What Is Mokume Gane? Mokume Gane refers to a metal-working technique that originated in Japan in the 16th century. Originally it was only utilized to create sword fittings, but since 1868, a time that is known in Japanese history as the start of the Meiji era, this technique has been used to create a wide array of decorative items. Today it is still being employed all over to world to create jewelry and luxury gifts which include items like pocket knives, money clips, and pens. Before we discuss Mokume Gane in today’s age, let us first take a closer look at what it entails and its history: What does Mokume Gane mean? Mokume means “wood eye” or “wood grain,” and the meaning of Gane is “metal.” In English, the near- literal translation for Mokume Gane is “wood grain metal.” Who invented this metal-working technique? The Japanese armorer Denbei Shoami (1651-1728) is the first recorded man in Japanese history to make use of this technique and is often credited as its inventor. He lived in Akita and was widely known for creating exceptional works of steel, as well as elaborate ornamentations, inlays, and engravings for scabbards and blades. It is said that he was inspired by traditional Chinese varnishing techniques with lined patterns known as “Guri.” Through his work with Damascus steel, he discovered that nonferrous plates could be joined and finished in such a way to create similar patterns to “Guri.” What does this metal working technique entail? Mokme Gane is the permanent joining of two or more metals, in alternating layers, through diffusion welding in a charcoal forge. A combination of specialized cutting, twisting, and forging techniques are then used to expose the various layers and so create intricate patterns, after which standard forging and fabrication techniques are used to create a finished work. Metals selected by craftsmen are largely selected for their color and malleability. Various discolorations that can be achieved through the application of heat or chemical agents are also taken into consideration when selecting metals. Mokume Gane in the 20th Century and Today For the first half of the 20th century, Mokume Gane was basically unheard of in the West, and people had also largely forgotten about this ancient art form in Japan. Only a few museums, collectors, scholars, and aging craftsmen were still aware of this metal-working technique. 1985 brought the revival, due to an academic study on Mokume Gane started in the 1960s by Professor L. Brent Kington and a group of graduate students. As mentioned earlier, the metal-working technique known as Mokume Gane is still being made use of today, and not only in Japan, but around the world. As a matter of fact, since 1985 there are more people practicing this technique in the USA than there ever were in Japan. The highly
successful American luxury brand William Henry, for instance, uses this technique to create high end knives and luxury pens from copper, brass, and nickel silver. What is interesting to note is that, today, the USA is considered a premier producer of Mokume Gane. The jewelry and other items that are produced in the States are also considered to be among the finest in the world.