STUDIO 7 (WE ARE NOT ALWAYS PREFECT)
SEEN/UNSEEN
MODERATING VISIBILITY IN DWELLINGS FOR PEOPLE WITH BIPOLAR DISORDER 363773 BIXIANG (WILLIAM) ZENG
People living with disability may not necessarily to be disabled. Disabled people had lost their ability to choose due to the deformed built environment.
CONTENT 1.0
INTRODUCTION
05
2.0
BACKGROUND RESEARCH
07
3.0
DISABILITY AND MENTAL ILLNESS
15
4.0
EXISTING HOUSING IN THE MARKET
31
5.0
DESIGN THESIS
51
6.0
SITE ANALYSIS
52
7.0
DESIGN CONCEPT
59
8.0
APARTMENT DESIGN
60
9.0
TOWNHOUSE DESIGN
96
10.0 APARTMENT TYPES AND STATISTIC
130
1.0 INTRODUCTION
General population Information about Australia. According to Australian Bureau of Statistics, the total population of Australia is about 24 millions. Most of the population are located along the eastern coastal lines. Target People group Some people may argue that disabled people are morelikely to be aged people, which means people over 65. However, we target people’s age under 65. The population in Australia is about 24 millions. However, according to Australian Bureau of Statistics (2015), there are about 20% of the overall population that are considered as disable.
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2.0 WHAT IS NDIS? 2.1 History of NDIS
NDIS stands for National Disability Insurance Schemes. It is a new way of providing individualized support for eligible people with permanent and significant disability, their families and carers. The National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) is the insurance that gives us all peace of mind. Disability could affect anyone having the right support makes a big difference. This national scheme to provide targeted support and better coordination and access to services for people with disabilities. It’s a single national system, which means regardless of what kind of disability you have and where you live, you will be able to equally access existing services.
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2.0 WHAT IS NDIS? 2.1 History of NDIS
NDIS was founded on 2011 by the Council of Australian Governments. In March 2013, NDIS legislation was passed and the NDIS Act 2013 was created, along with the scheme and the Agency - National Disability Insurance Agency.
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2.0 WHAT IS NDIS? 2.2 Goals of NDIS
As a national insurance scheme for people living with disabilities, NDIS is trying to give help to people who needed in many different ways. For example: - Information and Referral easier and better access to information about the most effective support options referral to relevant disability, mainstream, crisis intervention and community services and supports help to build individual capacity through support such as diagnosis advice, peer support and skills development links to local support groups, clubs, associations, initiatives or programs.
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2.0 WHAT IS NDIS? 2.2 Goals of NDIS
- Support to access community services and activities Some people may need support to access available supports or join in local community activities such as social, study, sporting or other interests. Our local area coordinators can help make these connections. - Individualised plans and supports Goals and aspirations, Lifetime commitment, Families and carers, Managing your plan.
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2.0 WHAT IS NDIS? 2.2 Goals of NDIS
- Funded supports Depending on your goals, aspirations, needs and informal supports, your approved plan may include funded supports. You can choose support providers, how this support is delivered and how much control you want in managing your plan. This could involve choosing support providers, including existing or new disability, community and mainstream supports, to supplement the informal support provided by family, friends and other carers.
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2.0 WHAT IS NDIS? 2.3 NDIS with Housing Problem
Housing is an important issue for the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS). Affordable, stable housing is needed to support people with disability in achieving their life goals and aspirations. The NDIS will provide ongoing supports for daily living but has not been designed to take responsibility for the housing needs of participants. The NDIS recognises that housing policy is a matter for governments. As not only providing housing to people who needed, NDIS will also provide lifetime support if it is needed.
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2.0 WHAT IS NDIS? 2.3 NDIS with Housing Problem
As an architect, designing innovatively, can also help people who living with disability to gain support from NDIS. For those who had financial problems, once qualified by NDIS, a financial support will be given.
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3.0 DISABILITY AND MENTAL ILLNESS 3.1 What is Disability
According to Disability Services Commission, the definition of disability is any continuing condition that restricts everyday activities. Moreover, according to Disability Services Act (1993) defines ‘disability’ as meaning a disability: - Which is attributable to an intellectual, psychiatric, cognitive, neurological, sensory or physical impairment or a combination of those impairments, - Which is permanent or likely to be permanent - Which may or may not be of a chronic or episodic nature - Which results in substantially reduced capacity of the person for communication, social interaction, learning or mobility and a need for continuing support services.
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3.0 DISABILITY AND MENTAL ILLNESS 3.1 What is Disability
There are four main categories of disability, namely, mobility, vision impairment, hearing impairment and cognitive.
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3.0 DISABILITY AND MENTAL ILLNESS 3.2 Mental Illness in Australia
According to Australian Bureau of Statistics, an individual’s ability to relate with their family, friends, work-mates and the broader community is affected by their mental health. People surrfering from a mental disorder can experience significant distress and disability. According to the artical, in 2007, 45% of Austrlian aged 16-85 years, (or 7.3 million people), had at some point in their lifetime experienced a mental disorder. Affective or mood disorders involve mood disturbance or change in affect. Depression and dysthymia may involve signs such as a depressed mood, loss of self-confidence and esteem and reduced energy or activity over a period of at least two weeks. Bipolar disorder
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3.0 DISABILITY AND MENTAL ILLNESS 3.2 Mental Illness in Australia
involves episodes of mania either alone or together with depressive episodes. Manic episodes may be characterised by less need for sleep, increased activity or restlessness and reckless behaviour. Affective disorders affected 6.2% of people aged 16-85 years, 7.1% of women and 5.3% of men. The rate was higher for those aged 16-44 years (7.6%) than for those aged 55-85 years (3.3%). Moreover, according to statistics, 20% of population within Australia are considered as disability. Within these 40%, 20% of them experience mental disorder.
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3.0 DISABILITY AND MENTAL ILLNESS 3.3 What is Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar affective disorder or manic-depressive illness, known as Bipolar disorder is one of the most common mental disorder in Australia. According to SANE Australia, bipolar disorder affects the normal functioning brain, so that the person experiences extreme moods, very high and over-excited, or very low and depressed. What are the symptoms? People with bipolar disorder can become high, over-excited and reckless, or imagine that they are more important or influential than they are in real life. They can also become extremely low, feeling helpless and depressed, with difficulty making decisions or concentrating. Some people mainly experience highs. Some experience mainly lows, and some experience both extremes — becoming profoundly depressed or
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3.0 DISABILITY AND MENTAL ILLNESS 3.3 What is Bipolar Disorder
over-excited. The person may then behave in an uncharacteristically irrational or risky manner. What causes Bipolar Disorder? The causes of bipolar disorder are not fully understood. As with any other illnesses, they are likely to be a combination of hereditary and other causes, but a genetic predisposition to develop the illness has been clearly established by scientists. How many people develop Bipolar disorder? Up to two in a hundred people will develop bipolar disorder at some time in their lives.
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Robin Williams
3.0 DISABILITY AND MENTAL ILLNESS 3.4 Treatment for Bipolar Disorder
How is Bipolar Disorder treated?
Treatment can do much to reduce and even eliminate the symptoms. Treatment should generally include a combination of medication and community support. Both are usually essential for the best outcome.
Medication
Certain medications assist the brain to restore its usual chemical balance and help control the mood swings and depression. The symptoms of bipolar disorder generally react well to medication.
Community support programs
This support should include information; accommodation; help with finding suitable work,
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3.0 DISABILITY AND MENTAL ILLNESS 3.4 Treatment for Bipolar Disorder
training and education; psychosocial rehabilitation and mutual support groups. Understanding and acceptance by the community is also very important.
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3.0 DISABILITY AND MENTAL ILLNESS 3.5 Bipolar Disorder with Family
According to Lifespan, it is said that patients who had been over-diagnosed with bipolar disorder were more frequently diagnosed with major depressive disorder, antisocial personality disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder and eating and impulse disorder. The cause of bipolar disorder is similar to other illnesses like diabetes or asthma where the person has a biological vulnerability to develop particular symptoms. This biological vulnerability includes changes in brain chemicals and functioning as well as hormonal and immune changes in the body. Certain medications have been found to reduce some of these changes (while the medication is in the person’s system).
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3.0 DISABILITY AND MENTAL ILLNESS 3.5 Bipolar Disorder with Family
Researchers are trying to pinpoint specific biological markers of bipolar disorder that will make it easier to diagnose and treat in the future. A person’s genes influence the chance of them having bipolar disorder, but this is not the only factor that contributes to the illness. Identical twins share all their genes. For bipolar disorder to be 100% genetic, you would expect that if one twin had bipolar disorder, the other would have it too. However, although there is an increased risk of the twin developing the illness, this does not always occur. Bipolar disorder arises from the interaction of biological factors and certain personal and environmental stressors.
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3.0 DISABILITY AND MENTAL ILLNESS 3.6 Bipolar Disorder with Housing Needs
For people who are living with bipolar disorder problem. There are special needs for these people. - Accessibility First of all, people who are living with bipolar disorder may not only have one mental illness. Multiple disabilities may also occurred on the same person. Therefore, accessibility is very important for people who have bipolar disorder as well. - Privacy Since people who experience bipolar disorder with have depressive period. People who are experiencing depressive period requires more privacy than other time.
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3.0 DISABILITY AND MENTAL ILLNESS 3.6 Bipolar Disorder with Housing Needs
- Clamness As bipolar disorder people will also experience over-excited period, a clam place can clam down the person so that we can minimise the chance for people to make mistake.
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3.0 DISABILITY AND MENTAL ILLNESS 3.7 Bipolar Disorder with Design Consideration
As an architect, it is very important for us to involve with the process of develop the housing for disabled people. - Quite Space: Clam space is very important for people who had bipolar disabled people. Since people with bipolar disorder will experience over-excited. A clam space could allow people to clam down. - Security: When people with bipolar disorder experiences their depressive period they might require sense of security. By providing sense of security can ensure people lives more comfortable.
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3.0 DISABILITY AND MENTAL ILLNESS 3.7 Bipolar Disorder with Design Consideration
- Light: Despite of whether the habitant lives with disability or not, lighting within a apartment or townhouse is essential. - Accessibility: Even though stairs may not be inevitable, people living with bipolar disorder should also have the right of having accessible housing. Accessibility is one of the most fundamental principle for people who living with disability. - Materiality: Since people living with bipolar disorder can sometime exhibit over-excited and even destructive behaviours. Materiality is very important as well.
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3.0 DISABILITY AND MENTAL ILLNESS 3.7 Bipolar Disorder with Design Consideration
- Adaptability: Not only people who living with bipolar disorder will experience emotional changes, abled-people will also experience emotional change as well. Therefore, architecture should be adaptive for most of the people.
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4.0 CURRENT HOUSING ANALYSIS 4.1 Background of Existing Housing Market
In Melbourne, the current housing market is very prosperous. Lots of foreign investor started to get into Melbourne housing market. However, affordable housing, as one of the most important part of the housing market was not sufficient.
What is affordable housing?
According to Moreland City Council, affordable housing refers to well located housing in relation to transport and services, where the cost of housing(where mortgage repayment or rent) is no more than 30% of the household’s income.
Number of New apartment in future
According to The Sydney Morning Herald, it is said that there are more than 6,000 apartment will be completed in 2014 and 2015 within the CBD area. They also said that in the next couple
31
4.0 CURRENT HOUSING ANALYSIS 4.1 Background of Existing Housing Market
of years, Melbourne will have the biggest annual supply of apartments that Melbourne has ever seen.
Disable Housing and Market Housing
Disable housing in Melbourne is hard to find. According my research, one of the means in looking for disabled housing is through the Department of Human Service. However, through the interview of Maria, one of the people who lives with disability, said that it needs to have a very complex and time consuming process. Therefore, it is very difficult for people with disability to find accommodation with the current situation. Unlike the Disabled housing, most of Melbourne housing are in the market where people can access easily.
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4.0 CURRENT HOUSING ANALYSIS 4.1 Background of Existing Housing Market
Goal of this Research
The goal for this research is to see how the current housing quality and whether the quality of these apartments and townhouses can be suitable for those who are living with disability.
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4.0 CURRENT HOUSING ANALYSIS 4.2 Analysis of Existing Housing in Melbourne
In order to analysis the current housing market, 5 apartments and 5 townhouses located in west of Melbourne are selected. The addresses are listed as follow: Apartment 1: 2/11 Tom Roberts Parade, Point Cook, Vic 3030 (2 bedroom 2 toilet) Apartment 2: 7/58 Mason Street, Newport, Vic 3015 (2 bedroom 1 toilet) Apartment 3: 14/42, Percy Street, Newport, Vic 3015 (1 bedroom 1 toilet) Apartment 4: 14/42 Kororoit Creek Road, Williamstown, Vic 3016 (1 bedroom 1 toilet) Apartment 5: 5/12 Pine Avenue, Elwood, Vic 3184 (2 bedroom 1 toilet)
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4.0 CURRENT HOUSING ANALYSIS 4.2 Analysis of Existing Housing in Melbourne
Townhouses: Townhouse 1: 36A Laurie Street, Newport, Vic 3015 (3 bedroom 2 toilet) Townhouse 2: 1-3/14 Blenheim Road, Newport, Vic 3015 (3 bedroom 2 toilet) Townhouse 3: 75 Neptune Drive, Point Cook, Vic 3030 (4 bedroom 2 toilet) Townhouse 4: 135F/135 Railway Place, Williamstown, Vic 3016 (3 bedroom 2 toilet) Townhouse 5: 23 John Street, Elwood, Vic 3184 (2 bedroom 2 toilet)
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4.0 CURRENT HOUSING ANALYSIS 4.2 Analysis of Apartment 1
Quantitative Analysis
2 1 - Apartment - 310k - 400k
• Living Area
85 m2
• Services Area
51.8 m2
• Circulation Area
43.5 m2
• Outdoor Area
11.7 m2
• Total Area
192 m2 Chart Title
8% Study
6% Outdoor
Overall Use Overall Use
47% Bedroom
45% Dining Room 44% Habitable
23% Circulation
Chart Title 1
2
3
35% Kitchen
27% Service 2
3
4 1
1
36
2
3
4
5
Service
20% Storage
45% Bathroom
1
Habitable
2
3
4.0 CURRENT HOUSING ANALYSIS 4.2 Analysis of Townhouse 1
Quantitative Analysis
3 2 - Townhouse - 700k - 800k
• Living Area
72.5 m2
• Services Area
29.8 m2
• Circulation Area
15 m2
• Outdoor Area
34.8 m2
• Total Area
152.1 m2
Habitable
Chart Title
2% Study 41% Dining & Family Room
Service
46% Bedroom
Chart Title 1
2
3
11% Lounge Room
4
26% Storage 42% Bathroom 32% Kitchen 1
2
Overall Use Overall Use 12% Carpark 11% Outdoor
48% Habitable
10% Circulation 19% Service 1
2
3
2
3
4
5
3
1
4
5
37
4.0 CURRENT HOUSING ANALYSIS 4.2 Analysis of Apartment 2
Quantitative Analysis
2 1 - Apartment - 300k - 400k
• Living Area
112.9 m2
• Services Area
36.5 m2
• Circulation Area
30.3 m2
• Outdoor Area
0 m2
• Total Area
179.7 m2 Chart Title
17% Circulation
37% Dining Room
Overall Use Overall Use
63% Bedroom
Chart Title 63% Habitable
1
2
3
4
Service 21% Storage
32% Bathroom
20% Service
Habitable
47% Kitchen 1
2
3
4
5 1
1
38
2
3
4
5
2
3
4.0 CURRENT HOUSING ANALYSIS 4.2 Analysis of Townhouse 2
Quantitative Analysis
3 2 - Townhouse - 750k - 780k
• Living Area
89.6 m2
• Services Area
45.7 m2
• Circulation Area
31.4 m2
• Outdoor Area
37.7 m2
• Total Area
204.4 m2
Habitable
Chart Title
19% Lounge Room
39% Bedroom
15% Dining Room
Service
Chart Title 1
2
3
27% Living & Retreat Room
4
34% Storage 43% Bathroom
Overall Use Overall Use 14% Carpark 5% Outdoor
44% Habitable
15% Circulation
22% Service 23% Kitchen 1 1
2
2
3
4
5
3
1
2
3
4
5
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4.0 CURRENT HOUSING ANALYSIS 4.2 Analysis of Apartment 3
Quantitative Analysis
1 1 - Apartment - 300k - 400k
• Living Area
39.3 m2
• Services Area
20.3 m2
• Circulation Area
12.2 m2
• Outdoor Area
0 m2
• Total Area
71.8 m2 Chart Title Habitable 49% Dining Room
Overall Overall Use 17% Circulation
55% Habitable 28% Service
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51% Bedroom
Chart Title Service 1
2
3
4
10% Storage
47% Bathroom
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
43% Kitchen
1
2
3
4.0 CURRENT HOUSING ANALYSIS 4.2 Analysis of Townhouse 3
Quantitative Analysis • Living Area
104.1 m2
• Services Area
58.3 m2
• Circulation Area
26.1 m2
• Outdoor Area
59.7 m2
• Total Area
248.2 m2
Habitable
Chart Title
14% Study
48% Bedroom
19% Dining Room
Service
4 2 - Townhouse - 450k - 500k
19% Lounge Room Chart Title 1
2
3
4
18% Storage 43% Bathroom
Overall Use Overall Use 17% Carpark 7% Outdoor
42% Habitable
11% Circulation
15% Service 39% Kitchen 1
2
1
2
3
4
5
3
1
2
3
4
5
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4.0 CURRENT HOUSING ANALYSIS 4.2 Analysis of Apartment 4
Quantitative Analysis
1 1 - Apartment - 450k
• Living Area
22.5 m2
• Services Area
14.9 m2
• Circulation Area
9 m2
• Outdoor Area
7.6 m2
• Total Area
54 m2 Chart Title Habitable 50% Dining Room
Overall Use Overall Use 14% Outdoor
Chart Title 42% Habitable
17% Circulation
1
2
3
4
1
1
2
3
4
5
2
3
4
5
Service 17% Storage
38% Bathroom
27% Service
42
50% Bedroom
43% Kitchen
1
2
3
4.0 CURRENT HOUSING ANALYSIS 4.2 Analysis of Townhouse 4
Quantitative Analysis
3 2 - Townhouse - 995k - 1.2M
• Living Area
71.6 m2
• Services Area
33 m2
• Circulation Area
36.8 m2
• Outdoor Area
78.4 m2
• Total Area
219.8 m2
HabitableHabitable Space 17% Office Space
42% Bedroom
18% Dining Room
Service
23% Living Room
Service
1
2
3
4
4% Storage 53% Bathroom 43% Kitchen
Overall Use Overall Use 9% Carpark 27% Outdoor
32% Habitable
17% Circulation
15% Service
1 1
2
2
3
4
5
3
1
2
3
4
5
43
4.0 CURRENT HOUSING ANALYSIS 4.2 Analysis of Apartment 5
Quantitative Analysis
2 1 - Apartment - 500k - 800k
• Living Area
66.4 m2
• Services Area
24.3 m2
• Circulation Area
20 m2
• Outdoor Area
0 m2
• Total Area
110.7 m2 Chart Title 19% Dining Room
Overall Use Overall Use
48% Bedroom
33% Lounge Room
18% Circulation
Chart Title 60% Habitable
22% Service
1
2
4
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
59% Kitchen
5
5
Service 16% Storage
1
44
3
25% Bathroom 1
Habitable
2
3
4.0 CURRENT HOUSING ANALYSIS 4.2 Analysis of Townhouse 5
Quantitative Analysis
2 2 - Townhouse - 950k - 1.02M
• Living Area
83.6 m2
• Services Area
48.6 m2
• Circulation Area
38 m2
• Outdoor Area
44.5 m2
• Total Area
214.7 m2
Habitable Space
Habitable 24% Dining Room
45% Bedroom 31% Living Room
Service
Service 1
2
3
19% Storage
36% Bathroom
Overall Use Overall Use 18% Carpark 7% Outdoor
39% Habitable
18% Circulation
22% Service
45% Kitchen 1
2
3
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
45
4.0 CURRENT HOUSING ANALYSIS 4.2 Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Apartment Apartment 1 (2 bedroom 2 toilet): 23/40 Apartment 2 (2 bedroom 1 toilet): 14/40 Apartment 3 (1 bedroom 1 toilet): 16/40 Apartment 4 (1 bedroom 1 toilet): 24/40 Apartment 5 (2 bedroom 1 toilet): 23/40
Qualitative Analysis • Physical Disability • Social Interaction • Public vs Private • Adaptability • Carers Access • Noisy Spaces vs Calm • Sight Lines • Optimum Orientation
Apartment 1 46
Apartment 2
Apartment 3
Apartment 4
Apartment 5
4.0 CURRENT HOUSING ANALYSIS 4.2 Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Townhouse Townhouse 1 (3 bedroom 2 toilet): 17/40 Townhouse 2 (3 bedroom 2 toilet): 26/40 Townhouse 3 (4 bedroom 2 toilet): 26/40 Townhouse 4 (3 bedroom 2 toilet): 24/40 Townhouse 5 (2 bedroom 2 toilet): 24/40
Qualitative Analysis • Physical Disability • Social Interaction • Public vs Private • Adaptability • Carers Access • Noisy Spaces vs Calm • Sight Lines • Optimum Orientation
Townhouse 1
Townhouse 2
Townhouse 3
Townhouse 4
Townhouse 5 47
4.0 CURRENT HOUSING ANALYSIS 4.2 References Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2013, January 21). Mental Health. Retrieved from Australian Bureau of Statistics: http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/ Lookup/1301.0Chapter11082009%E2%80%9310 Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2015). Mental Health. Retrieved from Australian Institute of Health and Welfare: http://www.aihw.gov.au/mental-health/ Bipolarcaregivers.org. (2013, April 15). Retrieved from Bipolarcaregivers.org: http://www.bipolarcaregivers.org/ Council, M. C. (2014). Moreland city council Affordable Housing Strategy 20142018. Melbourne. Housing Choice Australia. (n.d.). Retrieved from Housing Choice Australia: http:// www.housingchoices.org.au/ Lifespan. (2010, march 28). Widely used screening scale may misidentify borderline personality disorder as bipolar disorder. Retrieved from ScienceDaily: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/03/100325131600.htm
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4.0 CURRENT HOUSING ANALYSIS 4.2 References Melbourne, T. U., & Orygen YOUTHHealth. (2013). A guide for caregivers of people with bipolar disorder. National Disability Insurance Scheme. (2015). About Us. Retrieved from National Disability Insurance Scheme: http://www.ndis.gov.au/ NDIS. (2014). About NDIS. Retrieved from NDIS: http://www. everyaustraliancounts.com.au/about-ndis/ Real Estate. (2015). Realestate.com.au. Retrieved from Realestate.com.au: http:// www.realestate.com.au/buy SANE Australia. (2014). Bipolar Disorder. Retrieved from SANE Australia: https:// www.sane.org/information/factsheets-podcasts/199-bipolar-disorder
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5.0 DESIGN THESIS STATEMENT 5.0 Thesis Statement How could space illustrates people’s emotional changes through the use of space? This thesis explores the potential of architecturally designed solution for people living with bipolar disorder in Australia. Recognised symptoms of bipolar disorder include extreme mood swings from overly excited to heavy depression, sometimes in a very short period of time. These extreme mood swings require the architecture to adapt and provide an environment to assist people living with bipolar. One of the issues with affordable housing is the lack of consideration and cost effective solutions for people living with general disabilities, especially bipolar disorder. The research in this thesis explores the effects of bipolar disorder and identifies the requirement of different spatial qualities creating comfortable spaces for people experiencing fluctuating moods. The response is to create discrete semi-private spaces within private open spaces that offer people with bipolar differing degrees of social engagement depending on their current emotional status. The semi-private space will limit visual connection and provide a sense of enclosure and security, while the open private spaces will provide a high level of engagement encourage communication. The choice of where people site will become an indicator of their emotional status, acting as a signal for co-inhabitants.
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6.0 SITE ANALYSIS 6.1 Site Location Plan
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6.0 SITE ANALYSIS 6.2 Site Information
700 m2
1730 m2
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6.0 SITE ANALYSIS 6.3 Large Scale Analysis
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6.0 SITE ANALYSIS 6.4 Figure Ground Diagram
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6.0 SITE ANALYSIS 6.5 Transportation Analysis
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6.0 SITE ANALYSIS 6.6 Functional Analysis
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7.0 DESIGN CONCEPT 7.1 Concept Development Sufficient Natural Lighting Clear Separation of Public and Private View to Nature Flexible Use of Space Calm Space
Over Excited Reckless Energetic
Passive Surveillavnce TO CREATE A PRIVATE SPACE WITHIN LIVING ROOM
Over Depressed Loss of interest Insomnia
Destructive
Attempted Suicide
Uncontrollable . . .
Uncontrollable . . . 59
8.0 APARTMENT DESIGN 8.1 Massing Study For Apartment
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1
2
3
4
8.0 APARTMENT DESIGN 8.1 Massing Study For Apartment
To find out the best economical sufficient solution to the arrangement of the apartment, 4 different experiments were conducted. All of these attempts did not maximise the ground floor footprint. The main driver for planning the apartments is maximising sunlight into the apartment. 1. ‘L‘ shape arrangement. 2. ‘E’ shape arrangement. 3. Shared core 4. Doulbe core
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8.0 APARTMENT DESIGN 8.2 Apartment Ground Floor Plan
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8.0 APARTMENT DESIGN 8.2 Apartment Ground Floor Plan
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8.0 APARTMENT DESIGN 8.3 1st Floor Plan
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8.0 APARTMENT DESIGN 8.4 Typical Floor Plan
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8.0 APARTMENT DESIGN 8.5 Development of Two Bedroom Apartment Plan
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8.0 APARTMENT DESIGN 8.5 Feedback
Plan on the left shows the initial design for the 2 bedroom apartment. The main design driver for designing these apartment is to create a very distinguish separation between private and public space within apartment. According to the feedback, the position of the balcony is good. People will not feel they walk into a close-box apartment. The relation with nature can be helpful for those who have mental disorder. The position of bedroom is good as well as there aren’t any borrow light bedroom. However, the short coming for this apartment is obvious, there are a lot of waste space in the centre of the apartment. The size of the living room is not having a correct scale comparing to the apartment. The living space should be larger and have some connection to other public space within the apartment.
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8.0 APARTMENT DESIGN 8.5 Development of Two Bedroom Apartment Plan
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8.0 APARTMENT DESIGN 8.5 Feedback
Plan on the left shows the development of the two bedroom apartment plan. I have made a few modification to the plan. First of all, the layout of the kitchen is changed. Instead of having a one bench kitchen, a island bench is added. The size of the bedroom is reduced and the ensuite is deleted as well. There will be only one toilet in this apartment which is DDA compatiable. The bedroom doors are now located at the end of the corridor which provide more privacy to the family. However, in this version, there are still a lot of waste space. This time, the waste space is the corridor. In addition, a semi private space is created in the living room.
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8.0 APARTMENT DESIGN 8.5 Development of Two Bedroom Apartment Plan
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8.0 APARTMENT DESIGN 8.5 Feedback
Plan on the left shows the development of the two bedroom apartment plan. The purpose of this case is to minimise the corridor but provide sufficient privacy for the apartment. The laundry is now placed near the door way. A new door is placed in the corridor towards the bedroom aimed to provide an option for the owner to change the use of the two bedrooms. The owner can change these two bedrooms into 1 large size bedroom but they can also choose to have 2 separate bedrooms. The feedback shows that the corridor is still too long for a two bedroom apartment and it is still wasting a lot of space. Furthermore, it is better if the location of the laundry can be changed so that we can create a space for people to come in and rest a bit.
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8.0 APARTMENT DESIGN 8.5 Development of Two Bedroom Apartment Plan
APARTMENT V2 72
8.0 APARTMENT DESIGN 8.5 Feedback
Plan on the left shows the development of the two bedroom apartment plan. The purpose of this case is to minimise the waste space and create a more efficient apartment. In this case, the corridor to the bedroom is removed. Instead of having a corridor to separate the two bedrooms, two bedrooms are now having the same wall. The wardrobe is back to back so that the space can be saved. The laundry is now moved away from the main door. On the left of the main door, a bench is palced for people to rest on. the bottom of the bench will become the storage of the space.
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8.0 APARTMENT DESIGN 8.6 Final Version of Two Bedroom Apartment Plan
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Total Indoor Area: 70 m2 Total Outdoor Area: 5.5 m2 Total Area: 75.5 m2
8.0 APARTMENT DESIGN 8.5 Feedback
Plan on the left shows the final version of the two bedroom apartment plan. There aren’t much differences between the final version and the previous version. However, the sizes of the windows are now changed according to the position of them. Those two windows in bedroom are now changed into one large and one small. This can provide people not only the outside view, but also a sense of security when people wake up in the morning.
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8.0 APARTMENT DESIGN 8.7 Apartment Plan
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8.0 APARTMENT DESIGN 8.8 New Plan Visual Analysis
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8.0 APARTMENT DESIGN 8.8 Split Wall Visual Analysis
Since people with bipolar disorder is very sensitive with surroundings, traditional wall partitions cannot tell them who is coming into the apartment if there is a wall blocking.
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With a strip window within the wall can not only increase the light penetration, but also increase the overall surveillance within the apartment.
8.0 APARTMENT DESIGN 8.8 Calm Space Visual Diagram
1. Without barriers. Maximum visual connection.
2. With 1 wall acting as barriers. Limitted visual connection.
3. With 2 wall acting as barriers. Limitted visual connection.
4. With U shape wall acting as barriers. No visual connection.
5. With L shape wall acting as barriers. No visual connection.
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8.0 APARTMENT DESIGN 8.8 Bedroom Windows Analysis
Bedroom with 2 large windows
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Bedroom with 1 large and 1 small window
Bedroom with only 1 large window
8.0 APARTMENT DESIGN 8.9 Material Selection Anti sleppery plastic paint on wet area. Areas such as kitchen, toilet and balcony are applied this material to ensure the safty issue for people with disability. Prunier Valais Timber Floating Floor. Creating a warm welcoming atmosphere for people to come home.
Grey Carpet for bedroom floor. Bedrooms require great contrast between the wall and the ground. Moreover, bedrooms require simple colour contrast.
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8.0 APARTMENT DESIGN 8.10 Apartment Section AA
SECTION AA 82
8.0 APARTMENT DESIGN 8.10 Apartment Section BB
SECTION BB 83
8.0 APARTMENT DESIGN 8.10 Apartment Section CC
SECTION CC 84
8.0 APARTMENT DESIGN 8.11 Overall ESD Section Planter Box with Worm Farm
Solar PV Panels
Recycle timber
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8.0 APARTMENT DESIGN 8.12 Apartment Quantitative Analysis
2% Buffer Seat
Chart Title
Chart Title 58% Bedroom
17% Dining Room
7% Outdoor 46% Habitable 20% Circulation
23% Living Room
1 2 3 4 Chart Title 27% Service
27% Bathroom
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31% Storage
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42% Kitchen
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8.0 APARTMENT DESIGN 8.12 Apartment Qualitative Analysis
Quantitative Analysis
Qualitative Analysis
• Living Area
35 m2
• Physical Disability
• Services Area
20 m2
• Social Interaction
• Circulation Area
15 m2
• Public vs Private
• Balcony
5.5 m2
• Adaptability
• Total Area
75.5 m2
• Carers Access • Noisy Spaces vs Calm • Sight Lines • Optimum Orientation
OVERALL SCORE:
35/40
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8.0 APARTMENT DESIGN 8.13 Overall Apartment Section AA
SECTION AA 88
8.0 APARTMENT DESIGN 7.13 Overall Apartment Section BB
SECTION BB 89
8.0 APARTMENT DESIGN 8.14 Apartment External Facade Study
The purpose of this precedent study is to find out a way to decorate the building facade in a more efficient way. Most of the buildings creates fins on the external facade. These fins will not only acting as sun shading device, but also to identify or separate different dwellings.
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8.0 APARTMENT DESIGN 8.15 Apartment Overall Render
VIEW FROM LYGON STREET
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8.0 APARTMENT DESIGN 8.14 Apartment Overall View
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VIEW FROM FRONT DOOR
8.0 APARTMENT DESIGN 8.15 Apartment Internal Render
VIEW FROM DINNING ROOM
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8.0 APARTMENT DESIGN 8.15 Apartment Internal Render
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VIEW FROM KITCHEN
8.0 APARTMENT DESIGN 8.15 Apartment Internal Render
VIEW FROM LIVING ROOM
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8.0 APARTMENT DESIGN 8.15 Apartment Internal Render
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VIEW FROM CALM SPACE
8.0 APARTMENT DESIGN 8.15 Apartment Internal Render
VIEW FROM BEDROOM
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9.0 TOWNHOSUE DESIGN 9.1 Massing Study For Townhouses
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In order to find out a more sustainable layout arragement for these townhouses, massing study has been conducted. While doing the massing study, some of the consideration has been taken into account, such as sunlighting, building cost efficiency.
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9.0 TOWNHOUSE DESIGN 9.1 Massing Study For Townhouses
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For a developer points of view, share walls will be much cost effective. In the diagrams on the left, red lines have indicated the location of share walls. By not only trying to minimise the building cost, but also to maximise the sunlight. Therefore townhouse with more than one direction sunlighting will be much better those with only one direction of sunlight.
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9.0 TOWNHOSUE DESIGN 9.2 Shadow study for townhouse
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Spring Shadows
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Summer Shadows
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Autumn Shadows
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Winter Shadows
9.0 TOWNHOUSE DESIGN 9.3 Experiment on Townhouse Front Entrance
These images aboves shows the process of making the front door of the townhouses more obvious.
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9.0 TOWNHOSUE DESIGN 9.4 Townhouse Ground Floor Plan
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9.0 TOWNHOUSE DESIGN 9.4 Townhouses Site Plan
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9.0 TOWNHOSUE DESIGN 9.5 Development of Townhouse Ground Floor Plan
Version 1
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9.0 TOWNHOUSE DESIGN 9.5 Feedback
The Plan on the left shows the initial design for the 2 story townhouse. The initial design driver is to create a transparent townhouse which allows passive surveillance. In order to create the passive surveillance, kitchen, dining and living area are planed together. A double height living space is created in the townhouse. The double height living space will not only provide a more preferable space for people to live in, but also provides means for people on the 1st floor to communicate with ground floor. Since the bedroom on the ground floor is designed for people who are living with disability, therefore, the ground floor toilet is DDA compatible. A slide is added to connect the first floor and the ground floor.
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9.0 TOWNHOSUE DESIGN 9.5 Development of Townhouse 1sat Floor Plan
Version 1
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9.0 TOWNHOUSE DESIGN 9.5 Feedback
The first floor contents two bedrooms and one toilet. One of the bedrooms is master bedroom with an ensuite. A secondary living room is also located on the first floor with a study. A south side balcony is created on the first floor as well. However, the size of first floor seems to be too large. As the result of large size first floor, a lot of space is wasted. Therefore, due to the inefficiency of use of space, the developers tend not to develop this plan. In order to further develop this plan, another version of plan is created. By doing that, we can explore more option for the townhouse design.
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9.0 TOWNHOSUE DESIGN 9.5 Development of Townhouse Ground Floor Plan
Version 2
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9.0 TOWNHOUSE DESIGN 9.5 Feedback
The Plan on the left shows the design development for the 2 story townhouse. The initial design driver is to create a transparent townhouse which allows passive surveillance. In this plan, the location of living, kitchen and dinning space are changed. Even though the location of them are changed, they still remain a functional group. The entrance for the ground floor bedroom is now changed due to the privacy issue. The laundry is now located within the DDA toilet. The garage still remains part of the townhouse. According to the feedback, the arrangement of the ground floor plan seems to be a bit out of scale. The next step for this apartment is to find a way to minimize the waste of space.
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9.0 TOWNHOSUE DESIGN 9.5 Development of Townhouse 1sat Floor Plan
Version 2
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9.0 TOWNHOUSE DESIGN 9.5 Feedback
The Plan on the left shows the design development for the 2 story townhouse. The initial design driver is to create a transparent townhouse which allows passive surveillance. Since the location of stairs on ground floor is now changed, the layout of the first floor is changed. The void from the previous design is kept so that the idea of passive surveillance can be tackled. The balcony on the first level is shared by two bedrooms. The study area is now facing now with a large window. However, similar with the last design, the problem for the first level is the size of it and the overall layout.
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9.0 TOWNHOSUE DESIGN 9.5 Development of Townhouse Ground Floor Plan
Version 3
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9.0 TOWNHOUSE DESIGN 9.5 Feedback
The Plan on the left shows the design development for the 2 story townhouse. The initial design driver is to create a transparent townhouse which allows passive surveillance. In this plan, the location of living, kitchen and dinning space are changed. Even though the location of them are changed, they still remain a functional group. The entrance for the ground floor bedroom is now changed due to the privacy issue. The laundry is now located within the DDA toilet. The garage still remains part of the townhouse. According to the feedback, the arrangement of the ground floor plan seems to be a bit out of scale. The next step for this apartment is to find a way to minimize the waste of space.
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9.0 TOWNHOSUE DESIGN 9.5 Development of Townhouse 1sat Floor Plan
Version 3
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9.0 TOWNHOUSE DESIGN 9.5 Feedback
The Plan on the left shows the design development for the 2 story townhouse. The initial design driver is to create a transparent townhouse which allows passive surveillance. Since the location of stairs on ground floor is now changed, the layout of the first floor is changed. The void from the previous design is kept so that the idea of passive surveillance can be tackled. The balcony on the first level is shared by two bedrooms. The study area is now facing now with a large window. However, similar with the last design, the problem for the first level is the size of it and the overall layout.
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9.0 TOWNHOSUE DESIGN 9.5 Development of Townhouse Ground Floor Plan
Version 4
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9.0 TOWNHOUSE DESIGN 9.5 Feedback
The Plan on the left shows the design development for the 2 story townhouse. The initial design driver is to create a transparent townhouse which allows passive surveillance. The ground floor of the townhouse has changed due to the use of space. Instead of having a buffer zone at the door front, the living area is now placed. Kitchen is now in between Dinning and Living area. The DDA toilet now becomes the ensuite of the DDA bedroom. The location of the DDA toilet is now placed under the staircase. A separate powder room is now created. According to the feedback, the idea of passive surveillance has evolved. Moreover, the reason of out of scale on both ground floor and first floor may due to the indoor garage.
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9.0 TOWNHOSUE DESIGN 9.5 Development of Townhouse 1sat Floor Plan
Version 4
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9.0 TOWNHOUSE DESIGN 9.5 Feedback
The Plan on the left shows the design development for the 2 story townhouse. The initial design driver is to create a transparent townhouse which allows passive surveillance. The size of void on first floor is now reduced. However, the size of the first floor remains a problem. Master bedroom and a simple bedroom is now on the first floor. Study area is now placed next to the void, which can be changed into a lift if required. However, during the development of passive surveillance, one of the main design driver, distinguish separation of public and private was getting blurred. Therefore, moving to another design idea becomes a better options.
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9.0 TOWNHOSUE DESIGN 9.5 Development of Townhouse Ground Floor Plan
Version 5
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9.0 TOWNHOUSE DESIGN 9.5 Feedback
The Plan on the left shows the design development for the 2 story townhouse. The initial design driver is to create a transparent townhouse which allows passive surveillance. However, it is now changed into creating a private space in a public space. According to the feedback, the position of garage is now removed from the townhouse plan. An outdoor car space is allocated for each townhouse with cover. Instead of having two toilet on ground floor, a DDA compatible toilet is now placed under the staircase. The living space is now separated from the dinning area. However, with the application of the apartment, the laundry is blocking part of the vision. The corner of the living area has become the calm space within the public space.
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9.0 TOWNHOSUE DESIGN 9.5 Development of Townhouse 1sat Floor Plan
Version 5
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9.0 TOWNHOUSE DESIGN 9.5 Feedback
Due to the reduced size of ground floor plan, the first floor footprint is now substantially reduced. First floor now has two bedrooms with a shared toilet. A study area is provided which could be retrofitted by NDIS with a disable lift. The balcony is now located at the north side of the plan with sliding glass doors. According to the feedback, the application of bedroom windows should be applied into townhouse as well. Moreover, a calm space should be created in the balcony as well so that people who want to relax in the balcony alone can be achieved.
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9.0 TOWNHOSUE DESIGN 9.6 Final Version of Townhouse Ground Floor Plan
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9.0 TOWNHOUSE DESIGN 9.6 Final Version of Townhouse 1st Floor Plan
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9.0 TOWNHOSUE DESIGN 9.6 Final Version of Townhouse Ground Floor Plan
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Total Indoor Area: 56 m2 Total Outdoor Area: 29 m2 Total Area: 85 m2
9.0 TOWNHOUSE DESIGN 9.6 Final Version of Townhouse 1st Floor Plan
Total Indoor Area: 56 m2 Total Outdoor Area: 5.9 m2 Total Area: 61.9 m2
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9.0 TOWNHOSUE DESIGN 9.7 Retrofitted Ground Floor Plan
On ground floor, the disable lift will placed next to the storage. The position of dinning table may needs to be changed
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9.0 TOWNHOUSE DESIGN 9.7 Retrofitted 1st Floor Plan
On first floor, the study area will be removed or reduced due to the installation of disable lift
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9.0 TOWNHOSUE DESIGN 9.8 Townhouse Section AA
SECTION AA 130
9.0 TOWNHOUSE DESIGN 9.8 Townhouse Section BB
SECTION BB 131
9.0 TOWNHOSUE DESIGN 9.8 Townhouse Section CC
SECTION CC 132
9.0 TOWNHOUSE DESIGN 9.9 Material Selection
Arrow Cherry Timber Flooring. The Timber Floor will be installed as floating floor. This material will mainly be used in Living room, Dinning room, study and other circulation area. Grey Carpet for bedroom floor. Bedrooms require great contrast between the wall and the ground. Moreover, bedrooms require simple colour contrast.
Anti sleppery plastic paint on wet area. Areas such as kitchen, toilet and balcony are applied this material to ensure the safty issue for people with disability. Prunier Valais Timber Flooring. This material will be used on the staircase. The reason for not having the same material as other flooring is to enhance the contrast between the flat floor.
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9.0 TOWNHOSUE DESIGN 9.10 Townhouse Quantitative Analysis
4.6% Study
Chart Title
Chart Title 56% Bedroom
16% Dining Room
9% Carpark 6% Balcony
51% Habitable 19% Living Room
17% Circulation
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Chart Title
17% Service
19% Storage
51% Bathroom
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5 30% Kitchen
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9.0 TOWNHOUSE DESIGN 9.10 Townhouse Qualitative Analysis
Quantitative Analysis
Qualitative Analysis
• Living Area
53.7 m2
• Physical Disability
• Services Area
21.4 m2
• Social Interaction
• Circulation Area
18.6 m2
• Public vs Private
• Balcony
6 m2
• Adaptability
• Total Area
112 m2
• Carers Access • Noisy Spaces vs Calm • Sight Lines • Optimum Orientation
OVERALL SCORE:
34/40
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9.0 TOWNHOSUE DESIGN 9.11 Townhouse External Facade Study
The purpose of this precedent study is to find out a way to create a more obvious home entrance for townhouses. Feature walls and overhang can become one of the common way in identifying the front entrance of townhouses.
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9.0 TOWNHOSUE DESIGN 9.12 Townhouse Overall Render
VIEW FROM CARNARVON STREET
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9.0 TOWNHOSUE DESIGN 9.12 Townhouse Internal Render
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VIEW FROM FRONT DOOR
9.0 TOWNHOSUE DESIGN 9.12 Townhouse Internal Render
VIEW FROM KITCHEN
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9.0 TOWNHOSUE DESIGN 9.12 Townhouse Internal Render
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VIEW FROM LIVING ROOM
9.0 TOWNHOSUE DESIGN 9.12 Townhouse Internal Render
VIEW FROM STAIRS TO 1ST LEVEL
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9.0 TOWNHOSUE DESIGN 9.12 Townhouse Internal Render
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VIEW OUTSIDE DDA TOILET
9.0 TOWNHOSUE DESIGN 9.12 Townhouse Internal Render
VIEW FROM STAIRS TO STUDY
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10.0 APARTMENT TYPE 10.1 Apartment Type C 2
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Total Indoor Area: 85 m2 Total Outdoor Area: 3.5 m2 Total Area: 88.5 m2
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10.0 APARTMENT TYPE 10.1 Apartment Type D 2
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Total Indoor Area: 63 m2 Total Outdoor Area: 14 m2 Total Area: 77 m2
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10.0 APARTMENT TYPE 10.1 Apartment Type E 1
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Total Indoor Area: 53 m2 Total Outdoor Area: 4.5 m2 Total Area: 57.5 m2
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10.0 APARTMENT TYPE 10.1 Apartment Type F 2
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Total Indoor Area: 71 m2 Total Outdoor Area: 4.5 m2 Total Area: 75.5 m2
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10.0 APARTMENT TYPE 10.1 Apartment Type G 3
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Total Indoor Area: 92.5 m2 Total Outdoor Area: 5.5 m2 Total Area: 98 m2
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10.0 APARTMENT TYPE 10.1 Apartment Type H 1
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Total Indoor Area: 51 m2 Total Outdoor Area: 4 m2 Total Area: 55 m2
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10.0 STATISTIC 10.2 Apartment Statistic
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Total Site Area:
1700 m2
Total Saleable Area:
3796 m2
Total Ground Floor Shop Area:
720 m2
Total 1 Bedroom Apartment:
16 Units
Total 2 Bedroom Apartment:
32 Units
Total 3 Bedroom Apartment:
4 Units
Total Car Space:
40 Cars
Total Approximate Sales Avenue:
Median Price: $500,000 x 52 = $ 26 M
10.0 STATISTIC 10.2 Townhouse Statistic
Total Site Area:
750 m2
Total Saleable Area:
448 m2
Total Ground Car Path Area:
178 m2
Total Townhouse:
4 Units
Total Green Space
124 m2
Total Car Space:
4 Cars
Total Approximate Sales Avenue:
Median Price: $750,000 x 4 = $ 3 M
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SPECIAL THANKS TO ANDREW MARTEL (STUDIO LEADER) AND TO ALL COLLEAGUES
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