MARCH Nevada Rancher Magazine 2020

Dedicated to the

The Oldest Independent Livestock Monthly in Nevada | March 2020 | Vol. XLIX | No. 3 | $3

BREEDING SEASON Make sure your mare is in her best physical condition

EQUINE DISEASES PAGE 14

Know the signs of disease to help prevent the spread

Horse STALLION SHOWCASE

PAGE 17

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Horses Are One Of God’s Best Gifts M A G A Z I N E

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(775) 623-5011 Read back issues digitally: issuu.com/winnemuccapublishing7 The Nevada Rancher (ISSN 0047-9489) (USPS #003-257) Published monthly at Winnemucca Publishing, 1022 S. Grass Valley Road, Winnemucca, NV 89445 Call us toll free at (866) 644-5011 Periodical Postage Paid at Winnemucca, 89445

As a sweet friend of mine said, “horses are one of God’s best gifts.” This couldn’t be truer. This issue is dedicated to the horse and features our annual stallion showcase.

Growing up, my sister and I shared a horse named Billy. He was a Van Norman horse that Dad let us steal from him.

Billy would stand still during our horny toad-catching adventures. Now, as an adult, I have found my daughter her own “unicorn” named Neal. Neal will go all day in the mountains moving cows with me, then be the best kid’s horse a mother could ask for!

The month of February was full of events for the Nevada Rancher Magazine.

Our staff writer, Jennifer, and I distributed magazines at the National Cowboy Poetry Gathering, Art of the Cowgirl, Klamath Falls Ranch Rodeo, Nevada Cattlemen’s All Breed Bull Sale, and the Winnemucca Ranch Rodeo! We also mailed out boxes of magazines to our bull sale advertising clients to distribute during their sales!

PHOTO: NANCY HARPER

Alison and Ashley riding Billy.

As spring finally approaches, I pray your gopher and squirrel count diminishes, that your saddle horses didn’t gain too many pounds over the winter and that your new bull purchases successfully fit your herd’s needs!

I hope you enjoy this issue.

— Ashley

Publisher: Peter Bernhard Editor: Ashley Buckingham Staff Writer: Jennifer Whiteley Contributors Heather Smith Thomas, David Glaser, Jessica Anderson, Sarah Hummel, Annie Mackenzie, Norma Elliott Sales Representative: Ashley Buckingham Office Manager: Tracy Wadley Production Manager: Joe Plummer Advertising Designer: Emily Swindle Graphic Design: Lauren Solinger Production Coordinators: Adam Trumble, Brad Bancroft, Kevin MacMillan The Nevada Rancher does not assume responsibility for statements by advertisers nor products advertised within, and The Nevada Rancher does not assume responsibility for opinions expressed in articles submitted for publication. The publisher reserves the right to accept or reject advertising or editorial material submitted for publication. Contents in The Nevada Rancher may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, including, but not limited to original contents and original composition of all ads (layout and artwork) without prior written permission. Subscription rate: $16.00 per year. All content copyrighted, March 2020.

POSTMASTER: Send address changes to: The Nevada Rancher, Winnemucca Publishing, 1022 S. Grass Valley Road, Winnemucca, NV 89445

BobiRose leads Neal to the trailer after a fun evening at the arena in McDermitt, Nevada.

Inside this issue: Many Factors Can Impact Stallions’ Semen Quality - pg. 10 Preparing Your Mare for Breeding Season - pg. 14 How You Can Support Ashton Rose Vipham’s Journey Through MLD - pg. 18 Looking Back At The Origin Of Cutting Horses - pg. 24 Images From The Cowboy Arts and Gear Museum’s 2nd Annual Bit Contest - pg. 28

4

THE NEVADA RANCHER — MARCH 2020

Cover Photo By: Mary Williams Hyde TJ Thompson wakes his horse’s feet up while waiting for the branding irons to get hot.

Hello from cow country

NCA Now Awarding Two Scholarship Opportunities

NCA President’s Monthly Message

I

recently returned from the NCBA National Convention in San Antonio.

It really is quite impressive — close to 8,500 attendees with an eight-acre trade show and vendors from all across the nation.

Leaders representing states from coast to coast came together to work on issues facing our industry. The overall attitude of the convention was very positive.

We have had a lot of industry wins over the past year and the current administration is committed to helping us as an industry.

We have been able to repeal and replace WOTUS, although the rule is not completely gone it is a lot friendlier to agriculture than it was.

There have also been positive changes to the EPA. The recent trade agreements are going to increase our export markets, not only to current trading partners but to other countries we have not exported to yet, which will obviously be positive for our industry.

Domestic demand for beef is in an upward trend thanks in part to the hard work done by the beef council through our check off dollars. The fake meat issue is one NCBA is continuing to work hard on. Legislation has been introduced

protecting the integrity of beef through labeling.

The focus in battling these plant based substitutes has been to focus on the positive traits of beef and the fact that beef has only one ingredient. Market research has shown that these substitutes only have one percent of the market share.

Not something we should take lightly, but still proving consumers enjoy the taste and nutritional benefits beef provides.

The Beef Quality Assurance program is one that seems to be becoming more important all the time.

While we are enjoying an increase in domestic beef demand, it is more important than ever that we work to build consumer confidence in beef.

At the NCBA convention, beef processors came forward to stress the importance of the program and to ask for more producer participation. I left this convention with a real appreciation for how much NCBA does and all those who dedicate their time and lives to keep the beef industry strong.

Next year’s convention will be in Nashville, I would strongly recommend that anyone wanting to be informed on beef issues outside of Nevada and wanting to visit an amazing trade show to attend; it will be worth your time.

Tom Barnes President, Nevada Cattlemen’s Association

Nevada Cattlemen’s Association Special to Nevada Rancher Magazine

In the past, the Nevada Cattlemen’s Association (NCA) has annually awarded a $1,000 scholarship to a first-year college student beginning to pursue an education within the agricultural industry.

This original NCA Scholarship is open to all Nevada High School graduating seniors planning to attend a Junior or four-year University and majoring in an Ag related field. The amount of this scholarship has been raised this year from $1,000 to $1,500!

The NCA is now pleased to announce that they are awarding a new “second” scholarship opportunity, which will be targeted toward agricultural students that have completed their first year of college and are returning to continue working towards their degree in agriculture.

It is called the Marvel/Andrae Scholarship, and the amount of the scholarship will be announced annually.

The 2020 Marvel/Andrae Scholarship amount will be $2,500!

The original seed money used to fund the Marvel/ Andrae Scholarship came from Agri Beef Company. This scholarship is to

recognize the legacies of Tom & Rosita Marvel and Jim & Sharon Andrae, and the many contributions these two Nevada ranching families have made to our ranching industry.

Eligibility & application requirements for the NCA Scholarship include: ■ Applicant must be a senior graduating from a Nevada High School.

■ Applicant must plan to attend a Community College or a 4-year College or University.

■ Applicant must be seeking a degree in an agriculturally related field.

■ Applicant must have a least a 2.5 GPA. A copy of the student’s official transcripts is required.

■ Applicant must submit a typewritten essay of 1,000 to 1,500 words on any current issue involving the beef industry, including references cited.

■ Three letters of reference.

Eligibility & application requirements for the Marvel/Andrae Scholarship include: ■ Applicant must plan to attend or be currently attending a Community College or a 4-year College or University.

■ Applicant must be from Nevada and pursuing a degree in an agricultural-related field.

■ Applicant must have at least a 2.8 GPA. A copy of the student’s transcripts is required.

■ Returning students that were previous recipients of the NCA Scholarship will be eligible to apply for the Marvel/Andrae Scholarship.

■ Applicant should submit a cover letter outlining their background, current studies, and College or University they are currently attending and educational goals.

Students and Educators interested in these two great Scholarship opportunities are encouraged to contact the Nevada Cattlemen’s Association.

Scholarship application forms can be downloaded from the Nevada Cattlemen’s website at www. nevadacattlemen.org, or applicants can call the NCA office at 775-738-9214 or send a request to nca@nevadabeef.org for a copy.

Completed application form and all required information must be postmarked

by April 1, 2020, and sent to: Attn: Research & Education Committee, c/o Nevada Cattlemen’s Association, P.O. Box 310, Elko, NV 89803; or submitted by email with the subject line, “2020 NCA Scholarship Applicant (Your Name)” to nca@nevadabeef.org.

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THE NEVADA RANCHER — MARCH 2020

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Remembering Our Loved Ones Tyler James Coble Tyler James Coble passed away on January 28, 2020 from osteosarcoma at the age of 24.

Tyler James Coble was born October 3, 1995 in Elko, Nevada to Christine Elordi and D’wayne Coble. Tyler attended and graduated from McDermitt Combined Schools. Upon graduation, Tyler attended Nueta Hidatsa Sahnisha College (NHSC) in Newtown, North Dakota where he received his welding certificate. Tyler traveled and lived many places, but his heart always belonged in Northern Nevada.

DaNielle Evans Guazzini DaNielle Evans Guazzini passed away unexpectedly on January 25, 2020 at the home of her daughter, Samantha in Donnelly, Idaho.

DaNielle had a happy childhood in the small rural town of Malad, Idaho. She was born on October 2, 1953, the sixth child of Dale and Arvilla Evans. She grew up in the magical days of free-range childhood that gave her an independent, confident spirit.

DaNielle had a heart that enfolded everyone who came her way. She was every kids’ “other

mother.” The unconditional love and encouragement she gave her family made them feel they could do anything. She was a mother bear and a safe haven. She had an extraordinary generosity, she’d gladly give whatever she had. Even her laughter was generous and infectious, it gave you a peak into her mischievous nature.

She was a mother and wife above all else. DaNielle worked numerous positions at Churchill County Telephone. From sales and repair to records and anything in-between. She worked there

Dave Grashuis Dave Grashuis, 73, passed away peacefully surrounded by the love of his family and friends on Friday, December 27th, 2019 in Reno, NV. He was preceded in death by his father, John, and his mother, Esther, as well as his brother, James, and brother-in-law, Roy. Dave was born in Michigan, raised in Washington State, and came to Nevada from Colorado in the early 80’s to work in the construction trade through which he eventually became a successful General Contractor.

Dave was very proud to serve his country during the Vietnam War. He served as a Sergeant E-5 in the 9th Infantry Division,

Maxine Mae Bell Duncan Maxine Mae Bell Duncan rose peacefully to heaven January 17, 2020 at the age of 92. She was born November 24, 1927 in Columbus, Ohio to Jack and Ada Bell. The family traveled around the country with her father working as a cowboy/horseshoer and her mother picking up the cooking duties. Maxine was the oldest of 9 children of which only 3 survived to adulthood.

In the early 1940’s the family

Pauleta Emagene (Grinder) Souza, age 91, of Lovelock, Nv. passed away peacefully on Jan. 6, 2020 in Carson City.

Pauleta was born in Talihina, Oklahoma on October 8, 1928 to Thomas Andrew Grinder and Clara Cox. As a toddler Pauleta moved with her parents and two older brothers, Clyde and Dale, to Marlow County, near Durant, Oklahoma where her parents were engaged in farming.

In 1937, in an effort to escape harsh living conditions created by the Great Depression and the Oklahoma Dust Bowl, the family traveled Route 66 to eventually settle in Merced, California.

Pauleta attended school in Merced. She met and married Robert Souza after he stopped by

Brothers; Tanner Coble and Tobias Elordi and Sister; Hailey Grace Rowley. He is preceded in death by paternal grandparents; James Wayne and Ernestine Coble, and his beloved and faithful companion; Molly.

Services for Tyler James Coble were held Sunday, February 9, 2020, at the Orovada Community Hall in Orovada, Nevada.

The family would like to thank Rope for Hope, Northern Nevada Children’s Cancer Foundation, LaRena Smith Bengoa Run, Ride or Walk for the Cure, Katie Garijo, Tyler’s Kings River family and all of his family and friends for their love and support.

from Feb 23, 1982 and retired as a plant record clerk Dec 15, 2006.

DaNielle married her great love, Sam Guazzini on July 16, 1988.

She brought to the marriage two beautiful children Michelle and Danny. Then she blessed Sam with two more beautiful children Samantha and Sam T. Sam and DaNielle had 20 beautiful years together. When she was widowed at the age of 55, leaving her to raise Samantha and Sam T on her own.

She is survived by her children: Michelle Sanders, Daniel Peter

Mekong Delta.

Dave was a well known figure in the Nevada horse community, successfully competing in reined cow horse events, cuttings, team penning and sortings for many years. He was also involved in various activities associated with the Reno Rodeo. Along with his wife, Kathryn, their GX Livestock Productions was responsible for producing numerous cuttings, reined cow horse shows, and team sorting and pennings throughout the Northern Nevada area. Additionally, he served as president of the Nevada Reined Cow and Cutting Horse Association and High Desert Team Penning Association.

settled in Las Vegas, NV where Maxine worked in a saddle shop and later for the Las Vegas Review Journal. In 1949 her parents and two younger sisters relocated to Lovelock, NV; soon Maxine joined them. It was in Lovelock where she met and married Bige Duncan on December 10, 1949. Maxine moved to the Duncan Ranch and together she and Bige raised kids and cattle for the next 60 plus years.

Maxine is preceded in death by

Pauleta Emagene (Grinder) Souza

6

Tyler was engaged to the love of his life, Tayloure Baker. Tyler worked for the Kings River Ranch and Humboldt Hay Haulers with Mark Smith. He enjoyed basketball and football, listening to music and playing the bass and guitar. He enjoyed hauling hay and driving semi. He loved to travel and spend time with his fiancé, Tayloure, as well as his family and friends. Tyler was always smiling and having a good time.

Tyler is survived by his fiancé and the love of his life; Tayloure Baker, Parents; Christine Elordi and D’wayne Coble, his grandparents; Gladys (Babe) and Dave Elordi.

Dave will be forever remembered by his loving wife and soul mate, Kathryn; sisters, Janet McAnally, Carol (Jack) Reid; children, son, Michael (Kim), daughter, Monica, Dustin, Damian (Katelyn);12 grandchildren, Chancey (Ryan), Glenn (Brandi), Matt, Garrett, Blake Edward, Brock, Brayden, Brody, Maddox, Ione, Lennon, Elliot; 2 great grandchildren, Landon and Jessa; along with nieces, nephews, extended family and many great friends.

Memorial donations in memory of Dave can be made to: Sparks Christian Fellowship, 510 Greenbrae Dr. Sparks, NV 89431.

Dave was a generous and loving husband, family man, proud papa and loyal friend who

her husband of 63 years, Bige; her parents Jack and Ada, sister Treva, sons Bige Jr and David, and daughter Debbie. She is survived by her sister, Bunny Andersen; son Dan Duncan (Joan), daughter-in-law Marie Duncan; grandchildren Dani Jeanne Lawrence (Tyler), Blake Portman (John), Kelli Edmonds (Daniel), Abigah (AJ) Duncan (Laura), and Blair Smith (Cameron); 15 great-grandchildren and numerous extended family members.

her parent’s house to offer Pauleta a job sorting figs at his father’s dried fig operation.

The arrangement apparently worked out better than expected as Robert and Pauleta were married in Merced on Feb. 4, 1946.

They had three sons, Bob Souza, Jr of Merced, (Becky), Bill Souza of Carson City (Kathy) and Dick Souza of Lovelock (Krista).

Pauleta and Robert worked as part of W.F. Souza and Sons in Merced, which included farming, a land leveling business and a cattle operation.

Pauleta was active in the Merced Garden Club and the sports activities of her three sons.

They moved to Imlay, Nevada in 1968 as part of Souza’s Flying M Ranch. Later, they moved to Lower Valley near Lovelock, Nv. when they purchased a small farm in Lower Valley. Pauleta was active in the Pershing

THE NEVADA RANCHER —MARCH 2020

Jeppsen, Samantha Guazzini Scholer (Chris), Sam T Guazzini (Jeri). Siblings: Arvilla Marie Neil (Bill), Dale W Evans (Gwen), Kim C Evans (Sue), Mark Clegg Evans (Shaleen). Grandchildren: Dustin, Taylor, Monique, Dakota, Makenzie, Kialyr, and Jaylyn.

Great-grandchildren: Bailee, Silas, and Jayden. In-laws, Lila Guazzini, Ted and Lorretta Guazzini, Gary and Morina Heser, and Jeff and Virginia Knight, along with numerous nieces and nephews.

She was preceded in death by her husband Samuel Ray

Guazzini, parents Dale and Arvilla Evans, sister Jean Renee Schlehuber, niece Laurie Sue Hubbard.

touched many lives. Heaven gained one great cowboy!

Memorial services for Maxine Duncan were held February 1, 2020, at the Catholic Hall at 685 11th St. in Lovelock, Nevada, followed by burial at The Lone Mountain Cemetery. In lieu of flowers, donations can be made in memory of Maxine Duncan to the Pershing County Kids, Horses, Rodeo – PO Box 1054; Lovelock NV 89419 or The Arizona Cowpuncher’s Crisis Fund – c/o Dean Cameron; PO Box 277; Humboldt AZ 86329.

County Cow Belles, now called the Nevada Cattle Women.

She was their Vice President in 1971-72, President 1972-73 and Pershing County Cow Belle of the Year in 1973.

She firmly believed that there would be no farming if not for the efforts of the women.

She was also proud to work in the kitchen of the Church of St. John the Baptist Catholic Church in Lovelock, cooking and serving meals after funerals and other church events.

Pauleta still owned the farm in Lower Valley at the time of her death. She is survived by her 3 sons, 8 grandchildren, 19 great grandchildren, 6 great, great grandchildren (with another on the way) and numerous nieces and nephews.

Pauleta is preceded in death by her husband Robert, her parents, two brothers, and one

great grandson.

In lieu of flowers the family requests that you donate to either the Pershing County 4H Club, or the Pauleta-Robert W. Souza Memorial (4H Round Robin trophy, Wells Fargo Lovelock).

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Some artificial vaginas are cleaned with a disinfectant like chlorhexidine, and this can be extremely detrimental to sperm.

Factors That Affect Stallions’ Semen Quality A

Heather Smith Thomas | Special to Nevada Rancher Magazine

nyone who uses a stallion for breeding — whether to raise a few foals for their own use or to stand the stallion at stud for outside mares (or to collect for shipping semen) — needs to make sure the stallion is fertile and can handle the job. Stallions should have a breeding soundness evaluation prior to the breeding season.

THE BREEDING SOUNDNESS EXAMINATION Even though checking his semen is crucial, before the veterinarian collects a sample to see if the stallion has enough sperm cells, it is important to assess the whole horse, including body condition and soundness. If he is sore in the hocks or the back, for instance, he won’t want to mount a mare or a breeding dummy. If there are any soundness issues they need to be corrected before breeding season.

There are several steps involved in evaluating semen. The horse needs to be collected more than once. If he hasn’t been used for breeding before, or hasn’t bred a mare since last year, the first collection is to clean out his epididymal reserves.

The testicles continually produce sperm cells and they are stored in the epididymis until ejaculated. If the sperm cells have been in storage awhile, they deteriorate and are not as viable as younger cells. The longer they are stored, the poorer the semen quality.

For this reason, most veterinarians collect the horse at least 3 times — once a day for 3 days or every other day for 3 days. Multiple collections clear out the old, stored sperm

10

cells before the actual semen evaluation.

Twenty-four hours after that third collection the stallion is be collected again for evaluation. This will give a better idea regarding what he will be producing during breeding season. His semen will be evaluated for motility, velocity, total numbers, and any major sperm defects that significantly affect fertility.

In a typical breeding soundness exam the stallion is collected, and then an hour later collected again. Sperm numbers in the second collection usually drop about half if you’ve cleaned out the epididymis with the previous three collections. This gives you an idea what his daily sperm output will be, so you can estimate how many mares the stallion will be able to breed or provide semen for during the breeding season.

After he’s been collected and his testicles are down and scrotum is relaxed, the veterinarian will palpate and measure the testicles to determine their consistency and size — whether average, above or below. The testicles will be measured with ultrasound to determine total mass and make a prediction of potential total sperm production.

Palpating both testicles to assess uniformity can also discover abnormalities such as a soft or too-hard texture, which often correlates with poor sperm quality and/or lower than expected sperm numbers. Semen collections also provide an opportunity to evaluate the penis for normal function and conformation.

The semen is checked, and cultured to check for potential infection. During or after the breeding soundness exam, if any major issues arise, these can be pursued with further evaluation. In some cases this may require a reproductive

THE NEVADA RANCHER —MARCH 2020

specialist who has the training, knowledge and equipment for this.

There are many factors that can affect semen quality in stallions. Dickson Varner, DVM, MS, Diplomate ACT (College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University) works with many reproductive issues in horses and often deals with fertility problems in stallions.

He says some of the things that can affect semen quality include genetics, age, medications and hormones.

Mares are seasonal breeders. A high percentage of mares stop cycling during winter, but stallions are much less affected by seasonal changes.

“If a stallion is fertile during the long days of the year he also tends to be fertile during the short days of the year,” Varner explains. “Some breeders collect and freeze semen from their stallions in the off-season when those stallions are not as busy breeding mares. Sperm numbers may be somewhat reduced during the shorter days of the year but semen quality is generally not impacted.”

There are many other factors that have more impact on stallion fertility than season of the year.

GENETICS Some stallions are simply not as fertile as others.

“Stallions are a lot like men; we are not culled based on our reproductive ability, as would be the case for most livestock,” says Varner.

Stallions are selected as sires based primarily on their pedigree, athletic ability, competitive performance record, and conformation. Fertility is not high on the list and tends to be an afterthought once they transition from an athletic

career to a breeding career.

“Generally, very little regard is given to their reproductive potential. If a stallion has a great performance record he is generally considered a good candidate for breeding purposes. He may start his breeding career with low fertility, however — and require veterinary assistance to maximize fertility,” Varner says.

In all other domestic livestock species (cattle, pigs, goats, sheep) fertility is a big issue; these industries do not want to perpetuate animals with low fertility.

“In cattle, their freezability of semen is also very important, especially in dairy cattle. Dairy bulls have been screened for decades for freezability of semen, but that’s not the case with stallions,” Varner says.

As a result, freezability of stallion semen is usually not as good, and can vary considerably from stallion to stallion.

BREED DIFFERENCES There are some breeds that have more problems with fertility than others.

“There’s likely a genetic component to that, which may include inbreeding in a breed with low numbers. In the major breeds like Thoroughbreds, Standardbreds, American Quarter Horses, and American Paint Horses, there is not as much inbreeding and none of those breeds would be considered less fertile, as a group,” Varner says. “The lesser-known breeds with less population dynamics may have some sub-fertile sires that transfer their reduced fertility to their offspring. This would be a direct genetic component.

There are some breed variations in fertility and some of this is simply due to limited numbers in the breed, and the need to propagate the breed by use of sub-fertile individuals.”

AGE In some breeds and disciplines, most stallions are not used as sires until their performance career is over, and their career might last until they are 20 years old or more.

“Then their fertility problems may be due to age-related testicular dysfunction,” says Varner.

All males, including stallions, are destined to develop age-related testicular degeneration if they live long enough.

“This condition can affect some stallions in their early teens, whereas it may not become apparent until the early to late 20s in other stallions. Their testicular dysfunction is associated with a reductions in testicular size, sperm output, and semen quality, and results in reduced fertility, or even sterility in advanced cases,” he explains.

have an adverse effect on semen quality,” says Varner. “If you check the literature, you’ll see that drugs like anti-ulcer medications can have a detrimental effect on testicular function.

Medication may have major or minor effects, depending on the individual stallion’s response to a particular medication.

FEVER

HORMONES

Fertility can also be reduced, generally on a temporary basis, due to altered testicular function associated with fever — which could be caused by illness or some other situation.

Normally, the testicles are kept a few degrees lower than body temperature, and males have well-designed thermoregulation mechanisms to aid in efficient sperm production. If body temperature is abnormally high, or there is too much insulation around the scrotum from swelling, fat, or some other factor, this can affect semen quality.

“If you put a diaper on the scrotum for 48 hours, some of these stallions will actually quit producing sperm for a period of time,” says Varner. “People generally think of reduced semen quality and fertility being associated with trauma to the scrotum (which causes inflammation and heat), but systemic infection or anything that causes a rise in body temperature can have a similar adverse effect. We encounter this fairly often; the horse was ill and had a fever for a few days and later developed a period of subfertility or infertility.

“Influenza and other diseases that cause fever can induce this problem, and in some instances vaccination (which often results in mild fever for a day or two) can be a problem.

A few years ago I talked with a Kentucky veterinarian who was wanting to know about this because it was required to vaccinate stallions annually for some diseases, and the vaccinations are usually given a month or two before the breeding season starts. The vaccinated horse can develop an elevated body temperature, which can result in a reduction in testicular function and fertility. Even though it is temporary, short-lived fevers such as this will often result in reduced semen quality.

“There would be a short period of time in which that horse could be less fertile. The length of the period of reduced fertility would be associated with the length of the fever episode.

Some hormones are known to impact fertility. Some trainers medicate performance stallions with progestogens (like altrenogest) to reduce aggressive male behavior.

“If given for a short period of time, like one month, studies we’ve conducted have indicated that in mature horses, such drugs do not seem to have a detrimental effect on semen quality,” he says. “Other studies have demonstrated that if the same drug is given in the peripubertal period (when a young horse is reaching puberty), it could have a detrimental effect on semen quality, and the possibility exists that the effect could be long-lasting.

“We’ve examined stallions here that have been treated daily with oral altrenogest as performance horses over a 3 or 4 year period, beginning when they were as young as long yearlings or 2-year-olds in training, and they have reduced sperm quality and reduced testicular size. There’s a likelihood that prolonged use of steroids can have a negative effect.

“In some instances we prescribe supplemental testosterone to enhance libido of breeding stallions. While the effect on libido can be pronounced, testosterone can result in reduced testicular size, reduced sperm output and fertility if given to excess. Blood levels of testosterone must be closely monitored following drug administration, so that the dose can be measured and adjusted to minimize the likelihood of such side effects.”

MEDICATION “We don’t know what kind of effect every medications might have on testicular function, but a person needs to realize that any medication given to a horse could potentially

A look at stallion semen.

STRESS Anything that causes a lot of stress can have a subsequent effect on fertility.

“It often depends on the duration of the stress, so we need a good historical perspective when a stallion comes in for an examination and has reduced semen quality. Racing or a lot of intense exercise produces body heat,” Varner says. “The localized heat can cause a reduction in sperm quality and testicular size. The history would include what the horse has been used for. It helps if the owner or trainer has been regularly taking (and recording) body temperature, such as after exercise, to see whether the temperature is elevated.

Severely hot weather can be a stress, especially if it goes

on for several days.

“In some states where heat and humidity are high, this environmental stress can induce a change in semen quality,” says Varner. “Some stallions, when exposed to hot weather, start to develop what we call a hydrocele, which is serous fluid accumulation in the cavity that separates the testes from the scrotum. If there is a lot of fluid in there, it tends to insulate the testes and they cannot thermoregulate properly and semen quality will deteriorate.”

HUMAN FACTORS Sometimes when people are collecting semen from stallions, the semen quality may be adversely affected by mismanagement, even though the stallion had good semen to start with.

“I consulted with a large breeding operation that had some issues with semen that were not seen in previous years,” he says. “Some of the management factors that likely contributed to reduced fertility include spraying the breeding dummy with disinfectant between semen collections for different stallions. Chlorhexidine can have an adverse effect of sperm if the stallion’s penis comes in contact with this disinfectant on the breeding dummy.

“Some artificial vaginas are cleaned with a disinfectant like chlorhexidine, and this can be extremely detrimental to sperm. Lubricants used for artificial vaginas can also be a problem, especially if used in excess. All lubricants are potentially detrimental to sperm, so you want to use the minimum amount necessary, and use only those lubricants that have the least toxic effects on sperm.”

For instance, if the stallion is allowed to mount the breeding dummy and doesn’t ejaculate, and more lubricant is added to the artificial vagina, and he mounts another time and does not ejaculate, and more lubricant is put in the same artificial vagina, the amount of lubricant that can contaminate the ejaculate can be excessive.

“This can have an extremely detrimental effect on semen quality,” says Varner.

Under natural circumstances, semen is transferred directly from the stallion into the protective confines of the mare’s reproductive tract.

“When we intercept that semen in an artificial vagina, we need to realize that semen preservation (whether it be frozen, cooled, or used within the hour) all begins with the collection process. The semen needs to be handled correctly and needs to be in an environment where it is not exposed to light, potential toxicants, or cold shock,” he says.

Semen quality can be greatly reduced in a stallion that actually has good semen, just by the way we mishandle it.

THE NEVADA RANCHER — MARCH 2020

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Preparing Your Mare For Breeding Season Scott Madill, Erin Malone and Christie Ward Special to Nevada Rancher Magazine

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t’s important to breed your mare when she’s in her best physical condition.

When evaluating your mare’s condition consider: ■ Is she having regular heat cycles?

■ Does she have a uterine infection?

■ Is her body condition ideal?

■ Is she up-to-date on vaccines, dewormers and preventative dental work?

Regular heat cycles and supplemental lighting Increasing your mare’s exposure to daylight 2 to 2.5 months prior to breeding can ensure regular heat cycles and ovulation: ■ To breed in February, start supplemental lighting in late November or early December.

■ Mares not previously exposed to supplemental lighting may take a longer time to cycle naturally.

■ For a March or April foal, lighting can begin as early as January because some mares won’t naturally cycle until early May.

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■ Expose pregnant mares, due early in the season, to lighting as they may stop cycling following their foal heat.

Rule out infections Many stud farms require a uterine culture (pre-breeding swab) on open mares to rule out infection. Uterine cultures can also benefit the mare owner by identifying undiagnosed infection. Infections can waste several heat cycles.

Occasionally, maiden windsucking mares will have an infection. A complete veterinary exam of the reproductive tract can check these mares for injuries and structural defects that affect fertility and cycling.

Barren mares likely underwent examination at the end of the previous season and are ready for a recheck.

Body condition We recommend breeding your mare when she’s in moderate body condition (body condition score of 5 to 6) and adding just a little weight.

Mares in moderate to good condition are more likely to cycle and conceive than mares that are too thin or grossly overweight. Managing your mare’s nutrition can help you establish the ideal body condition.

Breeding emergencies Make sure you have prepared for any breeding emergencies that may occur, especially during natural cover. During breeding, contact your veterinarian right away if the stallion has: ■ Blood on the penis.

■ Damage to the penis.

■ A swollen scrotum.

■ Colic.

While you wait, safely: ■ Try to locate the bleed source, check both the mare and stallion.

■ Take the vital signs you’re comfortable with on both horses.

■ If the penis is out, apply cold water using a hose.

Care of the broodmare Now that your mare is pregnant, the goal is to keep her healthy through pregnancy and then deliver a normal, healthy foal. Keep these biosecurity tips in mind: ■ Keep mares in small groups with others at a similar stage of pregnancy.

■ Separate long-term resident mares of the farm from outside mares.

■ Isolate pregnant mares from horses likely to shed illness (e.g. show horses, weanlings, etc.).

■ Isolate pregnant mares from recently bred mares.

■ Isolate pregnant mares using separate barns.

■ Don’t share water or feed sources.

Pregnancy exams and normal loss rates — days 14 to 16: first pregnancy exam ■ Ultrasound performed.

■ Twin pregnancy corrected.

■ Rebreeding planned if the mare isn’t pregnant.

■ Mares have a 6 percent chance of aborting by day 40.

Days 24 to 25: Pregnancy Exam (occasionally done) ■ Embryonic heartbeat found.

Days 30 to 35: Second pregnancy exam ■ Confirms the mare is still pregnant.

■ You can rebreed the mare successfully if abortion occurs before this time.

■ You can’t rebreed the mare if abortion occurs following 35 days; she will be infertile for 3 to 4 months due to endometrial cup formation in the uterus.

■ Mares have an 8 percent chance of aborting after day 40.

■ Older mares (20 years old) have an 21 percent chance of aborting at day 40, and 15 percent after day 40.

Nutrition during Pregnancy Feed your mare to maintain moderate to good body condition throughout pregnancy and lactation. You can expect your mare to gain 9 to 12 percent of her body weight during pregnancy.

The mare will gain two-thirds of this weight in the last three months when the majority of fetus growth occurs.

During the first eight months of pregnancy, a mare’s nutritional requirements remain the same as when she conceived. In the last trimester, the mare’s requirements increase faster than her need for energy so you will need to supplement her diet for the following: ■ Protein (requirement: 8 percent in early pregnancy, 11 to 12 percent in late pregnancy) ■ Calcium ■ Sugars ■ Phosphorus ■ Free access to high quality, immature grass or alfalfa will usually meet the mare’s energy and protein requirements.

But neither of these forages will meet her

increased need for phosphorus. Grass forages will also be too low in calcium. To correct this, mares should receive a daily salt-calcium-phosphorus mineral mix supplement. You can purchase supplements specific to the type of forage you feed.

Supplement with vitamins and trace minerals for fetal development. Copper, zinc, manganese, and iron are stored in the fetal liver.

Research shows mares that did not get a copper supplement in the last trimester had less sound foals than mares that did get copper. Feeding supplemental copper to the nursing foals didn’t correct the problems.

Give mares natural vitamin E daily, 30 days before foaling, to increase the passive transfer of antibodies from mare to foal.

Nutrition during lactation Once lactation starts, the mare’s energy and protein needs increase further. High quality forage with a mineral supplement can meet these needs, but most mares should also receive a grain/protein mix. You can feed these mixes around 0.5 to 1 pound per 100 pounds of body weight daily.

Most mares are re-bred around this time, and fertility is best when the mare maintains condition. After three months of lactation, a mare’s milk production declines.

You should start slowly decreasing her grain before weaning to help her dry up.

Scott Madill, doctor of veterinary medicine; Erin Malone, doctor of veterinary medicine; and Christie Ward, doctor of veterinary medicine, work with the University of Minnesota Extension. Go to extension.umn. edu to learn more.

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Determining Age Of Horses By Their Teeth Steve Foster Special to Nevada Rancher Magazine

Being able to pinpoint a horse’s age within a fairly narrow range can be of use to owners of unregistered horses or horses whose age is unknown for any reason.

The art of determining the age of horses by inspection of the teeth is an old one. It can be developed to a considerable degree of accuracy in determining the age of young horses.

The probability of error increases as age advances and becomes a guess after the horse reaches 10 to 14 years of age.

Age determination is made by a study of the 12 front teeth, called incisors.

The two central pairs both above and below are called centers, pincers, or nippers.

The four teeth adjacent to these two pairs are called intermediates, and the outer four teeth are designated as corners. Canine teeth or “tusks” may appear midway between the incisors and molars at 4 or 5 years of age in the case of geldings or stallions, but seldom appear in mares. Adult horses have 24 molar teeth.

There are four major ways to estimate age of horses by appearance of their teeth (see photo with this article).

1. Occurrence of permanent teeth

SOURCES:

2. Disappearance of cups and Galvayne’s groove 3. Angle of incidence 4. Shape of the surface of the teeth

Permanent Teeth Horses have two sets of teeth: temporary teeth called “baby” or “milk” teeth, and permanent teeth. In a 1-year-old horse, all the temporary teeth have erupted.

By 3 years old, most horses will have permanent center teeth, both upper and lower. Permanent teeth are larger and darker than baby teeth. By 5 years old, all the baby teeth are replaced by permanent teeth. At this point, the horse has a “full mouth.”

Cups and Shape of the Teeth On the grinding surface of the permanent incisors, there is an indented area with a darkish center in the center of each tooth.

This is called the cup, and horses can be aged by their disappearance. At 6 years old, the cups disappear from the bottom central incisors.

At 7 years old, they disappear from the intermediates, and by 8, they’ve disappeared from the corners. The top incisors lose their cups from the centrals, intermediates, and corners at 9, 10, and 11 years of age, respectively.

X “Determining Age of Horses

by Their Teeth,” Wayne Loch and Melvin Bradley, Department of Animal Sciences X “How to Age a Horse by its Teeth, No papers? No problem!” Lauren Feldman By 12, the cups are gone, and a horse of this age is sometimes referred to as a “smooth mouthed horse.”

Although complete accuracy cannot be ensured from studying cups, this method is second in accuracy only to the appearance of permanent teeth in determining age.

As cups disappear, dental stars appear — first as narrow, yellow lines in front of the central enamel ring, then as dark circles near the center of the tooth in advanced age.

Shape of the surface of the teeth The teeth undergo substantial change in shape during wear and aging. The teeth appear broad and flat in young horses.

They may be twice as wide (side to side) as they are deep (front to rear). This condition reverses itself in horses that reach or pass 20 years. From about 8 to 12 years the back (inside) surfaces become oval, then triangular at

There are four major ways to estimate age of horses by appearance of their teeth.

COURTESY PHOTO

about 15 years.

Twenty-year-old teeth may be twice as deep from front to rear as they are wide.

Galvayne’s Groove The “Galvayne’s Groove” is a dark vertical groove that occurs on the outer surface of the upper corner incisor teeth in mature horses and extends down the length of the tooth.

The groove first appears at the gum line in the center of the tooth when the horse is 10 years old. At 15 years old, the groove extends halfway down the tooth.

By 20, the groove extends the entire length of the tooth. After

20, the groove begins to disappear from the top of the tooth.

Angle of incidence As a horse ages, the angle of meeting between the upper and lower incisors becomes more and more acute as the incisors slant forward and outward. In young horses, the angle is between 160 and 180 degrees, and in a very aged horse, the angle might be 90 degrees.

As the slant increases, the surfaces of the lower corner teeth do not wear clear to the back margin of the uppers so that a dovetail,

TEETH, 17

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POETRY: HORSE’S AGE

A friend of mine shared the following little poem that can help you remember how to age horses.

Horse’s Age

To tell the age of any horse, inspect the lower jaw, of course.

The 6 front teeth the tale will tell, and every doubt and fear dispel.

Two middle nippers you behold, before the colt is two weeks old: Before 8 weeks two more will come, 8 months the corners cut the gum.

The outside grooves will disappear, from middle two in just one year.

In 2 years from the second pair, in 3 years “corners,” too, are bare.

At 2 the middle “nipper’s” drop, at 3 years the second pair can’t stop, When 4 years old the third pair goes, at 5 a full new set he shows.

The deep black spots will pass from view, at 6 years, from the middle two.

The second pair at seven years, at 8 the spot each corner clears.

From middle “nippers” upper jaw, at 9 the black spots will withdraw.

The second pair at ten are bright, eleven finds the corners light.

As time goes on the horsemen know, the oval teeth three-sided grow.

They longer get and project even more, till twenty when we know no more.

TEETH

From page 16 notch, or hook is formed on the upper corners at 7 years of age. It may disappear in a year or two, reappear around 12 to 15 years, and disappear again thereafter.

The condition varies

considerably between individuals, but most horses have a well-developed notch at 7 years old.

Steve Foster is an Extension Educator in Pershing County for the University of Nevada Cooperative Extension. Go to extension.unr.edu to learn more.

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Equine Diseases: Know The Signs, Prevent The Spread Dr. David Thain Special to Nevada Rancher Magazine

As high school rodeo event season ramps up, horse owners should be on the lookout for signs of illness in their animals. Some of the equine diseases we commonly see in Nevada are highly contagious, and a trusted veterinarian should be consulted as soon as possible.

Most importantly, if your horse is showing signs of disease, please do not risk exposing other horses by bringing them to rodeos, competitions or other events until your veterinarian has confirmed it is not contagious.

Reportable diseases The Nevada Department of Agriculture (NDA) oversees all Nevada Revised Statutes (NRS) regarding animal disease, including preventing their spread. Under that regulatory authority, the NDA’s Animal Disease Laboratory maintains a list of reportable diseases (available at agri.nv.gov/animal). Per NRS 57.160, when reportable diseases are diagnosed by veterinarians, the NDA must be notified.

When diseases are reported to the NDA or facilities are quarantined, NRS 571.160 also mandates that details about a facility remain confidential except in cases that present a public health risk (when a disease can be transferred from animals to humans).

There are a few reportable infectious diseases that have had impacts to the statewide equine community in recent years: Equine Herpes Virus – type 1 (EHV-1) and a bacterial disease called streptocococcus equi (commonly known as equine distemper or “strangles”).

EHV-1 is highly contagious and can cause respiratory disease in young horses, abortions in pregnant mares and neurologic disease in older horses. Vaccinations help but are not 100 percent effective; the best prevention is to always practice good biosecurity.

Strangles was recently added to the national list of reportable diseases and has similar initial upper respiratory symptoms as EHV strains. Strangles can cause lifelong respiratory illness in animals, but long-term is not as severe as EHV-1.

Pigeon fever, another reportable disease, is often confused with strangles for its similar symptoms, but pigeon fever is bacterial and does not have a vaccination available.

Other reportable diseases that the Animal Disease Lab monitors extensively include West Nile Virus (WNV), Western Equine Encephalitis (WEE) and rabies, all of which have vaccinations available for horses.

While WNV and WEE are serious illnesses that can lead to death, rabies is always fatal and may

expose humans to the disease.

This exposure requires exposure vaccination for all people exposed.

Equine infectious anemia (EIA) is a viral disease with no vaccine, and when contracted, a horse is permanently infected. State and federal regulations regarding EIA-positive horses require lifetime quarantine or euthanasia.

EIA tests (also known as “coggins” test) should be performed before any horse purchase.

Other illness Horse illness can also be caused by parasites (such as strongyles), plant poisoning (loco weed and yellow star-thistle are poisonous to horses), or a lack of adequate nutrition and exertional myositis caused by excessive activity, often referred to as “tying-up.”

The most important thing to remember is to contact your veterinarian at the first signs of illness and prevent exposure to other horses.

Dr. David Thain is the Interim State Veterinarian for the Nevada Department of Agriculture’s Animal Industry division. He previously served as the Nevada State Veterinarian from 1998 through 2006, and the University of Nevada Cooperative Extension veterinarian from 2006 through 2012.

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THE NEVADA RANCHER — MARCH 2020

17

Support Ashton Rose Vipham’s Journey Through MLD Friends, Family Band Together To Support Young Cowgirl Jennifer Whiteley Nevada Rancher Magazine

PHOTO: CARA SMALL

Ashton loves being outside and doing cowboy stuff with her family.

Here she helps mom Alexandra give shots at branding time.

Friends and family of Ashton Rose have organized a benefit dinner and auction to be held March 28th at the Elko Convention Center Conference Center.

Cocktails start at 5 p.m. with a delicious meal catered by Machi’s to be served at 6 p.m.

There will be several raffles, a live auction, and silent auction as well.

All proceeds will be given to Ashton’s family to help with expenses incurred while receiving treatment.

The major raffle includes 3 guns, a 6.5 Creedmore donated by the Pete Jones family of Elko, complete with a Leopold scope donated by Charlene Chambers of Mountain City, a Franchi Over and Under 12 gauge donated by Sterling Polis and Tana Jones, and a Weatherby .257 donated by Jack and Jake Wines of Spring Creek.

There are 45 pounds of ground beef donated by Maggie Creek Ranch and a Brough Ranch Wagyu Beef Deluxe Sample box. Last, but not least, a Cushel Drover’s Saddle made by Martin Saddles.

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seat, barbwire border tooling, 4” Monel stirrups, and slotted stainless conchos.

Silent and Live Auction items include custom cowboy hats from Chaz Hatz and The Atwood Hat Company, handmade quilts, stallion services from the Van Norman Family, Thompson Family, Linda Bunch, Kelly Family, and One Fine Vintage from Robertson Ranches.

There is also a Del Bieroth rocking horse and many other handmade items.

Just before Christmas, Ashton, the 2½-year-old daughter of Alexandra and Michael Vipham of Mountain City, Nevada, was diagnosed with Metachromatic leukodystrophy. Her family has spent many hours traveling as far as Iowa trying to get Ashton accepted into drug trials and for treatment to help slow the progression of this genetic disorder.

Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is one of a group of genetic disorders characterized by the toxic buildup of lipids (fatty materials such as oils and waxes) and other storage materials in cells in the white matter of the central nervous system and peripheral nerves.

The buildup of storage materials impairs the growth or development of the myelin sheath, the fatty covering that acts as an insulator around nerve fibers. Myelin is a complex substance made up of a mixture of

fats and proteins. MLD is one of several lipid storage diseases, which result in the harmful buildup of lipids in brain cells and other cells and tissues in the body.

People with lipid storage diseases either do not produce enough of one of the enzymes needed to break down lipids or they produce enzymes that do not work properly.

MLD, which affects males and females, is cause by a deficiency of the enzyme arylsulfatase A (ARSA), according to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke.

Enzymes are proteins that help break down, or metabolize, substances in the body. If certain enzymes aren’t present, the body will be unable to metabolize a substance. If the substance remains in the body, it may build up.

This can cause significant health complications.

Without ARSA, sulfatides build up in cells, especially in the cells of the nervous system, causing damage to various organs, including the kidneys and nervous system, which includes the brain and spinal cord.

These substances affect the nerves in the body, damaging them so that they’re unable to send electrical impulses. Muscle weakness or lack of muscle control is common in people with MLD and is a result of this type of damage to the nerves.

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APPRAISAL: $2,700,000 PRICE: $2,700,000

NEW LISTING: Wells ranch property for sale 3796 deeded acres in several pastures plus an underground irrigation permit for 125 acres.

Paul D. Bottari, Broker E-mail: paul@bottarirealty.com • Bus. 775-752-3040 • Res. 775-752-3809 • Fax 775-752-3021 • 122 8th Street • P.O. Box 368 • Wells, NV 89835

Need more ranch listings or additional information on these properties? Go to:

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18

THE NEVADA RANCHER — MARCH 2020

MLD, 19

MLD

From page 18 MLD is a rare disorder that’s reported to occur in one in 40,000 to 160,000 people worldwide. This number is higher in certain genetically isolated populations. MLD is passed down in families, or inherited. Children must receive a gene from each parent to develop the disorder.

Children who have only one gene for MLD are called carriers. Carriers can pass on the condition but don’t have any symptoms of the disorder, according to a Healthline article (go to bit.ly/2Hfhvsf to read more).

There are three forms of MLD. Each form produces similar symptoms and is identified by the age at which symptoms develop. The three forms of MLD include late infantile MLD, which appears in children between 6 and 24 months of age, juvenile MLD, which

appears in children between the ages of 3 and 16 years old, and adult MLD, which appears in teenagers or adults of any age.

Currently there is no cure for MLD. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and improving the quality of life for people with this condition. MLD is a progressive disease, meaning symptoms tend to worsen as the condition progresses. Lifespan often depends on the age in which a person is first diagnosed and tends to progress more quickly when diagnosed at an early age.

The Vipham family has a long hard road ahead of them while they travel for treatment for Ashton. Please join us in Elko to help raise money for this wonderful, young family.

If you would like to donate an item or purchase tickets, more information can be found on Facebook, search Support Ashton Rose Vipham’s Journey Through MLD, or call Jennifer at 775-934-3207.

Forgiving Horses Poetry by Annie Mackenzie

PHOTO: ROCHELLE WOODS

Ashton says hello to her horse colt “Poptart” after returning home from Salt Lake City.

I’ve heard people are who they’re going to be by the time they’re 8 years old, But horses will keep on learning and have more forgiving souls.

Horses remember how they were ridden by those who rode them last, But won’t hold you accountable for how they Annie were treated in the past.

Mackenzie With patience, they will put their faith in you, And that’s a lot more than most humans will do,

If you show them what you want they will give you all they got, And the sins of previous owners, will be all but forgot, They’ll work with you to achieve all your goals, And renew your faith in God with their forgiving souls.

Though a rambler, Annie Mackenzie has her roots planted firmly at the 4thgeneration family ranch in SE Oregon.

Her love of the land and way of life has inspired many a poem and song about the animals and people that live in her beloved High Desert. Follow Annie’s Facebook page, “Oregon Annie Poems from Owyhee”

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TOMMY LEE • 775.741.4523 THE NEVADA RANCHER — MARCH 2020

19

Foal Folly With a Happy Ending Sarah P. Hummel, DVM Special to Nevada Rancher Magazine

I got the text pretty late in the evening. Lacey Thompson enquiring about a foal that was weak, down, and not able to rise to nurse.

Lacey and TJ are not new to raising foals. They have been breeding and rearing all sorts of critters for a very long time and living out in Kings River also necessitates them being incredibly self-reliant and resourceful — they are handy to say the least.

So, when they decided it was best for me to come out, I knew it was serious.

When I arrived, two-day-old Sheldon was down and dehydrated. He had fecal staining around his tail indicating he likely had diarrhea. Diarrhea in a foal, especially one that is less than 30 days old, is a serious condition, as they deteriorate so fast.

They can go from normal to death’s door-step in 6-8 hours.

They become critical very quickly from dehydration, low blood glucose and possible sepsis (bacteria in the blood stream).

As a rule of thumb, young animals are more susceptible to dehydration because their intestines are shorter and do not absorb fluids as efficiently.

They are also more prone to

20

get life-threatening low blood glucose because their livers are not developed enough to regulate the glucose in times of fasting as it is in an adult animal. I have arrived to some similar foals that had not been eating for several hours that were seizing from not enough glucose.

As an interesting side-note, low blood glucose can lead to seizures as the brain is dependent on glucose as its source of energy. Without this energy it starts to misfire causing a seizure. Glucose in oral electrolytes facilitates transportation of fluid from the gut to the blood stream (REhydration), and it also acts as a source of energy.

The Thompsons had been in town that day, and they arrived home to sick Sheldon which is a common story around here as everything seems to be hours away from home. We milked out the dam who had large firm udders further supporting the suspicion that Sheldon had not been nursing for some time.

Luckily, she is a very good mare, as dodging a mean, kicking mare while trying to save her baby is quite insulting, especially late at night. We tubed Sheldon to give him some energy and get his glucose levels up. I pulled blood to do blood work and check to see if he received adequate colostrum as that is always a huge concern with

any young sick foal. We placed an IV catheter and hung fluids and also started intravenous and intramuscular antibiotics. Lacey is an incredibly nurturing person who is willing to do and try anything to give any animal a fighting chance, so I was able to throw the kitchen sink at Sheldon as far as treatments were concerned.

Luckily for everyone, Sheldon was a trooper. TJ and Lacey went out to a nursing foal the next morning. Sheldon was up and ready to conquer the world. He made a quick recovery thanks to some aggressive intervention early in the course of the disease.

Sheldon’s blood work showed that he had received adequate colostrum which was more good news. Sheldon was on antibiotics for several weeks, as well as oral treatments to scavenge or soak up toxic products from the intestines. We did not test Sheldon’s diarrhea to find a cause, but that is an option.

It is nice knowing a specific cause for diarrhea as it can be bacterial, viral, parasitic, or malabsorption. They kept a close eye on his joints for swelling, heat and pain indicating infectious arthritis, a common sequelae to these conditions.

His story has a very happy ending as he went on to grow up to be a fine animal. Good take home

THE NEVADA RANCHER — MARCH 2020

PHOTO: LACEY THOMPSON

Hannah, Nate and Laura Thompson pictured with the “Folly Foal.” points from Sheldon’s story are: ■ Diarrhea in foals can be serious. Foal heat diarrhea is a common occurrence around 4-14 days of life but it must be distinguished between other causes of diarrhea.

Foals feel good, act normal, do not run fevers, and continue to eat with foal head diarrhea.

■ Quick action is necessary in a good outcome for these little guys.

■ If you have any doubts, please call a vet sooner rather than later. We can try to determine if the situation needs intervention.

■ You are fighting similar problems in foal diarrhea as you do in other newborns which is dehydration, bacterial infection, sepsis, low blood glucose and failure of passive transfer to name a few.

Thank you all and I wish the best of luck to everyone during this exciting season of calving, foaling, whelping, queening, lambing, kidding, farrowing etc!

Sarah Hummel DVM 775-530-4137 Winnemucca, NV

Frozen Pies, Freezing Temps And Feeding Cows Jessica Anderson Special to Nevada Rancher Magazine

So this month may be all about the stallion showcase, but we know who the real studs are in our outfits. This time, let’s talk about feeding cows with the Cow Boss ...

And since most of us our elbows deep in feeding hay this time of year, this seemed more than appropriate.

“Okay, go ahead” he hollers from the feed wagon. “Slow down. “You’re going to fast.”

“Go, go, go.” “Quit letting the clutch out so fast.” “You don’t have to use your breaks, just put it in neutral and coast to a stop.”

“Do you really have to hit every bump out here?”

Do any of these phrases sound familiar to my other ranch wives, ranch girlfriends and ranch ladies? I am pretty sure this is the common dialogue we feed wagon drivers are privy to. Mind you, he doesn’t take into account the completely slick tires we have to drive on with the 1999 feed truck.

Or how the electric seats don’t work anymore and your 5 foot 3 inch height has a hard time reaching the petals when the seat is stuck at his 6 foot 2 inch reach. Or how he expects you to NOT hit every frozen cow pie out there, with zero tread on your tires.

Or what about when he has the genius idea to rope sick calves off the feed truck and trailer ... but expects you to track just like his finished bridle horse. Not to mention the extra 20 feet following behind you.

No sharp turns, dodge the baby calves and hungry mamas, all the while not dumping him off the back.

Don’t forget you need to miss the

irrigation checks that run parallel to the feed line set at 20 foot intervals. Maintaining constant speed on frozen icy pasture with slick tires, and carefully toggling between 2wd and 4wd, that way you have the best turning radius.

Without popping the clutch, bucking him off the back, and avoiding the undeserved eye roll, hind end remodeling, and vocabulary lesson.

Any ladies with me? Winter time can be trying ... feeding in sub-freezing temperatures, calving in the snow, and always fighting for that last bit of day light in our already too short of days. I have to admit, even though feeding cows comes with its causalities of war, it is my favorite part of the day. And there are always a few good laughs and stories to tell!

I love seeing all my momma cows. Yes some do have names, and I carry on conversations with them out the feed truck window while I am driving. Maybe this is to blame for my sub-par driving skills according the Cow Boss!

“Hey Gladdis, what’s new?” “Oh Dot, you are looking mighty fine today.” “Ruby, you are my favorite!” And then there is Rosebud, Large Marge, Buffalo Heifer, Lucy, Blondie, No Moo, and not too mention the calves with names like, Fancy Feet, CJ, Panda, Lonely Louie, and Darcie.

I’m pretty sure if I named them ALL, my husband might fire me! Ha! I’m the only help he can hire for FREE! But yes, feeding these mommas is a favorite time of my day.

We get to catch up on all the happenings, I get to see the calves grow and make beef, as well as see the new life being born.

Looking down from 30,000 feet on Nevada’s craggy, arid landscape doesn’t evoke an image of what most people think of as rangeland.

But this vast and seemingly desolate place as viewed from five miles high actually supports a vital and healthy livestock industry. In an environment which receives an average 7.5 inches of precipitation a year, careful and constant management of these particular rangelands is crucial.

More than 85 percent of Nevada is managed by the federal government under the supervision of the Bureau of Land Management, the U.S. Forest Service, and the military. Because private land is very limited, ranchers need to use some of these public lands, as well as their own, for grazing herds of cattle and sheep. Ranchers are given an allotment and a predetermined number of livestock are allowed to graze at a per-head fee.

COURTESY PHOTO

Jessica Anderson, The 2A Ranch Wife.

What an absolute blessing and reminder that God is good! So I will continue to endure the frozen pies, freezing temps, and feeding cows as long as I get to see my ladies with their babies! Stay warm out there, and if all else fails, turn the music on a little

This has been an agreeable partnership for close to a hundred years, with both parties active in managing the land to accommodate many uses such as wildlife habitat and recreation as well as grazing. The health of our rangeland is in everyone’s best interest.

Land has always been the foundation of our nation’s wealth and the men and women who work that land are the traditional caretakers.

Land management and conservation science have advanced greatly over the last decades and modern ranchers keep up, or are in the lead.

louder and say hi to YOUR ladies during feeding time!

Learn more about Jessica Anderson, The 2A Ranch Wife, at 2abeef.com, or find her on Instagran @2aranchwife.

Carefully grazed rangeland has been shown to be healthier and more productive than ungrazed land separated by only a wire fence.

Grazing animals control invasive species and organic matter that fuels destructive wildfires.

Like most of the west, Nevada has been impacted by urban growth, especially by the increased demands on a limited water supply.

Natural resources are under pressure so it becomes increasingly critical to manage our rangelands to benefit not only our livestock industry, but the very place we call home.

4780 East Idaho Street, Elko, NV 89801 • 775-738-4082 This ad is funded through the NRRC’s assessment of 10¢ per AUM paid by public land ranchers.

THE NEVADA RANCHER — MARCH 2020

21

Ranching Scrapbook

The Horse

Jennifer Whiteley

Nevada Rancher Magazine

The horse (Equus ferus caballus) is one of two extant subspecies of Equus ferus. It is an odd-toed ungulate mammal belonging to the taxonomic family Equidae.

The horse has evolved over the past 45 to 55 million years from a small multi-toed creature, Eohippus, into the large, single-toed animal of today.

Humans began domesticating horses around 4000 BC, and their domestication is believed to have been widespread by 3000 BC. Horses in the subspecies caballus are domesticated, although some domesticated populations live in the wild as feral horses.

These feral populations are not true wild horses, as this term is used to describe horses that have never been domesticated, such as the endangered Przewalski’s horse, a separate subspecies, and the only remaining true wild horse.

There is an extensive, specialized vocabulary used to describe equine-related concepts, covering everything from anatomy to life stages, size, colors, markings, breeds, locomotion, and behavior.

Horses are adapted to run, allowing them to quickly escape predators, possessing an excellent sense of balance and a strong fight-or-flight response.

Related to this need to flee from predators in the wild is an unusual trait: horses are able to sleep both standing up and lying down, with younger horses tending to sleep significantly more than adults.

Female horses, called mares, carry their young for approximately 11 months, and a young horse, called a foal, can stand and run shortly following birth.

Most domesticated horses begin training under a saddle or in a harness between the ages of two and four. They reach full adult development by age five and have an average lifespan of between 25 and 30 years.

Looking off the canyon rim on the JP Point to the Indian Hot Springs Crossing in the Bruneau River canyon while re-riding for cows in the fall.

PHOTO: JUSTIN DE BRAGA

A half draft horse branding on the Flintner Ranch as a storm rolls in.

PHOTO: SCOTTY FLITNER

Some of us are more civilized than others!

(Drinking from a cup) Riddle Ranches Wagon 2018. Ira Palfreyman, the cowboy and his horse Roger. Roger prefers his water from a cup.

PHOTO: ERIKA ZUNDEL

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THE NEVADA RANCHER — MARCH 2020

Just horsing around in Duckwater, Nevada.

PHOTO: MAGEE BRASWELL

Nick Dowers on the horse, running some horses that were at his trainers clinic last January.

PHOTO: CANDACE MERLINO

Flitner Ranch cowboys and neighbors at Whistle Creek Branding before a storm.

Morgan Flitner explains “The branding was April 2019, outside of Powell Wyoming.

It was a head and heel branding and we were lucky to have 30 friends and family that were able to come and help get 400 head in done one day. Scotty Flitner has a bunch of great photos from that day.”

PHOTO: SCOTTY FLITNER

Young Lena Kelly and her horse “Roadrunner” wait for the 5th load of yearlings to arrive for the day.

PHOTO: CRYSTAL KELLY

Cowboys on the C Punch Ranch. Just gathered some slicks off the mountain and we just were watering out horses after a long day. In the picture is Cow boss Scott Van Leuven, Hector Cruz, and Wacey Korneman.

And then there is this guy! Riddle Ranches Wagon 2018. Eli Burr and Erika Zundel share what is left of the water with “Big Enough!”

PHOTO: ERIKA ZUNDEL

PHOTO: ANDREA VAN LEUVEN

THE NEVADA RANCHER — MARCH 2020

23

COURTESY PHOTO

Buster Welch cutting.

Early-Day Cowhorses The Origin Of Cutting Horses Heather Smith Thomas Special to Nevada Rancher Magazine

H

umans have been using horses to handle livestock for a long time. Cattle were domesticated before horses because cattle were easier to capture; most tribes who used horses already had herds of cattle.

After they learned to ride their horses (rather than just using them to carry packs, pull carts and wagons) the next step was to use them for herding, gathering and capturing cattle. With the selective breeding that eventually took place, it was natural for horsemen to select for horses that had the ability to do the job.

Cow sense, as we know it today, is innate in many horses, in almost every breed. Arabians, for instance, have won against Quarter Horses in open cutting competitions. A certain segment of the Quarter Horse breed, however, has been bred as cutting horses and working cowhorses.

Modern super-star cowhorses

24

are created by careful selective breeding which has often included linebreeding and inbreeding, doubling up and concentrating that natural ability.

As Buster Welch (Texas trainer of outstanding cowhorses like Mr. San Peppy, Dry Doc, Marions Girl and Little Peppy) points out, cow sense is nothing new.

“There was an early clay sculpture of a guy jumping off a running horse and onto an ox, similar to our bulldogging today.

The horse has his ears laid back and his neck laid over onto the ox, really working that ox! That sculpture was created more than 2000 years ago! Ever since humans started handling livestock on horseback, there’s been some horses with cow in them. At different times in history, people developed this even more,” says Welch.

Nhen Native Americans got horses, this revolutionized their buffalo hunts. What was once a very difficult and dangerous job on foot (with not much chance of success unless they could spook the herd over a cliff ) became more productive for bringing home the winter’s meat.

Though still dangerous, hunting buffalo on horseback gave more

opportunity for success, especially if the rider had a good horse that could keep up with a hard-running buffalo and position his rider for close-range shots with a bow.

Those horses had the same cow sense our cutting horses have today, because the Indian riding his buffalo-running horse needed both hands to shoot his bow.

“I read that it took an average of about 25 arrows to bring down a buffalo, so the horse had to keep his rider in proper position.

I’m sure the Indian had a certain place he wanted his horse to be, during the run, or a certain distance from the buffalo, and he’d train that horse to do this on its own, just like our cutting horses,” says Welch.

EARLY RANCH HORSES “When I was working on Texas ranches as a young man, there were not many horses that had cow, but the ones that did were good horses. All of us young boys — and all the ranch hands — had what we called herd horses and drive horses,” says Welch. “You’d ride your drive horse gathering cattle. He’d be a horse that could go all day and not wear out. You had about 6 horses in your string.

You’d have one or two long-legged

THE NEVADA RANCHER — MARCH 2020

Thoroughbred-type horses that could cover a lot of country for gathering cattle. Back then the ranges were bigger and cattle were wilder, and you’d sure use up a horse.

“Then when the roundup was thrown together, you’d change to your herd horse. This was generally a 4 or 5-year-old young horse that you thought was going to be the best cutting horse in the world! You’d use him on the round-up, holding the herd.”

If you were a good hand, riding a good enough horse, the boss might put you between the cuts and the roundup, where the action was.

“If one of those horses started showing a lot of cow, one of the bosses would take it and make a cutting horse out of it. The big well-run ranches always had some good cutting horses,” Welch says.

Better horses made the work go more smoothly. All the cattle sorting was done horseback, without corrals.

“One time when I was at the King Ranch, they gathered about 2500 cows and calves into a large holding pasture; some of those pastures were 10,000 acres.

They’d ride in and cut out about 700 cows as they were lined out

grazing — just enough cattle to work that day,” he says. “One time we gathered 1500 head to work in one day, and didn’t finish until 10 o’clock that night. They used horses for any sorting — to wean the calves, or sort off culls to sell — and this sure took a good cowhorse.”

When Buster was very young, he stayed with one of his uncles.

“The ranch was planning to have a roundup in a few days. My uncle had several young horses he was getting ready. Out there in the mountains, some cattle would travel 2 days to water, then lie down and spend the day by the water,” Welch recalls. “They’d get up and water again before leaving to go back to grass. You couldn’t hardly run them away from that water!”

It was a good place to work a horse on cattle, since the cattle didn’t want to leave the watering area.

“I was only 8 years old at the time, and he had me on one of those young horses, holding two others while he went in and worked each of them a little bit on a cow. He also roped a couple cows. He was getting those horses ready to go work on the roundup. Cowboys had a lot of pride

in their horses, and these were the first cutting horses. It was all open range and maybe 10 wagons (from different cattle outfits) would come together to work a range to gather their cattle,” says Welch. “They’d elect a captain, and his word was law. He told them how to work the cattle, where to work them and if there was a dispute about a calf, he settled it. Everyone did what the captain said, and it made things go smoother. He’d tell each outfit when it was their turn. He’d say, ‘Wagon One, hold herd, wagon two cut your cattle out,” says Welch.

“If you weren’t riding a horse that could cut cattle without disturbing the herd, the boss could send you out, and cut your cattle for you. That was humiliating, to have to get out of the herd, in front of everybody, and have someone else do it! The next year you’d try to come back on a better horse!”

The cowboys always argued about which ranch had the best horses, and had contests.

“The cowboys came together to show off their horses. All the ranchers had a fall gathering and rodeos. They advertised one big contest in 1898 as the one to decide, once and for all, which ranch had the best cutting horses!” recalls Welch.

THE TEXAS COWBOY Texas methods of handling cattle and training horses were different from California tradition.

California ranches didn’t have to sort cattle like the cowboys did in Texas with mixed herds and mixed ownership, and Spanish tradition influenced the ways California cowboys handled their cattle.

The Spaniards trained their horses in a hackamore, then gradually put them into a spade bit.

Training was aimed at creating a bridle horse that was perfectly controlled by the rider, rather than having the horse doing its own thinking while working a cow.

Welch says the Californians didn’t want their horses even looking at a cow. They wanted horses that could perform exactly as the rider directed them. By contrast, the Texas cowboy needed a horse that could think for itself and handle a cow, making the long grueling days’ work go more smoothly.

“There were several million wild cattle in Texas when the boys came back from the Civil War. It was brushy, rough, country. When those cowboys set out to round up wild cows, they had to get good at it!” says Welch.

In Texas, the early ranchers were Europeans — hardworking Germans, Englishmen, Irishmen, Scottish, etc. who came West — and they developed a different type of horsemanship to fit their conditions.

Their style of roping, for instance, evolved because of rough country and thick brush. Ropes were stout and short, tied hard and fast to the saddle horn — since you might only have a short

COURTESY PHOTO

Nikkolis sorting bulls. open space in which to catch the cow.

By contrast, the Californians used longer, lighter ropes, and dallied around the horn, playing the animal like a fisherman plays a fish — since there was lots of open space and more room to maneuver.

Texans developed a heavier, sturdier saddle, with double rigging, and used bigger, stouter horses for roping. The Californians could get by with smaller horses and center-fire rigging on their saddles, since there was not as much strain on equipment.

In Texas, stockmen handled millions of cattle. For instance the XIT ranch had 3 million acres (the brand stood for 10 counties in Texas). The King Ranch supplied all the cattle for the XIT ranch, and drove the big herds up there.

“Texas cowboying was altogether different from the California tradition. At first, they couldn’t compete with us in cutting, but then the younger guys adapted to our way of doing it and got good at it,” Welch says. “At first, anyone interested in riding or training cutting horses went to Texas to learn how to do it!”

Horses were an important part of everyday work on Texas cattle outfits. The King ranch had more than 60,000 head of cattle on their 4 divisions. Together, those divisions included 825,000 acres.

Pastures might be 40,000 acres or larger, with lots of brush where cattle could hide. It might take 2 weeks to gather 1,500 cattle out of a pasture — to brand calves or wean, or sort out the older cows or bulls to cull. Once gathered, the cattle would be sorted in an open area. There were no stock

pens, trucks or trailers, so all the sorting and moving was done with horses.

Texas cowboys wanted a horse for herd work that could handle cattle, doing it with agility and intelligence. The horse was always a large factor in the horse/rider team, and a good horse usually had a mind of its own.

Welch says that with a good cutting horse, some riders would cut on them too long, and the horse would eventually quit.

“People would talk about some old famous horse, and after he got too hot and tired on a hard day, he’d just rear up and come out of the roundup, and the rider couldn’t do anything about it,” says Welch.” Those horses would maybe work hard for 3 or 4 hours, and when they got tired, they’d just come out. Most good horsemen wouldn’t push a horse that hard, but it happened sometimes.”

Horses on most of the early Texas ranches were of mixed breeding, often containing Spanish blood and some Thoroughbred.

There were no Quarter Horses yet; the best well-bred ranch horses were Thoroughbreds that had speed and conformation for athletic ability.

The same burst of early speed that made some Thoroughbreds better at short racing (and they helped create the Quarter Horse) also made them ideal for cattle work — outrunning, turning and heading a cow, catching up with a fast calf for roping.

Welch says the King Ranch was a great incubator for cowhorses; the ranch breeding program produced some of the great progenitors of today’s cutting horses.

Captain Richard King, founder of the King Ranch, purchased a

Spanish land grant for the original ranch in 1853 and bought several Thoroughbred stallions in Kentucky. His grandson Bob Kleberg, Jr. took over management of the ranch in 1916 from his father (Robert Kleberg, Sr. who was King’s son-in-law) and developed the King Ranch Thoroughbred breeding program.

This produced several famous racehorses, including the 1946 Triple Crown winner Assault.

Some of the Thoroughbreds Bob Kleberg purchased played a key role in producing King Ranch cowhorses. Many Thoroughbreds and part-Thoroughbreds made up the King Ranch cowhorse breeding program.

Those stallions included Hickory Bill (son of Peter McCue) and Old Sorrel (a son of Hickory Bill).

Old Sorrel came to the ranch as a foal when his mother (a Thoroughbred mare) was purchased.

As a young stallion, he became the best cowhorse the ranch had ever owned.

All the King Ranch horses had to prove themselves before they were used for breeding. This was why the King Ranch cowboys often rode mares — to find out which ones were the best cowhorses, and used only the good ones for breeding.

Buster Welch was told by Helen Groves (an exceptional horsewoman and horse breeder herself, who worked more cattle than most cowboys) that her father, Bob Kleberg, always rode mares, to select the best for breeding.

And he’d line breed them. If they had a lot of cow, he’d breed them to a related stallion that had a lot of cow.

LINEBREEDING TO DOUBLE UP COW SENSE AND ATHLETIC ABILITY Most of the Texans who were trying to improve their cowhorses or upgrade their little Spanish mares used Thoroughbreds, and many of them did a lot of inbreeding and linebreeding to try to perpetuate the qualities they wanted in a ranch horse — to be able to produce horses that always showed a lot of cow.

The King Ranch breeding program experimented with ways to guarantee the traits of a good cowhorse — since good ones rarely passed on their abilities to more than one generation. The ranch wanted stallions that could sire horses as good or better than themselves, for many generations to come.

The King Ranch began producing its own unique type of horses by choosing one stallion — Old Sorrel — that exemplified the traits they wanted, and linebreeding to him. Old Sorrel was a grandson of the famous racehorse Peter McCue and the son of Hickory Bill.

After the sorrel stallion proved himself to be an exceptional cowhorse, the goal of the ranch breeding program was to develop ranch horses that had his traits.

To start the process, they selected 50 of their best mares (best for handling cattle) to breed to Old Sorrel.

These mares was mostly Thoroughbred. Their foals, by Old Sorrel, were used for working cattle and many went into the breeding program.

The first attempt to perpetuate characteristics of Old Sorrel was

THE NEVADA RANCHER — MARCH 2020

COWHORSES, 26

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COWHORSES

From page 25

to breed him to his own daughters. But those foals didn’t meet expectations. So the next attempt was to line-breed back to Old Sorrel, using his sons.

Two of his sons, Little Richard and Cardenal, were often bred to each other’s offspring — a cross which produced Peppy P-212. His descendants include Mr. San Peppy, Peppy San, Peppy San Badger (Little Peppy), Peponita, Poco Margaret and Showdown.

Another son of Old Sorrel, Solis (out of a Thoroughbred mare), was mated with daughters of Old Sorrel. Bob Kleberg stated that the results of this mating were very gratifying and that a long stride toward a fixed type had been made.

One of those offspring, Wimpy, was named Grand Champion Stallion at the Fort Worth Stock Show in 1941 and was given the number One in the newly formed AQHA stud book.

Wimpy was by Solis and out of Panda, by Old Sorrel. He became a major part of the King Ranch breeding program and sired several important stallions that were sold to other breeders — including Showdown, Bill Cody, Wimpy II and Silver Wimpy.

The latter 3 stallions were all out of daughters of Old Sorrel, and Showdown was linebred back to Old Sorrel several times on his dam’s side.

Silver Wimpy (bred to a Thoroughbred mare that was by a government Remount stallion) sired Marions Girl, a mare that Buster Welch considers one of the greatest horses he ever rode. He won the World cutting on her in 1954 and 1956.

“I had to beat Don Dodge on Poco Lena, and they were tough to beat!” says Welch.

The King Ranch created a line of cowhorses through line-breeding (back to Old Sorrel), horses that had a big influence on modern working horses. Bob Denhardt, in his book The King Ranch Quarter Horses, stated that if the American Quarter Horse Association had not been formed, the King Ranch could have started its own breed registry using the offspring of Old Sorrel.

The prepotency (creating uniformity and working ability in his many descendants) made the Old Sorrel line a valuable addition to modern-day working horses.

This is one example of how inbreeding and linebreeding (within what eventually became the Quarter Horse breed) helped to “fix” the cow sense and natural working ability that we find in so many Quarter Horses today.

TRANSITION INTO MODERN CUTTING By the 1970s, the King Ranch managers were looking for a new stallion to revitalize their horse breeding program. The ranch

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Welch (Greg) cutting. had 300 broodmares — bred to be hardy cowhorses with good conformation, good minds, with ability to survive harsh range conditions.

But by the 1970s, the foal crops

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THE NEVADA RANCHER — MARCH 2020 AD_POWELL_LivestockTruckScale_10x14.indd 1

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that went back to King Ranch breeding.

Stephen “Tio” Kleberg was in charge of the horse breeding program and decided that one of those good cutting horses might provide the new blood, with the added advantage of having Old Sorrel in his pedigree.

They finally chose Mr. San Peppy (owned at that time by Buster Welch) to be the stallion that could sire the kind of ranch horses they needed--with athletic ability, plus endurance for working cattle on long hot days on the ranch.

They also realized there was money to be made in raising more of these horses, since cutting was becoming popular. They added a program to raise and train horses for the cutting horse market, and in 1974 hired Buster Welch to help build the program. At first they kept it ranch oriented, rather than focusing entirely on the cutting horse market.

At that time, cutting as work and cutting as a sport worked hand in hand, and Tio Kleberg found that a good King Ranch cutting horse in the competitive

arena was their best advertisement. Some of the ranch’s best horses went on the road for competition.

But the King Ranch didn’t sacrifice durability for performance in the show ring. It was a balancing act to create outstanding cutting horses and ranch horses. Tio later said that some competition horses wouldn’t be able to last a week at the ranch because they were not big enough; you couldn’t rope a 1200 pound cow on them. He didn’t want to forfeit strength and size in their ranch horses.

The King Ranch was pleased with offspring of Mr. San Peppy from their ranch mares, and was soon looking for a son of this stallion to augment the breeding program. They found what they were looking for in Peppy San Badger (Little Peppy).

For 2 decades (until the last King Ranch sale in 1994) they bred many outside mares as well as producing outstanding horses for the cutting horse industry, to be sold through their annual sales. By that time, cutting had taken on a life of its own.

Most cutting horses today never see a cow except in the competition arena and during training; rarely do you find one that is actively used on a ranch. Cutting is big business and a sport that many people enjoy.

But these exceptional equine athletes that carry their riders to exciting wins in the cutting arena trace back to the hardy working horses that toiled on the hot, dusty roundups, where the good ones made a tired cowboy’s job a lot easier and much more satisfying.

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Jon Peters Takes Top Honors in Bit Contest U.S. Silversmiths Compete At Cowboy Arts And Gear Museum in Elko Jennifer Whiteley | Nevada Rancher Magazine The Cowboy Arts and Gear Museum in Elko, Nevada, was the site for the 2nd Annual Bit Contest, held during the National Cowboy Poetry Gathering, with a reception January 31st.

Twenty-three talented silversmiths from across the United States submitted their bit entries for a shot at over $5,000 in grand prize money sponsored by the Elko County Visitor’s Authority and J.M. Capriola Co. The contest is held in conjunction with the Great Basin Gear Show. Bits are judged by a 3-person panel and ranked in order 1st-5th place.

John Wright announced the 2nd annual bit-making contest and sale to benefit Cowboy Arts & Gear Museum in July of 2019. During the summer of 2018, Wright found several blank cheekpieces patterned

by G.S. Garcia and cut out by Les Garcia in storage and thought it was an opportunity to challenge the skills and creativity of emerging and established craftsmen, and give them the chance to win more than $5,000 in prize money and have their work displayed in the show.

This year’s contest featured the Nevada Style cheek piece. Contestants paid $250 to enter the contest and then received a pair of blank Nevada cheek pieces. Half of the entry money goes into the grand prize purse and the other half goes to the Cowboy Arts and Gear Museum.

Each bit is numbered, stamped with the CAG logo, each maker’s mark, and the year made. Makers use the blanks as a canvas for his or her own individual style, ranging from traditional to a contemporary flare. Makers also have the freedom to customize their bit with the mouthpiece of their choice.

This year, Jon Peters of Escondido, California, took first place honors with his #1 inlaid Nevada cheek piece bit with spade mouthpiece. Peters work evolved from automotive pinstriping and airbrushing to leatherwork, and metal engraving. His work has been influenced by the iconography and motifs of the West.

He spent his early years working with horses, riding, and traveling to horse shows. This time gave him a deep love and respect for horses and the people who ride and care for them. He became interested in the gear used and began thinking about the engineering behind the gear and how it is put together.

His bit incorporates flowers and scroll work.

Mark Dahl of Starr Valley, Nevada, placed second with his #23 inlaid Nevada cheek piece bit with a U.S. mouthpiece. Dahl is an Elko County native and a founding member of the Traditional Cowboys Artists Association. With over 25 years of artistry, Dahl carefully hand-engraves the silver in his pieces so that each cut reflects light and maintains its beauty for years. His inlays are sterling silver.

Third place went to the #9 bit crafted by Chris Cheney of Rexburg, Idaho. Building mostly California styled spade bits and Wade type saddles is a passion for him. He constantly challenges himself to produce his finest work. Creating something that is useful to a working cowboy and yet beautiful enough to be regarded as fine art is his constant goal.

Cheney submitted this stunning blue inlay bit with a spoon-spade with rollers mouthpiece, complete with a Nevada silhouette.

The #13 “Nevada Rattlesnake bit” made

by Curtis Hill of Wichita, Texas placed 4th.

Hill believes in building quality gear for

28

PHOTOS: NICOLE POYO

Nevada style cheek blanks ready to be sent out. Each contestant bought a set of blanks on which to design their bit.

ABOVE AND BELOW: The first-place bit made by Jon Peters.

Bit #8 is a collaboration piece. The bit is built by Jon Peters and engraved by John Wright. The headstall and silver is made by John Wright. Rawhide rein body braided

by Dan Ames and rawhide buttons by Kelly Wahlen. All proceeds from this set up went directly to the Cowboy Arts and Gear Museum. the working cowboy so it can be passed through the generations. The rattlesnake slithering up the cheek piece definitely makes this bit unique!

Lastly, Jim Dunlap of Williams, California placed 5th with his Nevada style cheek piece bit with alligator-spade with rollers mouthpiece. To Dunlap, the most iconic Garcia pattern was the Dandy Spur. He incorporated the Dandy star in the Nevada cheek piece along with over 160 inlays. He hopes this bit brings to mind the great and innovative designs of G.S. Garcia and the great silversmiths that worked for him.

THE NEVADA RANCHER —MARCH 2020

The bits were sold by silent auction during the opening reception. Each maker in the 2020 Bit Contest set an individual reserve on their bit. 15% of all sales went to the Cowboy Arts and Gear Museum.

This tax-deductible donation helps support the Gear Museums mission and the preservation of the Cowboy Arts. Bids were placed in person, by phone, or internet

during the reception.

Information for the Cowboy Arts and Gear Museum’s 3rd Annual Bit Contest will be available late this summer. For more information, contact John Wright at 775340-0789. To see all of the 2020 bits, you can find them on Facebook on the Cowboy Arts and Gear Museum page, or www.cowboyartsandgearmuseum.org.

ABOVE AND BELOW: The second-place bit made by Mark Dahl.

ABOVE AND LEFT: The third-place bit made by Chris Cheney.

ABOVE AND BELOW: The fifth-place bit made by Jim Dunlap.

ABOVE AND RIGHT: The fourth-place bit made by Curtis Hill.

THE NEVADA RANCHER — MARCH 2020

29

Elko County High School Rodeo Club News Rodeo Club Members Shine During National Cowboy Poetry Gathering Syerra Silva Elko County High School Rodeo Club Reporter

During the National Cowboy Poetry Gathering, the Elko County High School Rodeo Club had the privilege to teach the youngest generations in school about the sport they love, rodeo. Their week kick started on January 27, 2020. The entire club split off into groups and visited the kindergarten classes at many schools around Elko.

On Monday, January 27, members Corinna Sollinger, Audrey Wright, Logan Jones, Emmett Silva, and Syerra Silva, took on Spring Creek Elementary. While members Cody Fowers, Charlie Wright, Javonni Brown, Dekklan Albisu, and Lexi Carter took on the newest grade school, Liberty Peak Elementary.

At each school the club put on a presentation and demonstration where the

kindergarteners had the opportunity to have a taste of rodeo competition.

They presented events such as barrel racing, team roping, breakaway roping, goat tying, bull riding, and saddle bronc riding.

The kids at these schools who have never seen or have had the opportunity to participate in a rodeo, were overjoyed when they ran through the barrels on the fastest horses or in their case, stick horses. Not only were the kids having the time of their lives, the club members made memories that will last a lifetime.

“It has always been one of the best weeks of the year for me because we get to teach these kids about our favorite sport. We all get to be role models and they get to see real cowgirls and cowboys!” says high school rodeo club member Syerra Silva.

Syerra and other club members went to another school on Tuesday, January 28. Joining her, going to Mountain View Elementary would be members Kayden Henderson, Jace Williams, Logan Jones, Dekklan Albisu,

PHOTO: JENNIFER WHITELEY

Elko County High School Rodeo Club members Emmett Silva, Dekklan Albisu, Trent Whiteley, Cody Fowers, Logan Jones, Javoni Brown, Kayden Henderson, Jace Williams, and Syerra Silva talk to Mountain View Elementary kindergarteners about the sport of rodeo and the events they participate in.

Cody Fowers, Javonni Brown, Trent Whiteley, Quin Whiteley, and Emmett Silva.

The club was in for a challenge as they were in the presence of nine kindergarten classes. The task of taking class by class through the barrels, up to rope, or ride in a bronc saddle, was no match for

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THE NEVADA RANCHER — MARCH 2020

the club, however. Kindergartener by kindergartener, Elko’s club members helped the kids run, ride, and rope.

As many can imagine, this act could have substituted for a workout session in the gym! With sweat glistening, and lungs heaving, the club gave their last heartfelt goodbyes, and left the school satisfied with their work. Another great day had come and gone for the rodeo club. Still, the rest of the week lay ahead of them.

On Wednesday, January 29, Sage Elementary and Grammar #2 Elementary was next on the list. These would be the final schools the rodeo club would visit for cowboy poetry week.

Rodeo club members Lexi Carter, Dekklan Albisu, and Landon Albisu, headed to Grammar #2, while Emma Borg, Logan Jones, Cody Fowers, Syerra Silva, Javonni Brown, Kayden Henderson, Charlie Wright, and Emmett Silva visited Sage Elementary.

At Sage Elementary, the club presented in front of three kindergarten classes that day. For each class, the rodeo club was to present bull riding, saddle bronc riding, team roping and barrel racing. The kids then had a chance to experience these events outside, on stick horses and roping dummies of course.

Although there wasn’t as many kindergarteners, there was just as much laughter and fun! Class by class, the rodeo club led the kids through the barrel racing pattern and encouraged them while they swung a rope, hoping to catch a steer.

CLUB SCHEDULE DATES OF RODEOS August 23-25, 2019 September 6-8, 2019 September 20-22, 2019 October 4-6, 2019 October 18-19, 2019 (FR/SAT) November 1-3, 2019 November 15-17, 2019 February 21-23, 2020 March 13-15, 2020 March 27-29, 2020 April 3-5, 2020 April 17-18, 2020 (FR/SAT) May 1-3, 2020 May 8-10, 2020

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NATIONAL FINALS June 21-27 JHS National Finals, Des Moines, Iowa June 28-July 6 Silver State International Rodeo, Winnemucca July 19-25 HS National Finals, Lincoln, Nebraska After the last class exited the room, the rodeo club enjoyed beverages the school administration had provided in appreciation for their time. Another year of kindergarten presentations had come and gone. The rodeo club was far from over, however, as the fifth-grade rodeo was just around the corner.

Thursday, January 30, the date of the fifth-grade rodeo, had finally arrived.

The fifth-grade classes that would be attending, came from Liberty Peak Elementary and Spring Creek Elementary. The Spring Creek Horse Palace was reserved for the Rodeo club to put on a rodeo exclusively for the fifth graders. The fifth graders arrived at ten o’clock, and the rodeo began.

The club carried in the American Flag, Nevada’s state flag, and the rodeo club’s flag, stated the pledge of allegiance, and

then the fun began! The rodeo club performed barrel racing, pole bending, goat tying, bull riding, team roping, breakaway roping, chute dogging, and saddle bronc riding.

All throughout the rodeo, the fifth graders cheered on competitors, enjoying the performance, and hot chocolate. As the fifth graders exited the Horse Palace, the rodeo club gave high-fives, autographs, and many hugs.

Yet again, the rodeo was a success!

Up next, the rodeo club will put on a dinner fundraiser. It will include a silent auction and live auction on March 21st at the Elko Basque House.

Doors open at five o’clock, dinner at six-thirty p.m.

There are limited tickets so get them while you still can, or if you would like to donate, call 775-777-5192.

All proceeds support the Elko County Rodeo Club.

Nevada FFA’s March Madness FFA Students From Across State Gear Up For State Convention Heather Dye Nevada FFA Executive Director

For many, March means basketball, spring and fourleaf clovers. For Nevada FFA, March means madness! Each year students from throughout Nevada travel to Reno for the annual Nevada FFA State Convention.

Hours of practice, planning, tears and miles have gone into preparing for this big event. For 91 years agricultural education and FFA students have been recognized at this event for their hard work and many accomplishments.

You can view some of the highlights on March 17-21 via Nevada FFA’s social media outlets.

Although the convention doesn’t follow a calendar or fiscal year, it still serves as an ending and beginning for Nevada FFA. It highlights successes from previous accomplishments and inspires students to achieve more in the upcoming year.

In order to fully celebrate a year, it is important to recognize the successes that occurred during that timeframe.

Below are some facts from this past school year about how Nevada Agricultural Education and FFA is Growing Leaders, Strengthening Nevada’s Future Workforce, and Building Communities.

Growing Leaders Public Speaking: 131 students participated in regional/statewide speaking events such as prepared public speaking.

Teamwork: 774 students competed in a team-based activity at a state event, learning how to work with multiple individuals toward a common goal.

Growth & Leadership: Students attended 7 state-level trainings focused on personal growth and leadership development, which equated to nearly 13,000 hours of training.

Personal Success: Scholarships and awards at the state and national level encourage students to continue their career-path education and assume personal responsibility for their own career readiness.

Positive Role Models: State officers spent nearly 700 hours directly interacting with local students at schools and trainings.

Strengthening Nevada’s Future Workforce

Industry Skills: 90+ volunteers and industry representatives assisted in conducting state competitive events focused on student skills and career development related to specific Nevada industries.

Work Experience: 140,000+ student hours spent working on their personalized work-based learning experience. Examples include working for a florist, conducting a research project, raising livestock and many more based on the student’s career goals and interests.

Relevant: Students competed in 16 state career-based events that simulate real-life scenarios. The events were industry supported, aligned to Nevada Department of Education’s standards, and supported Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) concepts. Examples include Meats Evaluation & Technology, Agriculture Technology & Mechanical Systems, and Veterinary Science.

Networking: Students who attended a state training or competition met adults and peers interested in similar career fields.

Building Communities

Service: Students volunteered 800 hours at state level events. Examples include working at food banks, park clean-ups and building school gardens. Statewide, students recorded nearly 4,000 hours of service in their local communities.

Student Voice: 24 students represented their local programs as voting delegates during the organizations’ state policy meetings.

Economic Impact: Through students’ investments in their personalized work-based learning projects and volunteerism, they had an economic impact of $531,375 (2019).

Travel: State level activities offer an opportunity for students to travel throughout Nevada and expand their experiences and knowledge levels.

Our Student Numbers ■ 3,062 Students (1,254 Female, 1,420 Male, and 388 Non-Disclosed, according to 2018-19 data) Go to www.nvaged.com to learn more about Nevada FFA.

Western Video Market Awarded 2020 Beef Quality Assurance Marketer Special to Nevada Rancher Magazine California-based Western Video Market (WVM) has been awarded the 2020 National Beef Quality Assurance (BQA) Award. The award winners were announced by the National Cattleman’s Beef Association, a contractor to the Beef Checkoff, during the 2020 Cattle Industry Convention held Feb. 5-7 in San Antonio.

The National BQA Awards annually recognize outstanding beef and dairy producers and marketers. Winners not only demonstrate high-quality animal care and handling principles as part of their day-to-day operations, but express a strong desire to improve their operations through BQA. As good stewards of the cattle industry, a common trait among nominees is encouraging others to implement the producer education program. Award categories include: Cow-Calf, Dairy, Feedyard, Educator, and Marketer, the category for which WVM was awarded.

Founded in 1989, WVM has been a proponent of BQA programs and guidelines for nearly as long as BQA has been around and encourages adoption of BQA practices with its producers, buyers, and auction

partners. During broadcast auctions where buyers are limited to seeing video of cattle, having a BQA certification shows that producers follow industry standards for high quality animal handling and health care.

“I can think of few other marketers, sales yards or organizations that serve as industry leaders in the area of promoting the value and importance of BQA to beef producers as much as WVM,” said Jill Scofield, director of producer relations and BQA coordinator with the California Beef Council.

WVM came to be when Ellington Peek and John Rodgers, both veterans in livestock marketing, saw an opportunity to provide customers indelete a new auction format through nationally-available satellite broadcasts.

The company is now co-managed by Peek’s children, Brad Peek and Callie Wood. Along with continuing to provide six annual sale broadcasts via satellite through Dish Network, the company streams 12 live auctions on the internet, hosting a sale approximately once per month.

The company partners with 21 separate auction yards and their representatives to market more than 300,000 head of cattle on annual basis on behalf

of more than 850 consignors.

With video sales, buyers can view cattle from their office or home, and bid for cattle lots by telephone or online. Several in-person auctions are held each year, as well.

In addition to its sales broadcasts, WVM typically publishes an online catalog two weeks prior to its monthly sales. The catalogs contain information about each cattle lot, including whether the cattle are from a BQA certified producer, and links to accompanying video clips of the cattle.

Highlighting BQA certifications along with other quality assurance practices in its catalogs and auctions (including WVM’s own vaccination program which requires BQA certification) is a way for the company to encourage and educate producers about best management practices that buyers expect.

“WVM has taken the lead among a small number of large cattle marketing companies to actively recognize the value of BQA certification among their consignors,” said Dr. Jason Ahola, professor of beef production systems at Colorado State University’s (CSU) College of Agricultural Sciences.

As BQA programs have grown in recognition throughout the

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United States, WVM has seen that cattle sold by BQA certified producers are more likely to be sold at a premium. The company shared 21 years of data from its sales and catalogs with Dr. Ahola and Dr. Dan Mooney, livestock economist at CSU. Ahola and Mooney studied the data to determine if lots of cattle with a mention about BQA in the description were sold at a premium compared to lots that didn’t mention the certification. They concluded that a significant premium existed when buyers are provided information about the BQA status of the management of a cattle lot.

For WVM, the ultimate goal in this research and in continuing to highlight BQA is to share the benefits that becoming BQA certified can yield for producers beyond being ‘the right thing to do.’

“Usually if a producer is BQA certified, it means they’re doing other things right,” said Holly Foster, WVM operations manager.

The BQA Marketer Award is funded in part by the Beef Checkoff with additional support from Cargill. Award winners are selected by a committee comprised of BQA certified representatives from universities, state beef councils, sponsors and affiliated groups,

ABOUT BEEF QUALITY ASSURANCE Beef Quality Assurance (BQA) is a nationally coordinated, state implemented program funded by the Beef Checkoff that provides U.S. beef producers guidelines and certification drawn from common sense husbandry techniques and accepted scientific knowledge on how to raise cattle under optimum management and environmental conditions.

BQA reflects a positive public image and instills consumer confidence in the beef industry.

When producers implement the best management practices of a BQA program, they assure their cattle are the best they can be.

For more information on BQA, visit www.bqa.org. who assess nominations based on their demonstrated commitment to BQA practices, their service as leaders in the beef industry and their dedication to promoting the BQA message to grow consumer confidence.

This article was provided by Beef Quality Assurance.For more information on WVM and other 2020 BQA Award winners, visit www.bqa.org/ about/bqa-awards.

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THE NEVADA RANCHER — MARCH 2020

When: April 25th, 2020 Where: St. Gall Catholic Church

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Doors open at 5pm | Dinner starts at 5:30pm

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KIT PHARO

The Most Important Economic Trait…

Kit Pharo Pharo Cattle Company

If profit is the goal, then fertility is by far the most important trait cow-calf producers should be selecting for.

Studies have shown that reproductive traits are twice as important as growth traits which are twice as important as carcass traits. Ironically, the status quo beef industry has been selecting almost exclusively for growth and carcass traits for the past 40-plus years — at the expense of reproduction.

Because the heritability of growth and carcass traits is very high, it is relatively easy to make changes in those traits. Unfortunately, members of the status quo beef industry mistakenly believe that when it comes to growth and carcass traits, more and bigger are always better. They forget that the optimum level for a trait is almost never the same as the maximum level.

For at least 50 years, academics have told us that the heritability of fertility is very low — so low that we shouldn’t waste our time selecting for it. If you could isolate fertility from everything else, then this assumption would appear to be true. In the real world, however, nothing is isolated. In fact, just the opposite is true.

Truth be known, it’s very easy to select for fertility. Fertility is more a function of fleshing ability than of anything else – and fleshing ability is more a function of low maintenance requirements than of anything else.

Reproduction cannot take place until

maintenance requirements have been met and cows are storing up energy reserves in the form of fat.

Since fleshing ability and maintenance requirements are very heritable, fertility is also very heritable. Keep in mind, though, it is just as easy to decrease the level of fertility as it is to increase it.

As the status quo beef industry selected for more and more growth and for less and less back fat, they inadvertently selected for lower and lower levels of fertility.

They created high-maintenance cows that struggle to reproduce under what was once considered normal ranch conditions.

The academic solution to this problem was to reduce stocking rates and/or increase supplemental feeding. Instead of producing cows that fit the environment, they artificially changed the environment to fit the cows.

Over the last few years, Pharo Cattle Company has dared to compare the maintenance requirements of our cattle to cattle in other seedstock herds and to bulls in the major AI studs.

There really is NO comparison! While nearly everyone else in the beef industry has been selecting almost exclusively for growth and carcass traits, we have spent the last 30 years selecting for efficient, low-maintenance cattle that can do the most for the least — the kind that can produce and reproduce with minimum inputs in many different environments.

Go to pharocattle.com to learn more about Pharo Cattle Company.

Phillips Red Angus Customers Return year after for proven low-birth-weight bulls loaded with carcass!

CHECKING IN ON YOUR BEEF CHECKOFF

Nevada Beef Council Update – March 2020 New Ads Tackle Health, Sustainability, Meat Substitutes Nevada Beef Council Staff The Beef Checkoff and its “Beef.

It’s What’s For Dinner.” brand launched an ad campaign in 2018 using the phrase “Nicely done, beef.” as a foundation for content that promoted beef in fun and creative ways.

This year, the brand is taking those successful ads to a new level, addressing common questions and hot topics in the beef industry head-on with the launch of new digital and social media ads focusing on the topics of sustainability, health and meat substitutes.

Staying true to the brand’s notable swagger, the ads leverage the popular “Nicely done, beef ” creative wrapper to directly address misinformation while highlighting beef ’s strongest attributes — taste, quality, health sustainable production.

“This year the Beef. It’s What’s For Dinner. Checkoff-funded programs are focused on continuing to drive demand for beef by re-enforcing that real beef ’s great taste and nutrition that cannot be replicated and directly addressing myths that may affect consumer decisions to choose beef,” said Laurie Munns, a cattle rancher from Hansel Valley, Utah and Federation Division Chairman, at the National Cattlemen’s Beef Association. “To achieve this, we

are leaning on checkoff-funded technical research and focusing on the real facts about real beef.”

The new series of ads are currently running on Facebook, Instagram and Twitter, and additional creative elements such as video, programmatic and native advertising will continue to be rolled out this spring.

The ads directly target older millennial consumers, especially parents, directing them back to BeefItsWhatsForDinner.com where they can learn about beef ’s powerful nutrition and sustainability stories, and find beefy mealtime inspiration.

“As a contractor to the Beef Checkoff, we are using the dollars of beef farmers and ranchers to ensure consumers, media, chefs, dietitians and food service and retail partners have the facts when it comes to beef,” Alisa Harrison, senior vice president, Global Marketing & Research. “It’s important to keep in mind that consumers crave real beef and meat alternatives represent less than 1 percent market share, while real beef represents more than 99% market share or sales at retail and foodservice.

“While these products aren’t

COURTESY PHOTO

The NBC’s current board of directors, from left: John Jackson (cow-calf, Tuscarora), Lucy Rechel (feeder, Yerington), Jay Dalton (cow-calf, Wells), Ray Callahan (cow-calf, Reno), Ted Christoph (dairy, Fallon), Gary Ward (cow-calf, Gardnerville) and Bernard Petersen (cow-calf, Ely). replacing beef, we still want to ensure people are choosing their proteins based on facts and not fear-based misinformation.”

These ads are just latest in the “Nicely done, beef.” series, which were first released in early 2018.

One of the original, “Nicely done, beef.” ads, which says “Nicely done, beef. You prove that meat substitutes are just that. Substitutes.” has more than 53 million impressions since it was launched and has resulted in more than 286,000 clicks back to the BeefItsWhatsForDinner.com website.

In 2019 alone, Beef. It’s What’s

For Dinner. marketing efforts, including the Nicely done ads, reached consumers more than 1 billion times.

NBC Board Seats Available The Nevada Beef Council is currently accepting applications for two board seats that will become available this May. One of the available board seats represents the feeder sector, and the other represents the cow-calf sector in western Nevada.

Beef producers representing either of these sectors who are

interested in serving as a council member must submit an application by April 30.

The council meets three times annually — twice in person, and once via conference call. Council members provide feedback, guidance and input on the activities and programs of the NBC. Applications are available at www.nevadabeef.org, or call 877554-BEEF (2333) to request one to be mailed or e-mailed to you.

For more information, visit BeefItsWhatsForDinner.com.

Sources available upon request.

Rustic Corned Beef And Potato Bake Nevada Beef Council Staff For those of you looking for leftover ideas for that corned beef brisket you’re planning this month, try this delicious casserole.

Ingredients: ■ 12 ounces Corned Beef Brisket, coarsely chopped ■ 1 tablespoon butter, divided ■ 1/2 cup chopped onions ■ 2 teaspoons chopped fresh thyme

Horseradish Butter: ■ 1 tablespoons grated, jarred horseradish ■ 1 tablespoon butter, softened ■ 1/2 teaspoon salt ■ 1/4 teaspoon freshly ground black pepper

Potato Wedges: ■ 1 cup shredded Swiss cheese ■ 1/4 cup shredded Parmesan cheese ■ 2 cups potato wedges

Optional Garnish: ■ sliced green onions

34

Cooking Instructions: ■ Heat oven to 375°F. Prepare Horseradish Butter; set aside. Melt 2 teaspoons butter in large nonstick skillet over medium heat. Add onion and thyme; cook and stir 3 to 4 minutes or until onion is tender.

Remove from heat; stir in Corned Beef and horseradish-butter mixture.

Meanwhile, coat bottom and sides of 9-inch glass pie plate with remaining 1 teaspoon butter; set aside.

■ Arrange 1/2 of potato wedges in single layer over bottom of pie plate; stick remaining potato wedges upright around the edge of the pie plate. Combine cheeses in small bowl. Sprinkle potatoes with 1/2 of cheese mixture. Top with corned beef mixture and remaining cheese mixture. Press firmly with spatula to compact layers; cover with aluminum foil.

■ Bake in 375°F oven 25 to 30 minutes or until heated through.

Uncover; continue baking 3 to 5 minutes or until cheese is melted and edges begin to brown. Let stand 5 minutes. Cut into wedges.

THE NEVADA RANCHER — MARCH 2020

COURTESY PHOTO

Let’s eat!

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Dublin Coddle Jennifer Whiteley Nevada Rancher Magazine

When the boys were little, I used to take them to story time at the Elko County Library, when I could make it in on the right day at the right time!

One March, the librarian read a wonderful story about catching leprechauns, and St. Patrick’s Day is one of our favorite holidays ever since! I wish I could remember the name of the book because it really was a fun story.

It was about 2 kids who set a trap to catch a leprechaun so they can force him to give up his pot of gold. It highlighted the struggles of trying to trap a leprechaun, and the tricks the leprechaun pulled on the kids. You can imagine how it would appeal to two wild little cowboys!

This story turned into a fun family tradition for the boys, complete with the setting of complicated traps that used piggy banks and bits of tin foil to entice, but never trick that clever leprechaun, who in turn plays

DUBLIN CODDLE Ingredients: ■ 2 pounds potatoes ■ 2 large onions, peeled and sliced thickly ■ 1-pound quality pork sausage ■ 8 slices bacon ■ 4 cups beef broth ■ Coarse ground pepper to season

Directions: Peel the potatoes. Cut large ones into three or four pieces: leave smaller ones whole. Finely chop the parsley.

Grill or broil the sausages and bacon long enough to color them. Be careful not to dry them out! Drain briefly on paper towels. When drained, chop the bacon into one-inch pieces. If you like, chop the sausages into large pieces as well. (Some people prefer to leave them whole.).

Preheat the oven to 300F. In a large flameproof heavy pot with a tight lid, start layering the ingredients: onions,

naughty tricks on the boys.

Every St. Patrick’s Day we wake up to green milk that turns our pancakes green, and sprung traps that never seem to catch a leprechaun. One year, when grandma had Araucana chicken (they lay green shelled eggs), he even managed to turn the eggs green! Although the boys are getting older, we still enjoy these silly little games, complete with wearing green so we don’t get pinched on March 17th!

Last year for our Saint Patrick’s Day dinner we opted for something different than corned beef and cabbage. I was hoping to find something a little more authentic to celebrate Ireland’s conversion to Christianity. I found this super easy recipe on Pinterest, and it has quickly become a dinner favorite!

Dublin Coddle is a traditional Irish potato, sausage, and bacon stew that slow cooks away in the oven. It is great for St. Patrick’s Day or any day you need some comfort food! Pair it with Irish Soda Bread and you have a great meal for a chilly March day. bacon, sausages or sausage pieces, potatoes. Season each layer liberally with fresh-ground pepper and the chopped fresh parsley.

Continue until the ingredients are used up. Pour the beef broth over the top. On the stove, bring the liquid to a boil. Immediately turn the heat down and cover the pot. (You may like to additionally put a layer of foil underneath the pot lid to help seal it.).

Put the covered pot in the oven and cook for at least three hours. (Four or five hours won’t hurt it.) At the twohour point, check the pot and add more water if necessary. There should be about an inch of liquid at the bottom of the pot at all times.

To Serve: Guinness, bottled or draft, goes extremely well with this dish (indeed, adding a little to the pot toward the end of the process wouldn’t hurt anything). Another good accompaniment is fresh soda bread, used to mop up the gravy!

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USDA News And Updates Enroll By March 15 In Agriculture Risk Loss, Price Loss Coverage Programs Special to Nevada Rancher Magazine USDA’s Farm Service Agency (FSA) encourages agricultural producers to enroll now in the Agriculture Risk Loss (ARC) and Price Loss Coverage (PLC) programs. March 15, 2020, is the enrollment deadline for the 2019 crop year.

Although more than 200,000 producers have enrolled to date, FSA anticipates 1.5 million producers will enroll for ARC and PLC. By enrolling soon, producers can beat the rush as the deadline nears.

“FSA offices have multiple programs competing for the time and attention of our staff.

Because of the importance and complexities of the ARC and PLC programs; and to ensure we meet your program delivery expectations, please do not wait to start the enrollment process,” said FSA Administrator Richard Fordyce. “I cannot emphasize enough the need to begin the program election and

enrollment process now. Please call your FSA county office and make an appointment soon to ensure your elections are made and contracts signed well ahead of the deadlines.”

ARC and PLC provide financial protections to farmers from substantial drops in crop prices or revenues and are vital economic safety nets for most American farms.

The programs cover the following commodities: barley, canola, large and small chickpeas, corn, crambe, flaxseed, grain sorghum, lentils, mustard seed, oats, peanuts, dry peas, rapeseed, long grain rice, medium and short grain rice, safflower seed, seed cotton, sesame, soybeans, sunflower seed and wheat.

Until March 15, producers who have not yet enrolled in ARC or PLC for 2019 can enroll for both 2019 and 2020 during the same visit to an FSA county office unless yield updates are requested. Additionally, farm owners have a one-time opportunity to update PLC payment yields that take effect beginning with crop year 2020. If the owner accompanies the producer to the office, the yield update and

enrollments may be completed during the same office visit.

For more information, online ARC and PLC election decision tools are available at www.fsa. usda.gov/arc-plc. To enroll, contact your FSA county office for an appointment.

Reminder: Historically Underserved Producers Have Advance Payment Option USDA’s Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) reminds historically underserved producers, who are participating in the Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP), of the advance payment option.

This option allows them to get conservation practice payments in advance of practice implementation.

“The advance payment option makes NRCS conservation assistance more accessible to underserved producers,” said NRCS Chief Matthew Lohr.

“It enables them to participate without having to worry about covering up-front costs themselves or looking for a loan to cover the costs. Some farmers don’t have the financial ability

to wait for the NRCS reimbursement to arrive.”

EQIP provides financial and technical assistance to address natural resource concerns and to deliver environmental benefits, such as improved water and air quality, conserved ground and surface water, reduced soil erosion and sedimentation, and improved or created wildlife habitat. In fiscal 2019, NRCS invested $1.3 billion through EQIP to implement conservation practices on more than 13 million acres.

A historically underserved producer is described as one of the below: Beginning Farmer or Rancher – is new to farming or ranching, or, has operated a farm or ranch for less than 10-consecutive years.

■ Socially Disadvantaged Farmer or Rancher – is a member of a group whose members have been subjected to racial or ethnic prejudice because of their identity as members of that group without regard to their individual qualities.

■ Veteran Farmer or Rancher – has served in the armed forces and has not operated a farm or ranch, has operated a farm or

ranch for less than 10-consecutive years, or first obtained veteran status during the last 10 years.

■ Limited Resource Farmer or Rancher – has a household income at or below the national poverty level. Eligibility can be determined by using this online tool.

Under the advance payment option, such producers may request payments when they have final designs and job sheets and are ready to begin their EQIP practices. Advance payments provide at least 50 percent of the payment rate for each practice.

The funds must be spent within 90 days of receipt and practices must be completed as agreed to in an EQIP plan of operations. Producers also may opt to have NRCS pay the contractors or vendors directly.

EQIP practices include vegetative practices, structural practices, management practices, and other improvements that further program goals such as conservation activity plans.

For more information on NRCS Farm Bill programs, visit nrcs.usda.gov/farmbill or contact your local NRCS field office.

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MULTIMIN USA celebrates 10 years of MULTIMIN 90 Special to Nevada Rancher Magazine MULTIMIN USA is celebrating 10 years of MULTIMIN® 90 in the USA cattle market. At the end of 2019, more than 12 million doses of MULTIMIN® 90 were injected into cattle in the USA with great success.

Over the last decade millions of dollars have been invested in research at land-grant universities all over the USA to build a data library behind the product.

It is important for us that customers know when, why and how to use MULTIMIN® 90 to help to get the best benefit and ROI. The data is critical to show where MULTIMIN® 90 fits into each management program so that it is practical when ranchers are working their cattle.

MULTIMIN® 90 is the only injectable, fast acting trace mineral supplement with copper, selenium, zinc and manganese for cattle. Being an injectable, the poor intestinal absorption of trace minerals and the gut-level antagonists such as sulfur, iron and molybdenum are bypassed.

Variable feed intake and at times of stress when cattle don’t eat are also managed best by

giving an injection ensuring that each animal is supplemented.

Research also showed that an injection of MULTIMIN® 90 at the same time as vaccination, helps cattle to respond properly to the vaccines. As the use of antibiotics in cattle becomes more restricted, using products supporting healthier cattle such as MULTIMIN® 90 will become even more important.

MULTIMIN USA not only cares for cattle, but also cattlemen and cowboys. We support the Working Ranch Cowboys Association (WRCA) Foundation through the Bison Union Company`s coffee project. The WRCA Foundation assists working ranch cowboys and their families through scholarship and crisis funding.

In December 2019 MULTIMIN USA was purchased

by Paine Schwartz Partners a global leader in sustainable food chain investing. Paine Schwartz Partners is a private equity firm based in California and is focused exclusively on investment opportunities in the fast-growing, dynamic global food and agribusiness sectors.

The firm’s investment, operations and finance professionals invest throughout cycles across

COURTESY: MULTIMIN

Multimin 90, seen here on the company’s website, is an injectable trace mineral supplement for cattle given strategically during key production events to optimize cattle health and reproduction. the food and agribusiness value chain, and bring a collaborative and active management approach to portfolio companies.

For further information, please

see www.paineschwartz.com.

MULTIMIN® 90 is a proudly American owned product and we would like to thank all our customers and their veterinarians

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For further information, please visit www.multiminusa.com.

THE NEVADA RANCHER — MARCH 2020

37

All in a Day’s Ride

What’s Your Momma’s Name?

A

ugust 10th of 2015, a lightning strike started the Soda Fire which burned nearly 280,000 acres of the sagebrush ecosystems just southwest of Boise, Idaho, along the border of southern Idaho and eastern Oregon. This lightning-caused fire spread rapidly, affecting vegetation, wildlife, portions of 41 grazing allotments, three wild horse management areas, ranchers, and local communities.

The Soda Fire burned all of the Sands Basin and Hardtrigger and nearly a third of Black Mountain Wild Horse Management Areas in the August fire.

An emergency wild horse gather commenced the day following the control of the fire, which was around August 23. During the fire, 29 horses died and an additional six were euthanized from the injuries sustained in the fire.

It took nine days to gather 279 wild horses. Which would have been dated around September 2nd through the 5th. All of the horses were immediately transported to the Boise BLM Wild Horse Corrals where they were examined by a veterinarian; 30 were treated for mild to moderate burn injuries.

I first met Shelby and a

David W. Glaser four-year-old filly when she came to ride with me and take a lesson. The animal she rode was a big, beautiful, sorrel filly, that I was very impressed with.

I watched her warm her up and loved the way the filly handled herself.

I commented on what a nice individual she was and what a great job, Shelby had done training her, she was using her hocks in her stops and turns, nice head set and collection. I was impressed and asked, what do you call her, she replied “Well, we named her Phoenix, because of the Soda fire, but ended up calling her Lil Bean.” “What’s her breeding, I asked?” As Paul Harvey used to say, “And this folk’s is the rest of the story!”

Out of this raging hell, of the August Soda fire walked a Giant of a horse woman, packing a

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5-week-old burned up filly, too weak to stand and starving to death. Her Momma had either died in the fire or had abandoned her. Okay, I need to back up, this lady was not big, like a real Giant. I mean BIG, in her heart, with concern and compassion for this poor little filly.

Her name is Shelby Miller.

Okay, so she didn’t actually walk through the flames to save the

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filly, but you have to admit it sounded good? The filly was brought to her lying and dying in a horse trailer, by a friend who worked with her at the BLM. “Probably won’t make it were the parting words.”

This little filly was discovered somewhere in the burn around September 5 and delivered to Shelby in Nampa, Idaho on September 12. Shelby was not

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the Lone Ranger in this rehab venture, her Mom was a major player, along with a veterinarian, a nurse who was scared to death of horses and a large number of other people who donated their time and energy to saving Bean.

The following description is almost beyond belief. The filly’s eyes were glazed, she had burns

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From page 38 on both her hind legs, her belly, and left hip. Her mane and tail were melted to her skin, she had burns to her ears and nostrils also her hooves were burned and melted. She was unable to stand and had not eaten for many days.

Not knowing what to feed her, Shelby contacted Last Chance Orphans in Ohio and was give the lifesaving formula, they called Bean Food.

Because of her bad burns and open wounds, she had major cheiloses issues, especially on her left hip, which they thought might be broken.

Shelby had an awesome friend who was a nurse with human burn qualifications.

As there are not very many horse burn protocols, this nurse spent over 30 days treating the filly with human burn protocol.

They had very good success with Compression bandages and even commandeered a couple of Granny’s compression socks.

Due to the injury to the left hip, her leg wanted to grow crooked, but with physical therapy and wraps, they were able to get it straightened out.

This took about two months. As I was gathering all this information, I asked,

“When did she stand on her own?” Shelby replies, “About 5 days, but I realized in two weeks, she wanted to live when she pinned her ears at the pet goat, we got for her as a companion.”

“After two months we turned her out in a pasture to get some green grass, she never ate a bite, she just ran and whinnied, ran and whinnied, kinda like I’m free, Yeehaaw!

I looked her over with a finetooth comb, not one scar or blemish. The only thing I could see were two white spots the size of a silver dollar, one each pastern!

After hearing this huge ordeal, I had to rename her, “Refried Bean.”

The Epilogue of this story is the mystery.

Thanks to Tanya Tucker for the wonderful song, “What’s your Momma’s Name” for a title. We have to wonder who or what her Momma really was, did she have a midnight rendezvous with a local rancher’s handsome stallion, to produce the beautiful living legend?

Out on the Wild Owyhee Range this mystery will remain, What’s You Momma’s Name.

It’s all in a Day’s Ride!

It took nine days to gather 279 wild horses. Which would have been dated around September 2nd through the 5th. All of the horses were immediately transported to the Boise BLM Wild Horse Corrals where they were examined by a veterinarian; 30 were treated for mild to moderate burn injuries.

Contact David to purchase his book at dhranch3@gmail.com, or call 208-989-5404.

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3 Bulls Available Private Treaty Ready for breeding this Spring

Raining Frozen Cowboys “

T

his is ‘bout the best time of year,” said Steve, “to get out and do something fun, like go to a rodeo.”

“Awful cold out there right now, Steve,” said Doc, who has more degrees than a thermometer.

“I guess it’s a good thing they have all those building rodeos these days.”

“Well, that would take all the sport out of it, wouldn’t it?” Steve said.

“Dud, pass the sugar please.”

Dud passed the sugar.

“Don’t know what you mean, Steve. Why would it take all the sport out of rodeo if the folks in the stands were comfortable?”

“Cold factor,” he said.

“What?”

Now Steve was our resident cowboy here at the Mule Barn truck stop’s philosophy counter. He still worked on ranches and lived in bunkhouses and saddled his horses one at a time, but his rodeo days were far behind him. It’s a sport with a very short career … one way or another.

“You see,” Steve said, “when it’s cold, the rough stock bucks harder …

‘specially the broncs. Not sure why, but you can see it even with broke horses. On a cold morning, they’re liable to hump their backs and hop a few times just for fun, or to shake out the kinks. Same with rodeo broncs. With them, I think it’s just more fun, though.”

“Well, I can see where watching broncs in cold weather would make it more fun to watch,” Doc said.

“That’s only half of it,”

Steve said, grinning. “Those poor cowboys who ride them are cold and stiff, too.

Doesn’t help much with riding rank stock. And that’s the reason it’s more fun to watch a rodeo in cold weather. It tends to rain frozen cowboys.”

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The Cowboy Pastor’s Wife

How To Love The Stud In Your Own Pasture Norma Elliott | Special to Nevada Rancher Magazine

R

ecently my husband was admiring a beautiful blue roan stud at the AFCC finals. He was impressed with his disposition, he was quick and turned nicely, pivoting from his hind end.

He had a bit of hunch in his back, what guy doesn’t like that? It means he’s riding something that could potentially put on a show and he’ll ride him while the crowd throws their hats and cheer.

In reality, it’s only the day hands and our family that’s gonna witness that bronc ride.

It’s all fun and games until someone gets hurt. His coloring was beautiful ... that’s what I noticed first and that he was nicely shaped. His head was good proportion to his hips and looked like he’d do well in our rocky part of the country.

My husband, Wendel, knew the guy riding the blue roan and he soon was finding out more. After several conversations back and forth they worked out a deal. A few weekends later, we hooked on a trailer and headed to a halfway point to pick up a different blue roan stud in his ramuda.

The excitement of having a new horse in the string has made my husband like a kid at his birthday party. He looks out at him each day. He’s already worked him a few times in the pen.

He can’t wait to get a saddle on him and see what he has. Can you see the trade going on here? Break and use the stud, put some

ranch miles and experience on him, in trade for breeding. It’s a win win! Plus, my husband can always use another horse to put miles on.

The excitement Wendel has right now reminds me of when we first met. The first day he caught my attention and how I would look for him on our college campus at, Tarleton State University in Stephenville, Texas. I could see his well worn black hat from a mile away.

I’d smear on a bit of lipstick, straighten my posture and casually head his direction.

I wouldn’t want to appear to anxious but ever so inconspicuously acted surprised to see him. Like I hadn’t been stalking him for the last ten minutes. It was hard to keep my cool but a girls gotta do what a girls gotta do!

Do you remember the day you first noticed your husband? Maybe it was his sense of humor, witty personality, or even his compassion that drew you to him. Hey, I’m not gonna lie here ... it might have been he was a tall drink of water. That’s an old term used when someone is attractive. That might have been what you initially noticed too.

We all know that it’s not just looks though. We can easily be turned off by a smart aleck, someone who is rude or is just using us. As we get to know someone better we see qualities and characteristics we admire. Each time we are with them we discover more about them. Long conversations over time, lead us into whether or not we fall in love.

Time, however can also make us complacent with our spouse. We may even take advantage of things they do for us. Things like retrieving our purse from the truck because it’s dark outside, a coyote might decide he needs a snack. We quickly forget how he never complains about picking up a few items in town.

We don’t even notice when he opens the door for us because he’s done it for so long.

How about when he compliments you on Sunday morning heading out to church, “You look beautiful today” and we think, “what does he want?”

We can stop admiring the stud in our own pasture if we’re not careful. We stop looking out the window for them when they pull up.

We can become detached from their current interest or even lose our sense of adventure.

These two examples ... my husband’s new blue roan and our marriage relationship are actually examples of another important relationship in our lives as Christians. This newness and excitement that we experience reminds us of our first love. Do you remember when you first came to know Christ?

The overwhelming sense of awe and the part about being forgiven of all the things you’d rather forget? The newness of getting to know Him through long conversations through His word? The priority of Bible study, church attendance and growing your faith?

The reason He uses the words, “First Love” is to bring us back to the freshness of when we first came to know Him and the

COURTESY PHOTO

Do you remember the day you first noticed your husband? warning to keep Him at that position in our lives. I read once that we need to keep these three R’s in mind: Remember, Repent and Return. Do the things we use to do. It’s not only important in marriage but most important in our relationship with Christ.

“Remember therefore from where you have fallen; repent, and do the works you did at first. If not, I will come to you and remove your lampstand from its place, unless you repent.” (Revelation 2:5) Look, we all are guilty of letting the most important relationships in our lives fade.

We are all guilty of being complacent one time or another but let’s not stay there. Let’s remember, repent and return once again.

Thank you for reading, The Cowboy Pastor’s Wife.

SeanMiller Miller Memorial Sean Memorial Ranch Rodeo Ranch Rodeo May 23-24, 2020 Lovelock, Nevada May 23-24, 2020 Lovelock, Nevada Team Roping + Branding + Doctoring

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**$600 per 4 person team**Must compete both days** **65% of entry money paid back**

**$600 per 4 person team**Must compete both days** **65% of entry money paid back**

May 23, 2020 10-11 am Check in

May 23, 2020

**Jr/ Sr Teams

10-11 am Check in & Ladies Teams**

**Jr/ Sr Teams 12 pm Rodeo

& Ladies Teams**

5 pm Steer Stopping TOP HAND will receive a Hand Made Saddle by Ryan Cope in Memory of Sean Ryan Miller

TOP HAND will receive a Hand Made Saddle by Ryan Cope in Memory of Sean Ryan Miller

Bronc Riding 12 pm Rodeo

5 pm Steer Stopping

Riding MayBronc 24, 2020 7 am Check in

**Open Teams**

May 24, 2020 8am Rodeo

7 am Check in

**Open Teams**

Awards presentation

Entries are available online for

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Pre-entry is required for all events

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ALL EVENTS at rodeolovelock.com Call Sandy to enter (775)-247-7122

Entries are available online Taking 20 open 10 ladies & 10 JR/Sr Teamsfor

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40

THE NEVADA RANCHER — MARCH 2020

Pre-entry is required for all events Call Sandy to enter (775)-247-7122 Taking 20 open 10 ladies & 10 JR/Sr Teams

WSRRA

Western States Ranch Rodeo Association

AUCTION DIRECTORY Get the most up-to-date market reports by visiting these websites

NEVADA

CALIFORNIA

Nevada Livestock Marketing LLC Sale every Wednesday 1025 North Allen Road, Fallon, Nevada Office: 775-423-7760 Fax: 775-423-1813 www.nevadalivestock.us

Fallon Livestock LLC Sale every Tuesday 2055 Trento Lane, Fallon, Nevada Office: 775-867-2020 Fax: 775-867-2021 www.fallonlivestock.com

Superior Livestock Auction Load-lots of cattle sold via satellite and internet Northern Nevada Representative Allie Bear Office: 775-738-8534 www.superiorlivestock.com

Treasure Valley Livestock Auction

Shasta Livestock Auction Yard Sale every Friday Cottonwood, California Office: 530-347-3793 Fax: 530-347-0329 www.shastalivestock.com

Cattlemen’s Livestock Market Sale every Wednesday 12495 E. Stockton Blvd., Galt, California Office: 209-745-1515 www.clmgalt.com

Beef sale every Friday; general sale every other Saturday 1901 E. Chicago, Caldwell, Idaho Office: 208-459-7475; 800-788-4429 www.treasurevalleylivestock.com

Twin Falls Livestock Commission Sales every Wednesday and Saturday 630 Commercial Ave. Twin Falls, Idaho Office: 208-733-7474 www.twinfallslivestock.com

OREGON Producers Livestock Marketing

IDAHO Producers Livestock Marketing Association Cattle auction every Tuesday; dairy auction every other Wednesday 11 South 100 West, Jerome, Idaho Office: 208-324-4345 www.producerslivestock.com

Sale every Wednesday P.O. Box 67, Vale, Oregon Office: 541-473-3136 www.producerslivestock.com

Central Oregon Livestock Auction Sale Every Monday 3457 S.W. Hwy. 97, Madras, Oregon Office: 541-475-3851

www.centraloregonlivestockauction.com

L i v e s t o c k A u c t i o n S e rv i c e s LIVESTOCK

TREASURE VALLEY

SALE EVERY TUESDAY

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2055 Trento Lane, Fallon, NV 89406 (775) 867-2020 - Fax (755) 867-2021 FallonLivestock.com - Email FallonLivestock@gmail.com Tommy Lee, Owner (775) 741-4523

March 5 March 19 VIDEO AUCTION

VIDEO AUCTION

Catalog Deadline March 9

LIVESTOCK

April 2 VIDEO AUCTION

Catalog Deadline March 23

Contact Nevada Representative Allie Bear • 775.738.8534 • www.superiorlivestock.com

CALVES, HOGS, SHEEP & GOATS

Every Second & Fourth Saturday @ 11am

BEEF CATTLE, FEEDER CATTLE, BUTCHER CATTLE, STOCK COWS & PAIRS Friday @ 10am

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208-459-7475 800-788-4429

THE NEVADA RANCHER — MARCH 2020

41

Stock Cattle by Weight 500-600 600-700 lb.

700-800 800+ lb.

Breakers (Fat Cows) lb. lb.

1 47-163.

154-191 143-154 134-139.50 109-116 avg 180-205 avg Boners (Med. Flesh) Steers 50 avg .50 avg avg avg 128-150 132-137 avg Cutters (Lean) 142.25-160 avg 135-152 avg 114-128 avg 105 avg Heifers avg Top cow: 1,240 lbs (avg. 73.50) Preg Tested 3,4,5 year solid mouth 1,050-1,330 February 11th, small-framed or plainer cattle 30 to 65 less than top offering. ​ ​ 2020 sale; volume: N/A. Single, Stock Cattle by Weight

Market report 300-400 lb.

Fallon Livestock LLC Fallon, Nevada

300-400 lb.

Fallon Livestock LLC Fallon, Nevada

Shasta Livestock Auction Yard, Cottonwood, Calif.

Shasta Livestock Auction Yard, Central Oregon Cottonwood, Livestock Calif.

Auction

Madras, OR

Central Oregon Livestock Producers Auction Madras, OR Livestock, Salina, Utah

400-500 lb.

500-600 600-700 lb.

700-800 800+ lb.

Breakers (Fat Cows) lb. lb.

1 47-163.

154-191 143-154 134-139.50 109-116 avg 180-205 avg Boners (Med. Flesh) Steers 50 avg .50 avg avg avg 128-150 132-137 avg Cutters (Lean) 142.25-160 avg 135-152 avg 114-128 avg 105 avg Heifers avg Preg Tested 3,4,5 year solid Top cow: 1,240 lbs (avg. 73.50) mouth 1,050-1,330 February 11th, ​ ​ 2020 sale; volume: N/A. Single, small-framed or plainer cattle 30 to 65 less than top offering.

Steers Heifers

400-500 lb.

Slaughter Cattle 68-73.50 Butcher Bulls Shelly Bulls

No Test

58-60

Cutter Bulls

101-139

Top Bull

Slaughter Cattle Butcher 68-73.50 Bulls Shelly Bulls

No Test

Cutter Bulls

101-139

Top Bull

800+ lb.

High yielding

190-213

115-122.50

Medium yielding

55-62

150-189

140-172.50

No Test

No Test

Low yielding

20-45

190-226 165-185

115-138.50

81-91

58-60

700-800 lb.

120-136

400-500 lb.

91

60-64

Stock Cattle by Weight 500-600 600-700 lb. lb.

145-175.50 125-159

300-400 lb.

81-91

60-64

Slaughter Cattle Bulls 62-73

91

64-82.50

Heiferettes

No Test

February 7th, 2020 sale; volume 1,510 hd. Market notes: Strong, steady market for light grass steers. Yearling steers $2 to $12 lower. Heirfers $2 to $5 higher. Off, small lots and singles $25 to $60 off the top.

Stock Cattle by Weight Slaughter Cattle 300-400 lb.

400-500 lb.

500-600 600-700 lb.

700-800 800+ lb.

High yielding Bulls 62-73 64-82.50 Stock Cattle by Weight Slaughter Cattle lb. lb.

High Yield Lean Bulls High Yield 300-400 lb.

400-500 lb.

500-600 600-700 lb.

700-800 lb.

800+ lb.

63-68 75-80 Medium yielding 190-226 190-213 145-175.50 125-159 120-136 115-122.50 55-62 No Test Heiferettes Steers lb.

Steers Heifers Heifers

180-195 165-185 145-165

185-193 150-189 160-167

165-184 140-172.50 136-156.50

147-155 115-138.50 120-135

132-139 No Test 116-119

No123-131 Test 105-115

High Yield Fleshy Low yielding Medium Yield

60-65 20-45 55-60

48-55 Low Yield Bred Heifers Pairs, full mouth Heiferettes: 80-105 No market Test February 7th, 2020 sale; volume 1,510 hd.No Market for light grass steers. Yearling steers $2 to $12 lower. Heirfers $2 to $5 higher. Off, small Test notes: Strong, steady lots and singles $25Sale; to $60 top. hd Sale every Monday. Contact Trent 541-325-3662 or Clay 541-419-6060 Follow Central Oregon Livestock Auction on Facebook February 3rd 2020 Volume​ ​ off the 716 300-400 lb.

400-500 lb.

300-400 lb.

180-195

400-500 lb.

185-193

Stock Cattle 500-600 Stock Cattle lb.

500-600 165-184 lb.

by Weight 600-700 lb.

by Weight

700-800 lb.

800+ lb.

High Yield Lean

Slaughter Cattle Bulls High Yield 63-68 Slaughter Cattle

75-80

56-67.50 700-800 800+ lb.

Commercial/Utility Cutting 700-1050 lbs 132-139 123-131 60-65 High Steers $105-116.50 lb.

CowsYield Fleshy Bulls Medium Yield 55-60 145-165 160-167 136-156.50 120-135 116-119 105-115 Heifers 142-169.50 157.50-207.50 145-178 130-154 100-123.75 111-129.75 72.50-89.75 Slaughter 48-55 Low Yield Pairs, full mouth Bred Heifers Heiferettes: 80-105 Steers Bulls No Test No Test 140-167.50 120-155 105-136.50 90-121.50 116-132.25 February 3rd 2020 Sale; Volume716 hd Sale every Monday.

Contact Trent 541-325-3662 or Clay 541-419-6060 Follow Central Oregon Livestock Auction on Facebook ​ ​ 132.50-169 Heifers Pairs: No Test

600-700 lb.

147-155

Heiferettes: 65.50-65.75

Stock Cattle by Weight Slaughter Cattle February 11th, 2020; Volume: 1,230 hd The figures on this report are computer generated from “The Hottest Sale in the West” at Producers Livestock in ​ 56-67.50 300-400 lb.great service 400-500 lb.

500-600 600-700Auction lb.

700-800 800+For lb. current market Commercial/Utility Cutting 700-1050 lbs Salina, UT. Notes: For contact the Salina Producers at (435) 529-7437. information call toll free 1-888-287-1702. $105-116.50 lb. lb.

Cows Bulls ​

Producers Livestock, Salina, Utah Producers

Livestock, Vale, Ore.

Producers Livestock, Vale, Ore.

Steers Heifers Steers

157.50-207.50 300-400 lb.

145-178 400-500 lb.

140-167.50 No Test

132.50-169 145-177.50

Stock Cattle 142-169.50 500-600 lb.

120-155 151-167

by Weight 130-154 600-700 lb.

105-136.50 137-146

100-123.75 700-800 lb.

116-132.25 No Test

111-129.75 800+ lb.

90-121.50 No Test

Butcher Cows – bulk Shelly Cows Thin

Slaughter Cattle Slaughter 58-67 Butcher Bulls Bulls 50-57

72.50-89.75 66-82

Top Bull

85.50

Pairs: No Test 158-168

Heiferettes: 65.50-65.75 139-150 134-147 112-126 No Test 126-131 Heifers ​ February 11th, 2020; Volume: 1,230 hd The figures on this report are computer generated from “The Hottest Sale in the West” at Producers Livestock in ​ Pairs-Running Age Heiferettes: No Test Older BM Cows Salina, UT. Notes: For great service No Testcontact the Salina Producers No TestAuction at (435) 529-7437. For current market information call toll free 1-888-287-1702.

February 12th, 2020 Volume: 528 ​ Small run today. No real test of the feeder market. Butcher market ​ ​ consign, call Producers Livestock, Vale Oregon, at (541) 473-3136 ​ Stock Cattle

by Weight 300-400 lb.

400-500 lb.

500-600 600-700 lb.

700-800 800+ lb. lb. lb.

145-177.50 151-167 137-146 No Test No Test No Test Steers Heifers

158-168

139-150

134-147

126-131

Jorgensen Charolais

112-126

continues to climb, up $1-2. Questions about the market and/or to Slaughter Cattle 66-82 58-67 Butcher Cows – Butcher Bulls bulk 50-57 85.50 Shelly Cows Thin Top Bull

No Test

Pairs-Running Age Heiferettes: No Test Older BM Cows No Test No Test ​ February 12th, 2020 Volume: 528 ​ Small run today. No real test of the feeder market. Butcher market continues to climb, up $1-2. Questions about the market and/or to ​ consign, call Producers Livestock, Vale Oregon, at (541) 473-3136 ​

Bulls consigned to the...

Bulls of the 21st Centuryin Yerington Sale Sunday, March 8, 2020

Oldest Independent Livestock Monthly in Nevada Covering ranching and agriculture in the Northwest US, with an emphasis on Nevada.

Sire List

VPI Freelunch 708T P • CCC WC Resource 417P BHD Zen X270 P • M6 Fresh Air 8165 P • WR Foreman D602 • BJR Hank 984 P FTJ Cascade 1508 P • and others!

Total of 11 bulls Sell!

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