Winepress - April 2015

Page 1

Issue No. 246 / April 2015

River Stats

Stressed Vines

Environment Awards

Export News

Photo: Jim Tannock

@marlboroughwine

The Official Magazine of

www.wine-marlborough.co.nz


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In this issue... Regulars

Features

3

7

Editorial

4 Report Tasman Crop Met 16

Generation Y-ine Beth Forrest

25

NZW Export News

26

Top Tweets

27

Wine Happenings

27

News From Home and Away

Editor: Tessa Nicholson 16 Bank Street Blenheim 7201 T: 021 709 571 E: tessa.nicholson@me.com Printed by: Blenheim Print Ltd. T: 03 578 1322 WINEPRESS is printed with vegetable oil based inks on elemental chlorine free paper which is sourced 100% from well managed forests and manufactured under ISO 14001 Environmental Management Systems.

Dealing With Stressed Vines There is no doubt that some vines around the region have been water stressed after the long, dry summer. Glen Creasy looks at how you can mitigate the damage before next season.

p12

9

Drought Impacts on Rivers There were a lot of water consents withdrawn over the summer. We look at how many and ask Val Wadsworth from the MDC what the chances are of expanding the SVIS.

15 Reverse Trends

A few years back it was New Zealanders racing across the Tasman looking for opportunities. But one Australian journalist has discovered the situation has reversed, and the wine industry is a part of that trend.

p18

19 Babich Continues To Grow

It was only a year ago that Babich Wines opened their new winery in Marlborough. But already they have expanded to cope with extra demand. Part of the expansion includes an inert gas press, believed to be the only one of its kind in New Zealand.

p28

WINEPRESS March April

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RIVERSUN WHATATUTU NURSERY GISBORNE

STUNNING! There is only one word to describe it – Gisborne has put on another stunning growing season, which allows us to have good volumes of vines available for delivery this year. With the perfect mix of plantmanship, science and this stunning location our babies just can’t help but thrive.

VISIT OUR WEBSITE OR FREE CALL NOW

0800 113 747 www.riversun.co.nz

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WINEPRESS April 2015

VINES AVAILABLE FOR SPRING 2015


Ph: 03 577 9299 Web: www.wine-marlborough.co.nz marcus@wine-marlborough.co.nz For Advertising contact: Emily Hope Ph: 03 577 9299 emily@wine-marlborough.co.nz Produced by: Wine Marlborough Free to all levy paying members Associate Members: $77 +GST Wine Marlborough Board Clive Jones: cjones@nautilusestate.com Ruud Maasdam: ruud@staetelandt.co.nz Guy Lissaman: glissaman@xtra.co.nz Laurin Gane: laurin.gane@xtra.co.nz Simon Clark: simon@clarkestate.com Simon Bishell: simonbishell@outlook.com Stuart Dudley: stuartd@villamaria.co.nz Samantha Wickham: samantha@ormondnurseries.co.nz Jason Yank: jason@astrolabewines.com Rhyan Wardman: rhyan@giesen.co.nz Jack Glover: jack.glover@accolade-wines.co.nz

From the Editor It was nice to see the wine industry being acknowledged as helping increase the region’s gross domestic profit in the year ending March 2014. The latest figures from Statistics New Zealand showed that Marlborough’s GDP had increased by $213 million in that period, to $2.282 billion. It was the third largest increase of any region in New Zealand. The fact that the wine industry gained credit for that increase was a nice change. Especially after some of the negativity that has been reported locally over the past few months. The story that claimed wineries were using millions of litres of water a day while residents were being urged to conserve, was a classic case in point. A headline of Grapes Drink, People Go Dry was one of the most ridiculous I have seen in recent years. The reaction to the story was short and swift, and thankfully a little more circumspect. While no one can afford to be smug or arrogant when it comes to supporting the wine industry, it is much appreciated when the benefits it brings to everyone in the region, are acknowledged. Helping Our Helpers Hats off to Wine Marlborough, RSE Accredited Contractors, industry members and the public for jumping in so quickly to help those suffering from Cyclone Pam in Vanuatu. Within a matter of days after the cyclone wreaked havoc on the small archipelago, the Marlborough wine industry had mobilised itself to raise funds to help in the rebuild. For many years now, Marlborough has benefitted from the many workers who have come from Vanuatu to help prune, develop, and pick in our vineyards. Employing the workers from Vanuatu has allowed them to send money back to their families, to assist in education, housing and infrastructure. But much of that development has been destroyed by the cyclone. The locals are now having to start from scratch to rebuild, and the lack of money and resources is going to be the biggest hurdle to overcome. Given how important the Vanuatuans are to our industry, it is heart warming to see how many people have been prepared to help out. Building materials are being collected and will be sent straight to Vanuatu. Money raised will help purchase the products much needed by the population, enabling them to move forward. If you haven’t already given, please consider doing so.You can donate to the account established by Wine Marlborough; Marlborough Winegrowers Association: Bank Account number 06-0601-0182903-03. Please include the words Help Heal Vanuatu. In last month’s editorial on Air NZ’s new wine procurement arrangements I wrote that Villa Maria had no Central Otago Pinot Noit in their stable. That was incorrect. Thornbury Pinot Noir is made from Central Otago fruit. My apologies.

TESSA NICHOLSON tessa.nicholson@me.com WINEPRESS April 2015

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Table 1: Blenheim Weather Data – March 2015 March March 2015 March Period March 2015 compared to LTA of LTA 2014 LTA GDD’s for: Month - Max/Min¹ 209.3 107% 194.8 (1996-2014) 165.9 Month – Mean² 205.8 107% 191.8 (1996-2014) 167.7 Growing Degree Days Total Jul 14 - Mar 15 – Max/Min 1238.6 103% 1205.9 (1996-2014) 1286.2 Jul 14 - Mar 15 – Mean 1282.8 104% 1234.7 (1996-2014) 1307.2 Mean Maximum (°C) 22.3 +0.8°C 21.5 (1986-2014) 21.0 Mean Minimum (°C) 11.2 +0.8°C 10.4 (1986-2014) 9.9 Mean Temp (°C) 16.8 +0.8°C 16.0 (1986-2014) 15.4 Grass Frosts (<= -1.0°C) 0 - 0.21 (1986-2014) 1 Air Frosts (0.0°C) 0 Equal 0.0 (1986-2014) 0 Sunshine hours 244.7 106% 230.5 (1986-2014) 232.8 Sunshine hours – lowest 146.7 1980 Sunshine hours – highest 281.0 1969 Sunshine hours total – 2015 806.1 113% 715.6 (1986-2014) 735.4 Rainfall (mm) 37.4 96% 39.0 (1986-2014) 26.6 Rainfall (mm) – lowest 2.8 1969 Rainfall (mm) – highest 118.0 1979 Rainfall total (mm) – 2015 57.0 43% 130.9 (1986-2014) 123.8 Evapotranspiration – mm 98.5 98.5% 100.1 (1996-2014) 93.6 Avg. Daily Windrun (km) 203.1 80% 253.9 (1996-2014) 201.1 Mean soil temp – 10cm 16.5 +1.0°C 15.5 (1986-2014) 14.8 Mean soil temp – 30cm 19.7 +1.6°C 18.1 (1986-2014) 18.5 ¹GDD’s Max/Min are calculated from absolute daily maximum and minimum temperatures ²GDD’s Mean are calculated from average hourly temperatures Table 2: Variable weekly temperatures in Blenheim during March 2015 1 – 7 March 8 – 14 March 15 – 21 March 22 – 28 March 29 – 31 March Average for March 2015 Long-term average 1986-2014

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WINEPRESS April 2015

Mean Maximum 26.0 22.7 19.9 20.7 21.6 22.3 +0.8°C

Mean Mean Deviation Minimum from Average 13.8 19.9 +3.9°C 12.2 17.5 +1.5°C 8.3 14.1 -1.9°C 11.0 15.9 -0.1°C 10.4 16.0 equal 11.2 +0.8°C 16.8 +0.8°C

21.5 10.4 16.0

March 2015 in Marlborough started out with two very warm weeks followed by two cooler weeks. Sunshine was above average, rainfall was close to average, wind-run was well below average. Temperature March 2015 was a month of two halves temperature wise. The first two weeks recorded well above average temperatures (Table 2). The first week of March was very hot with a mean temperature of 19.9°C. To put this week into perspective it was 1.9°C warmer than the long-term mean temperature for January of 18.0°C. The mean temperature for the second week of March of 17.5°C was close to February’s long-term mean of 17.7°C. The second half of March was much cooler than the first half, with the third week bringing a rather abrupt end to the warm summer temperatures. The mean temperature of 14.1°C was 1.9°C below the long-term average for March and 5.8°C cooler than the first week of March. There were some very cool overnight temperatures during the third week. The mean temperature for the fourth week of March of 15.9°C was very close to the long-term average. Rainfall March 2015 rainfall of 37.4 mm was 96% of the long term average (Table 1). This is the highest monthly rainfall total since June 2014 (Figure 1). The highest one day rainfall total during March was 17.6 mm, recorded on the 6th March. This was also the highest one day rainfall total since 10 June 2014. Total rain for the first three months of 2015 is 57.0 mm or only 41% of


Figure 1: Monthly and cumulative rainfall for Blenheim for the nine months July 2014 to March 2015, compared to the long-term average

the long-term average of 137.9 mm; January (4.4 mm), February (15.2 mm) and March (37.4 mm). This is the driest first three month start to a year since 2001, which recorded 19.6 mm. New Rainfall Records for Blenheim With most of the nine months since July 2014 recording low rainfall, Blenheim continues to set new rainfall records. Total rainfall for the nine months from July 2014 to March 2015 was 188.4 mm. This is the lowest total

on record for this period for the 85 years 1930-2015; 73.6 mm lower than the previous lowest total of 262.0 mm, recorded for the nine months July 1982 – March 1983. Not only are the nine months July 2014 to March 2015 the driest on record for this period, but this is also the driest ever consecutive nine month period for Blenheim, regardless of which month is used as the starting point. The previous lowest consecutive 9-month rainfall total was recorded for the period November 1972 to July 1973 with a

total of 202.0 mm. 1972-1973 was a severe drought in Marlborough. Potential Evapotranspiration and Water Deficit A reminder that the potential evapotranspiration figures as reported in Table 1 in Met Report and in many newspapers are the calculated amount of water that a pasture would require to remain actively growing. For example, 140 mm of evapotranspiration in January is 4.5 mm per day. 45 m3 of water per hectare

Figure 2: Rainfall, potential evapotranspiration and water deficit for Blenheim for the nine months July 2014 to March 2015

WINEPRESS April 2015

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per day would need to be applied to keep the pasture growing. Crop factors are used to calculate the potential evapotranspiration for other crops. The crop factor for grapes is 0.5 in the height of summer, i.e. half the quoted daily potential evapotranspiration for pasture. Figure 2 displays the monthly and cumulative rainfall and potential evapotranspiration for the nine months from July 2014 to March 2015. Also displayed is the accumulating water deficit, which is potential evapotranspiration (PET) less the rainfall. PET 876.1 mm – Rain 188.4 mm = Water Deficit 687.7 mm This calculation indicates that the potential water deficit for Blenheim for the nine months July 2014 to March 2015 was 687.7 mm. The long-term average water deficit for these nine months is 391.8 mm; 687.7 mm (2014/15) – 391.8 mm (LTA) = 295.9 mm; i.e. the potential water deficit over the past nine months was 295.9 mm greater than the longterm average.

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WINEPRESS April 2015

Sunshine March 2015 recorded 244.7 hours sunshine or 106% of the long term average. Total sunshine for the first three months of 2015 was 806.1 hours; 113% of the long-term average (1986-2014) of 715.6 hours. The January to March total is 90.5 hours ahead of the longterm average. This is one extra hour of sunshine per day for the first 90 days of 2015. Frosts Although there were some cold overnight minimum temperatures during the third week of March no frosts were recorded during the month. The coolest temperatures were recorded on the morning of 18th March 2015 with an air minimum of 4.7°C and a ground minimum of 1.7°C. In contrast the first ground frost in 2014 of -1.02°C was recorded on 26 March. Wind Run March 2015 recorded average daily wind run of 203.1 km compared to the long-term average of 253.9 km (19962014); 80% of the long-term average.

Average daily wind-run in March 2014 was almost identical at 201 km. This is the fifth year in a row that March has recorded less than average wind-run. Rob Agnew Plant & Food Research / Marlborough Research Centre


Dealing With Stressed Vines Tessa Nicholson

The summer drought, following on from a year of high yields, means many vines in Marlborough have shown signs of stress this year. Dr Glen Creasy explains how to counter that for next season. Glen who is the Senior Viticulture Lecturer at Lincoln University, is also a grape grower who has experienced signs of drought stress among his own vines. “I didn’t realise just how dry the vineyard was and it got around to flowering and I started to notice that some vines already had yellow leaves. I got water on to them pretty quickly, but by then it was a bit too late and some vines were stressed enough that they didn’t set as much fruit. He explains that that is the natural fall back position for vines, which while they will counter environmental issues as best they can – still require optimum conditions to produce quality fruit. Water-stressed vines have lower levels of carbohydrates and it is carbohydrates that provide the ability to set and ripen fruit. If stress happens prior to flowering, the vines will abort the flowers. “But if stress happens after fruit set, (as has happened this season in Marlborough), the vines are stuck with the fruit and they have to ripen it to the best of their ability.Vines that have begun defoliating with fruit still on, may start to mobilise their storage carbohydrates to try and increase the sugars in the fruit, because it can’t drop the fruit by itself. Those vines

will be stressed next season with low carbohydrates, as a result of not having enough leaves and/or available water (to undergo photosynthesis) while still trying to ripen the fruit.” The best remedy for a stressed vine is to remove the fruit, don’t let it hang around trying to ripen. “If there is a crop on it, the vine is stuck. It is programmed to ripen that fruit as much as possible, to the detriment of the longevity of the vine. If you drop the crop, it no longer has to make photosynthates to go into the fruit. Instead everything it makes goes straight back to the vine.” It may be too late in the season for growers to take that option, but Glen says the other remedy is to get as much water onto the vine as possible while there are still some leaves. “You need to keep the water up as much as possible after harvest – as long as the leaves are on, the vine should be able to photosynthesise. If they have water, they keep the stomata open and make carbohydrates to go back into the vine to fill up the reservoirs for next season.” How you prune the vine this year will also have an impact on stressed vines, he says. “If it is really stressed I would probably be conservative with the pruning.You

need to recognise that the capacity of that vine is a little bit less, it doesn’t have much stored energy. So it might not be able to grow as many shoots next year.” Pruning a little bit harder, to ensure fewer shoots, is a far better way of helping the vine, than sticking with a standard pruning regime that leaves a lot of buds. This will automatically limit the amount of crop next season, but will allow the vine to recover carbohydrate levels. “You want to make sure it has a little bit more leaf on it relative to crop, so it can build up reserves.” He says it all comes back to crop loads. If the vine has a large crop, it spends all its energy trying to ripen the fruit, whereas if the crop is lighter, the vine has the capacity to build up its reserves. Ignoring the level of vine stress can cause long-term issues. Glen says the vines will get smaller and smaller, and will have weaker growth. “Eventually you would get a vine that pushes only a few shoots out that may only reach 30 cm. “Commercially we are trying to push the vine to the edge, but if it gets stressed, we need to come back from the edge and give the vine a little more leeway to use the carbohydrates and energy for something else.”

WINEPRESS April 2015

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An example of how a water stressed vine looks.

He says it doesn’t take long for vines to recover, so long as the conditions are right. If next season is a good one, without water pressures and the fruit set

is not too high, a stressed vine should come right without any intervention. However if it goes into the next growing season water stressed, or is

allowed to crop too high – the danger is that crop will have to be dropped to allow the vine to recover, at a high cost to the grower.

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Drought Impacts on Rivers Tessa Nicholson

Last month Winepress looked at the issue of water storage and how this summer has shown the need for it.This month we look at how bad the situation became at a river level. A drough over summer s no unexpec ed n p aces such as Mar borough However he 2014/15 drough was exacerba ed by he ac he season began dry a er a ong per od o be ow average ra n a R vers and aqu ers had no had he oppor un y o rebu d over w n er w h he as subs an a ra n be ng back n June 2014

The wors h area was he Sou hern Va eys C ose o 450 nd v dua s n h s area are par o he Sou hern Va ey s Irr ga on Scheme w h he Mar borough D s r c Counc ho d ng he B C ass consen o draw wa er rom he Wa rau R ver Th s scheme covers around 4500 hec ares and s us one o 115 C ass B consen s draw ng

wa er rom he Wa rau accord ng o Va Wadswor h – MDC s Env ronmen a Sc en s – Hydro ogy He sa d here are no C ass A consen s on he Wa rau and on y e gh C ass C So when he wa er r gh s ge shu down due o ow flows arge numbers o nd v dua s are a ec ed – mos o hem grape growers

WAIRAU RIVER HISTORICAL AVAILABILITY OF WATER ALLOCATION CLASSES Class C unavailable, class B restricted

O 1960-61 1961-62 1962-63 1963-64 1964-65 1965-66 1966-67 1967-68 1968-69 1969-70 1970-71 1971-72 1972-73 1973-74 1974-75 1975-76 1976-77 1977-78 1978-79 1979-80 1980-81 1981-82 1982-83 1983-84 1984-85 1985-86 1986-87 1987-88 1988-89 1989-90 1990-91 1991-92 1992-93 1993-94 1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01

N

Class B & C unavailable

m

D

No data available

m

M

A

M

218.33

179.55

138.03

115.29

108.06

311.92

216.6

224.79

213.63

151.1

129.49

115.66

175.9

279.49

237.38

170.44

139.85

121.83

109.16

99.17

91.7

83.87

76.85

70.94

67.4

65.51

61.78

59.88

64.14

82.95

76.19

66.5

61.42

70.47

65.06

61.82

58.9

60.2

74.42

67.34

60.36

54.45

51.66

51.21

77.57

286.65

188.79

126.48

101.99

84.95

75.2

68.75

63.09

57.56

54.56

53.24

50.56

48.78

43.59

39.77

38.23

37.07

39.52

36.18

33.13

31.39

30.44

29.03

27.2

26.65

28.18

26.51

24.22

23.32

21.92

20.36

18.38

16.98

25.27

24.62

21.1

18.95

17.35

14.83

15.33

16.13

14.48

14.12

12.99

13.07

13.92

14.22

14.35

14.36

14.48

13.15

11.99

11.96

11.23

11.12

10.68

9.47

8.47

8.46

8.31

8.01

8.06

8.86

131.84

304.58

100.69

73.53

297.46

121.18

86.75

67.87

57.51

49.28

41.32

39.21

35.94

33.11

33.03

32.06

28.67

32.28

126.71

138.36

88.04

66.51

54.65

45.61

39.87

35.18

32.5

30.19

29.62

28.33

31.94

30.52

27.79

24.38

23.97

22.89

22.26

21.77

20.81

19.22

17.85

17.88

17.47

24.5

24.62

20.72

20.36

32.55

613.35

202.6

130.01

98.01

75.91

82.29

91.44

87.48

75.13

66.06

60.23

55.14

52.41

47.95

44.29

42.78

40

38.51

323.93

457.77

173.82

113.74

93.38

79.85

70.67

61.86

56.52

195.94

118.44

84.98

70.86

62.47

56.95

54.2

49.55

45.62

42.49

39.48

38.08

36.44

34.01

38.39

40.36

45.7

68.05

56.54

48.57

43.38

39.55

36.82

33.97

32.76

34.01

47.99

48

41.3

36.55

34.54

32.93

30.54

29.45

27.99

32.62

28.19

26.79

24.31

25.6

117.5

269.11

69.32

58.65

51.07

46.87

42.07

40.96

38.38

37.6

34.96

189.3

171.97

161.92

172.18

170.76

170.05

182.37

159.59

141.92

135.97

129.79

124.99

125.11

128.73

153.3

181.84

173.01

161.18

144.18

136.96

131.63

136.72

133.06

129.22

127.04

125.67

132.28

365.05

395.09

232.73

184.07

156.59

141.63

124.79

113.54

108.45

109.03

108.73

113.34

129.31

353.57

529.68

416.31

211.87

138.32

111.48

98.73

159.56

106.19

90.94

79.17

72.56

67.05

61.68

55.46

51.02

49.06

48.13

48.3

64.97

127.18

84.23

65.05

54.07

49.39

44.22

40.17

37.82

35.39

34.63

33.06

31.29

28.82

30.51

30.19

28.61

30.05

27.26

24.48

21.27

19.52

18.46

16.81

15.55

14.33

13.82

12.9

12.67

12.39

11.09

11.35

48.7

87.85

95.73

71.37

43.5

32.2

61.75

66.94

43.57

32.08

23.42

18.19

14.76

175.06

1016.62

397.25

199.79

134.44

109.47

91.85

80.86

72.32

333.69

351.37

168.09

123.31

102.47

92.83

81.43

73.02

67.15

62.74

61.72

55.27

49.12

45.97

41.27

38.53

36.66

32.48

31.83

30.43

27.42

29.92

40.22

37.29

32.29

30.63

29.23

27.62

25.86

24.37

22.98

21.54

19.39

19.23

19.59

18.7

17.78

17.8

16.77

16.06

16.89

264.7

230.23

91.34

73.61

68.49

63.31

113.58

216.36

116.09

129.95

108.82

93.05

77.21

65.83

56.88

48.44

44.07

43.86

40.4

36.27

30.76

29.17

26.07

23.67

21.32

19.95

18.31

17.21

18.51

17.43

16.23

15.73

14.62

12.91

12.17

13.49

12.47

13.38

16.49

15.47

12.81

12.36

126.6

152.76

71.92

51.91

43.26

36.97

31

31.79

28.81

26.87

23.46

21.47

20.49

19.78

132.61

882.97

621.79

344.23

193.83

503.37

626.3

365.28

231.61

220.71

155

130.27

143.31

111.1

96.12

86.45

77.92

71.83

68.12

242.06

496.04

478.59

276.71

180.16

134.74

114.41

103.67

93.96

85.24

77.85

78.51

76.39

119.41

137.09

268.63

524.57

1053.02

1149.32

602.13

484.12

416.46

341.87

272.83

224.55

188.81

161.38

147.56

139.92

150.33

138.82

160

235.8

183.45

161

140.82

136.73

1243.37

761.56

531.96

561.39

530.56

397.72

301.25

242.96

201.48

283.54

462.06

517.63

441.94

341.14

272.86

216.44

182.56

160.15

138.32

123.86

112.63

103.98

96.46

94.5

90.43

83.7

78.53

79.49

73.36

69.85

66.54

65.26

63.6

93.17

100.19

78.98

67.03

62.43

76.87

105.3

92.35

77.68

69.52

66.84

71.01

63.23

55.7

50.41

45.81

43.95

41.82

44.33

58.44

46.68

40.35

36.34

33.84

32.62

32.67

32.9

34.27

32.01

28.37

41.65

90.47

55.7

44.63

39.08

37.84

34.11

31.75

30.09

28.14

26.53

25.68

25.81

25.77

34.89

45.15

36.61

36.1

29.77

26.14

24.69

22.93

21.18

19.23

18.92

17.85

17.09

14.71

13.13

12.86

11.95

11.93

11.39

10.38

9.7

9.97

9.5

8.8

7.43

6.48

6.2

5.7

6.32

7.03

10.36

27.49

86.43

52.66

38.47

30.38

23.79

20.27

22.71

45.36

326.74

122.46

209.71

627.55

367.71

219.21

152.04

124.9

128.49

110.49

99.9

86.73

75.68

71.44

72.37

64.68

58.14

53.67

51.22

164.35

123.97

86.02

72.27

75.45

67.37

59.66

58.02

58.38

52.68

49.43

45.47

43.2

39.53

36.57

35.05

34.34

33.02

31.44

82.84

68.1

51.81

44

188.35

164.01

100.9

78.48

65.41

54.13

48.02

42.87

37.96

34.95

32.85

33.52

32.54

28.68

27.12

27.11

26.27

24.85

24.81

25.3

25.43

24.64

22.28

21.13

20.24

19.82

19.02

18.21

18.98

47.24

72.79

245

609.22

315.37

153.75

88.08

54.54

37.96

29.04

23.92

19.87

17.22

25.57

49.9

28.72

22.87

18.97

20.56

18.15

14.44

12.71

12.1

10.79

10.23

11.11

13.43

14.66

13.35

339.32

580.64

247.58

71.2

90.1

56.88

20.01

201.25

136.74

63.58

177.67

140.63

47.78

89.02

77.97

86.23

67.29

59.56

59.61

70.44

70.99

66.12

61.99

59

51.71

45.34

41.25

39.97

40.96

40.52

38.55

36.8

35

33.75

34.06

34.66

35.04

37.08

37.58

36.5

33.31

32.81

35.34

55.66

90

63.75

41.86

38.02

41.68

65.43

58.76

330.19

423.96

237.28

154.4

117.37

98.07

74.74

77.41

58.85

55.08

50.09

46.04

42.22

40.74

46.47

44.67

45.92

41.96

35.17

32.06

35.11

61.15

50.22

40.72

35.75

31.57

30.3

29.07

29.06

30.99

30.32

25.77

23.49

22.83

23.05

23.93

24.48

22.71

21.96

20.7

19.36

18.7

18.52

16.83

154.14

86.85

64.86

52.74

434.45

267.15

159.42

321.04

219.02

159.06

133.06

111.8

245.34

208.2

158.27

123.91

115.24

104.88

293.97

242.06

172.48

132.69

108.71

99.46

86.47

76.12

68.85

64.72

57.65

54.71

55.82

53.59

49.29

45.66

41.02

38.95

35.56

32.79

30.47

29.84

28.25

29.27

29.78

36.25

35.71

29.63

78.37

55.82

40.57

33.67

32.28

30.77

28.58

27.02

24.01

24.7

28.64

172.96

93.29

64.81

78.68

69.27

56.42

49.47

46.44

42.13

87.78

137.02

152.07

114.06

104.64

167.18

151.71

112.51

91.33

103.59

78.84

65.74

63.02

52.69

46.86

46.64

114.73

105.93

76.07

102.77

247.05

173

139.47

114.32

96.75

82.48

75.68

68.42

66.47

115.24

203.07

165.53

165.09

158.05

140.14

134.27

130.79

126.76

115

203.55

262.65

212.66

156.36

125.93

111.5

101.54

95.09

95.81

96.24

84.54

79.9

167.81

406.61

258.99

178.63

173.71

145.41

123.89

112.97

107.06

94.52

88.98

80.17

75.16

72.2

77.93

75.7

119.27

1001.75

350.25

216.63

169.97

148.02

121.96

115.64

104.08

93.34

80.96

73.33

96.17

225.42

160.33

123.62

111.81

288.4

187.42

145.63

124.94

109.82

119.54

118.67

100.03

93.53

93.59

86.01

80.52

71.92

80.77

140.29

111.86

86.35

71.84

64.03

58.91

56.28

65.94

79.63

69.78

57.27

52.44

47.75

52.08

65.53

49.7

42.07

39.71

52.89

41.93

37

33.74

31.22

31.05

67.37

94.26

65.29

52.52

44.59

40.55

37.62

151.32

158.21

208.26

206.63

146.63

116.48

95.6

87.45

83.4

75.98

79.58

86.79

72.73

61.23

50.52

45.05

40.57

36.5

34.61

33.4

30.42

30.28

60.8

44.99

35.69

31.67

28.04

32.77

34.21

28.8

26.91

26.3

24.59

25.45

24.94

23.09

20.95

19.84

19.14

17.03

17.56

23.2

38.2

38.7

31.7

26.59

23.63

21.44

19.68

17.79

17.07

16.5

16.26

16.15

17.59

17.1

16.24

15.25

15.03

14.93

18.84

44.57

38.19

26.82

28.21

29.06

24.08

20.76

19.12

19.44

31.54

24.79

27.83

28.68

24.67

21.58

25.44

29.57

24.08

23.44

24.42

25.52

24.89

21.96

21.72

20.84

19.6

19

18.18

16.94

15.85

16.08

16.9

32.77

46

34.26

30.97

25.7

31.85

38.17

48.62

48.96

36.71

31.22

27.65

26.6

27.83

24.86

23.04

21.31

19.93

18.4

18.43

18.39

17.14

17.15

187.97

142.56

84.4

62.69

55.16

50.4

92.63

83.87

62.25

51.71

47.57

42.07

42.61

67.79

56.16

91.97

74.43

62.71

51.43

46.35

43.99

41.92

48.79

50.92

46.67

39.33

35.56

38.59

38.52

30.89

27.38

27.82

28.26

30.31

32.29

29.5

27.3

35.68

49.08

64.34

49.17

40.78

38.79

232.32

121.38

72.66

56.61

72.97

332.24

298.23

207.26

149.56

109.6

96.92

129.4

225.89

141.59

105.29

86.62

329.78

678.94

331.39

223.45

174.87

142.77

123.28

106.37

96.56

93.9

90.79

105.6

95.01

84.33

83.72

70.58

63.64

60.21

55.78

53.04

57.57

52.43

47.52

43.35

42.9

43.88

42.76

38.87

42.16

211.22

184.49

105.72

118.79

109.14

91.17

75.8

66.77

58.9

53.03

60.7

70.56

73.94

124.59

103.71

105.34

123.02

110.46

82.5

68.96

84.11

120.66

101.27

79.09

68.12

59.7

52.72

48.22

44.16

43.5

43

37.45

33.47

30.34

28.74

29.54

137.65

112.53

173

167.95

103.13

77.54

63.3

55.36

47.78

44.3

44.34

54.91

44.35

37.93

34.12

31.48

28.1

27

25.64

24.02

22.58

21.48

19.97

19.04

17.52

16.51

16.6

16.11

15.24

15.23

39.82

41.35

45.91

351

113.15

62.5

48.74

39.59

35.13

37.72

32.45

37.66

29.74

24.56

20.55

17.39

14.7

13.23

13.79

13.2

13.37

13.26

11.87

11.75

11.36

12.55

14.69

13.49

13.16

16.01

25.73

26.15

22.75

19.35

18.53

17.31

15.07

32.58

187.67

94.54

72.15

58.63

50.02

45.37

46.25

45.53

42.09

80.26

713.6

214.29

127.34

94.77

80.74

73.85

70.34

66.64

64.75

61.03

58.66

56.34

51.66

49.29

47.62

50.03

787.04

404.38

193.35

140.16

722.68

458.21

309.02

235.4

174.57

133.48

112.62

91.12

78.3

68.35

62.2

59.13

56.14

56.37

55.99

48.89

48.35

44.57

41.22

38.87

36.24

33.01

31.26

43.64

908.56

346.39

170.07

114.38

86.91

69.18

56.62

52.27

63.02

56.81

50.51

44.43

45.66

202.52

234.78

230.3

162.85

126.46

104.05

90.55

77.99

65.34

54.46

54.37

48.75

47.08

46.37

49.7

45.53

41.54

41.95

43.57

38.98

36.66

36.4

34.03

32.97

42.84

50.12

49.75

41.52

40.13

47.09

56.71

282.85

207.11

217.78

437.48

290.8

181.58

125.32

99.93

82.36

99.39

786.53

384.5

265.15

195.17

153.55

127.06

123.54

103.51

90.09

78.55

71.14

67.51

61.27

64.45

86.26

72.03

66.87

60.34

52.92

48.74

50.74

48.09

42.89

147.75

194.37

114.55

95.99

97.57

86.27

72.41

64.67

57.85

54.62

95.15

87.26

70.44

66.96

73.22

88.84

77.8

66.91

56.71

53.57

104.85

75.11

60.17

53.15

47.8

42.82

41.15

39.91

63.4

104.31

72.7

54.73

46.13

42.72

37

34.64

34.94

32.36

28.26

27.46

26.21

36.54

32.82

26.87

24.46

26.11

23.64

74.5

156.55

74.58

53.86

47.36

39.58

34.59

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

33.82

33.67

34.25

29.38

26.3

24.65

22.68

52.57

445.97

226.53

145.38

140.11

103.91

81.28

69.07

61.32

52.75

47.05

42.75

38.52

35.05

31.96

30.29

64.62

63.54

65.63

377.52

315.3

161.69

112.97

91.88

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

27.13

29.54

28.43

27.75

27.06

117.88

275.77

92.01

77.72

65.98

62.28

52.16

43.67

40.22

40.81

40.83

39.98

43.72

41.9

39.09

33.48

29.29

27.94

25.39

26.33

25.48

25.27

25.2

22.69

21.36

19.25

18.65

17.58

17.33

66.95

75.31

57.25

46.93

50.78

47.48

44.43

38.12

42.07

352.65

495.44

1122.46

771.99

385.71

251.64

188.24

145.55

335.28

353.91

302.36

209.62

334.02

697.2

744.26

345.69

291.82

210.58

235.66

633.38

412.15

292.46

219.65

176.01

154.69

131.74

119.36

109.66

94.71

99.41

100.3

94.47

92.24

236.86

311.9

163.75

250.65

624.79

722.07

423.95

1256.76

817.96

464.31

324.64

258.29

230.82

203.65

175.12

148.63

157.5

463.79

255.93

181.35

155.01

144.38

133.43

122.67

213.9

221.3

208.77

202.45

170.57

139.67

177.42

169.96

157.45

179.97

167.25

193.32

150.16

132.63

137.19

138.36

115.73

101.4

89.06

74.04

69.39

78.82

98.66

90.39

71.34

62.33

56.29

41.56

41.88

44.72

66.41

56.23

46.49

49.11

41.83

37.06

37.02

33.64

31.52

28.86

28.76

27.97

22.58

22.05

29.53

23.18

33.12

24.83

216.94

271.71

278.65

242.33

204.59

176.65

165.76

157.07

159.09

151.92

120.84

103.98

93.78

91.83

105.1

136.59

176.06

148.95

120.58

107.54

89.73

78.52

71.12

67.89

71.66

63.4

58.83

61.26

75.28

216.44

171.34

147.39

235.09

185.28

178.24

150.69

121.09

99.67

84.7

73.64

63.76

58.64

56.58

68.36

56.15

51.78

50.99

44.59

40.5

49.1

62.28

48.93

39.12

36.43

39.53

42.11

43.51

35.9

30.25

25.26

21.68

20.71

18.88

20.25

20.65

16.28

83.98

76.8

124.24

1318.51

574.28

399.58

389.96

377.29

322.96

301.16

307.71

312.42

272.23

238.01

208.04

196.08

183.51

251.12

194.04

167.16

480.09

390.69

299.11

235.58

199.84

181.28

156.42

188.42

204.98

167.04

146.73

139.72

130.59

123.3

121.38

119.68

116.67

120.98

119.13

122.76

118.85

117.79

116.49

111.94

113.54

119.02

143.08

173.86

143.77

145.7

139.69

127.78

115.89

106.71

105.98

166.9

207.93

250.04

183.69

154.1

130.67

116.14

117.77

113.14

104.49

106.33

52.87

46.69

41.57

39.97

41.51

38.78

39.1

35.91

36.06

53.54

27.64

26.9

27.1

26.05

25.74

25.62

27.82

25.38

28.12

27.42

24.24

20.49

19.92

20.09

35.55

26.29

48.41

21.02

0

145.26

19.36

0

119.83

34.88

0

101.14

31.77

0

110.61

39.66

0

218.62

114.8

0

0

0

0

0

141.53

134.9

126.79

126.91

126.14

122.24

116.67

115.17

111.51

0

0

0

0

246.25

0

801.81

0

540.44

0

329.41

0

235.59

0

184.74

0

156.26

0

135.27

0

125.38

0

122.19

0

107.03

0

97.05

89.47

84.52

81.6

0

81.81

83.35

87.63

138.55

128.87

95.81

83.89

97.38

127.32

152.57

121.79

98.15

93.38

83.69

75.14

55.69

39.16

32.16

31.1

32.66

34.36

35.92

55.49

51.2

42.95

36.21

36.94

286.44

264.28

181.75

112.8

77.57

62.59

49.41

131.28

423.04

341.76

192.69

131.97

84.84

69.48

46.5

43.1

14.87

16.73

23.95

18.09

14.47

13.66

12.3

10.94

12.19

72.83

50.52

32.64

24.59

18.93

17.04

16.23

14.28

13.66

12.26

12.46

16.65

16.1

12.42

11.34

9.9

9.59

9.47

8.38

7.94

17.6

100.37

89.44

85.13

85.53

87.3

82.98

79.01

76.29

73.19

69.04

67.25

66.41

66.84

64.91

63.76

66.2

71.96

65.67

65.26

65.26

65.26

65.26

65.26

64.89

62.17

91.92

477.82

246.76

134.56

90.56

66.2

60.19

52.09

0

186.83

0

0

0

327.24

0

241.98

0

182.71

0

145.3

0

120.24

0

1401.53

532.39

111.33

42.23

53.55

122.42

114.51

72.44

58.87

50.85

45.32

125.95

103.71

86.69

127.94

111.35

80.85

65.44

102.72

56.41

54.06

49.61

41.27

38.34

35.57

28.86

19.14

0

0

0

0

93.27

84.31

0

190.67

0

145.83

0

104.27

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

83.91

75.41

73.48

62.79

59.45

54

48.62

45.63

58.94

34.67

31.19

29.39

27.76

33.71

29.38

25.58

29.17

27.26

26

24.36

22.9

23.61

25.34

14.33

14.05

19.24

46.14

28.31

23.03

19.53

99.01

109.35

43.87

60.65

135.14

75.7

56.13

46.64

41.03

42.51

35.14

31.13

32.27

39.79

40.16

79.27

64.15

55.62

49.81

42.97

38.72

36.4

34.65

33.59

34.03

33.73

35.19

31.75

19.62

20.68

21.21

22.23

21.18

20.19

18.68

17.68

17.21

16.44

15.71

15.58

14.89

0

111.34

0

0

0

0

0

55.82

47.05

40.96

36.57

33.85

35.62

32.45

30.08

29.09

29.44

27.62

24.33

22.81

22.35

23

24.62

32.6

28.85

26.01

23.46

23.84

22.83

22.21

20.28

20.87

19.33

19.71

18.45

17.69

17.26

16.84

85.93

122.92

73.17

48.63

71.34

0

57.79

0

45.57

0

39.97

0

35.57

0

34.12

0

30.93

0

27.85

0

26.46

0

25.01

23.57

22.25

64.14

53.43

47.26

40.44

36.52

0

35.01

0

38.61

0

94.07

0

88.26

29.74

51

0

67.16

29.45

64.52

557.83

20.88

31.86

94.99

27.35

16.78

34.8

126

748.4

16.66

36.33

39.68

28.64

19.65

33.91

69.8

150.8

20.42

79.78

45.73

30.51

21.74

103.7

115.19

113.24

23.33

168.8

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

31.37

29.77

27.61

25.88

25.12

23.93

23.82

30.45

29.52

25.55

23.18

21.6

20.82

19.83

24.11

575.42

285.45

168.78

208.92

228.65

239.72

174.4

134.81

112.94

90.55

77.61

66.6

57.79

52.24

47.55

44.42

40.35

38.63

37.35

36.28

33.78

32.55

32.1

37.78

88.62

60.46

47.15

40.21

37.67

36.98

34.32

475.21

2092.73

697.37

400.9

292.96

226

183.64

187.42

171.91

140.18

121.01

111.32

100.87

93.49

87.68

96.07

101.16

86.83

78.15

70.18

63.18

59.78

53.4

50.81

62.39

66.44

119.81

99.83

167.81

150.36

114.04

88.9

74.17

66.59

59.66

54.71

52.31

50.64

142.09

218.14

141.36

448.91

351.35

268.37

190.7

144.22

125.08

648.02

440.51

279.18

222.45

195.36

81.07

62.79

66.11

67.18

57.14

47.8

45.67

42.44

40.57

37.84

37.59

51.85

57.83

47.59

39.26

36.88

35.65

80.1

147.8

117.94

81.41

64.47

55.03

46.58

42.21

41.27

37.44

34.91

31.95

97.3

118

64.43

47.48

40.29

36.88

34.22

32.06

29.79

27.44

25.57

24.2

23.01

22.02

21.47

19.9

19.56

19.74

19.65

18.36

17.35

18.01

18.31

16.62

16.07

15.09

14.31

13.6

13.5

12.59

12.24

12.08

12.06

11.8

17.95

19.38

15.54

13.51

12.72

38.23

32.05

23.31

19.58

38.51

145.49

62.04

43.45

37.91

33.39

48.18

63.29

42.89

37.57

38.82

187.02

110.43

71.6

57.4

49.83

45.43

41.97

37.2

35.68

35.43

38.73

42.95

38.51

48.74

107.89

71.74

59.68

53.95

46.54

43.07

39.9

36.83

34.08

32.78

78.7

86.3

62.16

389.13

384.94

198.6

212.71

167.64

135.03

112.4

96.89

84.8

74.94

64.6

25.24

23.49

22.24

21.13

20.06

17.58

16.8

16.35

15.5

14.85

14.38

13.83

13.09

12.88

12.27

11.59

10.9

10.57

11.14

10.95

10.86

10.57

10.14

9.72

9.62

9.44

9.42

46.77

35.28

20.21

16.22

14.43

13.25

14.54

269.53

138.94

70.37

66.71

52.57

41.17

119.26

542.55

205.46

118.98

87.6

83.39

96.7

81.47

107

74.46

55.96

45.46

46.8

48.76

39.43

33.71

25.94

24.32

24.88

26.41

29.57

175.12

238.67

137.94

97.94

75.24

50.17

43.85

38.36

33.4

30.7

27.3

26

24.33

21.91

20.59

20.74

20.55

19.33

18.69

17.9

16.86

16.95

17.75

16.95

15.45

14.93

20.18

28.55

20.05

17.04

15.98

15.05

14.12

14.29

65.16

599.78

256.01

130.64

80.48

56.87

45.96

38.04

33.24

29.55

27.93

28.69

28.89

53.58

105.94

69.82

51.75

46.64

39.01

32.38

30.01

27.51

26.3

23.35

19.57

16.69

15.74

15.11

14.03

12.86

11.61

10.56

10.41

10.05

9.44

8.83

9.07

9.21

9.23

9.49

9.25

8.19

7.57

7.46

19.19

372.99

378.24

201.28

116.06

82.29

62.59

52.89

42.5

40.2

44.77

38.74

33.25

29.26

26.23

22.32

21.11

19.8

18.36

17.25

16.85

16.34

14.89

13.65

12.69

12.61

12.13

11.3

11.64

10.3

10.4

15.21

28.03

25.41

18.29

14.92

13.25

12.9

11.73

10.77

10.44

10.46

10.25

9.84

9.33

8.86

9

9.27

8.68

8.66

12.64

22.57

20.7

16.16

13.61

12.6

12.04

158.35

236.71

135.56

84.06

61.36

49.42

39.94

31.1

27.49

25.11

23.35

21.38

20.61

21.86

23.11

24.21

80.25

90.36

58.47

45.71

40.24

34.19

327.52

809.75

475.5

276.92

207.98

168.68

143.41

125.5

112.72

104.22

95.97

89

83.33

79.77

75.99

74.98

72.78

70.87

177.46

16.92

15.32

14.26

13.31

12.98

12.63

11.77

0

9.24

9.23

9.58

8.85

8.07

7.3

6.8

6.44

6.32

6.15

5.92

6.09

5.99

6.3

13.38

13

8.23

7.5

6.26

5.87

5.87

5.38

5.21

35.09

71.28

24.33

7.86

6.09

16.11

156.13

99.95

42.67

28.87

18.68

12.24

9.28

11.04

9.5

6.93

5.88

5.14

4.56

4.29

4.8

9.79

34.48

29.78

18.62

23.79

20.45

14.57

10.74

8.27

7.34

6.1

5.58

803.2

839.87

233.3

143.23

91.96

59.49

44.72

33.93

28.26

24.24

22.09

18.75

16.54

14.45

12.22

10.88

10.91

18.14

80.82

41.48

26.66

45.05

34.62

25.37

20.56

16.62

14.11

14.16

12.14

10.7

10.24

9.69

9.07

8.44

7.86

7.78

128.06

105.64

874.82

801.23

379.9

222.73

134.32

94.23

68.44

53.18

43.33

43.75

38.99

32.49

39.37

42.65

60.38

403.37

34.53

20.76

16.04

13.16

12.07

13.25

12.64

140.02

1022.06

1966.22

887.62

463.5

321.42

290.03

337.63

267.88

226.23

204.12

175.05

153.57

139.5

129.45

122.29

118.39

111.44

110.32

109.84

106.97

96.94

86.9

79.82

75.81

72.66

69.92

72.09

97.51

83.71

89.85

173.12

196.36

170.55

269.25

182.66

135.27

111.08

94.01

86.08

77.09

69.35

63.62

57.99

52.96

49.53

47.36

46.23

45.22

41.47

36.97

34.85

35.72

46.28

58.06

49.87

46.03

36.81

35.17

32.02

32.3

34.31

33.22

31.76

39.14

39.68

31.22

29.66

29.84

29.1

25.87

23.51

23.23

43.02

50.34

38.26

30.27

26.88

24.45

43.74

108.87

130.34

78.84

57.39

50.34

43.17

38.22

36.07

32.19

28.27

25.93

24.62

25.04

25.33

23.79

22.35

21.62

23.6

22.53

19

17.59

16.19

15.86

15.33

14.59

13.01

12.31

11.7

11.49

12.08

11.82

11.14

10.54

9.71

9.16

9.16

8.84

8.7

8.17

7.36

6.44

5.59

4.98

4.23

4.14

4.99

5.43

5.13

5.2

5.58

5.45

5.07

4.95

4.72

4.53

4.27

4

3.69

3.71

3.93

3.71

3.37

3.38

3.3

3.07

2.93

2.73

2.56

2.97

9.38

11.02

8.5

8.26

7.06

6.36

8.22

8.83

10.88

14.36

11.46

11

10.53

9.5

8.92

8.08

7.13

7.07

6.79

6.55

6.56

6.39

6.12

5.7

5.36

5.15

4.95

4.82

5.1

4.92

4.45

4.07

3.78

3.72

3.65

3.5

3.29

3.19

3.23

3.34

3.26

3.48

3.61

9.04

11.88

8.71

7.43

62.39

199.17

111.99

187.46

127.77

81.44

59.02

50.09

47.01

57.03

50.58

41.8

34.79

32.01

35.16

49.05

61.41

47.14

62.57

128.04

92.96

149.21

151.98

115.32

88.72

73.65

69.94

67.84

62.7

55.26

64.15

62.1

52.32

48.74

54.05

51.83

44.96

42.44

37.76

43.63

49.15

32.2

34.3

37.54

32.89

29.79

26.08

24.14

22.92

22.54

21.64

20.9

19.54

19.23

20.15

24.78

23.99

20.76

19.36

17.93

16.04

16.02

19.2

36.24

55.42

46.67

36.89

30.09

27.8

22.15

20.61

18.85

21.21

38.85

49.11

364.38

233.53

162.75

144.04

146.33

114.13

93.5

75.53

68.21

124.7

138.96

143.47

132.38

109.49

92.71

82.93

72.9

156.55

433.68

202.99

140.71

120.47

104

88.02

75.45

66.66

60.25

68.6

68.99

57.27

51.09

47.27

44.64

44.91

41.14

37.15

35.2

33.39

31.18

29.87

28.43

26.85

26.37

24.66

27.9

141.61

84.63

58.51

49.94

41.38

36.35

48.17

55.88

43.89

37.86

33.7

30.24

28.39

33.13

51.5

55.79

41.14

35.15

31

27.58

54.6

97.64

58.31

44.74

38.29

33.37

29.51

26.52

25.03

26.27

26.36

23.55

23.52

22.87

20.23

18.58

18.43

17.31

16.32

15.07

14.39

13.79

13.12

12.35

11.93

11.5

11.13

11.04

35.78

48.15

32.12

26.21

22.4

35.29

32.51

26.82

23.21

21.59

53.05

241.56

147.34

96.53

75.22

58.27

48.93

43.74

41.13

74.23

67.26

50.59

42.62

37.68

35.39

32.56

31.3

29.94

27.2

23.96

21.68

21.9

21.08

19.41

18.62

17.73

16.49

15.58

15.36

28.17

25.47

36.03

35.98

27.62

24.66

22.05

20.59

19.82

19.34

18.18

16.36

15.4

15.4

15.14

14.16

13.33

13.15

13.49

284.43

507.87

2131.76

1162.44

505.8

370.4

306.09

227.46

170.99

132.43

135.03

377.6

646.31

1668.4

610.93

360.23

273.56

219.8

180.23

153.26

128.01

112.03

101.76

86.02

75.75

68.36

62.59

56.3

53.24

50.09

47.14

43.13

40.82

36.67

32.5

33.9

31.85

29.5

27.01

25.67

34.61

40.59

32.16

27.64

26.15

25.25

23.78

22.75

20.87

22.22

42.87

45.87

70.6

54.94

53.84

178.77

474.82

271.61

119

90.25

75.22

69.69

64.58

61.86

66.7

211.21

1049.55

883.09

517.64

389.06

321.98

273.08

239.77

212.65

188.1

175.01

186.57

198.29

181.44

181.66

184.69

189.71

171.33

156.24

301.98

301.83

244.3

202.79

175.06

154.32

138.03

127.38

118.14

111.74

105.06

102.75

113.62

153.09

185.21

201.45

160.8

139.13

125.52

178.37

342.73

219.17

173.93

150.56

132.01

116.37

111.96

102.81

90.72

82.56

81.96

82.66

82.84

77.69

74.1

71.15

68.22

66.05

73

69.32

65.61

58.88

54.95

57.27

77.16

74.2

65.82

57.75

53.59

55.45

56.68

51.36

47.17

42.23

39.71

39.06

36.59

36.95

49.33

38.68

34.79

35.83

51.96

54.06

42.17

35.9

34.09

32.46

30.36

28.6

27.42

26.23

26.72

33.49

45.38

44.09

36.65

31.53

27.58

26.07

23.94

26.5

45.14

45.83

37.53

77.89

190.75

123.36

105.46

86.99

74.21

61.73

62.89

81

94.37

80.66

101.14

110.05

88.06

75.65

65.86

59.89

58.12

55.65

50.62

46.93

41.45

38.01

35.26

33.57

34.51

82.69

81.9

68.44

82.09

68.12

55.67

48.8

45.34

52.96

52.29

46.36

42.88

41.4

40.54

52.24

58.08

48.05

40.89

44.79

161.93

127.23

95.69

77.97

68.7

62.13

155.85

649.82

1072.74

423.89

281.47

374.17

315.93

227.94

180.93

151.1

127.46

109.71

99.8

93.51

83.96

77.72

72.73

64.13

62.79

76.57

224.65

2485.98

720.08

411.47

295.34

240.39

208.05

203.33

182.32

163.42

152.55

141.11

133.11

125.48

117.3

109.51

105.71

102.86

99.83

96.07

92.65

431.74

460.33

249.29

188.07

160.43

143.17

123.51

112.9

107.89

103.75

99.23

104.72

97.99

89.43

84.5

80.51

78.4

77.01

71.9

69.29

68.82

67.97

63.81

64.6

79.85

99.19

147.41

400.36

365.63

280.27

252.74

232.73

255.73

258.53

209.77

198.32

187.56

162.79

141.06

137.39

69.41

67.98

67.42

81.14

89.66

79.01

73.07

68.08

66.1

63.63

60.69

56.48

76.16

421.93

335.35

204.28

147

114.38

147.98

138.9

105.02

109.16

277.15

198.49

147.92

201.97

274.97

361.93

286.51

232.81

192.09

155.55

133.97

217.59

311.01

294.52

243.97

261.49

297.36

316.87

264.35

219.92

181.92

155.82

136.78

118.82

103.08

103.58

101.12

83.76

84.17

107.15

109.68

91.41

79.62

70.39

62.47

176.02

199.89

129.93

107.38

100.06

93.56

84.86

77.46

70.57

71.16

64.73

56

51.33

46.62

45.91

45.31

42.88

42.23

41.24

37.17

35.48

36.67

130.08

97.81

63.75

50.9

42.48

38.04

38.5

50.1

46.59

40.12

40.51

37.75

33.49

31.1

29.49

28.51

26.56

23.72

22.35

22.77

23.72

22.1

51.4

62.61

47.5

44.73

147.32

141.61

95.17

73.29

67.37

71.75

66.47

53.27

45.61

43.46

64.08

59.97

63.06

1325.86

592.71

698.21

445.77

286.04

211.07

164.18

138.75

116.6

99.73

85.59

76.86

74.25

67.24

61.09

61.4

56.96

53.91

51.27

47.44

44.14

40.34

37.4

33.54

32.89

32.85

33.08

30.36

27.76

25.4

24.42

22.58

20.66

21.37

20.69

19.31

18.38

17.84

18.74

18.17

16.02

15.83

16.11

20.67

18.84

17.61

17.71

16.7

15.63

15.11

14.33

13.81

13.63

13.18

12.72

12.85

21.42

21.44

18.06

16.69

16.2

14.79

79.91

292.08

117.1

69.69

53.49

44.25

37.05

31.54

27.95

24.97

23.49

128.63

294.6

139.74

89.21

69.43

54.54

43.87

39.98

34.8

31.69

28.79

26.3

25.79

25.47

26.52

31.95

29.32

25.28

22.25

19.54

21.96

56.38

60.26

52.07

39.3

31.94

28.37

27.5

73.71

51.82

84.46

124.87

86.77

65.74

60.22

54.13

47.83

45.56

40.31

38.53

46.36

177.11

122.17

90.64

74.48

63.7

62.43

150.03

100.93

76.36

60.78

51.9

22.3

20.98

21.42

20.55

20.14

98

78.03

55.44

47.32

44.4

42.22

38.71

40.59

40.47

38.02

27.69

13.91

13.36

12.93

13.52

13.43

12.06

12.05

20.77

27.93

34.77

122.95

85.73

69.13

65.75

59.66

55.23

53.26

54.63

53.84

54.11

48.58

45.3

41.81

41.39

41.03

45.61

45.67

46.87

47.74

45.51

49.14

89.59

92.22

84.34

94.26

88.65

77.66

71.35

123.07

132.88

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

28.13

27.4

85.89

65.23

49.27

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

22.63

87.4

490.22

958.86

597.02

269.83

185.68

136.41

109.62

91.04

79.88

69.35

61.7

56.05

51.86

49.73

45.3

42.72

40.05

37.54

35.02

55.59

52.86

54.83

52.23

46.87

43.91

43.04

50.05

84.09

127.19

136.22

160.23

153.76

151.1

187.94

165.43

143.78

142.67

290.23

281.02

218.51

172.41

145.78

127.7

116.64

121.94

110.5

92.64

81.94

71.19

69.24

70.89

74.03

68.79

66.72

85.3

275.63

192.28

150.16

138.73

132.99

115.97

99.13

84.77

71.53

61.14

55.52

48.57

49.88

53.35

53.1

53.41

54

63.91

72.03

110.96

110.11

84.79

73.5

70.53

192.99

260.72

236.23

233.24

178.43

141.08

260.47

291.08

196.23

210.58

344.65

233.15

176.19

146.87

135.83

133.3

115.08

103.43

95.76

115.52

294.67

286.88

247.59

211.7

169.31

133.64

114.74

98.8

99.77

146.72

112.55

102.03

100.16

110.79

122.72

183.67

177.66

146.26

136.86

113.77

96.3

83.37

73.8

64.99

58.19

53.8

49.7

47.46

47.24

64.26

381.19

383.98

284.96

197.27

144.95

116.26

101.95

91.97

83.29

75.15

67.08

60.81

54.89

58.9

51.95

63.09

59.31

48.21

43.66

38.9

36.68

34.57

31.76

35.9

35.48

30.38

28.16

26.3

26.09

25

23.41

21.62

21.03

24.27

81.53

50.86

35.34

29.01

25.86

24.04

22.48

22.27

46.15

211.56

168.95

92.64

63.52

48.45

41.25

36.93

41.2

37.45

32.75

29.02

27.41

24.98

22.51

21.66

24.08

25.75

24.13

23.64

23.6

23.28

22.06

21.5

20.07

18.96

19.02

18.31

17.91

17.89

16.35

13.94

14.15

15.77

21.62

136.14

103.38

160.38

133.2

108.42

89.39

82.79

312.12

322.87

211.32

161.74

127.57

102.75

90.11

86.13

83.12

81.78

74.57

63.54

60.21

76.32

187.25

131.65

108.47

116.64

96.09

84.44

79.21

77.12

95.15

161.27

115.56

94.55

83.6

86.4

79.28

71.5

95.18

97.4

84.25

79.73

72.89

66.62

75.96

99.91

83.41

77.03

78.28

74.09

69.05

65.67

68.16

161.67

263.19

195.69

236.21

163.44

130.14

113.1

105.39

96.08

89.01

82.58

76.73

70.84

66.73

68.19

62.68

56.96

55.54

53.92

56.01

151.66

131.58

100.78

83.38

70.89

116.52

324.83

160.96

154.21

137.9

105.57

101.02

108.18

97.76

79.27

65.71

57.52

55.83

55.52

95.7

76.13

68.48

63.17

56.61

52.6

51.28

47.48

44.95

43.03

40.55

38.32

35.74

34.46

32.9

31.26

29.98

28.43

27.01

25.54

25.07

28.71

33.03

29.31

26.05

23.77

21.78

20.82

18.8

17.37

17.41

16.56

15.08

14.15

13.12

12.27

31.95

32.42

20.28

16.71

14.71

13.54

12.89

12.3

11.81

11.6

10.96

10.45

12.35

15.11

12.58

10.96

9.87

8.91

8.2

8.31

7.96

7.99

7.86

7.58

7.22

7.41

9.05

9.16

7.89

6.99

6.9

6.31

5.78

5.52

5.49

5.51

5.39

5.08

5.1

4.99

4.68

4.86

6.01

8.1

7.76

6.26

5.62

5.34

10.42

12.27

8.99

81.75

218.99

92.97

53.76

38.43

33.82

37.14

32.23

0

129.6

49.62

109.98

176.15

127.2

108.25

105.81

581.55

718.5

51.35

468.51

279.82

142.79

94.97

270.83

42.38

200.95

147.69

99.42

91.54

95.47

84.99

78.36

110.71

116.89

107.07

68.91

62.18

55.83

49.95

331.13

237.26

188.7

158.06

136.47

101.99

95.93

90.88

88.7

89.52

92.84

84.29

78.4

73.62

68.7

64.06

62.73

63.01

72.27

83.49

115.06

113.03

103.46

109.36

102.01

88.42

81.68

76.25

70.36

64.8

61.32

63.22

62.41

60.13

53.85

50.73

47.88

44.97

43.64

41.51

41.21

41.82

40.43

38.11

40.06

63

73.29

79.67

69.48

63.66

75.12

78.62

108.71

92.18

77.39

70.22

62.49

59.05

80.25

287.98

214.64

172.95

141.73

114.39

94.11

83.49

72.52

64.85

59.94

55.06

49.51

45.53

43.69

53.51

31.47

37.92

33.57

29.38

28.01

26.42

24.65

26.34

26

24.5

23.46

31.38

54.4

36.9

30.14

27.56

23.47

41.97

66.52

47.11

32.03

29.19

26.36

25.53

25.32

50.33

62.28

52.43

44.99

40.98

38.86

31.6

28.95

26.54

25.54

24.27

23.74

18.43

34.54

36.96

160.22

93.26

207.94

125.87

90.14

69.19

61.03

55.87

64.17

63.92

193.37

228.03

149.57

117.76

260.38

202.99

150.92

121.4

101

88.7

77.23

66.12

60.28

57.2

53.3

52.02

52.54

51.28

59.08

56.81

60.56

77.91

66.43

60.85

53.24

48.11

45.72

68.09

298.76

816.42

510.38

285.47

232.71

315.98

152.22

139.72

128.26

116.4

107.51

99.39

89.44

81.24

77.84

75.67

75.54

155.13

143.14

112.57

94.83

230.02

166.12

131.52

115.81

100.82

91.46

104.2

239.15

218.18

169.43

145.9

223.44

403.01

398.96

296.1

225.95

188.64

161.65

145.96

136.12

132.12

123.85

111.84

102.16

94.79

91.12

88.66

101.1

261.05

838.1

550.57

338.66

249.44

220.33

205.89

187.37

167.28

154.29

169.64

178.16

155.04

139.14

123.79

133.56

193.56

163.57

141.54

127.63

131.4

252.41

233.39

183.6

207.91

190.96

156.26

136.56

125.13

127.85

135.84

153.26

141.39

122.26

351.61

310.95

204.88

173.54

220.19

209.36

172.14

152.3

135.17

151.77

181.58

219.17

173.23

149.69

133.16

134.14

178.05

150.3

133.89

117.01

108.58

112.2

122.33

155.61

131.18

212.96

189.03

150.93

130.62

115.64

108.98

115.9

129.43

106.57

96.02

86.01

77.12

70.25

66.8

61.62

56.27

52.64

47.89

43.61

60.24

316.99

275.71

195.03

344.33

274.04

202.73

178.31

171.19

307.82

270.2

198.8

183.03

159.14

136.09

120.38

106.21

92.98

82.9

72.54

114.15

126.84

89.68

91.35

81.84

171.37

167.23

121.67

96.77

86.84

110.57

87.09

66.41

54.35

48.39

46.87

42.66

44.34

62.23

69.52

54.33

125.07

151.76

110.2

93.04

86.03

258.25

264.64

191.89

139.61

111.33

93.38

80.83

68.9

60.7

52.84

50.95

50.72

55.66

143.74

116.92

91.38

77.88

79.78

90.08

77.55

72.31

110.54

96.83

80.97

73.9

68.98

68.41

63.59

60.94

72.31

85.5

211.94

464.9

280.4

237.78

200.67

171.22

152.24

195.12

279.59

264.96

742.32

567.57

363.4

290.72

241.73

209.05

187.13

172.32

166.8

156.27

146.68

138.11

131.03

124.92

120.51

122.05

124.07

126.77

179.16

324.32

259.43

228.95

207.09

188.98

174.27

163.49

158.67

154.69

156.01

137.79

138.63

135.28

128.76

199.87

461.55

278.51

218.66

194.98

153.21

122.73

103.55

90.8

83.57

145.46

162.86

195.1

251.88

199.14

187.34

172.22

170.45

265.49

242.1

236.19

204.1

179.39

212.39

232.87

205.56

203.11

227.92

221.56

197.53

177.47

166.23

153

141.43

133.8

137.22

132.17

205.66

298.96

193.4

170.37

166.43

165.79

183.24

260.5

217.83

187.4

182.7

248.74

211.57

186.29

164.6

146.85

138.74

129.51

131.58

134.03

117.38

106.17

105.07

115.74

117.49

104.02

95.04

112.03

109.61

98.87

131.88

163.64

123.04

118.04

111.32

97.54

89.35

85.17

84.95

81.44

78.66

90.43

76.96

68.76

62.2

57.58

56.82

62.37

63.45

60.68

57.81

56.76

97.01

75.59

62.07

58.99

61.78

73.31

72.22

62.66

59.66

50.18

42.65

36.65

31.63

27.08

22.77

22.3

22.97

24.14

23.79

19.55

17.83

15.3

12.6

10.93

10.01

10.41

9.57

8.59

7.54

6.92

6.78

6.99

57.07

42.44

25.68

20.08

17.8

15.25

13.81

12.57

12.41

12.16

12.37

13.18

12.37

11.63

10.01

9.13

8.52

8.5

12.62

11.98

10.05

9.28

8.96

11.89

14.36

13.78

12.36

10.84

28.1

25.03

16.36

13.19

11.34

9.99

9.3

8.94

8.63

8.06

7.47

7.15

7.44

14.5

19.94

16.32

12.5

10.39

10.27

43.46

511.96

234.35

149.64

111.86

88.96

68.68

58.93

52.69

44.93

41.5

37.89

34.58

33.54

36.3

73.56

63.5

68.32

76.64

98.21

99.08

78.27

65.48

56.07

48.68

42.89

38.42

34.89

31.78

29.28

28.22

25.09

23.25

22.2

26

35.12

32.06

197.4

230.49

153.01

118.01

95.83

81.5

81.35

91.72

76.8

66.94

62.47

57.12

52.72

49.83

47.6

151.66

159.78

116.68

97.07

87.12

77.53

69.42

61.42

95.37

122.61

92.7

154.96

197.19

191.45

159.53

133.79

119.03

105.51

95.78

102.41

195.57

236.78

172.42

144.82

126.68

112.61

101.68

93.14

85.93

79.12

73.04

83.92

77.95

88.92

141.26

179.86

716.09

471.3

280.37

231.82

194.21

168.09

152.8

137.21

123.65

111.8

103.33

138.28

137.19

109.74

97.8

89.91

83.98

85.33

156.07

214.07

170.61

140.16

119.08

103.32

94.31

89.13

83.43

77.08

69.25

64.22

60.13

56.73

64.99

206.83

244.67

190.67

151.31

124.96

108.04

97.17

228.28

869.72

657.8

360.3

271.17

222.01

199.05

172.67

153.49

136.55

122.19

114.94

104.7

94.72

87.28

86.07

99.47

190.61

159.88

130.21

107.96

104.64

149.21

201.17

272.74

259.71

260.04

201.14

168.11

145.45

129.04

116.34

103.86

93.52

84.74

76.06

73.53

87.13

80.53

82.37

87.43

75.3

65.76

73.28

70.37

60.42

165.89

148.4

107.99

86.74

91.64

79.96

70.37

67.57

65.72

58.44

51.91

46.52

41.97

37.46

33.52

32.61

31.62

29.28

27.36

26.91

26.91

26.68

24.67

103.64

106.69

61.49

44.68

37.41

70.91

63.45

45.76

36.05

32.28

29.41

28.71

26.47

24.07

24.08

27.02

20.56

19.79

18.49

17.44

16.65

14.91

15.3

13.76

12.66

12.13

11.55

15.29

48.31

28.57

24.99

23.87

130.05

190.37

97.94

85.96

73.67

97.04

116.36

79.18

69.37

57.3

49.76

43.66

38.67

34.53

31.65

28.87

26.43

24.83

24.97

22.6

20.71

19.3

18.2

17.16

16.21

15.42

14.76

13.99

14.18

13.57

12.75

12.05

11.54

10.9

10.45

10.51

22.88

26.2

17.96

15.15

13.4

12.67

11.61

11.81

22.21

31.75

22.74

19.41

18.55

29.33

27.77

25.11

23.03

20.79

19.33

19.6

20.39

21.2

20.08

19.27

18.6

17.99

18.07

17.86

19.6

45.88

41.99

30.39

25.83

24.48

23.53

23.33

22.61

36.07

129.04

83.61

61.92

126.78

226.47

158.54

139.88

113.16

90.03

76.45

68.16

68.88

240.58

260.66

386.34

244.18

182.22

159.22

132.56

118.22

106.14

96.88

91.22

100.39

90.4

83.25

75.77

71.17

73.42

72.9

68.14

64.18

62.31

67.71

64.4

59.32

56.27

55.9

56.1

56.16

52.64

48.8

45.6

43.13

43.23

41.22

46.96

49.29

46.54

44.57

43.25

43.42

46.61

47.29

53.46

101.85

92.59

76.32

67.31

62.96

63.02

78.1

83.72

83.9

103.2

179.86

124.81

92.62

77.16

68.24

62.51

58.62

103.77

158.27

97.89

88.73

76.15

67.69

61.46

57.64

215.37

127.53

98.3

84.6

73.49

65.8

60.57

59.31

55.14

52.52

48.29

45.05

42.35

40.66

41.76

184.72

163.07

103.75

80.5

68.59

60.03

54.29

51.55

51.7

51.3

61.1

57.58

50.33

46.74

110.7

90.08

73.05

62.64

57.38

51.35

46.29

40.83

36.41

32.93

36.83

53.78

44.35

55.2

52.56

45.2

39.97

35.83

70.16

144.87

82.99

91.19

109.91

84.34

90.43

112.8

89.25

74.33

72.12

62.08

53.35

49.44

43.4

38.24

33.96

30.39

26.93

24.44

22.53

21.02

20.88

19.31

18.36

17.42

16.16

15.8

14.88

13.69

13.17

12.53

12.28

11.67

11.07

10.55

10.15

9.95

12.91

15.19

11.6

10.32

9.64

9.54

9.23

8.93

8.49

9.16

9.59

9.12

8.73

8.71

8.41

8.1

7.8

7.52

7.33

7.3

7.55

7.5

7.2

7.22

7.71

7.25

8

8.03

8.03

7.79

6.74

6.35

6.28

6.32

6.79

7.35

8.12

15.35

81.54

43.03

25.91

19.31

17.74

15.93

14.37

12.75

12.17

31.73

32.73

22.53

18.23

15.89

14.02

12.92

623.6

476.94

212.18

144.86

110.35

91.46

180.77

183.24

139.52

114.36

94.91

80.45

353.31

267.57

172.72

136.5

113.7

97.95

84.47

75.6

73.65

155.55

289.77

236.85

167.53

250.56

297.81

198.08

159.81

135.48

117.95

104.84

142.39

223.8

169.4

147.48

128.96

114.38

102.69

94.22

86.91

80.69

73.67

67.78

61.3

61.14

114.58

166.83

183.96

141.3

140.04

125.55

107.03

95.48

386.52

535.94

362

257.73

223.72

184.37

154.23

163.78

146.9

518.89

437.62

301.41

224.08

172.48

138.57

132.92

122.55

104.18

95.57

113.69

277.8

444.88

235.39

169.07

143.19

115.24

100.69

79.78

74.96

71.99

58.84

72.54

0

35.83

23.84

23.32

22.93

24.42

56.99

47.65

43.99

38.52

34.43

32.22

99.05

220.94

162.72

96.98

74.55

63.6

51.74

60.82

50.04

44.93

40.82

38.51

30.34

39.02

63.85

45.83

43.38

57.15

53.76

67.83

66.92

66.42

71.42

89.9

63.12

57.48

53.01

49.14

45.56

43.47

40.75

38.07

37.53

35.77

35.14

33.51

51.82

196.7

165.78

96.26

77.31

71.02

64.21

57.78

55.63

68.17

61.87

55.08

51.18

47.68

44.54

40.83

39.54

26.93

24.18

44.29

45.19

38.22

35.41

34.85

32.28

30.55

27.39

30.23

46.93

119.99

42.56

39.96

37.38

44.07

45.27

41.54

40.69

41.79

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

29.21

28.36

28.52

51.27

51.68

35.28

33.05

31.26

32.71

32.68

31.04

64.25

50.61

41.71

37.64

0

0

0

0

97.44

105.45

1318.93

2307.99

745.22

62.85

58.34

64.07

55.8

51.62

48.24

45.58

42.86

41.57

40.29

40.14

38.02

34.88

32.24

29.15

52.98

41.99

41.09

43.05

54.73

1170.39

170.07

146.89

124.07

32.62

31.56

29.95

29.82

30.51

28.31

25.07

78.89

73.81

38.22

36.14

33.42

33.22

31.19

30.26

28.16

26.75

298.19

172.8

135.67

117.16

103.37

90.52

85.56

83.19

76.61

75.44

70.63

69.47

71.51

77.25

71.82

70.73

72.64

70.54

68.59

65.91

63.65

61.85

63.09

60.92

52.66

56.23

56.04

57.46

99.64

100.76

85.71

74.15

68.45

65.14

63.95

232.24

496.55

524.33

244.25

159.95

124.66

108.71

98.14

92.69

86.09

75.58

72.41

123.34

158.16

108.48

125.86

133.44

116.3

277.72

699.34

330.73

217.67

160.61

485.79

1024.11

519.83

311.25

223.22

178.38

157.72

149.07

124.78

111

100.86

90.63

85.43

80.82

86.24

81.71

71.99

67.57

69.85

65.3

65.34

63.46

58

59.92

75.6

63.31

1007.08

456.95

348.1

288.77

235.7

179.84

138.82

112.73

98.68

86.2

92.09

262.12

539.35

287.53

324.84

279.84

231.75

170.63

135.34

113.73

101.06

89.72

84.2

86.42

73.51

66.35

59.25

55.11

50.17

48.77

45.56

42.97

0

0

33.57

40.41

62.67

42.79

44.03

38.2

49.47

40.93

34.16

30.36

27.58

25.51

23.72

23.02

21.83

74.77

129.29

63.43

47.14

67.94

50.59

41.83

44.17

36.69

32.13

28.3

27.2

25.01

38.69

31.94

28.58

25.37

22.91

21.53

20.33

21.12

17.12

16.28

15.96

15.02

15.44

14.52

13.96

13.32

12.59

12.28

11.89

11.79

11.13

10.97

10.91

10.51

10.53

9.76

9.54

9.75

9.67

9.44

9.29

8.11

7.56

7.75

7.53

7.55

271.34

1658.46

675.23

444.96

288.03

198.14

146.44

118.5

101.49

89.94

80.96

73.27

67.06

62.87

58.36

54.07

49.74

46.45

43.7

41.71

39.05

43.11

62.39

47.36

41.75

39.18

36.71

35.39

33.68

32.4

28.91

29.27

30.65

39.48

39.84

39.08

34.57

30.26

28.9

28.81

29.97

30.65

48.28

45.9

45.41

65.87

91.05

310.69

164.52

117.5

98.43

90.87

87.59

83.16

77.14

74.47

91.5

83.54

75.17

68.71

64.03

61.09

57.28

54.34

52.29

51.76

49.05

52.95

53.49

50.36

48.09

47.01

45.69

45.88

205.65

207.6

166.09

122.34

200.57

231.89

157.24

117.98

99.74

89.85

79.93

89.99

98.45

131.46

120.24

102.66

92.75

85.48

79.27

399.74

259.62

157.55

117.15

100.28

89.24

82.19

104.38

167.11

114.43

102.27

94.64

96.13

104.08

211.28

260.33

185.03

228.47

455.41

278.54

190.16

142.13

121.52

103.02

92.43

95.18

101.46

92.13

79.62

72.59

78.69

85.86

151.08

101.06

96.88

116.23

90.04

79

72.33

65.97

59.51

56.3

51.84

51.38

49.51

39.24

40.43

880.49

1119.62

418.48

217.74

144.45

109.9

94.56

83.91

79.26

89.55

74.13

65.29

59.7

55.08

51.31

48.45

44.58

41.63

38.94

39.33

51.37

81.72

72.6

106.73

324.59

143.91

126.8

152.1

101.73

85.88

76.85

795.01

586.29

275.53

166.74

173.78

125.65

106.47

100.53

87.98

78.34

70.92

65.76

61.2

57.47

54.01

52.83

108.87

96.32

175.8

742.16

367.74

193

127.87

103.74

90.93

81.82

75.4

70.27

63.17

61.14

58.35

54.76

52.85

49.43

48.09

46.24

45.39

44.45

42.35

40.2

42.97

203.92

92.13

70.02

60.46

56.13

51.6

48.21

47.51

40.64

41.1

39.06

38.36

36.27

34.48

33.2

34.15

32.29

30.65

30.09

137.06

237.51

112.66

83.19

75.37

64.57

58.08

52.93

47.64

47.39

45.38

41.71

39.44

37.44

35.83

35.57

36.95

34.1

32.4

31.52

30.08

44.58

63.98

48.64

44.47

79.41

99.91

89.34

73.95

64.04

57.6

53.15

47.93

44.47

48.83

89.9

56.23

53.12

54.33

94.26

189.7

204.91

114.67

88.82

78.78

81.34

78.79

95.96

89.61

102.68

117.8

111.19

111.77

93.84

86.81

81.59

115.04

277.23

146.21

108.49

95.3

88.55

82.46

78.74

71.63

66.85

64.03

61.72

60.92

89.34

90.07

71.63

66.03

65.73

62.66

62.84

59.77

55.07

70.53

87.7

68.96

61.63

55.46

50.74

49.3

47.56

45.03

42.28

39.88

38.8

75.07

89.82

67.06

58.05

52.64

47.68

45.22

51.34

45.69

41.57

38.26

36.22

34.18

33.37

31.93

31.14

29.78

28.97

28.19

27.33

26.65

26.96

27.72

27.84

28.17

25.47

23.51

23.44

152.09

85.52

57.96

47.8

45.37

38.72

34.14

31.56

64.38

64.05

49.64

40.45

36.12

33.15

30.42

28.22

26.18

24.49

23.18

22.06

21.78

21.7

20.66

18.74

17.42

89.31

62.45

50.47

82.26

54.49

43.96

39.67

76.12

109.27

95.93

75.93

66.58

57.39

62.61

62.48

51.42

46.07

41.29

37.64

33.84

50.47

53.13

45.43

40.19

35.77

33.14

30.86

28.97

27.81

31.04

28.15

25.69

23.87

25.53

28.83

25.21

21.61

20

18.88

33.96

34.13

26.06

22.97

21.71

20.82

20.7

38.91

37.45

33.98

30.17

25.89

23.12

21.75

88.59

103.13

64.89

58.23

47.77

42.85

39.14

35.6

32.79

30.57

27.73

27.17

33.67

32.96

30

30.04

28.01

24.98

22.93

21.52

19.68

47.18

233.93

116.22

74.76

61.72

52.19

45.45

41.4

37.54

35.99

60.62

61.65

48.36

42.28

37.74

34.53

31.73

30.38

28.4

26.96

25.35

361.17

282.85

122.65

88.14

72

62.44

54.94

50.29

46.23

43.91

81.85

100.39

71.86

61.65

62.22

84.18

65.89

57.67

52.52

48.06

45.1

42.78

39.83

37.3

35.38

33.34

31.95

32.41

127.9

424.23

211.5

130.37

100.23

81.71

72.09

63.99

57.9

53.99

295.51

194.41

114.01

90.9

111.77

123.7

124.43

72.28

66.17

63.32

46.68

43.99

43.76

39.78

37.51

116.97

231.07

807.21

403.56

228.22

150.14

115.5

97.53

89.59

77.05

67.54

60.82

54.66

49.1

43.28

24.89

22.94

22.42

21.12

19.54

29.91

82.35

46.84

32.82

26.81

22.64

19.31

17.38

15.57

14.54

12.83

11.39

8.61

8.19

7.88

10.49

21.29

22.99

25.81

39.17

29.2

23.85

22.92

33.44

70.43

100.31

296.99

260.94

154.11

102.41

80.92

84.27

29.86

263.09

1227.58

368.5

612.26

580.92

427.64

301.2

204.95

155.33

126.01

108.91

21.1

111.59

78.63

67.6

81.58

66.86

62.04

83.87

75.36

69.97

257.54

1022.48

409.84

221

150.59

123.84

103.45

92.94

83.37

73.28

70.17

32.21

30.57

126.17

184.72

125.57

86.04

77.09

71.41

319.02

558.7

293.51

185.34

138.42

113.42

101.05

92.5

86.03

79.09

73.78

72.68

102

390.1

402.41

198.68

132.43

73.8

69.06

63.43

48.66

69.43

67.72

81.36

99.73

86.17

77.2

72.39

127.61

112.42

86.82

81.59

74.03

70.54

38.35

35.63

33.47

30.56

28.65

14.62

21.3

105.43

91.98

220.99

145.65

123.46

92.81

78.4

67.34

60.86

59.27

47.19

45.71

35.32

33.84

612.53

764.73

439.81

276.6

178.54

356.49

434.79

357.46

222.33

221.42

158.23

407.69

290.43

207.01

224.57

194.97

161.81

132.69

110.87

119.27

102.56

94.42

85.87

80.15

82.11

147.67

139.65

105.63

87.51

73.45

68.68

69.75

131.13

162.05

103.9

83.4

72.72

73.17

75.1

64.45

57.04

53.35

49.86

47.57

43.99

66.98

81.29

86.23

69.23

59.25

51.84

49.23

45.62

108.65

368.35

712.9

296.63

252.19

370.66

207.15

223.63

156.69

114.86

100.94

175.36

103.33

85.81

75.08

65.67

63.05

58.24

52.47

48.61

45.19

41.01

39.89

38.35

35.72

34.06

33.66

31.98

30.12

28.25

25.71

25.82

81.59

101.3

47.75

40.41

40.92

52.7

62.15

62.59

58.5

51.35

44.45

649.84

415.9

174.04

114.46

88.93

77.92

68.41

60.52

53

48.41

43.83

41.58

39.61

34.73

36.07

33.62

30.85

28.13

27.43

37.02

34.14

28.61

25.83

24.48

23.36

28.22

60.96

142.44

80.62

53.99

45.61

38.95

36.36

33.07

31.03

31.3

28.34

27.06

24.89

23.1

26.09

26.11

22.73

20.52

25.36

265.17

104.47

66.38

50.95

42.94

41.65

40.93

33.52

34.1

31.46

28.86

26.99

27.88

25.68

26.13

28.53

34.37

47.95

74.35

68.83

52.13

99.61

66.14

48.27

39.08

35.13

34.24

30.84

29.04

75.54

120.8

69.25

54.6

44.86

77.37

215.8

117.79

79.88

65.54

55.08

46.12

41.37

37.09

34.34

32.38

28.63

28.09

27.62

29.44

26.6

23.45

22.88

85.27

121.89

72.75

51.61

40.88

36.65

32.39

28.76

26.55

25.8

23.42

22.77

22.38

21.68

23.38

62.31

143.15

107.73

108.4

98.64

69.78

55

45.39

39.75

35.03

31.79

29.28

27.92

25.66

24.95

24.31

23.04

22.67

21.96

20.63

18.15

18.4

36.86

51.31

35.04

30.93

26.62

22.77

22.65

23.42

64.8

56.91

51.55

207.66

181.3

120.12

91.71

160.75

180.44

148.67

139.42

118.46

97.65

88.01

79.05

72.51

66.72

72.27

115.2

103.14

85.52

73.76

66.94

60.85

55.85

54.9

87.98

106.8

107.67

95.45

86.91

77.46

69.08

68.37

77.78

73.29

118.59

94.46

75.22

67.22

59.6

53.42

47.39

44.75

41.99

38.65

51.18

54.43

43.5

39.9

37.76

36.45

31.28

32.75

30.99

31.98

29.37

26.49

25.52

21.58

21.7

24.42

29.14

28.03

23.9

22.31

19.71

19.06

18.1

16.27

14.87

15.99

545.04

460.62

179.72

118.54

92.93

77.92

73.31

65.5

63.1

59.17

53.97

52.07

60.7

120.39

74.45

63.68

56.02

53.28

49.05

46.44

58.3

72.13

56.93

51.7

46.7

44.58

42.42

38.52

34.49

31.95

31.59

39.64

72.12

282.37

115.26

79.61

62.95

53.51

46.18

41.86

38.05

34.9

33.35

30.79

33.13

63.85

46.61

35.48

31.69

28.96

26.15

24.11

23.23

22.31

21.79

24.06

23.08

21.37

21.1

20.62

20.87

17.7

14.22

13.62

10.83

10.63

11.37

13.09

13.01

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

14.24

14.23

14.26

14.07

13.38

13.12

12.86

12.74

12.87

12.94

14.1

17.12

114.54

62.77

40.94

30.24

23.47

21.23

27.72

28.58

22.13

19.42

16.71

14.86

14.96

14.25

13.62

13.44

12.45

11.91

12.22

10.43

10.73

10.55

10.02

9.86

10

9.24

9.08

11.94

11.25

10.03

9.85

9.43

8.75

8.48

8.99

9.73

19.83

15.65

14.9

13.46

12.43

71.13

212.08

98.61

71.21

423.54

256.91

174.26

182.58

269.21

176.63

211.98

138.59

108.43

92.46

85.35

92.03

76.48

68.53

63.13

56.4

56.71

59.33

52.81

48.5

45.39

42.84

279.97

293.86

149.5

113.39

127.64

105.23

97.94

84.27

75.34

66.03

59.78

54.36

35

34.46

32.82

31.26

30.23

30.86

35.74

40.3

36.36

33.55

32.42

32.56

35.46

70.23

272.82

159.64

108.8

84.79

73.16

69.21

64.41

59.86

68.3

61.69

54.6

51.57

49.28

47.18

46.46

43.29

49.84

95.78

71.32

59.58

53.1

51.52

51.67

46.24

41.78

38.47

37.09

36.21

188.69

282.99

152.81

108.66

93.1

78.88

69.45

299.56

576.53

340.71

245.51

177.44

144.27

213.6

185.33

194.04

245.71

193.99

153.86

128.89

111.85

100.04

91.48

80.24

75.9

69.77

66.08

61.76

58.8

56.91

60.06

73.18

70.78

63

71.25

78.94

66.24

58.86

73.66

65.12

64.44

62.7

57.7

58.3

63.7

55.88

49.87

49.83

57.44

52.74

45.57

43.69

43.12

39.36

37.2

31.88

29.34

35.5

38.72

42.65

37.05

33.78

29.09

24.25

24

21.16

30.56

34.42

24.41

23.42

26.1

75.47

58.19

228.35

509.06

185.68

127.64

104.75

204.23

161.93

126.1

156.58

286.08

224.58

148.88

119.8

104.11

96.52

84.61

74.87

73.04

57.28

57.16

74

84.34

70.25

59.14

63.69

77.08

73.28

68.11

56.84

51.33

48.11

42.06

40.17

38.8

35.29

33.41

30.46

28.11

33.01

44.15

39.67

30.89

26.75

24.77

24.06

22.93

21.26

20.29

19.48

19.05

21.27

24.64

20.77

18.49

15.1

16.25

15.66

13.94

13.48

12.77

12.09

12.57

12.47

14.22

18.19

23.2

21.24

17.96

17.64

61.35

97.82

64.67

59.76

49.61

47.6

53.91

45.49

40.12

35.72

34.46

31.82

29.8

28.91

53.28

47.25

37.52

32.92

33.94

35.35

35.31

60.21

73.92

62.81

51.94

47.21

42.09

48.5

86.84

64.44

53.45

75.28

97.92

74.35

64.4

55.37

48.9

45.59

44.74

40.92

37.52

35.84

33.17

31.34

31.74

39.7

33.01

28.6

27.7

27.16

25.99

24.57

22.55

20.36

20.27

21.74

21.59

23.71

22.28

100.53

92.11

82.61

77.67

72.31

67.88

72.37

106.82

59.61

60.48

39.79

62.1

48.75

44.68

42.21

47.25

43.69

41.37

38.29

34.47

32.08

29.87

30.99

88.3

129.56

59.46

52.06

47.65

44.6

18.75

116.55

126.46

82.43

71.44

64.33

56.08

51.27

62.91

53.96

47.31

43.48

44.18

39.39

35.96

33.42

32.43

30.4

30.06

30.19

28.48

27.24

26.02

24.84

22.81

24.23

22.46

21.22

20.51

19.05

18.81

18.7

18.38

17.96

16.53

15.84

17.32

20.07

16.72

16.05

15.58

15.33

14.44

14.3

14.87

14.23

14.31

14.62

14.28

12.31

11.74

15.91

66.65

69.96

63.61

90.69

139.38

96.73

79.02

74.86

72.11

69.05

65.79

62.29

62.87

202.59

238.39

146.69

111.11

96.81

89.98

93.65

84.97

74.44

69.32

65.68

64.58

62.17

62.07

58.72

54.72

57.08

94.48

78

72.27

69.49

67.02

65.16

58.21

56.38

58.37

50.71

48.95

46.81

43.56

41.75

68.25

53.15

51.45

49.69

52.35

43.66

68.1

211.58

326.44

177.45

123.69

99.07

81.34

71.61

76.74

97.66

78.24

56.64

70.89

89.44

65.21

55.83

49.9

46.38

41.46

37.08

34.94

32.15

29.94

28.31

29.03

64.77

57.4

46.84

37.82

32.9

29.82

27.86

25.65

24.18

23.38

26.91

110.2

63.47

46.11

39.21

35.69

32.18

28.42

25.7

24.57

69.02

187.26

108.48

80.21

62.15

55.18

49.23

45.94

39.35

35.23

62.23

53.21

41.26

37.46

38.22

34.93

30.74

28.12

27.14

25.42

24.62

22.31

22.98

27.6

24.51

22.13

20.45

19.9

16.77

17.23

149.23

117.3

154.5

119.37

170.03

49.13

52.58

68.91

56.01

51.52

51.33

52.37

69.01

207.95

149.63

133.15

192.37

169.11

145.88

116.89

99.77

89.57

79.5

77.5

75.62

147.56

373.25

483.06

543.17

399.6

289.44

279.14

239.81

204.55

175.43

156.73

153.93

151.49

157.42

158.68

143.7

137

125.85

119.24

109.46

106.99

113.62

111.59

104.13

120.08

421.3

269.8

194.98

161.9

135.36

114.77

100.13

91.38

84.6

79.94

76.41

73.25

68.66

68.34

65.83

66.49

107.36

111.4

304.47

355.24

292.1

262.43

193.77

152.95

127.81

116.56

139.39

120.04

107.44

93.49

84.32

75.9

72.31

67.67

63.26

59.14

53.78

49.77

47.6

50.72

53.48

49.12

57.89

72.48

65.27

179.86

196.53

127.06

101.4

106.99

185.95

164.4

141.84

115.13

121.61

108.46

88.74

78.45

72.35

70.18

77.09

67.6

63.58

57.66

52.8

56.22

77.07

57.23

49.4

58.97

50.19

44.71

96.77

116.74

73.22

61.37

54.04

49

45.74

46.25

44.08

40.47

36.81

43.24

38.72

34.62

31.79

29.71

28.03

28.02

27.84

24.34

22.01

21.95

21

20.26

19.61

35.98

137.53

115.64

67.67

49.51

41.71

36.49

32.08

26.4

25.13

25.31

26.49

310.19

131.71

87.45

64.51

55.55

49.69

43.96

40.16

48.88

75.11

51.59

43

38.28

34.3

31.49

32.29

29.91

26.05

26.98

25.31

22.88

22.76

21.08

20.04

17.76

16.74

19.29

75.68

69.36

51.48

38.58

33.05

40.33

45.9

0

0

0

55.9

50.48

49.44

46.82

45.05

132.6

219.76

213.36

136.39

103.75

114.49

145.75

103.58

83.36

73.38

64.48

58.22

52.54

52.03

116.44

191.65

249.12

187.66

138.18

114.8

100.6

91.24

79.51

71.85

64.38

62.21

90.44

81.24

64.42

56.02

49.76

47.18

51.22

56.33

49.29

45.23

99.55

110.17

79.58

63.77

54.53

49.25

48.11

43.83

42.6

42.84

118.57

134.02

99.68

85.79

94.16

90.32

89

74.74

64.86

60.55

53.45

48.9

135.07

128.44

90.08

116.19

257.51

267.18

189.53

145.91

119.72

100

85.24

75.77

68.07

61.29

55.55

51.63

47.57

43.52

41.3

45.48

49.62

180.99

122.74

90.25

75.49

62.35

56.69

53.89

49.62

48.96

46.1

56.1

52.87

346.59

273.81

176.32

232.69

157.13

151.26

149.99

62.57

116.95

95.88

82.83

70.81

69.22

61.35

54.34

50.78

82.56

62.49

50.36

48.14

53.08

60.53

51.4

46.06

38.65

33.82

32.95

30.82

29.84

26.92

25.68

25.24

26.25

25.28

25.46

22.76

21.61

0

22.55

22.47

18.53

17.14

16.98

15.99

14.87

13.96

13.93

54.7

110.27

259.28

144.47

97.63

71.03

58.5

49.46

43.07

38.95

41.55

44.56

37.32

32.7

29.08

27.32

26.49

24.36

22.95

21.23

20.28

19.5

18.35

82.63

122.59

89.23

83.83

214.04

134.49

98.29

79.14

65.58

55.67

47.76

44.42

40.98

40.57

34.37

30.63

27.99

21.79

21.39

22.36

21.99

21.33

19.92

18.84

18

17.48

214.7

182.95

818.95

587.75

318

226.22

186.37

145.39

120.78

110.36

102.77

78.44

81.97

86.85

58.97

56.08

50.24

49.28

37.24

36.29

33.53

29.86

27.9

25.51

117.77

91.8

80.18

66.98

28.15

26.48

25.8

22.99

26.17

56.51

55.64

46.19

42.31

38.59

31.79

28.86

30.83

27.96

25.54

24.74

24.35

23.12

22.73

22.83

20.98

19.18

19.61

19.45

15.04

14.72

17.3

14.8

12.98

13.36

13.51

10.25

15.67

0

15.34

21.5

20.26

18.16

15.32

43.49

54.16

34.75

26.89

23.64

21.44

20.76

20.16

19.64

16.49

15.12

15.8

0

73.36

58.48

51.25

55.57

50.79

44.56

41.2

35.76

33.99

31.62

30.79

31.58

27.74

27.21

23.84

21.67

22.15

21

19.47

19.12

18.77

17.14

17.05

16.41

16.79

22.09

19.16

17.84

14.79

15.31

15.27

15.05

17.85

17.84

68.3

807.92

725.52

572.44

298.69

196.66

145.13

113.04

93.43

81.15

70.07

64.59

56.76

53.53

49.69

44.97

42.21

18.3

16.35

16.12

15.61

15.21

18.3

15.24

14.6

12.86

12.8

12.51

18.18

30.13

24.3

23.81

20.38

17.87

19.48

16.82

16.4

16.21

13.17

15.3

35.35

47.01

47.83

33.1

26.34

22.17

18.32

19.35

18.74

16.37

15.45

13.67

14.28

11.14

19.86

17.46

13.9

88.52

160.41

101.17

69.24

76.33

79

77.72

112.7

141.78

162.92

132.93

109.29

18.62

179.7

135.87

113.41

99.76

92.8

85.32

81.77

81.32

86.08

172.67

131.16

118.55

116.96

100.75

92.96

84.27

79.82

76.8

81.5

77.92

71.91

68.01

66.5

68.52

73.04

74.49

76.14

80.45

83.45

89.82

153.78

206.48

130.24

104.31

98.6

94.21

249.07

1318.94

2553.08

1309.11

781.25

480.18

345.72

321.34

550.67

679.09

419.93

293.15

156.41

134.61

169

152.31

139.26

124.81

96.66

90.09

84.49

79.39

74.57

67.51

61.26

56.79

60.35

54.54

55.86

53.23

48.06

45.04

38.77

37.1

34.53

34.52

34.95

76.42

56.38

42.65

52.66

44.42

39.66

35.86

32.38

29.56

53.52

40.84

394.25

271.84

148.75

101.45

80.97

106.05

588.49

280.87

168.67

125.24

116.05

96.2

79.87

71.21

61.5

56.18

55.55

53.02

46.69

42.39

39.77

36.76

34.54

31.35

30.25

29.25

30.54

1045.75

541.03

353.23

214.19

154.92

120.65

104.63

85.67

75.95

75.54

67.85

61.36

52.56

49.16

48.05

150.81

94.8

248.33

294.41

180.3

149.11

123.02

100.78

94

117.97

92.56

78.72

73.5

66.84

61.94

71.14

86.34

68.02

59.46

54.57

49.67

46.52

45.89

45.3

42.15

73.98

201.55

158.41

121.53

194.72

178.69

221.81

195.74

155.12

127.3

108.26

94.84

84.09

75.69

131.22

333

220.43

198.58

158

293.44

915.41

641.79

383.95

266.02

210.2

174.31

145.22

127.8

110.93

98.56

333.71

350.39

245.04

193.48

163.9

134.48

118.72

104.36

94.99

84.49

109.1

120.8

95.6

86.02

76.04

68.76

62.36

57.72

52.7

48.9

45.18

42.92

1210.39

985.82

382.17

238.57

311.22

257.21

219.31

600.73

573.89

341.25

246.57

200.94

218.22

180.47

155.39

144.03

144.36

625.45

344.32

231.86

179.7

155.71

141.91

129.37

133.97

124.08

125.36

117.7

108.88

103.23

98.94

94.81

96.42

129.45

317.32

312.02

239.23

203.71

201.28

189.01

156.28

137.21

141.8

216.62

183.59

178.42

149.19

131.64

118.75

107.45

99.99

94.99

87.03

88.61

101.44

92.1

80.94

67.68

61.11

94.3

104.76

104.12

89.4

74.34

68.92

67.7

64.89

58.76

54.17

50.95

48.47

45.37

43.29

41.5

37.83

41.91

135.98

647.29

255.07

151.51

113.8

96.44

84.09

71.37

62.46

140.52

771.9

749.99

344.19

245.13

197.88

160.13

222.01

184.4

141.75

119.3

101.77

88.4

78.28

69.39

64.09

59.91

56.51

54

53.66

51.62

49.85

70.85

459.22

266.77

175.07

124.7

107.79

89.99

78.99

68.4

56.86

51.21

61.89

55.39

42.17

44.79

38.9

37.72

37.83

34.51

32.5

29.28

30.42

29.27

27.91

26.24

28.7

31.5

47.58

56.12

32.25

33.56

97.86

72.25

54.51

48.54

44.86

41.82

35.25

195.61

138.57

112.6

91.12

80.78

67.82

60.58

58.63

56.26

45.5

44.71

44.07

172.45

224.21

121.94

92.75

75.83

64.23

58.7

49.47

54.37

45.9

41.24

32.35

32.22

33.25

34.17

57.61

143.67

139.99

104.22

81.98

126.3

126.16

93.21

77.8

69.18

60.26

56.05

51.15

47.15

44.86

42.18

49.16

167.48

202.33

177.57

124.14

99.95

91.54

126.01

98.62

111.21

176.56

219.8

230.88

249.4

199.4

149.99

120.38

109.39

108.47

104.19

89.19

79.02

73.85

68.97

63.23

56.96

52.44

64.01

75.17

63.11

56.6

52.24

48.98

44.53

43.06

37.38

42.87

45.75

37.49

35.39

32.33

32.79

30.07

28.93

28.15

27.61

25.73

24.89

24.45

131.45

159.51

122.36

86.16

88.58

78.62

66.21

57.43

47.71

65.53

287.13

231.45

161.16

124.29

101.2

85.31

272.43

300

219.81

170.14

138.48

177.56

287.1

191.15

147.81

122.1

105.09

104.1

100.78

93.46

146.92

263.84

168.22

124.43

101.97

89.74

87.29

88.33

85.46

77.65

72.26

69.51

68.37

67.89

71.16

71.63

69.82

69.48

69.87

70.84

69.55

129.91

256.27

262.98

217.41

222.26

156.8

126.19

185.47

369.92

268.3

239.29

197.29

158.99

134.19

118.02

105.87

104.52

122.74

190.81

149.4

126.35

124.06

119.47

100.58

90.7

82.95

75.41

69.44

68.85

67.21

65.63

62.59

58.98

56.64

54.99

50.52

46.18

46.39

45.84

55.62

64.63

47.61

42.55

40.78

39.29

37.21

36.1

34.83

35.19

41.48

39.98

38.04

34.85

35.03

39.13

31.52

28.18

25.94

24.49

23.29

36.05

95.47

65.97

61.98

56.19

47.35

41.6

37.58

34.24

33.16

27.96

25.07

24.32

22.48

20.54

18.66

18.69

16.99

15.66

14.11

12.77

12

11.37

12.52

16.99

28.81

76.46

54.53

35.14

30.52

24.38

21.14

92.11

54.76

38.94

29.65

24.47

21.29

17.26

17.47

14.04

13.84

12.93

12.26

11.71

19.82

69.31

46.94

40.44

30.06

23.36

21.34

18.52

16.68

169.23

211.12

117.37

85.8

65.75

52.44

44.82

37.52

31.47

28.18

24.94

25.46

20.58

19.09

16.26

16.48

56.54

176.24

97.18

63.23

48.41

44.85

39.53

32.02

26.85

24.97

20.92

18.32

17.6

15.91

15.21

14.27

15.05

93.63

353.41

162.09

95.31

70.93

58.8

52.98

47.06

42.71

44.09

39.13

115.87

186.33

103.7

77.12

64.76

60.21

52.54

56.33

53.1

46.91

42.29

39.84

36.42

33.98

32.57

30.75

29.07

27.96

26.51

26.36

24.97

23.79

22.44

22.23

22.87

22.72

20.97

20.04

19.18

18.98

17.88

17.71

31.46

144.89

80.22

72.03

69.61

91.06

81.94

75.59

60.57

53.28

47.49

43.77

39.66

51.04

317.45

180.61

122.03

92.07

75.61

67.16

62.75

61.91

60.95

63.72

59.25

50.73

46.74

42.57

40.48

39.59

38.62

42.19

41.96

39.39

36.61

34.9

34.09

33.68

33.27

34.15

34.42

34.82

35.02

34.7

34.18

33.52

31.34

28.9

26.98

28.45

29.71

30.31

30.1

33.04

48.77

38.33

60.76

54.24

52.22

54.54

52.91

60.14

52.75

45.64

39.99

36.19

35.01

32.59

30.2

88

82.23

215.2

132.38

86.4

108.63

76.33

65.57

58.87

52.69

49.21

44.34

39.88

36.02

33.09

30.28

28.41

68.78

165.09

83.43

64.95

58.04

69.28

74.34

60.7

55.95

184.34

169.05

99.09

78.19

75.48

74.81

67.5

58.85

52.39

48.22

43.91

40.44

39.11

44.18

45.83

40.8

37.28

34.87

32

29.42

27.74

25.62

24.46

26.69

23.94

22.3

21.1

19.86

18.74

18.49

17.49

18.18

17.6

16.83

16.1

42.3

49.42

43.7

36.06

29.93

27.59

27.78

24.43

21.63

20.06

17.73

16.06

14.64

14.84

14.83

14.27

14.33

15.03

15.16

15.74

46.44

74.76

45.54

33.24

30.24

60.54

147.98

71.65

53.99

43.56

38.04

32.74

29.23

27.02

24.37

22.39

20.66

27.12

101.74

87.66

61.16

105.68

212.29

114.82

80.7

67.24

66.01

57.39

49.75

44.12

39.53

35.86

33.35

32.31

29.27

26.73

24.34

22.81

22.06

55.75

131.07

81.79

102.11

341

187.87

125.65

103.76

82.48

73.14

63.64

56.23

51.52

45.62

41.72

38.63

36.75

34.91

33.59

30.98

28.53

28.02

25.33

25.09

22.88

23

59.57

53.09

37.69

32.28

30.32

42.46

53.35

52.12

42.32

38.16

33.87

32.96

28.02

28.92

90.37

80.65

63.29

52.98

45.84

40.54

38.03

34.71

31.96

29.28

27.14

25.45

24.21

22.54

21.7

37.34

79.68

54.96

65.36

70.29

58.09

48.17

43.33

37.61

112.72

104.04

256.61

179.84

153.25

155.74

137.15

242.77

896.99

553.96

360.8

604.63

1316.88

904.05

663.34

589.05

444.33

342.67

282.91

1136.29

744.59

539.96

423.33

329.72

263.87

217.09

335.11

1083.48

873.16

756.47

596.19

469.14

371.96

314.04

421.24

378.85

268.29

201.38

168.85

136.93

115.85

103.21

95.74

87.19

79.67

73.19

69.04

64.54

60.86

57.08

55.18

52.34

50.83

47.33

46.41

42.83

42.23

44.88

42.66

39.12

61.56

59.08

50.16

44.8

43.35

53.25

47.08

53.17

57.5

61.2

53.91

53.44

45.95

41.79

39.3

38.13

35.83

33.52

31.21

294.45

181.33

89.77

66.63

58.92

51.28

43.12

39.2

35.76

33.11

30.74

28.88

28.24

26.71

25.29

23.87

22.83

22.62

21.14

20.06

18.69

19.02

18.48

17.2

16.72

15.74

16.23

87.78

64.3

41.63

33.78

27.71

24.31

21.39

19.43

18.53

17.55

16.45

15.34

14.74

13

10.04

9.25

25.26

105.44

49.13

34.74

27.02

24.38

21.51

19.38

17.24

15.99

14.44

13.27

12.68

12.57

11.15

10.73

10.24

9.72

9.36

8.52

7.75

7.62

7.53

6.93

6.73

6.76

6.28

59.28

85.79

36.62

24.45

18.64

14.95

12.28

11.55

25.73

17.33

13.07

11.2

64.4

135.17

120.12

153.65

107.35

68.5

51.51

43.97

37.43

30.93

27.09

23.15

22.31

190.38

133.77

68.29

51.65

42.96

37.38

34.81

50.09

44.43

35.28

30.07

25.82

22.14

18.43

192.01

378.72

313.55

131.06

88.67

72.59

65.75

58.71

85.88

125.45

208.56

150.33

107.01

94.27

82.75

77.71

67.26

59.17

54.02

52.15

54.38

48.5

45.85

44.21

42.31

44.25

40.07

37.34

34.27

31.96

31.31

29.23

28.84

28.14

28.05

25.91

26.42

54.02

91.72

63.1

79.42

78.32

60.38

51.49

45.62

41.85

38.99

36.94

36.53

36.47

49.06

50.39

62.47

54.09

127.51

168.38

98.9

66.96

52.36

45.03

47.12

40.51

35.88

32.78

30.33

27.47

26.01

24.43

23.59

22.43

21.58

19.63

18.41

19.19

31.46

45.88

176.06

91.26

62.87

49.39

40.83

918.85

391.47

202.18

143.86

114.23

94.88

82.57

69.64

63.02

56.89

51.54

46.13

43.17

40.31

37.59

36.66

50.48

59.29

86.45

74.58

54.51

48.4

42.71

39.42

36.92

33.89

31.05

29.65

29.52

27.67

25.54

24.31

23.26

22.13

19.82

18.89

17.98

17.28

17.38

16.85

16.16

15.57

14.22

17.79

39.43

29.81

21.91

18.75

15.95

15.27

13.76

13.29

27.5

30.96

23.6

20.35

17.37

16.72

16.09

15.07

14.05

13.32

12.8

12.42

22.45

28.3

31.22

66.19

1088.87

488.1

180.16

168.72

161.98

130.94

111.45

98.7

86.53

78.4

71.75

67.13

64.34

203.21

179.76

127.68

117.1

173.54

129.15

107.35

93.56

84.24

75.66

69

65.33

60.22

56.82

54.63

50.87

48.53

51.93

154.43

117.93

90.78

78.03

71.48

82.1

88.49

80.32

76.69

77.64

69.67

64.72

59.49

64.88

113.89

90.9

76.72

67.91

61.95

57.05

53.14

49.26

173.53

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

11.82

11.46

11.7

11.9

11.92

10.28

9.64

10.45

10.55

9.23

9.76

8.53

7.83

7.54

6.41

7.3

7.27

6.98

5.63

5.78

6.92

7.64

7.37

6.15

6.04

5.99

5.75

5.45

5.19

4.69

4.72

4.9

4.86

4.79

5.95

5.03

4.25

3.9

4.25

4.14

4.02

4.06

3.66

3.82

3.4

2.86

3.37

7.2

24.55

17.05

14.27

10.45

37.18

43.97

23.92

18.87

15.49

13.87

13.54

12.32

11.01

11.51

11.69

9.73

8.8

33.06

31.42

29.96

28.35

33.04

117.4

152.24

137.67

125.97

106.92

87.56

77.87

77.52

79.14

64.25

58.04

51.82

43.47

40.16

35.76

201.58

221.16

134.74

111.49

103

86.67

118.02

222.74

166.14

177.26

295.48

226.5

220.1

231.79

178.62

245.33

412.39

347.29

310.47

238.36

261.77

1054.54

848.41

790.75

447.3

290.96

229.75

198.52

450.87

540.33

498.56

396.68

276.63

217.97

172.13

163.16

130.16

110.3

138.11

113.17

92.18

81.42

72.96

69.26

66.52

61.84

57.55

69.4

59.86

53.57

48.9

45.1

54.26

51.44

57.97

54.55

48.09

42.74

40.82

42.07

46.28

39.73

37.47

35.03

32.9

39.97

39.64

33.76

32.04

30.89

29.75

28.29

25.44

36.22

86.31

446.7

416.19

237.94

252.92

209.64

259.93

355.36

468.63

449.25

264.66

243.31

204.76

176.36

158.51

240.6

213.07

175.52

149.86

133.61

120.1

109.84

103.12

95.56

91.98

84.79

82.94

75.68

72.18

105.27

116.48

118.46

95.76

82.16

70.12

64.96

59.39

56.91

60.82

53.66

47.82

44.3

40.97

39.18

37.7

37.97

37.19

34.45

32.19

31.74

31.02

28.4

26.99

30.62

31.16

27.46

28.38

27.56

26.66

31.04

36.57

32.82

30.22

30.02

33.24

31.93

29.55

28.15

26.94

26.67

25.6

40.22

110.36

56.91

40.49

35.8

33.35

31.35

28.39

26.17

24.38

22.73

20.7

19.68

17.82

17.27

16.65

16.21

28.1

159.31

115.8

112.79

103.08

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

132.06

50.58

404.06

196.08

56.6

98.82

38.91

28.21

52.07

73.2

39.96

47.71

34.93

78.07

43.17

51.89

61.8

59.78

49.85

45.45

48.99

65.27

56.85

31.56

40.24

58.07

0

31.21

65.53

57.83

52.62

33.47

50.88

40.82

55.11

33.93

49.27

47.87

65.1

37.63

67.29

72.8

69.82

37.31

54.26

85.54

75.53

37.74

82.7

60.71

81.49

40.22

46.41

64.34

89.83

42.3

67.8

109.6

97.35

46.25

159.57

50.08

640.99

50.39

177.63

490.31

26.78

55.81

191.59

67.07

28.18

66.7

209.1

53.12

31.47

82.78

0

125.65

33.36

29.02

256.63

62.79

37.18

24.57

0

57.34

41.17

26.33

347.23

62.25

46.89

68.53

28.95

63.28

53.97

93.49

22.41

63.82

66.02

29.28

26.3

63.84

17.93

30.14

18.6

69.76

51.34

42.81

18.82

58.6

54.43

43.22

19.77

72.84

57.34

46.73

20.52

61.03

81.93

48.6

20.94

56.63

90.04

52.24

21.89

63.8

81.25

56.68

22.79

54.82

48.05

60.63

38.95

66.92

51.34

64.78

40.12

56.45

49.93

72.21

60.6

70.4

50.44

72.78

69.39

58.06

54.45

68.41

96.36

71.92

59.25

75.75

26.03

58.16

65.07

83.58

36.23

71.2

72.24

93.25

24.88

59.51

84.16

106.99

26.28

73.65

99.58

229.85

23.84

62.1

73.86

270.15

33.38

78.69

87.28

158.21

38.91

62.71

76.81

216.59

34.9

79.96

58.91

0

29.66

65.34

82.21

0

30.5

85.5

92.52

0

32.83

68.3

105.78

0

35.82

94.22

67.52

0

37.06

70.96

72.47

30.02

41.57

107.73

83.37

90.36

47.27

0

141.54

503.22

122.07

0

71.87

8

WINEPRESS April 2015

|

9


The graph on page 9 (cover ng a years s nce 1960) shows us how ser ous h s year s drough was The purp e co our nd ca es when C ass C r gh s were urned o and C ass B r gh s were res r c ed The red shows when C ass C and B r gh s were unava ab e – a ec ng a 123 consen ho ders nc ud ng he Sou hern Va eys Irr ga on Scheme As you can see 2014/15 was he second wors year or res r c ed wa er use w h 2000/01be ng he wors shu ng down access or c ose o a mon h n o a Many peop e have been ask ng – why can he Sou hern Va eys Irr ga on Scheme be ex ended – maybe a commun y s orage ac y cou d be crea ed draw ng wa er rom he Wa rau dur ng w n er o a ow or back up n he case o a dry summer such as h s one? Tha s a good heory Va says bu no qu e so prac ca He says where n

he va ey wou d a s orage ac y go? When ns ga ed back n 2004 var ous s orage op ons were nves ga ed mos y n va eys o he sou h or wes o he scheme However here was nsu fic en suppor or s orage op ons o make hem v ab e a he me and a subsequen survey carr ed ou by Counc a ew years a er s a ed o ge enough suppor Un or una e y he ab y o ex end he scheme now and a ow more peop e on o s no easy due o he ex s ng p pe ne work The ur her ou he p pes go he sma er hey become he says us ng a road ng ne work o descr be h s po n “C ose o he c y you have a our ane h ghway say wh ch as you rave ur her away becomes a wo ane hen once you ge ou n o he coun rys de you may urn o on o grave roads I s he same w h he p pework or he scheme C ose o he pump he p pes are much

arger han hey are a he end o he ne work ” I a s orage ac y was bu up one o he va eys now a s gn fican por on o he p ped ne work wou d need o be rep aced n order o convey he wa er o and rom he reservo r No one s o b ame or he scheme no u ure proofing se back a he beg nn ng As Va says ew wa er schemes n New Zea and have been ab e o a ord u ure proofing The n a cos s have o be p cked up by hose nvo ved w h he hope ha hey w be re urned n he u ure Bu n he mean me n eres cos s are borne by he n a nves ors “There s an unders andab e concern or hose nvo ved ”Va says “Why shou d he n a par c pan s ns a b gger op ons a he ou se or hose who d dn wan o suppor he scheme a he beg nn ng bu may wan o come on a er?”

WAIHOPAI RIVER WATER ALLOCATION HISTORICAL AVAILABILITY

WA HOPA R VER ALLOCAT ON AVA LAB L TY Class C unavailable, class B restricted

1960-61 1961-62 1962-63 1963-64 1964-65 1965-66 1966-67 1967-68 1968-69 1969-70 1970-71 1971-72 1972-73 1973-74 1974-75 1975-76 1976-77 1977-78 1978-79 1979-80 1980-81 1981-82 1982-83 1983-84 1984-85 1985-86 1986-87 1987-88 1988-89 1989-90 1990-91 1991-92 1992-93 1993-94 1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

10

|

O

N

Class B & C unavailable, class A restricted

m

D

Class A, B, & C unavailable

m

M

A

M

28587

27668

26328

22320

24034

47976

39092

33240

27364

23166

19549

17822

34841

45113

44196

34792

27364

22710

19551

17278

15932

13415

12519

11448

10764

10173

9939

9071

8839

12398

15455

11431

9315

9097

8778

10687

10084

11769

16464

12867

11051

10046

8548

8216

12860

24559

18817

18364

14315

12157

11166

10099

8828

7978

7729

7846

7515

7483

7039

6663

6180

7190

7841

6908

6773

6394

6387

6116

5561

5396

5869

5320

5313

5135

4829

4812

4988

4848

5712

5266

5077

5348

4775

4601

4733

4851

5017

4936

4476

4448

6172

5228

4787

4651

4353

4576

4344

3864

4181

3957

3874

3762

3740

3641

3969

3769

3604

3614

14232

40578

18114

17790

58952

27356

22502

15575

11289

9941

8876

7787

7485

7321

7984

6963

6240

11735

32671

24866

17971

13651

11215

9750

8150

7612

7483

7294

6365

6130

6608

6153

5973

5718

5421

5288

5386

5315

5245

5174

5104

5033

4963

10131

5975

5124

5812

14503

73797

29778

34720

23338

17601

16932

13254

13080

12179

11250

10398

9034

9035

7798

6840

7199

7310

7262

53656

35062

20570

16893

13990

11945

11421

10422

10167

16215

20846

13479

11952

10092

9159

8992

8369

7761

7498

7057

7144

6903

8115

7327

7992

11828

8739

8273

7201

6951

6387

5907

5274

4444

5191

5215

4819

4393

4331

4267

4150

4155

4014

3975

3751

3705

4028

4113

7590

29393

37094

30113

17816

12550

10302

8168

7084

6674

5919

5693

5419

5157

5032

4656

4779

4379

4057

4028

3920

27364

23577

21556

20867

19150

18559

17172

14286

12539

11833

11393

11166

11296

11613

14643

15309

13130

11395

10400

9864

9305

10292

8797

7840

8579

8037

9559

47571

24967

14145

10972

10113

9720

8310

7452

7389

7227

7189

8667

8863

13705

26345

19828

11951

9139

7575

10707

12176

8058

7208

6358

5853

5423

5074

4896

4800

4492

4485

4555

17037

17268

9814

7914

6407

5779

5581

4938

4278

4420

4275

4216

4222

3703

4708

4133

3947

7879

4570

4297

3688

3530

3403

3233

3438

3205

3147

3118

3276

3220

2862

2944

?

?

?

?

5639

4649

12981

8529

6378

5565

5122

4314

5299

76892

157296

35325

19331

12542

10085

7712

6794

6417

48984

26615

16961

12411

9458

8496

6972

6819

6373

6297

6040

5065

4602

4685

4317

4107

4000

3827

3606

3701

3919

4229

4189

3935

3809

3717

3659

3446

3391

3329

3319

3309

3279

3249

3220

3060

3032

2902

3179

3249

4890

46156

14848

7986

6701

6140

14917

32934

38965

23142

21501

17644

12705

9895

8171

7120

6186

5855

5611

5277

4812

4603

4395

4186

3953

3824

3794

3687

3643

3543

3360

3329

3319

3272

3007

3055

3279

3220

3400

3902

3080

2842

2902

24533

23785

10975

9094

8152

6699

5945

5319

4877

4663

4337

4094

3966

3983

16310

134384

68333

43637

31897

109189

76893

45942

36899

29491

24571

22139

19627

15965

13211

11438

10292

9261

10061

30979

49154

59390

34045

26241

20458

17281

14361

13484

11946

10677

11622

9568

55899

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16580

11144

9315

8015

7145

13939

20062

12305

9786

8580

7246

6266

5640

5490

13124

31324

17201

12586

10102

10305

8912

8598

12615

10605

28753

230538

81213

38526

25058

19274

15911

15455

13312

14230

15510

12540

11223

15355

15983

15019

13251

12149

20171

15894

13688

18643

18055

14756

12967

11508

10570

9577

8835

8084

7954

10683

9638

8174

7711

7170

6854

7077

6379

5897

5966

8960

6879

6347

6458

5842

5417

5053

4797

4548

4215

4131

4291

4115

8688

14306

11464

10355

36198

18963

13272

10813

9492

8151

7373

6856

6239

5718

5436

5082

4825

6331

5995

16398

14194

9440

8664

8145

7245

6735

5986

5466

5068

6565

11312

7652

7355

6497

6174

9212

7144

6109

5416

4980

4622

4333

4094

5181

8564

18619

10141

7860

6621

6133

6217

5320

4801

4501

4105

3738

3590

3850

3398

3183

3021

2931

3627

4951

6557

5809

5052

5698

4844

4206

3821

3557

3271

2999

2776

2689

2656

2625

2774

6603

4876

3700

3380

3127

3097

4778

3592

3108

2935

2778

2625

2483

3416

3611

2909

2670

2554

2445

2360

2275

2201

2143

2107

2105

2045

1979

1956

2351

5148

7863

4816

12665

23770

30103

16422

11951

9502

7851

6773

5989

5548

5533

5632

4845

4464

4178

4008

3743

3547

3353

3242

3936

3627

55768

32533

18073

12734

10089

8233

6990

6096

5602

15077

16901

14690

11954

34540

42421

98691

300506

107314

93195

117722

74832

42422

45649

33561

26158

100566

50446

30270

22930

18699

15758

14598

13337

12072

10728

9991

9098

8457

7930

7739

7842

7553

7100

7015

7295

6518

6054

5990

5635

5311

5173

4922

4606

4626

4262

4179

4515

3974

3722

3785

3610

3354

3181

3093

2989

2816

2726

3289

2919

2722

2822

2653

2548

2427

2370

2198

2087

2011

2008

2144

3084

3315

2839

2930

2924

2530

2305

22521

32750

14526

14996

9938

7680

6366

5968

6062

7188

7860

6525

5395

4763

4373

3924

3615

3462

3413

3150

3068

7300

6388

4348

3855

3473

3172

2965

3405

3361

2859

2700

2650

2500

2460

23359

23486

10613

7616

6463

5796

4858

4317

4011

3829

3539

3504

3541

3354

3935

3272

3036

2878

2766

2771

2972

3506

3083

2794

11763

9758

6419

5005

4356

3845

3498

3249

3255

8728

10755

6610

5131

4318

8277

27222

27852

13961

9775

7547

6407

5395

4765

4419

4106

3792

3595

3497

3281

3099

2942

2822

2682

2567

2450

2357

2380

2323

2226

2158

2096

2050

3348

6916

4096

3173

2845

2623

248

WINEPRESS April 2015

3322

3961

8066

19919

6949

4100

4569

6224

10745

4589

5361

3015

33890

4442

5600

3113

11123

4507

5946

3614

58538

4914

6296

3089

13207

5437

6746

2883

40583

5722

7228

2942

16547

5247

8611

2993

9687

5411

9228

3119

22470

4748

8287

3548

10923

5155

9117

3659

33954

2860

4356

6006

12826

3114

4708

5203

62377

3448

5019

5365

15972

4063

5674

6345

17315

4681

9036

6134

5460

5969

5180

3993

38576

6731

4228

4269

22445

2833

4999

4615

5700

2719

8811

5196

54505

2813

4399

2927

49464

2993

3800

2997

6506

3967

3842

3066

8296

4305

4103

3240

82462

4535

4053

3429

8730

37788

31301

3493

3855

4883

26638

3454

3457

3491

14621

3543

2750

9406

17606

3733

2834

8183

44931

3988

2890

5155

14785

4402

3051

6071

32937

4380

3282

9298

68836

4902

3116

4254

22295

5675

3320

4263

22970

5360

3615

4382

3612

4754

3217

4744

108725

4790

3333

4966

42040

5225

3529

5192

3714

5776

3836

5529

146480

6463

4145

6013

8832

8116

4519

6564

3970

5144

5577

7527

18953

5492

4812

8894

4278

5888

6451

11536

7686

6088

8400

18432

10354

6822

8456

8781

3452

9713

7911

2856

10583

4051

4724

9739

4161

10622

4474

5547

9499

8251

12339

4459

11600

7601

8923

13496

2788

7732

14910

100824

2920

4009

7610

16104

2626

5529

3435

8973

2662

6400

3728

10456

2771

7317

3928

13779

3365

7074

3435

9179

3694

7569

3476

10191

4392

8956

4767

11321

1811

3074

3844

7657

10313

8062

3297

2483

12335

11107

3291

2581

4056

5837

5320

2517

4986

6047

8936

2544

3877

5756

3740

2745

3879

5714

6178

2793

3841

5667

9380

3027

4023

5641

4296

2831

4440

5697

7387

2769

4121

5746

9435

2798

4216

5753

5102

2808

4383

5776

7904

2919

4583

5776

10817

3224

7647

5753

6693

3425

4011

5730

8509

3587

4028

8356

13644

3589

3916

9186

8991

4308

4236

9578

10157

3625

4839

9281

17488

4004

5105

7647

14318

4285

4802

9947

11392

5516

5458

5724

20372

5645

6678

5669

25434

4029

7429

5775

13725

3514

9628

5609

26152

3737

14244

5600

46842

4180

26406

5266

18149

5127

5345

5058

32742

3867

4545

6953

72670

4092

5430

5766

25476

4318

5122

5793

40716

4544

5026

5984

34562

6359

4967

5985

37926

3563

5859

5663

61740

22975

9416

5741

10215

8135

7388

5301

60723

10344

4740

5646

78641

12650

5393

5692

9022

38548

6307

5497

18977

32215

7904

5893

30229

15521

8586

5844

7063

5619

5406

6241

31925

5605

5448

6458

10278

6667

5949

5903

6682

10357

9350

6220

58429

9031

5243

3829

20821

11786

5373

3799

6309

7453

4646

3748

85315

7351

4975

3819

13266

7836

5565

3859

4583

8426

8510

62096

6793

9649

9215

4683

17799

104823

5693

3833

8743

148843

6009

3934

5059

212625

6173

3764


However this year has been a wakeup call, and he says there are now a number of people realising the fragility of their water supplies in a dry year, who are very keen to be able to join up. Some additional connections have been made available on a last on, first off basis, within the existing capacity of the scheme, and providing the original scheme participants are not affected. If there is sufficient interest Council would consider extending, or enlarging scheme capacity, including revisiting storage options.

The Waihopai River has a total of 58 consents -16 Class C consents, 26 Class B and 16 Class C. The graph left again shows just how low river levels became over summer, with the purple indicating Class C restrictions, red signalling Class B restrictions and black showing when all consents were withdrawn. Again the restrictions weren’t as bad as they were in 2000/01, but the timing of the restrictions were, given February was when the fruit was undergoing veraison – a period when water is essential for fruit development. In terms of the Awatere, which most think of as the driest sub region of Marlborough, it was a slightly different story.Val says 175 water consents relate to the Awatere River; 90 A, 65

The Rest Of Marlborough For those drawing water from the Waihopai River, it was a similar story to the Wairau, in terms of consents being withdrawn.

B and 20 C. At no stage this summer were the Class A consents withdrawn, and B consents had just a few days during February when their water was restricted. So where to from here? There will be a need to discuss the options of community water storage. And it is inevitable more and more growers will be considering on-property storage as well. In the meantime, we hope the winter months bring enough rain to replenish aquifers in the region, which are at extremely low levels.

AWATERE RIVER HISTORICAL AVAILABILITY OF WATER ALLOCATION CLASSES BASED ON WARMP RULES Class C unavailable, class B restricted

O 1989-90 1990-91 1991-92 1992-93 1993-94 1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01

N

Class B & C unavailable, class A restricted

m

D

Class A, B, & C unavailable

m

No data available

M

A

M

14.994

15.172

14.188

15.579

14.004

11.442

11.487

55.15

42.595

28.795

21.064

24.206

19.324

15.935

14.97

17.899

16.62

25.408

22.353

20.454

19.019

31.815

34.161

27.221

21.59

18.366

17.786

15.117

14.21

14.552

17.494

14.225

14.281

14.012

14.038

11.88

11.593

11.677

12.632

14.419

13.199

10

8.697

8.173

7.788

7.375

7.445

7.93

7.315

8.063

9.349

8.574

8.143

9.136

18.186

11.219

9.388

8.256

7.572

7.412

7.933

6.912

6.454

6.172

6.797

8.927

9.577

6.921

6.121

5.71

5.296

5.1

5.095

4.941

4.906

6.387

62.186

36.627

23.406

20.324

17.657

16.52

16.447

13.7

13.826

14.154

12.206

10.859

14.567

13.586

11.537

10.611

9.983

9.369

8.879

8.568

9.246

8.645

8.184

7.985

8.015

11.45

8.593

7.919

7.512

7.529

7.44

6.94

25.421

24.746

14.568

10.185

8.785

8.665

8.358

7.85

7.284

6.838

6.722

6.639

7.151

7.237

6.323

5.884

5.57

5.656

5.543

5.077

5.382

5.583

7.149

6.862

5.746

5.951

5.811

5.939

6.506

10.524

15.639

11.331

11.272

6.815

5.959

5.229

4.689

4.558

4.219

4.302

4.07

4.623

4.299

4.16

3.668

3.333

3.224

3.052

2.78

2.524

2.524

4.023

4.171

3.551

3.256

7.408

14.107

6.645

5.252

4.299

3.894

3.685

5.626

4.664

3.881

3.426

3.589

3.598

3.632

3.378

3.137

2.958

2.838

2.787

2.776

2.737

2.723

2.579

2.574

2.582

2.511

2.493

6.488

5.735

4.02

3.562

3.321

3.09

2.919

2.889

3.002

2.88

3.141

3.275

3.202

2.694

2.999

9.589

19.271

10.522

7.849

76.901

40.027

21.692

36.047

59.374

31.887

22.733

17.042

13.522

11.798

10.626

9.5

8.55

7.918

7.483

7.024

6.654

6.246

5.964

5.849

5.636

5.537

40.877

30.456

19.571

15.891

13.339

12.54

10.937

10.002

9.086

8.569

8.14

8.791

9.689

9.441

9.411

9.461

9.939

10.323

8.615

7.858

7.971

7.532

9.28

12.109

16.431

23.041

20.47

12.633

10.955

10.081

11.54

9.61

8.741

8.783

7.63

7.693

8.421

8.051

7.282

7.043

6.82

22.823

19.924

14.478

11.652

10.433

10.497

9.116

8.337

7.724

7.467

7.737

7.352

15.491

31.212

21.99

16.518

12.698

10.986

11.877

70.234

88.744

63.846

45.96

36.587

29.254

33.264

27.799

25.158

28.676

32.456

25.177

21.869

19.369

16.556

14.932

13.576

12.307

11.038

11.132

11.019

11.088

10.387

11.997

10.821

8.617

7.941

8.385

7.444

6.976

7.675

8.208

8.415

11.454

9.233

7.575

7.831

7.666

6.813

6.45

6.839

6.529

5.793

5.538

6.095

6.289

5.591

5.157

4.847

4.779

4.874

4.898

4.846

4.551

4.303

4.069

3.919

3.893

3.833

15.695

8.408

5.743

5.169

7.3

7.62

5.993

19.617

28.361

14.849

11.055

9.131

21.108

14.786

11.883

13.295

15.297

12.846

10.643

9.461

8.321

7.888

7.377

6.655

6.086

5.843

11.068

51.562

22.351

15.771

13.101

12.976

13.98

32.5

19.235

13.755

11.354

9.894

10.106

12.65

9.154

8.132

7.474

7.309

6.843

13.524

15.108

10.485

9.072

7.742

6.993

6.416

6.066

5.81

5.648

5.311

5.541

12.572

8.159

6.556

5.907

5.579

5.236

5.027

4.86

4.746

4.59

4.556

4.647

5.417

5.28

6.46

8.47

6.587

5.446

4.896

11.292

9.311

7.025

5.987

5.477

5.732

7.283

8.069

11

11.187

10.295

10.754

9.75

8.374

11.679

9.398

8.552

9.115

8.721

7.746

8.138

11.318

10.296

8.82

8.091

7.301

7.067

16.028

22.498

17.617

14.612

24.555

20.047

15.976

13.715

12.917

11.599

10.408

9.475

8.651

8.075

7.485

6.939

6.56

6.445

6.147

5.785

5.529

5.402

5.25

5.062

4.95

4.803

4.717

4.701

4.91

5.874

5.95

15.089

13.838

13.205

12.491

12.091

12.038

11.664

11.479

13.975

14.667

12.346

11.292

10.777

11.079

9.722

10.733

12.46

16.24

14.25

11.196

10.273

10.152

10.092

9.599

8.894

8.664

8.635

21.055

24.006

15.977

13.257

12.155

13.022

22.055

17.742

15.614

15.599

17.153

14.331

13.225

11.489

10.348

9.308

9.546

9.278

8.905

8.214

7.774

7.77

7.38

7.272

6.877

6.84

6.74

6.741

6.386

6.057

5.838

7.956

31.077

20.898

15.877

12.339

10.301

9.262

8.363

8.773

12.131

19.002

29.009

19.745

15.556

14.588

16.227

12.864

12.953

12.543

12.565

11.357

10.435

9.884

10.165

11.359

10.151

8.996

8.331

9.713

18.385

12.74

12.044

17.294

27.939

33.026

23.733

17.735

13.941

11.651

10.42

10.655

10.286

9.517

9.078

8.167

7.84

8.563

7.933

6.939

6.602

6.51

6.572

6.021

5.772

5.59

5.294

5.189

5.215

11.361

18.464

9.625

7.497

6.227

5.64

5.321

4.96

4.731

4.488

4.248

20.825

21.108

10.789

8.613

7.658

6.844

6.344

5.938

5.555

5.549

13.767

21.452

11.469

8.98

7.759

7.084

7.771

7.5

6.342

5.881

5.704

5.506

5.12

5.044

5.428

5.835

5.09

4.606

4.452

4.262

4.148

3.965

5.784

6.371

4.628

4.296

4.897

8.794

5.64

4.703

10.409

17.01

11.965

14.992

12.36

9.783

9.629

8.142

7.317

6.671

6.263

5.904

5.591

5.269

5.085

4.747

4.577

4.454

4.787

5.386

6.417

6.904

7.339

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

3.645

3.628

3.667

3.604

3.533

3.45

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

7.777

0.001

13.789

16.63

17.884

15.405

15.219

17.36

18.479

27.037

39.002

29.244

33.004

33.736

30.103

22.55

19.657

17.807

19.167

19.902

22.101

23.724

28.167

42.302

60.334

67.907

63.374

46.506

34.446

29.412

25.084

22.189

23.274

25.552

25.553

25.398

23.606

19.735

18.638

17.892

16.525

16.052

17.383

17.074

16.102

17.103

18.628

24.461

20.573

21.065

23.839

20.202

17.14

16.183

14.65

13.559

13.124

12.634

12.178

11.566

11.593

11.654

11.929

17.166

14.595

41.312

33.316

40.132

39.913

28.216

23.287

20.926

19.588

18.809

17.536

15.651

13.745

13.047

12.941

12.465

12.117

11.491

11.111

10.682

10.68

11.066

15.402

14.697

12.942

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4.463

10.598

8.298

7.404

6.884

6.518

6.241

6.001

5.784

5.705

6.194

8.093

6.639

5.956

7.91

13.607

6.956

6.519

6.69

6.435

6.144

6.978

20.515

26.309

25.681

33.468

20.507

16.125

14.118

12.537

10.961

10.072

9.44

8.981

8.186

7.58

7.379

16.42

12.205

9.453

10.508

9.282

8.126

10.614

12.671

9.975

11.833

19.397

13.59

13.335

13.079

11.552

22.857

44.29

30.28

21.313

16.488

25.398

66.634

60.609

58.916

41.027

29.489

21.361

18.164

55.878

73.512

79.957

57.69

42.371

32.105

25.417

22.44

17.514

15.743

17.892

17.347

16.614

15.614

13.489

11.557

10.501

9.31

12.193

17.412

11.957

10.197

9.294

8.818

9.168

10.475

11.17

9.077

8.143

7.522

6.966

6.793

6.429

6.398

6.258

6.669

5.937

15.699

11.029

8.845

8.035

7.201

6.51

6.261

6.7

6.912

18.362

29.026

19.415

14.437

11.889

16.249

14.617

11.445

9.974

8.718

7.855

7.248

6.866

6.626

6.403

5.956

5.776

5.482

5.193

5.242

5.991

7.984

13.685

10.96

7.586

6.453

6.379

47.9

23.24

16.12

13.214

11.782

10.63

9.675

8.92

8.229

7.446

6.926

6.462

6.438

6.095

5.807

6.097

11.296

11.506

13.548

14.943

12.719

10.008

8.671

8.037

7.34

6.714

6.151

6.083

6.107

5.765

5.229

5.121

4.965

4.857

4.656

4.542

4.665

5.291

4.803

4.547

4.429

4.268

26.853

71.639

30.766

19.7

15.52

13.282

11.987

11.008

10.79

17.962

12.448

10.961

9.926

9.21

8.837

8.439

8.001

7.676

7.471

7.241

7.792

8.461

7.727

7.451

16.244

66.733

35.555

21.511

26.979

23.542

18.348

14.826

13.009

11.76

10.754

9.961

9.426

9.843

34.358

23.81

16.806

17.083

18.65

15.411

13.655

12.354

11.127

10.19

9.349

8.683

8.204

7.982

7.702

7.403

7.199

11.25

38.711

22.859

15.85

13.452

15.562

24.907

21.46

16.596

14.251

12.528

11.483

10.587

9.853

9.708

10.731

9.232

8.556

8.084

7.616

7.293

6.999

6.874

25.895

22.205

18.834

44.724

34.048

26.094

25.216

21.707

23.006

22.164

23.052

20.008

18.387

21.473

25.239

23.749

23.937

31.805

24.915

20.543

17.479

16.189

15.466

14.644

13.905

13.33

12.789

12.418

11.886

11.212

10.774

11.211

11.245

11.287

10.265

9.729

9.097

8.716

8.499

8.48

8.457

8.04

7.686

7.217

7.025

6.985

7.169

6.853

6.79

6.496

6.779

6.573

6.775

6.769

6.353

5.868

5.628

6.378

7.803

6.218

6.177

12.668

14.521

16.054

12.024

11.302

10.542

8.598

7.816

7.35

7.033

7.903

7.011

9.08

9.851

7.665

7.037

6.821

6.624

6.555

6.019

5.76

5.446

5.146

4.881

4.82

4.788

4.408

4.217

4.078

5.161

5.199

4.556

4.788

4.228

3.984

3.838

3.695

3.557

3.806

3.801

6.944

5.832

18.738

16.638

8.809

6.696

5.614

5.079

4.797

4.703

4.233

4.106

3.828

3.717

3.568

3.322

3.166

3.171

3.307

3.084

3.015

2.928

2.909

2.88

2.797

2.775

2.761

2.604

2.515

2.681

3.216

2.828

2.613

2.449

2.333

2.471

2.482

2.405

2.287

2.279

2.409

2.409

2.314

2.214

2.078

2.012

1.944

2.016

1.965

1.966

1.987

1.967

1.977

1.997

2.341

2.242

2.114

2.025

1.995

1.922

1.905

1.924

1.894

1.894

1.884

2.331

3.543

2.389

2.207

2.116

2.081

2.005

1.965

1.894

1.861

1.845

1.775

1.767

1.783

1.849

2.08

1.994

1.896

1.845

1.957

13.225

5.219

3.602

3.076

2.728

2.59

2.482

2.387

2.406

2.398

2.4

2.358

2.293

2.249

2.239

2.231

2.195

2.229

2.219

2.521

2.377

2.275

2.244

2.236

2.149

2.142

2.12

2.115

2.112

2.127

2.13

2.144

2.388

3.426

5.055

3.726

3.159

3.328

10.604

25.644

11.78

7.879

6.524

5.347

4.776

4.413

4.24

3.978

4.274

3.891

3.579

3.745

20.835

10.905

7.579

6.098

5.407

4.945

4.506

AWATERE RIVER HISTORICAL AVAILABILITY OF WATER ALLOCATION CLASSES BASED ON WARMP RULES Class C unavailable, class B restricted

October 1989-90 1990-91 1991-92 1992-93 1993-94 1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15

Class B & C unavailable, class A restricted

November

December

Class A, B, & C unavailable

January

February

No data available

March

April

May

14.994

15.172

14.188

15.579

14.004

11.442

11.487

55.15

42.595

28.795

21.064

24.206

19.324

15.935

14.97

17.899

16.62

25.408

22.353

20.454

19.019

31.815

34.161

27.221

21.59

18.366

17.786

15.117

14.21

14.552

17.494

14.225

14.281

14.012

14.038

11.88

11.593

11.677

12.632

14.419

13.199

10

8.697

8.173

7.788

7.375

7.445

7.93

7.315

8.063

9.349

8.574

8.143

9.136

18.186

11.219

9.388

8.256

7.572

7.412

7.933

6.912

6.454

6.172

6.797

8.927

9.577

6.921

6.121

5.71

5.296

5.1

5.095

4.941

4.906

6.387

62.186

36.627

23.406

20.324

17.657

16.52

16.447

13.7

13.826

14.154

12.206

10.859

14.567

13.586

11.537

10.611

9.983

9.369

8.879

8.568

9.246

8.645

8.184

7.985

8.015

11.45

8.593

7.919

7.512

7.529

7.44

6.94

25.421

24.746

14.568

10.185

8.785

8.665

8.358

7.85

7.284

6.838

6.722

6.639

7.151

7.237

6.323

5.884

5.57

5.656

5.543

5.077

5.382

5.583

7.149

6.862

5.746

5.951

5.811

5.939

6.506

10.524

15.639

11.331

11.272

6.815

5.959

5.229

4.689

4.558

4.219

4.302

4.07

4.623

4.299

4.16

3.668

3.333

3.224

3.052

2.78

2.524

2.524

4.023

4.171

3.551

3.256

7.408

14.107

6.645

5.252

4.299

3.894

3.685

5.626

4.664

3.881

3.426

3.589

3.598

3.632

3.378

3.137

2.958

2.838

2.787

2.776

2.737

2.723

2.579

2.574

2.582

2.511

2.493

6.488

5.735

4.02

3.562

3.321

3.09

2.919

2.889

3.002

2.88

3.141

3.275

3.202

2.694

2.999

9.589

19.271

10.522

7.849

76.901

40.027

21.692

36.047

59.374

31.887

22.733

17.042

13.522

11.798

10.626

9.5

8.55

7.918

7.483

7.024

6.654

6.246

5.964

5.849

5.636

5.537

40.877

30.456

19.571

15.891

13.339

12.54

10.937

10.002

9.086

8.569

8.14

8.791

9.689

9.441

9.411

9.461

9.939

10.323

8.615

7.858

7.971

7.532

9.28

12.109

16.431

23.041

20.47

12.633

10.955

10.081

11.54

9.61

8.741

8.783

7.63

7.693

8.421

8.051

7.282

7.043

6.82

22.823

19.924

14.478

11.652

10.433

10.497

9.116

8.337

7.724

7.467

7.737

7.352

15.491

31.212

21.99

16.518

12.698

10.986

11.877

70.234

88.744

63.846

45.96

36.587

29.254

33.264

27.799

25.158

28.676

32.456

25.177

21.869

19.369

16.556

14.932

13.576

12.307

11.038

11.132

11.019

11.088

10.387

11.997

10.821

8.617

7.941

8.385

7.444

6.976

7.675

8.208

8.415

11.454

9.233

7.575

7.831

7.666

6.813

6.45

6.839

6.529

5.793

5.538

6.095

6.289

5.591

5.157

4.847

4.779

4.874

4.898

4.846

4.551

4.303

4.069

3.919

3.893

3.833

15.695

8.408

5.743

5.169

7.3

7.62

5.993

19.617

28.361

14.849

11.055

9.131

21.108

14.786

11.883

13.295

15.297

12.846

10.643

9.461

8.321

7.888

7.377

6.655

6.086

5.843

11.068

51.562

22.351

15.771

13.101

12.976

13.98

32.5

19.235

13.755

11.354

9.894

10.106

12.65

9.154

8.132

7.474

7.309

6.843

13.524

15.108

10.485

9.072

7.742

6.993

6.416

6.066

5.81

5.648

5.311

5.541

12.572

8.159

6.556

5.907

5.579

5.236

5.027

4.86

4.746

4.59

4.556

4.647

5.417

5.28

6.46

8.47

6.587

5.446

4.896

11.292

9.311

7.025

5.987

5.477

5.732

7.283

8.069

11

11.187

10.295

10.754

9.75

8.374

11.679

9.398

8.552

9.115

8.721

7.746

8.138

11.318

10.296

8.82

8.091

7.301

7.067

16.028

22.498

17.617

14.612

24.555

20.047

15.976

13.715

12.917

11.599

10.408

9.475

8.651

8.075

7.485

6.939

6.56

6.445

6.147

5.785

5.529

5.402

5.25

5.062

4.95

4.803

4.717

4.701

4.91

5.874

5.95

15.089

13.838

13.205

12.491

12.091

12.038

11.664

11.479

13.975

14.667

12.346

11.292

10.777

11.079

9.722

10.733

12.46

16.24

14.25

11.196

10.273

10.152

10.092

9.599

8.894

8.664

8.635

21.055

24.006

15.977

13.257

12.155

13.022

22.055

17.742

15.614

15.599

17.153

14.331

13.225

11.489

10.348

9.308

9.546

9.278

8.905

8.214

7.774

7.77

7.38

7.272

6.877

6.84

6.74

6.741

6.386

6.057

5.838

7.956

31.077

20.898

15.877

12.339

10.301

9.262

8.363

8.773

12.131

19.002

29.009

19.745

15.556

14.588

16.227

12.864

12.953

12.543

12.565

11.357

10.435

9.884

10.165

11.359

10.151

8.996

8.331

9.713

18.385

12.74

12.044

17.294

27.939

33.026

23.733

17.735

13.941

11.651

10.42

10.655

10.286

9.517

9.078

8.167

7.84

8.563

7.933

6.939

6.602

6.51

6.572

6.021

5.772

5.59

5.294

5.189

5.215

11.361

18.464

9.625

7.497

6.227

5.64

5.321

4.96

4.731

4.488

4.248

20.825

21.108

10.789

8.613

7.658

6.844

6.344

5.938

5.555

5.549

13.767

21.452

11.469

8.98

7.759

7.084

7.771

7.5

6.342

5.881

5.704

5.506

5.12

5.044

5.428

5.835

5.09

4.606

4.452

4.262

4.148

3.965

5.784

6.371

4.628

4.296

4.897

8.794

5.64

4.703

10.409

17.01

11.965

14.992

12.36

9.783

9.629

8.142

7.317

6.671

6.263

5.904

5.591

5.269

5.085

4.747

4.577

4.454

4.787

5.386

6.417

6.904

7.339

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

3.645

3.628

3.667

3.604

3.533

3.45

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

7.777

0.001

13.789

16.63

17.884

15.405

15.219

17.36

18.479

27.037

39.002

29.244

33.004

33.736

30.103

22.55

19.657

17.807

19.167

19.902

22.101

23.724

28.167

42.302

60.334

67.907

63.374

46.506

34.446

29.412

25.084

22.189

23.274

25.552

25.553

25.398

23.606

19.735

18.638

17.892

16.525

16.052

17.383

17.074

16.102

17.103

18.628

24.461

20.573

21.065

23.839

20.202

17.14

16.183

14.65

13.559

13.124

12.634

12.178

11.566

11.593

11.654

11.929

17.166

14.595

41.312

33.316

40.132

39.913

28.216

23.287

20.926

19.588

18.809

17.536

15.651

13.745

13.047

12.941

12.465

12.117

11.491

11.111

10.682

10.68

11.066

15.402

14.697

12.942

17.463

14.46

13.444

21.348

17.548

13.853

13.257

26.027

30.73

26.185

21.091

17.203

16.555

13.663

12.137

11.028

10.08

11.922

21.496

14.888

12.565

11.063

10.103

9.615

8.842

7.942

7.711

7.463

6.941

6.634

8.637

7.438

6.586

6.195

5.888

5.787

5.726

6.244

7.639

7.061

6.309

5.872

5.45

5.018

4.723

4.622

4.674

4.579

4.359

4.129

4.081

3.989

3.892

3.743

3.667

7.394

31.772

18.128

11.083

8.878

7.621

6.841

6.425

5.927

5.544

5.345

13.494

22.028

11.718

9.251

7.999

7.237

6.65

6.221

5.78

5.619

6.436

5.524

5.093

4.777

4.463

4.89

4.668

4.275

4.218

4.924

4.538

4.337

4.098

4.702

3.979

3.611

3.572

3.774

12.041

12.064

8.568

6.649

5.813

5.6

5.261

4.856

4.575

4.693

7.445

8.987

7.962

8.765

8.935

7.389

6.839

6.339

5.976

5.481

5.243

5.131

5.054

4.899

5.386

4.98

4.993

4.901

4.671

4.409

5.344

6.086

6.284

6.4

5.614

5.6

5.821

5.003

4.57

4.223

4.03

3.936

3.858

3.859

3.59

9.3

68.531

96.735

68.109

42.37

29.399

23.49

19.191

16.986

15.305

14.067

13.365

12.797

11.816

11.404

10.913

10.329

15.335

15.369

14.337

10.563

13.349

19.781

18.108

11.943

9.284

8.116

12.612

10.274

8.675

7.925

7.398

6.868

6.501

6.249

6.065

9.414

8.658

12.83

9.382

7.792

6.797

6.434

6.248

5.906

5.524

5.01

4.748

7.486

5.435

5.121

4.639

4.178

4.176

5.729

8.394

5.973

4.988

5.74

5.533

4.869

4.443

4.024

3.773

3.676

3.273

3.152

3.164

8.554

12.702

10.073

9.343

8.394

15.916

14.274

10.205

8.175

7.289

6.4

5.504

6.932

7.805

6.946

31.611

56.204

47.488

32.974

25.796

17.916

13.433

10.697

8.128

6.956

5.864

5.281

5.015

6.175

4.42

3.908

4.089

66.663

133.85

64.249

41.061

30.295

24.583

20.779

17.465

14.075

13.546

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3

3.013

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3.747

3.61

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9.02

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54.819

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29.784

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8.709

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11

11.047

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11.302

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6.443

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42.912

38.246

29.652

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18.917

16.758

15.506

13.377

12.58

12

11.433

11.104

10.976

10.491

19.145

26.68

26.23

20.735

16.401

14.49

13.686

13.669

13.012

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32.161

24.821

21.339

52.05

43.863

32.879

27.479

8.169

8.533

12.16

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11.462

9.431

9.161

8.918

0.001

0.001

8.471

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6.854

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110.196

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49.566

36.532

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3.42

3.5

3.356

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3.307

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3.124

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27.864

26.278

38.91

43.47

32.591

27.778

30.307

27.146

22.558

18.088

18.061

42.933

36.482

29.915

25.867

22.066

19.146

17.47

15.323

13.669

12.528

18.057

28.266

33.546

27.02

25.312

23.187

20.677

17.204

4.517

3.836

3.886

3.305

2.779

5.419

6.111

7.044

6.541

4.543

3.675

3.295

6.621

8.74

8.186

7.915

7.503

8.097

9.611

10.125

8.213

7.445

6.971

6.843

6.386

6.179

9.179

11.312

8.475

8.67

7.237

6.482

6.112

6.764

6.592

9.713

10.455

9.728

8.844

8.059

7.424

6.977

6.959

7.401

7.133

6.617

5.758

5.458

5.248

4.723

4.802

4.41

4.866

5.356

4.724

4.561

5.601

4.835

4.583

4.699

3.816

3.651

3.868

3.503

3.205

3.265

3.094

3.072

3.295

3.196

16.163

12.102

7.185

5.888

5.778

4.875

4.214

6.962

32.857

24.91

11.55

9.026

9.328

6.969

5.823

5.15

4.722

4.367

7.038

11.299

7.905

12.462

21.831

9.229

7.198

6.079

5.201

4.721

4.495

4.301

3.977

3.509

3.2

3.12

3.226

3.121

3.084

2.963

2.935

2.812

2.757

2.738

6.592

6.944

4.07

3.213

2.947

2.82

2.759

2.733

2.743

2.714

2.731

2.737

2.727

2.61

2.56

2.516

2.568

2.543

2.483

2.462

3.525

2.655

2.402

2.269

2.211

2.196

2.188

2.166

2.106

2.106

6.353

3.03

9.838

15.336

8.65

4.956

3.741

3.317

2.964

2.749

2.611

2.511

2.495

2.476

33.236

19.175

14.541

11.469

9.779

8.765

7.851

6.951

6.149

5.842

40.346

999999

999999

999999

999999

12.715

11.791

11.12

10.587

10.157

10.26

9.718

9.287

9.003

8.692

8.449

8.319

8.117

7.893

7.788

7.673

7.577

7.543

15.344

23.403

29.732

31.494

26.145

21.614

20.67

19.03

39.272

69.803

196.632

128.602

73.125

47.957

38.567

34.013

999999

999999

999999

999999

999999

999999

35.824

33.588

29.241

27.864

26.278

38.91

43.47

32.591

27.778

30.307

27.146

22.558

18.088

18.061

42.933

36.482

29.915

25.867

22.066

19.146

17.47

15.323

13.669

12.528

18.057

28.266

33.546

27.02

25.312

23.187

20.677

17.204

18.482

19.336

19.961

20.205

19.904

21.147

21.333

17.529

17.029

15.271

14.624

13.954

14.235

12.988

12.696

12.978

13.112

12.508

11.59

10.43

10.209

10.289

9.896

9.257

9.592

9.947

9.161

7.337

7.067

15.215

10.755

41.045

23.002

10.534

8.955

8.25

8.213

6.253

4.409

3.421

3.328

3.26

3.147

3.101

3.053

4.431

4.224

3.949

6.072

3.723

4.468

3.661

4.162

4.944

5.568

3.62

10.285

18.602

4.701

2.59

38.537

22.249

4.891

2.728

20.146

8.508

4.364

3.216

5.25

23.006

6.408

2.681

5.874

22.408

6.152

2.515

6.827

7.379

7.348

2.604

7.551

9.03

7.823

2.761

8.676

21.707

9.045

2.775

4.894

5.227

9.276

2.797

4.213

9.807

9.416

2.88

4.141

5.38

9.97

2.909

4.169

10.083

7.701

2.928

4.341

5.404

8.354

3.015

4.569

10.114

9.233

3.084

4.9

5.039

6.163

3.307

5.335

10.406

6.322

3.171

5.735

11.26

6.442

7.903

5.694

4.654

6.529

6.573

8.36

5.901

5.621

5.474

5.154

5.022

4.905

4.649

4.849

4.477

4.224

4.096

4.142

4.763

4.304

10.722

8.954

8.181

7.887

6.775

6.001

4.908

8.738

7.813

10.673

15.038

10.208

9.658

8.403

7.741

7.501

6.898

6.692

6.537

19.886

23.453

34.59

27.935

23.045

20.504

55.686

32.533

27.3

24.766

21.718

18.81

16.949

15.829

14.562

17.058

103.32

76.202

4.784

6.745

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Cawthron Marlborough Environment Awards The winner of the Wine Industry Innovation award at the recent Cawthron Environmental Awards went to Pernod Ricard Winemakers and the Heritage Centre. Here is what impressed the judges. Pernod Ricard is an industry leader in implementing environmental management programmes across the company. These efforts have been

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acknowledged with a range of ISO certifications for environmental management, food safety, and health and safety; Biogro for 100ha of organic vineyards; and Qualmark EnviroGold for the Brancott Estate Heritage Centre. These achievements all sit within the Sustainable Development Charter established by Pernod Ricard: “Sustainable development means reconciling economic efficiency with social fairness and the protection of the environment in a process of continuous improvement.” The approach to continuous improvement is embedded in its initiatives for sustainability and efficient use of resources. Per litre of wine since 2010 there has been a 40% decrease in winery energy consumption, 85% decrease in winery waste to landfill, 15% decrease in winery water consumption and a 28% drop in CO2 emissions. In the vineyard innovations include computer monitoring

of soil moisture that determines how much water is irrigated based on soil type and grape variety, rather than just setting the timer. This refined approach conserves water, saves power (less pumping) and provides bespoke growing conditions for each variety. Use of certain sprays has been scaled back and in some cases stopped even though they are allowed under Sustainable Winegrowing NZ guidelines. Organic practices such as under-vine mulching, cultivation to improve irrigation penetration and use of grape marc compost have also been applied to conventional vineyards. There is a company-wide target for native restoration plantings to be increased each year, with 25% of available land now planted – the Kaituna vineyard and wetland is a good example of this commitment. In the winery, Pernod Ricard has led the way in finding alternative filtration methods to using diatomaceous earth (DE), a difficult substance to handle and dispose of. Their choice of Dynamos and Decanter technologies has provided environmental and financial benefits. The outlay of $900,000 was paid back in 3-4 months through improved


quality of wine, savings from no longer buying DE, and significant reduction in water use and disposal to landfill. The new filtration system has futureproofed the company as it increases production from 28,000T to 43,000T a year. The Brancott Estate Heritage Centre is designed to fit into the landscape and includes water collection off the roof, natural ventilation rather than air conditioning, massed native plantings and fencing made from recycled grape posts. Brancott Estate is the premier sponsor of the Marlborough Falcon Trust, providing $500,000 to raise awareness about this endangered native species. An aviary, self-guided walk and falcon encounters are on site for visitors. $1 from each bottle of the Living Land label goes to the Trust. The Heritage Centre is also the base for a 5.5km vineyard guided cycle tour that introduces consumers to sustainable vineyard practice as well as learning about the wetland and native planted area. Other finalists in the Wine Industry Innovation Category included; • Spy Valley Wines Wetland at Hillocks Road • Southern Water Engineering • Matua Marlborough Winery

The Supreme Winner was also related to innovation or at least research that complements the wine industry. The NZ Dryland Forests Initiative has planted 120,000 eucalyptus trees in 38 trials throughout New Zealand in its quest to breed the best trees to establish a durable hardwood industry. Durable hardwoods can be used in the ground for decades without chemical treatment, which makes them ideal for vineyard posts, building and decking. The judges of the Cawthron Marlborough Environmental awards said the results of the research would solve a range of gnarly environmental issues. • An alternative to chemically treated grape posts • No more stock piles of hard-to-dispose-of treated posts • A productive use of drought prone land and erosion control on slopes The trees will be harvested by coppicing to grow back again It will be a new source for durable hardwoods rather than clearfelling tropical rainforests Project leader Paul Millen estimates that mature durable hardwoods will be three times as profitable as pinus radiata for New Zealand forest owners and are well suited to drought conditions. The Award judges obviously agreed, awarding NZDFI the Cawthron Environmental Awards Supreme Winner of 2015.

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Phone us today to discuss your Grape Harvesting requirements Ph: 578 6580 or 0274 441 404 41 St Leonards Road, Blenheim, roseag@xtra.co.nz

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Health and Safety Reforms Dan Szegota Senior Broker ICIB Insurance Brokers

The purpose of this article is to highlight that business owner’s and senior executives will have significant obligations under the Health and Safety Reform Bill. There is some sentiment in the business community that the changes are inconsequential and that in reality the status quo will not change significantly. However this belief is incorrect and there are real and severe penalties for businesses, business owners, directors and senior executives/managers and workers themselves who do not comply. The Government has set a goal to reduce workplace deaths and serious injuries by at least 25% by 2020. This means there will be political interest in seeing whether this goal is achieved that will drive the degree to which compliance is monitored and enforced by a new regulator which will be well resourced and highly motivated. The main factor driving the change to New Zealand’s Health and Safety regime is the alarming rate at which New Zealanders are killed and injured in workplaces. New Zealand health and safety is very poor compared to other OECD countries and fatalities are twice that of Australia and six times that of the UK. There is to be a change in focus from ‘Employers and Employees’, to ‘Workers and Workplaces’, as well as a change from the “all practicable steps” test to “reasonably practicable” test which, although similar to the previous one, places absolute duty to ensure health and safety of workers is qualified only Corporation Category 1 $3 million Category2 $1.5 million Category 3 $500,000

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by reasonable practicability. Perhaps the most significant change for businesses is the increased penalty regime for failing to comply with the provisions of the Bill. The table below outlines these and are based on 3 categories: Category 1 – Reckless conduct exposing someone to death/serious injury; Category 2 – Failure to comply, exposing someone to death/serious injury; and Category 3 – Failure to comply with a health & safety duty. The key duty holders in relation to a workplace or work of a business or undertaking are: • PCBUs - usually the business entity, such as a company, rather than an individual person; • Officers – Directors, partners or anyone making decisions that affect the whole or substantial part of the business; • Workers - including as an employee, contractor, subcontractor, apprentice, outworker, employee of a labour hire company, person on work experience, or volunteer. • “Other persons” (such as customers and visitors) will also have limited obligations.

Individual as PCBU or officer $600,000, five years in jail or both $300,000 $100,000

Individual as worker $300,000, five years in jail or both $150,000 $50,000

WorkSafe New Zealand (The Regulator) This regulator exists to discharge the operational functions of the Ministry of Business & Innovation relating to workplace health and safety and whose main objective is to “promote and contribute to the prevention of harm to all people at work and in or in the vicinity of the workplace.” They are highly resourced with 200 core inspectors, 29 High Hazards and Major Facilities inspectors and a budget of $80 million per annum. Their key areas of focus will be increased visibility in New Zealand workplaces with a specific focus on high risk areas including, agriculture, forestry, construction. They will be creating clearer expectations and a firmer regulatory stance but also assisting business by providing better guidance and support documentation. Insurance It is important to note that insurance coverage under a statutory liability policy is very limited in relation to health and safety claims. It remains unlawful to provide indemnity for penalties awarded and therefore will only provide indemnity for defence costs and reparations awarded. The fines and penalties remain the responsibility of the company or individual/s prosecuted. It is obvious that significant reductions in statistics will not only require changes in legislation, but also significant changes in the way workplaces and industries operate with health and safety duties now becoming a part of everyday business.


Reverse Trends Tessa Nicholson

A few years back it was New Zealanders who were crossing the Tasman looking for opportunities. But apparently that has changed, as an Australian journalist has discovered. Cameron Stewart is the Associate Editor of The Australian, the country’s national newspaper. Recently in New Zealand, he visited Marlborough to flesh out Australians involved in the wine industry and wasn’t disappointed. The aim of his feature, (which appeared in The Australian Weekend this month) was to show how New Zealand has turned the tables on its nearest neighbour in terms of economy, political stability and most of all employment opportunities. Cameron says that is a far cry from the way it was a few years ago, when the famous quote from Australia to New Zealand was; “last one to leave turn the lights out.” “When we looked at the stats, the old fashioned brain drain from New Zealand to Australia was completely changing. Far fewer Kiwis were going to Australia to try and make a living. A lot were actually coming back and interestingly; a lot of Australians were coming over. “The net migration we were seeing a decade ago is not happening now. In fact in October last year, New Zealand had a net migration plus against Australia. That’s the first time (that has occurred) since 1992, which is effectively the first time in a generation.” While in New Zealand Cameron met with Prime Minister John Key and was visiting regions that were beacons for Australians – Marlborough being one of those. “The wine industry is iconic for both our countries,” he said. “And I was curious to see if Australians were heading here to Marlborough. Low and behold I come to the Marlborough region and I find there are dozens of

Australians who have transplanted themselves willingly here. They have come over because the opportunities are very good, they have good jobs and most, from what I can tell, have made a success of it. What I find really interesting is that they don’t tend to treat coming here as some sort of transitory moment in their career. They basically see this as their home, they are here for the long haul.” It’s an interesting premise that New Zealand has become the land of opportunities, when compared with Australia. Especially given how well they had made it through the global financial crisis, which affected New Zealand quite severely. Cameron says there are a number of reasons this country is looking so solid in Australian’s eyes. “New Zealand now has faster economic growth than Australia. It has lower unemployment. The opportunities in New Zealand are arguably more than in Australia, which is having a bit of a

tough time economically. Politically, we have had lots of issues with our leaders. We have had the Rudd government; the Gillard government and now the Abbott government and all have had their dramas. At times it can feel a bit like a soap opera.Yet across the Tasman there is this leader who is very popular and is in his third term of government. In New Zealand you have a very stable political culture, at a time when Australia has a very unstable political culture. That is to me really interesting.” The stats also show that New Zealanders are returning home from Australia in increasing numbers. Cameron says that is another indication that this country is seen as being in a growth mode, with more opportunities available now than there were a decade ago. Marlborough’s growing wine industry is a classic example of those opportunities he discovered.

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Generation Y-ine - Beth Forrest TESSA NICHOLSON From daddy’s girl, to demonic teenager to dad’s co-winemaker are a few of the evolutionary changes Beth Forrest has undergone in her 29 years. Aged only three when her parents John and Brigid Forrest bought their property here in Marlborough, Beth has little recollection of the apple orchard that existed at the time. But she is well versed in the story that turned her parents from apple growers to wine makers a few years later. John was working as a cellar hand at Grove Mill in 1990, when a tank of Cabernet Sauvignon he had laboured over growing on the Wairau Plains exploded. He lost all the skins, and there was very little option left other than to turn the juice into Rosé. That was the first ever Forrest wine and with a hand drawn label it was entered into Air NZ wine awards, taking out the Champion Rosé trophy. After that Beth says there was no stopping her father – apples were ripped out, vines were planted and a new winery was born. It was an idyllic childhood for Beth, who admits that she was a daddy’s girl through and through. “I used to spend every afternoon with dad. My memories of school, are coming home and then heading out into the vineyard with dad. It was either on the tractor or cruising round the vineyard with the dogs, trying to help.” Despite being constantly bombarded with everything to do with wine, as a youngster Beth planned a career as a vet but by the time she got to the age of 11, she had decided, anything her dad could do, she would try and emulate. “So I was going to be a winemaker.” But then the teenage years hit and she says her father describes her during that period as being a little demon. (Actually

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she says he called her something much worse, but we probably shouldn’t print that). “I wanted nothing to do with what my dad had done or the winemaking, or vineyards what-so-ever.” Otago University and the scarfie life led her to Dunedin where she undertook a double major in physical geography and microbiology. “I wasn’t really sure what I wanted to do at that point, but geography had always been my favourite subject at school and I took micro to maintain a science background, just in case I did decide I wanted to do winemaking.” While it may sound an unusual mix, Beth says the physical geography has been a major bonus in her role within the wine industry. “It has probably ended up being more valuable than the micro,” she admits. “Landforms, water, hydrology – when it comes down to irrigation in the vineyard it has been hugely beneficial over the years.” Despite loving the geography side of things, the offer of a PhD position at Otago meant she had to make a decision about her future. “It was a Masters position to lead to a PhD, which entailed sitting on a glacier in Antarctica. It was at that point that I thought – perhaps I’d rather do winemaking and travel around the world.” Adelaide was a much warmer option than Antarctica, so off she went to complete her winemaking degree. Of the 21 that took part in the post grad diploma in her year, Beth was one of 11 that went on to do the Masters programme. She also took on a marketing paper – which she believes is a vital component for all winemakers. After all, it is them that will eventually

be in the market place selling their wine – so it’s nice to have some background in the subject. There was no real decision to be made when it came to choosing winemaking over viticulture, although Beth says her background helped in her final decision. “I got brought up to believe and I still do, that it is all part of one thing and you can’t make good wine unless you have grown good grapes.You can manipulate them to make them better or worse in the winery, but if your raw product to start with is rubbish, there is only so much further you can take it. I have always tried to keep in close touch with the viticultural side of things and here (at Forrest) they go hand in hand the whole way.” With no pressure from her parents to come back to Forrest Wines, Beth headed for Central Otago and Peregrine Wines, where winemaker Peter Bartle took her under his wing. “He had worked here (at Forrest) for a while and we had always stayed in touch. So he was very excited to take the little girl he had known, and give her a job.” An extended period of travel saw her undertake vintages overseas, along with vintages here in New Zealand. In the late 2000s she worked at Indevin, which opened her eyes to the efficiencies of a large company. “I believe every winemaker should work at a really big wine company. There is no other way to learn how good and how efficient systems can be. You have restrictions and barriers in place for quality control and all of that can be taken back to a smaller scale. It should be a huge part of anyone’s development as a winemaker I think.” A few more years travelling saw her making wine in Rioja and the UK,


at Chapel Down in Kent. But New Zealand was calling and one day in London she realised that she had had enough of cruising the world, she wanted to come home. “I was ready to do that, but I wasn’t ready to work every day with my father. I had basically been away for 10 years and I needed to get back in touch with Marlborough, especially with Sauvignon Blanc and Pinot Noir. And the industry had changed since I was a kid hanging round in the winery. “So I did a harvest with Lawson’s Dry Hills and then came back and got a permanent job with them, where I stayed for three years. They are larger than us, but were still family owned, so it was a good place to come back to and to get involved with. It allowed me to get back in touch with Forrest as well.”

This vintage will be Beth’s first as a winemaker for Forrest Wines and she admits she is now ready for it without any trepidation. “There is such a strong focus on quality wine production here which is great, and we have such a long standing dedicated team that have been here forever and are part of the family. We are estate grown, so we know our vineyards and know what they are doing. Although it will probably be my full-time job keeping the mad scientist – John - under control. But really it’s fun and I am excited about it. There is such an ability to have a go at anything and I like that.” Minutes before we began talking, 10 oak Fuders from Germany had arrived – which is something Beth can’t wait to be let loose on. “We will start pretty much curing them

for the next five or six years. I want to start using them for the aromatics, Chenin, Riesling and even a bit of Pinot Gris. Not for oak character but for maturation and development. In the next few years we will use them for some Chardonnay and a little bit of Sauvignon. “It’s fun to have so much happening. And to be allowed as well. Dad hasn’t stepped back, but he allows me to be involved in every part and have a say. “I enjoy and respect what we have here, I don’t want to change that. I want to continue that quality focus and experimentation and little bit of mad scientist attitude that makes Forrest what it is.

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27 Years On Tessa Nicholson

There can’t be too many people in the Marlborough wine industry that can say they have worked for the same company for 27 years, but Geoff Woolcombe can. Jackson Estate’s viticulturist was employed back in 1988 to help plant what is known as the Homestead Block, helping out viticulturist Richard Bowling. Now as the company celebrates 25 years of being in the market place, Geoff is still there, having seen it grow from a tiny, fledgling company to become one of the region’s renowned mid sized wineries with a reputation for quality wines. Admittedly, he didn’t begin his life with the company as a viticulturist – he grew into that position. “At the time I was working for Richard helping to develop the Vavasour winery. While we were doing that we were also developing the Homestead vineyard for what was to become Jackson Estate,” he says. “I started off doing the ground work, putting all the trellis in, and running wires. I knew about that because I had a farming background. Then the job grew to the point that I was making viticultural decisions and learning as I went.” The block, which was 36 hectares, was initially planted in Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, Pinot Noir and Riesling with the vines all on their own rootstock. It was a mistake nearly everyone made at that time, and Jackson Estate like so many other vineyards in the region was inevitably hit with phylloxera in the early 90s. So after getting a few years of

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small crops, Geoff had to turn around and begin replanting with grafted vines. “We had just got to the point of cropping and we had to start ripping it out and replacing with resistant rootstock. That was a huge financial strain at the time, given you could buy a cutting for around 40 cents and the grafted vines were probably between $2 and $3. So we bought some rootstock and planted those out and then we started growing our own rootstock, which we then on-sold to the nurseries. That gave us a continuity of supply for our continual replanting programme,” he says. Given the dearth of information available to those early pioneers, Geoff says they travelled to the Te Kauwhata Research Centre to find out just which trellising system would be best. “Richard Smart was there at the time and he convinced us that the Scott Henry trellising system was the best, so that was what we used for all our Sauvignon Blanc.” It ended up being an extremely labour intensive system, Geoff says. “Especially when you realise that there wasn’t the labour force there is now or the machinery available.” In the early 2000s the company moved from Scott Henry to VSP trellising. With the advent of new mechanical leaf plucking machines, Geoff says it was easier to achieve

nice open canopies, without huge labour inputs. While the Homestead block was the first for Jackson Estate, it wasn’t long before contract growers were brought into the company. These days, the company uses its own vineyards, including one in the Waihopai Valley. A long-term lease with Patrick Rattray on a neighbouring block also forms part of the business. Geoff oversees all the properties with two permanent vineyard staff and contract labour. In 27 years he has seen good vintages, bad vintages, unbelievable vintages and some best to forget. But it is two that stand out in his mind. The 2012 vintage, which he describes as being the “best vintage of my career across all varieties.” And the 1995 vintage – “without a doubt the worst.” “In 1995 we made a sparkling base and after a fantastic summer, we had just harvested that base. We were looking to harvest some Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc but at the point we wanted to start, the rain came. It rained at some stage every single day for two weeks. There was a massive crop out there, but there wasn’t the infrastructure to cope with it. It was terrible.” As for his favourite wine of the past 27 years – that’s an easy one. “The 91 Botrytis Riesling from our fist vintage. Amazing!”

The Jackson Estate leadership team. From left; Geoff Woolcombe, Jeff Hart, John Benton and Matt Patterson-Green.


Babich Continues To Grow Tessa Nicholson

In 2013 when Babich began building its new Marlborough winery, it was planned to cater for 3000 tonnes of fruit.Two years later it has expanded to a 6000 tonne facility. The state of the art winery at the Cloudy Bay Business Park was the very first custom built winery the company has had in its 99-year history. It was also the largest investment the company had ever made. And while the resource consent was for a 6000 tonne facility, Joe Babich said they had planned initially only to take it up to 3000 tonnes. That figure was expanded in light of last year’s large yields in Marlborough, with the winery increasing capacity to over 4000 tonnes, during the vintage. Now 12 months later, another one million litres of tank space has been added and two new presses installed, as the company copes with increased demand for its wines. Regional winemaker Jens Merkle says after putting through 4820 tonnes of fruit last year, there was very little room to move in the winery – meaning further expansion was required. With the purchasing of new vineyards and an increase in contract grower numbers, the winery had to grow in terms of tank capacity to cater for extra fruit. So much sooner than expected, the winery has reached its full resource consent maximum, of 6000 tonnes. But it is not just expansion that Babich has been preparing for as vintage gets underway. They are also preparing for some intensive trials, with the help of

a postgraduate student from Auckland University. Jens says one of the two new presses which arrived earlier this year, is an inert gas press – believed to be the only one of its kind in New Zealand. “It means we can now process grapes without having any influence of oxygen during the press process,” he says. “Which is quite essential I believe for Sauvignon Blanc. This variety has so many delicate flavours that can be destroyed by oxygen. The benefit of growing Sauvignon Blanc in Marlborough, is that we have lots of flavours like thiols, so we don’t necessarily have to worry too much about that. But we want to see if we can do even more with this press.” The way the Diemme press works is, prior to the fruit being loaded it is filled with nitrogen. Then once the fruit is loaded, it is in a completely oxygen free environment, with more nitrogen being added throughout the cycle, “The theory behind that, is to see if we can increase our thiol precursor levels – the passionfruit, gooseberry, black current flavours that make our Sauvignon Blanc so unique.” The post graduate student will be working with the winemaking team, and will be able to analyse the levels of thiols and precursers to see what difference the inert press makes.

Jens Merkle

Jens is expecting there will be some major differences, given the information he has received from an Italian winemaker who did trials in his home country, using an inert gas press. “He managed to increase the thiol levels on Italian Sauvignon Blanc by four times – just by using this inert gas press.” The plan prior to vintage was to trial 300 tonnes of fruit this year, all going well. “That’s about 10 press loads. But that is very dependent on how vintage works out. If we need to get fruit in in a hurry we may have to drop that amount.” The new winery, even with its expansion has been designed to be able to deal with the company’s fruit in 10 days if it has to. Jens says the facility is highly efficient, although retaining the quality of the fruit is paramount. “With the new presses, we will also be able to do some interesting things, such as skin contact with different varieties. We would like to be able to hold some of the Sauvignon and Pinot Gris a bit longer on skins to extract more aromatics. But with only four presses last year and with what happened at vintage last year, that wasn’t achievable. The expansion means this year, we won’t have to worry about a lack of space or time.”

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NMIT Harvests New Varieties New grape varieties planted on Nelson Marlborough Institute of Technology (NMIT)’s Marlborough campus vineyard are looking promising, with some ready for their first vintage this year. In 2012, NMIT viticulture and wine staff and students began replacing rows of Pinot Noir on the half hectare on-campus vineyard with several new and classic varieties. The new plants were all donated by Riversun Nursery in Gisborne. Further plantings were completed in 2013 and 2014 and the vineyard now has three rows of state of the art steel trellising posts donated from Eco Trellis Systems. NMIT Viticulture Tutor Glenn Kirkwood says the new varieties have all grown “incredibly well” on the fertile soil, however it remains to be seen how the fruit pans out. “We’ve been surprised by the amount of vigour and growth. However it’s too early to say how this will relate to the fruit composition.” The first grapes were harvested this year by students studying NMIT’s viticulture and winemaking programmes and Glenn says they expect around 4kgs per vine of fruit. All of the students were allocated a row, and they will each be making a micro-vin ferment under

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the watchful eye of Wine Tutor David Hayward. The first wines from the new varieties should be ready for tasting around September/October this year. The new plantings over the past three years have mainly been focussed on trialling different cool climate reds. “The one thing that’s probably missing from New Zealand wines is a cool

(a new clone called 809),Verdelho (Spanish white variety from the Isle of Madeira) and Muscat á Petits Grains. A row of Syrah/Shiraz from the Rutherglen region of Victoria that was planted in 2012 was later replaced with a St Laurent after proving too vigorous. The other red that is being trialled is a Northern Italian variety called Lagrein, planted in 2014. Glenn says he is “reasonably confident” that they will come out with at least a couple of varieties worthy of further investigation from the new plantings, but it’s early days yet. “What we’ve learnt so far is to be very wise with our Lagrein – one selections – it’s very important of the new red to select varieties to match soil varieties being type. The soil we have here trialled by is very vigorous - a silty loam NMIT. which doesn’t really reflect a climate red. Apart from Pinot Noir, lot of Marlborough, which tends toward there’s really nothing else,” Glenn says. more sandy and free draining gravels. The five new varieties that will be The exciting part will come once we harvested this year are: Tempranillo can get multiple rows which will enable (Spanish red variety famous for making us to do some serious research with a Rioja), Grüner Veltliner (an Austrian good amount of fruit.” aromatic white variety), Chardonnay


Hanmer Springs Pinot Conference Annabelle Latz – google.com/+Annabellelatz

In the last issue of Winepress we discussed what happened at the Pinot Noir conference held at Hanmer at the end of January.This month a number of those attending give their views of why such conferences are important. Blair Walter, winemaker at Felton Road in Central Otago, first attended in 1994, and has been numerous times since.

He said the workshop has contributed significantly to the rise in quality of New Zealand Pinot and with more than 20 years attendance, has witnessed the dramatic increase in the understanding and application of how best to grow and make Pinot in New Zealand. “Without the generous and selfless sharing of information amongst winemakers and growers, there is no doubt we would not be this far along our journey. Winemakers are now becoming increasingly more comfortable with their sites and listening to the voice of the vineyard. “The best wines are articulating the site with more honesty and greater clarity, rather than imposing the winemaker’s mark on the wines.” He said wines are telling their own interesting story by expressing land, region and house style.

“To me this is a better definition of better wine. I believe the best wines are less made. From the outside it must seem like reverse psychology, but that is what we love about the great wines of the world: they are less made and more about the place.” The workshop provides confidence for winemakers who wish to follow this route. Blair’s advice to people considering the workshop for next year is having an open mind, and to seek as much feedback from the very smart viticulturists and winemakers in the room. “Go with an open mind and take an individual wine that is challenging you and get honest feedback on it.” Cleighten Cornelius, winemaker for Accolade, Marlborough, has attended the workshop five times since 2006. He has noticed a substantial change to the way Pinot Noir has been grown and made since 2006, in particular with understanding a vineyard’s capabilities. For example, using whole bunch in ferments, or practicing delicate cap management for lighter blocks or clones. Cleighten said experimentation is very important to find a vineyard’s “sweet spot,” and to learn what winemaking methods can be used where. “Whole bunch is becoming popular,

and is a great tool to add complexity and robustness to a wine, but does not always suit your vineyard or target market.” He is a firm believer New Zealand Pinot is getting better, and attributes much of its success to this workshop. “People are aware of what they want to achieve and have a better understanding of how to get to their desired end point, starting from pruning and finishing at bottling.” He said the wealth of knowledge from the ‘old timers’ is a great way to learn, from their perspective and experiences, whether it be over a quiet word, or voicing it during the room discussion.

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Nick Entwistle, winemaker, Wairau River Wines, Marlborough, has attended the workshop six times. Nick has observed a movement in New Zealand towards depth of aromatic and flavour complexity, whether it be through the use of whole bunches, spontaneous fermentation or increased time on skins. “It’s focussing on dialling in the textural elements that makes Pinot Noir a difficult wine to make.” He has seen a bigger focus on finding the best sites for quality production, balanced cropping levels, fine-tuned irrigation and canopy management strategies. He specifically made mention to the 2014 Waipara vintage, which he described as amazing, considering the challenging season they experienced. “It speaks volumes of the quality of winemaking talent that New Zealand has, that winemakers can make such well-balanced wines from such challenging fruit.” “Very rarely are wines brought to the conference these days with obvious winemaking faults. The winemaking and viticulture challenges still exist, but the ability to tap into the collective knowledge and experience of the industry has resulted in fewer wrong decisions being made.” For Nick, as a newcomer, the conference offers a great format to bounce ideas off more experienced winemakers, and get brutally honest opinions about the wines in a blind tasting format. “As a Pinot Noir winemaker it is the best technical industry event of the year, and a non-negotiable must attend on my calendar.” Paul Mason, winemaker, Martinborough Vineyard, Wairarapa, has been to the workshop three times. Paul believes that winemakers are generally comfortable in what they are doing, but always willing to try new things out, with a constant quest to

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Paul Mason

always do better. “The overall standard is now very high and therefore I don’t think there is such a dramatic evolution, just a slow gradual tweaking that works.” Learning from others at the workshop about harder times in the industry was significant for Paul. “It was great to hear from some winemakers who had to deal with botrytis fruit this year and find out what worked, (and didn’t work) for them. Sometimes you learn more from the challenging vintages. “I think that strength in numbers is a really positive place for us to be. The Marlborough producers stood out for me as doing some great stuff, and are making some really good wines. “The level of knowledge in the room is insane and it’s up to the attendees on how much they want to immerse themselves in it.” “You will always come away fizzing with a headful of ideas and plans for the next vintage,” said Paul. Jen Parr, winemaker, Valli Vineyards, Central Otago, has attended the workshop four times. Jen says less emphasis on correcting winemaking faults these days, and more emphasis on transparent vineyard and winemaking practices has been a

positive way forward for New Zealand Pinot Noir. She has seen a trend towards earlier pickings in terms of alcohol control and the freshness and vitality of the fruit, the increasing use of whole cluster aiding structure and fragrance, less use of high impact oak, and less use of extractive practices in fermentation, such as less enzyme, less cold soak and less cap management. “Above all I think there is a greater understanding of vineyards, which instantly leads to greater knowledge about winemaking.” Jen emphasised in her feedback the fact that New Zealand is seeing better Pinot Noir, because the industry is getting better at growing the fruit. “This is more important. We all know that winemaking is relatively easy when the fruit is heathy and balanced.” She said winemakers and growers are never too experienced to attend a forum like this workshop, and learning from their peers. “Our commitment to producing great Pinot Noir strengthens with each vintage and our willingness to commit time and money to this workshop shows our collective desire to continue to evolve.”


Cycling The Golden Mile Several Marlborough vineyards have joined forces to promote the area as a cycle friendly destination ‘Ride Marlborough’s Golden Mile’ connects 10 cellar doors within 6km in the Rapaura/Renwick area. The destinations are: Hans Herzog; Vines Village (Eradus Wines, Fudge Factory); No1 Family Estate; Giesen Wines; Wairau River Wines; Forrest Wines; Framingham Wines; Gibson Bridge; and Seresin Estate. The concept was conceived by cycling enthusiast Jeff Fulton from The Vines

Village, a bike-friendly destination set among surrounding Marlborough cellar doors and surrounded by straight flat roads. “We are working as a collective of neighbouring cellar doors, accommodation and bike hire businesses to actively promote the Rapaura/Renwick area as a cycle friendly destination. We are all open 12 months of the year and currently the seasonality of Marlborough makes winter a quieter time. As Marlborough is consistently one of the top recipient’s

of maximum annual sunshine hours we see winter cycling as an opportunity for visitors to enjoy the province,” Fulton said. “Cycling is an exciting, accessible and growing activity for the many visitors to Marlborough and the distance between these cellar doors is relatively short, making it accessible for many people.” Bikes can be hired from businesses on site at The Vines Village and range from BMX’s to euro-cruisers.

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NZW Export News January 2015 Key Points Total Export Volume & Value • MAT January 2015 total value of exports is $1.373 billion, up 9% on the previous year. • MAT January 2015 exports are 196.5 m. litres, up 10% on the previous year; packaged exports are +3% for the period and other exports are up 27%. • Average value MAT January 2015 is $6.91 per litre down 3% on the previous year; packaged export value is $8.22 per litre down 2% on the previous year. NB: WECS, which is the source for volume data in this Report, moved to a different software system in October 2014. This has affected the data in this Report. Going forward the new software will deliver better alignment with the Statistics NZ value data as WECS data will now record the date of shipment from NZ, not the date of certification. Short term and unavoidably this means, in comparison to previous data,YTD and MAT January exports are understated by 3.6 m. litres, all of which is packaged product. In the Report reference to ‘adjusted WECS data’ means the data includes this 3.6 m. litres Total Export Volume & Value • MAT January 2015 total of value of exports is $1.373 billion, up 9% on last year • YTD January 2015 total value of exports is $850.4 million, up 6% on the previous year • Total value of January 2015 exports was $96.6 m. up 29% on January 2014. • MAT January 2015 exports are 196.5 m. litres, up 10% (17.2m. litres) on the previous year. Based on adjusted WECS data, exports are 200.1m litres up 12% (20.8m. litres). • YTD January 2015 exports are 125.2 m. litres, up 7% (8.7m. litres) on the previous year. Based on adjusted WECS data, exports are 128.8 m litres up 11% (12.3m. litres). • January 2015 exports were 14.6m litres up 10% (1.3m litres) on January 2014.

Export Value per Litre All wines January 2015 average value was $6.27 per litre, down $0.87 per litre on January 2014. • YTD January 2015 average value is $6.69 per litre. • MAT January 2015 average price is $6.91 per litre, down 3% or $0.22 per litre on MAT January 2014. Packaged wines • Excluding unpackaged wine from the data, the January 2015 average value was $8.23 per litre, up $0.10 per litre on January 2014. • YTD January 2015 the average price is $8.17 per litre. • MAT January 2015 the average price is $8.22 per litre, down $0.13 per litre (2%) on MAT January 2014. • MAT January 2015 prices are up 6% to the UK, but are down 3% to USA, 4% to Australia, and 6% to Canada. Export Volume by Country of Destination • In January, for the major markets, exports were up 38% to Australia & 21% to the UK but were down 12% to USA. Canada was up 33% for the month, while performance of other markets was mixed, with the best performer being Ireland. • YTD January 2015 growth is led by the UK +15% with USA +12% & Australia +1%. Shipments to Canada are +14% on last year. Netherlands & Denmark are the other best performers. • MAT January 2015 growth is led by the UK +19% and the USA +13%, with Australia is +1%. Canada shipments are +15% for the year. Performance of other tracked markets is mixed with Denmark the strongest performer +28%. Export Volume by Packaging Type • Exports of packaged wines MAT January 2015 are 130.5 m. litres up 2.6% (3.3 m. litres) on the previous year and are 66.4% of total export volume. Based on adjusted WECS data, exports are 134.1 m. litres up 5% (6.9 m. litres).

• MAT January 2015 packaged exports are led by the USA and Canada both +14%. • Exports of packaged wines YTD January 2015 are 77.2 m. litres, down 3% on the previous year. Based on adjusted WECS data, exports are 80.8 m litres up 1%. • January 2015 packaged exports were 7.8 m. litres, down 11% on January 2014. • Other (non-packaged) wine shipments MAT January 2015 are 66.0 m. litres up 27% (33.6% of export volume). Non- packaged shipments growth is led by the UK (+44%). • Non-packaged exports YTD January 2015 are 48.1 m. litres up 30% (11.2 m. litres) on the previous year. • January 2015 non-packaged shipments were 6.8 m. litres, up 49% on January 2014. Exports by Variety/Style • In January 2015 Sauvignon Blanc exports were 13.0m. litres, up 13% from the previous year, accounting for 89.3% of export volume. Of the Sauvignon Blanc exported in January, 12.7 m litres was from Vintage 2014. • Performance of other styles was generally positive in January with Riesling, Sparkling & Merlot the best performers. • YTD January 2015 Sauvignon Blanc exports are 110.0 m. litres up 9% on the previous year. Performance of other styles is mixed with Pinot Gris the strongest performer. • MAT January 2015, Sauvignon Blanc shipments are 169.4 m. litres up 10% from the previous year. Performance of other styles is mixed with Pinot Gris +28% the strongest performer. • Production of Sauvignon Blanc in 2014 is estimated to have been 231.1 m. litres, 36% up on the previous year. Shipments of vintage 2014 Sauvignon Blanc since release are 108.0m. litres or 46.7% of estimated production – this is a lower share than at the same time after vintages 2010 - 2014.

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WINEPRESS April 2015

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Wine Happenings A monthly list of events within the New Zealand wine industry. To have your event included in next month’s calendar please email details to tessa.nicholson@me.com

APRIL 24

#Sauv Blanc day – International celebtation of Sauvignon Blanc, follow all the action on Twitter.

MAY 12

Pruning Workshop Details to come

20

Leadership Responsibilities in Health and Safety Workshop – MRC Lecture Theatre – 9 – 10.30. RSVP to emily@wine-marlborough.co.nz

28

New Zealand Wine Fair Hong Kong

27

Cellar Door Season Debrief - MRC Lecture Centre - 2.00pm

JULY 3

Inagural 2015 New Zealand Young Winemaker Competition - details winemarlborough.nz/events

8-10

Organic/Biodynamic Wine and Viticulture Conference – Blenheim Convention Centre – Register at; www. organicwineconference.com

24

Marlborough Bayer Young Viticulturist of the Year Competition. Details – Samantha@wine-marlborough.co.nz

30 – Aug 2

The Food Show Auckland – ASB Showgrounds

AUGUST 26-28

National Bayer Young Viticulturist of the Year - Hastings

FOR THE LOVE OF WINE, COME TOGETHER AT HERZOG’S! Host your guests in our Gourmet Restaurant or Casual Dining Bistro Call to enquire about opportunities to showcase your very own Marlborough wines. For all the wine aficionados; come and indulge in one of New Zealand’s largest International wine lists!

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News From Home and Away Accolades Royal Easter Show Trophy Winners Gewürztraminer – Spy Valley 2013 Riesling – Saint Clair Pioneer Block 9 Big John Riesling 2013 Sauvignon Blanc – Mt Olympus W5 2014 Pinot Noir – Villa Maria Single Vineyard Seddon 2012 Sweet Wine – Brancott Estate Letter Series B Late Harvest Sauvignon Blanc 2013 Wine of The Show – Matua Single Vineyard Matheson Syrah 2013 – Hawke’s Bay The World’s Most Acclaimed Wine Brands Villa Maria was the only New Zealand wine company to make it into Drinks International’s Top 10 Most Admired Wine Brands for 2015. They took out the fourth spot, which is a massive achievement for the New Zealand owned company. They sit alongside the likes of Spanish company Torres (number 1 for the second year in a row),Vega Sicilia and Penfolds, but beat renowned names such as Chateau D’Yquem and Chateau Margaux (placed 5th and 8th respectively.) The only other New Zealand companies to make the top 50 were, Cloudy Bay at 14th, (last year they were 8th) Oyster Bay – 26th and Brancott Estate- 27th. In terms of finding the most admired brands, Drinks International brings together more than 200 MWs, sommeliers, educators, journalists and winemakers. “Once again academy members had three choices and were provided with a list of previous winners and other wellknown brands.

Should their admired brands fail to appear in the list, the members put forward their own for inclusion.” NZW Grape Day Grape Day 2015 Put the following date into your diary, as the 2015 Grape Days are on their way. Designed to provide high-level summaries of research with a practical applied focus for industry members, the one-day event will be held in Marlborough on Wednesday 10 June at the Marlborough Convention Centre. The 2015 programme covers: Management for trunk diseases and leafroll virus A ‘back by popular demand’ review of best practice for powdery mildew Vintage 2015 update by Philip Gregan New research on vineyard ecology Herbicide resistance and weed management Update on Sustainability/SWNZ Blending Pinot Takes On New Meaning A story from the ABC recently highlighted how a giant stick blender that chops wine grape skins into a pulp could be the next big thing in red wine making. Dr Angela Sparrow, from the University of Tasmania, says her trial is showing by leaving the red grape skins in contact with the wine, it can improve flavour, colour and even reduce labour in the process. Dr Sparrow said one of the key things winemakers wanted to maintain was the aroma and flavour and the best way to do this was to keep the fruit intact, but once it was crushed ‘many of the good bits you want to keep’ were lost, including colour. But she said with her mechanism, because more skin tannin came out as well as the colour, it would be more stable down the track. “You have to punch down the fermenting pumice each day in order

to keep the skins submerged under the liquid,” she said. But, with her device, the skins do not float as much, because they are chopped finer, but flavour and skin tannins are also released faster. Dr Sparrow has been working on the project for five years and an inline prototype of the blender is now being trialled in commercial wineries.

Dr Angela Sparrow and Trentham Estate winemaker Anthony Murphy with the inline wine blender. Photo Trentham Estate Health and Safety Workshop The new act which is likely to come into effect later this year, will change health and safety regulations in every workplace. This is something every employer needs to know about, so this is a must attend workshop. (However places are limited, so make sure you RSVP to Emily@wine-marlborough. co.nz). This informative seminar is designed to provide clarity on Director, CEO, General Manager, Managing Director or Company Owner Health and Safety obligations. It is being held on May 20, between 9 and 10.30 at the Marlborough Research Centre Theatre.

Disclaimer: The views and articles that are expressed and appear in Winepress are those entirely those of contributors and in no way reflect the policy of the Marlborough Winegrowers. Any advice given, implied or suggested should be considered on its merits, and no responsibility can be taken for problems arising from the use of such information.

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In the earlier part of the season, there tends to be low transpiration and cool soil temperatures, therefore limiting the In the earlier part of the season, tends to be low transpiration andtocool uptake of Nitrogen applied early spring.there Nitrogen required to sustain vine growth aboutsoil the temperatures, 4-5 leaf stage istherefor uptake ofprovided Nitrogenlargely applied early spring. Nitrogen required to previous sustain vine growth to about the 4-5 leaf thought to be from reserves stored in the vine from the season Immediately thelargely vines major is to buildin itsthe carbohydrate within the plant thought topost be harvest, provided fromconcern reserves stored vine fromreserves the previous season structure for the following spring Immediately post harvest, the vines major concern is to build its carbohydrate reserves within the plan Nitrogen is a key structure for macro-nutrient the following important spring for such functions as: Plant growth, carbohydrate production, photosynthesis and chlorophyll production, promotion strong fruit buds, goodgrowth, flavour carbohydrate and aroma Nitrogen is a key macro-nutrient important forofsuch functions as:and Plant productio compounds in the wine.

photosynthesis and chlorophyll production, promotion of strong fruit buds, and good flavour and arom in the wine. Workcompounds in Marlborough would suggest that a 10 Tonne/ha crop of Sauvignon Blanc removes approx 7kgs

elemental Nitrogen (fruit only). Therefore applying approx 15 L-20L/ha UreaN 425 is replacing this N removal Work in Marlborough would a 10 crop Sauvignon Blancthe removes Aim to apply as soon as possible postsuggest harvest that during theTonne/ha active period of of new root flush (when plant is approx very 7kgs demanding of carbohydrates) theTherefore vine shuts applying down for the season. elemental Nitrogen (fruitbefore only). approx 15 L-20L/ha UreaN 425 is replacing this N r This period of new root development is very critical, as it is predominantly the newofroots will be(when the plant Aim to apply as soon as possible post harvest during the active period newwhich root flush instrumental in allowing optimum uptake of the water andshuts key nutrients next spring demanding of carbohydrates) before vine down for the season.

This period of new root development is very critical, as it is predominantly the new roots which will be Product features andoptimum Benefits: instrumental in allowing uptake of water and key nutrients next spring • High analysis formulated liquid Nitrogen • Provides rapid uptake by the plant and Benefits: •Product Excellentfeatures plant absorption via roots/leaves • High analysis formulated • Enhances new root development liquid Nitrogen • Provides uptake by the plant • Good tank mix rapid compatibility • Easy to mix & use • Excellent plant absorption via roots/leaves • Cost effective new root development • Enhances

• Good tank mix compatibility • Easy torates mix &and use timings Application • Cost effective

Grape vines: 10 – 20 L/ha as soon as possible after harvest via Fertigation or Application Foliar applied rates and timings

PACK 200L, Packs Grape vines: 10 – 20 L/haSIZE: as soon as 1000L possible after harvest via Fertiga Available from: Fruitfed Supplies, Blenheim or Foliar applied

PACK SIZE: 200L, 1000L Packs


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