The Tudors Companion

Page 1

The Tudors Companion From the Showtime

Sixteenth

Century

PDF generated using the open source mwlib toolkit see http://code.pediapress.com/ for more information

to


The Tudors

The Tudors The Tudors is a historical fiction television series created by Michael Hirst. The series is based upon the early reign of English monarch Henry VIII, and is named after the Tudor dynasty.

Production The series is produced by Peace Arch Entertainment for Showtime in association with Reveille Eire (Ireland), Working Title Films (United Kingdom) and the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, and is filmed in Ireland. The first two episodes debuted on DirecTV, Time Warner Cable OnDemand, Netflix, Verizon FiOS On Demand, Internet Movie Database and on the series' website before the official series premiere on Showtime. The Tudors' 1 April 2007 debut was the highest rated Showtime series debut in three years.[1] In April 2007, the show was renewed for a second season,[1] and in that month the BBC announced it had acquired exclusive United Kingdom broadcast rights for the series, which began airing on 5 October 2007. Canada's CBC began airing the show on 2 October 2007.[2] Season 1 is repeating on CBC's digital cable channel Bold beginning in April 2008. Season 2 of The Tudors aired on Showtime in the Spring of 2008, started airing on BBC 2 on 1 August 2008, and will be broadcast on other channels in the fall of 2008. Season 3 of The Tudors premiered on April 5, 2009, with production having begun on 16 June 2008 in Bray, County Wicklow Ireland.[3] [4] Season 3 will air on Irish TV from April 21 on TV3 Ireland[5] . International distribution rights are owned by Sony Pictures Television International.

Overview Season One of The Tudors chronicles the period of Henry VIII's reign in which his effectiveness as King is tested by international conflicts as well as political intrigue in his own court, while the pressure of fathering a male heir compels him to reject his wife Katherine of Aragon[6] for Anne Boleyn. He also has a string of affairs, and fathers a son, Henry, by Elizabeth Blount. Season Two finds Henry as the head of the Church of England, the result of his break with the Catholic Church, which refused to grant him a divorce from Katherine. During his battle with Rome, he secretly marries Anne, who is pregnant. Anne's own failure to produce a son dooms her as Henry's attention sways toward Jane Seymour. Season Three will focus on Henry's marriages to Jane Seymour and Anne of Cleves, and the Pilgrimage of Grace, which he puts down with particular ruthlessness. The season will end with the marriage of Catherine Howard.[7]

2


The Tudors

3

Cast Role

Actor

Seasons

Henry VIII, The King of England

Jonathan Rhys Meyers

1—

Charles Brandon, The Duke of Suffolk

Henry Cavill

1—

Thomas Cardinal Wolsey, The Lord Archbishop of York

Sam Neill

1

Sir Anthony Knivert

Callum Blue

1

Thomas Howard, The Duke of Norfolk

Henry Czerny

1

Margaret Tudor, The Queen of Portugal

Gabrielle Anwar

1

Jane Howard

Slaine Kelly

1

Thomas Cromwell, The Earl of Essex

James Frain

1—

Anne Boleyn

Natalie Dormer

1–2

[6] Katherine of Aragon

Maria Doyle Kennedy

1–2

Thomas More

Jeremy Northam

1–2

Thomas Wyatt

Jamie Thomas King

1–2

Thomas Boleyn, The Earl of Wiltshire

Nick Dunning

1–2

Jane Seymour

Anita Briem

2

Annabelle Wallis

3

Blathnaid McKeown

1

Sarah Bolger

2—

Thomas Cranmer, The Archbishop of Canterbury

Hans Matheson

2

Pope Paul III, The Bishop of Rome

Peter O'Toole

2

Jane Boleyn, Viscountess of Rochford

Joanne King

2–3

Anne of Cleves

Joss Stone

3

Anne Stanhope

Emma Hamilton

3

Earl of Shrewsbury

Gavin O'Connor

3

Sir Francis Bryan

Alan van Sprang

3

Otto Truchsess von Waldburg

Max von Sydow

3

Sire John Hutton

Roger Ashton-Griffiths

3

Robert Aske

Gerard McSorley

3

Reginald Cardinal Pole, The Archbishop of Canterbury

Mark Hildreth

3

Princess Mary

Episodes Season

# of episodes

Season premiere

Season finale

Season 1

10

April 1, 2007

June 10, 2007

Season 2

10

March 30, 2008

June 1, 2008

Season 3

10

April 5, 2009

TBA, 2009


The Tudors

Departures from history Events in the series differ from events as they actually happened in history. Liberties are taken with character names, relationships, physical appearance and the timing of events.[8] As creator Hirst noted, "Showtime commissioned me to write an entertainment, a soap opera, and not history ... And we wanted people to watch it."[9] He added that some changes were made for production considerations and some to avoid viewer confusion, and that "any confusion created by the changes is outweighed by the interest the series may inspire in the period and its figures."[9] Time is conflated in the series, giving the impression that things happened closer together than they actually did or along a different timeline. By the time of most of the events in this series, King Henry VIII was already in his mid-to-late 30s and at least a decade older than Anne Boleyn; they were not married until he was in his early 40s. In The Tudors, the two are cast younger (and seemingly closer in age) and the courtship lasts about ten episodes.[9] Historically, Cardinal Wolsey died in Leicester en route to London to answer charges of treason, while in the series he is imprisoned and commits suicide (though the fictional Henry insists that this be covered up).[9] Wolsey's death came in 1530, three years before the death of Henry's sister; in the series, the two events are juxtaposed. The character of Henry's sister, called "Princess Margaret" in the series, is actually a composite of his two sisters: the life events of his youngest sister, Princess Mary Tudor, coupled with the name of his eldest sister, Margaret Tudor, to avoid confusion with Henry's daughter, Mary I of England.[9] [10] Historically, Henry's sister Princess Mary first married the French King Louis XII. The union lasted approximately three months, until his death; Louis was succeeded by his cousin Francis I, who was married to Louis' daughter Claude of France. Mary subsequently married Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk. As The Tudors begins, Henry is already negotiating a peace treaty with Francis; the series' Princess Margaret thus marries the Portuguese king, who lives only a few days until she smothers him in his sleep.[9] [11] By the time of the events of this series, the historical Brandon (who was already in his early 40s) and Princess Mary were long married with three children. Henry's eldest sister, Margaret Tudor, was actually married to King James IV of Scotland and became the grandmother of Mary, Queen of Scots. While Bessie Blount was famously one of Henry VIII's mistresses and did give Henry an illegitimate son (Henry FitzRoy), historically her son did not die as a small child, but instead at the age of 17 in 1536. Blount was also not married until after the birth of FitzRoy. The papal politics depicted in the first several episodes of the series also have no clear relation to actual events. A Pope Alexander is depicted as on his deathbed at the time of the Field of the Cloth of Gold meeting between Henry and Francis (in 1520), whereas the actual pope at that time, Leo X, died suddenly at the very end of 1521, and there had not been a pope named Alexander since 1503, before the beginning of Henry's reign. A Cardinal Orsini is depicted as being elected following the death of the fictional Alexander; in history, Adrian of Utrecht was elected to succeed Leo and, following his death just a year later, was succeeded by Cardinal Medici, who as Pope Clement VII would refuse to permit Henry's divorce. Historically, William Brereton did not confess to adultery with Queen Anne and was not a Papal agent, as depicted in the series. He was in fact a wealthy magnate who had large landholdings in the Welsh Marches, where he was ruthless and unpopular, and is believed to have been accused due to Thomas Cromwell's desire to remove a festering political

4


The Tudors

5

problem.[12] Brereton's assassination attempt on Anne during her coronation procession was also invented by the series.

Reception The premiere of The Tudors' on 1 April 2007 was the highest rated Showtime series debut in three years,[1] and on 23 March 2008 The New York Times called The Tudors a "steamy period drama ... which critics could take or leave but many viewers are eating up."[9] A 28 March 2008 review also by the Times said that the series "fails to live up to the great long-form dramas cable television has produced" largely because "it radically reduces the era's thematic conflicts to simplistic struggles over personal and erotic power."[8] Another online review site described it as "essentially, a 1500s Hollyoaks."[13]

Ratings U.S.ratings Season 1: The series premiere at 10 p.m. drew almost 870,000 viewers, according to Nielsen Media Research. Coupled with the 404,000 viewers that tuned in the hour immediately following, Showtime averaged 1.3 million viewers for the show’s debut night, the most since Fat Actress in March 2005. The 10 p.m. bow outperformed the inaugural linear screenings for Weeds and Dexter, the network’s leading comedy and drama, by 78% in August 2005 and 44% in October 2006, respectively. The series also proved its mettle opener in the digital realm, earning a combined 1 million views online and on-demand via cable affiliates and through Sho.com, and such partners as Yahoo, MSN, Netflix and IMDB. the numbers exclude contributions from AOL, DirecTV and Dish Network. [14] Season 2: Showtime’s June 3, 2008 second-season climax of The Tudors ended with a ratings bang. The episode drew 852,000 viewers for its sophomore finale, 83% above the 465,000 viewers that tuned into the show’s season-one finale, Showtime officials said. The 9 p.m. telecast is also the second-highest for the series, trailing only the 964,000 viewers for the show’s April 1, 2007 debut. The season-two finale, along with an 11 p.m. replay, drew a combined 1 million viewers, 59% above last year’s 668,000 combined audience for last year’s finale (10 p.m. and 11 p.m.). [15]

Media releases DVD Name

Release dates Region 1 Canada

Season One

Ep # Additional Information

8 January 2008

Region 2 United States [16]

10 December [17] 2007

10

The four discs box set includes all 10 episodes. Bonus features include commentary tracks on selected episodes. There is an special edition in United Kingdom, with a headless picture for the cover, exclusive of [18] Amazon.co.uk. This season was also [19] released on Blu-ray in Region 2.


The Tudors

Season Two

6

11 November [20] 2008

6 January [21] 2009

13 October [22] 2008

10

The four disc box set includes all 10 episodes. Bonus features include commentary tracks on selected episodes, as well as other featurettes. This season will be also released [23] on Blu-ray in Region 2.

An original soundtrack with music composed by Trevor Morris was released by Varese Sarabande on 11 December 2007.

Awards/Nominations The Tudors was nominated for the Golden Globe for Best Drama Series in 2007. Jonathan Rhys Meyers was also nominated for the Best Actor in a Television Drama Golden Globe for his role.[24] The series was nominated for eight Irish Film and Television Awards in 2008 and won seven, including Best Drama Series, acting awards for Jonathan Rhys Meyers (Lead Actor), Nick Dunning (Supporting Actor) and Maria Doyle Kennedy (Supporting Actress), and craft awards for Costume Design, Production Design and Hair/Makeup.[25] Brian Kirk was also nominated for Directing, but lost to Lenny Abrahamson of Prosperity. The series won the 2008 Emmy Award for Best Costume Design, and later six awards at the Irish Film and Television Awards in 2009.

Notes [1] [http:/ / www. variety. com/ article/ VR1117963026. html?categoryid=14& cs=1 "Showtime's Tudors continues reign." Variety.] 12 April 2007. Retrieved 12 May 2008. [2] [http:/ / www. thestar. com/ entertainment/ Television/ article/ 261401 "A slightly neutered Tudors." The Toronto Star.] 28 September 2007. Retrieved 12 May 2008. [3] [http:/ / money. cnn. com/ news/ newsfeeds/ articles/ marketwire/ 0390385. htm "Peace Arch(R) Entertainment Announces Renewal of Hit Series The Tudors." Money.CNN.com] 24 April 2008. Retrieved 12 May 2008. [4] [http:/ / tvdecoder. blogs. nytimes. com/ 2008/ 04/ 22/ showtime-orders-season-three-of-the-tudors/ "Showtime Orders Season Three of The Tudors." The New York Times.] 22 April 2008. Retrieved 12 May 2008. [5] http:/ / www. tv3. ie/ pr_sub. php?type=1& view_pr=34 [6] As established by the series credits and character list on the official website (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20071229221715/ http:/ / www. sho. com/ site/ tudors/ characters. do), the character's name is spelled Katherine with a "K" in contrast to the English language spelling "Catherine" usually used for the actual historical figure. [7] Entertainment Weekly, December 9, 2008 (http:/ / ausiellofiles. ew. com/ 2008/ 12/ ask-ausiello--1. html?iid=top25-Ask+ Ausiello:+ Spoilers+ on+ 'One+ Tree+ Hill,'+ 'Bones,'+ 'SVU,'+ 'Rescue+ Me,'+ 'House,'+ 'Psych,'+ 'Grey's+ Anatomy,'+ 'Pushing+ Daisies,'+ 'Heroes,'+ and+ More!) [8] Bellafante, Ginia. [http:/ / www. nytimes. com/ 2008/ 03/ 28/ arts/ television/ 28tudo. html?_r=1& oref=slogin "Nasty, but Not So Brutish and Short." The New York Times.] 28 March 2008. Retrieved 1 August 2008. [9] Gates, Anita. [http:/ / query. nytimes. com/ gst/ fullpage. html?res=9A00E2DD1438F930A15750C0A96E9C8B63& sec=& spon=& & scp=4& sq=tudors%20eating%20it%20up& st=cse "The Royal Life (Some Facts Altered)." The


The Tudors New York Times.] 23 March 2008. Retrieved 1 August 2008. [10] Stanley, Alessandra. [http:/ / www. nytimes. com/ 2007/ 03/ 30/ arts/ television/ 30tudo. html "Renaissance Romping With Henry and His Rat Pack." The New York Times.] 30 March 2007. Retrieved 12 May 2008. [11] It should be noted that there is no historical evidence or indication that Henry's sister Mary Tudor contributed to the death of Louis XII. In addition, at the time of Mary's marriage to Louis XII, the King of Portugal was 45-year-old Manuel I, who was himself then married to Eleanor of Habsburg. [12] Ives, Eric (2005). 'The Life and Death of Anne Boleyn'. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. pg. 332-356.. [13] [http:/ / www. thetartpaper. com/ ents. php?id=1423 The Tart Paper - BBC's The Tudors Review] [14] http:/ / www. multichannel. com/ article/ 128559-_Tudors_Reign_In_Premiere_On_Showtime. php [15] http:/ / www. multichannel. com/ article/ 102121-Showtime_s_Tudors_Finale_Commands_Viewers. php [16] [http:/ / www. amazon. com/ dp/ B000P12LWY The Tudors: The Complete First Season - Amazon.com] [17] [http:/ / www. amazon. co. uk/ dp/ B000VU0KFY/ The Tudors: Complete BBC Series 1 Amazon.co.uk] [18] [http:/ / www. amazon. co. uk/ dp/ B000XQ7QDA The Tudors: Complete BBC Series 1 (Limited Edition 'Headless' Sleeve) - Amazon.co.uk] [19] [http:/ / www. amazon. co. uk/ dp/ B000VU0KGI The Tudors: Complete BBC Series 1 (Blu-ray) - Amazon.co.uk] [20] [http:/ / www. futureshop. ca/ catalog/ proddetail. asp?sku_id=0665000FSM2158364& catid=11021& logon=& langid=EN The Tudors: The Complete Second Season Futureshop.ca] [21] The Tudors DVD news: Delay for The Tudors - The Complete 2nd Season TVShowsOnDVD.com (http:/ / www. tvshowsondvd. com/ news/ Tudors-Season-2-Delayed/ 10852) [22] [http:/ / www. amazon. co. uk/ dp/ B001D40U66/ The Tudors: Complete BBC Series 2 Amazon.co.uk] [23] [http:/ / www. amazon. co. uk/ dp/ B001D40U6Q The Tudors: Complete BBC Series 2 (Blu-ray) - Amazon.co.uk] [24] "Hollywood Foreign Press Association 2008 Golden Globe Awards For The Year Ended 31 December 2007" (http:/ / www. goldenglobes. org/ news/ id/ 81). HFPA. 2007. http:/ / www. goldenglobes. org/ news/ id/ 81. Retrieved on 2007-12-13. [25] The Irish Film & Television Awards: 2008 Winners - IFTA.ie (http:/ / www. ifta. ie/ winners08/ index. htm) Retrieved 12 March 2008.

7


The Tudors

References • Davies, Norman. The Isles: A History. Oxford Univ. Press, USA, 2001. • Ives, Eric. The Life and Death of Anne Boleyn. Wiley-Blackwell, 2005.

See also • → List of The Tudors characters • → List of The Tudors episodes • The Six Wives of Henry VIII

External links • Official website (http:/ / www. sho. com/ site/ tudors/ home. do) • [http:/ / www. imdb. com/ title/ tt0758790/ The Tudors ] at the Internet Movie Database • [http:/ / www. tv. com/ show/ 69029/ summary. html The Tudors] at TV.com • Tudors Wiki (http:/ / tudorswiki. sho. com) • [http:/ / www. patrolmag. com/ arts/ 361/ henry-fussy What The Tudors gets right about history] Source: http:/ / en. wikipedia. org/ w/ index. php? oldid=283222585 Contributors: AEMoreira042281, Aislingyngaio, Aitias, Alancampbell64, Alansohn, Aliziry, Alli525, Almeida Tony, Angliciste 1066, Archaios86, Audrelations, Bachrach44, Bazj, Bearcat, Beardo, Bencey, Bevo, Bevo74, Blanchardb, Bobo192, Bradleykorn, Briangotts, Brookeormian, Brusegadi, Bupasival, CKarnstein, CSwarn27, Camw, Candlewicke, Captain-tucker, Chadoz, Chiboyers, Chris b shanks, Chuq, Corrections123, CubBC, DJAlik, Daaviiid, Danbarnesdavies, Davehi1, David Gerard, DavidRF, Deb, Delvakooki, Depressed Marvin, Discospinster, DivineLady, Dk2234, Donmccullen, Dreamalynn, Estiveo, Evans1982, Evil Monkey, Exeunt, Extraordinary Machine, FMAFan1990, Faigl.ladislav, Falastur2, Funkyvoltron, Furrykef, Gobeirne, Gugganij, Gunray, Hera1aphrodite, Hopkapi, Huangdi, Iamthedeus, Ian Cheese, Ilss09, Indoigga, Informed Owl, J. Van Meter, JBsupreme, JQF, JRRobinson, JSagor1, Jack Cox, Jeanne boleyn, Jhobson1, Jihg, John Kenney, Joshfriel, Jppourcelot, JzG, K-80did, KazSmurf, Kbdank71, Kc007, Ke Don, Kevs, Kronix1986, LOL, Liferoxs10, Lilchen, Litalex, Lord Cornwallis, Lubsey, MZMcBride, Madchester, Maquirri91, Mark Hasker, Mdebets, Me myself & er, MishaPan, Missarov, Missed, Morhange, Mouret, Movieguru2006, Movieman2, Mykas0, NYScholar, Naddy, Neckchair, Neddyseagoon, Nfitz, Nimrodcd, Nirvanarox55, NorthernThunder, OS2Warp, Oda Mari, Opark 77, Pegship, Pepponde, Peter Isotalo, PeterSymonds, Phoenix79, Piscesnikki, Pmedema, Polkmin, Quenek, RR, Redbarronalpha1, Redl@nds597198, Rhymeswithorange9, Rigger30, Robert Moore, Robertburr12, Robsinden, Royalcello, Rray, SamBamJellyJam, Scott.kelley, Scrutchfield, Seat42f, Shikinluv, Simhedges, Snek01, Stackers, Steam5, TAnthony, TDMcKenzie, Takeshi316, The undertow, TheCatWhisperer, TheRetroGuy, TheRhani, TheTudors77, Thessaly, Tj21, Torourkeus, Tvoz, UDScott, UJohnnyZephyr, UKintheUS, Vagary, Valenciano, VideoRanger2525, Vijay51, Virgosky, WOSlinker, WestEgg daytripper, Widadita, WilliamBarrett, Worc63, XEvex, Yllosubmarine, Ynhockey, Youaresocool, Youknowthisballin, Zackarcher, 327 anonymous edits

8


List of The Tudors characters

9

List of The Tudors characters The following is a list of characters from the Showtime television series → The Tudors.

Contract The main cast are listed in credits order. Character name

Portrayed by

Historical basis

First appearance

Last appearance

Notes

King Henry VIII

Jonathan Rhys Meyers (2007-)

Henry VIII of England

Episode 1.01

The young, virile king of one of the most powerful nations in the world, King Henry VIII of England seems to have it all. However, he is troubled by religious unrest in his own kingdom, as well as political struggles and changing allegiances with other countries. And weighing most on his mind is his failure thus far to produce a male heir with his Queen, Katherine of Aragon; she is all that a Queen should be, and popular with the people, but the difficult pursuit of a divorce approved by the Pope becomes a seductive option. when he meets, falls in love with and later seduces Anne Boleyn. Determined that Anne will be his wife and will provide him with the legitimate son he so desperatley craves Henry seperates himself from his wife and the catholic faith. Causing friction with the pope and a clash of religious opinions. Above all Henry is spoilt and indulged and after he marries Anne he will not allow anyone to contradict him, having tasted and intoxicating sample of absolute power. So when he fails in his attempts to have a son with her is quick to lay the blame at Annes door and by chance meets Jane Seymour, the polar opposite of Anne. Convicned his future lies with Jane Henry grabs the chance to rid of the troublesome Anne when his lontime friend Charls Brandon tells him rumours suggest Anne has been unfaithfull. Anne is quickly put to trial, found guilty and executed. Henry wastes no time in marrying Jane but his marital reputation proeeds him and he is a powerfull and dangerous soveriegn and critises Jane soon after their wedding for not being pregnant and soon resumes his phillandering ways withthe new Queens Maid Ursula Misseldon. He welcomes his duaghter Mary to court after he makes her renounce the last thing she hold dear, her faith, but not befor terrifying her into a faiting fit by letting her know he was considering executing her for her intransigence.

Cardinal Wolsey

Sam Neill (2007)

Thomas Cardinal Wolsey

Episode 1.01

Episode 1.10

Cardinal Thomas Wolsey of York is King Henry VIII's primary and most trusted advisor, but the Cardinal's personal power (and influence over the King) has aroused the ire of several noblemen in Henry's court, and even Queen Katherine herself. He desperatley tries to find a way for Henry to free himself of his marriage but fails which his enemies pounce on. He is subsequenlty arrested for treason against the King and commits suicide by slashing his neck during prayer. His name is mentioned again in the seventh episode of season two by Anne, alluding to his charitable work when she reprimands Cromwell for being greedy with assets taken from dissolved abbeys.

Sir Anthony Knivert

Callum Blue (2007)

Thomas Knyvett

Episode 1.01

Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk

Episode 1.01

Longtime friend to King Henry VIII; still alive.

Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk

Henry Cavill (2007-)

Episode 1.10(?)


List of The Tudors characters

10

Longtime friend to King Henry VIII, although he briefly fell from grace when he secretly married Henry's widowed sister, Princess Margaret, after her brief stint as the Queen of Portugal. He then struck up an alliance with the Duke of Norfolk and Viscount Rochford in order to return to court, and together, brought about the downfall of Cardinal Wolsey. He is seen as a playboy in the show's first season, but has settled down and married Catherine Willoughby in the second season. He hates the new queen with a passion and has quarrels with the Boleyn family, mainly directing his rage at his onetime ally, Thomas. In the second season finale he becomes physically violent with Thomas Boleyn, as he is horrified that Boleyn has allowed his want of power to cause the death of his children Anne and George.

Henry Czerny (2007-)

Duke of Norfolk

Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk

Episode 1.01

Episode 1.10

Uncle of Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII's fifth wife, Catherine Howard. He is very arrogant about his background, and he is the archnemesis of Cardinal Wolsey. He and his brother-in-law conspired to maneuver his niece, Anne Boleyn, into Henry's bed to gain his ear so as to denounce the Cardinal. Together, and later with the addition of Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, they engineered first Wolsey's fall from grace, then his arrest (and indirectly, his subsequent death), and was jointly appointed with Suffolk to be the president of the Privy Council. Norfolk does not appear in season 2, although, in history, he would have still been alive during the events which transpired in that series.

Natalie Dormer (2007-2008)

Anne Boleyn

Anne Boleyn

Episode 1.01

Episode 2.10

Daughter of Thomas Boleyn, and sister of George and Mary Boleyn. She had a brief chaste love affair with poet Thomas Wyatt, although that romance was terminated when Anne was sent to be a lady-in-waiting to Queen Katherine, and as a pawn of her father and uncle's schemes to ruin Cardinal Wolsey. She attracted Henry VIII's attention at the masquerade where she, along with Henry's sister Margaret, played one of the graces. By her father's orders, she continually put herself in Henry's way, till Henry was so enamoured of her that he vowed he would take her as his only mistress if she would give herself to him. Anne, remembering how her sister was thrown aside after Henry tired of her, refused him, saying that she was saving her virginity for her eventual husband, causing Henry, already at odds with Queen Katherine for failing to produce a living son, to consider annulment or divorce. She admits to her father that while she didn't like the role of sacrificial lamb at first, she was growing to love Henry. At first the relationship was a secret, but more and more Henry honoured her as his consort rather than Katherine. The delay of the annulment proceedings frustrated Henry, and Anne used this opportunity to blame Wolsey for the delay, leaving him when she felt that the proceedings will never come to fruition. She also gradually turned him in favour of Protestantism so that, as head of the church in his realm, he could finally divorce Katherine without referring to the Roman Church. The second season sees Anne reach the peak of her power. She is taken to France to meet the Franch King Francis as the future Queen and sleeps with Henry and thus conceives a child who she is confident will be a boy. Anne and Henrys hopes are dashed when she gives birth to a dughter, Elizabeth, which sets in motion the Act of Succession. She is more or less manipulated by her father to do everything to win Henry's love (which becomes evident after her miscarriage of her second child). She allows Henry to disinherit his daughter Mary but tries to build bridges with her but only if Mary accepts her as queen, an offer which Mary rebuffs. Anne becomes desperate to conceive a son and miscaries twich and is accused of witchcraft. Henry removes Elizabeth from the line of succession, convinced she is not his daughter, and sentences Anne to execution by beheading.

Katherine of Aragon

[1]

Maria Doyle Kennedy (2007-2008)

Catherine of Aragon

Episode 1.01

Youngest child of Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain, Katherine is the first wife and queen consort

Episode 2.07


List of The Tudors characters

11

of Henry VIII, she was once married to Henry's older brother, Arthur, but that marriage was never consummated. Most of her children with Henry VIII were either miscarried or they died in infancy; her one surviving child was her daughter, Princess Mary. Because of her seeming inability to give him a son, Henry was worried that a queen regnant might throw England back to the days of civil war, as when the Empress Mathilda, daughter of Henry I, ascended the throne. And with the War of the Roses still fresh on his mind, he was determined to have a legitimate son to pass his throne to. He therefore preferred to believe that Katherine lied when she swore that her previous marriage was never consummated and that therefore his marriage to her was incestous and illegal. Katherine was very lonely at court, her only friend was the ambassador of Spain, as Cardinal Wolsey dismissed her Spanish ladies-in-waiting for fear that they were spies for the Holy Roman Emperor. Nevertheless, she always does her duty as Queen of England admirably, even mingling with and donating to the common people after church services, and she is loved by the English people despite her Spanish background. She is banished to spend her final days at the house "The More", without any contact from the king's staff or her daughter Mary. She is last seen dictating her will on her deathbed, read both aloud and, intercutting with, by a mournful Henry VIII; Anne smiles upon hearing the news and states that "Now I'm truly queen."

Thomas Boleyn

Nick Dunning (2007-2008)

Thomas Boleyn, 1st Earl of Wiltshire

Episode 1.01

Episode 2.10

Father of George, Mary, and Anne Boleyn, and brother-in-law to the Duke of Norfolk. Thomas Boleyn was the English ambassador to France, and sees his daughters only as a means to an end. He encouraged Mary when she caught the eye of Henry VIII, and when Henry tired of her, decided to use his other daughter, Anne as a tool to achieve power. Together with Norfolk and Suffolk, he engineered Cardinal Wolsey's downfall, and are now jointly handling the country's affairs. It is somewhat revealed in the second season of his true intention as he is manipulating his youngest daughter Anne into power. Thomas Boleyn is arrested in the conspiracy along with others, but is granted a reprieve by the king on the account that he never returns to court again or face death. Rather than watching his daughter die at the hands of the executioner, Thomas decides to leave court forever.

Thomas Cromwell

James Frain (2007-)

Thomas Cromwell, 1st Earl of Essex

Episode 1.04

Although Thomas Cromwell was elevated by Cardinal Wolsey after the king's secretary was removed (see Richard Pace), he was secretly the ally of the Boleyn family. He is also the man who introduces Anne Boleyn to Lutheranism, which she subsequently introduced to Henry VIII. In the second season, Cromwell rises to the position of head chancellor after the spot was relinquished by Thomas More. Although More is later beheaded for refusing to acknowledge Henry as supreme chancellor, Cromwell takes a sympatethic approach towards him; he also orders swift and necessary action when allegations arise regarding Queen Anne Boleyn (which leads to her ultimate downfall). Cromwell is depicted as being cold, ruthless and calculating, as well as harbouring a will to utterly destroy, rather than reform, the Catholic Church in England.

Thomas More

Jeremy Northam (2007-2008)

Thomas More

Episode 1.01

Episode 2.05

Longtime friend of Henry VIII, Sir Thomas is a pious humanist who abhors war and tried to advise Henry against it. He nevertheless believes that stern action is required to combat the rise of Lutheranism. During his stint as Lord Chancellor after Wolsey, he burned six people found guilty of heresy, although he offered them the chance to recant. After it became apparent that the king was also changing his attitude towards Roman Catholicism, he was very worried and finally recalled that Wolsey once told him that he should have told the king what he ought to do, not what he can do, for "if the lion knows his own strength, no man could control him". He is married with four children (three daughters and a son). In the second season, he agrees with the king's private marriage to Anne Boleyn, but is beheaded when More doesn't recognize Henry as head supremacy of the church. Henry's guilt and remorse over More's death continues in the next episode, as he comes to the realization that his marriage to Anne caused his death (and that Anne herself killed him).

Thomas Cranmer

Hans Matheson (2007)

Thomas Cranmer

Episode 2.01


List of The Tudors characters

12

The Archbishop of Canterbury who was involved in handing the dispute over Henry's marriage of Katherine of Aragon as being "null and void" and recognize Anne Boleyn as the new queen, having everybody swear an oath to recognize their new queen. However depsite his devotion to her he is forced to rreliquish the mutual desire for a reformed faith when Anne falls from favour. He takes her last confession in the tower and breaks the news to her that Elizabeth is to be declared illigitimate but promises her that he will endevour to keep her in the Kings "good and kind graces"

Pope Paul III

Peter O' Toole (2008)

Pope Paul III

Episode 2.01

The Pope of the Roman Catholic Church who declares Henry's marriage to Anne Boleyn obselete, along with ex-communicating Henry from ever attending mass. He sends a "Soldier in Christ" to assassinate the new queen, with the promise that he will gain access into heaven no matter if it succeeds or fails. Paul is outraged and denounces the executions of both Bishop Fisher and Thomas More. Is seen in eight of the ten season two episodes.

Jane Seymour

Anita Briem (2008) Annabelle Wallis (2009-)

Jane Seymour

Episode 2.07 (Briem) Episode 3.01 (Wallis)

Episode 2.10 (Briem)

Henry's new mistress whom he takes extreme liking to after Anne Boleyn fails to produce an heir for his throne. She accepts the king's proposal and quickly moves in the queen's quarters. Henry briefly sends her away while the matter of Anne Boleyn is resolved, but later proposes to her in front of her father, John. She marries Henry only days after Annes execution and quickly sets about making good her promise to show favour to Henrys out of favour daughter Mary who she takes under wing when she is brought back to court.

Sir Francis Bryan

Alan van Sprang (2009)

Francis Bryan

Episode 3.01

Bryan has a reputation as a rake and a libertine and is known as The Vicar of Hell. He is also an accomplice in the king's extramarital affairs. He takes an instant attraction to Lady Ursula Misseldon and quickly becomes her lover

Robert Aske

Gerard McSorley (2009)

Robert Aske

Episode 3.01

Aske is disgruntled catholic who opposes to the supression of the monastries and is the leader of the Pilgrimage of Grace.

Cardinal von Waldburg

Max von Sydow (2009)

Otto Truchsess von Waldburg

Episode 3.01

More info needed

Recurring Character name Notes

Portrayed by

Historical basis

First appearance

Last appearance


List of The Tudors characters

Duke of Buckingham

Steven Waddington (2007)

13 Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham

Episode 1.01

Episode 1.02

Direct descendant of Edward II, Buckingham was often complaining to Norfolk that the crown of England should be his and not Henry VIII. He also hates Cardinal Wolsey. After unsuccessfully humiliating Wolsey, he recklessly planned assassinating Henry. However, this plan was reported by Thomas Boleyn, whom Buckingham tried to recruit, to the Cardinal. Buckingham was subsequently tried and convicted for treason, and beheaded. He left behind a daughter, who had a brief romance with Charles Brandon (also one of the reasons he was at odds with Henry since the latter refused to punish Brandon).

Anna Buckingham Hastings

Anna Brewster (2007)

Anne Hastings née Stafford, Countess of Huntingdon

Episode 1.01

Episode 1.08

The Duke of Buckingham's daughter was the former lover of Charles Brandon, and catalyst for her father's attempted assassination of the King of England. She later becomes the common law wife of William Compton, and dies in the dreaded sweating sickness epidemic along with him.

Princess Margaret Tudor

Gabrielle Anwar (2007)

Mary Tudor, Queen of France

Episode 1.03

Episode 1.09

Engaged to the elderly King of Portugal, this fiesty sister to King Henry VIII asks her brother to reconsider the match. He refuses, and she is further irritated that he has chosen his common-born friend Charles Brandon to accompany her to Portugal and present her to her future husband. Margaret then pressures Henry to agree that, once her husband is dead, she may marry whomever she chooses. He seems to concede, and Brandon proves an interesting distraction on the long sea voyage. She died of consumption.

William Compton

Kristen Holden-Ried (2007)

William Compton

Episode 1.01

Episode 1.08

Longtime friend to King Henry VIII. He had a common law wife, but also had a romance with Thomas Tallis. He was the first to catch the sweating sickness and die of it.

Thomas Tallis

Joe Van Moyland (2007-)

Thomas Tallis

Episode 1.01

Episode 1.10?

Young composer Thomas Tallis comes to London with good references and secures a position with the Chapel Royal. He soon attracts the attention of Sir William Compton, a close friend of King Henry VIII. After William died, he tried to court two sisters.

Ambassador Mendoza

Declan Conlon (2007)

Iñigo López de Mendoza y Zúñiga

Episode 1.03

Episode 1.09

The Spanish ambassador to England, Mendoza serves as a link between Queen Katherine and her nephew, Charles V, as her letters are being opened by Cardinal Wolsey. He is also the one friend Katherine has at court, since her Spanish ladies-in-waiting were dismissed by Wolsey, and her English ladies-in-waiting were either bribed or seduced by the Cardinal, to say nothing of being seduced by the king himself. He bore the brunt of Henry VIII's attack when Charles V broke the treaty between England and Spain by setting free Francis I of France without consulting Henry, as Charles's ally, and also marrying Isabella of Portugal when he is betrothed to Princess Mary. He is promoted by Charles and send home to Spain, leaving the issue of Queen Katherine and King Henry's divorce to the new ambassador to handle. But, informs Queen Katherine of his leave and comfort hers in telling her his replace is an even better man than he is at these issues.

Bishop John Fisher

Bosco Hogan (2007)

Bishop John Fisher

Episode 1.05

Episode 2.05


List of The Tudors characters

14

Bishop of Rochester and legal counsel to Katherine. Historically, he was confessor and good friend to Henry's mother, and one of few men who little feared him. He suffered terribly for his convictions. He was created Cardinal for his steadfastness and was later canonized in the Roman Catholic church. His feast day is the same as Saint Thomas More.

Mary Boleyn

Perdita Weeks (2007-2008)

Mary Boleyn

Episode 1.01

Episode 2.05

Daughter of Thomas Boleyn and sister to George and Anne Boleyn. Also the onetime mistress to King Henry VIII. Seen more as a recurring character in the show's second season, although she is banished from court after revealing her secret marriage.

Lady Elizabeth Blount

Ruta Gedmintas (2007)

Elizabeth Blount

Episode 1.01

Episode 1.05

Married mistress to King Henry VIII, and mother to his first (though illegitimate) son who survived infancy. He dies in the fifth episode at the young age of four, as both her and the King weep over the loss. (Her son's death contradicts history, as her son survived through his teenage years.)

Richard Pace

Matt Ryan (2007)

Richard Pace

Episode 1.01

Episode 1.04

A widower who was the secretary of Henry VIII. He was framed by Cardinal Wolsey of spying for the French, and sentenced to the London Tower. He lost his mental facilities before he was released from the Tower.

George Boleyn

Padraic Delaney (2007-2008)

George Boleyn, Viscount Rochford

Episode 1.04

Episode 2.09

Son of Thomas Boleyn and brother to Mary and Anne Boleyn. George benefits greatly from Annes rise and revels in his new found power.Despite his womanising way George has a clandestine affair with the court musician. Upon his sister falls george is caught in the storm and is accused of incest with Anne, which is later supported by his abused and neglected wife Jane. He treason in episode 9 of series 2 but is mentioned briefly in series 3 when Queen Jane Seymour asks his widow back to court blaming George for his own demise.

Princess Mary Tudor

Blathnaid McKeown (2007) Sarah Bolger (2008-)

Mary I of England

Episode 1.01 (McKeown) Episode 2.03 (Bolger)

Episode 1.07 (McKeown)

Daughter and only surviving child of King Henry VIII and Katherine of Aragon. Was once betrothed to the Dauphin of France, her cousin, Charles V of Spain, and Francis I's youngest son, the Duke of OrlĂŠans. After Henry's illegitimate son received titles and his own household, she too received her household, but far away in the Welsh marshes, under the care of her lady governess, Lady Salisbury. After the annulment of her parents' marriage, she was known only as "Lady Mary", and any contact with her mother was forbidden. When her sister Elizabeth was born Mary was expelled from Court, her servants dismissed from her service, and she was forced to serve as a lady-in-waiting. Mary's place in the line of succession was also transferred to Elizabeth. Mary is relieved when she learns that her future stepmother, Jane Seymour, hopes to convince the King to restore her to the succession. and is relived at Annes death. She is forced to reliquish her faith in series 3 to save her life and after agonzing decides to agree. She is welcomed back to court by her father and new stepmother. She is a niave girl who does not recognise dirty talk even when asked by her fathers aid in jest.

Lady Jane Rochford

Joanne King (2008-2009)

Jane Boleyn, Viscountess Rochford

Episode 2.07


List of The Tudors characters

15

Wife of George Boleyn and thus sister in law of Queen Anne and King Henry. She is abused by George as he feels no affection for her at all. She tries to win his love but is frustrated by his affairs and disgusted when she learns of his affair with Mark Smeaton. She is spared in the fall of the Boleyns by giving evidence against her husband and agress that he committed incest with his sister. Despite her unhappy marriage and the scandel of her in laws, Jane is asked back to court by Queen Jane and is appointed her principle lady in waiting. Jane secretly helps the quen to get funds the the Lady Elizabeths governess when Hnery refuses to pay and arranged the public return of Lady Maryto court. Lady Rochford is a keen supporter of the reformation and abhores the catholic faith.

Lady Jane Howard

Slaine Kelly (2007)

Episode 1.01

Episode 1.01

Mistress of Henry VIII for a short period, though of no historical basis. Named after the granddaughter of the Duke of Norfolk, Jane Neville nĂŠe Howard, Countess of Westmoreland. King Francis of France

Emmanuel Leconte (2007-)-2009)

Francis I of France

Episode 1.02

Episode 2.02

Claude of France

Episode 1.02

Episode 1.06

Adversary and ally of King Henry VIII 'Queen Claude of France

Gabriella Wright (2007-)-2009)

Queen consort of Francis I of France. Rejected the Duke of Suffolk's advances because she believed that making love for revenge (at her husband, who flaunts his mistresses much like Henry VIII) kills the soul.

Thomas Wyatt

Jamie King (2007-)

Thomas Wyatt

Episode 1.03

Episode 2.10

The former love of Anne Boleyn, poet Thomas Wyatt befriends and collaborates with composer Thomas Tallis while both are on a trip to France with Cardinal Wolsey. He claims to have had carnal relations with Anne, although this is at odds with Anne saying that her maidenhead was only for her husband to claim. He makes few appearances in the first season, but appears as a regular in the second season. He still holds and proclaims his feelings for Anne even though she has married and moved on. Wyatt is arrested and charged with being unfaithful to the king, but is released in time to see Anne's execution.

Emperor Charles

Sebastian Armesto (2007-)

Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor

Episode 1.02

Episode 1.02

Alternately the ally and adversary of King Henry VIII, Charles is Holy Roman Emperor and the nephew of Henry's first wife, Queen Katherine. He was betrothed to Princess Mary, although he later broke the betrothal to marry Isabella of Portugal.

Lady Salisbury

Kate O'Toole (2007)

Margaret Pole, 8th Countess of Salisbury

Episode 1.05

Episode 1.05

Noblewoman charged as governess and guardian to Princess Mary, daughter of King Henry VIII and Katherine of Aragon, when the princess earned her own household in the Welsh marches.

Catherine Willoughby Brandon, Duchess of Suffolk

Rebekah Wainwright Catherine Willoughby, (2007) 12th Baroness Willoughby de Eresby

Episode 1.10

The Duchess of Suffolk who marries Charles Brandon. With her sharp-tongued wit, she motivates Brandon to "keep his pretty head" despite the fact that he hates Queen Anne Boleyn with a passion. She agrees with the King's decision to entertain the French royals for a couple of days, but has doubts which are soon revealed that Brandon had a one-time affair with the French ambassador's mistress. She forgives Brandon, saying that he was the only one who made her cry.


List of The Tudors characters

Lady Eleanor Luke

16

Andrea Lowe (2008)

Episode 2.03

Episode 2.04

Briefly the mistress of King Henry, though of no historical basis.Henry takes an instant liking to her over the christmas festivites when she comes to court to attend Queen Anne. He quickly makes her his mistress and Anne discovers their affair. She demands her brother gets rid of her which he does by accusing her of being a thief and stealing Annes Jewels. Lady Eleanor leaves the court and is later mentioned by Henry and Anne when he asks her why she has got rid of her, towhich she replies that she stole something precious.

Eustace Chapuys

Anthony Brophy (2007-)

Eustace Chapuys

Episode 1.09

Holy Roman Emperor Charles V's ambassador to the court of Henry VIII. As the Emperor is the nephew to Katherine of Aragon, his Ambassador acts as her ally and plots against Anne Boleyn, but his conspiracies achieve little. He is devoted to the safety of Lady Mary and advises her in her strategies and becomes a surrogate father figure to her during her exile from the kings favour. He is also a supporter of the new Queen Jane

Edward Seymour

Max Brown (2008-2009)

Edward Seymour

Episode 2.08

Brother of Jane Seymour, he is quickly elevated as Jane gained the King's favour. His behaviour suggests that he cares more about the family's elevation than Jane's happiness.

Lady Ursula Misseldon

Charlotte Salt (2008-2009)

Episode 3.01

A lady in waiting to Queen Jane though of no historical basis. She is the mistress of both Sir Francis Bryant and King Henry who finds her bravery arousing. She arrives at court during the King and new Queens wedding celebrations. She is engaged to be married but does not think twice of using her body for advancement and rewards.

Notes and references [1] As established by the series credits and character list on the official website (http:/ / www. sho. com/ site/ tudors/ characters. do), the character's name is spelled Katherine with a "K" in contrast to the English language spelling "Catherine" usually used for the actual historical figure.

External links • [http:/ / www. sho. com/ site/ tudors/ characters. do The Tudors characters ~ Showtime] Source: http:/ / en. wikipedia. org/ w/ index. php? oldid=282882017 Contributors: Aislingyngaio, Alli525, Allison 99, B0Rn2bL8, Candicethacker, Chadoz, Danbarnesdavies, David Gerard, Edwards00013, Greatestrowerever, IceUnshattered, Inamourada, Jmlk17, Jordancatalano, Lrguillette, Movieman2, Otto4711, ParaGreen13, Piscesnikki, Redbarronalpha1, Rjwilmsi, TAnthony, Tanthalas39, The Duke of Waltham, Tj21, Willking1979, Winwitch, 72 anonymous edits


List of The Tudors episodes

17

List of The Tudors episodes The following is a list of episodes for the Showtime television series → The Tudors. The series formally began April 1, 2007. Individual episodes are numbered. Most episodes represent about a year with respect to known historical events.[1] As of April 5, 2009, 21 regular episodes have aired over three seasons. To date, seasons one and two have both been released on DVD in Region 1 and 2.

Series Overview Season

Episodes

Originally Aired

DVD Release Date Region 1

Region 2

1

10

2007

[2] January 8, 2008

2

10

2008

[4] November 11, 2008 (Canada) [5] January 6, 2009 (United States)

3

10

2009

TBA, 2009/2010

Discs

December 10, [3] 2007

3 (All Regions)

October 13, [6] 2008

3 (All Regions)

TBA, 2009

3 (All Regions)

Season One (2007) King Henry VIII is the young and virile king of England, one of the most powerful nations in the world, and seems to have it all. However, he is troubled by religious unrest in his own kingdom, as well as political struggles and changing allegiances with other countries. And weighing most on his mind is his failure thus far to produce a male heir with his Queen, Katherine of Aragon;[7] so far their only child (who survived beyond birth) is the young Princess Mary, on whom he dotes. The aunt of the powerful Spanish Charles, Katherine is all that a Queen should be, and popular, but the difficult pursuit of a divorce approved by the Pope becomes a seductive option. Episode

1.1 (1)

Title

Setting

"In Cold Blood" 1518

[8]

Director(s)

Writer(s)

Original Airdate

Charles McDougall & Steve Shill

Michael Hirst

April 1, 2007

Henry's uncle, Ambassador to Italy, is assassinated by the French and Henry seizes upon this event to plan a war with France to establish his immortal reputation and seize back the title of King of France. More interested in his own ambitions, the Lord Chancellor, Cardinal Wolsey, manipulates the young king to propose a "Treaty of Universal Peace" with France instead. Thomas More, Henry's teacher and a humanist, is in favor of the treaty which further convinces a reluctant Henry to abandon his war plans. A summit is to take place in France, and — against Katherine's express wishes — their daughter Mary is to be betrothed to the Dauphin of France, also still a child. Meanwhile, Henry has a rival to the throne in the Duke of Buckingham, a blood relative to earlier Kings. Buckingham plots to murder Henry and thus grab the throne for himself, letting Thomas Boleyn and the Duke of Norfolk in on his plan. Boleyn's beautiful daughters Mary and Anne prepare to meet King Henry; meanwhile, Henry discovers that Lady Elizabeth Blount, his mistress and one of the Queen's ladies-in-waiting, is pregnant with his child. 1.2 (2)

"Simply Henry"

1519

Charles McDougall

Michael Hirst

April 8, 2007


List of The Tudors episodes

18

With Thomas More's encouragement, King Henry prepares to meet King Francis of France and sign Cardinal Wolsey's peace treaty. Henry had promised the hand of his daughter, Princess Mary, to the Dauphin of France, which caused strife between Henry and his queen, Katherine of Aragon. In France, Thomas Boleyn maneuvers his elder daughter Mary into Henry's bed in an effort to secure favor for the family. The Duke of Buckingham plots against the King, claiming a better right to the throne than Henry Tudor; but his purpose is betrayed by Thomas Boleyn. Katherine of Aragon continues to pray for Henry to give her a live, healthy son, but Henry wrestles with the theological problem of having married his brother's wife, and questions whether his lack of sons could be God's punishment. There is much celebration as Lady Elizabeth Blount gives birth to Henry's illegitimate son, to Katherine's pain. 1.3 (3)

"Wolsey, Wolsey, Wolsey!"

1521

Steve Shill

Michael Hirst

April 15, 2007

As Cardinal Wolsey has lost his chance to be Pope with King Henry's decision to go to war against France, a new accord with Spain and Queen Katherine's nephew Charles, Holy Roman Emperor, offers him fresh hope. Thomas More is knighted by Henry, and charged with destroying any copies of the Lutheran "heresy" he can seize, obviously paining More (although he, too, considers it heretical). Princess Mary's engagement to the Dauphin of France is broken off in favour of a marriage to Charles of Spain; and Henry's elder sister, Princess Margaret, is to marry the King of Portugal. Charles Brandon, Henry's friend, is made Duke of Suffolk in order to be able to escort her to Portugal. 1.4 (4)

"His Majesty, The King"

1521

Steve Shill

Michael Hirst

April 22, 2007

As a reward for his denunciation of Martin Luther in his book, the Defence of the Seven Sacraments, the Pope christens Henry "Defender of the Faith", but a brush with death causes the King to seek a solution to his lack of an heir. Princess Margaret reluctantly marries the decrepit King of Portugal, but the union is short-lived; Henry's desire for Anne Boleyn intensifies. 1.5 (5)

"Arise, My Lord"

c. 1526

Brian Kirk

Michael Hirst

April 29, 2007

King Henry is stunned by a reversal in his alliance with Emperor Charles and forced to look elsewhere for European support, while Anne Boleyn refuses his offer of mistress status, inflaming his desire to marry her. Katherine of Aragon's alliance with Charles and her hatred for Cardinal Wolsey intensify. 1.6 (6)

"True Love"

c. 1527

Brian Kirk

Michael Hirst

May 6, 2007

As King Henry gains in confidence, his displeasure with the way the Catholic church handles his request for an annulment of his marriage to Katherine of Aragon grows. As a result, Cardinal Wolsey's position is weakening, leaving him vulnerable to his enemies. 1.7 (7)

"Message to the Emperor"

1528

Alison Maclean

Michael Hirst

May 13, 2007

William Compton dies of the "sweating sickness" at Compton Wynates, his house in Warwickshire. As King Henry VIII receives positive news of his war against Emperor Charles, the sickness spreads wildly. Henry flees the palace and London, and starts having doubts about the future and his ability to rule the country. Both Anne Boleyn and Cardinal Wolsey are stricken with the disease. 1.8 (8)

"Truth and Justice"

1528

Alison Maclean

Michael Hirst

May 20, 2007

The Pope's legate Cardinal Campeggio arrives to hear the case for King Henry VIII's divorce from Katherine of Aragon. Cardinal Wolsey intimidates Campeggio: "Let me make certain things plain to you. If you do not grant the King his divorce, papal authority in England will be annihilated!" Wolsey has assured Henry that the divorce will be granted, but the Pope and Campeggio are not so easily swayed. A desperate Wolsey begs Queen Katherine to abdicate the marriage, but she ultimately refuses. Wolsey's enemies circle; Anne Boleyn plants more doubt in Henry's mind about Wolsey, who soon threatens Campeggio both physically and politically. A Legatine Court convenes at Blackfriar's Church, and both Henry and Katherine plead their cases. 1.9 (9)

"Look to God First"

1529

Ciaran Donnelly

Michael Hirst

June 3, 2007


List of The Tudors episodes

19

The legatine trial on the legitimacy of King Henry's marriage to Katherine continues despite the queen's refusal to attend, but the papal envoy receives notice to return to Rome and place the evidence to the judgement of the Curia. The king engages in frantic diplomacy with the French king, but he aligns with the Holy Roman Emperor instead. The pope procrastinates and Henry, goaded by the conspirators Thomas Boleyn, the Duke of Norfolk and Charles Brandon, strips Wolsey of his temporal power and properties, bans him from court and instructs him to resume his now sole role as Archbishop of York. Thomas More reluctantly succeeds Wolsey as Chancellor of the realm and Princess Margaret falls ill with tuberculosis and dies. Anne Boleyn subtly and opportunely asks the king to reacquaint himself with the subject of Lutheranism. 1.10 (10)

"The Death of Wolsey"

1530

Ciaran Donnelly

Michael Hirst

June 10, 2007

Wolsey, now acting solely as the Archbishop of York and living in relative poverty, is repudiated by Anne Boleyn and writes to Queen Katherine instead, trying to gain her support. Thomas More uses his new powers as Chancellor and starts actively persecuting prominent Lutherans. King Henry finds his new Privy Counsellors less proficient than Wolsey was in running the country. He also starts finding elements much to his liking in the teachings of Luther, and dispatches Thomas Cromwell to various faculties of theology, hopefully to obtain favorable opinions regarding his intended divorce. Wolsey's secret communication with the Queen is uncovered and he is arrested and charged with high treason; his fall from grace complete, Wolsey laments his decadent lifestyle and commits suicide en route to London. Anne Boleyn engages Henry in a sexual encounter, but forces him to perform coitus interruptus after which a furious Henry storms off.

Season Two (2008) Episode

Title

Setting

Director

Writer(s)

Original Airdate

2.1 (11)

"Everything Is Beautiful"

1532

Jeremy Podeswa

Michael Hirst

March 30, 2008

As he seeks the annulment of his marriage to Katherine of Aragon, King Henry VIII appoints himself the head of the Church of England. Anne Boleyn insists that Henry remove Queen Katherine from the picture -- and Court. The new Pope Paul III, not wanting to displease either the king or the queen, practically suggests that Anne Boleyn be assassinated instead. Thomas Cranmer receives a promotion as the king's chaplain. The Boleyns bribe a cook to poison the food of the dissident Bishop of Rochester, John Fisher. The bishop survives and the cook is boiled alive. King Henry banishes the Queen from court. At the end of this episode the Spanish ambassador is seen discussing the assassination of Anne with an unknown, hooded man. 2.2 (12)

"Tears of Blood"

1532

Jeremy Podeswa

Michael Hirst

April 6, 2008

As the Catholic Church struggles in vain to control Henry VIII's demands for an annulment, the King appoints himself head of the Church of England. When Anne Boleyn insists Henry break all contacts with Katherine, the Queen is banished from court. The Reformation has begun. Anne is created Marquess of Pembroke before she and Henry visit France to present Anne as the future Queen of England and Henry's future wife. 2.3 (13)

"Checkmate"

1533

Colm McCarthy Michael Hirst

April 13, 2008

Henry destroys all ties with authority and the past. After many failed attempts to have his marriage to Katherine annulled by the Catholic Church, Henry runs out of patience and marries a pregnant Anne Boleyn in secret. He appoints the young Lutheran Thomas Cranmer to succeed the deceased William Warham as Archbishop of Canterbury and strips Queen Katherine of her title and status, along with Princess Mary; they are hence to be known as the Princess Dowager of Wales and the Lady Mary, respectively. Anne Boleyn is crowned Queen of England to a very small and uneager crowd and escapes an assassination attempt. Pope Paul III threatens to excommunicate the king and the church of England from the Roman Catholic Church if Henry does not return to Katherine. Henry is also disappointed when Anne Boleyn gives birth to a daughter, Elizabeth, instead of his desired son, and soon resumes his philandering with ladies of the court. 2.4 (14)

"The Act of Succession"

1534

Colm McCarthy Michael Hirst

April 20, 2008


List of The Tudors episodes

20

Questions of faith dominate the court. As the infant Princess Elizabeth is baptised, the 'Act of Succession' is unveiled declaring that only children of Henry and Anne are legitimate successors to the English throne. A law is passed where every royal subject must take an oath, on pain of death, recognising the validity of the King's new marriage and the supremacy of Henry VIII in all matters. Bishop Fisher and Sir Thomas More refuse and are imprisoned in the Tower. Katherine of Aragon lives now in total seclusion, and Lady Mary is sent to be a nanny to the baby Princess Elizabeth, her half-sister. Pregnant again, Anne Boleyn, at her father's prompting, tacitly approves of the king's philandering with ladies of the court, albeit those of her own choosing and posing no political threat to her. 2.5 (15)

"His Majesty's Pleasure"

1535

Ciaran Donnelly

Michael Hirst

April 27, 2008

Attempts to legitimise the King's marriage and increase his power hit firm obstacles as Sir Thomas More and Cardinal Fisher insist that only Christ can be the head of the church. Meanwhile Henry's wandering eye continues to roam. Anne miscarries a child and fears that the king has lost his love for her. Anne also fears the Lady Mary and Katherine of Aragon for she feels that Henry may still designate Mary as future Queen over their own daughter, Elizabeth. Also, Anne's relationship with her sister, Mary Boleyn, deteriorates when she marries a commoner in secret and is now pregnant with his child without asking her permission. Imprisoned in the Tower, Cardinal Fisher and Sir Thomas More face likely execution unless they take the Oath of Allegiance. Both still refuse, even after More received pleas from his family, and both are found guilty of high treason, and are beheaded. 2.6 (16)

"The Definition of Love"

c. 1535

Ciaran Donnelly

Michael Hirst

May 4, 2008

As the Reformation gathers pace, Sir Thomas Cromwell becomes ever more powerful as propagandist-in-chief of a new moral order. Royal confidence has given way to doubt. Henry is haunted by the memory of the executed Thomas More while Queen Anne Boleyn's insecurities border on paranoia. Her husband's affairs continue and an effort to have her daughter Elizabeth betrothed to a French prince fails when the French King refuses to recognise that the infant Princess is of legitimate birth. 2.7 (17)

"Matters of State"

1536

Dearbhla Walsh

Michael Hirst

May 11, 2008

As Thomas Cromwell's increasingly ruthless 'reforms' spread terror through an ever more vulnerable Catholic Church, Anne Boleyn has nightmares that her position at the King's side is under threat from the continued existence of former Queen Katherine and her daughter Mary. Meanwhile Henry is occupied by the sad news of Katherine's death and later has a happy encounter with Lady Jane Seymour. Anne Boleyn announces to her father that she is pregnant with a son. 2.8 (18)

"Lady in Waiting"

1536

Dearbhla Walsh

Michael Hirst

May 18, 2008

At Henry's command Jane Seymour is made a lady-in-waiting to Anne Boleyn, much to the discomfort and suspicion of the Queen. Emperor Charles indicates his interest in renewed relation with England. However Charles insisted that legitimizing Lady Mary as Henry's heir be a condition of the renewed relation. When Henry is seriously injured in a jousting match all thoughts turn to who might succeed him. Anne catches Henry with Jane and the stress of catching Henry with Jane and Henry's injury leads to yet another miscarriage. Discouraged by yet another failed pregnancy, the episode closes with Henry declaring his marriage with Anne null and void, citing witchcraft. 2.9 (19)

"The Act of Treason"

c. 1536

Jon Amiel

Michael Hirst

May 25, 2008

Anne has lost a son and with it her last chance at a lasting marriage with Henry. The King's affections are shifting anyway: the Seymour family are awarded new and more luxurious rooms at court and soon replace the Boleyns as the new royal favourites. Several members of the court begin to move against Anne who is accused of adultery and witchcraft. Arrests are made of suspected lovers and of Anne herself. All, including the Queen, are sentenced to death. 2.10 (20)

"Destiny and Fortune"

c. 1536

Jon Amiel

Michael Hirst

June 1, 2008


List of The Tudors episodes

21

As Anne Boleyn awaits her death, which is painfully delayed by the executioner's late arrival, Henry visits Jane Seymour and asks for her hand in marriage. Declaring his marriage to Anne null and void means that their daughter Elizabeth becomes illegitimate and is no longer in line to the throne - clearing the way for a legitimate heir to come from his marriage with Jane. The season ends with Anne Boleyn's beheading.

Season Three (2009) Episode

Title

Setting

Director

Writer(s)

Original Airdate

3.1 (21)

"Episode 1"

June 4, 1536

Jon Amiel

Michael Hirst

April 5, 2009

The third season premiere, Henry VIII weds a third time, to shy, demure noblewoman Jane Seymour - a union that he and his advisors pray will result in a male heir; once-loyal subjects rebel against Henry's crusade against Catholicism. Days after Anne Boleyn's execution, Henry appears to an apparently pleased court but secretly Thomas Cromwell and Lord Rich worry for their plans for a reformation. Lady Ursula Missledon arrives at court to wait upon the new queen, and is soon mistress to Sir Francis Bryan. Lady Mary is threatened with death unless she submits to her father's authority and, under guidance from the Spanish ambassador, complies. A number of Catholic pilgrims gather to object over the dissolution of the monasteries, throwing Cromwell's new found confidence to the wind and Henry's rage to the boil. 3.2 (22)

"Episode 2"

Winter 1536

Ciaran Donnelly Michael Hirst

April 6, 2009

The rebellion now known as the Pilgrimage of Grace begins in earnest, with Henry dispatching Brandon to deal with the uprising; bedridden due to the recurrence of his jousting injury, Henry takes a new mistress: Lady Ursula Misseldon. 3.3 (23)

"Episode 3"

1536-1537

TBA

Michael Hirst

April 12, 2009

Henry reconciles with his estranged daughters Mary and Elizabeth in time for the Christmas holidays, but betrays and brutally suppresses the rebellion against him after making conciliatory promises to the uprising's leaders. 3.4 (24)

"Episode 4"

July-October 1537

TBA

Michael Hirst

April 26, 2009

The leaders of the Pilgrimage of Grace uprising are put to death, but Brandon is disturbed by the cruelty and mercilessness of the suppression; Henry celebrates the birth of a son but his joy is short-lived as Queen Jane dies within days.

References • [http:/ / www. sho. com/ site/ tudors/ episodes. do "The Tudors: Episodes"]. Showtime online (sho.com). http:/ / www. sho. com/ site/ tudors/ episodes. do. [1] [http:/ / www. thestar. com/ entertainment/ Television/ article/ 261401 "A slightly neutered Tudors"]. The Toronto Star. September 28, 2007. http:/ / www. thestar. com/ entertainment/ Television/ article/ 261401. [2] [http:/ / www. amazon. com/ dp/ B000P12LWY The Tudors: The Complete First Season Amazon.com] [3] [http:/ / www. amazon. co. uk/ dp/ B000VU0KFY/ The Tudors: Complete BBC Series 1 Amazon.co.uk] [4] [http:/ / www. futureshop. ca/ catalog/ proddetail. asp?sku_id=0665000FSM2158364& catid=11021& logon=& langid=EN The Tudors: The Complete Second Season Futureshop.ca] [5] The Tudors DVD news: Delay for The Tudors - The Complete 2nd Season TVShowsOnDVD.com (http:/ / www. tvshowsondvd. com/ news/ Tudors-Season-2-Delayed/ 10852)


List of The Tudors episodes [6] [http:/ / www. amazon. co. uk/ dp/ B001D40U66/ The Tudors: Complete BBC Series 2 Amazon.co.uk] [7] As established by the series credits and character list on the official website (http:/ / www. sho. com/ site/ tudors/ characters. do), the character's name is spelled Katherine with a "K" in contrast to the English language spelling "Catherine" usually used for the actual historical figure. [8] The Setting given for each episode comes from key real events from the episode with known dates. Source: http:/ / en. wikipedia. org/ w/ index. php? oldid=283145118 Contributors: Alansohn, Alli525, Antenox, Beardo, Chadoz, Colonies Chris, Cooleymd, David Gerard, DavisGL, Delvakooki, Farrarsm, Gavin Scott, Gopherbone, GregorB, Irracjonalistka, Jiam123, Jihg, Kevs, Kimphantom94, Licensedlunacy, MJBurrage, MZMcBride, Mattsteady, Morhange, Movieguru2006, Movieman2, Mutt, Ohconfucius, Otto4711, ParaGreen13, Pufnstuf, Redbarronalpha1, RockOfVictory, Rreini, Sfufan2005, TAnthony, TTN, Tikijay409, Tvoz, Ucebaggie, 135 anonymous edits

License Version 1.2, November 2002 Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.

0. PREAMBLE

The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for modifications made by others. This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft license designed for free software. We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free software, because free software needs free documentation: a free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.

1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS

This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that work under the conditions stated herein. The "Document", below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as "you". You accept the license if you copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission under copyright law. A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with modifications and/or translated into another language. A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding them. The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice that says that the Document is released under this License. If a section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant Sections then there are none. The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words. A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, represented in a format whose specification is available to the general public, that is suitable for revising the document straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount of text. A copy that is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque". Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally available, and the machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word processors for output purposes only. The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself, plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text. A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document whose title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a specific section name mentioned below, such as "Acknowledgements", "Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".) To "Preserve the Title" of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a section "Entitled XYZ" according to this definition. The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has no effect on the meaning of this License.

2. VERBATIM COPYING

You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3. You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and you may publicly display copies.

3. COPYING IN QUANTITY

If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in

22


License other respects. If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent pages. If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a computer-network location from which the general network-using public has access to download using public-standard network protocols a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public. It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.

4. MODIFICATIONS

You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version: A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version if the original publisher of that version gives permission. B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five), unless they release you from this requirement. C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the Modified Version, as the publisher. D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document. E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications adjacent to the other copyright notices. F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below. G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice. H. Include an unaltered copy of this License. I. Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, and add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If there is no section Entitled "History" in the Document, create one stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified Version as stated in the previous sentence. J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the network locations given in the Document for previous versions it was based on. These may be placed in the "History" section. You may omit a network location for a work that was published at least four years before the Document itself, or if the original publisher of the version it refers to gives permission. K. For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein. L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles. M. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section may not be included in the Modified Version. N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled "Endorsements" or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section. O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers. If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. These titles must be distinct from any other section titles. You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a standard. You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher that added the old one. The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version.

5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS

You may combine the Document with other documents released under this License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers. The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but different contents, make the title of each such section unique by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work. In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History" in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements", and any sections Entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections Entitled "Endorsements."

6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS

You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects. You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.

7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS

A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves derivative works of the Document. If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole aggregate.

8. TRANSLATION

Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special permission from their copyright holders, but you may include translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a translation of this License, and all the license notices in the Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include the original English version of this License and the original versions of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between the translation and the original version of this License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will prevail. If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements", "Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual title.

9. TERMINATION

You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.

10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See http:/ / www. gnu. org/ copyleft/ . Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.

23


License How to use this License for your documents To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of the License in the document and put the following copyright and license notices just after the title page: Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, replace the "with...Texts." line with this: with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST. If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the situation. If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their use in free software.

24


Turn static files into dynamic content formats.

Create a flipbook
Issuu converts static files into: digital portfolios, online yearbooks, online catalogs, digital photo albums and more. Sign up and create your flipbook.