed to make the world a better place for people beyond your wildest dreams...See the glass and let it sparkle like a diamond or quench your thirst being full of knowledge... My brother...hope this is of help...you can adjust as necessary... Robert S Forde September 24. 1951 Retired...Group Financial Controller Economics and Law - Financial Forensics 2018 ©

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CHAPTER 11 Trevor John Douglas Millington Born 13 November 1957 Operations Manager

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Trevor John Douglas Millington answered the adapted quincentennial question

What’s That In Your Hand? I am convinced that I have been blessed with the skill to analyse situations and come up with workable solutions to solve problems. As a result much of my time is devoted to listening to people and thinking about life processes.

This thirst to understand nature's processes had leaded me to pursue studies the field of natural sciences, particularly Biology and Chemistry.

The experiences of this training have resulted in leadership roles being entrusted to me in the workplace as well as in communities where I lived. From an early age I was privileged to be involved in the leadership of community based sporting organizations and this continued into my adult existence. I have tried to use this avenue to encourage my peers to further develop themselves by exposing

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them to different cultural spaces through travel and social exchanges using the vehicle of sport. My working life has been centered on the role of manager from a young adult where my responsibility was to develop material and human capital. This exercise has given much satisfaction since it involved being part of the experience of maturing a company from its formation and seeing it maturing into a successful business entity employing over fifty employees. Trevor John Douglas Millington The educational training and working experience I have gained over the years have allowed me to make a contribution to the development of the food processing industry in Barbados and the Caribbean particularly in the areas of plant sanitation and employee training. My personal development has allowed me the opportunity to provide my family with a better livelihood based on the foundation provided by my parents. Furthermore it affords me the luxury of opening doors to greater educational opportunities for my daughter. Trevor John Douglas Millington Born 13 November 1957 Operations ManagerŠ

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CHAPTER 12 Alan Emtage WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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Alan Emtage180 (born November 27, 1964) conceived and implemented the first version of Archie, a pre-Web internet search engine for locating material in public FTP archives.

Alan Emtage was born in Barbados, the son of Sir Stephen and Lady Emtage. He attended high school at Harrison College from 1975 to 1983 (and in 1981 became the owner of a Sinclair ZX81 with 1K of memory), where he graduated at the top of his class, winning the Barbados Scholarship.

In 1983 Emtage entered McGill University in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, studying for an honors Bachelor's degree in computer science which was followed by a Master's degree in 1987 from which he graduated in 1991. Emtage was part of the team that brought the first Internet link to eastern Canada (and only the second link in 180https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Emtage WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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the country) in 1986. In 1989 while a student and working as a systems administrator for the School of Computer Science, Emtage conceived and implemented the original version of the Archie search engine, the world's first Internet search engine.

In 1992, Emtage along with Peter Deutsch, also a McGill graduate, formed Bunyip Information Systems in Montreal—the world's first company expressly founded for and dedicated to providing Internet information services with a licensed commercial version of the Archie search engine.

Emtage was a founding member of the Internet Society and went on to create and chair several working groups at the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), the standard-setting body for the Internet. Working with other pioneers such as Tim Berners-Lee, Marc Andreessen, Mark McCahill (creator of Gopher) and Jon Postel, Emtage co-chaired the Uniform Resource Identifier working group which created the standard for Uniform Resource Locators (URLs).

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When the question is asked of Alan Emtage What’s That In Your Hand. Alan can answer from a persona perspective that On September 18, 2017 Emtage was inducted as an Innovator by the Internet

181Society

into the Internet Hall of Fame in a

ceremony in Los Angeles.182

Emtage has spoken and lectured on Internet Information Systems and is chief technical officer at Mediapolis, a web engineering company in New York City.

181Recognizing Internet visionaries, innovators, and leaders from around the world". www.internetsociety.org. 182Internet Hall of Fame - Innovator Alan Emtage". www.internethalloffame.org. WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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CHAPTER 13 SUGGESTIONS

According to writer, art director, and herbalist-in-training Catherine Winter A lot of people are disheartened by the current state of the world. Seems like everywhere we turn, we’re overwhelmed by the immense amount of strife and suffering going on around us. This can lead to some pretty intense despondency when we contemplate just how big the mess is, and how little we can personally do to change it all. Well, do you remember the saying, “think globally: act locally”? We can create an even tighter focus than that, and edge more toward: “Be the change you want to see in the world.”You and I might not be omnipotent beings who can change the entire world for the better just by snapping our fingers, but we can make great changes within ourselves.183

183https://www.aconsciousrethink.com/7391/how-to-change-the-world/ WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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CHAPTER 14 PERSONAL REFLECTIONS I would like to bring this chapter to a close184 by summarizing a few randomly nominated testimonies of Mother Teresa, Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King JR, Nelson Mandela, What’s That In Your Hand moment by underscoring the point that these icons can be characterized as Authentic in Everything They did Mother Teresa gave her entire life to help the sick, the wounded and the poor- Mother Teresa. She gave shelter to patients with diseases such as HIV/AIDS, leprosy, tuberculosis etc and also treated them in hospices and hospitals. She came from a good family but she gave it all up and helped the needy. It was only after her that people realized the importance of helping those in need. She changed the way people thought of and behaved with povertystruck people. She has uplifted lives of thousands but she has enlightened the lives of millions and so, she will always be a hero of her own kind. 184https://plus.google.com/103361477333106822034/posts/Dn2bD3coT2Z WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King JR.-was the man behind the Afro-American Civil Rights Movement. He asserted the importance of equality, and ended the white oppression. He is now an icon of American progressivism and he rightly one person who changed the world to make it a better place.

Nelson Mandela - Madiba! Madiba! is accredited with being the person who went against the Apartheid system in South Africa which segregated the whites and blacks and gave them different sets of rights and laws. Nelson Mandela served 27 years in prison for rebelling against the government but when he didn't let that get him down. He fought and fought until he successfully abolished the apartheid system and today, he is and will always remain an inspiration for millions of people who are fighting for racial equality.

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Mahatma Gandhi revolutionized not only Indian politics and freedom struggles, but that of the world. His non-violence approach quickly gained him the respect and love of millions all over the world. He, along with many other freedom fighters in India, stood up against the British rule, day after day, week after week, never growing tired. His resistance movements were all non-violent and thus, even without hurting a person, he showed the world that justice can be availed. He truly made the world a better place to live and for that, we can and we should never ever forget him.

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CHAPTER 15 CONCLUSIONS AND REFLECTIONS In brief, identities of race, class and gender and multiculturalism was a common theme running through John Sidney McCain III, Mother Teresa, Aretha Franklin, Usain Bolt, Nelson Mandela, Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., Mahatma Gandhi, Trevor John Douglas Millington, Robert Forde, Stewart Russell, and Alan Emtage scene What’s That In Your Hands?185Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. made the telling point that ”The ultimate186 measure of a man is not where he stands in moments of comfort and convenience, but where he stands at times of challenge and controversy.

185William Anderson Gittens Author Media Arts Specialist c.2018 186https://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/martin_luther_king_jr WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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CHAPTER 16 CONCLUSION In brief, Although What’s That in your hand187 was adapted from 355 BC in

the scriptural text Exodus 4:2 "What is that in your hand?" “A staff,” Moses replied was a conversation between the Creator and Creator into 21st century . Likewise What’s That In Your hand188 is conversation between you the reader and myself the author. In this setting What’s That In Your hand189 is more than a cliche, it is more than a cultural expression it is a pragmatic question; However, the response was dependent on an individual educational cultural orientation since such can only be answered from a personal level and it is a thought worth exploring. 187William Anderson Gittens Author Media Arts Specialist c.2018 188William Anderson Gittens Author Media Arts Specialist c.2018 189William Anderson Gittens Author Media Arts Specialist c.2018 WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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The same was categorized as an abstract yet at the same time a symbolic cultural cliche. What’s That In Your hand190 was adapted from 1355 BC in the scriptural text Exodus 4:2 "What is that in your hand?" “A staff,” Moses replied can be interpreted as a conversation between the Creator and Creator into 21st century . Although there is the evolution of technology yet people are still profiled because of their identity. Therefore all things being equal just a conversation ensued between Moses and the Creator likewise a conversation /dialogue has just ensued between you and I through this medium regarding pertinent pragmatic question What’s That In Your hand191 which was constructed framed since the answer or dialogue can only answered from a personal level. What is very stark about What’s that in your hand it is humanized in this context and is interpreted differently because global citizens are perceived as

complex,

sociable, prejudicial, perceptive, and analytic especially when the tenets of this 190William Anderson Gittens Author Media Arts Specialist c.2018 191William Anderson Gittens Author Media Arts Specialist c.2018 WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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pertinent question whats that in your hand192 is applied in context to enunciate the Testimonies or feats of some randomly selected global citizens testimonies within context, these include namely John Sidney McCain III, Mother Teresa, Aretha Franklin, Usain Bolt, Nelson Mandela, Rev. Dr.Martin Luther King Jr., Mahatma Gandhi, who unawares answered the question metaphorically and symbolically since they used what was in their hand at the time to help others.Conversely, as an author and Media Arts Practitioner the thought that must be underscored is the fact that I am not presenting any new cultural social abstract namely what’s that in your hand which is applied symbolically. However, symbolically I am only giving this expression phrase cliche information a treatment. As a Media Arts Practitioner in the realm of videography it is normal to give your production a video treatment which is your best effort in defining your project, presenting a clear synopsis of your story, developing your production and organizing its purpose. This technique is often the first and only chance you have in presenting a commercial project – making a pitch .Suffice it say that the rationale for the aforesaid would cause the remainder of global citizens regardless of their identity 192William Anderson Gittens Author Media Arts Specialist c.2018 WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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to take another look at what’s that in your hand193 in other words deconstruct it, pull it apart, examine it and analyse it because the world are bound together194 by those hidden laws, physical, moral, and spiritual, which constitute the whole moral government of God and since this seems logical and reasonable I randomly selected some members of the global society to verbalize their testimony in the context of what’s that in their hand

195symbolically©2018

. MOTHER TERESA is a woman

who gave her entire life to help the sick, the wounded and the poor- Mother Teresa. She gave shelter to patients with diseases such as HIV/AIDS, leprosy, tuberculosis etc and also treated them in hospices and hospitals. She came from a good family but she gave it all up and helped the needy. It was only after her that people realized the importance of helping those in need. She changed the way people thought of and behaved with poverty-struck people. She has uplifted lives of thousands but she has enlightened the lives of millions and so, she will always be a hero of her own

193William Anderson Gittens Author Media Arts Specialist c.2018 194A History of The World from the Earliest Records to The Present Time By Philip Smith, B.A., one of the principal contributors to the Dictionaries of Greek and Roman Antiquities , Biography, and Geography, Vol.1. Ancient History From The Creation of The World To The Accession of Philip of Macedon.London: Bradbury and Evans, Printers,Whitepraiars

195William Anderson Gittens Author Media Arts Specialist c.2018 WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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kind.MAHATMA GANDHI revolutionized not only Indian politics and freedom struggles, but that of the world. His non-violence approach quickly gained him the respect and love of millions all over the world. He, along with many other freedom fighters in India, stood up against the British rule, day after day, week after week, never growing tired. His resistance movements were all non-violent and thus, even without hurting a person, he showed the world that justice can be availed. He truly made the world a better place to live and for that, we can and we should never ever forget him.Madiba! Madiba! Roared the chants in South Africa last week when we saw the passing of a legend, a hero, a revolutionary man - Nelson Mandela is accredited with being the person who went against the Apartheid system in South Africa which segregated the whites and blacks and gave them different sets of rights and laws. Nelson Mandela served 27 years in prison for rebelling against the government but when he didn't let that get him down. He fought and fought until he successfully abolished the apartheid system and today, he is and will always remain an inspiration for millions of people who are fighting for racial equality.MARTIN LUTHER KING

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JR.Our world was not always as liberal and just as it is today. People have had to fight for their rights and the community which faced some of the biggest discriminatory phases is the black community. But then came a leader who had a dream and he changed things. Martin Luther King Jr. was the man behind the Afro-American Civil Rights Movement. He asserted the importance of equality, and ended the white oppression. He is now an icon of American progressivism and he rightly one person who changed the world to make it a better place. Aretha Franklin196 managed to achieve greatness while suffering heartache and tragedy in her own life, including the loss of her mother at just nine years old, the tragic shooting of her father, two failed marriages and battles with alcohol and her weight.Aretha Franklin197 — who died Thursday morning at 76 from pancreatic cancer — is in that exclusive club. Indeed, it’s hard to think of any female R&B artist of the “real singer” kind who wasn’t influenced by the aptly titled Queen of Soul. Natalie Cole, Chaka Khan, Whitney Houston, Mariah Carey, Mary J. Blige, Alicia Keys and Beyoncé all owe a huge debt of R-E-S-P196https://www.thesun.co.uk/tvandshowbiz/7033830/how-aretha-franklin-became-queen-of-soul/ 197https://nypost.com/2018/08/16/how-aretha-franklin-changed-music-forever/ WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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E-C-T to the 18-time Grammy winner. So does Jennifer Hudson, the woman who was handpicked by Franklin198 to play her in a biopic due to start filming next year. And she wasn’t just the mother of all black female singers: Christina Aguilera, Adele and Ariana Grande are all part of the Aretha lineage. Adele’s “Rolling in the Deep” is Aretha all over, so much that Franklin herself covered it on 2014’s “Aretha Franklin Sings the Great Diva Classics.” With her church-bred voice, the “(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman” singer brought gospel-style melisma to the pop world. Those vocal runs you hear everybody trying to do on “American Idol” and “The Voice”? That’s all Aretha. The Post talks to Aretha Franklin But there are many more reasons why Franklin is regarded by many as the greatest singer who ever lived. (She was voted such by a Rolling Stone panel in 2010.) While everything about her voice is soul personified, she was not just an R&B singer. She could do gospel, jazz, pop, disco, even classical. In one of her most stunning performances, she filled in for an ailing Luciano Pavarotti at the 1998 Grammys on the Puccini aria “Nessun dorma” (from the opera “Turandot”). That’s the kind of genre-defying diva she was.And just two years 198https://nypost.com/2018/08/16/how-aretha-franklin-changed-music-forever/ WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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ago, at a Thanksgiving Day football game between her hometown Detroit Lions and the Minnesota Vikings, she sat down at the piano and sang a five-minute version of “The Star-Spangled Banner” — just because she could pull off interpretive genius like that.It’s a testament to her towering standing that a duet with Franklin was like getting blessed by the pope. George Michael, Annie Lennox, Elton John, Luther Vandross and Frank Sinatra — no vocal slouches themselves — all measured their greatness against the greatness of Franklin. If you could hold your own with her, you could hold your own with anybody.But as brilliant a singer as Franklin was, she was also a splendid songwriter, penning golden-era gems like “Rock Steady,” “Day Dreaming,” “Call Me,” “Dr. Feelgood” and “Think.” That last one, which she famously wailed in the 1980 movie “The Blues Brothers,” established Franklin as a feminist force along with her signature anthem, “Respect.”In addition, she was an inspirational figure of black pride, with albums like 1972’s classic “Young, Gifted and Black” and her performances during the civil rights movement. She even sang199 at the funeral of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. in 1968. 199https://nypost.com/2018/08/16/how-aretha-franklin-changed-music-forever/ WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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Aretha used her gifts to make a difference as well as to make art.It’s no wonder that she was the first woman inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1987. With or without the title Queen of Soul, she was true music royalty — the likes of which we’ll never see again. McCain200 changed our view of torture Beaten and badly abused during his 5½ years in captivity in Vietnam, no U.S. official spoke with such intimate familiarity and righteous anger when the CIA began using "enhanced interrogation techniques" against jihadists in the wake of 9/11. McCain's opposition helped stop practices such as waterboarding. "The use of torture compromises that which most distinguishes us from our enemies, our belief that all people, even captured enemies, possess basic human rights," he said. Their actions has affirmed and created a space whereby the remainder of global citizens can and maybe the individual’s conduct may create a renewed focus by looking within themselves to ascertain what’s that in their hands. Overall, after analyzing the feats, the testimonies and the lived experiences underscored John Sidney McCain III, Mother Teresa, Aretha 200https://www.azcentral.com/story/opinion/editorial/2018/08/25/john-mccain-legacy-changed-world/954159001/ WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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Franklin, Usain Bolt, Nelson Mandela, Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., Mahatma Gandhi, Trevor John Douglas Millington, Robert Forde, Stewart Russell, and Alan Emtage identified in this text begs this pertinent question What’s That In Your Hand . The answer and the response may create that consciousness in motivating us into utilizing our gifts, talents, skills, positions, and or status to assist some more global citizens who occupy the same space as us and beyond. To a large extent What’s That In Your Hand is just a thought worth exploring because this is ad nauseam cliche question pervades every dispensation and symbolizes John Sidney McCain III as Patriot , Mother Teresa as Humanitarian, Aretha Franklin as 'The Queen of Soul”, Usain Bolt as unbelievable, Nelson Mandela as Enigma, Rev. Dr.Martin Luther King Jr. as an Advocate, and Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi as a Great Soul. The information gathered helps to frame this question since it became part of the global citizens’ life.

Therefore there is justification in highlighting the same as part of the popular culture since the enunciated testimonies of John Sidney McCain III, Mother Teresa, Aretha

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Franklin, Usain Bolt, Nelson Mandela, Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., Mahatma Gandhi, Trevor John Douglas Millington, Robert Forde, Stewart Russell, and Alan Emtage pervaded various cultural spaces and different dispensations within the world impacting and inspiring everyone identity. It is because of the information collected analyses and examined and the fact that I am an Author and Media Arts Specialist was one of reasons why , I have decided to focus my lens on how to adapt “Exodus 4:2 And the LORD 201 asked him, "What is that in your hand?"” since it was not from a film or created from a television series nor television segments but was adapted as a 21first century question “What's that in your hand202?” whereby the response enunciated global citizens testimonies. The tools to change the world are in everybody's hand203s. How we use them is not just up to me, it's up to all of us.

201 Exodus 4:2 202William Anderson Gittens Author Media Arts Specialist c.2018 203https://edition.cnn.com/2012/07/29/opinion/goodman-ted-crime/index.html WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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ABOUT THE AUTHOR WILLIAM ANDERSON GITTENS Developing and growing in the context of excellence, professionalism and quality in Multimedia Services is what we do best. BELIEFS Developing and growing in the context of excellence, professionalism and quality in a measured way especially in the discipline of Multimedia Services since this what we do best. Magnola and William are married

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Children Lisa Gittens and Laron Gittens 2017 Codrington College Estate Committee Trailer 2017 Produced A Centennial Documentary & Murals - Carrington Wesleyan Holiness Church 2015 CEO/Managing Director Consultant Devgro Media Arts Services 2011Project Manager Thorsby EDUCATION: 2004-2006 Pursued studies in Post Masters Works in Cultural Studies at the University of the West Indies Cave Hill Campus 2002 Management Course BIMAP 1995 Bachelors of Arts in Media Arts Jersey City State University-special concentration pre and postproduction 1992 General Education Diploma (U.S.A.) 1992 Pursued the Diploma Video Production at the Barbados Community College. 1991 Diploma in Communication Arts at the University of the West Indies -the course concentrated primarily upon public speaking; Journalism techniques, Writing and speaking; Audio and video production, and the legal aspect of journalism. PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE:

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2015 CEO, Managing Director, Consultant, isobl member 12th January 2015, Devgro Media Arts Services was registered in the Register of Business Names under No. 54463 and a Member of Small Business Association # 20912 July 4-8 2011 Coordinator 47th Caribbean Food Crops Society Conference Managing a budget of BDS. $200.000.00 dollars as well as managing the logistical aspect of the conference, networking information to international delegates, soliciting sponsorship, coordination 12 subcommittees, drafting the president’s speech, Liaising with the following; the Chief Immigration Officer requesting the waiving of visas for international delegates from Haiti, Chief Protocol Officer Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade regarding seating of diplomats and specially invited guests. Ministry of Health, requesting information of the countries that will require vaccinations to facilitate their at Conference; CEO at Grantley Adams International Airport Incorporated requesting passes for Liaison Officers and Transportation Officers in facilitating delegates. The Commissioner of Police requesting Police Officers to provide security and to serve on the Protocol Committee for the conference. Managed a budget of BDS$110,489.91the 21st Conference of the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) Regional Commission for the Americas held in Barbados November 26-29, 2012 at two hundred and forty-three thousand six hundred dollars (BDS$110,489.91) Barbados dollars; AUTHOR AND PUBLISHER: October 2000 Author and Publisher of 10 Educational/Historical Children Books 1. Images of Yesteryear in Barbados volume 1 , 2. Images of Yesteryear in Barbados Vol. 2, 3. Building for the Future Vol.1, WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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4. Colour Me Vol.1, 5. Mise en scene Vol.1, 6. Land Marks Vol.1, 7. Technique Demonstration Vol.1, 8. Established in Barbados Vol.1, 9. Established in Barbados Vol.2, 10. Monuments Vol.1, 11. Focus Vol.1, 12. People Vol.1, 13. People Vol.2, 14. People of Conversation Vol.1, 15. Barbados in Review Vol.1, 16. Have You Considered This Approach? Vol.1, 17. The Children of Immigrants Vol.1, 18. Is There Anything New Under The Sun? Vol.1, 19.The Optics Vol.1 20.The Launch Vol.1 21.Our Matriarch Vol.1 22.To Classic Or Not To Classic Vol.1A Singular Island Vol.1 WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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23.Relics Vol.1 24.Through The Lens of a Media Arts Specialist Vol1 25.13.75 26.Mediterranean Memories.Vol.1 27.Excerpts from Icons Vol.1 28.It’s the Lens Vol.1 29.Singular Island Vol.1 30.To Classic or not to Classic Vol.1 31.Expressions of a Century Vol.1 32.Mia The Leader Vol.1 33.Global Landmarks Vol.1 34.It’s Lens Vol.2 35.Illustrations Vol.1 36.What’s That In Your Hand Vol.1 37.Is The Pen Mightier Than The Sword Vol.1 38. Digital Insurgency Vol.1 Editor In Chief 1992-1994 -Duties included setting up meetings to discuss tender proposals. With prospective tenders of publishing firms and - photography firms for selection. Managed a staff of ten students; managed a budget of $35,000.00 to $50,000.00 in U.S. currency pages, laying out pages press ready. WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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Taking photographs of students and activities on campus 1992- 1994 -Member of the Judicial Committee Jersey City State University Duties included listening to student's complaints that contravened the institutions 'regulations. 1990 ~ 1991 Seconded to the Faculty of Education, University of the West Indies Cave Hill Campus. Duties included preparing workshops for CARNEID and UNESCO. Teaching graphic arts, video and still photography to teachers in the Dip Ed Programme and Masters programme Graphic Artist1990 -1991 Technical AssistantAudio Visual Aids Department Duties-processing black and white, colour film and Transparencies slide, graphic arts and illustrations. 1983-1988 1 Official Composite Artists of the Royal Barbados Police Force Duties included -sketching composites of suspects, stolen items jewelry from written information, Intelligence unit, Crime prevention Unit and Special branch 1989 –2005 Freelance Photojournalist –Caribbean Broadcasting Corporation Duties - field assignments, live broadcast, and shell umbra cup football Jazz festival, Arial photography Calligraphy Justices of the Peace Certificates for the Government of Barbados Cabinet Office 1978-1979 WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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Supervisor at Barbados Knitting and Spinning 1972-2015 Member of the Barbados Regiment and the Barbados Boys Scouts Association

HONORS AND AWARDS ➢ Inducted in the Hall of Professionals of St.Giles Primary ➢ Recipient of the 12th International Prestigious Scout Award Arco Italy ➢ Presented to Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II of England for outstanding contributions in the field of art. ➢ Presented to His Excellency Governor General Sir Hugh Springer ➢ for outstanding contributions in the field of art and Scouting in Barbados. ➢ Received Special accreditation from Hackney England International ➢ Art Exhibition. ➢ Designer of postage stamps commemorating 60 years of scouting in Barbados ➢ 2016- Received Participation Certificate The 50th Anniversary of Independence of Barbados National Monument Committee

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WORKS CITED

Anderson-Fye, E., & Becker, A. (2003). Socio-cultural aspects of eating disorders. In J. K. Thompson (Ed.), The handbook of eating disorders and obesity (pp. 565–589). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Ang, Tom. Digital Photographer’s Handbook, Published by Dorling Kindersley Limited in Great Britain, 2004. Ayala, Francisco J. (1978), “The Mechanisms of Evolution,” Scientific American, 239[3]:56-69, September. Aiyejina, Funso and Rawle Gibbons. “Orisa (Orisha) Tradition in Trinidad”. Caribbean Quarterly, vol 45, no 4, December 1999, 35-50. Barriteau, Eudine. Confronting Power, Theorizing Gender, Barbados University of The West Indies Press 2003 Brathwaite, Kamau Edward. Contradictory Omens. Mona: Savacou, 1974. Bloch, M. (1985). Almost eating the ancestors. Man, 20(4), 631–646. Blum-Kulka, S. (1997). Dinner talk: Cultural patterns of sociability and socialization in family discourse. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. Bordo, S. (1993). Unbearable weight: Feminism, Western culture, and the body. Berkeley: University of California Press. Bourdieu, P. (1977). Outline of a theory of practice (R. Nice, Trans.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Bourdieu, P. (1984). Distinction: A social critique of the judgment of taste. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Bourdieu, P. (1990a). In other words: Essays towards a reflexive sociology (M. Adamson, Trans.). Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press. Bourdieu, P. (1990b). The logic of practice (R. Nice, Trans.). Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press. Baldwin, Elaine. Introducing Cultural Studies (Essex: Prearce Hall, 1999). Barbados, The Laws Acts 1-50 Copyright Act, 1998-4 Remedies of Copyright Owner,1998. Beale, Jason.

Language and culture: a response to Stuart Hall http://www.jasonbeale.com/essaypages/stuarthall.html> October 11, 2005.

Beasley, Augie. “Camcorders and Still Image Cameras: Superb tools.” Media and Methods Vol. 30 .1 (1993): 28. Brathwaite, Kamau. Selected Pages: “Contradictory Omens (Mona: Savacou, 1974). Brooks, F. Gordon Del. Interviewed in Person. Wednesday, 9, 2005 Bowskill, Derek. Some Basic Principles. Photography Made Simple. 1st Edition. London Butler and Tanner Frome. 1975. WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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ISBN 978-976-96220-5-0 Brian, Coe. 'The Birth of Photography' Ash & Grant, 1976. 11 February 2005, <http://www.yourart.com/research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/ photography> Burke, Peter. The Detected of the People. Popular tool in Early Modern Europe. Rev.ed. Scolar Press. 1996. Baldwin, Elaine. Introducing Cultural Studies ( Essex:Prearce Hall,1999). Brathwaite, Kamau. Selected Pages : “Contradictory Omens” (Mona: Savacou,1974). Brookfield, Stephen D., (1989) Developing Critical Thinkers - Challenging Adults to Explore Alternative Ways of Thinking and Acting, Jossey Bass Publishers, San Francisco Capps, L., & Ochs, E. (2002). Cultivating prayer. In C. Ford, B. Fox, & S. Thompson (Eds.), The language of turn and sequence (pp. 39–55). New York: Oxford University Press. Cashmore, Ellis.

Dictionary of Race and Ethnic

Relations 4th Edition, 1999. Forde, Robert.

Retired Group Financial Controller, John Jay College of Criminal Justice Economics and Law-Financial Forensics

Personal Interview Poem What’s That in Your Hand?. September 24th, 2018 McCain votes no on repealing Obamacare by giving a thumbs down. McCain returned to the Senate on July 25, less than two weeks after brain surgery. He cast a deciding vote allowing the Senate to begin consideration of bills to replace Obamacare. Along with that vote, he delivered a speech criticizing the party-line voting process used by the Republicans, as well as by the Democrats in passing Obamacare to begin with, and McCain also urged a "return to regular order" utilizing the usual committee hearings and deliberations.[362][363][364] On July 28, he cast the decisive vote against the Republicans' final proposal that month, the so-called "skinny repeal" option, which failed 49–51.[365] McCain did not vote in the Senate after December 2017, remaining instead in Arizona to undergo cancer treatment. On April 15, 2018, he underwent surgery for an infection relating to diverticulitis and the following day was reported to be in stable condition.[366] Committee assignments U.S. Secretary of Defense Ash Carter and Senators Joni Ernst, Daniel Sullivan, John McCain, Tom Cotton, Lindsey Graham, and Cory Gardner attending the 2016 International Institute for Strategic Studies Asia Security Summit in Singapore Committee on Armed Services (Chair) as chair of the full committee may serve as an ex-officio member of any subcommittee Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations Subcommittee on Financial and Contracting Oversight Committee on Indian Affairs Committee on Intelligence (ex-officio) Caucus memberships International Conservation Caucus Senate Diabetes Caucus

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Senate National Security Caucus (Co-Chair) Sportsmen's Caucus Senate Wilderness and Public Lands Caucus Senate Ukraine Caucus[367] Republican Main Street Partnership.[368]

Death and funeral McCain's family announced on August 24, 2018, that he would no longer receive treatment for his cancer.[369] He died the next day, August 25, at 4:28 p.m. MST (11:28 p.m. UTC), with his wife and family beside him, at his home in Cornville, Arizona, aged 81.[370][371] McCain lay in state in the Arizona State Capitol in Phoenix on August 29 (McCain's birthday), followed by a service at North Phoenix Baptist Church on August 30. His body travelled to Washington to lie in state in the rotunda of the United States Capitol on August 31, before a service at the Washington National Cathedral on September 1. He was a "lifelong Episcopalian" who attended, but did not join, a Southern Baptist church for at least 17 years; memorial services were scheduled in both denominations.[372][373] He will be buried at the United States Naval Academy Cemetery, next to his Naval Academy classmate and lifelong friend Admiral Charles R. Larson.[374] Prior to his death, McCain requested that former Presidents George W. Bush and Barack Obama deliver eulogies at his funeral, and asked that both President Donald Trump and former Alaska Governor and 2008 vice presidential nominee Sarah Palin not attend any of the services.[375][376] McCain himself planned the funeral arrangements and selected his pallbearers for the service in Washington, including former Vice President Joe Biden, former Wisconsin Senator Russ Feingold, former Secretary of Defense William Cohen, actor Warren Beatty, and Russian dissident Vladimir Vladimirovich Kara-Murza.[377] Arizona Governor Doug Ducey has the authority to appoint McCain's interim replacement until a special election is held in 2020 to determine who will serve the remainder of McCain's term, which ends in January 2023.[378] Under Arizona law, the appointed replacement must be of the same party as McCain, a Republican.[379] Newspaper speculation about potential appointees has included McCain's widow Cindy, former Senator Jon Kyl, and former Representatives Matt Salmon and John Shadegg.[380][381] Ducey has said he will make no appointment until after the final funeral and burial.[382] Tributes McCain received many tributes and condolences, including from Congressional colleagues, all living former Presidents – Jimmy Carter, George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, Barack Obama – and former Vice President Joe Biden, as well as Vice President Mike Pence.[383][384][385] French President Emmanuel Macron, Taiwanese President Tsai Ing-wen, Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko and Prime Minister Volodymyr Groysman, Australian Prime Minister Scott Morrison, who had just taken office the previous day, and former Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull, British Prime Minister Theresa May and former Prime Minister David Cameron, Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and former Prime Minister Stephen Harper, German Chancellor Angela Merkel and foreign minister Heiko Maas, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, Afghanistan chief executive Abdullah Abdullah, Pakistani foreign minister Shah Mehmood Qureshi, and former Vietnamese ambassador to Washington Nguyễn Quốc Cường also sent condolences.[386][387][388][389][390] Colonel Trần Trọng Duyệt, who ran the Hỏa Lò Prison when McCain was held there, remarked, "At that time I liked him personally for his toughness and strong stance. Later on, when he became a US Senator, he and Senator John Kerry greatly contributed to promote [Vietnam]-US relations so I was very fond of him. When I learnt about his death early this morning, I feel very sad. I would like to send condolences to his family."[391] In a TV interview, Senator Lindsey Graham said McCain's last words to him were "I love you, I have not been cheated."[392] His daughter, Meghan McCain, shared her grief, stating that she was present at the moment he died.[393] Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer (D-NY) announced that he would introduce a resolution to rename the Russell Senate Office Building after McCain.[394] A quarter peal of Grandsire Caters in memory of McCain was rung by the bellringers of Washington National Cathedral the day following his death.[395] Reaction from the White House President Trump reportedly rejected the White House's plans to release a statement praising McCain's life, and he initially said nothing about McCain himself in a tweet that extended condolences to McCain's family.[396] WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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'The American flag flies at half-staff at the White House for Sen. John McCain' - video from Voice of America In addition, the flag at the White House, which had been lowered to half-staff the day of McCain’s death (August 25), was raised back to full-staff at midnight on August 27.[397] President Trump reportedly felt that media coverage of McCain’s death was excessive given that McCain was never president. [398]

In contrast with the White House’s initial decision, many governors, both Democratic and Republican, had ordered flags in their states to fly at half-

staff until interment, and Senate leaders Mitch McConnell and Chuck Schumer requested support from the Defense Department so that flags would be flown at half-staff on all government buildings.[399][400] The White House relented following the public backlash (including from the American Legion) and lowered its flag back to half-staff later on August 27, while President Trump belatedly issued a statement praising McCain's service to the country, and signed a proclamation ordering flags to be flown at half-staff until McCain's interment.[401][402] Political positions Main articles: Political positions of John McCain and Comparison of United States presidential candidates, 2008 McCain's congressional voting scores, from the American Conservative Union (red line; 100 is most conservative) and Americans for Democratic Action (blue line; 100 is most liberal)[403] Various advocacy groups have given McCain scores or grades as to how well his votes align with the positions of each group.[404] The American Conservative Union has awarded McCain a lifetime rating of 82 percent through 2015, while McCain has an average lifetime 12 percent "Liberal Quotient" from Americans for Democratic Action through 2015.[405] CrowdPac, which rates politicians based on donations made and received, has given Senator McCain a score of 4.3C with 10C being the most conservative and 10L being the most liberal.[406] The non-partisan National Journal rates a Senator's votes by what percentage of the Senate voted more liberally than he or she, and what percentage more conservatively, in three policy areas: economic, social, and foreign. For 2005–2006 (as reported in the 2008 Almanac of American Politics), McCain's average ratings were as follows: economic policy: 59 percent conservative and 41 percent liberal; social policy: 54 percent conservative and 38 percent liberal; and foreign policy: 56 percent conservative and 43 percent liberal.[407] In 2012, the National Journal gave McCain a composite score of 73 percent conservative and 27 percent liberal,[408] while in 2013 he received a composite score of 60 percent conservative and 40 percent liberal.[409] Columnists such as Robert Robb and Matthew Continetti have used a formulation devised by William F. Buckley Jr. to describe McCain as "conservative" but not "a conservative", meaning that while McCain usually tends towards conservative positions, he was not "anchored by the philosophical tenets of modern American conservatism."[410][411] Following his 2008 presidential election loss, McCain began adopting more orthodox conservative views; the magazine National Journal rated McCain along with seven of his colleagues as the "most conservative" Senators for 2010[412] and he achieved his first 100 percent rating from the American Conservative Union for that year.[403] During Barack Obama's presidency, McCain was one of the top five Republicans most likely to vote with Obama's position on significant votes; McCain voted with Obama's position on such votes more than half the time in 2013 and was "censured by the Arizona Republican party for a so-called 'liberal' voting record."[413] From the late 1990s until 2008, McCain was a board member of Project Vote Smart which was set up by Richard Kimball, his 1986 Senate opponent.[414] The project provides non-partisan information about the political positions of McCain[415] and other candidates for political office. Additionally, McCain used his Senate website to describe his political positions.[416] Cultural and political image Main article: Cultural and political image of John McCain Speaking in Albuquerque, New Mexico, on Memorial Day, 2008, wearing his Purple Heart McCain and his wife Cindy watch in 2011 as their son Jimmy pins aviator wings on their son Ensign John Sidney McCain IV. Public opinion of John McCain[417] McCain's personal character was a dominant feature of his public image.[418] This image includes the military service of both himself and his family,[419] the circumstances and tensions surrounding the end of his first marriage and beginning of second,[24] his maverick political persona,[114] his temper,[420] his admitted problem of occasional ill-considered remarks,[91] and his close ties to his children from both his marriages.[24] WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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McCain respected other faiths and admired Hare Krishna devotees. He used to greet them with saying "Hare Krishna!", and accepted copies of BhagavadGītā As It Is, along with sacred garlands from them on several occasions.[421] McCain's political appeal was more nonpartisan and less ideological compared to many other national politicians.[422] His stature and reputation stemmed partly from his service in the Vietnam War.[423] He also carried physical vestiges of his war wounds, as well as his melanoma surgery.[424] When campaigning, he quipped: "I am older than dirt and have more scars than Frankenstein."[425] Writers often extolled McCain for his courage not just in war but in politics, and wrote sympathetically about him.[58][418][423][426] McCain's shift of political stances and attitudes during and especially after the 2008 presidential campaign, including his self-repudiation of the maverick label, left many writers expressing sadness and wondering what had happened to the McCain they thought they had known.[427][428][429][430] By 2013, some aspects of the older McCain had returned, and his image became that of a kaleidoscope of contradictory tendencies, including, as one writer listed, "the maverick, the former maverick, the curmudgeon, the bridge builder, the war hero bent on transcending the call of self-interest to serve a cause greater than himself, the sore loser, old bull, last lion, loose cannon, happy warrior, elder statesman, lion in winter."[312] In his own estimation, the senator from Arizona was straightforward and direct, but impatient.[431] Other traits included a penchant for lucky charms,[432] a fondness for hiking,[433] and a sense of humor that sometimes backfired spectacularly, as when he made a joke in 1998 about the Clintons widely deemed not fit to print in newspapers: "Do you know why Chelsea Clinton is so ugly? – Because Janet Reno is her father."[434][435] McCain subsequently apologized profusely,[436] and the Clinton White House accepted his apology.[437] McCain did not shy away from addressing his shortcomings, and apologizing for them.[91][438] He was known for sometimes being prickly[439] and hot-tempered[440] with Senate colleagues, but his relations with his own Senate staff were more cordial, and inspired loyalty towards him.[441][442] He formed a strong bond with two senators, Joe Lieberman and Lindsey Graham, over hawkish foreign policy and overseas travel, and they became dubbed the "Three Amigos".[302] McCain acknowledged having said intemperate things in years past,[443] though he also said that many stories have been exaggerated.[444] One psychoanalytic comparison suggests that McCain was not the first presidential candidate to have a temper,[445] and cultural critic Julia Keller argues that voters want leaders who are passionate, engaged, fiery, and feisty.[420] McCain has employed both profanity[446] and shouting on occasion, although such incidents have become less frequent over the years.[447][448] Lieberman has made this observation: "It is not the kind of anger that is a loss of control. He is a very controlled person."[447] Senator Thad Cochran, who knew McCain for decades and had battled him over earmarks,[449][450] expressed concern about a McCain presidency: "He is erratic. He is hotheaded. He loses his temper and he worries me."[447] Yet Cochran supported McCain for president when was clear he would win the nomination.[451] The Chicago Tribune editorial board called McCain a patriot, who although sometimes wrong was fearless, and that he deserves to be thought of among the few US senators in history, whose names are more recognizable than some presidents.[452] All of McCain's family members were on good terms with him,[24] and he has defended them against some of the negative consequences of his highprofile political lifestyle.[453][454] His family's military tradition extends to the latest generation: son John Sidney IV ("Jack") graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy in 2009, becoming the fourth generation John S. McCain to do so, and is a helicopter pilot; son James served two tours with the Marines in the Iraq War; and son Doug flew jets in the navy.[24][455][456] His daughter Meghan became a blogging and Twittering presence in the debate about the future of the Republican Party following the 2008 elections, and showed some of his maverick tendencies.[457][458] McCain appeared in several television shows and films while he was a sitting senator. He made uncredited cameo appearances in Wedding Crashers and 24 and two uncredited cameos in Parks and Recreation. McCain also hosted Saturday Night Live in 2002 and appeared in two episodes in 2008.[459] Awards and honors See also: Early life and military career of John McCain § Military awards President Mikheil Saakashvili of Georgia awards a National Hero of Georgia order to McCain in January 2010 in Batumi.

In addition to his military honors and decorations, McCain was granted a number of civilian awards and honors. In 1997, Time magazine named McCain as one of the "25 Most Influential People in America".[122] In 1999, McCain shared the Profile in Courage Award with Senator Russ Feingold for their work towards campaign finance reform.[126] The following year, the same pair shared the Paul H. Douglas Award for Ethics in Government.[460] In 2005, The Eisenhower Institute awarded McCain the Eisenhower Leadership Prize.[461] The prize recognizes individuals

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whose lifetime accomplishments reflect Dwight D. Eisenhower's legacy of integrity and leadership. In 2006, the Bruce F. Vento Public Service Award was bestowed upon McCain by the National Park Trust.[462] The same year, McCain was awarded the Henry M. Jackson Distinguished Service Award by the Jewish Institute for National Security Affairs, in honor of Senator Henry M. "Scoop" Jackson.[463] In 2007, the World Leadership Forum presented McCain with the Policymaker of the Year Award; it is given internationally to someone who has "created, inspired or strongly influenced important policy or legislation".[464] In 2010, President Mikheil Saakashvili of Georgia awarded McCain the Order of National Hero, an award never previously given to a nonGeorgian.[465] In 2015, the Kiev Patriarchate awarded McCain its own version of the Order of St. Vladimir.[466] In 2016, Allegheny College awarded McCain, along with Vice President Joe Biden, its Prize for Civility in Public Life.[467] In August 2016, Petro Poroshenko, the President of Ukraine, awarded McCain with the highest award for foreigners, the Order of Liberty.[468] In 2017, Hashim Thaçi, the President of Kosovo, awarded McCain the "Urdhër i Lirisë" (Order of Freedom) medal for his contribution to the freedom and independence of Kosovo, and its partnership with the U.S.[469] McCain also received the Liberty Medal from the National Constitution Center in 2017.[470] McCain received several honorary degrees from colleges and universities in the United States and internationally. These include ones from Colgate University (LL.D 2000),[471] The Citadel (DPA 2002),[472] Wake Forest University (LL.D May 20, 2002),[473][474] the University of Southern California (DHL May 2004),[475] Northwestern University (LL.D June 17, 2005),[476][477] Liberty University (2006),[478] The New School (2006),[479] and the Royal Military College of Canada (D.MSc June 27, 2013).[480][481][482] He was also made an Honorary Patron of the University Philosophical Society at Trinity College Dublin in 2005.[483] Ancestry Books Faith of My Fathers by John McCain, Mark Salter (Random House, August 1999) ISBN 0-375-50191-6 (later made into the 2005 television film Faith of My Fathers) Worth the Fighting For by John McCain, Mark Salter (Random House, September 2002) ISBN 0-375-50542-3 Why Courage Matters: The Way to a Braver Life by John McCain, Mark Salter (Random House, April 2004) ISBN 1-4000-6030-3 Character Is Destiny: Inspiring Stories Every Young Person Should Know and Every Adult Should Remember by John McCain, Mark Salter (Random House, October 2005) ISBN 1-4000-6412-0 Hard Call: Great Decisions and the Extraordinary People Who Made Them by John McCain, Mark Salter (Hachette, August 2007) ISBN 0-446-58040-6 Thirteen Soldiers: A Personal History of Americans at War by John McCain, Mark Salter (Simon & Schuster, November 2014) ISBN 1-4767-5965-0 The Restless Wave: Good Times, Just Causes, Great Fights, and Other Appreciations by John McCain, Mark Salter (Simon & Schuster, May 2018) ISBN 978-1501178009 Articles and forewords "How the POW's Fought Back", by John S. McCain III, Lieut. Commander, U.S. Navy, U.S. News & World Report, May 14, 1973 (reprinted for web under different title in 2008). Reprinted in Reporting Vietnam, Part Two: American Journalism 1969–1975 (The Library of America, 1998) ISBN 1-883011-59-0 "The Code of Conduct and the Vietnam Prisoners of War", by John S. McCain, Commander USN, National War College, April 8, 1974 (actual paper) Foreword by John McCain to A Code to Keep: The True Story of America's Longest-Held Civilian POW in Vietnam by Ernest C. Brace (St. Martin's Press, 1988) ISBN 0-7090-3560-8 Speeches of John McCain, 1988–2000 Foreword by John McCain to Glory Denied: The Saga of Jim Thompson, America's Longest-held Prisoner by Tom Philpott (W. W. Norton, 2001) ISBN 0-393-02012-6 Foreword by John McCain to The Best and the Brightest by David Halberstam (Random House, 2001 edition) ISBN 1-58836-098-9 Foreword by John S. McCain to Unfinished Business: Afghanistan, the Middle East and Beyond – Defusing the Dangers That Threaten America's Security by Harlan Ullman (Citadel Press, June 2002) ISBN 0-8065-2431-6 WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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Foreword by John McCain and Max Cleland to Odysseus in America: Combat Trauma and the Trials of Homecoming by Jonathan Shay (Scribner, November 2002) ISBN 0-7432-1156-1 Foreword by John McCain to Debunking 9/11 Myths: Why Conspiracy Theories Can't Stand Up to the Facts by the Editors of Popular Mechanics (Hearst, August 2006) ISBN 1-58816-635-X Introduction by John McCain to Pearl Harbor, the Day of Infamy, an Illustrated History by Dan van der Vat (Black Walnut Books, 2007) ISBN 1-897330-28-6 "An Enduring Peace Built on Freedom: Securing America's Future" by John McCain Foreign Affairs, November/December 2007

See also Electoral history of John McCain List of United States Senators born outside the United States Lying in state References Timberg, Robert (1999). "The Punk". John McCain, An American Odyssey. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-0-684-86794-6. Retrieved August 4, 2015 – via The New York Times. Morison, Samuel Eliot (2007). The Two-Ocean War: A Short History of the United States Navy in the Second World War. Naval Institute Press. p. 119. Roberts, Gary (April 1, 2008). "On the Ancestry, Royal Descent, and English and American Notable Kin of Senator John Sidney McCain IV". New England Historic Genealogical Society. Archived from the original on September 15, 2008. Retrieved May 19, 2008. Nowicki, Dan and Muller, Bill. "John McCain Report: At the Naval Academy", The Arizona Republic (March 1, 2007). Retrieved November 10, 2007; "How the biography was put together", The Arizona Republic (March 1, 2007). Retrieved June 18, 2008. ("McCain's grades [at the Naval Academy] were good in the subjects he enjoyed, such as literature and history. Gamboa said McCain would rather read a history book than do his math homework. He did just enough to pass the classes he didn't find stimulating. 'He stood low in his class,' Gamboa said. 'But that was by choice, not design.'") Alexander, Man of the People, p. 19. Woodward, Calvin. "McCain's WMD Is A Mouth That Won't Quit". Associated Press. USA Today (November 4, 2007). Retrieved November 10, 2007. Alexander, Man of the People, p. 22. McCain was christened and raised Episcopalian. See Nichols, Hans. "McCain Keeps His Faith to Himself, at Church and in Campaign", Bloomberg (April 25, 2008). He then identified as a Baptist, although he had not been baptized as an adult, and was not an official member of the church he attended. See Warner, Greg. "McCain's faith: Pastor describes senator as devout, but low-key", Associated Baptist Press (April 8, 2008). Retrieved September 6, 2008. Also see Hornick, Ed. "McCain and Obama cite moral failures" Archived August 18, 2008, at the Wayback Machine., CNN (August 16, 2008): "McCain, who was raised an Episcopalian and now identifies himself as Baptist, rarely discusses his faith." Retrieved August 16, 2008. Also see Reston, Maeve and Mehta, Seema. "Barack Obama and John McCain to Meet at Saddleback Church", Los Angeles Times, (August 16, 2008): "McCain [is] an Episcopalian who attends a Baptist church in Phoenix..." Retrieved August 16, 2008. Alexander, Man of the People, p. 28. "Episcopal fetes a favorite son". Alexandria Times. June 12, 2007. Retrieved March 19, 2012. Smith, Bruce (September 17, 2007). "McCain Says He's Been Baptist for Years". The Washington Post. Associated Press. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved August 8, 2018. Timberg, Robert (1996-09-11). Nightingale's Song. Simon and Schuster. pp. 31–35. ISBN 978-0-684-82673-8. Bailey, Holly (May 14, 2007). "John McCain: 'I Learned How to Take Hard Blows'". Newsweek. Retrieved December 19, 2007. McCain, Faith of My Fathers, p. 134.

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Alexander, Man of the People, 207. McCain scored 128 and then 133 on IQ tests. Alexander, Man of the People, p. 32. McCain, Faith of My Fathers, p. 156.

Feinberg, Barbara. John McCain: Serving His Country, p. 18 (Millbrook Press 2000). ISBN 0-7613-1974-3. Timberg, American Odyssey, pp. 66–68. Vartabedian, Ralph and Serrano, Richard A. "Mishaps mark John McCain's record as naval aviator", Los Angeles Times (October 6, 2008). Retrieved October 6, 2008. "John McCain", Iowa Caucuses '08, The Des Moines Register. Retrieved November 8, 2007. Alexander, Man of the People, p. 92 Alexander, Man of the People, p. 33 Steinhauer, Jennifer. "Bridging 4 Decades, a Large, Close-Knit Brood", The New York Times (December 27, 2007). Retrieved December 27, 2007. McCain, Faith of My Fathers, pp. 167–68. McCain, Faith of My Fathers, pp. 172–73. McCain, Faith of My Fathers, pp. 185–86. Karaagac, John. John McCain: An Essay in Military and Political History, pp. 81–82 (Lexington Books 2000). ISBN 0-7391-0171-4. Weinraub, Bernard. "Start of Tragedy: Pilot Hears a Blast As He Checks Plane", The New York Times (July 31, 1967). Retrieved March 28, 2008. Timberg, American Odyssey, pp. 72–74. McCain, Faith of My Fathers, pp. 177–79. US Navy Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships – Forrestal Archived March 20, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.. States either Aircraft No. 405 piloted by LCDR Fred D. White or No. 416 piloted by LCDR John McCain was struck by the Zuni. Timberg, American Odyssey, 75. Kuhnhenn, Jim. "Navy releases McCain's military record". Associated Press. Boston Globe (May 7, 2008). Retrieved May 25, 2008. Nowicki, Dan & Muller, Bill. "John McCain Report: Prisoner of War", The Arizona Republic (March 1, 2007). Retrieved November 10, 2007. Hubbell, P.O.W., p. 363 Dobbs, Michael. "In Ordeal as Captive, Character Was Shaped", The Washington Post (October 5, 2008) Hubbell, P.O.W., p. 364 Apple Jr., R. W. "Adm. McCain's son, Forrestal Survivor, Is Missing in Raid", The New York Times (October 28, 1967). Retrieved November 11, 2007. "Admiral's Son Captured in Hanoi Raid", Associated Press. The Washington Post (October 28, 1967). Retrieved February 9, 2008 (fee required for full text). Timberg, American Odyssey, p. 83 Alexander, Man of the People, 54. Timberg, American Odyssey, p. 89 Hubbell, P.O.W., pp. 450–51 Rochester and Kiley, Honor Bound, p. 363 "Executive Orders". National Archives. August 15, 2016. Retrieved October 24, 2017.

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ISBN 978-976-96220-5-0 Hubbell, P.O.W., pp. 452–54

Timberg, American Odyssey, pp. 95, 118 McCain, John. "How the POW's Fought Back" Archived October 13, 2008, at the Wayback Machine., U.S. News & World Report (May 14, 1973), reposted in 2008 under title "John McCain, Prisoner of War: A First-Person Account". Retrieved January 29, 2008. Reprinted in Reporting Vietnam, Part Two: American Journalism 1969–1975, pp. 434–63 (The Library of America 1998). ISBN 1-883011-59-0. Hubbell, P.O.W., pp. 288–306. Hubbell, P.O.W., pp. 548–49 Alexander, Man of the People, p. 60 Alexander, Man of the People, p. 64 Rochester and Kiley, Honor Bound, pp. 489–91 Rochester and Kiley, Honor Bound, pp. 510, 537 Timberg, American Odyssey, pp. 106–07 Sterba, James. "P.O.W. Commander Among 108 Freed", The New York Times (March 15, 1973). Retrieved March 28, 2008. Purdum, Todd. "Prisoner of Conscience" Archived January 20, 2015, at the Wayback Machine., Vanity Fair, February 2007. Retrieved January 19, 2008. "McCain, in Vietnam, Finds the Past isn't Really the Past". The New York Times. Retrieved July 31, 2018. Nowicki, Dan; Muller, Bill (March 1, 2007). "Back in the U.S.A.". John McCain Report. The Arizona Republic. Retrieved November 10, 2007. Kristof, Nicholas (February 27, 2000). "P.O.W. to Power Broker, A Chapter Most Telling". The New York Times. Retrieved April 22, 2007. Alexander, Man of the People, 81. Dictionary of American Naval Aviation Squadrons Archived March 8, 2008, at the Wayback Machine., Volume 1, Naval Historical Center. Retrieved May 19, 2008. Vartabedian, Ralph. "McCain has long relied on his grit", Los Angeles Times (April 14, 2008). Retrieved September 2, 2008. Timberg, American Odyssey, pp. 123–24 Nowicki, Dan and Muller, Bill. "John McCain Report: Arizona, the early years", The Arizona Republic (March 1, 2007). Regarding his first marriage, McCain said that he "had not shown the same determination to rebuild (his) personal life" as he had shown in his military career, and that "marriages can be hard to recover after great time and distance have separated a husband and wife. We are different people when we reunite... But my marriage's collapse was attributable to my own selfishness and immaturity more than it was to Vietnam, and I cannot escape blame by pointing a finger at the war. The blame was entirely mine." Retrieved November 21, 2007. Frantz, Douglas, "The 2000 Campaign: The Arizona Ties; A Beer Baron and a Powerful Publisher Put McCain on a Political Path", The New York Times, A14 (February 21, 2000). Retrieved November 29, 2006. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on October 14, 2007. Retrieved November 6, 2008. Timberg, American Odyssey, pp. 132–34 "McCain Releases His Tax Returns" Archived April 21, 2008, at the Wayback Machine., Associated Press for CBS News (April 18, 2008). Retrieved April 24, 2008. Timberg, American Odyssey, p. 135 Kirkpatrick, David. "Senate's Power and Allure Drew McCain From Military ", The New York Times (May 29, 2008). Retrieved May 29, 2008. Leahy, Michael. "Seeing White House From a Cell in Hanoi", The Washington Post (October 13, 2008). Retrieved October 17, 2008. Alexander, Man of the People, p. 93 WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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Vartabedian, Ralph. "John McCain gets tax-free disability pension", Los Angeles Times (April 22, 2008). Gilbertson, Dawn. "McCain, his wealth tied to wife's family beer business", The Arizona Republic (January 23, 2007). Retrieved May 10, 2008. Timberg, American Odyssey, p. 139 Thornton, Mary. "Arizona 1st District John McCain", The Washington Post (December 16, 1982). Retrieved May 10, 2008. Timberg, American Odyssey, pp. 143–44. "McCain, Clinton Head to Memphis for MLK Anniversary", Washington Wire (blog), The Wall Street Journal (April 3, 2008). Retrieved April 17, 2008. "McCain Remarks on Dr. King and Civil Rights", The Washington Post (April 4, 2008): "We can be slow as well to give greatness its due, a mistake I

made myself long ago when I voted against a federal holiday in memory of Dr. King. I was wrong and eventually realized that, in time to give full support for a state holiday in Arizona." Retrieved May 10, 2008. Alexander, Man of the People, pp. 98–99, 104 Alexander, Man of the People, p. 100 Alexander, Man of the People, pp. 100–01 Tapper, Jake. "McCain returns to the past" Archived December 3, 2007, at the Wayback Machine., Salon (April 27, 2000). Retrieved November 21, 2007. Reinhard, Beth. "Blog: McCain met with Pinochet" Archived October 9, 2009, at the Wayback Machine., Naked Politics, Miami Herald (October 24, 2008). Retrieved November 1, 2008. Dinges, John (October 24, 2008). "La desconocida cita entre John McCain y Pinochet" (in Spanish). Centro de Investigación e Información Periodística. Archived from the original on October 27, 2008. Retrieved October 27, 2008. "Revelan inédita cita entre McCain y Pinochet en 1985". Los Tiempos (in Spanish). October 25, 2008. Archived from the original on May 30, 2013. Retrieved May 30, 2013. "John McCain", The New York Times. Retrieved October 8, 2008. Alexander, Man of the People, p. 147 Strong, Morgan. "Senator John McCain talks about the challenges of fatherhood" Archived December 21, 2007, at the Wayback Machine., Dadmag.com (June 4, 2000). Retrieved December 19, 2007. Nowicki, Dan and Muller, Bill. "John McCain Report: The Senate calls", The Arizona Republic (March 1, 2007). Retrieved November 23, 2007. Barone, Michael; Ujifusa, Grant; Cohen, Richard E. The Almanac of American Politics, 2000, p. 112 (National Journal 1999). ISBN 0-8129-3194-7. Becker, Jo; Van Natta, Don. "For McCain and Team, a Host of Ties to Gambling", The New York Times (September 27, 2008). Retrieved September 29, 2008. Johnson, Tadd. "Regulatory Issues and Impacts of Gaming in Indian Country", Increasing Understanding of Public Problems and Policies: Proceedings of the 1998 National Public Policy Education Conference, pp. 140–44 (September 1998) Sweeney, James. "New rules on Indian gaming face longer odds" Archived September 17, 2008, at the Wayback Machine., The San Diego Union-Tribune (September 11, 2006). Retrieved July 1, 2008. Mason, W. Dale. Indian Gaming: Tribal Sovereignty and American Politics, pp. 60–64 (University of Oklahoma Press 2000). ISBN 0-8061-3260-4 Alexander, Man of the People, p. 112 Alexander, Man of the People, pp. 115–20 Abramson, Jill; Mitchell, Alison. "Senate Inquiry In Keating Case Tested McCain", The New York Times (November 21, 1999). Retrieved May 10, 2008. "Excerpts of Statement By Senate Ethics Panel", The New York Times (February 28, 1991). Retrieved April 19, 2008. WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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2007. Nowicki, Dan and Muller, Bill. "John McCain Report: Overcoming scandal, moving on", The Arizona Republic (March 1, 2007). Retrieved November 23, 2007. Alexander, Man of the People, pp. 150–51 ^ : a b Balz, Dan (July 5, 1998). "McCain Weighs Options Amid Setbacks". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 10, 2008. Alexander, Man of the People, pp. 152–54 Report of the Select Committee on POW/MIA Affairs, U.S. Senate (January 13, 1993). Retrieved January 3, 2008. ^ : a b Walsh, James. "Good Morning, Vietnam", Time (July 24, 1995). Retrieved January 5, 2008. Alexander, Man of the People, pp. 170–71 Farrell, John. "At the center of power, seeking the summit", Boston Globe (June 21, 2003). Retrieved January 5, 2008. McIntire, Mike. "Democracy Group Gives Donors Access to McCain", The New York Times (July 28, 2008). Retrieved August 16, 2008. Eilperin, Juliet. "McCain Sees Roberts, Alito as Examples" Archived May 11, 2008, at the Wayback Machine., The Trail; A Daily Diary of Campaign 2008, via washingtonpost.com (May 6, 2008). Retrieved July 26, 2008. ^ : a b Curry, Tom. "McCain takes grim message to South Carolina", MSNBC (April 26, 2007). Retrieved December 27, 2007. ^:

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ISBN 0-7425-2670-4 Barone, Michael; Cohen, Richard E. The Almanac of American Politics, 2006, pp. 93–98 (National Journal 2005). ISBN 0-89234-112-2. McCain, Worth the Fighting For, p. 327 Jackson, David. "McCain: Life shaped judgment on use of force", USA Today (March 25, 2008). Clinton v. City of New York, 524 U.S. 417 (1998) Alexander, Man of the People, pp. 176–80 ^ : a b "Bio: Sen. John McCain" Archived April 13, 2008, at the Wayback Machine., Fox News (January 23, 2003). Retrieved August 11, 2008. ^ : a b Alexander, Man of the People, pp. 184–87 Timberg, American Odyssey, pp. 194–95 McDonald, Greg (March 24, 1999). "NATO trains sights on Serb targets: Senate OKs use of force in Balkans". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved March 5, 2008. ^ : a b "U.S. Senators John McCain and Russell Feingold Share 10th John F. Kennedy Profile in Courage Award". John F. Kennedy Library Foundation. May 24, 1999. Archived from the original on May 6, 2008. Retrieved December 27, 2007. ^:

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August 11, 2008. Alexander, Man of the People, pp. 194–95 "Faith of My Fathers (1999)" (IE only), Books and Authors. Retrieved May 26, 2008. Ressner, Jeffrey; Vogel, Kenneth (July 3, 2008). "McCain's TV biopic, reconsidered". The Politico. Retrieved August 26, 2018. Knickerbocker, Brad. "From a Vietnam Prison to the United States Senate", The Christian Science Monitor (September 16, 1999). Retrieved May 27, 2008. "McCain formally kicks off campaign", CNN (September 27, 1999). Retrieved December 27, 2007 Bruni, Frank. "Quayle, Outspent by Bush, Will Quit Race, Aide Says", The New York Times (September 27, 2000). Retrieved December 27, 2007 Alexander, Man of the People, pp. 188–89 Harpaz, Beth. The Girls in the Van: Covering Hillary, p. 86 (St. Martin's Press 2001). ISBN 0-312-30271-1 Corn, David. "The McCain Insurgency", The Nation (February 10, 2000). Retrieved January 1, 2008 Data for table is from "Favorability: People in the News: John McCain", The Gallup Organization, 2010. Retrieved May 25, 2010 ^ : a b c d e Steinhauer, Jennifer. "Confronting Ghosts of 2000 in South Carolina", The New York Times (October 19, 2007). Retrieved January 7, 2008 "Dirty Politics 2008", NOW, PBS (January 4, 2008). Retrieved January 6, 2008 Alexander, Man of the People, pp. 254–55, 262–63 Mitchell, Alison. "Bush and McCain Exchange Sharp Words Over Fund-Raising", The New York Times (February 10, 2000). Retrieved January 7, 2008 ^ : a b Alexander, Man of the People, pp. 250–51 Alexander, Man of the People, pp. 263–66 Gooding, Richard. "The Trashing of John McCain", Vanity Fair (November 2004). Retrieved July 21, 2015 ^ :

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Retrieved January 1, 2008 Barone, Michael and Cohen, Richard. The Almanac of American Politics, 2008, p. 96 (National Journal 2008). ISBN 0-89234-117-3 Mitchell, Alison. "McCain Catches Mud, Then Parades It", The New York Times (February 16, 2000). Retrieved January 1, 2008. McCaleb, Ian Christopher. "McCain recovers from South Carolina disappointment, wins in Arizona, Michigan", CNN (February 22, 2000). Retrieved December 30, 2007 "Excerpt From McCain's Speech on Religious Conservatives", The New York Times (February 29, 2000). Retrieved December 30, 2007. Rothernberg, Stuart. "Stuart Rothernberg: Bush Roars Back; McCain's Hopes Dim", CNN (March 1, 2000). Retrieved December 30, 2007. McCaleb, Ian Christopher. "Gore, Bush post impressive Super Tuesday victories", CNN (March 8, 2000). Retrieved December 30, 2007. McCaleb, Ian Christopher. "Bradley, McCain bow out of party races" Archived January 25, 2008, at the Wayback Machine., CNN (March 9, 2000). Retrieved December 30, 2007. Marks, Peter. "A Ringing Endorsement for Bush", The New York Times (May 14, 2000). Retrieved March 1, 2008. ^:

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Retrieved May 10, 2008. "Medical records show McCain is in good health". International Herald Tribune (May 23, 2008). Retrieved May 23, 2008. Page, Susan. "McCain runs strong as Democrats battle on" USA Today (April 28, 2008). Retrieved May 10, 2008. "McCain tells his story to voters" CNN (March 31, 2008). Retrieved May 10, 2008. Luo, Michael and Palmer, Griff. "McCain Faces Test in Wooing Elite Donors", The New York Times (March 31, 2008). Retrieved May 10, 2008. Kuhnhenn, Jim. "Cindy McCain had $6 million income in 2006", Associated Press. USA Today (May 24, 2008). Retrieved May 24, 2008. Shear, Michael. "A Fifth Top Aide To McCain Resigns", The Washington Post (May 19, 2008). Retrieved June 4, 2008. Kammer, Jerry. "Lobbyists on John McCain's Team Facing Some New Rules", The Arizona Republic (May 26, 2008). Retrieved June 4, 2008. Pickler, Nedra. "Obama, McCain Fail To Agree On Town Halls", Associated Press. CBS News (June 13, 2008). Retrieved July 19, 2012. Balz, Dan and Shear, Michael D. "McCain Puts New Strategist Atop Campaign", The Washington Post (July 3, 2008). Retrieved August 11, 2008. Birnbaum, Jeffrey and Solomon, John. “Aide Helped Controversial Russian Meet McCain”, The Washington Post (January 25, 2008). Carter, Sara. “Grassley gets backlash from McCain camp after asking FBI if Trump's campaign was warned about Russia”, Circa News (September 22, 2017). King, John and Raju, Manu. “Grassley asks FBI if it warned Trump about Manafort”, CNN (September 22, 2017). Ames, Mark and Berman, Ari. “McCain’s Kremlin Ties”, The Nation (October 1, 2008). "General Election: McCain vs. Obama", Real Clear Politics. Retrieved August 11, 2008. ^ : a b "McCain Predicts 'Underdog' Win in Final 48 Hours", Fox News (June 27, 2008). Retrieved August 11, 2008. Archived August 3, 2008, at the Wayback Machine. Wayne, Leslie. "McCain Raised $27 Million in July", The New York Times (August 15, 2008). Retrieved August 16, 2008. Barr, Andy. "Obama passes 2 million donors", The Hill (August 14, 2008). Retrieved August 16, 2008. Kuhnhenn, Jim. "Analysis: McCain tries to sow doubts about Obama", Associated Press for USA Today (July 31, 2008). Retrieved August 11, 2008. "McCain taps Alaska Gov. Palin as vice president pick", CNN (August 29, 2008). Retrieved August 29, 2008. Berman, Russell. "McCain-Palin Surging in the Polls", The New York Sun (September 9, 2008). Retrieved December 31, 2008.

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December 31, 2008. Cohen, Jon and Agiesta, Jennifer. "Perceptions of Palin Grow Increasingly Negative, Poll Says", The Washington Post (October 25, 2008). Retrieved December 31, 2008. Smith, David (August 26, 2018). "John McCain opened Pandora's box – Sarah Palin came out, but Trump was right behind her". The Guardian. Retrieved August 28, 2018. McGann, Laura (August 27, 2018). "John McCain, Sarah Palin, and the rise of reality TV politics". Vox. Retrieved August 28, 2018. Martin, Jonathan (May 5, 2018). "At His Ranch, John McCain Shares Memories and Regrets With Friends". The New York Times. Retrieved August 29, 2018. Fouhy, Beth. "Obama rejects McCain's call to delay debate", Associated Press. South Florida Times (September 24, 2008). Retrieved July 19, 2012. "John McCain Statement: 'Suspending' His Campaign", ABC News (September 24, 2008). Weisman, Jonathan. "How McCain Stirred a Simmering Pot", The Washington Post (September 27, 2008). Retrieved September 27, 2008. "In truth, McCain's dramatic announcement Wednesday that he would suspend his campaign and come to Washington for the bailout talks had wide repercussions." Stolberg, Cheryl Gay and Bumiller, Elisabeth. "A Balancing Act as McCain Faces a Divided Party and a Skeptical Public", The New York Times (September 26, 2008). Retrieved September 27, 2008. "His greatest contribution," Mr. Bachus said, "was returning to Washington and standing up for Republicans who were refusing to be stampeded." "McCain To Attend Debate, Resume Campaign" Archived September 27, 2008, at the Wayback Machine., RTTNews (September 26, 2008). Retrieved September 26, 2008. "Senate Passes Economic Rescue Package" Archived April 1, 2016, at the Wayback Machine., NY1 News (October 2, 2008). Retrieved April 10, 2016. Steinhauser, Paul. "Obama picks up second debate win, poll says", CNN (October 8, 2008). Retrieved October 12, 2008. Daniel, Douglass. "Obama backs away from McCain's debate challenge", Associated Press. Houston Chronicle (August 2, 2008). Retrieved August 11, 2008. Rutenberg, Jim. "Nearing Record, Obama's Ad Effort Swamps McCain", The New York Times (October 17, 2008). Retrieved December 30, 2008. Drogin, Bob and Barabak, Mark Z. "McCain Says Obama Wants Socialism", Los Angeles Times (October 18, 2008). Retrieved December 31, 2008. Bumiller, Elisabeth. "In Ohio, McCain Is Everywhere Even if Joe the Plumber Isn't", The New York Times (October 30, 2008). Retrieved December 31, 2008. Smith, Ben. "McCain pollster: Wright wouldn't have worked", Politico (December 11, 2008). Retrieved December 30, 2008. Johnson, Alex. "McCain hammers Obama on Ayers ties", MSNBC (October 23, 2008). Retrieved January 1, 2009. "Romney backer sees treason, Obama's campaign cries foul", Reuters (May 7, 2012). "McCain Responds to 'Arab' Epithet at Rally: 'Obama a Decent Family Man'", HuffPost (October 10, 2008). "Where Are They Now?: Gayle Quinnell". The Washington Times. October 1, 2012. Retrieved February 10, 2018. Bai, Matt, "A Turning Point in the Discourse, but in Which Direction?" The New York Times (January 8, 2011). King, Alexandra (February 10, 2018). "Meghan McCain sees 'a lot of gray' with Trump voters and their views". CNN. Retrieved February 10, 2018. "Transcript: McCain concedes presidency", CNN (November 4, 2008). Franke-Ruta, Garance. "McCain Takes Missouri", The Washington Post (November 19, 2008). Retrieved November 19, 2008. ^ : a b "President – Election Center 2008", CNN. Retrieved November 19, 2008.

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Gerstein, Josh. "Defense bill revised in bid to avoid veto", Politico (December 12, 2011). Retrieved December 26, 2011. Chabot, Hillary. "John McCain: Close curtain on GOP 'Greek tragedy'", Boston Herald (February 28, 2012). Retrieved March 7, 2012. Gilbert, Holly. "McCain on campaign finance: 'The system is broken'" Archived July 5, 2012, at the Wayback Machine., CNN (June 17, 2012).

Retrieved July 7, 2012. Steinhauer, Jennifer. "Once a Rebel, McCain Now Walks the Party Line", The New York Times (July 27, 2012). Retrieved July 31, 2012. Steinhauer, Jennifer. "Foreign Policy's Bipartisan Trio Becomes Republican Duo", The New York Times (November 26, 2012). Retrieved December 20, 2014. Eldridge, David. "McCain slams Obama on Libya: 'Nobody died in Watergate'", The Washington Times (October 28, 2012). Retrieved November 16, 2012. Ioffe, Julia. "John Kerry's Quiet Campaign Pays Off", The New Republic (December 22, 2012). Retrieved December 23, 2012. Cassata, Donna (May 31, 2013). "McCain: Syrian rebels need heavy weapons". The Guardian. Associated Press. Retrieved April 3, 2014. "Senate panel votes to authorize Syria strike", Fox News (September 4, 2013). Retrieved September 11, 2013. Weiner, Rachel. "McCain calls Paul, Cruz, Amash 'wacko birds'", The Washington Post (March 8, 2013). Retrieved September 11, 2013. Deruy, Emily. "Gang of Eight Accelerates Immigration Reform Pace", ABC News (January 30, 2013). Retrieved February 2, 2013. "McCain: Immigration-reform backers 'not winning'", United Press International (July 19, 2013). Retrieved July 31, 2013. Condon, Stephanie. "Senate reaches deal to avert 'nuclear option'", CBS News (July 16, 2013). Retrieved July 31, 2013. Kane, Paul. "John McCain helps avert Senate showdown" Archived October 20, 2013, at the Wayback Machine., The Washington Post (July 16, 2013). Retrieved August 1, 2013. Leibovich, Mark. "How John McCain Turned His ClichÊs Into Meaning", The New York Times Magazine (December 18, 2013). Retrieved December 24, 2013. Allen, Mike; Vandehei, Jim (July 23, 2013). "The new power triangle". Politico. Retrieved July 31, 2013. Pace, Julie. "Once heated White House rivals, Obama and McCain becoming bipartisan partners in second term", Associated Press, Star Tribune (July 27, 2013). Retrieved July 31, 2013. Hunt, Albert R. "McCain a maverick again", Miami Herald (July 29, 2013). Retrieved August 1, 2013. Weisman, Jonathan. "Senators Restart Talks as Default Looms", The New York Times (October 15, 2013). Retrieved October 19, 2013. Barrett, Ted and Cohen, Tom. "Senate approves budget, sends to Obama", CNN (December 18, 2013). Retrieved December 20, 2013. Sanchez, Yvonne Wingett. "Arizona GOP censures McCain for 'disastrous' record", The Arizona Republic (January 25, 2014). Retrieved January 26, 2014. Baron, Kevin. "McCain Calls for Obama's National Security Team to Resign Over Iraq", National Journal (June 12, 2014). Retrieved June 14, 2014. Walsh, Nick Paton and Capelouto, Susanna. "Ukrainian protesters get visit from Sen. John McCain", CNN (December 15, 2013). Retrieved December 17, 2014. Wong, Kristina. "McCain, Graham call for US to arm Ukrainians", The Hill (November 18, 2014). Retrieved December 17, 2014. John, Arit. "John McCain Fights, Loses Good Fight Against Bundler-Ambassadors", Bloomberg News (December 2, 2014). Retrieved December 4, 2014. Everett, Burgess. "Torture report divides Republicans", Politico (December 9, 2014). Retrieved December 10, 2014. Jaffe, Alexandra. "McCain makes passionate defense for torture report's release", CNN (December 10, 2014). Retrieved December 20, 2014. Bolton, Alexander. "GOP senators slam Obama's Cuba moves", The Hill (December 17, 2014). Retrieved December 20, 2014. WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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Steinhauer, Jennifer. "With Chairmanship, McCain Seizes Chance to Reshape Pentagon Agenda", The New York Times (June 9, 2015). Retrieved June 10, 2015. "McCain Would Let Services Out of 'Penalty Box'", Defense News (May 22, 2015). Retrieved May 23, 2015. Cheney, Kyle. "John McCain announces reelection bid", Politico (April 7, 2015). Retrieved April 9, 2015. Raju, Manu and Cheney, Kyle. "Is the tea party afraid of John McCain?", Politico (April 15, 2015). Retrieved April 15, 2015. Crowley, Michael (May 13, 2015). "John Kerry and John McCain: Once friends, now foes". Politico. Retrieved May 13, 2015. Perry, Mark. "US generals: Saudi intervention in Yemen 'a bad idea'", Al Jazeera (April 17, 2015). Retrieved June 20, 2015 "U.S. Senators Hem and Haw on Saudi Arabia’s Human Rights Abuses". The Intercept. October 1, 2015. "John McCain: Obama is 'directly responsible' for Orlando attack". The Washington Post. June 16, 2016. Retrieved June 18, 2016. "John McCain blamed Obama for the Orlando shooting. That's some pretzel logic". The Guardian. June 17, 2016. Retrieved June 18, 2016. Dumcius, Gintautas. "Sen. John McCain backs up Mitt Romney, says Donald Trump's comments 'uninformed and indeed dangerous'", The Republican (March 3, 2016). Retrieved March 3, 2016. Hains, Tim (July 19, 2015). "Trump On McCain: "He Is A War Hero Because He Was Captured... I Like People Who Weren't Captured"". Real Clear Politics. Raju, Manu. "Flake, McCain split over backing Trump", CNN (May 5, 2016). Retrieved May 7, 2016. Everett, Burgess. "How McCain finally decided he couldn't stomach Trump anymore", Politico (October 8, 2016). Retrieved October 8, 2016. Everett, Burgess and Kim, Seung Min. "McCain on tape: Trump damages my reelection hopes", Politico (May 5, 2016). Retrieved May 7, 2016. Barabak, Mark Z. "As John McCain fights for reelection, the Trump problem cuts two ways – both against him", Los Angeles Times (August 24, 2016). Retrieved August 24, 2016. Fuller, Matt (October 8, 2016). "John McCain Unendorses Donald Trump". HuffPost. Siddiqui, Sabrina; Jacobs, Ben; Helmore, Edward. "John McCain withdraws support for Donald Trump over groping boasts", The Guardian (October 8, 2016). Retrieved October 8, 2016. Blake, Aaron (October 9, 2016). "Three dozen Republicans have now called for Donald Trump to drop out". The Washington Post. Santos, Fernanda (November 8, 2016). "John McCain Wins Arizona Senate Race". The New York Times. Borger, Julian. "How the Trump dossier came to light: secret sources, a retired spy and John McCain". The Guardian. Retrieved August 26, 2018. Resnick, Gideon (May 9, 2018). "McCain Defends Giving Trump Dossier to Comey: Duty Demanded I Do It". The Daily Beast. Retrieved May 12, 2018. "Senator McCain says U.S. 'must stand up to Vladimir Putin'". Reuters. December 31, 2016. Retrieved August 25, 2018. "U.S. says it will provide Ukraine with 'defensive' aid". Reuters. December 23, 2017. Retrieved January 31, 2018. Flegenheimer, Matt; Shane, Scott (January 5, 2017). "Countering Trump, Bipartisan Voices Strongly Affirm Findings on Russian Hacking". The New York Times. Retrieved January 6, 2017. Carney, Jordain (June 13, 2017). "Senate rejects effort to block Saudi arms sale". The Hill. Cooper, Helene (June 13, 2017). "Senate Narrowly Backs Trump Weapons Sale to Saudi Arabia". The New York Times. Nowicki, Dan. "McCain is not happy with the new Senate health bill. Here's what he wants", The Arizona Republic (July 14, 2017). "Trump praises Xi soon after death of Chinese dissident". CNBC. July 13, 2017. Ferrechio, Susan (September 12, 2017). "John McCain to punish Myanmar in defense bill". Washington Examiner. Delk, Josh (13 October 2017). "McCain: Iran has 'literally been getting away with murder'". The Hill. Retrieved 1 September 2018. Mattingly, Phil; Raju, Manu; Almasy, Steve (July 17, 2017). "McConnell delays health care vote while McCain recovers from surgery". CNN. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

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^ : a b Scutti, Susan (July 19, 2017). "Sen. John McCain had aggressive brain tumor surgically removed". CNN. "McCain Recovering After Cancer Surgery". ABC News. August 21, 2000. Retrieved July 20, 2017. Caplan, David. "Sen. John McCain diagnosed with brain tumor after blood clot removed", ABC News (July 19, 2017). Obama, Barack (July 19, 2017). "John McCain is an American hero & one of the bravest fighters I've ever known. Cancer doesn't know what it's up against. Give it hell, John". @BarackObama. Retrieved July 23, 2017. Sullivan, Sean (July 24, 2017). "McCain's return to Senate injects momentum into GOP health-care battle". The Washington Post. Retrieved July 25, 2017. Werner, Erica (July 28, 2017). "McCain, fighting cancer, turns on GOP and kills health bill". ABC News. Archived from the original on July 29, 2017. Cowan, Richard; Oliphant, James (July 25, 2017). "In hero's return, McCain blasts Congress, tells senators to stand up to Trump". Reuters. Alonso-Zaldivar, Ricardo (July 25, 2017). "Cheers for McCain, then a speech like impassioned prophet". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on July 25, 2017. Obama and the Democrats shouldn't have pushed the Affordable Care Act through on party-line votes when they controlled Washington back in 2010, McCain said, 'and we shouldn't do the same with ours....' The same Associated Press article was published at: "McCain Delivers a Key Health Care Vote, Scolding Message". The New York Times. July 26, 2017. Fox, Lauren (July 28, 2017). "John McCain's maverick moment". CNN. Retrieved July 28, 2017. Samuels, Brett (April 16, 2018). "McCain recovering after surgery for infection". The Hill. Retrieved April 16, 2018. "Portman and Durbin Launch Senate Ukraine Caucus", web site of "Rob Portman United States Senator for Ohio" (February 9, 2015). Retrieved February 11, 2015. "Members". Republican Main Street Partnership. Retrieved October 4, 2017. Fandos, Nicholas; Martin, Johnathan (August 24, 2018). "John McCain Will No Longer Be Treated for Brain Cancer, Family Says". The New York Times. Retrieved August 24, 2018. "Sen. John McCain, American 'maverick' and Arizona political giant, dies at age 81". The Arizona Republic. McFadden, Robert (August 25, 2018). "John McCain, War Hero, Senator, Presidential Contender, Dies at 81". The New York Times. Retrieved August 25, 2018. "Lifelong Episcopalian Senator John McCain Remembered as 'Hero' Who Stood Quietly for His Faith". Christian Post. Retrieved August 27, 2018. "McCain's faith: Pastor describes senator as devout, but low-key (updated)". baptistnews.com. Baptist News Global. Retrieved August 27, 2018. "McCain to lie in state at Capitol". Politico. Retrieved August 26, 2018. "McCain requested Obama and George W. Bush deliver eulogies at funeral". CBS News. Retrieved August 26, 2018. "McCain didn't want Trump at funeral service". CNN. Retrieved August 26, 2018. "McCain's choice of Russian dissident as pallbearer is final dig at Putin, Trump". POLITICO. Retrieved 2018-08-29. Phillips, Amber (May 16, 2018). "The GOP will likely hold on to McCain's seat until 2020". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved August 26, 2018. Sullivan, Sean. "Arizona governor, a Republican, to appoint McCain successor". The Washington Post. Retrieved August 26, 2018. "Here's What Happens to John McCain's Senate Seat". Time. August 25, 2018. "Who could be appointed to replace John McCain in the Senate, and the process behind it, explained". Vox. August 25, 2018. Sanchez, Yvonne Wingett (August 26, 2018). "John McCain's seat in Senate will stay empty until after burial, Gov. Doug Ducey says". Arizona Republic. Retrieved August 28, 2018. "Six presidents, nation, world react to John McCain's death". Arizona Republic. August 25, 2018. Patten, Dominic (August 13, 2018). "John McCain's Family Gets Donald Trump's "Sympathy"; No Salute For Deceased Senator". Yahoo!. Retrieved August 26, 2018. Gstalter, Morgan. "Biden on McCain's death: 'He never lost sight of what he believed most: Country First'". The Hill. Retrieved August 26, 2018.

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Noack, Rick (August 26, 2018). "'A great defender of liberty': World leaders mourn Sen. John McCain". The Washington Post. Retrieved August 29, 2018. "Taiwan expresses condolences over death of John McCain: Taiwan mourns the death of a 'determined friend'". Taiwan News. August 26, 2018. "Taiwan president: McCain a friend and a fighter". MSN. Associated Press. August 26, 2018. "The Latest: Germany, Pakistan Pay Tribute to McCain". U.S. News & World Report. August 26, 2018. "Trudeau, Harper among Canadians paying tribute to U.S. Sen. John McCain". CBC News. "US Senator McCain – who helps lay foundation for VN-US relations – passes away". Việt Nam News. Retrieved August 26, 2018. Edelman, Adam (August 28, 2018). "Lindsey Graham reveals McCain's last words to him in tearful interview". NBC News. Retrieved August 28, 2018. "Meghan McCain Shares Touching Tribute to Late Father: 'All That I Am Is Thanks to Him'". People. Retrieved August 27, 2018. Tillett, Emily (August 26, 2018). "Schumer proposes renaming Russell Senate Office Building for John McCain". CBS News. Bb.ringingworld.co.uk. (2018). Ringing World BellBoard. [online] Available at: https://bb.ringingworld.co.uk/view.php?id=1243949 [Accessed 30

Aug. 2018]. Dawsey, Josh. "Trump rejected plans for a White House statement praising McCain". The Washington Post. Retrieved August 27, 2018. Pak, Nataly (August 27, 2018). "Trump ignores questions about John McCain as White House flag returns to full-staff". ABC News. Retrieved August 27, 2018. "Donald Trump believed John McCain coverage was 'over the top'". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved August 28, 2018. "Unlike White House, some governors order flags at half-staff through McCain's burial". ABC 7. August 27, 2018. Retrieved August 27, 2018. "Mitch McConnell and Chuck Schumer Request U.S. Flags at Half Staff After White House Flag Raised". Mediaite. Retrieved August 27, 2018. "American Legion Implores Trump to Issue Proclamation on John McCain, Lower Flags to Half-Staff". Mediaite. Retrieved August 27, 2018. "Trump Issues Statement on McCain After Silence Met With Criticism: 'I Respect' His Service". Mediaite. Retrieved August 27, 2018. Chart is built from current year and past year ratings found at the ratings sections of the websites of the American Conservative Union and Americans for Democratic Action. Mayer, William. "Kerry's Record Rings a Bell", The Washington Post (March 28, 2004). Retrieved May 12, 2008: "The question of how to measure a senator's or representative's ideology is one that political scientists regularly need to answer. For more than 30 years, the standard method for gauging ideology has been to use the annual ratings of lawmakers' votes by various interest groups, notably the Americans for Democratic Action (ADA) and the American Conservative Union (ACU)." "Federal Legislative Ratings", American Conservative Union. Retrieved October 5, 2016. Lifetime rating is given. "2015 Congressional Voting Record" Archived November 13, 2016, at the Wayback Machine., Americans for Democratic Action. Retrieved October 5, 2016. Average includes all years beginning with 1983 in House, collected from various parts of ADA website and calculated on spreadsheet. "John McCain | US Senate in Arizona (AZ)". Crowdpac. Archived from the original on November 19, 2016. Retrieved December 20, 2016. Barone, Michael and Cohen, Richard. The Almanac of American Politics, 2008, 95 (Washington, D.C.: National Journal group, 2008, ISBN 0-89234-117-3). (National Journal's methodology and criteria are explained in the "Guide to Usage" on pages 15–16.) In 2005, the economic ratings were 52 percent conservative and 47 percent liberal, the social ratings 64 percent conservative and 23 percent liberal, and the foreign ratings 54 / 45. In 2006, the economic ratings were 64 / 35, the social 46 / 53, and the foreign 58 / 40. Michael, Barone (January 1, 2013). Almanac of American politics 2014. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-10558-1. OCLC 855896170. Barnes, James A.; Keating, Holland; Charlie, Cook; Michael, Barone; Louis, Jacobson; Louis, Peck. The almanac of American politics 2016 : members of Congress and governors: their profiles and election results, their states and districts. ISBN 978-1-938518-31-7. OCLC 927103599. Robb, Robert. "Is McCain a conservative?", RealClearPolitics (February 1, 2008). Retrieved June 18, 2008. Continetti, Matthew. "Not your dad's Republicans", Los Angeles Times (March 6, 2008). Retrieved July 19, 2012. WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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Condon, Stephanie. "John McCain ranked most conservative senator in 2010" CBS News (February 24, 2011). Retrieved February 26, 2011. Lesniewski, Niels; Lesniewski, Niels (February 4, 2014). "Collins, Murkowski Most Likely Republicans to Back Obama". Roll Call. Retrieved March 24, 2018. Kimball, Richard. "Program History", Project Vote Smart. Retrieved May 20, 2008. Also see Nintzel, Jim. "Test Study: Why are politicians like John

McCain suddenly so afraid of Project Vote Smart?", Tucson Weekly (April 17, 2008). Retrieved May 21, 2008. Also see Stein, Jonathan. "Senator Straight Talk Won't Go on the Record with Project Vote Smart", Mother Jones (April 7, 2008). Retrieved May 21, 2008. "Senator John Sidney McCain III (AZ)", Project Vote Smart. Retrieved May 20, 2008. Non-partisan information about McCain's issue positions is also provided online by other sources. See, e.g., "John McCain on the Issues", OnTheIssues. Retrieved May 18, 2008. "Issues", McCain's official Senate website. Retrieved May 21, 2008. "Favorability: People in the News". Gallup.com. Gallup, Inc. Retrieved August 27, 2018. Brooks, David. "The Character Factor", The New York Times (November 13, 2007). Retrieved December 19, 2007. Mitchell, Josh. "Military Veterans step up for John McCain", The Baltimore Sun (February 5, 2008). Retrieved May 10, 2008. Keller, Julia. "Me? A bad temper? Why, I oughta ...", Chicago Tribune (May 1, 2008): "Anecdotes about McCain's short fuse – dashing off nasty letters, manhandling colleagues when they oppose him – have popped up in recent profiles. Conversely, though, we also want people in public life to be passionate and engaged. We want them to be fiery and feisty. We like them to care enough to blow their stacks every once in a while. Otherwise, we question the sincerity of their convictions." Retrieved May 10, 2008. "Arizona Senator John McCain Passes Away". Jacobson, Gary. "Partisan Differences in Job Approval Ratings of George W. Bush and U.S. Senators in the States: An Exploration", Paper presented at annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, August 2006. Hunt, Albert. "John McCain and Russell Feingold" in Profiles in Courage for Our Time, 256 (Kennedy, Caroline ed., Hyperion 2003): "The hero is indispensable to the McCain persona." ISBN 0-7868-8678-1. Purdum, Todd. "Prisoner of Conscience", Vanity Fair, February 2007. Retrieved January 19, 2008. The surgery took place in 2000. Simon, Roger. "McCain's Health and Age Present Campaign Challenge", The Politico (January 27, 2007). Retrieved November 23, 2007. Lewis, Michael, "I Liked a Pol", The New York Times Magazine (November 21, 1999) Retrieved July 2, 2008. Margolick, David, "The McCain Mutiny", Newsweek (April 2, 2010). Retrieved September 12, 2010. Fallows, James, "The Mystery of John McCain", The Atlantic (December 3, 2010). Retrieved May 21, 2011. O'Dowd, Niall, "John McCain a sad figure as he loses all that made him great and an American original", Irish Central (December 18, 2010). Retrieved May 21, 2011. Purdum, Todd S., "The Man Who Never Was", Vanity Fair (November 2010). Retrieved May 21, 2011. McCain, Worth the Fighting For, xvii: "God has given me heart enough for my ambitions, but too little forbearance to pursue them by routes other than a straight line." Milbank, Dana. "A Candidate's Lucky Charms", The Washington Post (February 19, 2000). Retrieved April 8, 2006. Campanille, Carl. "'Like to Hike' McC Loves Uphill Climb, Stays Fit in Ariz. Outdoors", New York Post (March 10, 2008). Retrieved May 19, 2008. Corn, David. "A joke too bad to print?", Salon (June 25, 1998). Retrieved August 16, 2006. Chelsea Clinton is the daughter of Bill Clinton and Hillary Clinton. In 1998, Janet Reno was the Attorney General of the United States. Pilkington, Ed. "The joke that should have sunk McCain", The Guardian (September 2, 2008). Retrieved September 3, 2008. Timberg, American Odyssey, 194. Gerhart, Ann; Groer, Annie. "The Reliable Source", The Washington Post (June 16, 1998). Retrieved May 24, 2008.

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Dowd, Maureen. "The Joke's On Him", The New York Times (June 21, 1998). Retrieved April 2, 2008. Drew, Citizen McCain, 23. "Best and Worst of Congress", Washingtonian, September 2006. Retrieved January 19, 2008. Drew, Citizen McCain, pp. 21–22. Zengerle, Jason. "Papa John", The New Republic (April 23, 2008). Retrieved April 11, 2008. "A Conversation About What's Worth the Fight". Newsweek. March 29, 2008. Archived from the original on April 1, 2009. Retrieved May 10, 2008. I have –

although certainly not in recent years – lost my temper and said intemperate things... I feel passionately about issues, and the day that passion goes away is the day I will go down to the old soldiers' home and find my rocking chair. "On The Hustings – April 21, 2008", The New York Sun (April 21, 2008): "I am very happy to be a passionate man... many times I deal passionately when I find things that are not in the best interests of the American people. And so, look, 20, 25 years ago, 15 years ago, that's fine, and those stories here are either totally untrue or grossly exaggerated." Retrieved May 10, 2008. Renshon, Stanley. "The Comparative Psychoanalytic Study of Political Leaders: John McCain and the Limits of Trait Psychology" in Profiling Political Leaders: Cross-cultural Studies of Personality and Behavior, 245 (Feldman and Valenty eds., Greenwood Publishing 2001): "McCain was not the only candidate or leader to have a temper." ISBN 0-275-97036-1. Coleman, Michael. "Domenici Knows McCain Temper", Albuquerque Journal, (April 27, 2008). Retrieved May 10, 2008. Kranish, Michael. "Famed McCain temper is tamed", The Boston Globe (January 27, 2008). Retrieved April 28, 2008. Kane, Paul. "GOP Senators Reassess Views About McCain", The Washington Post (February 4, 2008): "the past few years have seen fewer McCain outbursts, prompting some senators and aides to suggest privately that he is working to control his temper." Retrieved May 10, 2008. Novak, Robert. "A Pork Baron Strikes Back", The Washington Post (February 7, 2008). Retrieved May 4, 2008. Leahy, Michael. "McCain: A Question of Temperament", The Washington Post (April 20, 2008). ("Cornyn is now a McCain supporter, as is Republican Sen. Thad Cochran of Mississippi, himself a past target of McCain's sharp tongue, especially over what McCain regarded as Cochran's hunger for pork-barrel projects in his state. Cochran landed in newspapers early during the campaign after declaring that the thought of McCain in the Oval Office 'sends a cold chill down my spine.'") Retrieved April 28, 2008. McCain aide Mark Salter challenged the accuracy of some other elements of Leahy's article; see "McCain's Temper, Ctd.", National Review (April 20, 2008). Retrieved May 4, 2008. Raju, Manu. "McCain reaches out to GOP senators with weekly meetings", The Hill (April 30, 2008). Retrieved May 4, 2008 "John McCain, American patriot". Chicago Tribune. August 25, 2018. Retrieved August 27, 2018. Timberg, American Odyssey, pp. 144–145. Bumiller, Elisabeth. "Two McCain Moments, Rarely Mentioned", The New York Times (March 24, 2008). Retrieved March 24, 2008. Tilghman, Andrew. "McCain win might stop sons from deploying", Navy Times (March 10, 2008). Retrieved March 28, 2008. Stolberg, Sheryl Gay. "Obama Is Embraced at Annapolis", The New York Times (May 23, 2009). Retrieved May 25, 2009. Parker, Kathleen. "Another McCain Throws Down a Challenge", The Washington Post (March 25, 2009). Retrieved May 25, 2009. Tobin, Frances. "Is Meghan McCain, Miss Maverick, Undermining Her Daddy?", Politics Daily (February 10, 2010). Retrieved February 27, 2010. "John McCain". IMDb. Retrieved 2 September 2018. "Paul H. Douglas Award for Ethics in Government", Institute of Government and Public Affairs, University of Illinois. Retrieved July 24, 2015. "Senator John S. McCain to Receive 2005 Eisenhower Leadership Prize", The Eisenhower Institute (August 24, 2005). Retrieved November 14, 2007. "National Park Trust Awards Senator John McCain Highest Honor" Archived July 25, 2015, at the Wayback Machine., National Park Trust (June 8, 2006). Retrieved June 18, 2015.

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"JINSA Bestows Distinguished Service Award Upon Senator John McCain" Archived December 14, 2007, at the Wayback Machine., Jewish Institute

for National Security Affairs (December 5, 2006). Retrieved December 27, 2007. Turner, Malcolm. "Senator John McCain receives Policy Maker of the Year Award", World Leadership Forum (February 20, 2007). Retrieved August 5, 2015. "Senator McCain Visits Batumi (January 10–11" Archived October 23, 2015, at the Wayback Machine., U.S. Embassy to Georgia. Retrieved March 28, 2010. "Leader of Ukrainian schismatics awards anti-Russian senator McCain", Interfax-Ukraine (February 5, 2015). Retrieved June 18, 2015. Mauriello, Tracie. "Allegheny College awards civility prize to Joe Biden and John McCain", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (June 8, 2016). Retrieved June 23, 2016. "УКАЗ ПРЕЗИДЕНТА УКРАЇНИ №340/2016", Office of the President of Ukraine (August 22, 2016). Retrieved August 22, 2016. "Thaçi dekoron Mc Cain me çmimin “Urdhëri i lirisë”" Archived April 15, 2017, at the Wayback Machine.. Retrieved August 14, 2017. "McCain condemns isolationist politics, calls it 'unpatriotic'". Fox News. October 17, 2017. Retrieved October 18, 2017. "Honorary degree recipients", Colgate University (July 2000). Retrieved June 18, 2015. "Citadel announces graduation awards", The Citadel (May 11, 2002). Retrieved June 18, 2015. "Commencement News", Wake Forest University (June 2002). Retrieved June 18, 2015. "Senator John McCain will deliver address, receive honorary degree at WFU commencement". Archived from the original on December 18, 2015. Retrieved May 9, 2017. "Past Recipients", University of Southern California. Retrieved June 18, 2015. "McCain to Speak at Commencement, Eight to Receive Honorary Degrees", Northwestern University (June 7, 2005). Retrieved August 5, 2015. "Office of the Provost: Honorary Degree Recipients" Archived April 11, 2015, at the Wayback Machine., Northwestern University. Retrieved August 5, 2015. Vrazilek, Jessica. "John McCain: For Liberty at Liberty", National Review Online. CBS News (May 15, 2006). "Commencement: Past Recipients", The New School. Retrieved August 5, 2015. "Royal Military College of Canada Honorary Degree Recipients". Royal Military College of Canada. May 30, 2017. Retrieved July 25, 2017. "MacKay gives honorary degree to John McCain in Washington", CBC News (June 18, 2013). Goodman, Lee-Anne. "Peter MacKay in U.S. meeting with Chuck Hagel, John McCain", CTV News (June 18, 2013). "John McCain" Archived September 10, 2015, at the Wayback Machine., University Philosophical Society, Trinity College Dublin. Retrieved September 21, 2013. Farber, Jim (August 16, 2018). "Aretha Franklin's 20 Essential Songs". The New York Times. Retrieved August 21, 2018. Feeney, Nolan (August 16, 2018). "Grammys Producer Ken Ehrlich on Aretha Franklin's Last-Minute, Showstopping 1998 Opera Moment: 'She Was Incomparable'". Billboard. Billboard-Hollywood Reporter Media Group. Retrieved August 17, 2018. Stolworthy, Jacob (August 16, 2018). "When Aretha Franklin stepped in for Pavarotti at the last minute to perform Nessun Dorma". The Independent. Retrieved August 17, 2018. "That's Dr. Aretha Franklin to you". Call and Post. November 2, 2011. Archived from the original on May 21, 2013. "Aretha Franklin inducted into Gospel Music Hall of Fame". Detroit Free Press. Retrieved August 15, 2018. "100 Greatest Singers: Aretha Franklin". Rolling Stone. November 27, 2008. Retrieved May 16, 2013. ; "100 Greatest Artists of All Time". Rolling Stone. December 3, 2010. Retrieved May 16, 2013.

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McAvoy 2002, p. 22. McAvoy 2002, pp. 20–21. "Northern High School". historicdetroit.org. Dobkin 2006, p. 48. Feiler 2009, p. 248. Reich, Howard (December 19, 2012). "Inez Andrews: A towering gospel artist". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved March 20, 2014. ; Hevesi, Dennis (December 21, 2012). "Inez Andrews, Gospel Singer, Dies at 83". The New York Times. Retrieved March 20, 2014. Bracks 2012, p. 365. Ritz 2014, pp. 35–36. Ritz 2014, p. 40. Graham, Adam (June 22, 2018). "Aretha Franklin: Lifelong commitment to Detroit". The Detroit news. Hoekstra, Dave (May 12, 2011). "Aretha Franklin's roots of soul". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on June 22, 2012. Retrieved April 18, 2012. Ritz 2014, p. 47. "Pickwick Group Ltd – Aretha Franklin – Songs Of Faith". www.pickwickgroup.com. Retrieved August 22, 2018. "J.V.B./Battle Album Discography". www.bsnpubs.com. Retrieved August 22, 2018. Warner, Jennifer (2014). Respect: The Life and Times of Aretha Franklin. BookCaps Study Guides. pp. 8–9. ISBN 978-1-62917-386-3. Leight, Elias (August 16, 2018), "Quincy Jones on Aretha Franklin: 'You Will Reign as the Queen Forever'", Rolling Stone, retrieved August 19, 2018 Ritz 2014, p. 69. Douglas Wolk; David Browne (August 16, 2018). "Aretha Franklin, Queen of Soul, Dead at 76". Rolling Stone. Retrieved August 16, 2018. At 16, she went on tour with Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., and later sang at his funeral. "Aretha Franklin: Remembering Her Many Ties To Chicago; She Became 'Queen Of Soul' Here". CBS Chicago. August 16, 2018. Retrieved August 17, 2018. Ebony 1964, p. 88. Gilliland, John (1969). "Show 52 – The Soul Reformation: Phase three, soul music at the summit. [Part 8] : UNT Digital Library" (audio). Pop Chronicles. University of North Texas Libraries.

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ironically, was originally offered to Franklin). Dobkin 2006, p. 5. Whitaker 2011, p. 315. Bego 2010, p. 107. "Aretha Franklin: Amsterdam 1968". Jazz News. July 3, 2015. Retrieved August 17, 2018. "TIME Magazine cover: Aretha Franklin". Time. June 28, 1968. Retrieved September 30, 2011. Kot, Greg (October 21, 2014). "How Mahalia Jackson defined the 'I Have a Dream' speech". BBC. Retrieved August 28, 2018. Suggs, Ernie (August 16, 2018). "Aretha Franklin's 'Amazing Grace'". Atlanta Journal Constitution. Retrieved August 29, 2018. "Aretha Franklin songs". Archived from the original on January 20, 2012. – from the Bill Graham archives; requires free login. Smith, Ebonie. "Aretha Franklin & the Art of Musical Partnership". Atlantic Records. Retrieved August 16, 2018. Holden, Stephen (October 11, 1981). "Aretha Franklin: Gospel and Glamour". The New York Times. Retrieved February 17, 2015. Fleming Jr, Mike (August 16, 2018). "John Landis, Who Directed Aretha Franklin's Only Two Movies, Remembers Her 'Blues Brothers' Turns". Deadline Hollywood. Lifton, Dave; Wilkening, Matthew (August 16, 2018). "Aretha Franklin Year By Year Photos". 1440 WROK NewsTalk. "Aretha Franklin – Jump To It". Billboard. Retrieved August 16, 2018. Shewey, Don (September 15, 1983). "Get It Right". Rolling Stone. Retrieved August 28, 2018. Eliza, Graham. "Aretha Franklin's New Wave of Pop". Rolling Stone: 11. Goldstein, Patrick (July 18, 1986). "Writer's Ballad Tapped For Abc-tv Fall Theme". Sun-Sentinel. Retrieved April 18, 2012. Joel Whitburn's Top Pop Singles 1955–1990 – ISBN 0-89820-089-X "Aretha Parts With Arista". Blues and Soul Magazine (1088). Retrieved August 16, 2018.

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Retrieved November 2, 2017. Wells, Veronica (October 30, 2014). "Orgies, Attitudes And Anxieties: Biographer Paints Different Portrait Of Aretha Franklin". Madame Noire. Ritz 2014, p. 48. Ebony 1995, p. 32. Ritz 2014, p. 83. Ritz, David (October 28, 2014). Respect: The Life of Aretha Franklin. Little, Brown. ISBN 978-0-316-19682-6 – via Google Books. "Aretha Franklin gets engaged". NDTV. January 3, 2012. Archived from the original on July 9, 2012. Retrieved April 18, 2012. "Aretha Franklin Obituary". ITV News. August 16, 2018. Retrieved August 16, 2018. "Sam Cooke's Brother, Charles, Is Shot In Detroit". Jet: 57. January 15, 1970 – via Google Books. Rivera, Ursula (2002). Aretha Franklin. Rosen Publishing Group. p. 38. ISBN 978-0-8239-3639-7. Ritz 2014, pp. 44–45. Bego 2010, pp. 125–26. CNN Wire Staff (January 2, 2012). "Soul singer Aretha Franklin is engaged". CNN. "Aretha Franklin to get married this summer | Celebrity Buzz". Houston Chronicle. January 2, 2012. Retrieved May 13, 2012. Associated Press (January 23, 2012). "Aretha Franklin calls off marriage". The Guardian. Retrieved August 16, 2018. Salvatore, Nick, Singing in a Strange Land: C. L. Franklin, the Black Church, and the Transformation of America, Little Brown, 2005, Hardcover ISBN 0-316-16037-7, pp. 61–62. Baltimore Afro-American 1979. Jet 1984. Friedman, Roger (February 17, 2012). "Who Is Cissy Houston? A Primer". Showbiz411. Retrieved April 18, 2012. Epps, Henry. Great African-American Women in America history Vol I. ISBN 978-1-300-16233-9. Retrieved August 16, 2018 – via Google Books. "Aretha Franklin Talks Turning 70 Years Old, Shares Update on Her Health". Access Hollywood. Archived from the original on January 16, 2013. Thomasos, Christine (22 August 2013). "Aretha Franklin Talks Faith, Miraculous Healing". The Christian Post. Retrieved 2 September 2018. "Why Aretha Franklin's legacy is inspiring others to write gospel music for the masses". Premier. 21 August 2018. Retrieved 2 September 2018. On an ABC promo aired on July 27, 2010, announcing Franklin and Condoleezza Rice's appearing together in concert there was a segment in which Franklin was being interviewed and she said herself, "I am a Democrat". Ebony 1974. Bego 2010, pp. 162–65. World Entertainment News Network (January 10, 2012). "Aretha Franklin Reveals Tumour Scare". Contact News. Retrieved May 26, 2013. Bego 2010, p. 305. Ebony 1995, p. 30. Jet 2003, pp. 62–63. "Aretha Franklin Sets The Record Straight OnHer Health: 'I Don't Know Where Pancreatic Cancer Came From'". Access Hollywood. January 13, 2011. Gendron, Bob (May 20, 2011). "Aretha Franklin sings in Chicago". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved March 20, 2014. Lewis, Randy (May 13, 2013). "Aretha Franklin cancels 2 shows for undisclosed ailment". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 17, 2013. AP (May 22, 2013). "Aretha Franklin taking June off, postponing shows". USA Today. Retrieved May 23, 2013. CBS/AP (July 12, 2013). "Aretha Franklin cancels hometown show citing treatment". CBS News. Retrieved July 12, 2013. Italie, Hillel (August 19, 2013). "Aretha Franklin not attending baseball luncheon". The Kansas City Star. Archived from the original on August 22, 2013. Retrieved August 22, 2013. Sheehan, Katie (August 20, 2013). "Aretha Franklin Cancels September Show, Sparking Concerns Over Her Health". ArtistDirect. Archived from the original on October 23, 2013. Retrieved August 22, 2013. Staff (August 21, 2013). "Aretha Franklin says she's 85% healed". USA Today. Retrieved August 22, 2013. Gundersen, Edna (June 12, 2014). "Aretha Franklin happily sheds weight, embraces future". USA Today. Retrieved August 2, 2014. Graham, Adam (June 10, 2017). "Aretha Franklin gives Detroit something to remember". The Detroit News. Retrieved August 4, 2017. Cohen, Aaron (April 1, 2017). "Review: Aretha Franklin buoyant at Chicago Theatre". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved August 23, 2018. WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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Eskridge, Sonya (July 31, 2017). "The Diva Has Returned: Aretha Franklin Reveals Stunning Weight Loss". Hello Beautiful. Retrieved August 4, 2017. Ruggieri, Melissa (August 16, 2018). "Queen of Soul Aretha Franklin dies: A look back at her legacy". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved

2018-09-02 – via WSB Radio. Argyrakis, Andy (2018-08-16). "Relive Aretha Franklin at Ravinia for what wound up being her final full concert ever! - Chicago Concert Reviews". Chicago Concert Reviews. Retrieved 2018-09-02. Lynch, Joe (November 8, 2017). "Elton John Celebrates 25 Years of His Foundation With Help From Bill Clinton, Aretha Franklin & Neil Patrick Harris". Billboard. Retrieved August 16, 2018. "Aretha Franklin said to be 'seriously ill'". BBC News. August 13, 2018. Retrieved August 13, 2018. Huschka, Amy (August 14, 2018). "Aretha Franklin 'gravely ill' in Detroit". Detroit Free Press. Retrieved August 15, 2018. Clarendon, Dan (August 14, 2018). "Stevie Wonder Visits Aretha Franklin As 'Queen of Soul' Rests in Hospice Care". US Magazine. Retrieved August 15, 2018. "'Queen of Soul' Aretha Franklin dies at home in Detroit aged 76". The Jerusalem Post. Reuters. August 16, 2018. Retrieved August 17, 2018. "Queen of Soul Aretha Franklin Has Died of Pancreatic Cancer at Age 76". People. August 19, 2018. Retrieved September 3, 2018. "A note from the NET Research Foundation on the passing of Aretha Franklin, Queen of Soul". Neuroendocrine Tumor Research Foundation. August 16, 2018. Retrieved August 19, 2018. Fekadu, Mesfin; Itale, Hillel (August 16, 2018). "'Queen of Soul' Aretha Franklin has died". Associated Press. Retrieved August 16, 2018. "Aretha Franklin: Tributes flow in for Queen of Soul". BBC News. August 16, 2018. Retrieved August 17, 2018. "Aretha Franklin: The sound of the civil rights movement". BBC News. August 16, 2018. Retrieved August 17, 2018. "Aretha Franklin: Date set for Detroit funeral". BBC News. August 20, 2018. Retrieved August 20, 2018. "Fans will be able to pay tribute to Aretha Franklin before private funeral on August 31". The Telegraph. Reuters. August 17, 2018. Retrieved August 18, 2018. "Aretha Franklin funeral service". BBC News. Retrieved 2018-08-31. "Aretha Franklin's Funeral Live Streams: Watch | Pitchfork". pitchfork.com. Retrieved 2018-08-31. "Shirley Caesar at Aretha Franklin's funeral". Gwinnett Daily Post. Retrieved 1 September 2018. "Aretha Franklin's funeral: Ariana Grande, Bill Clinton, Chaka Khan, Jennifer Hudson, Stevie Wonder pay tribute". Retrieved September 1, 2018. Kennedy, Gerrick D. "Aretha Franklin's funeral: Gladys Knight, Stevie Wonder offer stirring final tributes". latimes.com. Retrieved 1 September 2018. "Grace, pressure for bishop officiating Aretha Franklin's funeral". Retrieved September 1, 2018. "Al Sharpton Absolutely Shreds Donald Trump At Aretha Franklin's Funeral". August 31, 2018. Retrieved September 1, 2018. "Aretha Franklin interred at Detroit cemetery". Philippine Daily Inquirer. September 1, 2018. Retrieved September 3, 2018. Bego 2010, p. 238. Ebony 1995, p. 29. "Michigan Rock and Roll Legends – ARETHA FRANKLIN". michiganrockandrolllegends.com. Retrieved August 15, 2018. "Rhythm & Blues Music Hall of Fame 2015 Induction Ceremony Was A Big Hit". Blues Magazine. June 13, 2015. Retrieved August 26, 2018. "Stars To Join For Aretha Franklin Tribute". Grammy Awards. December 2, 2014. "The Billboard Hot 100 All-Time Top Artists (20-01)". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on January 16, 2013. Retrieved July 8, 2011. "100 Greatest Artists: Aretha Franklin". Rolling Stone. April 20, 2011. Retrieved May 23, 2013. * "Rolling Stone Magazine′s "100 Greatest Singers"". IMDb. Retrieved August 15, 2018. Whiteside, Philip (August 14, 2018). "Soul singer Aretha Franklin 'seriously ill' and 'surrounded by family' says close source". Sky News. Retrieved August 15, 2018. Tatangelo, Wade (August 16, 2018). "Aretha Franklin remembered by Sarasota's Jerry Wexler, her legendary producer". Sarasota Herald. Retrieved August 23, 2018. Dobkin, Matt (2006). I Never Loved A Man The Way I Love You: Aretha Franklin, Respect, and the Making Of A Soul Music Masterpiece. New York: St Martin's Griffin. ISBN 978-0-312-31828-4. Bego, Mark (1989). Aretha Franklin: The Queen Of Soul. New York: St Martin's Press. p. 108. ISBN 978-0-7090-4053-8. "(249516) Aretha = 2010 CV60". IAU Minor Planet Center. Retrieved April 7, 2015. "'Aretha Franklin Way' street unveiled for tearful Queen of Soul". Detroit Free Press. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 25, 2017. WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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Kaufman, Gil (January 30, 2018). "Jennifer Hudson to Play Aretha Franklin in Biopic: 'U Have No Idea How Humbled I Am'". Billboard. Retrieved

August 16, 2018. Yakas, Ben (August 13, 2018). "All-Star Tribute Concert To Aretha Franklin Coming To Madison Square Garden In November". Gothamist. Archived from the original on August 14, 2018. Retrieved August 13, 2018. "New York University Holds 182nd Commencement at Yankee Stadium". May 21, 2014. "Princeton awards six honorary degrees". Princeton University. June 5, 2012. Retrieved August 17, 2018. Gonzalez, Susan (May 24, 2010). "Yale's 309th Commencement: Pomp, ceremony and r-e-s-p-e-c-t". Yale University. Retrieved August 17, 2018. Nickel, Mark (May 19, 2009). "Aretha Franklin Unable to Attend 241st Commencement Sunday". Brown University. Retrieved August 17, 2018. "Commencement 2007: Commencement Speaker and Honorary Degree Recipients". University of Pennsylvania. March 13, 2007. Retrieved August 17, 2018. "Honorary Degree Recipients". Berklee. Retrieved August 17, 2018. "NEC Honorary Doctor of Music Degree". New England Conservatory. Retrieved August 17, 2018. Fiorillo, Steve (August 16, 2018). "Aretha Franklin's 5 Most Impressive Career Achievements". The Street. Retrieved August 17, 2018. "Aretha Franklin to receive honorary degree Nov. 5". The Daily. October 24, 2011. Retrieved August 23, 2018. Callahan, Yesha (May 29, 2014). "Aretha Franklin Receives Honorary Degree From Harvard University". The Root. Archived from the original on October 6, 2014. Retrieved October 4, 2014.

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ISBN 978-976-96220-5-0 Fabbri, Malin. “Photography”.History of Photographic WordsandSlogans11February,2005.http://www.alternativephotography.com/articles/art039.html Fielding,Ken. Introduction To Television Production, Longman, 1990.De Bono, Edward, (1976) Teaching Thinking, Harmondsworth: Penguin. Digital Photography. Published by Dorling Kindersley Limited in Great Britain. 2002. Donaldson, John K.. The Ordeal of the Longhouse: The Peoples of the Iroquois League in the Era of European Colonization American Studies International, Oct2003, Vol. 41 Issue 3, p109-110, 2p;

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ISBN 978-976-96220-5-0 Hawk, Teresa. Look Who’s Shooting: Tony Hawk, Popular Photography and Image, Volume 68, No. 9, September 2004 pages 15. Heimich, Robert. Michael Molenda, James D.Russell, and Sharon E.Smaldino. Instructional Media and Technologies for Learning. Published by Macmillan Publishing Company.1993. Herschel, Sir John. The Online Etymology Dictionary 2005-02-11. www.etymonline.com/index.php? Term=photograph Hirtle, Peter B.

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Honey, Margaret. and Katherine McMillan Culp Critical Issue: Using Technology to Improve Student Achievement info@ncrel.org 12 March 2006. Hillman, S. Richard, and Thomas J. D’Agostino. Understanding The Contemporary Caribbean: Jamaica: Ian Randle Publishers; 2003. Hopfe. Lewis. Religions of the World: New York: Macmillan Publishing Company; 1987. Houk, James. “Anthropological Theory and the Breakdown of Eclectic Folk Religions”. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, v 35, December 1996, p 442-47. Houk, James. Spirits, Blood, and Drums The Orisha Religion in Trinidad. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1995.Mackay, John (1984), “The Origin of Races,” Creation Ex Nihilo, 6[4]:6-12. Iroquois Constitution.Essential Documents in American History; Essential Documents, 1492-Present, p1, 26p Jones, Steve. An essential reference to communication and technology Encyclopedia of New Media editor, Sage Publications,2003. Jordan, Ricardo. Interviewed in Person. 2006-03-08. K, K.A. The Focal Encyclopaedia of Photography. 1 vol. Focal Press London and New York. Focal Press Limited.1965. Karade, Baba Akinkugbe. Proceedings of The 6th World Congress of Orisha Tradition and Culture, August 15-22, 1999. Printed by Port – of - Spain Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. Kelly, Robin D.G. Reflections in Black. A History of Black Photographers 1840 To Present. Printed in Italy. 2000. Kilgore, Marty. “Using Digital Cameras in the Classroom” Media and Methods 15 February 200. mkilgore.webhostme.com/using.htm Kuhn, Thomas, (1970) The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, Second Edition, Enlarged. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago Laudon, Kenneth C. Carol Guercio Traver, and Jane Price London. Information Technology “Concepts and Issues”Boyd and Fraser Publishing Company (1999)Josh,

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ISBN 978-976-96220-5-0 Lezano,Daniel. The main types of compact. The Compact and Digital Camera Handbook. Marshall Publishing Ltd. 1999. Lewis. Harold, Photography Year-Book 1953 the Press Centre Ltd., 9/10, Old Bailey, London, EC 4 Printed in Great Britain, (1935). Lewis, Linden.

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Greek and Roman Antiquities , Biography, and Geography, Vol.1. Ancient History From The Creation of The World To The Accession of Philip of Macedon.London: Bradbury and Evans, Printers,Whitepraiars https://biblehub.com/commentaries/cambridge/exodus/4.htm A History of The World from the Earliest Records to The Present Time By Philip Smith, B.A., one of the principal contributors to the Dictionaries of Greek and Roman Antiquities , Biography, and Geography, Vol.1. Ancient History From The Creation of The World To The Accession of Philip of Macedon.London: Bradbury and Evans, Printers,Whitepraiars https://www.usnews.com/opinion/articles/2008/09/30/5-words-that-best-describe-john-mccain https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/us-politics/article-war-hero-john-mccain-was-a-maverick-of-us-politics/ https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/literature-and-arts/music-popular-and-jazz-biographies/aretha-franklin https://jamaicans.com/usain-bolt-face-rio-olympics/ http://jcc-good-leadership.tripod.com/id8.html https://www.ukessays.com/essays/ http://www.thekingcenter.org/king-philosophy https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/philosophy-and-religion/roman-catholic-and-orthodox-churches-general-biographies/mother-teresa https://www.historychannel.com.au/this-day-in-history/nazi-olympics-berlin-1936/ http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/ww2_summary_01.shtml#five https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin http://www.thepeoplehistory.com/1986.html https://www.biography.com/people/usain-bolt-20702091 https://www.cleveland.com/entertainment/index.ssf/2018/01/1918_famous_firsts_events_inve.html https://www.biography.com/people/nelson-mandela-9397017 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street_Crash_of_1929 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr. www.thepeoplehistory.com/1910to1919.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mother_Teresa William Anderson Gittens Author Media Arts Specialist c.2018 https://www.agapebiblestudy.com/Exodus/Exodus_Lesson_4.htm https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1350s_BC Herodotus erroneously assigns it to the twelve kings who reigned before Psammetichus. https://books.google.com/books? id=vHABAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA116&lpg=PA116&dq=what+was+happening+1355+BC&source=bl&ots=QhwqH0-7Zv&sig=octJVp5lZAl9Pk4m9Whj LV2PdXo&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiJ8s_G8KvdAhVLoVMKHYWZBtgQ6AEwDHoECAMQAQ#v=onepage&q=what%20was%20happening% 201355%20BC&f=false A History of The World from the Earliest Records to The Present Time By Philip Smith, B.A., one of the principal contributors to the Dictionaries of Greek and Roman Antiquities , Biography, and Geography, Vol.1. Ancient History From The Creation of The World To The Accession of Philip of Macedon.London: Bradbury and Evans, Printers,Whitepraiars http://www.joyfulheart.com/maturity/whats-in-your-hand.htm https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolism_(arts) Balakian, Anna, The Symbolist Movement: a critical appraisal. Random House,967, ch. 2. www.biblemeanings.info/Words/Artifact/Staff.htm https://www.123helpme.com/search.asp?text=vocation https://www.dictionary.com/browse/symbolism http://www.thepeoplehistory.com/1973.html https://www.theatlantic.com/photo/2012/05/50-years-ago-the-world-in-1962/100296/ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/4091599.stm https://www.usnews.com/opinion/articles/2008/09/30/5-words-that-best-describe-john-mccain WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/us-politics/article-war-hero-john-mccain-was-a-maverick-of-us-politics/ https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/literature-and-arts/music-popular-and-jazz-biographies/aretha-franklin https://jamaicans.com/usain-bolt-face-rio-olympics/ http://jcc-good-leadership.tripod.com/id8.html https://www.ukessays.com/essays/ http://www.thekingcenter.org/king-philosophy http://www.sparknotes.com/biography/mlk/summary/ https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/philosophy-and-religion/roman-catholic-and-orthodox-churches-general-biographies/mother-teresa https://www.historychannel.com.au/this-day-in-history/nazi-olympics-berlin-1936/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_McCain http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/ww2_summary_01.shtml#five https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin http://www.thepeoplehistory.com/1986.html https://www.biography.com/people/usain-bolt-20702091 https://www.cleveland.com/entertainment/index.ssf/2018/01/1918_famous_firsts_events_inve.html https://www.biography.com/people/nelson-mandela-9397017 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street_Crash_of_1929 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr. www.thepeoplehistory.com/1910to1919.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mother_Teresa https://www.usnews.com/opinion/articles/2008/09/30/5-words-that-best-describe-john-mccain https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/us-politics/article-war-hero-john-mccain-was-a-maverick-of-us-politics/ https://www.historychannel.com.au/this-day-in-history/nazi-olympics-berlin-1936/ http://time.com/5377698/john-mccain-prisoner-of-war-vietnam/ https://www.businessinsider.com/john-mccain-refused-early-release-as-a-pow-in-vietnam-2018-8 http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/ww2_summary_01.shtml#five https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin Bego 2010, p.1. Ritz 2014, p. 28 Ritz 2014, pp. 23–24. Aretha Franklin". Vanity Fair. 57: 60.994. McAvoy 2002, pp.9–20. Ritz 2014, p. 24. McAvoy 2002, p. 22. McAvoy 2002, pp. 20–21. Dobkin 2006, p. 48. Feiler 2009, p. 248. Reich, Howard (December9, 2012). "Inez Andrews: A towering gospel artist". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved March 20, 2014.; Hevesi, Dennis (December 21, 2012). "Inez Andrews, Gospel Singer, Dies at 83". The New York Times. Retrieved March 20, 2014. Bracks 2012, p. 365. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin#CITEREFRitz2014 Graham, Adam (June 22, 2018). "Aretha Franklin: Lifelong commitment to Detroit". The Detroit news. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin#CITEREFMcAvoy2002 Hoekstra, Dave (May2, 2011). "Aretha Franklin's roots of soul". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on June 22, 2012. Retrieved April8, 2012 Ritz 2014, p. 47. "Pickwick Group Ltd – Aretha Franklin – Songs Of Faith". www.pickwickgroup.com. Retrieved August 22, 2018. WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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"J.V.B./Battle Album Discography". www.bsnpubs.com. Retrieved August 22, 2018. Warner, Jennifer (2014). Respect: The Life and Times of Aretha Franklin. BookCaps Study Guides. pp. 8–9. ISBN 978-1-62917-386-3 Leight, Elias (August6, 2018), "Quincy Jones on Aretha Franklin: 'You Will Reign as the Queen Forever'", Rolling Stone, retrieved August9, 2018 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin#CITEREFRitz2014 Douglas Wolk; David Browne (August6, 2018). "Aretha Franklin, Queen of Soul, Dead at 76". Rolling Stone. Retrieved August6, 2018. “At6, she went on tour with Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., and later sang at his funeral.” Aretha Franklin: Remembering Her Many Ties To Chicago; She Became 'Queen Of Soul' Here". CBS Chicago. August6, 2018. Retrieved August7, 2018. Bracks 2012, p. 365. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin#CITEREFEbony1964 Gilliland, John (1969). "Show 52 – The Soul Reformation: Phase three, soul music at the summit. [Part 8] : UNT Digital Library" (audio). Pop Chronicles. University of North Texas Libraries. Aretha Franklin – chart history". Billboard. Archived from the original on September8, 2016. Lang, Cady (August6, 2018). "Aretha Franklin Had a Huge Impact on the Civil Rights Movement". Time. Retrieved August 21, 2018. http://time.com/5369587/aretha-franklin-civil-rights/ Sandra E. Garcia (August7, 2018). "Aretha Franklin, Civil Rights Stalwart: 'In Her Voice, We Could Feel Our History'". New York Times. Retrieved August 21, 2018. Weaver, Hilary (August6, 2018). "Aretha Franklin's History with Civil Rights, from Martin Luther King Jr. to Barack Obama". Vanity Fair. Retrieved August 21, 2018. Vincent Schilling (August8, 2018). "Suzan Shown Harjo: Remembering a moment in time with the late Aretha Franklin". Indian Country Today. Retrieved August 20, 2018. Vincent Schilling (August8, 2018). "Suzan Shown Harjo: Remembering a moment in time with the late Aretha Franklin". https://www.ajc.com/news/aretha-franklin-used-her-voice-deliver-music-for-social-justice/5yr4uEf2f4jYhAbPOtHBLN/ https://www.ajc.com/By Ernie Suggs Shelia M. Poole https://www.cleveland.com/entertainment/index.ssf/2018/01/1918_famous_firsts_events_inve.html https://www.biography.com/people/nelson-mandela-9397017 https://www.bartleby.com/essay/The-Man-Who-Would-Change-History-Forever-FKJDUU6AVJ https://www.npr.org/2013/12/06/249199217/forgiveness-and-reconciliation-mandelas-legacy www.thepeoplehistory.com/1910to1919.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mother_Teresa https://www.writework.com/essay/mother-teresa-changed-world http://www.gale.com/free_resources/whm/bio/ motherteresa.htm.) https://www.writework.com/essay/mother-teresa-changed-world This Research from Encarta Windows and Macintosh 2002 Comcast corporation.> http://www.thepeoplehistory.com/1986.html https://www.biography.com/people/usain-bolt-20702091 https://www.telegraph.co.uk/athletics/2017/06/10/will-jamaicas-next-usain-bolt/ https://www.eurosport.co.uk/athletics/world-championships/2017/usain-bolt-the-secrets-of-the-man-who-changed-sport-forever_sto6268467/ story.shtmlArticle by Dan Quarrell and Ben Snowball https://www.news18.com/news/olympics/usain-bolt-five-moments-that-make-him-the-best-ever-1281669.html Rio de Janeiro: Five moments that have defined Usain Bolt's career following his victory in the00m here Sunday: Beijing Brilliance http://worldtimeline.info/wor1868.htm https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1869_in_the_United_States https://motivationgrid.com/amazing-paulo-coelho-quotes-change-life/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street_Crash_of_1929 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr. WHAT’S THAT IN YOUR HAND? DEVGRO MEDIA ARTS SERVICES

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http://biography.yourdictionary.com/articles/martin-luther-kings-vision-change-world.html Stewart Russell © September 2018 Millington Douglas John Trevor Operations Manager September 2018 https://www.aconsciousrethink.com/7391/how-to-change-the-world/ https://plus.google.com/103361477333106822034/posts/Dn2bD3coT2Z https://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/martin_luther_king_jr A History of The World from the Earliest Records to The Present Time By Philip Smith, B.A., one of the principal contributors to the Dictionaries of Greek and Roman Antiquities , Biography, and Geography, Vol.1. Ancient History From The Creation of The World To The Accession of Philip of Macedon.London: Bradbury and Evans, Printers,Whitepraiars https://www.thesun.co.uk/tvandshowbiz/7033830/how-aretha-franklin-became-queen-of-soul/ https://nypost.com/2018/08/16/how-aretha-franklin-changed-music-forever/ https://www.azcentral.com/story/opinion/editorial/2018/08/25/john-mccain-legacy-changed-world/954159001/ Walker, Richard. and Robert Walker. Introduction. Exploring Photography: The Goodheart-Willcox Company, Inc. Published 1983 Walters, Kerry S., (1990) "Critical Thinking, Rationality, and the Vulcanization of Students," The Journal of Higher Education, Robert J. Silverman (ed.), OH: Ohio State University Press in Affiliation with the American Association for Higher E www.sivanandadlshq.org/religions/religions.htm webmaster1@adherents.com. Wordnet defines Ownershipwordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn. October 9th, 2005.arner-Lewis, Maureen. Guinea’s Other Suns. Dover: The Majority Press, 1991. W Willing, Si. How To Sell Radio Advertising, published by Tab Books, Pa. U.S.A,1970. Williams,Brian K., Stacey C. Sawyer.

Using Information Technology, “A Practical Introduction to Computers &

Communications.” Irwin

McGraw-Hill, Boston, Mass. 1999.p.3. Williams, K. Brian. Stacey C.Sawyer, Sarah E.Hutchinson. Using Information Technology, “A Practical Introduction to Computers & Communications” Third Ed.Irwin McGraw-Hill, 1999. Williams, Raymond. Culture is a Way of Life www.redpepper.org.uk/cularch/xcult.html - 19k - 12 May 2005. Web definitions for Hierarchy wells.entirety.ca/glossary.htm October 9th, 2005 Education.

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