Issue No. 246 / April 2015
River Stats
Stressed Vines
Environment Awards
Export News
Photo: Jim Tannock
@marlboroughwine
The Official Magazine of
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Horticulture
In this issue... Regulars
Features
3
7
Editorial
4 Report Tasman Crop Met 16
Generation Y-ine Beth Forrest
25
NZW Export News
26
Top Tweets
27
Wine Happenings
27
News From Home and Away
Editor: Tessa Nicholson 16 Bank Street Blenheim 7201 T: 021 709 571 E: tessa.nicholson@me.com Printed by: Blenheim Print Ltd. T: 03 578 1322 WINEPRESS is printed with vegetable oil based inks on elemental chlorine free paper which is sourced 100% from well managed forests and manufactured under ISO 14001 Environmental Management Systems.
Dealing With Stressed Vines There is no doubt that some vines around the region have been water stressed after the long, dry summer. Glen Creasy looks at how you can mitigate the damage before next season.
p12
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Drought Impacts on Rivers There were a lot of water consents withdrawn over the summer. We look at how many and ask Val Wadsworth from the MDC what the chances are of expanding the SVIS.
15 Reverse Trends
A few years back it was New Zealanders racing across the Tasman looking for opportunities. But one Australian journalist has discovered the situation has reversed, and the wine industry is a part of that trend.
p18
19 Babich Continues To Grow
It was only a year ago that Babich Wines opened their new winery in Marlborough. But already they have expanded to cope with extra demand. Part of the expansion includes an inert gas press, believed to be the only one of its kind in New Zealand.
p28
WINEPRESS March April
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RIVERSUN WHATATUTU NURSERY GISBORNE
STUNNING! There is only one word to describe it – Gisborne has put on another stunning growing season, which allows us to have good volumes of vines available for delivery this year. With the perfect mix of plantmanship, science and this stunning location our babies just can’t help but thrive.
VISIT OUR WEBSITE OR FREE CALL NOW
0800 113 747 www.riversun.co.nz
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WINEPRESS April 2015
VINES AVAILABLE FOR SPRING 2015
Ph: 03 577 9299 Web: www.wine-marlborough.co.nz marcus@wine-marlborough.co.nz For Advertising contact: Emily Hope Ph: 03 577 9299 emily@wine-marlborough.co.nz Produced by: Wine Marlborough Free to all levy paying members Associate Members: $77 +GST Wine Marlborough Board Clive Jones: cjones@nautilusestate.com Ruud Maasdam: ruud@staetelandt.co.nz Guy Lissaman: glissaman@xtra.co.nz Laurin Gane: laurin.gane@xtra.co.nz Simon Clark: simon@clarkestate.com Simon Bishell: simonbishell@outlook.com Stuart Dudley: stuartd@villamaria.co.nz Samantha Wickham: samantha@ormondnurseries.co.nz Jason Yank: jason@astrolabewines.com Rhyan Wardman: rhyan@giesen.co.nz Jack Glover: jack.glover@accolade-wines.co.nz
From the Editor It was nice to see the wine industry being acknowledged as helping increase the region’s gross domestic profit in the year ending March 2014. The latest figures from Statistics New Zealand showed that Marlborough’s GDP had increased by $213 million in that period, to $2.282 billion. It was the third largest increase of any region in New Zealand. The fact that the wine industry gained credit for that increase was a nice change. Especially after some of the negativity that has been reported locally over the past few months. The story that claimed wineries were using millions of litres of water a day while residents were being urged to conserve, was a classic case in point. A headline of Grapes Drink, People Go Dry was one of the most ridiculous I have seen in recent years. The reaction to the story was short and swift, and thankfully a little more circumspect. While no one can afford to be smug or arrogant when it comes to supporting the wine industry, it is much appreciated when the benefits it brings to everyone in the region, are acknowledged. Helping Our Helpers Hats off to Wine Marlborough, RSE Accredited Contractors, industry members and the public for jumping in so quickly to help those suffering from Cyclone Pam in Vanuatu. Within a matter of days after the cyclone wreaked havoc on the small archipelago, the Marlborough wine industry had mobilised itself to raise funds to help in the rebuild. For many years now, Marlborough has benefitted from the many workers who have come from Vanuatu to help prune, develop, and pick in our vineyards. Employing the workers from Vanuatu has allowed them to send money back to their families, to assist in education, housing and infrastructure. But much of that development has been destroyed by the cyclone. The locals are now having to start from scratch to rebuild, and the lack of money and resources is going to be the biggest hurdle to overcome. Given how important the Vanuatuans are to our industry, it is heart warming to see how many people have been prepared to help out. Building materials are being collected and will be sent straight to Vanuatu. Money raised will help purchase the products much needed by the population, enabling them to move forward. If you haven’t already given, please consider doing so.You can donate to the account established by Wine Marlborough; Marlborough Winegrowers Association: Bank Account number 06-0601-0182903-03. Please include the words Help Heal Vanuatu. In last month’s editorial on Air NZ’s new wine procurement arrangements I wrote that Villa Maria had no Central Otago Pinot Noit in their stable. That was incorrect. Thornbury Pinot Noir is made from Central Otago fruit. My apologies.
TESSA NICHOLSON tessa.nicholson@me.com WINEPRESS April 2015
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Table 1: Blenheim Weather Data – March 2015 March March 2015 March Period March 2015 compared to LTA of LTA 2014 LTA GDD’s for: Month - Max/Min¹ 209.3 107% 194.8 (1996-2014) 165.9 Month – Mean² 205.8 107% 191.8 (1996-2014) 167.7 Growing Degree Days Total Jul 14 - Mar 15 – Max/Min 1238.6 103% 1205.9 (1996-2014) 1286.2 Jul 14 - Mar 15 – Mean 1282.8 104% 1234.7 (1996-2014) 1307.2 Mean Maximum (°C) 22.3 +0.8°C 21.5 (1986-2014) 21.0 Mean Minimum (°C) 11.2 +0.8°C 10.4 (1986-2014) 9.9 Mean Temp (°C) 16.8 +0.8°C 16.0 (1986-2014) 15.4 Grass Frosts (<= -1.0°C) 0 - 0.21 (1986-2014) 1 Air Frosts (0.0°C) 0 Equal 0.0 (1986-2014) 0 Sunshine hours 244.7 106% 230.5 (1986-2014) 232.8 Sunshine hours – lowest 146.7 1980 Sunshine hours – highest 281.0 1969 Sunshine hours total – 2015 806.1 113% 715.6 (1986-2014) 735.4 Rainfall (mm) 37.4 96% 39.0 (1986-2014) 26.6 Rainfall (mm) – lowest 2.8 1969 Rainfall (mm) – highest 118.0 1979 Rainfall total (mm) – 2015 57.0 43% 130.9 (1986-2014) 123.8 Evapotranspiration – mm 98.5 98.5% 100.1 (1996-2014) 93.6 Avg. Daily Windrun (km) 203.1 80% 253.9 (1996-2014) 201.1 Mean soil temp – 10cm 16.5 +1.0°C 15.5 (1986-2014) 14.8 Mean soil temp – 30cm 19.7 +1.6°C 18.1 (1986-2014) 18.5 ¹GDD’s Max/Min are calculated from absolute daily maximum and minimum temperatures ²GDD’s Mean are calculated from average hourly temperatures Table 2: Variable weekly temperatures in Blenheim during March 2015 1 – 7 March 8 – 14 March 15 – 21 March 22 – 28 March 29 – 31 March Average for March 2015 Long-term average 1986-2014
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WINEPRESS April 2015
Mean Maximum 26.0 22.7 19.9 20.7 21.6 22.3 +0.8°C
Mean Mean Deviation Minimum from Average 13.8 19.9 +3.9°C 12.2 17.5 +1.5°C 8.3 14.1 -1.9°C 11.0 15.9 -0.1°C 10.4 16.0 equal 11.2 +0.8°C 16.8 +0.8°C
21.5 10.4 16.0
March 2015 in Marlborough started out with two very warm weeks followed by two cooler weeks. Sunshine was above average, rainfall was close to average, wind-run was well below average. Temperature March 2015 was a month of two halves temperature wise. The first two weeks recorded well above average temperatures (Table 2). The first week of March was very hot with a mean temperature of 19.9°C. To put this week into perspective it was 1.9°C warmer than the long-term mean temperature for January of 18.0°C. The mean temperature for the second week of March of 17.5°C was close to February’s long-term mean of 17.7°C. The second half of March was much cooler than the first half, with the third week bringing a rather abrupt end to the warm summer temperatures. The mean temperature of 14.1°C was 1.9°C below the long-term average for March and 5.8°C cooler than the first week of March. There were some very cool overnight temperatures during the third week. The mean temperature for the fourth week of March of 15.9°C was very close to the long-term average. Rainfall March 2015 rainfall of 37.4 mm was 96% of the long term average (Table 1). This is the highest monthly rainfall total since June 2014 (Figure 1). The highest one day rainfall total during March was 17.6 mm, recorded on the 6th March. This was also the highest one day rainfall total since 10 June 2014. Total rain for the first three months of 2015 is 57.0 mm or only 41% of
Figure 1: Monthly and cumulative rainfall for Blenheim for the nine months July 2014 to March 2015, compared to the long-term average
the long-term average of 137.9 mm; January (4.4 mm), February (15.2 mm) and March (37.4 mm). This is the driest first three month start to a year since 2001, which recorded 19.6 mm. New Rainfall Records for Blenheim With most of the nine months since July 2014 recording low rainfall, Blenheim continues to set new rainfall records. Total rainfall for the nine months from July 2014 to March 2015 was 188.4 mm. This is the lowest total
on record for this period for the 85 years 1930-2015; 73.6 mm lower than the previous lowest total of 262.0 mm, recorded for the nine months July 1982 – March 1983. Not only are the nine months July 2014 to March 2015 the driest on record for this period, but this is also the driest ever consecutive nine month period for Blenheim, regardless of which month is used as the starting point. The previous lowest consecutive 9-month rainfall total was recorded for the period November 1972 to July 1973 with a
total of 202.0 mm. 1972-1973 was a severe drought in Marlborough. Potential Evapotranspiration and Water Deficit A reminder that the potential evapotranspiration figures as reported in Table 1 in Met Report and in many newspapers are the calculated amount of water that a pasture would require to remain actively growing. For example, 140 mm of evapotranspiration in January is 4.5 mm per day. 45 m3 of water per hectare
Figure 2: Rainfall, potential evapotranspiration and water deficit for Blenheim for the nine months July 2014 to March 2015
WINEPRESS April 2015
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per day would need to be applied to keep the pasture growing. Crop factors are used to calculate the potential evapotranspiration for other crops. The crop factor for grapes is 0.5 in the height of summer, i.e. half the quoted daily potential evapotranspiration for pasture. Figure 2 displays the monthly and cumulative rainfall and potential evapotranspiration for the nine months from July 2014 to March 2015. Also displayed is the accumulating water deficit, which is potential evapotranspiration (PET) less the rainfall. PET 876.1 mm – Rain 188.4 mm = Water Deficit 687.7 mm This calculation indicates that the potential water deficit for Blenheim for the nine months July 2014 to March 2015 was 687.7 mm. The long-term average water deficit for these nine months is 391.8 mm; 687.7 mm (2014/15) – 391.8 mm (LTA) = 295.9 mm; i.e. the potential water deficit over the past nine months was 295.9 mm greater than the longterm average.
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WINEPRESS April 2015
Sunshine March 2015 recorded 244.7 hours sunshine or 106% of the long term average. Total sunshine for the first three months of 2015 was 806.1 hours; 113% of the long-term average (1986-2014) of 715.6 hours. The January to March total is 90.5 hours ahead of the longterm average. This is one extra hour of sunshine per day for the first 90 days of 2015. Frosts Although there were some cold overnight minimum temperatures during the third week of March no frosts were recorded during the month. The coolest temperatures were recorded on the morning of 18th March 2015 with an air minimum of 4.7°C and a ground minimum of 1.7°C. In contrast the first ground frost in 2014 of -1.02°C was recorded on 26 March. Wind Run March 2015 recorded average daily wind run of 203.1 km compared to the long-term average of 253.9 km (19962014); 80% of the long-term average.
Average daily wind-run in March 2014 was almost identical at 201 km. This is the fifth year in a row that March has recorded less than average wind-run. Rob Agnew Plant & Food Research / Marlborough Research Centre
Dealing With Stressed Vines Tessa Nicholson
The summer drought, following on from a year of high yields, means many vines in Marlborough have shown signs of stress this year. Dr Glen Creasy explains how to counter that for next season. Glen who is the Senior Viticulture Lecturer at Lincoln University, is also a grape grower who has experienced signs of drought stress among his own vines. “I didn’t realise just how dry the vineyard was and it got around to flowering and I started to notice that some vines already had yellow leaves. I got water on to them pretty quickly, but by then it was a bit too late and some vines were stressed enough that they didn’t set as much fruit. He explains that that is the natural fall back position for vines, which while they will counter environmental issues as best they can – still require optimum conditions to produce quality fruit. Water-stressed vines have lower levels of carbohydrates and it is carbohydrates that provide the ability to set and ripen fruit. If stress happens prior to flowering, the vines will abort the flowers. “But if stress happens after fruit set, (as has happened this season in Marlborough), the vines are stuck with the fruit and they have to ripen it to the best of their ability.Vines that have begun defoliating with fruit still on, may start to mobilise their storage carbohydrates to try and increase the sugars in the fruit, because it can’t drop the fruit by itself. Those vines
will be stressed next season with low carbohydrates, as a result of not having enough leaves and/or available water (to undergo photosynthesis) while still trying to ripen the fruit.” The best remedy for a stressed vine is to remove the fruit, don’t let it hang around trying to ripen. “If there is a crop on it, the vine is stuck. It is programmed to ripen that fruit as much as possible, to the detriment of the longevity of the vine. If you drop the crop, it no longer has to make photosynthates to go into the fruit. Instead everything it makes goes straight back to the vine.” It may be too late in the season for growers to take that option, but Glen says the other remedy is to get as much water onto the vine as possible while there are still some leaves. “You need to keep the water up as much as possible after harvest – as long as the leaves are on, the vine should be able to photosynthesise. If they have water, they keep the stomata open and make carbohydrates to go back into the vine to fill up the reservoirs for next season.” How you prune the vine this year will also have an impact on stressed vines, he says. “If it is really stressed I would probably be conservative with the pruning.You
need to recognise that the capacity of that vine is a little bit less, it doesn’t have much stored energy. So it might not be able to grow as many shoots next year.” Pruning a little bit harder, to ensure fewer shoots, is a far better way of helping the vine, than sticking with a standard pruning regime that leaves a lot of buds. This will automatically limit the amount of crop next season, but will allow the vine to recover carbohydrate levels. “You want to make sure it has a little bit more leaf on it relative to crop, so it can build up reserves.” He says it all comes back to crop loads. If the vine has a large crop, it spends all its energy trying to ripen the fruit, whereas if the crop is lighter, the vine has the capacity to build up its reserves. Ignoring the level of vine stress can cause long-term issues. Glen says the vines will get smaller and smaller, and will have weaker growth. “Eventually you would get a vine that pushes only a few shoots out that may only reach 30 cm. “Commercially we are trying to push the vine to the edge, but if it gets stressed, we need to come back from the edge and give the vine a little more leeway to use the carbohydrates and energy for something else.”
WINEPRESS April 2015
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An example of how a water stressed vine looks.
He says it doesn’t take long for vines to recover, so long as the conditions are right. If next season is a good one, without water pressures and the fruit set
is not too high, a stressed vine should come right without any intervention. However if it goes into the next growing season water stressed, or is
allowed to crop too high – the danger is that crop will have to be dropped to allow the vine to recover, at a high cost to the grower.
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Drought Impacts on Rivers Tessa Nicholson
Last month Winepress looked at the issue of water storage and how this summer has shown the need for it.This month we look at how bad the situation became at a river level. A drough over summer s no unexpec ed n p aces such as Mar borough However he 2014/15 drough was exacerba ed by he ac he season began dry a er a ong per od o be ow average ra n a R vers and aqu ers had no had he oppor un y o rebu d over w n er w h he as subs an a ra n be ng back n June 2014
The wors h area was he Sou hern Va eys C ose o 450 nd v dua s n h s area are par o he Sou hern Va ey s Irr ga on Scheme w h he Mar borough D s r c Counc ho d ng he B C ass consen o draw wa er rom he Wa rau R ver Th s scheme covers around 4500 hec ares and s us one o 115 C ass B consen s draw ng
wa er rom he Wa rau accord ng o Va Wadswor h – MDC s Env ronmen a Sc en s – Hydro ogy He sa d here are no C ass A consen s on he Wa rau and on y e gh C ass C So when he wa er r gh s ge shu down due o ow flows arge numbers o nd v dua s are a ec ed – mos o hem grape growers
WAIRAU RIVER HISTORICAL AVAILABILITY OF WATER ALLOCATION CLASSES Class C unavailable, class B restricted
O 1960-61 1961-62 1962-63 1963-64 1964-65 1965-66 1966-67 1967-68 1968-69 1969-70 1970-71 1971-72 1972-73 1973-74 1974-75 1975-76 1976-77 1977-78 1978-79 1979-80 1980-81 1981-82 1982-83 1983-84 1984-85 1985-86 1986-87 1987-88 1988-89 1989-90 1990-91 1991-92 1992-93 1993-94 1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01
N
Class B & C unavailable
m
D
No data available
m
M
A
M
218.33
179.55
138.03
115.29
108.06
311.92
216.6
224.79
213.63
151.1
129.49
115.66
175.9
279.49
237.38
170.44
139.85
121.83
109.16
99.17
91.7
83.87
76.85
70.94
67.4
65.51
61.78
59.88
64.14
82.95
76.19
66.5
61.42
70.47
65.06
61.82
58.9
60.2
74.42
67.34
60.36
54.45
51.66
51.21
77.57
286.65
188.79
126.48
101.99
84.95
75.2
68.75
63.09
57.56
54.56
53.24
50.56
48.78
43.59
39.77
38.23
37.07
39.52
36.18
33.13
31.39
30.44
29.03
27.2
26.65
28.18
26.51
24.22
23.32
21.92
20.36
18.38
16.98
25.27
24.62
21.1
18.95
17.35
14.83
15.33
16.13
14.48
14.12
12.99
13.07
13.92
14.22
14.35
14.36
14.48
13.15
11.99
11.96
11.23
11.12
10.68
9.47
8.47
8.46
8.31
8.01
8.06
8.86
131.84
304.58
100.69
73.53
297.46
121.18
86.75
67.87
57.51
49.28
41.32
39.21
35.94
33.11
33.03
32.06
28.67
32.28
126.71
138.36
88.04
66.51
54.65
45.61
39.87
35.18
32.5
30.19
29.62
28.33
31.94
30.52
27.79
24.38
23.97
22.89
22.26
21.77
20.81
19.22
17.85
17.88
17.47
24.5
24.62
20.72
20.36
32.55
613.35
202.6
130.01
98.01
75.91
82.29
91.44
87.48
75.13
66.06
60.23
55.14
52.41
47.95
44.29
42.78
40
38.51
323.93
457.77
173.82
113.74
93.38
79.85
70.67
61.86
56.52
195.94
118.44
84.98
70.86
62.47
56.95
54.2
49.55
45.62
42.49
39.48
38.08
36.44
34.01
38.39
40.36
45.7
68.05
56.54
48.57
43.38
39.55
36.82
33.97
32.76
34.01
47.99
48
41.3
36.55
34.54
32.93
30.54
29.45
27.99
32.62
28.19
26.79
24.31
25.6
117.5
269.11
69.32
58.65
51.07
46.87
42.07
40.96
38.38
37.6
34.96
189.3
171.97
161.92
172.18
170.76
170.05
182.37
159.59
141.92
135.97
129.79
124.99
125.11
128.73
153.3
181.84
173.01
161.18
144.18
136.96
131.63
136.72
133.06
129.22
127.04
125.67
132.28
365.05
395.09
232.73
184.07
156.59
141.63
124.79
113.54
108.45
109.03
108.73
113.34
129.31
353.57
529.68
416.31
211.87
138.32
111.48
98.73
159.56
106.19
90.94
79.17
72.56
67.05
61.68
55.46
51.02
49.06
48.13
48.3
64.97
127.18
84.23
65.05
54.07
49.39
44.22
40.17
37.82
35.39
34.63
33.06
31.29
28.82
30.51
30.19
28.61
30.05
27.26
24.48
21.27
19.52
18.46
16.81
15.55
14.33
13.82
12.9
12.67
12.39
11.09
11.35
48.7
87.85
95.73
71.37
43.5
32.2
61.75
66.94
43.57
32.08
23.42
18.19
14.76
175.06
1016.62
397.25
199.79
134.44
109.47
91.85
80.86
72.32
333.69
351.37
168.09
123.31
102.47
92.83
81.43
73.02
67.15
62.74
61.72
55.27
49.12
45.97
41.27
38.53
36.66
32.48
31.83
30.43
27.42
29.92
40.22
37.29
32.29
30.63
29.23
27.62
25.86
24.37
22.98
21.54
19.39
19.23
19.59
18.7
17.78
17.8
16.77
16.06
16.89
264.7
230.23
91.34
73.61
68.49
63.31
113.58
216.36
116.09
129.95
108.82
93.05
77.21
65.83
56.88
48.44
44.07
43.86
40.4
36.27
30.76
29.17
26.07
23.67
21.32
19.95
18.31
17.21
18.51
17.43
16.23
15.73
14.62
12.91
12.17
13.49
12.47
13.38
16.49
15.47
12.81
12.36
126.6
152.76
71.92
51.91
43.26
36.97
31
31.79
28.81
26.87
23.46
21.47
20.49
19.78
132.61
882.97
621.79
344.23
193.83
503.37
626.3
365.28
231.61
220.71
155
130.27
143.31
111.1
96.12
86.45
77.92
71.83
68.12
242.06
496.04
478.59
276.71
180.16
134.74
114.41
103.67
93.96
85.24
77.85
78.51
76.39
119.41
137.09
268.63
524.57
1053.02
1149.32
602.13
484.12
416.46
341.87
272.83
224.55
188.81
161.38
147.56
139.92
150.33
138.82
160
235.8
183.45
161
140.82
136.73
1243.37
761.56
531.96
561.39
530.56
397.72
301.25
242.96
201.48
283.54
462.06
517.63
441.94
341.14
272.86
216.44
182.56
160.15
138.32
123.86
112.63
103.98
96.46
94.5
90.43
83.7
78.53
79.49
73.36
69.85
66.54
65.26
63.6
93.17
100.19
78.98
67.03
62.43
76.87
105.3
92.35
77.68
69.52
66.84
71.01
63.23
55.7
50.41
45.81
43.95
41.82
44.33
58.44
46.68
40.35
36.34
33.84
32.62
32.67
32.9
34.27
32.01
28.37
41.65
90.47
55.7
44.63
39.08
37.84
34.11
31.75
30.09
28.14
26.53
25.68
25.81
25.77
34.89
45.15
36.61
36.1
29.77
26.14
24.69
22.93
21.18
19.23
18.92
17.85
17.09
14.71
13.13
12.86
11.95
11.93
11.39
10.38
9.7
9.97
9.5
8.8
7.43
6.48
6.2
5.7
6.32
7.03
10.36
27.49
86.43
52.66
38.47
30.38
23.79
20.27
22.71
45.36
326.74
122.46
209.71
627.55
367.71
219.21
152.04
124.9
128.49
110.49
99.9
86.73
75.68
71.44
72.37
64.68
58.14
53.67
51.22
164.35
123.97
86.02
72.27
75.45
67.37
59.66
58.02
58.38
52.68
49.43
45.47
43.2
39.53
36.57
35.05
34.34
33.02
31.44
82.84
68.1
51.81
44
188.35
164.01
100.9
78.48
65.41
54.13
48.02
42.87
37.96
34.95
32.85
33.52
32.54
28.68
27.12
27.11
26.27
24.85
24.81
25.3
25.43
24.64
22.28
21.13
20.24
19.82
19.02
18.21
18.98
47.24
72.79
245
609.22
315.37
153.75
88.08
54.54
37.96
29.04
23.92
19.87
17.22
25.57
49.9
28.72
22.87
18.97
20.56
18.15
14.44
12.71
12.1
10.79
10.23
11.11
13.43
14.66
13.35
339.32
580.64
247.58
71.2
90.1
56.88
20.01
201.25
136.74
63.58
177.67
140.63
47.78
89.02
77.97
86.23
67.29
59.56
59.61
70.44
70.99
66.12
61.99
59
51.71
45.34
41.25
39.97
40.96
40.52
38.55
36.8
35
33.75
34.06
34.66
35.04
37.08
37.58
36.5
33.31
32.81
35.34
55.66
90
63.75
41.86
38.02
41.68
65.43
58.76
330.19
423.96
237.28
154.4
117.37
98.07
74.74
77.41
58.85
55.08
50.09
46.04
42.22
40.74
46.47
44.67
45.92
41.96
35.17
32.06
35.11
61.15
50.22
40.72
35.75
31.57
30.3
29.07
29.06
30.99
30.32
25.77
23.49
22.83
23.05
23.93
24.48
22.71
21.96
20.7
19.36
18.7
18.52
16.83
154.14
86.85
64.86
52.74
434.45
267.15
159.42
321.04
219.02
159.06
133.06
111.8
245.34
208.2
158.27
123.91
115.24
104.88
293.97
242.06
172.48
132.69
108.71
99.46
86.47
76.12
68.85
64.72
57.65
54.71
55.82
53.59
49.29
45.66
41.02
38.95
35.56
32.79
30.47
29.84
28.25
29.27
29.78
36.25
35.71
29.63
78.37
55.82
40.57
33.67
32.28
30.77
28.58
27.02
24.01
24.7
28.64
172.96
93.29
64.81
78.68
69.27
56.42
49.47
46.44
42.13
87.78
137.02
152.07
114.06
104.64
167.18
151.71
112.51
91.33
103.59
78.84
65.74
63.02
52.69
46.86
46.64
114.73
105.93
76.07
102.77
247.05
173
139.47
114.32
96.75
82.48
75.68
68.42
66.47
115.24
203.07
165.53
165.09
158.05
140.14
134.27
130.79
126.76
115
203.55
262.65
212.66
156.36
125.93
111.5
101.54
95.09
95.81
96.24
84.54
79.9
167.81
406.61
258.99
178.63
173.71
145.41
123.89
112.97
107.06
94.52
88.98
80.17
75.16
72.2
77.93
75.7
119.27
1001.75
350.25
216.63
169.97
148.02
121.96
115.64
104.08
93.34
80.96
73.33
96.17
225.42
160.33
123.62
111.81
288.4
187.42
145.63
124.94
109.82
119.54
118.67
100.03
93.53
93.59
86.01
80.52
71.92
80.77
140.29
111.86
86.35
71.84
64.03
58.91
56.28
65.94
79.63
69.78
57.27
52.44
47.75
52.08
65.53
49.7
42.07
39.71
52.89
41.93
37
33.74
31.22
31.05
67.37
94.26
65.29
52.52
44.59
40.55
37.62
151.32
158.21
208.26
206.63
146.63
116.48
95.6
87.45
83.4
75.98
79.58
86.79
72.73
61.23
50.52
45.05
40.57
36.5
34.61
33.4
30.42
30.28
60.8
44.99
35.69
31.67
28.04
32.77
34.21
28.8
26.91
26.3
24.59
25.45
24.94
23.09
20.95
19.84
19.14
17.03
17.56
23.2
38.2
38.7
31.7
26.59
23.63
21.44
19.68
17.79
17.07
16.5
16.26
16.15
17.59
17.1
16.24
15.25
15.03
14.93
18.84
44.57
38.19
26.82
28.21
29.06
24.08
20.76
19.12
19.44
31.54
24.79
27.83
28.68
24.67
21.58
25.44
29.57
24.08
23.44
24.42
25.52
24.89
21.96
21.72
20.84
19.6
19
18.18
16.94
15.85
16.08
16.9
32.77
46
34.26
30.97
25.7
31.85
38.17
48.62
48.96
36.71
31.22
27.65
26.6
27.83
24.86
23.04
21.31
19.93
18.4
18.43
18.39
17.14
17.15
187.97
142.56
84.4
62.69
55.16
50.4
92.63
83.87
62.25
51.71
47.57
42.07
42.61
67.79
56.16
91.97
74.43
62.71
51.43
46.35
43.99
41.92
48.79
50.92
46.67
39.33
35.56
38.59
38.52
30.89
27.38
27.82
28.26
30.31
32.29
29.5
27.3
35.68
49.08
64.34
49.17
40.78
38.79
232.32
121.38
72.66
56.61
72.97
332.24
298.23
207.26
149.56
109.6
96.92
129.4
225.89
141.59
105.29
86.62
329.78
678.94
331.39
223.45
174.87
142.77
123.28
106.37
96.56
93.9
90.79
105.6
95.01
84.33
83.72
70.58
63.64
60.21
55.78
53.04
57.57
52.43
47.52
43.35
42.9
43.88
42.76
38.87
42.16
211.22
184.49
105.72
118.79
109.14
91.17
75.8
66.77
58.9
53.03
60.7
70.56
73.94
124.59
103.71
105.34
123.02
110.46
82.5
68.96
84.11
120.66
101.27
79.09
68.12
59.7
52.72
48.22
44.16
43.5
43
37.45
33.47
30.34
28.74
29.54
137.65
112.53
173
167.95
103.13
77.54
63.3
55.36
47.78
44.3
44.34
54.91
44.35
37.93
34.12
31.48
28.1
27
25.64
24.02
22.58
21.48
19.97
19.04
17.52
16.51
16.6
16.11
15.24
15.23
39.82
41.35
45.91
351
113.15
62.5
48.74
39.59
35.13
37.72
32.45
37.66
29.74
24.56
20.55
17.39
14.7
13.23
13.79
13.2
13.37
13.26
11.87
11.75
11.36
12.55
14.69
13.49
13.16
16.01
25.73
26.15
22.75
19.35
18.53
17.31
15.07
32.58
187.67
94.54
72.15
58.63
50.02
45.37
46.25
45.53
42.09
80.26
713.6
214.29
127.34
94.77
80.74
73.85
70.34
66.64
64.75
61.03
58.66
56.34
51.66
49.29
47.62
50.03
787.04
404.38
193.35
140.16
722.68
458.21
309.02
235.4
174.57
133.48
112.62
91.12
78.3
68.35
62.2
59.13
56.14
56.37
55.99
48.89
48.35
44.57
41.22
38.87
36.24
33.01
31.26
43.64
908.56
346.39
170.07
114.38
86.91
69.18
56.62
52.27
63.02
56.81
50.51
44.43
45.66
202.52
234.78
230.3
162.85
126.46
104.05
90.55
77.99
65.34
54.46
54.37
48.75
47.08
46.37
49.7
45.53
41.54
41.95
43.57
38.98
36.66
36.4
34.03
32.97
42.84
50.12
49.75
41.52
40.13
47.09
56.71
282.85
207.11
217.78
437.48
290.8
181.58
125.32
99.93
82.36
99.39
786.53
384.5
265.15
195.17
153.55
127.06
123.54
103.51
90.09
78.55
71.14
67.51
61.27
64.45
86.26
72.03
66.87
60.34
52.92
48.74
50.74
48.09
42.89
147.75
194.37
114.55
95.99
97.57
86.27
72.41
64.67
57.85
54.62
95.15
87.26
70.44
66.96
73.22
88.84
77.8
66.91
56.71
53.57
104.85
75.11
60.17
53.15
47.8
42.82
41.15
39.91
63.4
104.31
72.7
54.73
46.13
42.72
37
34.64
34.94
32.36
28.26
27.46
26.21
36.54
32.82
26.87
24.46
26.11
23.64
74.5
156.55
74.58
53.86
47.36
39.58
34.59
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
33.82
33.67
34.25
29.38
26.3
24.65
22.68
52.57
445.97
226.53
145.38
140.11
103.91
81.28
69.07
61.32
52.75
47.05
42.75
38.52
35.05
31.96
30.29
64.62
63.54
65.63
377.52
315.3
161.69
112.97
91.88
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
27.13
29.54
28.43
27.75
27.06
117.88
275.77
92.01
77.72
65.98
62.28
52.16
43.67
40.22
40.81
40.83
39.98
43.72
41.9
39.09
33.48
29.29
27.94
25.39
26.33
25.48
25.27
25.2
22.69
21.36
19.25
18.65
17.58
17.33
66.95
75.31
57.25
46.93
50.78
47.48
44.43
38.12
42.07
352.65
495.44
1122.46
771.99
385.71
251.64
188.24
145.55
335.28
353.91
302.36
209.62
334.02
697.2
744.26
345.69
291.82
210.58
235.66
633.38
412.15
292.46
219.65
176.01
154.69
131.74
119.36
109.66
94.71
99.41
100.3
94.47
92.24
236.86
311.9
163.75
250.65
624.79
722.07
423.95
1256.76
817.96
464.31
324.64
258.29
230.82
203.65
175.12
148.63
157.5
463.79
255.93
181.35
155.01
144.38
133.43
122.67
213.9
221.3
208.77
202.45
170.57
139.67
177.42
169.96
157.45
179.97
167.25
193.32
150.16
132.63
137.19
138.36
115.73
101.4
89.06
74.04
69.39
78.82
98.66
90.39
71.34
62.33
56.29
41.56
41.88
44.72
66.41
56.23
46.49
49.11
41.83
37.06
37.02
33.64
31.52
28.86
28.76
27.97
22.58
22.05
29.53
23.18
33.12
24.83
216.94
271.71
278.65
242.33
204.59
176.65
165.76
157.07
159.09
151.92
120.84
103.98
93.78
91.83
105.1
136.59
176.06
148.95
120.58
107.54
89.73
78.52
71.12
67.89
71.66
63.4
58.83
61.26
75.28
216.44
171.34
147.39
235.09
185.28
178.24
150.69
121.09
99.67
84.7
73.64
63.76
58.64
56.58
68.36
56.15
51.78
50.99
44.59
40.5
49.1
62.28
48.93
39.12
36.43
39.53
42.11
43.51
35.9
30.25
25.26
21.68
20.71
18.88
20.25
20.65
16.28
83.98
76.8
124.24
1318.51
574.28
399.58
389.96
377.29
322.96
301.16
307.71
312.42
272.23
238.01
208.04
196.08
183.51
251.12
194.04
167.16
480.09
390.69
299.11
235.58
199.84
181.28
156.42
188.42
204.98
167.04
146.73
139.72
130.59
123.3
121.38
119.68
116.67
120.98
119.13
122.76
118.85
117.79
116.49
111.94
113.54
119.02
143.08
173.86
143.77
145.7
139.69
127.78
115.89
106.71
105.98
166.9
207.93
250.04
183.69
154.1
130.67
116.14
117.77
113.14
104.49
106.33
52.87
46.69
41.57
39.97
41.51
38.78
39.1
35.91
36.06
53.54
27.64
26.9
27.1
26.05
25.74
25.62
27.82
25.38
28.12
27.42
24.24
20.49
19.92
20.09
35.55
26.29
48.41
21.02
0
145.26
19.36
0
119.83
34.88
0
101.14
31.77
0
110.61
39.66
0
218.62
114.8
0
0
0
0
0
141.53
134.9
126.79
126.91
126.14
122.24
116.67
115.17
111.51
0
0
0
0
246.25
0
801.81
0
540.44
0
329.41
0
235.59
0
184.74
0
156.26
0
135.27
0
125.38
0
122.19
0
107.03
0
97.05
89.47
84.52
81.6
0
81.81
83.35
87.63
138.55
128.87
95.81
83.89
97.38
127.32
152.57
121.79
98.15
93.38
83.69
75.14
55.69
39.16
32.16
31.1
32.66
34.36
35.92
55.49
51.2
42.95
36.21
36.94
286.44
264.28
181.75
112.8
77.57
62.59
49.41
131.28
423.04
341.76
192.69
131.97
84.84
69.48
46.5
43.1
14.87
16.73
23.95
18.09
14.47
13.66
12.3
10.94
12.19
72.83
50.52
32.64
24.59
18.93
17.04
16.23
14.28
13.66
12.26
12.46
16.65
16.1
12.42
11.34
9.9
9.59
9.47
8.38
7.94
17.6
100.37
89.44
85.13
85.53
87.3
82.98
79.01
76.29
73.19
69.04
67.25
66.41
66.84
64.91
63.76
66.2
71.96
65.67
65.26
65.26
65.26
65.26
65.26
64.89
62.17
91.92
477.82
246.76
134.56
90.56
66.2
60.19
52.09
0
186.83
0
0
0
327.24
0
241.98
0
182.71
0
145.3
0
120.24
0
1401.53
532.39
111.33
42.23
53.55
122.42
114.51
72.44
58.87
50.85
45.32
125.95
103.71
86.69
127.94
111.35
80.85
65.44
102.72
56.41
54.06
49.61
41.27
38.34
35.57
28.86
19.14
0
0
0
0
93.27
84.31
0
190.67
0
145.83
0
104.27
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
83.91
75.41
73.48
62.79
59.45
54
48.62
45.63
58.94
34.67
31.19
29.39
27.76
33.71
29.38
25.58
29.17
27.26
26
24.36
22.9
23.61
25.34
14.33
14.05
19.24
46.14
28.31
23.03
19.53
99.01
109.35
43.87
60.65
135.14
75.7
56.13
46.64
41.03
42.51
35.14
31.13
32.27
39.79
40.16
79.27
64.15
55.62
49.81
42.97
38.72
36.4
34.65
33.59
34.03
33.73
35.19
31.75
19.62
20.68
21.21
22.23
21.18
20.19
18.68
17.68
17.21
16.44
15.71
15.58
14.89
0
111.34
0
0
0
0
0
55.82
47.05
40.96
36.57
33.85
35.62
32.45
30.08
29.09
29.44
27.62
24.33
22.81
22.35
23
24.62
32.6
28.85
26.01
23.46
23.84
22.83
22.21
20.28
20.87
19.33
19.71
18.45
17.69
17.26
16.84
85.93
122.92
73.17
48.63
71.34
0
57.79
0
45.57
0
39.97
0
35.57
0
34.12
0
30.93
0
27.85
0
26.46
0
25.01
23.57
22.25
64.14
53.43
47.26
40.44
36.52
0
35.01
0
38.61
0
94.07
0
88.26
29.74
51
0
67.16
29.45
64.52
557.83
20.88
31.86
94.99
27.35
16.78
34.8
126
748.4
16.66
36.33
39.68
28.64
19.65
33.91
69.8
150.8
20.42
79.78
45.73
30.51
21.74
103.7
115.19
113.24
23.33
168.8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
31.37
29.77
27.61
25.88
25.12
23.93
23.82
30.45
29.52
25.55
23.18
21.6
20.82
19.83
24.11
575.42
285.45
168.78
208.92
228.65
239.72
174.4
134.81
112.94
90.55
77.61
66.6
57.79
52.24
47.55
44.42
40.35
38.63
37.35
36.28
33.78
32.55
32.1
37.78
88.62
60.46
47.15
40.21
37.67
36.98
34.32
475.21
2092.73
697.37
400.9
292.96
226
183.64
187.42
171.91
140.18
121.01
111.32
100.87
93.49
87.68
96.07
101.16
86.83
78.15
70.18
63.18
59.78
53.4
50.81
62.39
66.44
119.81
99.83
167.81
150.36
114.04
88.9
74.17
66.59
59.66
54.71
52.31
50.64
142.09
218.14
141.36
448.91
351.35
268.37
190.7
144.22
125.08
648.02
440.51
279.18
222.45
195.36
81.07
62.79
66.11
67.18
57.14
47.8
45.67
42.44
40.57
37.84
37.59
51.85
57.83
47.59
39.26
36.88
35.65
80.1
147.8
117.94
81.41
64.47
55.03
46.58
42.21
41.27
37.44
34.91
31.95
97.3
118
64.43
47.48
40.29
36.88
34.22
32.06
29.79
27.44
25.57
24.2
23.01
22.02
21.47
19.9
19.56
19.74
19.65
18.36
17.35
18.01
18.31
16.62
16.07
15.09
14.31
13.6
13.5
12.59
12.24
12.08
12.06
11.8
17.95
19.38
15.54
13.51
12.72
38.23
32.05
23.31
19.58
38.51
145.49
62.04
43.45
37.91
33.39
48.18
63.29
42.89
37.57
38.82
187.02
110.43
71.6
57.4
49.83
45.43
41.97
37.2
35.68
35.43
38.73
42.95
38.51
48.74
107.89
71.74
59.68
53.95
46.54
43.07
39.9
36.83
34.08
32.78
78.7
86.3
62.16
389.13
384.94
198.6
212.71
167.64
135.03
112.4
96.89
84.8
74.94
64.6
25.24
23.49
22.24
21.13
20.06
17.58
16.8
16.35
15.5
14.85
14.38
13.83
13.09
12.88
12.27
11.59
10.9
10.57
11.14
10.95
10.86
10.57
10.14
9.72
9.62
9.44
9.42
46.77
35.28
20.21
16.22
14.43
13.25
14.54
269.53
138.94
70.37
66.71
52.57
41.17
119.26
542.55
205.46
118.98
87.6
83.39
96.7
81.47
107
74.46
55.96
45.46
46.8
48.76
39.43
33.71
25.94
24.32
24.88
26.41
29.57
175.12
238.67
137.94
97.94
75.24
50.17
43.85
38.36
33.4
30.7
27.3
26
24.33
21.91
20.59
20.74
20.55
19.33
18.69
17.9
16.86
16.95
17.75
16.95
15.45
14.93
20.18
28.55
20.05
17.04
15.98
15.05
14.12
14.29
65.16
599.78
256.01
130.64
80.48
56.87
45.96
38.04
33.24
29.55
27.93
28.69
28.89
53.58
105.94
69.82
51.75
46.64
39.01
32.38
30.01
27.51
26.3
23.35
19.57
16.69
15.74
15.11
14.03
12.86
11.61
10.56
10.41
10.05
9.44
8.83
9.07
9.21
9.23
9.49
9.25
8.19
7.57
7.46
19.19
372.99
378.24
201.28
116.06
82.29
62.59
52.89
42.5
40.2
44.77
38.74
33.25
29.26
26.23
22.32
21.11
19.8
18.36
17.25
16.85
16.34
14.89
13.65
12.69
12.61
12.13
11.3
11.64
10.3
10.4
15.21
28.03
25.41
18.29
14.92
13.25
12.9
11.73
10.77
10.44
10.46
10.25
9.84
9.33
8.86
9
9.27
8.68
8.66
12.64
22.57
20.7
16.16
13.61
12.6
12.04
158.35
236.71
135.56
84.06
61.36
49.42
39.94
31.1
27.49
25.11
23.35
21.38
20.61
21.86
23.11
24.21
80.25
90.36
58.47
45.71
40.24
34.19
327.52
809.75
475.5
276.92
207.98
168.68
143.41
125.5
112.72
104.22
95.97
89
83.33
79.77
75.99
74.98
72.78
70.87
177.46
16.92
15.32
14.26
13.31
12.98
12.63
11.77
0
9.24
9.23
9.58
8.85
8.07
7.3
6.8
6.44
6.32
6.15
5.92
6.09
5.99
6.3
13.38
13
8.23
7.5
6.26
5.87
5.87
5.38
5.21
35.09
71.28
24.33
7.86
6.09
16.11
156.13
99.95
42.67
28.87
18.68
12.24
9.28
11.04
9.5
6.93
5.88
5.14
4.56
4.29
4.8
9.79
34.48
29.78
18.62
23.79
20.45
14.57
10.74
8.27
7.34
6.1
5.58
803.2
839.87
233.3
143.23
91.96
59.49
44.72
33.93
28.26
24.24
22.09
18.75
16.54
14.45
12.22
10.88
10.91
18.14
80.82
41.48
26.66
45.05
34.62
25.37
20.56
16.62
14.11
14.16
12.14
10.7
10.24
9.69
9.07
8.44
7.86
7.78
128.06
105.64
874.82
801.23
379.9
222.73
134.32
94.23
68.44
53.18
43.33
43.75
38.99
32.49
39.37
42.65
60.38
403.37
34.53
20.76
16.04
13.16
12.07
13.25
12.64
140.02
1022.06
1966.22
887.62
463.5
321.42
290.03
337.63
267.88
226.23
204.12
175.05
153.57
139.5
129.45
122.29
118.39
111.44
110.32
109.84
106.97
96.94
86.9
79.82
75.81
72.66
69.92
72.09
97.51
83.71
89.85
173.12
196.36
170.55
269.25
182.66
135.27
111.08
94.01
86.08
77.09
69.35
63.62
57.99
52.96
49.53
47.36
46.23
45.22
41.47
36.97
34.85
35.72
46.28
58.06
49.87
46.03
36.81
35.17
32.02
32.3
34.31
33.22
31.76
39.14
39.68
31.22
29.66
29.84
29.1
25.87
23.51
23.23
43.02
50.34
38.26
30.27
26.88
24.45
43.74
108.87
130.34
78.84
57.39
50.34
43.17
38.22
36.07
32.19
28.27
25.93
24.62
25.04
25.33
23.79
22.35
21.62
23.6
22.53
19
17.59
16.19
15.86
15.33
14.59
13.01
12.31
11.7
11.49
12.08
11.82
11.14
10.54
9.71
9.16
9.16
8.84
8.7
8.17
7.36
6.44
5.59
4.98
4.23
4.14
4.99
5.43
5.13
5.2
5.58
5.45
5.07
4.95
4.72
4.53
4.27
4
3.69
3.71
3.93
3.71
3.37
3.38
3.3
3.07
2.93
2.73
2.56
2.97
9.38
11.02
8.5
8.26
7.06
6.36
8.22
8.83
10.88
14.36
11.46
11
10.53
9.5
8.92
8.08
7.13
7.07
6.79
6.55
6.56
6.39
6.12
5.7
5.36
5.15
4.95
4.82
5.1
4.92
4.45
4.07
3.78
3.72
3.65
3.5
3.29
3.19
3.23
3.34
3.26
3.48
3.61
9.04
11.88
8.71
7.43
62.39
199.17
111.99
187.46
127.77
81.44
59.02
50.09
47.01
57.03
50.58
41.8
34.79
32.01
35.16
49.05
61.41
47.14
62.57
128.04
92.96
149.21
151.98
115.32
88.72
73.65
69.94
67.84
62.7
55.26
64.15
62.1
52.32
48.74
54.05
51.83
44.96
42.44
37.76
43.63
49.15
32.2
34.3
37.54
32.89
29.79
26.08
24.14
22.92
22.54
21.64
20.9
19.54
19.23
20.15
24.78
23.99
20.76
19.36
17.93
16.04
16.02
19.2
36.24
55.42
46.67
36.89
30.09
27.8
22.15
20.61
18.85
21.21
38.85
49.11
364.38
233.53
162.75
144.04
146.33
114.13
93.5
75.53
68.21
124.7
138.96
143.47
132.38
109.49
92.71
82.93
72.9
156.55
433.68
202.99
140.71
120.47
104
88.02
75.45
66.66
60.25
68.6
68.99
57.27
51.09
47.27
44.64
44.91
41.14
37.15
35.2
33.39
31.18
29.87
28.43
26.85
26.37
24.66
27.9
141.61
84.63
58.51
49.94
41.38
36.35
48.17
55.88
43.89
37.86
33.7
30.24
28.39
33.13
51.5
55.79
41.14
35.15
31
27.58
54.6
97.64
58.31
44.74
38.29
33.37
29.51
26.52
25.03
26.27
26.36
23.55
23.52
22.87
20.23
18.58
18.43
17.31
16.32
15.07
14.39
13.79
13.12
12.35
11.93
11.5
11.13
11.04
35.78
48.15
32.12
26.21
22.4
35.29
32.51
26.82
23.21
21.59
53.05
241.56
147.34
96.53
75.22
58.27
48.93
43.74
41.13
74.23
67.26
50.59
42.62
37.68
35.39
32.56
31.3
29.94
27.2
23.96
21.68
21.9
21.08
19.41
18.62
17.73
16.49
15.58
15.36
28.17
25.47
36.03
35.98
27.62
24.66
22.05
20.59
19.82
19.34
18.18
16.36
15.4
15.4
15.14
14.16
13.33
13.15
13.49
284.43
507.87
2131.76
1162.44
505.8
370.4
306.09
227.46
170.99
132.43
135.03
377.6
646.31
1668.4
610.93
360.23
273.56
219.8
180.23
153.26
128.01
112.03
101.76
86.02
75.75
68.36
62.59
56.3
53.24
50.09
47.14
43.13
40.82
36.67
32.5
33.9
31.85
29.5
27.01
25.67
34.61
40.59
32.16
27.64
26.15
25.25
23.78
22.75
20.87
22.22
42.87
45.87
70.6
54.94
53.84
178.77
474.82
271.61
119
90.25
75.22
69.69
64.58
61.86
66.7
211.21
1049.55
883.09
517.64
389.06
321.98
273.08
239.77
212.65
188.1
175.01
186.57
198.29
181.44
181.66
184.69
189.71
171.33
156.24
301.98
301.83
244.3
202.79
175.06
154.32
138.03
127.38
118.14
111.74
105.06
102.75
113.62
153.09
185.21
201.45
160.8
139.13
125.52
178.37
342.73
219.17
173.93
150.56
132.01
116.37
111.96
102.81
90.72
82.56
81.96
82.66
82.84
77.69
74.1
71.15
68.22
66.05
73
69.32
65.61
58.88
54.95
57.27
77.16
74.2
65.82
57.75
53.59
55.45
56.68
51.36
47.17
42.23
39.71
39.06
36.59
36.95
49.33
38.68
34.79
35.83
51.96
54.06
42.17
35.9
34.09
32.46
30.36
28.6
27.42
26.23
26.72
33.49
45.38
44.09
36.65
31.53
27.58
26.07
23.94
26.5
45.14
45.83
37.53
77.89
190.75
123.36
105.46
86.99
74.21
61.73
62.89
81
94.37
80.66
101.14
110.05
88.06
75.65
65.86
59.89
58.12
55.65
50.62
46.93
41.45
38.01
35.26
33.57
34.51
82.69
81.9
68.44
82.09
68.12
55.67
48.8
45.34
52.96
52.29
46.36
42.88
41.4
40.54
52.24
58.08
48.05
40.89
44.79
161.93
127.23
95.69
77.97
68.7
62.13
155.85
649.82
1072.74
423.89
281.47
374.17
315.93
227.94
180.93
151.1
127.46
109.71
99.8
93.51
83.96
77.72
72.73
64.13
62.79
76.57
224.65
2485.98
720.08
411.47
295.34
240.39
208.05
203.33
182.32
163.42
152.55
141.11
133.11
125.48
117.3
109.51
105.71
102.86
99.83
96.07
92.65
431.74
460.33
249.29
188.07
160.43
143.17
123.51
112.9
107.89
103.75
99.23
104.72
97.99
89.43
84.5
80.51
78.4
77.01
71.9
69.29
68.82
67.97
63.81
64.6
79.85
99.19
147.41
400.36
365.63
280.27
252.74
232.73
255.73
258.53
209.77
198.32
187.56
162.79
141.06
137.39
69.41
67.98
67.42
81.14
89.66
79.01
73.07
68.08
66.1
63.63
60.69
56.48
76.16
421.93
335.35
204.28
147
114.38
147.98
138.9
105.02
109.16
277.15
198.49
147.92
201.97
274.97
361.93
286.51
232.81
192.09
155.55
133.97
217.59
311.01
294.52
243.97
261.49
297.36
316.87
264.35
219.92
181.92
155.82
136.78
118.82
103.08
103.58
101.12
83.76
84.17
107.15
109.68
91.41
79.62
70.39
62.47
176.02
199.89
129.93
107.38
100.06
93.56
84.86
77.46
70.57
71.16
64.73
56
51.33
46.62
45.91
45.31
42.88
42.23
41.24
37.17
35.48
36.67
130.08
97.81
63.75
50.9
42.48
38.04
38.5
50.1
46.59
40.12
40.51
37.75
33.49
31.1
29.49
28.51
26.56
23.72
22.35
22.77
23.72
22.1
51.4
62.61
47.5
44.73
147.32
141.61
95.17
73.29
67.37
71.75
66.47
53.27
45.61
43.46
64.08
59.97
63.06
1325.86
592.71
698.21
445.77
286.04
211.07
164.18
138.75
116.6
99.73
85.59
76.86
74.25
67.24
61.09
61.4
56.96
53.91
51.27
47.44
44.14
40.34
37.4
33.54
32.89
32.85
33.08
30.36
27.76
25.4
24.42
22.58
20.66
21.37
20.69
19.31
18.38
17.84
18.74
18.17
16.02
15.83
16.11
20.67
18.84
17.61
17.71
16.7
15.63
15.11
14.33
13.81
13.63
13.18
12.72
12.85
21.42
21.44
18.06
16.69
16.2
14.79
79.91
292.08
117.1
69.69
53.49
44.25
37.05
31.54
27.95
24.97
23.49
128.63
294.6
139.74
89.21
69.43
54.54
43.87
39.98
34.8
31.69
28.79
26.3
25.79
25.47
26.52
31.95
29.32
25.28
22.25
19.54
21.96
56.38
60.26
52.07
39.3
31.94
28.37
27.5
73.71
51.82
84.46
124.87
86.77
65.74
60.22
54.13
47.83
45.56
40.31
38.53
46.36
177.11
122.17
90.64
74.48
63.7
62.43
150.03
100.93
76.36
60.78
51.9
22.3
20.98
21.42
20.55
20.14
98
78.03
55.44
47.32
44.4
42.22
38.71
40.59
40.47
38.02
27.69
13.91
13.36
12.93
13.52
13.43
12.06
12.05
20.77
27.93
34.77
122.95
85.73
69.13
65.75
59.66
55.23
53.26
54.63
53.84
54.11
48.58
45.3
41.81
41.39
41.03
45.61
45.67
46.87
47.74
45.51
49.14
89.59
92.22
84.34
94.26
88.65
77.66
71.35
123.07
132.88
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
28.13
27.4
85.89
65.23
49.27
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
22.63
87.4
490.22
958.86
597.02
269.83
185.68
136.41
109.62
91.04
79.88
69.35
61.7
56.05
51.86
49.73
45.3
42.72
40.05
37.54
35.02
55.59
52.86
54.83
52.23
46.87
43.91
43.04
50.05
84.09
127.19
136.22
160.23
153.76
151.1
187.94
165.43
143.78
142.67
290.23
281.02
218.51
172.41
145.78
127.7
116.64
121.94
110.5
92.64
81.94
71.19
69.24
70.89
74.03
68.79
66.72
85.3
275.63
192.28
150.16
138.73
132.99
115.97
99.13
84.77
71.53
61.14
55.52
48.57
49.88
53.35
53.1
53.41
54
63.91
72.03
110.96
110.11
84.79
73.5
70.53
192.99
260.72
236.23
233.24
178.43
141.08
260.47
291.08
196.23
210.58
344.65
233.15
176.19
146.87
135.83
133.3
115.08
103.43
95.76
115.52
294.67
286.88
247.59
211.7
169.31
133.64
114.74
98.8
99.77
146.72
112.55
102.03
100.16
110.79
122.72
183.67
177.66
146.26
136.86
113.77
96.3
83.37
73.8
64.99
58.19
53.8
49.7
47.46
47.24
64.26
381.19
383.98
284.96
197.27
144.95
116.26
101.95
91.97
83.29
75.15
67.08
60.81
54.89
58.9
51.95
63.09
59.31
48.21
43.66
38.9
36.68
34.57
31.76
35.9
35.48
30.38
28.16
26.3
26.09
25
23.41
21.62
21.03
24.27
81.53
50.86
35.34
29.01
25.86
24.04
22.48
22.27
46.15
211.56
168.95
92.64
63.52
48.45
41.25
36.93
41.2
37.45
32.75
29.02
27.41
24.98
22.51
21.66
24.08
25.75
24.13
23.64
23.6
23.28
22.06
21.5
20.07
18.96
19.02
18.31
17.91
17.89
16.35
13.94
14.15
15.77
21.62
136.14
103.38
160.38
133.2
108.42
89.39
82.79
312.12
322.87
211.32
161.74
127.57
102.75
90.11
86.13
83.12
81.78
74.57
63.54
60.21
76.32
187.25
131.65
108.47
116.64
96.09
84.44
79.21
77.12
95.15
161.27
115.56
94.55
83.6
86.4
79.28
71.5
95.18
97.4
84.25
79.73
72.89
66.62
75.96
99.91
83.41
77.03
78.28
74.09
69.05
65.67
68.16
161.67
263.19
195.69
236.21
163.44
130.14
113.1
105.39
96.08
89.01
82.58
76.73
70.84
66.73
68.19
62.68
56.96
55.54
53.92
56.01
151.66
131.58
100.78
83.38
70.89
116.52
324.83
160.96
154.21
137.9
105.57
101.02
108.18
97.76
79.27
65.71
57.52
55.83
55.52
95.7
76.13
68.48
63.17
56.61
52.6
51.28
47.48
44.95
43.03
40.55
38.32
35.74
34.46
32.9
31.26
29.98
28.43
27.01
25.54
25.07
28.71
33.03
29.31
26.05
23.77
21.78
20.82
18.8
17.37
17.41
16.56
15.08
14.15
13.12
12.27
31.95
32.42
20.28
16.71
14.71
13.54
12.89
12.3
11.81
11.6
10.96
10.45
12.35
15.11
12.58
10.96
9.87
8.91
8.2
8.31
7.96
7.99
7.86
7.58
7.22
7.41
9.05
9.16
7.89
6.99
6.9
6.31
5.78
5.52
5.49
5.51
5.39
5.08
5.1
4.99
4.68
4.86
6.01
8.1
7.76
6.26
5.62
5.34
10.42
12.27
8.99
81.75
218.99
92.97
53.76
38.43
33.82
37.14
32.23
0
129.6
49.62
109.98
176.15
127.2
108.25
105.81
581.55
718.5
51.35
468.51
279.82
142.79
94.97
270.83
42.38
200.95
147.69
99.42
91.54
95.47
84.99
78.36
110.71
116.89
107.07
68.91
62.18
55.83
49.95
331.13
237.26
188.7
158.06
136.47
101.99
95.93
90.88
88.7
89.52
92.84
84.29
78.4
73.62
68.7
64.06
62.73
63.01
72.27
83.49
115.06
113.03
103.46
109.36
102.01
88.42
81.68
76.25
70.36
64.8
61.32
63.22
62.41
60.13
53.85
50.73
47.88
44.97
43.64
41.51
41.21
41.82
40.43
38.11
40.06
63
73.29
79.67
69.48
63.66
75.12
78.62
108.71
92.18
77.39
70.22
62.49
59.05
80.25
287.98
214.64
172.95
141.73
114.39
94.11
83.49
72.52
64.85
59.94
55.06
49.51
45.53
43.69
53.51
31.47
37.92
33.57
29.38
28.01
26.42
24.65
26.34
26
24.5
23.46
31.38
54.4
36.9
30.14
27.56
23.47
41.97
66.52
47.11
32.03
29.19
26.36
25.53
25.32
50.33
62.28
52.43
44.99
40.98
38.86
31.6
28.95
26.54
25.54
24.27
23.74
18.43
34.54
36.96
160.22
93.26
207.94
125.87
90.14
69.19
61.03
55.87
64.17
63.92
193.37
228.03
149.57
117.76
260.38
202.99
150.92
121.4
101
88.7
77.23
66.12
60.28
57.2
53.3
52.02
52.54
51.28
59.08
56.81
60.56
77.91
66.43
60.85
53.24
48.11
45.72
68.09
298.76
816.42
510.38
285.47
232.71
315.98
152.22
139.72
128.26
116.4
107.51
99.39
89.44
81.24
77.84
75.67
75.54
155.13
143.14
112.57
94.83
230.02
166.12
131.52
115.81
100.82
91.46
104.2
239.15
218.18
169.43
145.9
223.44
403.01
398.96
296.1
225.95
188.64
161.65
145.96
136.12
132.12
123.85
111.84
102.16
94.79
91.12
88.66
101.1
261.05
838.1
550.57
338.66
249.44
220.33
205.89
187.37
167.28
154.29
169.64
178.16
155.04
139.14
123.79
133.56
193.56
163.57
141.54
127.63
131.4
252.41
233.39
183.6
207.91
190.96
156.26
136.56
125.13
127.85
135.84
153.26
141.39
122.26
351.61
310.95
204.88
173.54
220.19
209.36
172.14
152.3
135.17
151.77
181.58
219.17
173.23
149.69
133.16
134.14
178.05
150.3
133.89
117.01
108.58
112.2
122.33
155.61
131.18
212.96
189.03
150.93
130.62
115.64
108.98
115.9
129.43
106.57
96.02
86.01
77.12
70.25
66.8
61.62
56.27
52.64
47.89
43.61
60.24
316.99
275.71
195.03
344.33
274.04
202.73
178.31
171.19
307.82
270.2
198.8
183.03
159.14
136.09
120.38
106.21
92.98
82.9
72.54
114.15
126.84
89.68
91.35
81.84
171.37
167.23
121.67
96.77
86.84
110.57
87.09
66.41
54.35
48.39
46.87
42.66
44.34
62.23
69.52
54.33
125.07
151.76
110.2
93.04
86.03
258.25
264.64
191.89
139.61
111.33
93.38
80.83
68.9
60.7
52.84
50.95
50.72
55.66
143.74
116.92
91.38
77.88
79.78
90.08
77.55
72.31
110.54
96.83
80.97
73.9
68.98
68.41
63.59
60.94
72.31
85.5
211.94
464.9
280.4
237.78
200.67
171.22
152.24
195.12
279.59
264.96
742.32
567.57
363.4
290.72
241.73
209.05
187.13
172.32
166.8
156.27
146.68
138.11
131.03
124.92
120.51
122.05
124.07
126.77
179.16
324.32
259.43
228.95
207.09
188.98
174.27
163.49
158.67
154.69
156.01
137.79
138.63
135.28
128.76
199.87
461.55
278.51
218.66
194.98
153.21
122.73
103.55
90.8
83.57
145.46
162.86
195.1
251.88
199.14
187.34
172.22
170.45
265.49
242.1
236.19
204.1
179.39
212.39
232.87
205.56
203.11
227.92
221.56
197.53
177.47
166.23
153
141.43
133.8
137.22
132.17
205.66
298.96
193.4
170.37
166.43
165.79
183.24
260.5
217.83
187.4
182.7
248.74
211.57
186.29
164.6
146.85
138.74
129.51
131.58
134.03
117.38
106.17
105.07
115.74
117.49
104.02
95.04
112.03
109.61
98.87
131.88
163.64
123.04
118.04
111.32
97.54
89.35
85.17
84.95
81.44
78.66
90.43
76.96
68.76
62.2
57.58
56.82
62.37
63.45
60.68
57.81
56.76
97.01
75.59
62.07
58.99
61.78
73.31
72.22
62.66
59.66
50.18
42.65
36.65
31.63
27.08
22.77
22.3
22.97
24.14
23.79
19.55
17.83
15.3
12.6
10.93
10.01
10.41
9.57
8.59
7.54
6.92
6.78
6.99
57.07
42.44
25.68
20.08
17.8
15.25
13.81
12.57
12.41
12.16
12.37
13.18
12.37
11.63
10.01
9.13
8.52
8.5
12.62
11.98
10.05
9.28
8.96
11.89
14.36
13.78
12.36
10.84
28.1
25.03
16.36
13.19
11.34
9.99
9.3
8.94
8.63
8.06
7.47
7.15
7.44
14.5
19.94
16.32
12.5
10.39
10.27
43.46
511.96
234.35
149.64
111.86
88.96
68.68
58.93
52.69
44.93
41.5
37.89
34.58
33.54
36.3
73.56
63.5
68.32
76.64
98.21
99.08
78.27
65.48
56.07
48.68
42.89
38.42
34.89
31.78
29.28
28.22
25.09
23.25
22.2
26
35.12
32.06
197.4
230.49
153.01
118.01
95.83
81.5
81.35
91.72
76.8
66.94
62.47
57.12
52.72
49.83
47.6
151.66
159.78
116.68
97.07
87.12
77.53
69.42
61.42
95.37
122.61
92.7
154.96
197.19
191.45
159.53
133.79
119.03
105.51
95.78
102.41
195.57
236.78
172.42
144.82
126.68
112.61
101.68
93.14
85.93
79.12
73.04
83.92
77.95
88.92
141.26
179.86
716.09
471.3
280.37
231.82
194.21
168.09
152.8
137.21
123.65
111.8
103.33
138.28
137.19
109.74
97.8
89.91
83.98
85.33
156.07
214.07
170.61
140.16
119.08
103.32
94.31
89.13
83.43
77.08
69.25
64.22
60.13
56.73
64.99
206.83
244.67
190.67
151.31
124.96
108.04
97.17
228.28
869.72
657.8
360.3
271.17
222.01
199.05
172.67
153.49
136.55
122.19
114.94
104.7
94.72
87.28
86.07
99.47
190.61
159.88
130.21
107.96
104.64
149.21
201.17
272.74
259.71
260.04
201.14
168.11
145.45
129.04
116.34
103.86
93.52
84.74
76.06
73.53
87.13
80.53
82.37
87.43
75.3
65.76
73.28
70.37
60.42
165.89
148.4
107.99
86.74
91.64
79.96
70.37
67.57
65.72
58.44
51.91
46.52
41.97
37.46
33.52
32.61
31.62
29.28
27.36
26.91
26.91
26.68
24.67
103.64
106.69
61.49
44.68
37.41
70.91
63.45
45.76
36.05
32.28
29.41
28.71
26.47
24.07
24.08
27.02
20.56
19.79
18.49
17.44
16.65
14.91
15.3
13.76
12.66
12.13
11.55
15.29
48.31
28.57
24.99
23.87
130.05
190.37
97.94
85.96
73.67
97.04
116.36
79.18
69.37
57.3
49.76
43.66
38.67
34.53
31.65
28.87
26.43
24.83
24.97
22.6
20.71
19.3
18.2
17.16
16.21
15.42
14.76
13.99
14.18
13.57
12.75
12.05
11.54
10.9
10.45
10.51
22.88
26.2
17.96
15.15
13.4
12.67
11.61
11.81
22.21
31.75
22.74
19.41
18.55
29.33
27.77
25.11
23.03
20.79
19.33
19.6
20.39
21.2
20.08
19.27
18.6
17.99
18.07
17.86
19.6
45.88
41.99
30.39
25.83
24.48
23.53
23.33
22.61
36.07
129.04
83.61
61.92
126.78
226.47
158.54
139.88
113.16
90.03
76.45
68.16
68.88
240.58
260.66
386.34
244.18
182.22
159.22
132.56
118.22
106.14
96.88
91.22
100.39
90.4
83.25
75.77
71.17
73.42
72.9
68.14
64.18
62.31
67.71
64.4
59.32
56.27
55.9
56.1
56.16
52.64
48.8
45.6
43.13
43.23
41.22
46.96
49.29
46.54
44.57
43.25
43.42
46.61
47.29
53.46
101.85
92.59
76.32
67.31
62.96
63.02
78.1
83.72
83.9
103.2
179.86
124.81
92.62
77.16
68.24
62.51
58.62
103.77
158.27
97.89
88.73
76.15
67.69
61.46
57.64
215.37
127.53
98.3
84.6
73.49
65.8
60.57
59.31
55.14
52.52
48.29
45.05
42.35
40.66
41.76
184.72
163.07
103.75
80.5
68.59
60.03
54.29
51.55
51.7
51.3
61.1
57.58
50.33
46.74
110.7
90.08
73.05
62.64
57.38
51.35
46.29
40.83
36.41
32.93
36.83
53.78
44.35
55.2
52.56
45.2
39.97
35.83
70.16
144.87
82.99
91.19
109.91
84.34
90.43
112.8
89.25
74.33
72.12
62.08
53.35
49.44
43.4
38.24
33.96
30.39
26.93
24.44
22.53
21.02
20.88
19.31
18.36
17.42
16.16
15.8
14.88
13.69
13.17
12.53
12.28
11.67
11.07
10.55
10.15
9.95
12.91
15.19
11.6
10.32
9.64
9.54
9.23
8.93
8.49
9.16
9.59
9.12
8.73
8.71
8.41
8.1
7.8
7.52
7.33
7.3
7.55
7.5
7.2
7.22
7.71
7.25
8
8.03
8.03
7.79
6.74
6.35
6.28
6.32
6.79
7.35
8.12
15.35
81.54
43.03
25.91
19.31
17.74
15.93
14.37
12.75
12.17
31.73
32.73
22.53
18.23
15.89
14.02
12.92
623.6
476.94
212.18
144.86
110.35
91.46
180.77
183.24
139.52
114.36
94.91
80.45
353.31
267.57
172.72
136.5
113.7
97.95
84.47
75.6
73.65
155.55
289.77
236.85
167.53
250.56
297.81
198.08
159.81
135.48
117.95
104.84
142.39
223.8
169.4
147.48
128.96
114.38
102.69
94.22
86.91
80.69
73.67
67.78
61.3
61.14
114.58
166.83
183.96
141.3
140.04
125.55
107.03
95.48
386.52
535.94
362
257.73
223.72
184.37
154.23
163.78
146.9
518.89
437.62
301.41
224.08
172.48
138.57
132.92
122.55
104.18
95.57
113.69
277.8
444.88
235.39
169.07
143.19
115.24
100.69
79.78
74.96
71.99
58.84
72.54
0
35.83
23.84
23.32
22.93
24.42
56.99
47.65
43.99
38.52
34.43
32.22
99.05
220.94
162.72
96.98
74.55
63.6
51.74
60.82
50.04
44.93
40.82
38.51
30.34
39.02
63.85
45.83
43.38
57.15
53.76
67.83
66.92
66.42
71.42
89.9
63.12
57.48
53.01
49.14
45.56
43.47
40.75
38.07
37.53
35.77
35.14
33.51
51.82
196.7
165.78
96.26
77.31
71.02
64.21
57.78
55.63
68.17
61.87
55.08
51.18
47.68
44.54
40.83
39.54
26.93
24.18
44.29
45.19
38.22
35.41
34.85
32.28
30.55
27.39
30.23
46.93
119.99
42.56
39.96
37.38
44.07
45.27
41.54
40.69
41.79
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
29.21
28.36
28.52
51.27
51.68
35.28
33.05
31.26
32.71
32.68
31.04
64.25
50.61
41.71
37.64
0
0
0
0
97.44
105.45
1318.93
2307.99
745.22
62.85
58.34
64.07
55.8
51.62
48.24
45.58
42.86
41.57
40.29
40.14
38.02
34.88
32.24
29.15
52.98
41.99
41.09
43.05
54.73
1170.39
170.07
146.89
124.07
32.62
31.56
29.95
29.82
30.51
28.31
25.07
78.89
73.81
38.22
36.14
33.42
33.22
31.19
30.26
28.16
26.75
298.19
172.8
135.67
117.16
103.37
90.52
85.56
83.19
76.61
75.44
70.63
69.47
71.51
77.25
71.82
70.73
72.64
70.54
68.59
65.91
63.65
61.85
63.09
60.92
52.66
56.23
56.04
57.46
99.64
100.76
85.71
74.15
68.45
65.14
63.95
232.24
496.55
524.33
244.25
159.95
124.66
108.71
98.14
92.69
86.09
75.58
72.41
123.34
158.16
108.48
125.86
133.44
116.3
277.72
699.34
330.73
217.67
160.61
485.79
1024.11
519.83
311.25
223.22
178.38
157.72
149.07
124.78
111
100.86
90.63
85.43
80.82
86.24
81.71
71.99
67.57
69.85
65.3
65.34
63.46
58
59.92
75.6
63.31
1007.08
456.95
348.1
288.77
235.7
179.84
138.82
112.73
98.68
86.2
92.09
262.12
539.35
287.53
324.84
279.84
231.75
170.63
135.34
113.73
101.06
89.72
84.2
86.42
73.51
66.35
59.25
55.11
50.17
48.77
45.56
42.97
0
0
33.57
40.41
62.67
42.79
44.03
38.2
49.47
40.93
34.16
30.36
27.58
25.51
23.72
23.02
21.83
74.77
129.29
63.43
47.14
67.94
50.59
41.83
44.17
36.69
32.13
28.3
27.2
25.01
38.69
31.94
28.58
25.37
22.91
21.53
20.33
21.12
17.12
16.28
15.96
15.02
15.44
14.52
13.96
13.32
12.59
12.28
11.89
11.79
11.13
10.97
10.91
10.51
10.53
9.76
9.54
9.75
9.67
9.44
9.29
8.11
7.56
7.75
7.53
7.55
271.34
1658.46
675.23
444.96
288.03
198.14
146.44
118.5
101.49
89.94
80.96
73.27
67.06
62.87
58.36
54.07
49.74
46.45
43.7
41.71
39.05
43.11
62.39
47.36
41.75
39.18
36.71
35.39
33.68
32.4
28.91
29.27
30.65
39.48
39.84
39.08
34.57
30.26
28.9
28.81
29.97
30.65
48.28
45.9
45.41
65.87
91.05
310.69
164.52
117.5
98.43
90.87
87.59
83.16
77.14
74.47
91.5
83.54
75.17
68.71
64.03
61.09
57.28
54.34
52.29
51.76
49.05
52.95
53.49
50.36
48.09
47.01
45.69
45.88
205.65
207.6
166.09
122.34
200.57
231.89
157.24
117.98
99.74
89.85
79.93
89.99
98.45
131.46
120.24
102.66
92.75
85.48
79.27
399.74
259.62
157.55
117.15
100.28
89.24
82.19
104.38
167.11
114.43
102.27
94.64
96.13
104.08
211.28
260.33
185.03
228.47
455.41
278.54
190.16
142.13
121.52
103.02
92.43
95.18
101.46
92.13
79.62
72.59
78.69
85.86
151.08
101.06
96.88
116.23
90.04
79
72.33
65.97
59.51
56.3
51.84
51.38
49.51
39.24
40.43
880.49
1119.62
418.48
217.74
144.45
109.9
94.56
83.91
79.26
89.55
74.13
65.29
59.7
55.08
51.31
48.45
44.58
41.63
38.94
39.33
51.37
81.72
72.6
106.73
324.59
143.91
126.8
152.1
101.73
85.88
76.85
795.01
586.29
275.53
166.74
173.78
125.65
106.47
100.53
87.98
78.34
70.92
65.76
61.2
57.47
54.01
52.83
108.87
96.32
175.8
742.16
367.74
193
127.87
103.74
90.93
81.82
75.4
70.27
63.17
61.14
58.35
54.76
52.85
49.43
48.09
46.24
45.39
44.45
42.35
40.2
42.97
203.92
92.13
70.02
60.46
56.13
51.6
48.21
47.51
40.64
41.1
39.06
38.36
36.27
34.48
33.2
34.15
32.29
30.65
30.09
137.06
237.51
112.66
83.19
75.37
64.57
58.08
52.93
47.64
47.39
45.38
41.71
39.44
37.44
35.83
35.57
36.95
34.1
32.4
31.52
30.08
44.58
63.98
48.64
44.47
79.41
99.91
89.34
73.95
64.04
57.6
53.15
47.93
44.47
48.83
89.9
56.23
53.12
54.33
94.26
189.7
204.91
114.67
88.82
78.78
81.34
78.79
95.96
89.61
102.68
117.8
111.19
111.77
93.84
86.81
81.59
115.04
277.23
146.21
108.49
95.3
88.55
82.46
78.74
71.63
66.85
64.03
61.72
60.92
89.34
90.07
71.63
66.03
65.73
62.66
62.84
59.77
55.07
70.53
87.7
68.96
61.63
55.46
50.74
49.3
47.56
45.03
42.28
39.88
38.8
75.07
89.82
67.06
58.05
52.64
47.68
45.22
51.34
45.69
41.57
38.26
36.22
34.18
33.37
31.93
31.14
29.78
28.97
28.19
27.33
26.65
26.96
27.72
27.84
28.17
25.47
23.51
23.44
152.09
85.52
57.96
47.8
45.37
38.72
34.14
31.56
64.38
64.05
49.64
40.45
36.12
33.15
30.42
28.22
26.18
24.49
23.18
22.06
21.78
21.7
20.66
18.74
17.42
89.31
62.45
50.47
82.26
54.49
43.96
39.67
76.12
109.27
95.93
75.93
66.58
57.39
62.61
62.48
51.42
46.07
41.29
37.64
33.84
50.47
53.13
45.43
40.19
35.77
33.14
30.86
28.97
27.81
31.04
28.15
25.69
23.87
25.53
28.83
25.21
21.61
20
18.88
33.96
34.13
26.06
22.97
21.71
20.82
20.7
38.91
37.45
33.98
30.17
25.89
23.12
21.75
88.59
103.13
64.89
58.23
47.77
42.85
39.14
35.6
32.79
30.57
27.73
27.17
33.67
32.96
30
30.04
28.01
24.98
22.93
21.52
19.68
47.18
233.93
116.22
74.76
61.72
52.19
45.45
41.4
37.54
35.99
60.62
61.65
48.36
42.28
37.74
34.53
31.73
30.38
28.4
26.96
25.35
361.17
282.85
122.65
88.14
72
62.44
54.94
50.29
46.23
43.91
81.85
100.39
71.86
61.65
62.22
84.18
65.89
57.67
52.52
48.06
45.1
42.78
39.83
37.3
35.38
33.34
31.95
32.41
127.9
424.23
211.5
130.37
100.23
81.71
72.09
63.99
57.9
53.99
295.51
194.41
114.01
90.9
111.77
123.7
124.43
72.28
66.17
63.32
46.68
43.99
43.76
39.78
37.51
116.97
231.07
807.21
403.56
228.22
150.14
115.5
97.53
89.59
77.05
67.54
60.82
54.66
49.1
43.28
24.89
22.94
22.42
21.12
19.54
29.91
82.35
46.84
32.82
26.81
22.64
19.31
17.38
15.57
14.54
12.83
11.39
8.61
8.19
7.88
10.49
21.29
22.99
25.81
39.17
29.2
23.85
22.92
33.44
70.43
100.31
296.99
260.94
154.11
102.41
80.92
84.27
29.86
263.09
1227.58
368.5
612.26
580.92
427.64
301.2
204.95
155.33
126.01
108.91
21.1
111.59
78.63
67.6
81.58
66.86
62.04
83.87
75.36
69.97
257.54
1022.48
409.84
221
150.59
123.84
103.45
92.94
83.37
73.28
70.17
32.21
30.57
126.17
184.72
125.57
86.04
77.09
71.41
319.02
558.7
293.51
185.34
138.42
113.42
101.05
92.5
86.03
79.09
73.78
72.68
102
390.1
402.41
198.68
132.43
73.8
69.06
63.43
48.66
69.43
67.72
81.36
99.73
86.17
77.2
72.39
127.61
112.42
86.82
81.59
74.03
70.54
38.35
35.63
33.47
30.56
28.65
14.62
21.3
105.43
91.98
220.99
145.65
123.46
92.81
78.4
67.34
60.86
59.27
47.19
45.71
35.32
33.84
612.53
764.73
439.81
276.6
178.54
356.49
434.79
357.46
222.33
221.42
158.23
407.69
290.43
207.01
224.57
194.97
161.81
132.69
110.87
119.27
102.56
94.42
85.87
80.15
82.11
147.67
139.65
105.63
87.51
73.45
68.68
69.75
131.13
162.05
103.9
83.4
72.72
73.17
75.1
64.45
57.04
53.35
49.86
47.57
43.99
66.98
81.29
86.23
69.23
59.25
51.84
49.23
45.62
108.65
368.35
712.9
296.63
252.19
370.66
207.15
223.63
156.69
114.86
100.94
175.36
103.33
85.81
75.08
65.67
63.05
58.24
52.47
48.61
45.19
41.01
39.89
38.35
35.72
34.06
33.66
31.98
30.12
28.25
25.71
25.82
81.59
101.3
47.75
40.41
40.92
52.7
62.15
62.59
58.5
51.35
44.45
649.84
415.9
174.04
114.46
88.93
77.92
68.41
60.52
53
48.41
43.83
41.58
39.61
34.73
36.07
33.62
30.85
28.13
27.43
37.02
34.14
28.61
25.83
24.48
23.36
28.22
60.96
142.44
80.62
53.99
45.61
38.95
36.36
33.07
31.03
31.3
28.34
27.06
24.89
23.1
26.09
26.11
22.73
20.52
25.36
265.17
104.47
66.38
50.95
42.94
41.65
40.93
33.52
34.1
31.46
28.86
26.99
27.88
25.68
26.13
28.53
34.37
47.95
74.35
68.83
52.13
99.61
66.14
48.27
39.08
35.13
34.24
30.84
29.04
75.54
120.8
69.25
54.6
44.86
77.37
215.8
117.79
79.88
65.54
55.08
46.12
41.37
37.09
34.34
32.38
28.63
28.09
27.62
29.44
26.6
23.45
22.88
85.27
121.89
72.75
51.61
40.88
36.65
32.39
28.76
26.55
25.8
23.42
22.77
22.38
21.68
23.38
62.31
143.15
107.73
108.4
98.64
69.78
55
45.39
39.75
35.03
31.79
29.28
27.92
25.66
24.95
24.31
23.04
22.67
21.96
20.63
18.15
18.4
36.86
51.31
35.04
30.93
26.62
22.77
22.65
23.42
64.8
56.91
51.55
207.66
181.3
120.12
91.71
160.75
180.44
148.67
139.42
118.46
97.65
88.01
79.05
72.51
66.72
72.27
115.2
103.14
85.52
73.76
66.94
60.85
55.85
54.9
87.98
106.8
107.67
95.45
86.91
77.46
69.08
68.37
77.78
73.29
118.59
94.46
75.22
67.22
59.6
53.42
47.39
44.75
41.99
38.65
51.18
54.43
43.5
39.9
37.76
36.45
31.28
32.75
30.99
31.98
29.37
26.49
25.52
21.58
21.7
24.42
29.14
28.03
23.9
22.31
19.71
19.06
18.1
16.27
14.87
15.99
545.04
460.62
179.72
118.54
92.93
77.92
73.31
65.5
63.1
59.17
53.97
52.07
60.7
120.39
74.45
63.68
56.02
53.28
49.05
46.44
58.3
72.13
56.93
51.7
46.7
44.58
42.42
38.52
34.49
31.95
31.59
39.64
72.12
282.37
115.26
79.61
62.95
53.51
46.18
41.86
38.05
34.9
33.35
30.79
33.13
63.85
46.61
35.48
31.69
28.96
26.15
24.11
23.23
22.31
21.79
24.06
23.08
21.37
21.1
20.62
20.87
17.7
14.22
13.62
10.83
10.63
11.37
13.09
13.01
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
14.24
14.23
14.26
14.07
13.38
13.12
12.86
12.74
12.87
12.94
14.1
17.12
114.54
62.77
40.94
30.24
23.47
21.23
27.72
28.58
22.13
19.42
16.71
14.86
14.96
14.25
13.62
13.44
12.45
11.91
12.22
10.43
10.73
10.55
10.02
9.86
10
9.24
9.08
11.94
11.25
10.03
9.85
9.43
8.75
8.48
8.99
9.73
19.83
15.65
14.9
13.46
12.43
71.13
212.08
98.61
71.21
423.54
256.91
174.26
182.58
269.21
176.63
211.98
138.59
108.43
92.46
85.35
92.03
76.48
68.53
63.13
56.4
56.71
59.33
52.81
48.5
45.39
42.84
279.97
293.86
149.5
113.39
127.64
105.23
97.94
84.27
75.34
66.03
59.78
54.36
35
34.46
32.82
31.26
30.23
30.86
35.74
40.3
36.36
33.55
32.42
32.56
35.46
70.23
272.82
159.64
108.8
84.79
73.16
69.21
64.41
59.86
68.3
61.69
54.6
51.57
49.28
47.18
46.46
43.29
49.84
95.78
71.32
59.58
53.1
51.52
51.67
46.24
41.78
38.47
37.09
36.21
188.69
282.99
152.81
108.66
93.1
78.88
69.45
299.56
576.53
340.71
245.51
177.44
144.27
213.6
185.33
194.04
245.71
193.99
153.86
128.89
111.85
100.04
91.48
80.24
75.9
69.77
66.08
61.76
58.8
56.91
60.06
73.18
70.78
63
71.25
78.94
66.24
58.86
73.66
65.12
64.44
62.7
57.7
58.3
63.7
55.88
49.87
49.83
57.44
52.74
45.57
43.69
43.12
39.36
37.2
31.88
29.34
35.5
38.72
42.65
37.05
33.78
29.09
24.25
24
21.16
30.56
34.42
24.41
23.42
26.1
75.47
58.19
228.35
509.06
185.68
127.64
104.75
204.23
161.93
126.1
156.58
286.08
224.58
148.88
119.8
104.11
96.52
84.61
74.87
73.04
57.28
57.16
74
84.34
70.25
59.14
63.69
77.08
73.28
68.11
56.84
51.33
48.11
42.06
40.17
38.8
35.29
33.41
30.46
28.11
33.01
44.15
39.67
30.89
26.75
24.77
24.06
22.93
21.26
20.29
19.48
19.05
21.27
24.64
20.77
18.49
15.1
16.25
15.66
13.94
13.48
12.77
12.09
12.57
12.47
14.22
18.19
23.2
21.24
17.96
17.64
61.35
97.82
64.67
59.76
49.61
47.6
53.91
45.49
40.12
35.72
34.46
31.82
29.8
28.91
53.28
47.25
37.52
32.92
33.94
35.35
35.31
60.21
73.92
62.81
51.94
47.21
42.09
48.5
86.84
64.44
53.45
75.28
97.92
74.35
64.4
55.37
48.9
45.59
44.74
40.92
37.52
35.84
33.17
31.34
31.74
39.7
33.01
28.6
27.7
27.16
25.99
24.57
22.55
20.36
20.27
21.74
21.59
23.71
22.28
100.53
92.11
82.61
77.67
72.31
67.88
72.37
106.82
59.61
60.48
39.79
62.1
48.75
44.68
42.21
47.25
43.69
41.37
38.29
34.47
32.08
29.87
30.99
88.3
129.56
59.46
52.06
47.65
44.6
18.75
116.55
126.46
82.43
71.44
64.33
56.08
51.27
62.91
53.96
47.31
43.48
44.18
39.39
35.96
33.42
32.43
30.4
30.06
30.19
28.48
27.24
26.02
24.84
22.81
24.23
22.46
21.22
20.51
19.05
18.81
18.7
18.38
17.96
16.53
15.84
17.32
20.07
16.72
16.05
15.58
15.33
14.44
14.3
14.87
14.23
14.31
14.62
14.28
12.31
11.74
15.91
66.65
69.96
63.61
90.69
139.38
96.73
79.02
74.86
72.11
69.05
65.79
62.29
62.87
202.59
238.39
146.69
111.11
96.81
89.98
93.65
84.97
74.44
69.32
65.68
64.58
62.17
62.07
58.72
54.72
57.08
94.48
78
72.27
69.49
67.02
65.16
58.21
56.38
58.37
50.71
48.95
46.81
43.56
41.75
68.25
53.15
51.45
49.69
52.35
43.66
68.1
211.58
326.44
177.45
123.69
99.07
81.34
71.61
76.74
97.66
78.24
56.64
70.89
89.44
65.21
55.83
49.9
46.38
41.46
37.08
34.94
32.15
29.94
28.31
29.03
64.77
57.4
46.84
37.82
32.9
29.82
27.86
25.65
24.18
23.38
26.91
110.2
63.47
46.11
39.21
35.69
32.18
28.42
25.7
24.57
69.02
187.26
108.48
80.21
62.15
55.18
49.23
45.94
39.35
35.23
62.23
53.21
41.26
37.46
38.22
34.93
30.74
28.12
27.14
25.42
24.62
22.31
22.98
27.6
24.51
22.13
20.45
19.9
16.77
17.23
149.23
117.3
154.5
119.37
170.03
49.13
52.58
68.91
56.01
51.52
51.33
52.37
69.01
207.95
149.63
133.15
192.37
169.11
145.88
116.89
99.77
89.57
79.5
77.5
75.62
147.56
373.25
483.06
543.17
399.6
289.44
279.14
239.81
204.55
175.43
156.73
153.93
151.49
157.42
158.68
143.7
137
125.85
119.24
109.46
106.99
113.62
111.59
104.13
120.08
421.3
269.8
194.98
161.9
135.36
114.77
100.13
91.38
84.6
79.94
76.41
73.25
68.66
68.34
65.83
66.49
107.36
111.4
304.47
355.24
292.1
262.43
193.77
152.95
127.81
116.56
139.39
120.04
107.44
93.49
84.32
75.9
72.31
67.67
63.26
59.14
53.78
49.77
47.6
50.72
53.48
49.12
57.89
72.48
65.27
179.86
196.53
127.06
101.4
106.99
185.95
164.4
141.84
115.13
121.61
108.46
88.74
78.45
72.35
70.18
77.09
67.6
63.58
57.66
52.8
56.22
77.07
57.23
49.4
58.97
50.19
44.71
96.77
116.74
73.22
61.37
54.04
49
45.74
46.25
44.08
40.47
36.81
43.24
38.72
34.62
31.79
29.71
28.03
28.02
27.84
24.34
22.01
21.95
21
20.26
19.61
35.98
137.53
115.64
67.67
49.51
41.71
36.49
32.08
26.4
25.13
25.31
26.49
310.19
131.71
87.45
64.51
55.55
49.69
43.96
40.16
48.88
75.11
51.59
43
38.28
34.3
31.49
32.29
29.91
26.05
26.98
25.31
22.88
22.76
21.08
20.04
17.76
16.74
19.29
75.68
69.36
51.48
38.58
33.05
40.33
45.9
0
0
0
55.9
50.48
49.44
46.82
45.05
132.6
219.76
213.36
136.39
103.75
114.49
145.75
103.58
83.36
73.38
64.48
58.22
52.54
52.03
116.44
191.65
249.12
187.66
138.18
114.8
100.6
91.24
79.51
71.85
64.38
62.21
90.44
81.24
64.42
56.02
49.76
47.18
51.22
56.33
49.29
45.23
99.55
110.17
79.58
63.77
54.53
49.25
48.11
43.83
42.6
42.84
118.57
134.02
99.68
85.79
94.16
90.32
89
74.74
64.86
60.55
53.45
48.9
135.07
128.44
90.08
116.19
257.51
267.18
189.53
145.91
119.72
100
85.24
75.77
68.07
61.29
55.55
51.63
47.57
43.52
41.3
45.48
49.62
180.99
122.74
90.25
75.49
62.35
56.69
53.89
49.62
48.96
46.1
56.1
52.87
346.59
273.81
176.32
232.69
157.13
151.26
149.99
62.57
116.95
95.88
82.83
70.81
69.22
61.35
54.34
50.78
82.56
62.49
50.36
48.14
53.08
60.53
51.4
46.06
38.65
33.82
32.95
30.82
29.84
26.92
25.68
25.24
26.25
25.28
25.46
22.76
21.61
0
22.55
22.47
18.53
17.14
16.98
15.99
14.87
13.96
13.93
54.7
110.27
259.28
144.47
97.63
71.03
58.5
49.46
43.07
38.95
41.55
44.56
37.32
32.7
29.08
27.32
26.49
24.36
22.95
21.23
20.28
19.5
18.35
82.63
122.59
89.23
83.83
214.04
134.49
98.29
79.14
65.58
55.67
47.76
44.42
40.98
40.57
34.37
30.63
27.99
21.79
21.39
22.36
21.99
21.33
19.92
18.84
18
17.48
214.7
182.95
818.95
587.75
318
226.22
186.37
145.39
120.78
110.36
102.77
78.44
81.97
86.85
58.97
56.08
50.24
49.28
37.24
36.29
33.53
29.86
27.9
25.51
117.77
91.8
80.18
66.98
28.15
26.48
25.8
22.99
26.17
56.51
55.64
46.19
42.31
38.59
31.79
28.86
30.83
27.96
25.54
24.74
24.35
23.12
22.73
22.83
20.98
19.18
19.61
19.45
15.04
14.72
17.3
14.8
12.98
13.36
13.51
10.25
15.67
0
15.34
21.5
20.26
18.16
15.32
43.49
54.16
34.75
26.89
23.64
21.44
20.76
20.16
19.64
16.49
15.12
15.8
0
73.36
58.48
51.25
55.57
50.79
44.56
41.2
35.76
33.99
31.62
30.79
31.58
27.74
27.21
23.84
21.67
22.15
21
19.47
19.12
18.77
17.14
17.05
16.41
16.79
22.09
19.16
17.84
14.79
15.31
15.27
15.05
17.85
17.84
68.3
807.92
725.52
572.44
298.69
196.66
145.13
113.04
93.43
81.15
70.07
64.59
56.76
53.53
49.69
44.97
42.21
18.3
16.35
16.12
15.61
15.21
18.3
15.24
14.6
12.86
12.8
12.51
18.18
30.13
24.3
23.81
20.38
17.87
19.48
16.82
16.4
16.21
13.17
15.3
35.35
47.01
47.83
33.1
26.34
22.17
18.32
19.35
18.74
16.37
15.45
13.67
14.28
11.14
19.86
17.46
13.9
88.52
160.41
101.17
69.24
76.33
79
77.72
112.7
141.78
162.92
132.93
109.29
18.62
179.7
135.87
113.41
99.76
92.8
85.32
81.77
81.32
86.08
172.67
131.16
118.55
116.96
100.75
92.96
84.27
79.82
76.8
81.5
77.92
71.91
68.01
66.5
68.52
73.04
74.49
76.14
80.45
83.45
89.82
153.78
206.48
130.24
104.31
98.6
94.21
249.07
1318.94
2553.08
1309.11
781.25
480.18
345.72
321.34
550.67
679.09
419.93
293.15
156.41
134.61
169
152.31
139.26
124.81
96.66
90.09
84.49
79.39
74.57
67.51
61.26
56.79
60.35
54.54
55.86
53.23
48.06
45.04
38.77
37.1
34.53
34.52
34.95
76.42
56.38
42.65
52.66
44.42
39.66
35.86
32.38
29.56
53.52
40.84
394.25
271.84
148.75
101.45
80.97
106.05
588.49
280.87
168.67
125.24
116.05
96.2
79.87
71.21
61.5
56.18
55.55
53.02
46.69
42.39
39.77
36.76
34.54
31.35
30.25
29.25
30.54
1045.75
541.03
353.23
214.19
154.92
120.65
104.63
85.67
75.95
75.54
67.85
61.36
52.56
49.16
48.05
150.81
94.8
248.33
294.41
180.3
149.11
123.02
100.78
94
117.97
92.56
78.72
73.5
66.84
61.94
71.14
86.34
68.02
59.46
54.57
49.67
46.52
45.89
45.3
42.15
73.98
201.55
158.41
121.53
194.72
178.69
221.81
195.74
155.12
127.3
108.26
94.84
84.09
75.69
131.22
333
220.43
198.58
158
293.44
915.41
641.79
383.95
266.02
210.2
174.31
145.22
127.8
110.93
98.56
333.71
350.39
245.04
193.48
163.9
134.48
118.72
104.36
94.99
84.49
109.1
120.8
95.6
86.02
76.04
68.76
62.36
57.72
52.7
48.9
45.18
42.92
1210.39
985.82
382.17
238.57
311.22
257.21
219.31
600.73
573.89
341.25
246.57
200.94
218.22
180.47
155.39
144.03
144.36
625.45
344.32
231.86
179.7
155.71
141.91
129.37
133.97
124.08
125.36
117.7
108.88
103.23
98.94
94.81
96.42
129.45
317.32
312.02
239.23
203.71
201.28
189.01
156.28
137.21
141.8
216.62
183.59
178.42
149.19
131.64
118.75
107.45
99.99
94.99
87.03
88.61
101.44
92.1
80.94
67.68
61.11
94.3
104.76
104.12
89.4
74.34
68.92
67.7
64.89
58.76
54.17
50.95
48.47
45.37
43.29
41.5
37.83
41.91
135.98
647.29
255.07
151.51
113.8
96.44
84.09
71.37
62.46
140.52
771.9
749.99
344.19
245.13
197.88
160.13
222.01
184.4
141.75
119.3
101.77
88.4
78.28
69.39
64.09
59.91
56.51
54
53.66
51.62
49.85
70.85
459.22
266.77
175.07
124.7
107.79
89.99
78.99
68.4
56.86
51.21
61.89
55.39
42.17
44.79
38.9
37.72
37.83
34.51
32.5
29.28
30.42
29.27
27.91
26.24
28.7
31.5
47.58
56.12
32.25
33.56
97.86
72.25
54.51
48.54
44.86
41.82
35.25
195.61
138.57
112.6
91.12
80.78
67.82
60.58
58.63
56.26
45.5
44.71
44.07
172.45
224.21
121.94
92.75
75.83
64.23
58.7
49.47
54.37
45.9
41.24
32.35
32.22
33.25
34.17
57.61
143.67
139.99
104.22
81.98
126.3
126.16
93.21
77.8
69.18
60.26
56.05
51.15
47.15
44.86
42.18
49.16
167.48
202.33
177.57
124.14
99.95
91.54
126.01
98.62
111.21
176.56
219.8
230.88
249.4
199.4
149.99
120.38
109.39
108.47
104.19
89.19
79.02
73.85
68.97
63.23
56.96
52.44
64.01
75.17
63.11
56.6
52.24
48.98
44.53
43.06
37.38
42.87
45.75
37.49
35.39
32.33
32.79
30.07
28.93
28.15
27.61
25.73
24.89
24.45
131.45
159.51
122.36
86.16
88.58
78.62
66.21
57.43
47.71
65.53
287.13
231.45
161.16
124.29
101.2
85.31
272.43
300
219.81
170.14
138.48
177.56
287.1
191.15
147.81
122.1
105.09
104.1
100.78
93.46
146.92
263.84
168.22
124.43
101.97
89.74
87.29
88.33
85.46
77.65
72.26
69.51
68.37
67.89
71.16
71.63
69.82
69.48
69.87
70.84
69.55
129.91
256.27
262.98
217.41
222.26
156.8
126.19
185.47
369.92
268.3
239.29
197.29
158.99
134.19
118.02
105.87
104.52
122.74
190.81
149.4
126.35
124.06
119.47
100.58
90.7
82.95
75.41
69.44
68.85
67.21
65.63
62.59
58.98
56.64
54.99
50.52
46.18
46.39
45.84
55.62
64.63
47.61
42.55
40.78
39.29
37.21
36.1
34.83
35.19
41.48
39.98
38.04
34.85
35.03
39.13
31.52
28.18
25.94
24.49
23.29
36.05
95.47
65.97
61.98
56.19
47.35
41.6
37.58
34.24
33.16
27.96
25.07
24.32
22.48
20.54
18.66
18.69
16.99
15.66
14.11
12.77
12
11.37
12.52
16.99
28.81
76.46
54.53
35.14
30.52
24.38
21.14
92.11
54.76
38.94
29.65
24.47
21.29
17.26
17.47
14.04
13.84
12.93
12.26
11.71
19.82
69.31
46.94
40.44
30.06
23.36
21.34
18.52
16.68
169.23
211.12
117.37
85.8
65.75
52.44
44.82
37.52
31.47
28.18
24.94
25.46
20.58
19.09
16.26
16.48
56.54
176.24
97.18
63.23
48.41
44.85
39.53
32.02
26.85
24.97
20.92
18.32
17.6
15.91
15.21
14.27
15.05
93.63
353.41
162.09
95.31
70.93
58.8
52.98
47.06
42.71
44.09
39.13
115.87
186.33
103.7
77.12
64.76
60.21
52.54
56.33
53.1
46.91
42.29
39.84
36.42
33.98
32.57
30.75
29.07
27.96
26.51
26.36
24.97
23.79
22.44
22.23
22.87
22.72
20.97
20.04
19.18
18.98
17.88
17.71
31.46
144.89
80.22
72.03
69.61
91.06
81.94
75.59
60.57
53.28
47.49
43.77
39.66
51.04
317.45
180.61
122.03
92.07
75.61
67.16
62.75
61.91
60.95
63.72
59.25
50.73
46.74
42.57
40.48
39.59
38.62
42.19
41.96
39.39
36.61
34.9
34.09
33.68
33.27
34.15
34.42
34.82
35.02
34.7
34.18
33.52
31.34
28.9
26.98
28.45
29.71
30.31
30.1
33.04
48.77
38.33
60.76
54.24
52.22
54.54
52.91
60.14
52.75
45.64
39.99
36.19
35.01
32.59
30.2
88
82.23
215.2
132.38
86.4
108.63
76.33
65.57
58.87
52.69
49.21
44.34
39.88
36.02
33.09
30.28
28.41
68.78
165.09
83.43
64.95
58.04
69.28
74.34
60.7
55.95
184.34
169.05
99.09
78.19
75.48
74.81
67.5
58.85
52.39
48.22
43.91
40.44
39.11
44.18
45.83
40.8
37.28
34.87
32
29.42
27.74
25.62
24.46
26.69
23.94
22.3
21.1
19.86
18.74
18.49
17.49
18.18
17.6
16.83
16.1
42.3
49.42
43.7
36.06
29.93
27.59
27.78
24.43
21.63
20.06
17.73
16.06
14.64
14.84
14.83
14.27
14.33
15.03
15.16
15.74
46.44
74.76
45.54
33.24
30.24
60.54
147.98
71.65
53.99
43.56
38.04
32.74
29.23
27.02
24.37
22.39
20.66
27.12
101.74
87.66
61.16
105.68
212.29
114.82
80.7
67.24
66.01
57.39
49.75
44.12
39.53
35.86
33.35
32.31
29.27
26.73
24.34
22.81
22.06
55.75
131.07
81.79
102.11
341
187.87
125.65
103.76
82.48
73.14
63.64
56.23
51.52
45.62
41.72
38.63
36.75
34.91
33.59
30.98
28.53
28.02
25.33
25.09
22.88
23
59.57
53.09
37.69
32.28
30.32
42.46
53.35
52.12
42.32
38.16
33.87
32.96
28.02
28.92
90.37
80.65
63.29
52.98
45.84
40.54
38.03
34.71
31.96
29.28
27.14
25.45
24.21
22.54
21.7
37.34
79.68
54.96
65.36
70.29
58.09
48.17
43.33
37.61
112.72
104.04
256.61
179.84
153.25
155.74
137.15
242.77
896.99
553.96
360.8
604.63
1316.88
904.05
663.34
589.05
444.33
342.67
282.91
1136.29
744.59
539.96
423.33
329.72
263.87
217.09
335.11
1083.48
873.16
756.47
596.19
469.14
371.96
314.04
421.24
378.85
268.29
201.38
168.85
136.93
115.85
103.21
95.74
87.19
79.67
73.19
69.04
64.54
60.86
57.08
55.18
52.34
50.83
47.33
46.41
42.83
42.23
44.88
42.66
39.12
61.56
59.08
50.16
44.8
43.35
53.25
47.08
53.17
57.5
61.2
53.91
53.44
45.95
41.79
39.3
38.13
35.83
33.52
31.21
294.45
181.33
89.77
66.63
58.92
51.28
43.12
39.2
35.76
33.11
30.74
28.88
28.24
26.71
25.29
23.87
22.83
22.62
21.14
20.06
18.69
19.02
18.48
17.2
16.72
15.74
16.23
87.78
64.3
41.63
33.78
27.71
24.31
21.39
19.43
18.53
17.55
16.45
15.34
14.74
13
10.04
9.25
25.26
105.44
49.13
34.74
27.02
24.38
21.51
19.38
17.24
15.99
14.44
13.27
12.68
12.57
11.15
10.73
10.24
9.72
9.36
8.52
7.75
7.62
7.53
6.93
6.73
6.76
6.28
59.28
85.79
36.62
24.45
18.64
14.95
12.28
11.55
25.73
17.33
13.07
11.2
64.4
135.17
120.12
153.65
107.35
68.5
51.51
43.97
37.43
30.93
27.09
23.15
22.31
190.38
133.77
68.29
51.65
42.96
37.38
34.81
50.09
44.43
35.28
30.07
25.82
22.14
18.43
192.01
378.72
313.55
131.06
88.67
72.59
65.75
58.71
85.88
125.45
208.56
150.33
107.01
94.27
82.75
77.71
67.26
59.17
54.02
52.15
54.38
48.5
45.85
44.21
42.31
44.25
40.07
37.34
34.27
31.96
31.31
29.23
28.84
28.14
28.05
25.91
26.42
54.02
91.72
63.1
79.42
78.32
60.38
51.49
45.62
41.85
38.99
36.94
36.53
36.47
49.06
50.39
62.47
54.09
127.51
168.38
98.9
66.96
52.36
45.03
47.12
40.51
35.88
32.78
30.33
27.47
26.01
24.43
23.59
22.43
21.58
19.63
18.41
19.19
31.46
45.88
176.06
91.26
62.87
49.39
40.83
918.85
391.47
202.18
143.86
114.23
94.88
82.57
69.64
63.02
56.89
51.54
46.13
43.17
40.31
37.59
36.66
50.48
59.29
86.45
74.58
54.51
48.4
42.71
39.42
36.92
33.89
31.05
29.65
29.52
27.67
25.54
24.31
23.26
22.13
19.82
18.89
17.98
17.28
17.38
16.85
16.16
15.57
14.22
17.79
39.43
29.81
21.91
18.75
15.95
15.27
13.76
13.29
27.5
30.96
23.6
20.35
17.37
16.72
16.09
15.07
14.05
13.32
12.8
12.42
22.45
28.3
31.22
66.19
1088.87
488.1
180.16
168.72
161.98
130.94
111.45
98.7
86.53
78.4
71.75
67.13
64.34
203.21
179.76
127.68
117.1
173.54
129.15
107.35
93.56
84.24
75.66
69
65.33
60.22
56.82
54.63
50.87
48.53
51.93
154.43
117.93
90.78
78.03
71.48
82.1
88.49
80.32
76.69
77.64
69.67
64.72
59.49
64.88
113.89
90.9
76.72
67.91
61.95
57.05
53.14
49.26
173.53
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11.82
11.46
11.7
11.9
11.92
10.28
9.64
10.45
10.55
9.23
9.76
8.53
7.83
7.54
6.41
7.3
7.27
6.98
5.63
5.78
6.92
7.64
7.37
6.15
6.04
5.99
5.75
5.45
5.19
4.69
4.72
4.9
4.86
4.79
5.95
5.03
4.25
3.9
4.25
4.14
4.02
4.06
3.66
3.82
3.4
2.86
3.37
7.2
24.55
17.05
14.27
10.45
37.18
43.97
23.92
18.87
15.49
13.87
13.54
12.32
11.01
11.51
11.69
9.73
8.8
33.06
31.42
29.96
28.35
33.04
117.4
152.24
137.67
125.97
106.92
87.56
77.87
77.52
79.14
64.25
58.04
51.82
43.47
40.16
35.76
201.58
221.16
134.74
111.49
103
86.67
118.02
222.74
166.14
177.26
295.48
226.5
220.1
231.79
178.62
245.33
412.39
347.29
310.47
238.36
261.77
1054.54
848.41
790.75
447.3
290.96
229.75
198.52
450.87
540.33
498.56
396.68
276.63
217.97
172.13
163.16
130.16
110.3
138.11
113.17
92.18
81.42
72.96
69.26
66.52
61.84
57.55
69.4
59.86
53.57
48.9
45.1
54.26
51.44
57.97
54.55
48.09
42.74
40.82
42.07
46.28
39.73
37.47
35.03
32.9
39.97
39.64
33.76
32.04
30.89
29.75
28.29
25.44
36.22
86.31
446.7
416.19
237.94
252.92
209.64
259.93
355.36
468.63
449.25
264.66
243.31
204.76
176.36
158.51
240.6
213.07
175.52
149.86
133.61
120.1
109.84
103.12
95.56
91.98
84.79
82.94
75.68
72.18
105.27
116.48
118.46
95.76
82.16
70.12
64.96
59.39
56.91
60.82
53.66
47.82
44.3
40.97
39.18
37.7
37.97
37.19
34.45
32.19
31.74
31.02
28.4
26.99
30.62
31.16
27.46
28.38
27.56
26.66
31.04
36.57
32.82
30.22
30.02
33.24
31.93
29.55
28.15
26.94
26.67
25.6
40.22
110.36
56.91
40.49
35.8
33.35
31.35
28.39
26.17
24.38
22.73
20.7
19.68
17.82
17.27
16.65
16.21
28.1
159.31
115.8
112.79
103.08
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
132.06
50.58
404.06
196.08
56.6
98.82
38.91
28.21
52.07
73.2
39.96
47.71
34.93
78.07
43.17
51.89
61.8
59.78
49.85
45.45
48.99
65.27
56.85
31.56
40.24
58.07
0
31.21
65.53
57.83
52.62
33.47
50.88
40.82
55.11
33.93
49.27
47.87
65.1
37.63
67.29
72.8
69.82
37.31
54.26
85.54
75.53
37.74
82.7
60.71
81.49
40.22
46.41
64.34
89.83
42.3
67.8
109.6
97.35
46.25
159.57
50.08
640.99
50.39
177.63
490.31
26.78
55.81
191.59
67.07
28.18
66.7
209.1
53.12
31.47
82.78
0
125.65
33.36
29.02
256.63
62.79
37.18
24.57
0
57.34
41.17
26.33
347.23
62.25
46.89
68.53
28.95
63.28
53.97
93.49
22.41
63.82
66.02
29.28
26.3
63.84
17.93
30.14
18.6
69.76
51.34
42.81
18.82
58.6
54.43
43.22
19.77
72.84
57.34
46.73
20.52
61.03
81.93
48.6
20.94
56.63
90.04
52.24
21.89
63.8
81.25
56.68
22.79
54.82
48.05
60.63
38.95
66.92
51.34
64.78
40.12
56.45
49.93
72.21
60.6
70.4
50.44
72.78
69.39
58.06
54.45
68.41
96.36
71.92
59.25
75.75
26.03
58.16
65.07
83.58
36.23
71.2
72.24
93.25
24.88
59.51
84.16
106.99
26.28
73.65
99.58
229.85
23.84
62.1
73.86
270.15
33.38
78.69
87.28
158.21
38.91
62.71
76.81
216.59
34.9
79.96
58.91
0
29.66
65.34
82.21
0
30.5
85.5
92.52
0
32.83
68.3
105.78
0
35.82
94.22
67.52
0
37.06
70.96
72.47
30.02
41.57
107.73
83.37
90.36
47.27
0
141.54
503.22
122.07
0
71.87
8
WINEPRESS April 2015
|
9
The graph on page 9 (cover ng a years s nce 1960) shows us how ser ous h s year s drough was The purp e co our nd ca es when C ass C r gh s were urned o and C ass B r gh s were res r c ed The red shows when C ass C and B r gh s were unava ab e – a ec ng a 123 consen ho ders nc ud ng he Sou hern Va eys Irr ga on Scheme As you can see 2014/15 was he second wors year or res r c ed wa er use w h 2000/01be ng he wors shu ng down access or c ose o a mon h n o a Many peop e have been ask ng – why can he Sou hern Va eys Irr ga on Scheme be ex ended – maybe a commun y s orage ac y cou d be crea ed draw ng wa er rom he Wa rau dur ng w n er o a ow or back up n he case o a dry summer such as h s one? Tha s a good heory Va says bu no qu e so prac ca He says where n
he va ey wou d a s orage ac y go? When ns ga ed back n 2004 var ous s orage op ons were nves ga ed mos y n va eys o he sou h or wes o he scheme However here was nsu fic en suppor or s orage op ons o make hem v ab e a he me and a subsequen survey carr ed ou by Counc a ew years a er s a ed o ge enough suppor Un or una e y he ab y o ex end he scheme now and a ow more peop e on o s no easy due o he ex s ng p pe ne work The ur her ou he p pes go he sma er hey become he says us ng a road ng ne work o descr be h s po n “C ose o he c y you have a our ane h ghway say wh ch as you rave ur her away becomes a wo ane hen once you ge ou n o he coun rys de you may urn o on o grave roads I s he same w h he p pework or he scheme C ose o he pump he p pes are much
arger han hey are a he end o he ne work ” I a s orage ac y was bu up one o he va eys now a s gn fican por on o he p ped ne work wou d need o be rep aced n order o convey he wa er o and rom he reservo r No one s o b ame or he scheme no u ure proofing se back a he beg nn ng As Va says ew wa er schemes n New Zea and have been ab e o a ord u ure proofing The n a cos s have o be p cked up by hose nvo ved w h he hope ha hey w be re urned n he u ure Bu n he mean me n eres cos s are borne by he n a nves ors “There s an unders andab e concern or hose nvo ved ”Va says “Why shou d he n a par c pan s ns a b gger op ons a he ou se or hose who d dn wan o suppor he scheme a he beg nn ng bu may wan o come on a er?”
WAIHOPAI RIVER WATER ALLOCATION HISTORICAL AVAILABILITY
WA HOPA R VER ALLOCAT ON AVA LAB L TY Class C unavailable, class B restricted
1960-61 1961-62 1962-63 1963-64 1964-65 1965-66 1966-67 1967-68 1968-69 1969-70 1970-71 1971-72 1972-73 1973-74 1974-75 1975-76 1976-77 1977-78 1978-79 1979-80 1980-81 1981-82 1982-83 1983-84 1984-85 1985-86 1986-87 1987-88 1988-89 1989-90 1990-91 1991-92 1992-93 1993-94 1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08
10
|
O
N
Class B & C unavailable, class A restricted
m
D
Class A, B, & C unavailable
m
M
A
M
28587
27668
26328
22320
24034
47976
39092
33240
27364
23166
19549
17822
34841
45113
44196
34792
27364
22710
19551
17278
15932
13415
12519
11448
10764
10173
9939
9071
8839
12398
15455
11431
9315
9097
8778
10687
10084
11769
16464
12867
11051
10046
8548
8216
12860
24559
18817
18364
14315
12157
11166
10099
8828
7978
7729
7846
7515
7483
7039
6663
6180
7190
7841
6908
6773
6394
6387
6116
5561
5396
5869
5320
5313
5135
4829
4812
4988
4848
5712
5266
5077
5348
4775
4601
4733
4851
5017
4936
4476
4448
6172
5228
4787
4651
4353
4576
4344
3864
4181
3957
3874
3762
3740
3641
3969
3769
3604
3614
14232
40578
18114
17790
58952
27356
22502
15575
11289
9941
8876
7787
7485
7321
7984
6963
6240
11735
32671
24866
17971
13651
11215
9750
8150
7612
7483
7294
6365
6130
6608
6153
5973
5718
5421
5288
5386
5315
5245
5174
5104
5033
4963
10131
5975
5124
5812
14503
73797
29778
34720
23338
17601
16932
13254
13080
12179
11250
10398
9034
9035
7798
6840
7199
7310
7262
53656
35062
20570
16893
13990
11945
11421
10422
10167
16215
20846
13479
11952
10092
9159
8992
8369
7761
7498
7057
7144
6903
8115
7327
7992
11828
8739
8273
7201
6951
6387
5907
5274
4444
5191
5215
4819
4393
4331
4267
4150
4155
4014
3975
3751
3705
4028
4113
7590
29393
37094
30113
17816
12550
10302
8168
7084
6674
5919
5693
5419
5157
5032
4656
4779
4379
4057
4028
3920
27364
23577
21556
20867
19150
18559
17172
14286
12539
11833
11393
11166
11296
11613
14643
15309
13130
11395
10400
9864
9305
10292
8797
7840
8579
8037
9559
47571
24967
14145
10972
10113
9720
8310
7452
7389
7227
7189
8667
8863
13705
26345
19828
11951
9139
7575
10707
12176
8058
7208
6358
5853
5423
5074
4896
4800
4492
4485
4555
17037
17268
9814
7914
6407
5779
5581
4938
4278
4420
4275
4216
4222
3703
4708
4133
3947
7879
4570
4297
3688
3530
3403
3233
3438
3205
3147
3118
3276
3220
2862
2944
?
?
?
?
5639
4649
12981
8529
6378
5565
5122
4314
5299
76892
157296
35325
19331
12542
10085
7712
6794
6417
48984
26615
16961
12411
9458
8496
6972
6819
6373
6297
6040
5065
4602
4685
4317
4107
4000
3827
3606
3701
3919
4229
4189
3935
3809
3717
3659
3446
3391
3329
3319
3309
3279
3249
3220
3060
3032
2902
3179
3249
4890
46156
14848
7986
6701
6140
14917
32934
38965
23142
21501
17644
12705
9895
8171
7120
6186
5855
5611
5277
4812
4603
4395
4186
3953
3824
3794
3687
3643
3543
3360
3329
3319
3272
3007
3055
3279
3220
3400
3902
3080
2842
2902
24533
23785
10975
9094
8152
6699
5945
5319
4877
4663
4337
4094
3966
3983
16310
134384
68333
43637
31897
109189
76893
45942
36899
29491
24571
22139
19627
15965
13211
11438
10292
9261
10061
30979
49154
59390
34045
26241
20458
17281
14361
13484
11946
10677
11622
9568
55899
16205
45063
53946
186381
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3333
3760
7760
5236
3948
3546
3518
3124
2782
2647
2230
2302
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2004
2128
2164
2020
2078
1948
1855
1863
12463
9854
4899
3548
3928
3405
2882
2733
2557
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2088
2042
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1958
1892
3353
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2882
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2321
2327
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2137
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1958
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12656
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3161
2640
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2161
1940
1780
1605
1676
1708
1886
2523
2151
1819
1669
1741
1541
1377
1475
1872
1450
1441
1288
1264
1357
1612
2183
2453
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10966
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5681
4228
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3161
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2385
2416
2575
2281
2263
3413
2213
2046
1951
1653
1873
2527
1827
1643
1504
1334
1953
1500
1264
2494
50841
18715
12261
16137
12878
10385
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2322
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3140
2817
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2912
2564
2364
2125
2012
1795
1691
1486
1991
1985
2906
2284
15580
6990
4696
3494
2865
2426
2119
2017
1759
1702
14645
8057
5235
18474
29681
20045
10466
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2623
2643
2616
2548
2412
2286
2309
2357
2293
2238
2271
2255
2229
2074
2062
2019
1966
1911
2005
2024
1995
1929
1866
1911
1903
6497
3500
2713
2428
2074
1985
2134
38120
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13939
20062
12305
9786
8580
7246
6266
5640
5490
13124
31324
17201
12586
10102
10305
8912
8598
12615
10605
28753
230538
81213
38526
25058
19274
15911
15455
13312
14230
15510
12540
11223
15355
15983
15019
13251
12149
20171
15894
13688
18643
18055
14756
12967
11508
10570
9577
8835
8084
7954
10683
9638
8174
7711
7170
6854
7077
6379
5897
5966
8960
6879
6347
6458
5842
5417
5053
4797
4548
4215
4131
4291
4115
8688
14306
11464
10355
36198
18963
13272
10813
9492
8151
7373
6856
6239
5718
5436
5082
4825
6331
5995
16398
14194
9440
8664
8145
7245
6735
5986
5466
5068
6565
11312
7652
7355
6497
6174
9212
7144
6109
5416
4980
4622
4333
4094
5181
8564
18619
10141
7860
6621
6133
6217
5320
4801
4501
4105
3738
3590
3850
3398
3183
3021
2931
3627
4951
6557
5809
5052
5698
4844
4206
3821
3557
3271
2999
2776
2689
2656
2625
2774
6603
4876
3700
3380
3127
3097
4778
3592
3108
2935
2778
2625
2483
3416
3611
2909
2670
2554
2445
2360
2275
2201
2143
2107
2105
2045
1979
1956
2351
5148
7863
4816
12665
23770
30103
16422
11951
9502
7851
6773
5989
5548
5533
5632
4845
4464
4178
4008
3743
3547
3353
3242
3936
3627
55768
32533
18073
12734
10089
8233
6990
6096
5602
15077
16901
14690
11954
34540
42421
98691
300506
107314
93195
117722
74832
42422
45649
33561
26158
100566
50446
30270
22930
18699
15758
14598
13337
12072
10728
9991
9098
8457
7930
7739
7842
7553
7100
7015
7295
6518
6054
5990
5635
5311
5173
4922
4606
4626
4262
4179
4515
3974
3722
3785
3610
3354
3181
3093
2989
2816
2726
3289
2919
2722
2822
2653
2548
2427
2370
2198
2087
2011
2008
2144
3084
3315
2839
2930
2924
2530
2305
22521
32750
14526
14996
9938
7680
6366
5968
6062
7188
7860
6525
5395
4763
4373
3924
3615
3462
3413
3150
3068
7300
6388
4348
3855
3473
3172
2965
3405
3361
2859
2700
2650
2500
2460
23359
23486
10613
7616
6463
5796
4858
4317
4011
3829
3539
3504
3541
3354
3935
3272
3036
2878
2766
2771
2972
3506
3083
2794
11763
9758
6419
5005
4356
3845
3498
3249
3255
8728
10755
6610
5131
4318
8277
27222
27852
13961
9775
7547
6407
5395
4765
4419
4106
3792
3595
3497
3281
3099
2942
2822
2682
2567
2450
2357
2380
2323
2226
2158
2096
2050
3348
6916
4096
3173
2845
2623
248
WINEPRESS April 2015
3322
3961
8066
19919
6949
4100
4569
6224
10745
4589
5361
3015
33890
4442
5600
3113
11123
4507
5946
3614
58538
4914
6296
3089
13207
5437
6746
2883
40583
5722
7228
2942
16547
5247
8611
2993
9687
5411
9228
3119
22470
4748
8287
3548
10923
5155
9117
3659
33954
2860
4356
6006
12826
3114
4708
5203
62377
3448
5019
5365
15972
4063
5674
6345
17315
4681
9036
6134
5460
5969
5180
3993
38576
6731
4228
4269
22445
2833
4999
4615
5700
2719
8811
5196
54505
2813
4399
2927
49464
2993
3800
2997
6506
3967
3842
3066
8296
4305
4103
3240
82462
4535
4053
3429
8730
37788
31301
3493
3855
4883
26638
3454
3457
3491
14621
3543
2750
9406
17606
3733
2834
8183
44931
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14785
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32937
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However this year has been a wakeup call, and he says there are now a number of people realising the fragility of their water supplies in a dry year, who are very keen to be able to join up. Some additional connections have been made available on a last on, first off basis, within the existing capacity of the scheme, and providing the original scheme participants are not affected. If there is sufficient interest Council would consider extending, or enlarging scheme capacity, including revisiting storage options.
The Waihopai River has a total of 58 consents -16 Class C consents, 26 Class B and 16 Class C. The graph left again shows just how low river levels became over summer, with the purple indicating Class C restrictions, red signalling Class B restrictions and black showing when all consents were withdrawn. Again the restrictions weren’t as bad as they were in 2000/01, but the timing of the restrictions were, given February was when the fruit was undergoing veraison – a period when water is essential for fruit development. In terms of the Awatere, which most think of as the driest sub region of Marlborough, it was a slightly different story.Val says 175 water consents relate to the Awatere River; 90 A, 65
The Rest Of Marlborough For those drawing water from the Waihopai River, it was a similar story to the Wairau, in terms of consents being withdrawn.
B and 20 C. At no stage this summer were the Class A consents withdrawn, and B consents had just a few days during February when their water was restricted. So where to from here? There will be a need to discuss the options of community water storage. And it is inevitable more and more growers will be considering on-property storage as well. In the meantime, we hope the winter months bring enough rain to replenish aquifers in the region, which are at extremely low levels.
AWATERE RIVER HISTORICAL AVAILABILITY OF WATER ALLOCATION CLASSES BASED ON WARMP RULES Class C unavailable, class B restricted
O 1989-90 1990-91 1991-92 1992-93 1993-94 1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01
N
Class B & C unavailable, class A restricted
m
D
Class A, B, & C unavailable
m
No data available
M
A
M
14.994
15.172
14.188
15.579
14.004
11.442
11.487
55.15
42.595
28.795
21.064
24.206
19.324
15.935
14.97
17.899
16.62
25.408
22.353
20.454
19.019
31.815
34.161
27.221
21.59
18.366
17.786
15.117
14.21
14.552
17.494
14.225
14.281
14.012
14.038
11.88
11.593
11.677
12.632
14.419
13.199
10
8.697
8.173
7.788
7.375
7.445
7.93
7.315
8.063
9.349
8.574
8.143
9.136
18.186
11.219
9.388
8.256
7.572
7.412
7.933
6.912
6.454
6.172
6.797
8.927
9.577
6.921
6.121
5.71
5.296
5.1
5.095
4.941
4.906
6.387
62.186
36.627
23.406
20.324
17.657
16.52
16.447
13.7
13.826
14.154
12.206
10.859
14.567
13.586
11.537
10.611
9.983
9.369
8.879
8.568
9.246
8.645
8.184
7.985
8.015
11.45
8.593
7.919
7.512
7.529
7.44
6.94
25.421
24.746
14.568
10.185
8.785
8.665
8.358
7.85
7.284
6.838
6.722
6.639
7.151
7.237
6.323
5.884
5.57
5.656
5.543
5.077
5.382
5.583
7.149
6.862
5.746
5.951
5.811
5.939
6.506
10.524
15.639
11.331
11.272
6.815
5.959
5.229
4.689
4.558
4.219
4.302
4.07
4.623
4.299
4.16
3.668
3.333
3.224
3.052
2.78
2.524
2.524
4.023
4.171
3.551
3.256
7.408
14.107
6.645
5.252
4.299
3.894
3.685
5.626
4.664
3.881
3.426
3.589
3.598
3.632
3.378
3.137
2.958
2.838
2.787
2.776
2.737
2.723
2.579
2.574
2.582
2.511
2.493
6.488
5.735
4.02
3.562
3.321
3.09
2.919
2.889
3.002
2.88
3.141
3.275
3.202
2.694
2.999
9.589
19.271
10.522
7.849
76.901
40.027
21.692
36.047
59.374
31.887
22.733
17.042
13.522
11.798
10.626
9.5
8.55
7.918
7.483
7.024
6.654
6.246
5.964
5.849
5.636
5.537
40.877
30.456
19.571
15.891
13.339
12.54
10.937
10.002
9.086
8.569
8.14
8.791
9.689
9.441
9.411
9.461
9.939
10.323
8.615
7.858
7.971
7.532
9.28
12.109
16.431
23.041
20.47
12.633
10.955
10.081
11.54
9.61
8.741
8.783
7.63
7.693
8.421
8.051
7.282
7.043
6.82
22.823
19.924
14.478
11.652
10.433
10.497
9.116
8.337
7.724
7.467
7.737
7.352
15.491
31.212
21.99
16.518
12.698
10.986
11.877
70.234
88.744
63.846
45.96
36.587
29.254
33.264
27.799
25.158
28.676
32.456
25.177
21.869
19.369
16.556
14.932
13.576
12.307
11.038
11.132
11.019
11.088
10.387
11.997
10.821
8.617
7.941
8.385
7.444
6.976
7.675
8.208
8.415
11.454
9.233
7.575
7.831
7.666
6.813
6.45
6.839
6.529
5.793
5.538
6.095
6.289
5.591
5.157
4.847
4.779
4.874
4.898
4.846
4.551
4.303
4.069
3.919
3.893
3.833
15.695
8.408
5.743
5.169
7.3
7.62
5.993
19.617
28.361
14.849
11.055
9.131
21.108
14.786
11.883
13.295
15.297
12.846
10.643
9.461
8.321
7.888
7.377
6.655
6.086
5.843
11.068
51.562
22.351
15.771
13.101
12.976
13.98
32.5
19.235
13.755
11.354
9.894
10.106
12.65
9.154
8.132
7.474
7.309
6.843
13.524
15.108
10.485
9.072
7.742
6.993
6.416
6.066
5.81
5.648
5.311
5.541
12.572
8.159
6.556
5.907
5.579
5.236
5.027
4.86
4.746
4.59
4.556
4.647
5.417
5.28
6.46
8.47
6.587
5.446
4.896
11.292
9.311
7.025
5.987
5.477
5.732
7.283
8.069
11
11.187
10.295
10.754
9.75
8.374
11.679
9.398
8.552
9.115
8.721
7.746
8.138
11.318
10.296
8.82
8.091
7.301
7.067
16.028
22.498
17.617
14.612
24.555
20.047
15.976
13.715
12.917
11.599
10.408
9.475
8.651
8.075
7.485
6.939
6.56
6.445
6.147
5.785
5.529
5.402
5.25
5.062
4.95
4.803
4.717
4.701
4.91
5.874
5.95
15.089
13.838
13.205
12.491
12.091
12.038
11.664
11.479
13.975
14.667
12.346
11.292
10.777
11.079
9.722
10.733
12.46
16.24
14.25
11.196
10.273
10.152
10.092
9.599
8.894
8.664
8.635
21.055
24.006
15.977
13.257
12.155
13.022
22.055
17.742
15.614
15.599
17.153
14.331
13.225
11.489
10.348
9.308
9.546
9.278
8.905
8.214
7.774
7.77
7.38
7.272
6.877
6.84
6.74
6.741
6.386
6.057
5.838
7.956
31.077
20.898
15.877
12.339
10.301
9.262
8.363
8.773
12.131
19.002
29.009
19.745
15.556
14.588
16.227
12.864
12.953
12.543
12.565
11.357
10.435
9.884
10.165
11.359
10.151
8.996
8.331
9.713
18.385
12.74
12.044
17.294
27.939
33.026
23.733
17.735
13.941
11.651
10.42
10.655
10.286
9.517
9.078
8.167
7.84
8.563
7.933
6.939
6.602
6.51
6.572
6.021
5.772
5.59
5.294
5.189
5.215
11.361
18.464
9.625
7.497
6.227
5.64
5.321
4.96
4.731
4.488
4.248
20.825
21.108
10.789
8.613
7.658
6.844
6.344
5.938
5.555
5.549
13.767
21.452
11.469
8.98
7.759
7.084
7.771
7.5
6.342
5.881
5.704
5.506
5.12
5.044
5.428
5.835
5.09
4.606
4.452
4.262
4.148
3.965
5.784
6.371
4.628
4.296
4.897
8.794
5.64
4.703
10.409
17.01
11.965
14.992
12.36
9.783
9.629
8.142
7.317
6.671
6.263
5.904
5.591
5.269
5.085
4.747
4.577
4.454
4.787
5.386
6.417
6.904
7.339
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
3.645
3.628
3.667
3.604
3.533
3.45
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
7.777
0.001
13.789
16.63
17.884
15.405
15.219
17.36
18.479
27.037
39.002
29.244
33.004
33.736
30.103
22.55
19.657
17.807
19.167
19.902
22.101
23.724
28.167
42.302
60.334
67.907
63.374
46.506
34.446
29.412
25.084
22.189
23.274
25.552
25.553
25.398
23.606
19.735
18.638
17.892
16.525
16.052
17.383
17.074
16.102
17.103
18.628
24.461
20.573
21.065
23.839
20.202
17.14
16.183
14.65
13.559
13.124
12.634
12.178
11.566
11.593
11.654
11.929
17.166
14.595
41.312
33.316
40.132
39.913
28.216
23.287
20.926
19.588
18.809
17.536
15.651
13.745
13.047
12.941
12.465
12.117
11.491
11.111
10.682
10.68
11.066
15.402
14.697
12.942
17.463
14.46
13.444
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7.404
6.884
6.518
6.241
6.001
5.784
5.705
6.194
8.093
6.639
5.956
7.91
13.607
6.956
6.519
6.69
6.435
6.144
6.978
20.515
26.309
25.681
33.468
20.507
16.125
14.118
12.537
10.961
10.072
9.44
8.981
8.186
7.58
7.379
16.42
12.205
9.453
10.508
9.282
8.126
10.614
12.671
9.975
11.833
19.397
13.59
13.335
13.079
11.552
22.857
44.29
30.28
21.313
16.488
25.398
66.634
60.609
58.916
41.027
29.489
21.361
18.164
55.878
73.512
79.957
57.69
42.371
32.105
25.417
22.44
17.514
15.743
17.892
17.347
16.614
15.614
13.489
11.557
10.501
9.31
12.193
17.412
11.957
10.197
9.294
8.818
9.168
10.475
11.17
9.077
8.143
7.522
6.966
6.793
6.429
6.398
6.258
6.669
5.937
15.699
11.029
8.845
8.035
7.201
6.51
6.261
6.7
6.912
18.362
29.026
19.415
14.437
11.889
16.249
14.617
11.445
9.974
8.718
7.855
7.248
6.866
6.626
6.403
5.956
5.776
5.482
5.193
5.242
5.991
7.984
13.685
10.96
7.586
6.453
6.379
47.9
23.24
16.12
13.214
11.782
10.63
9.675
8.92
8.229
7.446
6.926
6.462
6.438
6.095
5.807
6.097
11.296
11.506
13.548
14.943
12.719
10.008
8.671
8.037
7.34
6.714
6.151
6.083
6.107
5.765
5.229
5.121
4.965
4.857
4.656
4.542
4.665
5.291
4.803
4.547
4.429
4.268
26.853
71.639
30.766
19.7
15.52
13.282
11.987
11.008
10.79
17.962
12.448
10.961
9.926
9.21
8.837
8.439
8.001
7.676
7.471
7.241
7.792
8.461
7.727
7.451
16.244
66.733
35.555
21.511
26.979
23.542
18.348
14.826
13.009
11.76
10.754
9.961
9.426
9.843
34.358
23.81
16.806
17.083
18.65
15.411
13.655
12.354
11.127
10.19
9.349
8.683
8.204
7.982
7.702
7.403
7.199
11.25
38.711
22.859
15.85
13.452
15.562
24.907
21.46
16.596
14.251
12.528
11.483
10.587
9.853
9.708
10.731
9.232
8.556
8.084
7.616
7.293
6.999
6.874
25.895
22.205
18.834
44.724
34.048
26.094
25.216
21.707
23.006
22.164
23.052
20.008
18.387
21.473
25.239
23.749
23.937
31.805
24.915
20.543
17.479
16.189
15.466
14.644
13.905
13.33
12.789
12.418
11.886
11.212
10.774
11.211
11.245
11.287
10.265
9.729
9.097
8.716
8.499
8.48
8.457
8.04
7.686
7.217
7.025
6.985
7.169
6.853
6.79
6.496
6.779
6.573
6.775
6.769
6.353
5.868
5.628
6.378
7.803
6.218
6.177
12.668
14.521
16.054
12.024
11.302
10.542
8.598
7.816
7.35
7.033
7.903
7.011
9.08
9.851
7.665
7.037
6.821
6.624
6.555
6.019
5.76
5.446
5.146
4.881
4.82
4.788
4.408
4.217
4.078
5.161
5.199
4.556
4.788
4.228
3.984
3.838
3.695
3.557
3.806
3.801
6.944
5.832
18.738
16.638
8.809
6.696
5.614
5.079
4.797
4.703
4.233
4.106
3.828
3.717
3.568
3.322
3.166
3.171
3.307
3.084
3.015
2.928
2.909
2.88
2.797
2.775
2.761
2.604
2.515
2.681
3.216
2.828
2.613
2.449
2.333
2.471
2.482
2.405
2.287
2.279
2.409
2.409
2.314
2.214
2.078
2.012
1.944
2.016
1.965
1.966
1.987
1.967
1.977
1.997
2.341
2.242
2.114
2.025
1.995
1.922
1.905
1.924
1.894
1.894
1.884
2.331
3.543
2.389
2.207
2.116
2.081
2.005
1.965
1.894
1.861
1.845
1.775
1.767
1.783
1.849
2.08
1.994
1.896
1.845
1.957
13.225
5.219
3.602
3.076
2.728
2.59
2.482
2.387
2.406
2.398
2.4
2.358
2.293
2.249
2.239
2.231
2.195
2.229
2.219
2.521
2.377
2.275
2.244
2.236
2.149
2.142
2.12
2.115
2.112
2.127
2.13
2.144
2.388
3.426
5.055
3.726
3.159
3.328
10.604
25.644
11.78
7.879
6.524
5.347
4.776
4.413
4.24
3.978
4.274
3.891
3.579
3.745
20.835
10.905
7.579
6.098
5.407
4.945
4.506
AWATERE RIVER HISTORICAL AVAILABILITY OF WATER ALLOCATION CLASSES BASED ON WARMP RULES Class C unavailable, class B restricted
October 1989-90 1990-91 1991-92 1992-93 1993-94 1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15
Class B & C unavailable, class A restricted
November
December
Class A, B, & C unavailable
January
February
No data available
March
April
May
14.994
15.172
14.188
15.579
14.004
11.442
11.487
55.15
42.595
28.795
21.064
24.206
19.324
15.935
14.97
17.899
16.62
25.408
22.353
20.454
19.019
31.815
34.161
27.221
21.59
18.366
17.786
15.117
14.21
14.552
17.494
14.225
14.281
14.012
14.038
11.88
11.593
11.677
12.632
14.419
13.199
10
8.697
8.173
7.788
7.375
7.445
7.93
7.315
8.063
9.349
8.574
8.143
9.136
18.186
11.219
9.388
8.256
7.572
7.412
7.933
6.912
6.454
6.172
6.797
8.927
9.577
6.921
6.121
5.71
5.296
5.1
5.095
4.941
4.906
6.387
62.186
36.627
23.406
20.324
17.657
16.52
16.447
13.7
13.826
14.154
12.206
10.859
14.567
13.586
11.537
10.611
9.983
9.369
8.879
8.568
9.246
8.645
8.184
7.985
8.015
11.45
8.593
7.919
7.512
7.529
7.44
6.94
25.421
24.746
14.568
10.185
8.785
8.665
8.358
7.85
7.284
6.838
6.722
6.639
7.151
7.237
6.323
5.884
5.57
5.656
5.543
5.077
5.382
5.583
7.149
6.862
5.746
5.951
5.811
5.939
6.506
10.524
15.639
11.331
11.272
6.815
5.959
5.229
4.689
4.558
4.219
4.302
4.07
4.623
4.299
4.16
3.668
3.333
3.224
3.052
2.78
2.524
2.524
4.023
4.171
3.551
3.256
7.408
14.107
6.645
5.252
4.299
3.894
3.685
5.626
4.664
3.881
3.426
3.589
3.598
3.632
3.378
3.137
2.958
2.838
2.787
2.776
2.737
2.723
2.579
2.574
2.582
2.511
2.493
6.488
5.735
4.02
3.562
3.321
3.09
2.919
2.889
3.002
2.88
3.141
3.275
3.202
2.694
2.999
9.589
19.271
10.522
7.849
76.901
40.027
21.692
36.047
59.374
31.887
22.733
17.042
13.522
11.798
10.626
9.5
8.55
7.918
7.483
7.024
6.654
6.246
5.964
5.849
5.636
5.537
40.877
30.456
19.571
15.891
13.339
12.54
10.937
10.002
9.086
8.569
8.14
8.791
9.689
9.441
9.411
9.461
9.939
10.323
8.615
7.858
7.971
7.532
9.28
12.109
16.431
23.041
20.47
12.633
10.955
10.081
11.54
9.61
8.741
8.783
7.63
7.693
8.421
8.051
7.282
7.043
6.82
22.823
19.924
14.478
11.652
10.433
10.497
9.116
8.337
7.724
7.467
7.737
7.352
15.491
31.212
21.99
16.518
12.698
10.986
11.877
70.234
88.744
63.846
45.96
36.587
29.254
33.264
27.799
25.158
28.676
32.456
25.177
21.869
19.369
16.556
14.932
13.576
12.307
11.038
11.132
11.019
11.088
10.387
11.997
10.821
8.617
7.941
8.385
7.444
6.976
7.675
8.208
8.415
11.454
9.233
7.575
7.831
7.666
6.813
6.45
6.839
6.529
5.793
5.538
6.095
6.289
5.591
5.157
4.847
4.779
4.874
4.898
4.846
4.551
4.303
4.069
3.919
3.893
3.833
15.695
8.408
5.743
5.169
7.3
7.62
5.993
19.617
28.361
14.849
11.055
9.131
21.108
14.786
11.883
13.295
15.297
12.846
10.643
9.461
8.321
7.888
7.377
6.655
6.086
5.843
11.068
51.562
22.351
15.771
13.101
12.976
13.98
32.5
19.235
13.755
11.354
9.894
10.106
12.65
9.154
8.132
7.474
7.309
6.843
13.524
15.108
10.485
9.072
7.742
6.993
6.416
6.066
5.81
5.648
5.311
5.541
12.572
8.159
6.556
5.907
5.579
5.236
5.027
4.86
4.746
4.59
4.556
4.647
5.417
5.28
6.46
8.47
6.587
5.446
4.896
11.292
9.311
7.025
5.987
5.477
5.732
7.283
8.069
11
11.187
10.295
10.754
9.75
8.374
11.679
9.398
8.552
9.115
8.721
7.746
8.138
11.318
10.296
8.82
8.091
7.301
7.067
16.028
22.498
17.617
14.612
24.555
20.047
15.976
13.715
12.917
11.599
10.408
9.475
8.651
8.075
7.485
6.939
6.56
6.445
6.147
5.785
5.529
5.402
5.25
5.062
4.95
4.803
4.717
4.701
4.91
5.874
5.95
15.089
13.838
13.205
12.491
12.091
12.038
11.664
11.479
13.975
14.667
12.346
11.292
10.777
11.079
9.722
10.733
12.46
16.24
14.25
11.196
10.273
10.152
10.092
9.599
8.894
8.664
8.635
21.055
24.006
15.977
13.257
12.155
13.022
22.055
17.742
15.614
15.599
17.153
14.331
13.225
11.489
10.348
9.308
9.546
9.278
8.905
8.214
7.774
7.77
7.38
7.272
6.877
6.84
6.74
6.741
6.386
6.057
5.838
7.956
31.077
20.898
15.877
12.339
10.301
9.262
8.363
8.773
12.131
19.002
29.009
19.745
15.556
14.588
16.227
12.864
12.953
12.543
12.565
11.357
10.435
9.884
10.165
11.359
10.151
8.996
8.331
9.713
18.385
12.74
12.044
17.294
27.939
33.026
23.733
17.735
13.941
11.651
10.42
10.655
10.286
9.517
9.078
8.167
7.84
8.563
7.933
6.939
6.602
6.51
6.572
6.021
5.772
5.59
5.294
5.189
5.215
11.361
18.464
9.625
7.497
6.227
5.64
5.321
4.96
4.731
4.488
4.248
20.825
21.108
10.789
8.613
7.658
6.844
6.344
5.938
5.555
5.549
13.767
21.452
11.469
8.98
7.759
7.084
7.771
7.5
6.342
5.881
5.704
5.506
5.12
5.044
5.428
5.835
5.09
4.606
4.452
4.262
4.148
3.965
5.784
6.371
4.628
4.296
4.897
8.794
5.64
4.703
10.409
17.01
11.965
14.992
12.36
9.783
9.629
8.142
7.317
6.671
6.263
5.904
5.591
5.269
5.085
4.747
4.577
4.454
4.787
5.386
6.417
6.904
7.339
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
3.645
3.628
3.667
3.604
3.533
3.45
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
7.777
0.001
13.789
16.63
17.884
15.405
15.219
17.36
18.479
27.037
39.002
29.244
33.004
33.736
30.103
22.55
19.657
17.807
19.167
19.902
22.101
23.724
28.167
42.302
60.334
67.907
63.374
46.506
34.446
29.412
25.084
22.189
23.274
25.552
25.553
25.398
23.606
19.735
18.638
17.892
16.525
16.052
17.383
17.074
16.102
17.103
18.628
24.461
20.573
21.065
23.839
20.202
17.14
16.183
14.65
13.559
13.124
12.634
12.178
11.566
11.593
11.654
11.929
17.166
14.595
41.312
33.316
40.132
39.913
28.216
23.287
20.926
19.588
18.809
17.536
15.651
13.745
13.047
12.941
12.465
12.117
11.491
11.111
10.682
10.68
11.066
15.402
14.697
12.942
17.463
14.46
13.444
21.348
17.548
13.853
13.257
26.027
30.73
26.185
21.091
17.203
16.555
13.663
12.137
11.028
10.08
11.922
21.496
14.888
12.565
11.063
10.103
9.615
8.842
7.942
7.711
7.463
6.941
6.634
8.637
7.438
6.586
6.195
5.888
5.787
5.726
6.244
7.639
7.061
6.309
5.872
5.45
5.018
4.723
4.622
4.674
4.579
4.359
4.129
4.081
3.989
3.892
3.743
3.667
7.394
31.772
18.128
11.083
8.878
7.621
6.841
6.425
5.927
5.544
5.345
13.494
22.028
11.718
9.251
7.999
7.237
6.65
6.221
5.78
5.619
6.436
5.524
5.093
4.777
4.463
4.89
4.668
4.275
4.218
4.924
4.538
4.337
4.098
4.702
3.979
3.611
3.572
3.774
12.041
12.064
8.568
6.649
5.813
5.6
5.261
4.856
4.575
4.693
7.445
8.987
7.962
8.765
8.935
7.389
6.839
6.339
5.976
5.481
5.243
5.131
5.054
4.899
5.386
4.98
4.993
4.901
4.671
4.409
5.344
6.086
6.284
6.4
5.614
5.6
5.821
5.003
4.57
4.223
4.03
3.936
3.858
3.859
3.59
9.3
68.531
96.735
68.109
42.37
29.399
23.49
19.191
16.986
15.305
14.067
13.365
12.797
11.816
11.404
10.913
10.329
15.335
15.369
14.337
10.563
13.349
19.781
18.108
11.943
9.284
8.116
12.612
10.274
8.675
7.925
7.398
6.868
6.501
6.249
6.065
9.414
8.658
12.83
9.382
7.792
6.797
6.434
6.248
5.906
5.524
5.01
4.748
7.486
5.435
5.121
4.639
4.178
4.176
5.729
8.394
5.973
4.988
5.74
5.533
4.869
4.443
4.024
3.773
3.676
3.273
3.152
3.164
8.554
12.702
10.073
9.343
8.394
15.916
14.274
10.205
8.175
7.289
6.4
5.504
6.932
7.805
6.946
31.611
56.204
47.488
32.974
25.796
17.916
13.433
10.697
8.128
6.956
5.864
5.281
5.015
6.175
4.42
3.908
4.089
66.663
133.85
64.249
41.061
30.295
24.583
20.779
17.465
14.075
13.546
10.495
9.066
9.111
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3
3.013
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4.16
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3.747
3.61
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2.904
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10.366
12.394
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23.682
25.408
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17.753
14.372
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15.053
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13.542
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73.961
54.819
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35.358
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27.347
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3.621
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14.764
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5.68
6.216
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41.936
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41.323
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28.088
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13.016
12.131
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23.023
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15.54
13.54
11.963
11.559
10.768
11
11.047
10.677
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9.057
20.213
12.339
10.25
11.302
37.097
24.962
17.488
14.087
12.123
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9.185
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14.906
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8.123
7.487
8.075
21.884
22.601
18.867
20.519
14.984
12.508
11.44
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15.476
14.738
19.203
35.675
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18.087
14.952
12.627
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10.086
9.182
8.55
8.031
7.647
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6.284
5.983
5.719
5.468
5.19
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4.966
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4.3
4.141
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3.964
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3.928
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4.03
3.788
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3.22
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3.091
2.967
3.313
3.177
3.175
3.254
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2.749
2.681
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5.539
3.932
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3.268
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2.994
2.854
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3.65
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50.98
35.723
32.649
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15.105
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14.661
13.591
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12.266
10.732
9.254
8.414
7.757
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7.223
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5.226
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6.443
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6.971
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7.46
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25.631
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5.972
4.488
5.581
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4.02
10.599
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5.783
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4.517
8.169
40.907
53.168
56.422
40.357
42.912
38.246
29.652
23.482
18.917
16.758
15.506
13.377
12.58
12
11.433
11.104
10.976
10.491
19.145
26.68
26.23
20.735
16.401
14.49
13.686
13.669
13.012
12.263
13.109
28.737
32.161
24.821
21.339
52.05
43.863
32.879
27.479
8.169
8.533
12.16
15.061
11.462
9.431
9.161
8.918
0.001
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8.471
7.966
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10.435
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7.448
6.854
6.538
6.59
6.7
7.292
10.662
16.432
14.17
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13.108
15.464
18.341
13.373
11.294
9.775
8.988
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8.147
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9.683
14.818
10.913
9.125
8.207
7.895
7.505
7.834
9.245
7.822
16.822
110.196
77.231
49.566
36.532
29.765
25.343
23.326
18.202
16.561
15.075
12.59
11.511
17.035
16.906
14.942
12.694
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20.939
14.228
12.002
14.756
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13.667
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9.32
9.233
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5.845
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38.678
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7.949
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3.42
3.5
3.356
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10.934
10.656
6.128
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43.47
32.591
27.778
30.307
27.146
22.558
18.088
18.061
42.933
36.482
29.915
25.867
22.066
19.146
17.47
15.323
13.669
12.528
18.057
28.266
33.546
27.02
25.312
23.187
20.677
17.204
4.517
3.836
3.886
3.305
2.779
5.419
6.111
7.044
6.541
4.543
3.675
3.295
6.621
8.74
8.186
7.915
7.503
8.097
9.611
10.125
8.213
7.445
6.971
6.843
6.386
6.179
9.179
11.312
8.475
8.67
7.237
6.482
6.112
6.764
6.592
9.713
10.455
9.728
8.844
8.059
7.424
6.977
6.959
7.401
7.133
6.617
5.758
5.458
5.248
4.723
4.802
4.41
4.866
5.356
4.724
4.561
5.601
4.835
4.583
4.699
3.816
3.651
3.868
3.503
3.205
3.265
3.094
3.072
3.295
3.196
16.163
12.102
7.185
5.888
5.778
4.875
4.214
6.962
32.857
24.91
11.55
9.026
9.328
6.969
5.823
5.15
4.722
4.367
7.038
11.299
7.905
12.462
21.831
9.229
7.198
6.079
5.201
4.721
4.495
4.301
3.977
3.509
3.2
3.12
3.226
3.121
3.084
2.963
2.935
2.812
2.757
2.738
6.592
6.944
4.07
3.213
2.947
2.82
2.759
2.733
2.743
2.714
2.731
2.737
2.727
2.61
2.56
2.516
2.568
2.543
2.483
2.462
3.525
2.655
2.402
2.269
2.211
2.196
2.188
2.166
2.106
2.106
6.353
3.03
9.838
15.336
8.65
4.956
3.741
3.317
2.964
2.749
2.611
2.511
2.495
2.476
33.236
19.175
14.541
11.469
9.779
8.765
7.851
6.951
6.149
5.842
40.346
999999
999999
999999
999999
12.715
11.791
11.12
10.587
10.157
10.26
9.718
9.287
9.003
8.692
8.449
8.319
8.117
7.893
7.788
7.673
7.577
7.543
15.344
23.403
29.732
31.494
26.145
21.614
20.67
19.03
39.272
69.803
196.632
128.602
73.125
47.957
38.567
34.013
999999
999999
999999
999999
999999
999999
35.824
33.588
29.241
27.864
26.278
38.91
43.47
32.591
27.778
30.307
27.146
22.558
18.088
18.061
42.933
36.482
29.915
25.867
22.066
19.146
17.47
15.323
13.669
12.528
18.057
28.266
33.546
27.02
25.312
23.187
20.677
17.204
18.482
19.336
19.961
20.205
19.904
21.147
21.333
17.529
17.029
15.271
14.624
13.954
14.235
12.988
12.696
12.978
13.112
12.508
11.59
10.43
10.209
10.289
9.896
9.257
9.592
9.947
9.161
7.337
7.067
15.215
10.755
41.045
23.002
10.534
8.955
8.25
8.213
6.253
4.409
3.421
3.328
3.26
3.147
3.101
3.053
4.431
4.224
3.949
6.072
3.723
4.468
3.661
4.162
4.944
5.568
3.62
10.285
18.602
4.701
2.59
38.537
22.249
4.891
2.728
20.146
8.508
4.364
3.216
5.25
23.006
6.408
2.681
5.874
22.408
6.152
2.515
6.827
7.379
7.348
2.604
7.551
9.03
7.823
2.761
8.676
21.707
9.045
2.775
4.894
5.227
9.276
2.797
4.213
9.807
9.416
2.88
4.141
5.38
9.97
2.909
4.169
10.083
7.701
2.928
4.341
5.404
8.354
3.015
4.569
10.114
9.233
3.084
4.9
5.039
6.163
3.307
5.335
10.406
6.322
3.171
5.735
11.26
6.442
7.903
5.694
4.654
6.529
6.573
8.36
5.901
5.621
5.474
5.154
5.022
4.905
4.649
4.849
4.477
4.224
4.096
4.142
4.763
4.304
10.722
8.954
8.181
7.887
6.775
6.001
4.908
8.738
7.813
10.673
15.038
10.208
9.658
8.403
7.741
7.501
6.898
6.692
6.537
19.886
23.453
34.59
27.935
23.045
20.504
55.686
32.533
27.3
24.766
21.718
18.81
16.949
15.829
14.562
17.058
103.32
76.202
4.784
6.745
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Cawthron Marlborough Environment Awards The winner of the Wine Industry Innovation award at the recent Cawthron Environmental Awards went to Pernod Ricard Winemakers and the Heritage Centre. Here is what impressed the judges. Pernod Ricard is an industry leader in implementing environmental management programmes across the company. These efforts have been
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acknowledged with a range of ISO certifications for environmental management, food safety, and health and safety; Biogro for 100ha of organic vineyards; and Qualmark EnviroGold for the Brancott Estate Heritage Centre. These achievements all sit within the Sustainable Development Charter established by Pernod Ricard: “Sustainable development means reconciling economic efficiency with social fairness and the protection of the environment in a process of continuous improvement.” The approach to continuous improvement is embedded in its initiatives for sustainability and efficient use of resources. Per litre of wine since 2010 there has been a 40% decrease in winery energy consumption, 85% decrease in winery waste to landfill, 15% decrease in winery water consumption and a 28% drop in CO2 emissions. In the vineyard innovations include computer monitoring
of soil moisture that determines how much water is irrigated based on soil type and grape variety, rather than just setting the timer. This refined approach conserves water, saves power (less pumping) and provides bespoke growing conditions for each variety. Use of certain sprays has been scaled back and in some cases stopped even though they are allowed under Sustainable Winegrowing NZ guidelines. Organic practices such as under-vine mulching, cultivation to improve irrigation penetration and use of grape marc compost have also been applied to conventional vineyards. There is a company-wide target for native restoration plantings to be increased each year, with 25% of available land now planted – the Kaituna vineyard and wetland is a good example of this commitment. In the winery, Pernod Ricard has led the way in finding alternative filtration methods to using diatomaceous earth (DE), a difficult substance to handle and dispose of. Their choice of Dynamos and Decanter technologies has provided environmental and financial benefits. The outlay of $900,000 was paid back in 3-4 months through improved
quality of wine, savings from no longer buying DE, and significant reduction in water use and disposal to landfill. The new filtration system has futureproofed the company as it increases production from 28,000T to 43,000T a year. The Brancott Estate Heritage Centre is designed to fit into the landscape and includes water collection off the roof, natural ventilation rather than air conditioning, massed native plantings and fencing made from recycled grape posts. Brancott Estate is the premier sponsor of the Marlborough Falcon Trust, providing $500,000 to raise awareness about this endangered native species. An aviary, self-guided walk and falcon encounters are on site for visitors. $1 from each bottle of the Living Land label goes to the Trust. The Heritage Centre is also the base for a 5.5km vineyard guided cycle tour that introduces consumers to sustainable vineyard practice as well as learning about the wetland and native planted area. Other finalists in the Wine Industry Innovation Category included; • Spy Valley Wines Wetland at Hillocks Road • Southern Water Engineering • Matua Marlborough Winery
The Supreme Winner was also related to innovation or at least research that complements the wine industry. The NZ Dryland Forests Initiative has planted 120,000 eucalyptus trees in 38 trials throughout New Zealand in its quest to breed the best trees to establish a durable hardwood industry. Durable hardwoods can be used in the ground for decades without chemical treatment, which makes them ideal for vineyard posts, building and decking. The judges of the Cawthron Marlborough Environmental awards said the results of the research would solve a range of gnarly environmental issues. • An alternative to chemically treated grape posts • No more stock piles of hard-to-dispose-of treated posts • A productive use of drought prone land and erosion control on slopes The trees will be harvested by coppicing to grow back again It will be a new source for durable hardwoods rather than clearfelling tropical rainforests Project leader Paul Millen estimates that mature durable hardwoods will be three times as profitable as pinus radiata for New Zealand forest owners and are well suited to drought conditions. The Award judges obviously agreed, awarding NZDFI the Cawthron Environmental Awards Supreme Winner of 2015.
SUPPLIERS OF: n Vineyard posts & strainers n Quality timber products n Utility buildings - designed for your needs n Locally owned n Working towards the betterment of Marlborough
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Phone us today to discuss your Grape Harvesting requirements Ph: 578 6580 or 0274 441 404 41 St Leonards Road, Blenheim, roseag@xtra.co.nz
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Health and Safety Reforms Dan Szegota Senior Broker ICIB Insurance Brokers
The purpose of this article is to highlight that business owner’s and senior executives will have significant obligations under the Health and Safety Reform Bill. There is some sentiment in the business community that the changes are inconsequential and that in reality the status quo will not change significantly. However this belief is incorrect and there are real and severe penalties for businesses, business owners, directors and senior executives/managers and workers themselves who do not comply. The Government has set a goal to reduce workplace deaths and serious injuries by at least 25% by 2020. This means there will be political interest in seeing whether this goal is achieved that will drive the degree to which compliance is monitored and enforced by a new regulator which will be well resourced and highly motivated. The main factor driving the change to New Zealand’s Health and Safety regime is the alarming rate at which New Zealanders are killed and injured in workplaces. New Zealand health and safety is very poor compared to other OECD countries and fatalities are twice that of Australia and six times that of the UK. There is to be a change in focus from ‘Employers and Employees’, to ‘Workers and Workplaces’, as well as a change from the “all practicable steps” test to “reasonably practicable” test which, although similar to the previous one, places absolute duty to ensure health and safety of workers is qualified only Corporation Category 1 $3 million Category2 $1.5 million Category 3 $500,000
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by reasonable practicability. Perhaps the most significant change for businesses is the increased penalty regime for failing to comply with the provisions of the Bill. The table below outlines these and are based on 3 categories: Category 1 – Reckless conduct exposing someone to death/serious injury; Category 2 – Failure to comply, exposing someone to death/serious injury; and Category 3 – Failure to comply with a health & safety duty. The key duty holders in relation to a workplace or work of a business or undertaking are: • PCBUs - usually the business entity, such as a company, rather than an individual person; • Officers – Directors, partners or anyone making decisions that affect the whole or substantial part of the business; • Workers - including as an employee, contractor, subcontractor, apprentice, outworker, employee of a labour hire company, person on work experience, or volunteer. • “Other persons” (such as customers and visitors) will also have limited obligations.
Individual as PCBU or officer $600,000, five years in jail or both $300,000 $100,000
Individual as worker $300,000, five years in jail or both $150,000 $50,000
WorkSafe New Zealand (The Regulator) This regulator exists to discharge the operational functions of the Ministry of Business & Innovation relating to workplace health and safety and whose main objective is to “promote and contribute to the prevention of harm to all people at work and in or in the vicinity of the workplace.” They are highly resourced with 200 core inspectors, 29 High Hazards and Major Facilities inspectors and a budget of $80 million per annum. Their key areas of focus will be increased visibility in New Zealand workplaces with a specific focus on high risk areas including, agriculture, forestry, construction. They will be creating clearer expectations and a firmer regulatory stance but also assisting business by providing better guidance and support documentation. Insurance It is important to note that insurance coverage under a statutory liability policy is very limited in relation to health and safety claims. It remains unlawful to provide indemnity for penalties awarded and therefore will only provide indemnity for defence costs and reparations awarded. The fines and penalties remain the responsibility of the company or individual/s prosecuted. It is obvious that significant reductions in statistics will not only require changes in legislation, but also significant changes in the way workplaces and industries operate with health and safety duties now becoming a part of everyday business.
Reverse Trends Tessa Nicholson
A few years back it was New Zealanders who were crossing the Tasman looking for opportunities. But apparently that has changed, as an Australian journalist has discovered. Cameron Stewart is the Associate Editor of The Australian, the country’s national newspaper. Recently in New Zealand, he visited Marlborough to flesh out Australians involved in the wine industry and wasn’t disappointed. The aim of his feature, (which appeared in The Australian Weekend this month) was to show how New Zealand has turned the tables on its nearest neighbour in terms of economy, political stability and most of all employment opportunities. Cameron says that is a far cry from the way it was a few years ago, when the famous quote from Australia to New Zealand was; “last one to leave turn the lights out.” “When we looked at the stats, the old fashioned brain drain from New Zealand to Australia was completely changing. Far fewer Kiwis were going to Australia to try and make a living. A lot were actually coming back and interestingly; a lot of Australians were coming over. “The net migration we were seeing a decade ago is not happening now. In fact in October last year, New Zealand had a net migration plus against Australia. That’s the first time (that has occurred) since 1992, which is effectively the first time in a generation.” While in New Zealand Cameron met with Prime Minister John Key and was visiting regions that were beacons for Australians – Marlborough being one of those. “The wine industry is iconic for both our countries,” he said. “And I was curious to see if Australians were heading here to Marlborough. Low and behold I come to the Marlborough region and I find there are dozens of
Australians who have transplanted themselves willingly here. They have come over because the opportunities are very good, they have good jobs and most, from what I can tell, have made a success of it. What I find really interesting is that they don’t tend to treat coming here as some sort of transitory moment in their career. They basically see this as their home, they are here for the long haul.” It’s an interesting premise that New Zealand has become the land of opportunities, when compared with Australia. Especially given how well they had made it through the global financial crisis, which affected New Zealand quite severely. Cameron says there are a number of reasons this country is looking so solid in Australian’s eyes. “New Zealand now has faster economic growth than Australia. It has lower unemployment. The opportunities in New Zealand are arguably more than in Australia, which is having a bit of a
tough time economically. Politically, we have had lots of issues with our leaders. We have had the Rudd government; the Gillard government and now the Abbott government and all have had their dramas. At times it can feel a bit like a soap opera.Yet across the Tasman there is this leader who is very popular and is in his third term of government. In New Zealand you have a very stable political culture, at a time when Australia has a very unstable political culture. That is to me really interesting.” The stats also show that New Zealanders are returning home from Australia in increasing numbers. Cameron says that is another indication that this country is seen as being in a growth mode, with more opportunities available now than there were a decade ago. Marlborough’s growing wine industry is a classic example of those opportunities he discovered.
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Generation Y-ine - Beth Forrest TESSA NICHOLSON From daddy’s girl, to demonic teenager to dad’s co-winemaker are a few of the evolutionary changes Beth Forrest has undergone in her 29 years. Aged only three when her parents John and Brigid Forrest bought their property here in Marlborough, Beth has little recollection of the apple orchard that existed at the time. But she is well versed in the story that turned her parents from apple growers to wine makers a few years later. John was working as a cellar hand at Grove Mill in 1990, when a tank of Cabernet Sauvignon he had laboured over growing on the Wairau Plains exploded. He lost all the skins, and there was very little option left other than to turn the juice into Rosé. That was the first ever Forrest wine and with a hand drawn label it was entered into Air NZ wine awards, taking out the Champion Rosé trophy. After that Beth says there was no stopping her father – apples were ripped out, vines were planted and a new winery was born. It was an idyllic childhood for Beth, who admits that she was a daddy’s girl through and through. “I used to spend every afternoon with dad. My memories of school, are coming home and then heading out into the vineyard with dad. It was either on the tractor or cruising round the vineyard with the dogs, trying to help.” Despite being constantly bombarded with everything to do with wine, as a youngster Beth planned a career as a vet but by the time she got to the age of 11, she had decided, anything her dad could do, she would try and emulate. “So I was going to be a winemaker.” But then the teenage years hit and she says her father describes her during that period as being a little demon. (Actually
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she says he called her something much worse, but we probably shouldn’t print that). “I wanted nothing to do with what my dad had done or the winemaking, or vineyards what-so-ever.” Otago University and the scarfie life led her to Dunedin where she undertook a double major in physical geography and microbiology. “I wasn’t really sure what I wanted to do at that point, but geography had always been my favourite subject at school and I took micro to maintain a science background, just in case I did decide I wanted to do winemaking.” While it may sound an unusual mix, Beth says the physical geography has been a major bonus in her role within the wine industry. “It has probably ended up being more valuable than the micro,” she admits. “Landforms, water, hydrology – when it comes down to irrigation in the vineyard it has been hugely beneficial over the years.” Despite loving the geography side of things, the offer of a PhD position at Otago meant she had to make a decision about her future. “It was a Masters position to lead to a PhD, which entailed sitting on a glacier in Antarctica. It was at that point that I thought – perhaps I’d rather do winemaking and travel around the world.” Adelaide was a much warmer option than Antarctica, so off she went to complete her winemaking degree. Of the 21 that took part in the post grad diploma in her year, Beth was one of 11 that went on to do the Masters programme. She also took on a marketing paper – which she believes is a vital component for all winemakers. After all, it is them that will eventually
be in the market place selling their wine – so it’s nice to have some background in the subject. There was no real decision to be made when it came to choosing winemaking over viticulture, although Beth says her background helped in her final decision. “I got brought up to believe and I still do, that it is all part of one thing and you can’t make good wine unless you have grown good grapes.You can manipulate them to make them better or worse in the winery, but if your raw product to start with is rubbish, there is only so much further you can take it. I have always tried to keep in close touch with the viticultural side of things and here (at Forrest) they go hand in hand the whole way.” With no pressure from her parents to come back to Forrest Wines, Beth headed for Central Otago and Peregrine Wines, where winemaker Peter Bartle took her under his wing. “He had worked here (at Forrest) for a while and we had always stayed in touch. So he was very excited to take the little girl he had known, and give her a job.” An extended period of travel saw her undertake vintages overseas, along with vintages here in New Zealand. In the late 2000s she worked at Indevin, which opened her eyes to the efficiencies of a large company. “I believe every winemaker should work at a really big wine company. There is no other way to learn how good and how efficient systems can be. You have restrictions and barriers in place for quality control and all of that can be taken back to a smaller scale. It should be a huge part of anyone’s development as a winemaker I think.” A few more years travelling saw her making wine in Rioja and the UK,
at Chapel Down in Kent. But New Zealand was calling and one day in London she realised that she had had enough of cruising the world, she wanted to come home. “I was ready to do that, but I wasn’t ready to work every day with my father. I had basically been away for 10 years and I needed to get back in touch with Marlborough, especially with Sauvignon Blanc and Pinot Noir. And the industry had changed since I was a kid hanging round in the winery. “So I did a harvest with Lawson’s Dry Hills and then came back and got a permanent job with them, where I stayed for three years. They are larger than us, but were still family owned, so it was a good place to come back to and to get involved with. It allowed me to get back in touch with Forrest as well.”
This vintage will be Beth’s first as a winemaker for Forrest Wines and she admits she is now ready for it without any trepidation. “There is such a strong focus on quality wine production here which is great, and we have such a long standing dedicated team that have been here forever and are part of the family. We are estate grown, so we know our vineyards and know what they are doing. Although it will probably be my full-time job keeping the mad scientist – John - under control. But really it’s fun and I am excited about it. There is such an ability to have a go at anything and I like that.” Minutes before we began talking, 10 oak Fuders from Germany had arrived – which is something Beth can’t wait to be let loose on. “We will start pretty much curing them
for the next five or six years. I want to start using them for the aromatics, Chenin, Riesling and even a bit of Pinot Gris. Not for oak character but for maturation and development. In the next few years we will use them for some Chardonnay and a little bit of Sauvignon. “It’s fun to have so much happening. And to be allowed as well. Dad hasn’t stepped back, but he allows me to be involved in every part and have a say. “I enjoy and respect what we have here, I don’t want to change that. I want to continue that quality focus and experimentation and little bit of mad scientist attitude that makes Forrest what it is.
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27 Years On Tessa Nicholson
There can’t be too many people in the Marlborough wine industry that can say they have worked for the same company for 27 years, but Geoff Woolcombe can. Jackson Estate’s viticulturist was employed back in 1988 to help plant what is known as the Homestead Block, helping out viticulturist Richard Bowling. Now as the company celebrates 25 years of being in the market place, Geoff is still there, having seen it grow from a tiny, fledgling company to become one of the region’s renowned mid sized wineries with a reputation for quality wines. Admittedly, he didn’t begin his life with the company as a viticulturist – he grew into that position. “At the time I was working for Richard helping to develop the Vavasour winery. While we were doing that we were also developing the Homestead vineyard for what was to become Jackson Estate,” he says. “I started off doing the ground work, putting all the trellis in, and running wires. I knew about that because I had a farming background. Then the job grew to the point that I was making viticultural decisions and learning as I went.” The block, which was 36 hectares, was initially planted in Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, Pinot Noir and Riesling with the vines all on their own rootstock. It was a mistake nearly everyone made at that time, and Jackson Estate like so many other vineyards in the region was inevitably hit with phylloxera in the early 90s. So after getting a few years of
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small crops, Geoff had to turn around and begin replanting with grafted vines. “We had just got to the point of cropping and we had to start ripping it out and replacing with resistant rootstock. That was a huge financial strain at the time, given you could buy a cutting for around 40 cents and the grafted vines were probably between $2 and $3. So we bought some rootstock and planted those out and then we started growing our own rootstock, which we then on-sold to the nurseries. That gave us a continuity of supply for our continual replanting programme,” he says. Given the dearth of information available to those early pioneers, Geoff says they travelled to the Te Kauwhata Research Centre to find out just which trellising system would be best. “Richard Smart was there at the time and he convinced us that the Scott Henry trellising system was the best, so that was what we used for all our Sauvignon Blanc.” It ended up being an extremely labour intensive system, Geoff says. “Especially when you realise that there wasn’t the labour force there is now or the machinery available.” In the early 2000s the company moved from Scott Henry to VSP trellising. With the advent of new mechanical leaf plucking machines, Geoff says it was easier to achieve
nice open canopies, without huge labour inputs. While the Homestead block was the first for Jackson Estate, it wasn’t long before contract growers were brought into the company. These days, the company uses its own vineyards, including one in the Waihopai Valley. A long-term lease with Patrick Rattray on a neighbouring block also forms part of the business. Geoff oversees all the properties with two permanent vineyard staff and contract labour. In 27 years he has seen good vintages, bad vintages, unbelievable vintages and some best to forget. But it is two that stand out in his mind. The 2012 vintage, which he describes as being the “best vintage of my career across all varieties.” And the 1995 vintage – “without a doubt the worst.” “In 1995 we made a sparkling base and after a fantastic summer, we had just harvested that base. We were looking to harvest some Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc but at the point we wanted to start, the rain came. It rained at some stage every single day for two weeks. There was a massive crop out there, but there wasn’t the infrastructure to cope with it. It was terrible.” As for his favourite wine of the past 27 years – that’s an easy one. “The 91 Botrytis Riesling from our fist vintage. Amazing!”
The Jackson Estate leadership team. From left; Geoff Woolcombe, Jeff Hart, John Benton and Matt Patterson-Green.
Babich Continues To Grow Tessa Nicholson
In 2013 when Babich began building its new Marlborough winery, it was planned to cater for 3000 tonnes of fruit.Two years later it has expanded to a 6000 tonne facility. The state of the art winery at the Cloudy Bay Business Park was the very first custom built winery the company has had in its 99-year history. It was also the largest investment the company had ever made. And while the resource consent was for a 6000 tonne facility, Joe Babich said they had planned initially only to take it up to 3000 tonnes. That figure was expanded in light of last year’s large yields in Marlborough, with the winery increasing capacity to over 4000 tonnes, during the vintage. Now 12 months later, another one million litres of tank space has been added and two new presses installed, as the company copes with increased demand for its wines. Regional winemaker Jens Merkle says after putting through 4820 tonnes of fruit last year, there was very little room to move in the winery – meaning further expansion was required. With the purchasing of new vineyards and an increase in contract grower numbers, the winery had to grow in terms of tank capacity to cater for extra fruit. So much sooner than expected, the winery has reached its full resource consent maximum, of 6000 tonnes. But it is not just expansion that Babich has been preparing for as vintage gets underway. They are also preparing for some intensive trials, with the help of
a postgraduate student from Auckland University. Jens says one of the two new presses which arrived earlier this year, is an inert gas press – believed to be the only one of its kind in New Zealand. “It means we can now process grapes without having any influence of oxygen during the press process,” he says. “Which is quite essential I believe for Sauvignon Blanc. This variety has so many delicate flavours that can be destroyed by oxygen. The benefit of growing Sauvignon Blanc in Marlborough, is that we have lots of flavours like thiols, so we don’t necessarily have to worry too much about that. But we want to see if we can do even more with this press.” The way the Diemme press works is, prior to the fruit being loaded it is filled with nitrogen. Then once the fruit is loaded, it is in a completely oxygen free environment, with more nitrogen being added throughout the cycle, “The theory behind that, is to see if we can increase our thiol precursor levels – the passionfruit, gooseberry, black current flavours that make our Sauvignon Blanc so unique.” The post graduate student will be working with the winemaking team, and will be able to analyse the levels of thiols and precursers to see what difference the inert press makes.
Jens Merkle
Jens is expecting there will be some major differences, given the information he has received from an Italian winemaker who did trials in his home country, using an inert gas press. “He managed to increase the thiol levels on Italian Sauvignon Blanc by four times – just by using this inert gas press.” The plan prior to vintage was to trial 300 tonnes of fruit this year, all going well. “That’s about 10 press loads. But that is very dependent on how vintage works out. If we need to get fruit in in a hurry we may have to drop that amount.” The new winery, even with its expansion has been designed to be able to deal with the company’s fruit in 10 days if it has to. Jens says the facility is highly efficient, although retaining the quality of the fruit is paramount. “With the new presses, we will also be able to do some interesting things, such as skin contact with different varieties. We would like to be able to hold some of the Sauvignon and Pinot Gris a bit longer on skins to extract more aromatics. But with only four presses last year and with what happened at vintage last year, that wasn’t achievable. The expansion means this year, we won’t have to worry about a lack of space or time.”
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NMIT Harvests New Varieties New grape varieties planted on Nelson Marlborough Institute of Technology (NMIT)’s Marlborough campus vineyard are looking promising, with some ready for their first vintage this year. In 2012, NMIT viticulture and wine staff and students began replacing rows of Pinot Noir on the half hectare on-campus vineyard with several new and classic varieties. The new plants were all donated by Riversun Nursery in Gisborne. Further plantings were completed in 2013 and 2014 and the vineyard now has three rows of state of the art steel trellising posts donated from Eco Trellis Systems. NMIT Viticulture Tutor Glenn Kirkwood says the new varieties have all grown “incredibly well” on the fertile soil, however it remains to be seen how the fruit pans out. “We’ve been surprised by the amount of vigour and growth. However it’s too early to say how this will relate to the fruit composition.” The first grapes were harvested this year by students studying NMIT’s viticulture and winemaking programmes and Glenn says they expect around 4kgs per vine of fruit. All of the students were allocated a row, and they will each be making a micro-vin ferment under
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the watchful eye of Wine Tutor David Hayward. The first wines from the new varieties should be ready for tasting around September/October this year. The new plantings over the past three years have mainly been focussed on trialling different cool climate reds. “The one thing that’s probably missing from New Zealand wines is a cool
(a new clone called 809),Verdelho (Spanish white variety from the Isle of Madeira) and Muscat á Petits Grains. A row of Syrah/Shiraz from the Rutherglen region of Victoria that was planted in 2012 was later replaced with a St Laurent after proving too vigorous. The other red that is being trialled is a Northern Italian variety called Lagrein, planted in 2014. Glenn says he is “reasonably confident” that they will come out with at least a couple of varieties worthy of further investigation from the new plantings, but it’s early days yet. “What we’ve learnt so far is to be very wise with our Lagrein – one selections – it’s very important of the new red to select varieties to match soil varieties being type. The soil we have here trialled by is very vigorous - a silty loam NMIT. which doesn’t really reflect a climate red. Apart from Pinot Noir, lot of Marlborough, which tends toward there’s really nothing else,” Glenn says. more sandy and free draining gravels. The five new varieties that will be The exciting part will come once we harvested this year are: Tempranillo can get multiple rows which will enable (Spanish red variety famous for making us to do some serious research with a Rioja), Grüner Veltliner (an Austrian good amount of fruit.” aromatic white variety), Chardonnay
Hanmer Springs Pinot Conference Annabelle Latz – google.com/+Annabellelatz
In the last issue of Winepress we discussed what happened at the Pinot Noir conference held at Hanmer at the end of January.This month a number of those attending give their views of why such conferences are important. Blair Walter, winemaker at Felton Road in Central Otago, first attended in 1994, and has been numerous times since.
He said the workshop has contributed significantly to the rise in quality of New Zealand Pinot and with more than 20 years attendance, has witnessed the dramatic increase in the understanding and application of how best to grow and make Pinot in New Zealand. “Without the generous and selfless sharing of information amongst winemakers and growers, there is no doubt we would not be this far along our journey. Winemakers are now becoming increasingly more comfortable with their sites and listening to the voice of the vineyard. “The best wines are articulating the site with more honesty and greater clarity, rather than imposing the winemaker’s mark on the wines.” He said wines are telling their own interesting story by expressing land, region and house style.
“To me this is a better definition of better wine. I believe the best wines are less made. From the outside it must seem like reverse psychology, but that is what we love about the great wines of the world: they are less made and more about the place.” The workshop provides confidence for winemakers who wish to follow this route. Blair’s advice to people considering the workshop for next year is having an open mind, and to seek as much feedback from the very smart viticulturists and winemakers in the room. “Go with an open mind and take an individual wine that is challenging you and get honest feedback on it.” Cleighten Cornelius, winemaker for Accolade, Marlborough, has attended the workshop five times since 2006. He has noticed a substantial change to the way Pinot Noir has been grown and made since 2006, in particular with understanding a vineyard’s capabilities. For example, using whole bunch in ferments, or practicing delicate cap management for lighter blocks or clones. Cleighten said experimentation is very important to find a vineyard’s “sweet spot,” and to learn what winemaking methods can be used where. “Whole bunch is becoming popular,
and is a great tool to add complexity and robustness to a wine, but does not always suit your vineyard or target market.” He is a firm believer New Zealand Pinot is getting better, and attributes much of its success to this workshop. “People are aware of what they want to achieve and have a better understanding of how to get to their desired end point, starting from pruning and finishing at bottling.” He said the wealth of knowledge from the ‘old timers’ is a great way to learn, from their perspective and experiences, whether it be over a quiet word, or voicing it during the room discussion.
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Nick Entwistle, winemaker, Wairau River Wines, Marlborough, has attended the workshop six times. Nick has observed a movement in New Zealand towards depth of aromatic and flavour complexity, whether it be through the use of whole bunches, spontaneous fermentation or increased time on skins. “It’s focussing on dialling in the textural elements that makes Pinot Noir a difficult wine to make.” He has seen a bigger focus on finding the best sites for quality production, balanced cropping levels, fine-tuned irrigation and canopy management strategies. He specifically made mention to the 2014 Waipara vintage, which he described as amazing, considering the challenging season they experienced. “It speaks volumes of the quality of winemaking talent that New Zealand has, that winemakers can make such well-balanced wines from such challenging fruit.” “Very rarely are wines brought to the conference these days with obvious winemaking faults. The winemaking and viticulture challenges still exist, but the ability to tap into the collective knowledge and experience of the industry has resulted in fewer wrong decisions being made.” For Nick, as a newcomer, the conference offers a great format to bounce ideas off more experienced winemakers, and get brutally honest opinions about the wines in a blind tasting format. “As a Pinot Noir winemaker it is the best technical industry event of the year, and a non-negotiable must attend on my calendar.” Paul Mason, winemaker, Martinborough Vineyard, Wairarapa, has been to the workshop three times. Paul believes that winemakers are generally comfortable in what they are doing, but always willing to try new things out, with a constant quest to
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Paul Mason
always do better. “The overall standard is now very high and therefore I don’t think there is such a dramatic evolution, just a slow gradual tweaking that works.” Learning from others at the workshop about harder times in the industry was significant for Paul. “It was great to hear from some winemakers who had to deal with botrytis fruit this year and find out what worked, (and didn’t work) for them. Sometimes you learn more from the challenging vintages. “I think that strength in numbers is a really positive place for us to be. The Marlborough producers stood out for me as doing some great stuff, and are making some really good wines. “The level of knowledge in the room is insane and it’s up to the attendees on how much they want to immerse themselves in it.” “You will always come away fizzing with a headful of ideas and plans for the next vintage,” said Paul. Jen Parr, winemaker, Valli Vineyards, Central Otago, has attended the workshop four times. Jen says less emphasis on correcting winemaking faults these days, and more emphasis on transparent vineyard and winemaking practices has been a
positive way forward for New Zealand Pinot Noir. She has seen a trend towards earlier pickings in terms of alcohol control and the freshness and vitality of the fruit, the increasing use of whole cluster aiding structure and fragrance, less use of high impact oak, and less use of extractive practices in fermentation, such as less enzyme, less cold soak and less cap management. “Above all I think there is a greater understanding of vineyards, which instantly leads to greater knowledge about winemaking.” Jen emphasised in her feedback the fact that New Zealand is seeing better Pinot Noir, because the industry is getting better at growing the fruit. “This is more important. We all know that winemaking is relatively easy when the fruit is heathy and balanced.” She said winemakers and growers are never too experienced to attend a forum like this workshop, and learning from their peers. “Our commitment to producing great Pinot Noir strengthens with each vintage and our willingness to commit time and money to this workshop shows our collective desire to continue to evolve.”
Cycling The Golden Mile Several Marlborough vineyards have joined forces to promote the area as a cycle friendly destination ‘Ride Marlborough’s Golden Mile’ connects 10 cellar doors within 6km in the Rapaura/Renwick area. The destinations are: Hans Herzog; Vines Village (Eradus Wines, Fudge Factory); No1 Family Estate; Giesen Wines; Wairau River Wines; Forrest Wines; Framingham Wines; Gibson Bridge; and Seresin Estate. The concept was conceived by cycling enthusiast Jeff Fulton from The Vines
Village, a bike-friendly destination set among surrounding Marlborough cellar doors and surrounded by straight flat roads. “We are working as a collective of neighbouring cellar doors, accommodation and bike hire businesses to actively promote the Rapaura/Renwick area as a cycle friendly destination. We are all open 12 months of the year and currently the seasonality of Marlborough makes winter a quieter time. As Marlborough is consistently one of the top recipient’s
of maximum annual sunshine hours we see winter cycling as an opportunity for visitors to enjoy the province,” Fulton said. “Cycling is an exciting, accessible and growing activity for the many visitors to Marlborough and the distance between these cellar doors is relatively short, making it accessible for many people.” Bikes can be hired from businesses on site at The Vines Village and range from BMX’s to euro-cruisers.
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NZW Export News January 2015 Key Points Total Export Volume & Value • MAT January 2015 total value of exports is $1.373 billion, up 9% on the previous year. • MAT January 2015 exports are 196.5 m. litres, up 10% on the previous year; packaged exports are +3% for the period and other exports are up 27%. • Average value MAT January 2015 is $6.91 per litre down 3% on the previous year; packaged export value is $8.22 per litre down 2% on the previous year. NB: WECS, which is the source for volume data in this Report, moved to a different software system in October 2014. This has affected the data in this Report. Going forward the new software will deliver better alignment with the Statistics NZ value data as WECS data will now record the date of shipment from NZ, not the date of certification. Short term and unavoidably this means, in comparison to previous data,YTD and MAT January exports are understated by 3.6 m. litres, all of which is packaged product. In the Report reference to ‘adjusted WECS data’ means the data includes this 3.6 m. litres Total Export Volume & Value • MAT January 2015 total of value of exports is $1.373 billion, up 9% on last year • YTD January 2015 total value of exports is $850.4 million, up 6% on the previous year • Total value of January 2015 exports was $96.6 m. up 29% on January 2014. • MAT January 2015 exports are 196.5 m. litres, up 10% (17.2m. litres) on the previous year. Based on adjusted WECS data, exports are 200.1m litres up 12% (20.8m. litres). • YTD January 2015 exports are 125.2 m. litres, up 7% (8.7m. litres) on the previous year. Based on adjusted WECS data, exports are 128.8 m litres up 11% (12.3m. litres). • January 2015 exports were 14.6m litres up 10% (1.3m litres) on January 2014.
Export Value per Litre All wines January 2015 average value was $6.27 per litre, down $0.87 per litre on January 2014. • YTD January 2015 average value is $6.69 per litre. • MAT January 2015 average price is $6.91 per litre, down 3% or $0.22 per litre on MAT January 2014. Packaged wines • Excluding unpackaged wine from the data, the January 2015 average value was $8.23 per litre, up $0.10 per litre on January 2014. • YTD January 2015 the average price is $8.17 per litre. • MAT January 2015 the average price is $8.22 per litre, down $0.13 per litre (2%) on MAT January 2014. • MAT January 2015 prices are up 6% to the UK, but are down 3% to USA, 4% to Australia, and 6% to Canada. Export Volume by Country of Destination • In January, for the major markets, exports were up 38% to Australia & 21% to the UK but were down 12% to USA. Canada was up 33% for the month, while performance of other markets was mixed, with the best performer being Ireland. • YTD January 2015 growth is led by the UK +15% with USA +12% & Australia +1%. Shipments to Canada are +14% on last year. Netherlands & Denmark are the other best performers. • MAT January 2015 growth is led by the UK +19% and the USA +13%, with Australia is +1%. Canada shipments are +15% for the year. Performance of other tracked markets is mixed with Denmark the strongest performer +28%. Export Volume by Packaging Type • Exports of packaged wines MAT January 2015 are 130.5 m. litres up 2.6% (3.3 m. litres) on the previous year and are 66.4% of total export volume. Based on adjusted WECS data, exports are 134.1 m. litres up 5% (6.9 m. litres).
• MAT January 2015 packaged exports are led by the USA and Canada both +14%. • Exports of packaged wines YTD January 2015 are 77.2 m. litres, down 3% on the previous year. Based on adjusted WECS data, exports are 80.8 m litres up 1%. • January 2015 packaged exports were 7.8 m. litres, down 11% on January 2014. • Other (non-packaged) wine shipments MAT January 2015 are 66.0 m. litres up 27% (33.6% of export volume). Non- packaged shipments growth is led by the UK (+44%). • Non-packaged exports YTD January 2015 are 48.1 m. litres up 30% (11.2 m. litres) on the previous year. • January 2015 non-packaged shipments were 6.8 m. litres, up 49% on January 2014. Exports by Variety/Style • In January 2015 Sauvignon Blanc exports were 13.0m. litres, up 13% from the previous year, accounting for 89.3% of export volume. Of the Sauvignon Blanc exported in January, 12.7 m litres was from Vintage 2014. • Performance of other styles was generally positive in January with Riesling, Sparkling & Merlot the best performers. • YTD January 2015 Sauvignon Blanc exports are 110.0 m. litres up 9% on the previous year. Performance of other styles is mixed with Pinot Gris the strongest performer. • MAT January 2015, Sauvignon Blanc shipments are 169.4 m. litres up 10% from the previous year. Performance of other styles is mixed with Pinot Gris +28% the strongest performer. • Production of Sauvignon Blanc in 2014 is estimated to have been 231.1 m. litres, 36% up on the previous year. Shipments of vintage 2014 Sauvignon Blanc since release are 108.0m. litres or 46.7% of estimated production – this is a lower share than at the same time after vintages 2010 - 2014.
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Experience
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C CamM ameron McP The Sounds Retreat @ c h Clayvi phee 1h1 ho ee @ SoundsRetreat Mar 5 n ur ago Vineya Hillside Wow! @villamaria_wine named rd; The eccas @ Are Al s world’s 4th most admired wine ive http e Hills Wine M Mar 20 viva.co cas brand! Congratulations. #nzwine .nz/ar ://www. ineMec e best W t i d c rink/v @winemarlborough http://www. m th iva-win le/foodning fro a @ r a e h l e i s l i l t s hese drinksint.com/news/fullstory.php/ -are China inetourism vi ff. NZHV -alive/ … @ w u aid/5246/Torres_named_World_s_ iva @G about # http://www.st ss/ @ iesenW e InVin ff Most_Admired_Wine_Brand.html … NZStu rlborough-expr e-teamines winem oPipias @ a s e m n arlboro co.nz/ 430316/Chi @ ugh #n Marcus Picken 7 rism … /6 u s s @MarcusPic o z t w e w e n i n i n e kens3 Mar 13 Congrats to @B h out-w rancottEstate fo arns-ab inemarlboroug e l r ta out the @winem king @w arlb nzwine Innovation Awar orough sponsored Wine d at the Marl E nvironment Awards last nig ht CellarHand @C ellarHan “A juicy, peppery, smash”: @CallanB d Mar 1 New Zealand Wine @nzwine Mar 15 goodfoodAU on S oys @ yrah @TeWhare RaWines, a @ MT @winemarlborough: Exciting times ahead winemarlborough must-see cellar do for Int #SauvBlanc day on 24 April. Stay tuned or http://goo. gl/LBlDMz to t even e Win ugh lboro Mar our of ls detai with come!
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WINEPRESS April 2015
The no-snag solution for vineyard netting Durable UV stablised 2 Sizes available Suitable for wooden posts
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Wine Happenings A monthly list of events within the New Zealand wine industry. To have your event included in next month’s calendar please email details to tessa.nicholson@me.com
APRIL 24
#Sauv Blanc day – International celebtation of Sauvignon Blanc, follow all the action on Twitter.
MAY 12
Pruning Workshop Details to come
20
Leadership Responsibilities in Health and Safety Workshop – MRC Lecture Theatre – 9 – 10.30. RSVP to emily@wine-marlborough.co.nz
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New Zealand Wine Fair Hong Kong
27
Cellar Door Season Debrief - MRC Lecture Centre - 2.00pm
JULY 3
Inagural 2015 New Zealand Young Winemaker Competition - details winemarlborough.nz/events
8-10
Organic/Biodynamic Wine and Viticulture Conference – Blenheim Convention Centre – Register at; www. organicwineconference.com
24
Marlborough Bayer Young Viticulturist of the Year Competition. Details – Samantha@wine-marlborough.co.nz
30 – Aug 2
The Food Show Auckland – ASB Showgrounds
AUGUST 26-28
National Bayer Young Viticulturist of the Year - Hastings
FOR THE LOVE OF WINE, COME TOGETHER AT HERZOG’S! Host your guests in our Gourmet Restaurant or Casual Dining Bistro Call to enquire about opportunities to showcase your very own Marlborough wines. For all the wine aficionados; come and indulge in one of New Zealand’s largest International wine lists!
HERZOG’S OPENING HOURS
BISTRO - 7 DAYS A WEEK! LUNCH: 12pm - 3pm DINNER: From 6pm - late RESTAURANT - WED TO SUN DINNER: From 7pm - late Hans Herzog Estate | 81 Jeffries Road | Blenheim |03 572 8770 | info@herzog.co.nz | www.herzog.co.nz
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News From Home and Away Accolades Royal Easter Show Trophy Winners Gewürztraminer – Spy Valley 2013 Riesling – Saint Clair Pioneer Block 9 Big John Riesling 2013 Sauvignon Blanc – Mt Olympus W5 2014 Pinot Noir – Villa Maria Single Vineyard Seddon 2012 Sweet Wine – Brancott Estate Letter Series B Late Harvest Sauvignon Blanc 2013 Wine of The Show – Matua Single Vineyard Matheson Syrah 2013 – Hawke’s Bay The World’s Most Acclaimed Wine Brands Villa Maria was the only New Zealand wine company to make it into Drinks International’s Top 10 Most Admired Wine Brands for 2015. They took out the fourth spot, which is a massive achievement for the New Zealand owned company. They sit alongside the likes of Spanish company Torres (number 1 for the second year in a row),Vega Sicilia and Penfolds, but beat renowned names such as Chateau D’Yquem and Chateau Margaux (placed 5th and 8th respectively.) The only other New Zealand companies to make the top 50 were, Cloudy Bay at 14th, (last year they were 8th) Oyster Bay – 26th and Brancott Estate- 27th. In terms of finding the most admired brands, Drinks International brings together more than 200 MWs, sommeliers, educators, journalists and winemakers. “Once again academy members had three choices and were provided with a list of previous winners and other wellknown brands.
Should their admired brands fail to appear in the list, the members put forward their own for inclusion.” NZW Grape Day Grape Day 2015 Put the following date into your diary, as the 2015 Grape Days are on their way. Designed to provide high-level summaries of research with a practical applied focus for industry members, the one-day event will be held in Marlborough on Wednesday 10 June at the Marlborough Convention Centre. The 2015 programme covers: Management for trunk diseases and leafroll virus A ‘back by popular demand’ review of best practice for powdery mildew Vintage 2015 update by Philip Gregan New research on vineyard ecology Herbicide resistance and weed management Update on Sustainability/SWNZ Blending Pinot Takes On New Meaning A story from the ABC recently highlighted how a giant stick blender that chops wine grape skins into a pulp could be the next big thing in red wine making. Dr Angela Sparrow, from the University of Tasmania, says her trial is showing by leaving the red grape skins in contact with the wine, it can improve flavour, colour and even reduce labour in the process. Dr Sparrow said one of the key things winemakers wanted to maintain was the aroma and flavour and the best way to do this was to keep the fruit intact, but once it was crushed ‘many of the good bits you want to keep’ were lost, including colour. But she said with her mechanism, because more skin tannin came out as well as the colour, it would be more stable down the track. “You have to punch down the fermenting pumice each day in order
to keep the skins submerged under the liquid,” she said. But, with her device, the skins do not float as much, because they are chopped finer, but flavour and skin tannins are also released faster. Dr Sparrow has been working on the project for five years and an inline prototype of the blender is now being trialled in commercial wineries.
Dr Angela Sparrow and Trentham Estate winemaker Anthony Murphy with the inline wine blender. Photo Trentham Estate Health and Safety Workshop The new act which is likely to come into effect later this year, will change health and safety regulations in every workplace. This is something every employer needs to know about, so this is a must attend workshop. (However places are limited, so make sure you RSVP to Emily@wine-marlborough. co.nz). This informative seminar is designed to provide clarity on Director, CEO, General Manager, Managing Director or Company Owner Health and Safety obligations. It is being held on May 20, between 9 and 10.30 at the Marlborough Research Centre Theatre.
Disclaimer: The views and articles that are expressed and appear in Winepress are those entirely those of contributors and in no way reflect the policy of the Marlborough Winegrowers. Any advice given, implied or suggested should be considered on its merits, and no responsibility can be taken for problems arising from the use of such information.
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In the earlier part of the season, there tends to be low transpiration and cool soil temperatures, therefore limiting the In the earlier part of the season, tends to be low transpiration andtocool uptake of Nitrogen applied early spring.there Nitrogen required to sustain vine growth aboutsoil the temperatures, 4-5 leaf stage istherefor uptake ofprovided Nitrogenlargely applied early spring. Nitrogen required to previous sustain vine growth to about the 4-5 leaf thought to be from reserves stored in the vine from the season Immediately thelargely vines major is to buildin itsthe carbohydrate within the plant thought topost be harvest, provided fromconcern reserves stored vine fromreserves the previous season structure for the following spring Immediately post harvest, the vines major concern is to build its carbohydrate reserves within the plan Nitrogen is a key structure for macro-nutrient the following important spring for such functions as: Plant growth, carbohydrate production, photosynthesis and chlorophyll production, promotion strong fruit buds, goodgrowth, flavour carbohydrate and aroma Nitrogen is a key macro-nutrient important forofsuch functions as:and Plant productio compounds in the wine.
photosynthesis and chlorophyll production, promotion of strong fruit buds, and good flavour and arom in the wine. Workcompounds in Marlborough would suggest that a 10 Tonne/ha crop of Sauvignon Blanc removes approx 7kgs
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