Table 2 Hamburg Project based Climate Change Initiatives Strategies

The other aims of this competition are also achieving the best quality of urban environment and forestall land use management without addressing climate change effects.

Table 2. Hamburg Project-based Climate Change Initiatives Strategies

Institutional Framework Strategies

Climate Change Mitigation Targets Cut GHG emissions at least 50% by 2020

Climate Change Adaptation Targets Increase the flood prevention standard Improve the quality of the urban environment

Formal Policy Create a rule in investing contract and sales of the land Retain the right to negotiate in the enhancement for ensuring the project pursues the original idea

Inducement and Spontaneous Introduce of Ecolabels: certificates need undermining 30 to 45% of

Factors energy appeal qualifications Increase the information centre of climate change and flood awareness

Positive Results in Environmental All new development areas are built above sea level at least 8 to 8.5 metres as an adaptation and mitigation due to the sea level ascent effect which following to the future climatic schemes report by IPCC Build 24% of public green open space around the city Develop 157 hectares of climate change development projects All dwelling constructions are enforced to obtain gold Ecolabel specifications (Through the informal adjustment of Ecolabel qualification, more than 300,000 m 2 of building has been developed to accomplish the gold requirement within 4 years) 70% of buildings in the east of ‘Magdeburger Hafen’ have accepted the gold Ecolabel standards Create 2 hectares enhancement of public space around the city, 500 m 2 (minimum) of public space at waterfront, and an ingenious heat inventory idea also have been supported by Ecolabel Source: HafenCity Hamburg GmbH, 2010; HafenCity Hamburg GmbH, 2015a; HafenCity Hamburg GmbH, 2015b

To conclude this chapter, both cities receive the same urban natural disaster experience because of climate change effect with severe high floods hazard risk in Bangkok in 2011 and Hamburg in1962. The Bangkok’s flood usually comes only from the river (Chao Phraya River) due to heavy rainfall. Meanwhile, the people who lives in the city of Hamburg is more suffered because flood came from river (Elbe River) and sea level rise also (North Sea). Consequently, both cities have different degree of strategies success for intervening those problems through the government policy such as flood risk management (Bangkok) and sustainability urban project initiatives (Hamburg). In Bangkok, several strategies which made by Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA) are focus on the enhancement of flood protection structural systems such as drainage, tunnels, and water pump stations. In contrast, the Hamburg city government is more focus on the development of design in long-term plan for whole urban quality standard to reduce the climate change effect and flood prevention is included on the policy plan such as increase flood awareness by creating all new areas above sea level at least 8-8.5 metres.

Both Bangkok and Hamburg have developed effective pathways but also provides less opportunity for the community to participate and make those policies need to evaluate again even though the city of Hamburg won the international award in 2011 for the flood mitigation regulation. In Bangkok, the flood prevention strategy through the government policy still need to develop the investment in spatial and adaptive infrastructures (urban detainment and floodproof buildings), community’s flood exposure consciousness, and connection each individuals participation for improving flood vulnerabilities in urban environment. Furthermore, the

collaboration from governmental authorities, private organizations, stakeholders, and

civilizations at all stages is required to mitigate and prevent the flood disaster risk. It becomes an inspiration for the next climate change alleviation policy because all people require to prevent the same disaster. Therefore, those positives case studies climate change and flood avoidance outcomes become references to conceive a better policy for flood prevention in Jakarta, Indonesia.