WWW.NAT-GEO.RU
I
MAH 2012
NATIONAL
MAIII 2012 fO)J;A NQ 104
GEOGRAPHIC I 1111 11111111111111
IIIII
1111111111111
IIIII
111111 111111 IIIII I
1111 1111
I IIIII IIIII
06a Kopa67!H uctte3l!U MZHOBeHHO 3aKpymul!UCb 6 euxpe, 6btllu 3al!Umbt 6000U U noutl!U KO OHy. CTp.122
1111 111111 111111111111111
CO,!J;EP)I(AHJ1E
66 BerrbiH H rrymHCTbiH Hosopo*AeHHoror~neHeHKa Ha3b1Ba~T
3eneH1.10M -em wep-
IIIII 1111111111111 1111
TAK)I(E B HOMEPE
10 14 22
OT pe)l;aKTopa «NG PoccJUI» IlHCbMa J1ccrre)l;OBaTerru
CTKa *emosaT0-3eneHoBara5l , HanOMf1Ha~W,a5l
H8A03peBWf1i1
nf1MOH.Yepe3ABa~pf1AH5l
ManbiW nocserneer f1 npespaTf1TC5l B 6enbKaM8XOBY~
6enocHe*HY~
nOAYWKY CorpOMHbiMf"l
rna3aMf1. Te1<cr: AneKcaHAP /pel< ct>oTOrpaqmw AH,t<peiltKaMeHeB
so
fopop; ero MeqTbi ,[\n5l CTpOf"!TenbCTBa HOBOi1 cronf"ll.jbl HypcymaH Ha3ap6aes npf"IBneK f"IHOCTpaHHbiX f1HB8CTOpOB f1 ny4Wf1X apXf1T8K-
<DO TO 28 36
<I>OTO quTaTeJIH <I>OTOMaCTep
HOBOCTM 44 46 50 52 54
Cbip rro-aMepuKancKu
q TO IIOMO)I(eT BOHTll B TpaHC Jle)l;HHOH CTaJiaKTHT
0
IIOJib3e IIOJIOC
EoeBoe ucKyccTBO urru 03)l;OpOBHTeJibHaH rHMHaCTHKa?
TOpOB Mf"!pa. TaK B xonOAHOi1, npOAYBaeMOi1 BC8Mf1 BeTpaMf"l cpeAHea3f"!aTCKOi1 CTenf"! no5lBf1nacb AcmHa- cospeMeHHbli1 ropoA, cnoco6Hbli1 nocnopf"!Tb co MHOrf1Mf1 Mf1p0Bb1Mf1 CTOnf"!l.jaMfol. Te1<cr: .a}f(oH flaHKacrep ct>oTOrpacJ>/111: lep,t< f710,t<BI1r
MAEM 56 58 60
Beuepa ManuT acTpouoMOB llJaxTepbiHaCBH3H KocMuqecKue peKop)l;bi
96 llTH~a-CKpHIIKa YT06bl 3asoesaTb cso~ f136paHHf11.1Y. CaMel.j KOpOnbKOBOrD MaHaKf"!Ha TaHwyeT, YAaP5l5l Kpblnb5lMf1 APYr o Apyra. Ecnf"l CaMKa OTB84aeT B3af1MHOCTb~, 3BYK or YAapos Ha4f1Haer nOXOAf"!Tb Ha ronoc CKpf1nKf1. Te1<cr: ,aaH Konnenb ct>oTOrpacJ>/111: TI1M flaMaH
Ha o6no111Ke
C~MBO!l AcTaHbl MOHyMeHT 5a~repeK
Hosopmt<AeHHbl~ AeTeHbiW
OAHO
rpeH!laHACKOrO TIO!leH~ . 5enoe Mope.
coopymeH~~ . B03BeAeHHbiX B HOBO~
ct>oTO: AH,t<peiltKaMeHeB
ct>oro:
~3 MHOr~X
YllbTpacospeMeHHbiX
CTO!l~L\e Ka3aXCTaHa .
lep,t< f110,t<BI1r
Mau 2012 zooa 111111
IIIII IIIII IIIII 111111
Ill
1111
I IIIII dill
104 ,IJ;peBHu:e ropbi
,111
Ill
11,
dll
ll1
IIIII 1111111 IIIII
1111
Ill
111111 IIIII
IIIII
158 3a Ka,ll;pOM
Apu:30Hbl
168 PapnTeT
C¢opMJ.1posaHHble Ha cesepoaMepJ.1KaHCKOM KOHTJ.1HeHTe ,[\n~HHble ~30rHYfble KOrT~
MJ.1nnJ.10Hbl neT Ha3aA, cKanbl
BbiCKaK~BaiOT, KaKne3B~5l cp~HK~ ,
BepMI-1nJ.10H 1-1 ceroAHH
KOrAa KOWKa , flOB5l A06b!Yy, B npbl)f{Ke BbiT5lr~saeT nepeAH~e nanbl. 11nmocrpaLJI1fl: EipailaH Kp11cm
OCTaiOTC5l Mano KOMY J.13BeCTHbiM YYAOM CBeTa. TeKcr: BepmtH l<n11HKeH6opr C/Jororpaqm11: Pi1Yap,t< EiapH3
118 Kopa6rru:-rrpu:3paKu: B 1812 r0AY, KOrAa pycCKJ.1e BOesanl-1 c HanoneoHOM, Ha APYrOM KpaiO 3eMnJ.1, B CesepHoi1 AMePI-1Ke, wna BOi1Ha Me}f{AY 5pJ.1TaHJ.1ei1 1-1 CWA. ,[lsa aMepJ.1KaHCKJ.1X KOpa6n5l TOrQ BpeMeHI-1 , 3aTOHYBWJ.1e Ha 5onbWJ.1X o3epax, 6blnJ.1 Hai1AeHbl J.1 o6cneAOBaHbl Ha AHe o3epa 0HTapJ.1o. TeKcr: ,!1,3HI1en A. HenbCOH C/Jororpaqm11: 3Mopl11<pl1crocjJ 11nmocrpaLjl111: P11Yap,t< Wnexr
A,QPEC B V1HTEPHETE
132 Harnu: pyKu: -
www.nat-geo.ru
)J;JUI HaYKH
nocMoTp~Te AOnonH~TenbHble
~ccneAyH
cpoTOrpacp~~ ~ np~M~Te yyacT~e
3BOniOI..IJ.110 Yenose-
s o6c ymAeH~~ cTaTelii Ha HaweM caliiTe.
YecKoi1 PYKI-1, yYeHble npi-1XOA5lT K BbiBOAY, YTO niOAI-1 CB5l3aHbl
nO,QnV1CKA LJEPE3 PE,QAKL.IV110 127018 POCC~5l MOCKBa , a/ 51 159,
POACTBeHHbiMJ.1 y3aMJ.1 J.1 CAenbcjlJ.1HaMJ.1 , J.1 CneTYYJ.1MJ.1 MbiWaMI-1 ,
OTAen
1-1 CAPYri-1MJ.1 no3BOHOYHbiMJ.1.
«National Geographic
TeKcr: l<apn 311MMep 11nmocrpaLJI111: EipailaH l<p11CTI1
<!JaKe: (495) 232 92 82
noAn~cK~
Ha mypHan Pocc~5l »
e-mail: podpiska@imedia.ru
no,qnV1CKA HA 3nEKTPOHHYIO BEPCV110 }!{YPHAnA
140 CTpaHa ByrrKaHOB Jl BJIKU:HrOB
http:jjuppressa.ru
3a nocneAHJ.1e seKa niOAI-1 ocHoBaTenbHO nOAnOpTJ.1nJ.1 naHAWa<)lT ~cnaHAI-11-1,
CcjlOpMI-1pOBaHHbli1
neAHJ.1KaMJ.1 1-1 synKaHaMI-1. Ho Copyright © 2012 National Geographic Society
TO, YTO ocTanocb, - 1-1 ceroAH5l 3axsaTbiBaiOw,ee Ayx 3pen1-1w,e.
All rights reserved. National Geographic
TeKcr: Po6epr l<aHLjl1r C/JororpacjJ1111: Opwoila 11 3pneH Xap6epr
and Yellow Border: Registered Trademarks ® Marcas Registradas. National Geographic assumes no respon sibility for unsolicited
135
materials.
O<I>Mll;J1AJibHOE J13)J,AHME HAIJ;MOHAJibHOfO fEOfPA<I>J1qECKOf0 OBJnECTBA
OJ PEAAKTOPA «NG POCCHH))
CaMbie o6aHTeJibHbie M rrpMBJieKarerrbHbie EienbK~ rpeHnaHACK~XTIOneHei-1HanoM~HaiOw,~e
caMbleTporaTenbHble
OH~ cny>K~n~
HeAenb nocne
po>KAeH~s:l 6enbK~
npeACTaB~Tb ,
ma3aM~ .
o6beKTOM >KecToKoro npoMblcna. B Te4eH~e ABYX He MOryT H~ nnaBaTb, ~
npeACTaBns:liOT C060i1 nerKOAOCrynHyiO
wy6bl
Ha CBeTe.
6onbWYIO 6eny10 MexoByiO nOAYWKY c orpoMHbiM~
AOnroe BpeMs:l
TPYAHO Aa>Ke
ManbiW~
KaK MO>KHO
H~
6biCTpo non3aTb
~
COBepweHHO 6e33aW,~THYIO >KepTBy.
TPYAHO Aame npeACT3BHTb, K3K MO>KHO HOCHTb wy6bl H3 3THX O'laposarenbHbiX C03A3HHM.
HOC~Tb
~3 3T~X 04apOBaTenbHbiX C03AaH~i1.
Bnpo4eM , KpacoTK~ co nbAOM BMecTO cepAL\a HaXOA~n~Cb
lt136~BaTb
BO BCe BpeMeHa. rpeHnaHACK~X TIOneHei-1
MnaAeHl.leB
B np~Hl.l~ne MO>KHO BCero B AByx MeCTaXy 6eperoB ~
Ha
KaHaACK~x
MarAaneHOBbiX ocTpOBOB
np~6pe>KHbiX nbAax
BpeMs:l
cyw,eCTBOBaH~e
Eienoro MOps:l. ,ll,onroe
3TOIO BapBapCKOIO
npOMbiCna onpaBAbiBanOCb TpaA~L\~s:lM~ KOpeHHOIO
HaceneH~s:l.
Oco6eHHO B 3TOM
non~TKOppeKTHble
A BOT BnaA~M~p noAn~can
npeycnen~
KaHaAL\bl. nYT~H.
K YA~BneH~IO
MHOI~X.
B 2009 IDAY yKa3 o 3anpeTe npoMblcna
AeTeHblwei-1 rpeHnaHACKoro TIOneHs:l B Pocc~~ . BMeCTO Hero cei14ac y Hac Hbli-1
pa3B~BaeTC5l yH~Kanb
B~A 3Konor~4ecKoro TYP~3Ma
- TYPbl «B
rocT~
K HOBOPO>KAeHHbiM TIOneHs:lM ». Typ~CTOB nerK~M~ BepToneTaM~
MOryT 6e3
AOCTaBns:liOT Ha nbA~Hbl , IAe OH~
B3a~MHOIO
yw,ep6a n006W,aTbC5l C
caMbiM~ o6aflTenbHbiM~ 3eMHbiM~ o6~TaTenflM~.
OTXOAs:lT Ha AOCTaT04HOe
MaM04K~
a 6enbK~ nopoi-1 MeHbW~M
paCCTOs:lH~e ,
paccMaTp~BaiOTTYP~CTOB
n106onbiTCTBOM , 4eM TYP~CTbl -
IOCTei-1 CnbA~Hbl AOMOi-1, He OCTaB~B 3Konor~4ecKoro TYP~3Ma
BblnonHfleTCs:l
51 He s:lBns:liOCb CTOpOHH~KOM s:1
o6ew,an
Cnac~6o
4~TaTenei1.
10
nYT~Ha,
ny6n~4HO no6naroAap~Tb
BaM , BnaA~M~P
H~
c He ~x.
Yepe3 4ac BepTOneTbl yBo3m
Kn04Ka Mycopa - 30nOTOe
npaB~no
HeyKocH~TenbHO.
HO 3a 3TOTero war B 3aW,~TY 6enbKOB
ero.
np~wno
BnaA~M~poB~4!
BpeMs:l CAep>KaTb cnoBo.
OT MeHs:l n~4HO
~
OT Haw~x
AneKcaHAP lpeK
AHA P E~ KAMEHEB
IInaHeme HYJICHa Hauta noMOUlb
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC POCC~ Hai.IMOHanbHOe reorpacJ>H'IeCKOe 061.1.1eCTBO, OCHOBaHHOe B
1888 IOAY,-
0)1Ha ~3 KpynHe~W~X B M~pe H8KOMM8PY8CK~X
opraH~38L\~~- Ero rno6anbH851 M~CC~51 - nOM8P)f{K8 HayYHbiX, ~CCJl8)10B8T8JlbCK~X, o6pa30B8T8JlbHbiX ~ np~p0)100XpaHHbiX
nporpaMM . 06lJ1eCTBO npocjl~HaHc~posano cjl~nbMbl, KapTbl,
300
DVD
6onee 9000
~ MynbT~MeA~HHble A~CK~ Ha
npoeKTOB.
35 513b1Kax.
NGS
BblnycKaenaK)f{e )f{ypHanbl, KH~n1, TenenporpaMMbl,
M~posa51 ayA~Top~51
National Geographic- 6onee
M~Jlfl~OHOB Y8Jl0B8K B M8C5ll\.
AJlE KCA H.QP BAJlEPbEBW·l IPEK , rnaBHblil pe,llaKTOP
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY
Anesn1Ha Cyxo pyKosa,
CHAIRMAN AND CEO
rnaBHbli1 XYP.D>KHMK
John fahey
Map1-1Ha Bonn1Ha, BblnYCKBIO~Milf pep,aKrop
PRESIDENT Timothy T. Kel ly
Map"" Ko)KeBH"Koaa, petJaKrop
EXECUTIVE MANAGEMENT
AHApe~
LEGAL AND INTERNATIONAL EDITIONS : T ERRENCE B . ADAMSON
)f{ypaanea, HayYHblii pe,llaKTOP
ENTERPRISES: L INOA BERKELEY
AHacrac " " Kopcj>, petJaKrop
CHIEF DIGITAL OFFICER : JOH N CALDWELL
AHHa Wacj>paH, n"reparypHblii petJaKrop
TELEVISION PRODUCTION : MARYANNE G. CULPEPPER MISSION PROGRAMS: T ERRY D. GARCIA CHIEF TECHNOLOGY OFFICER: S TAVROS H ILARIS
Map"" 5 ora4eaa, cPoropetJaKrop H " K ona~
COMMUNICATIONS: BETTY H uDSON
Kop3" HOB, petJaKrop caiira
CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER: CHRISTOPHER A . LIEDEL CHIEF MARKETING OFFICER : AMY MANIATIS
Haran\IIR Mon4aHosa, KODPAMHarop peABKL..l/411
PUBLISHING AND DIGITAL MEDIA: DECLAN MOORE BOARD OF TRUSTEES Joan Abrahamson, Michael R. Bonsignore, J ean N . Case,
KOHCYJlbTAHTbl :noro HOM EPA
H3AATE11b
fl toAM" na A6 paMo aa, 6MOnoma
Vl p"Ha Ko aanea" Y
.Q M "TP"~ ln a30B, 300nOr
KPEATHBHbiH AHPEKTOP PycnaH lyce ~ HOB
nPEACTABHTEJlb NGS B POCCHH fltoA M" na MeKe pTbl4eaa
PEKIIAMA
INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING
Bepo H"Ka .Qep " ~· tJUpeKrop, v.dery@imedia .ru
nEPEBOA'IHKH EneHa AcranKoa a, Kap " Ha 5 ecnanoaa, r aJH1 Ha r na r on esa, EneHa Kam1Hlt1 Ha,
AHH a Marsee sa, crapw11H MeHetl>Kep, anna.matveyeva@imedia.ru
Har an b" Ko aaneHKO, M " xa " n Wa po a PEAAKLIMfl 1 27018 Moc Kaa,
On bra W" noaa, crapwui1 MeHetJ)Kep, o.shi/ova@imedia.ru
yn. n on KOBa", 3, CTp. 1 , r en .: (4 95) 232 32 00, cj>aKc: (4 95) 956 79 80, ngm@imedia.ru
Alexandra Grosvenor Eller, Roger A. Enrico, John Fahey, DanielS. Goldin, Gilbert M. Grosvenor, Tim T. Kelly, Maria E. Lagomasino, George Munoz, Reg Murphy, Patrick F. Noonan, Peter H. Raven, Will iam K. Reilly, Edward P Roski, Jr., James R. Sasser, B. Francis Saul II, Gerd Schulte-Hillen, Ted Wa itt, Tracy R. Wolstencroft VICE PRESIDENT, MAGAZINE PUBLISHING: Yulia Petrossian Boyle VICE PRESIDENT, BOOK PUBLISHING : Rachel lOVe
Cynt hia Combs, Ariel Deiaco-Lohr, Kelly Hoover, Diana Jaksic, Jennifer Li u, Rachelle Perez, Desiree Sullivan COMMUNICATIONS VICE PRESIDENT: Beth Foster RESEARCH AND EXPLORATION COMMITTEE CHAIRMAN: Peter H . Raven
Ene Ha .Qa H"n to Ko aa, MeHetJJKep,
VICE CHAIRMAN : John M. Francis
e. dani/yukova@imedia.ru
Kamalj it S. Bawa, Colin A. Chapman, Keith Clarke, Steven M. Colman, J. Emmett Duffy, Philip Gingerich, Carol P Harden, Jonatha n B. Losos, John O' Loughlin, Naomi E. Pierce, Elsa M. Redmond, Thomas B. Smith, WirtH. Wills, Melinda A. Zeder
ren.: (4 95) 23 2 3 2 00,
noAnHCKA
cj>aKc : (4 95) 956-79-80
EKare p " Ha l ono aaHoaa, MeHetJJKep,
nPOH3BOACTBO
EXPLORERS-IN-RESIDENCE
ren .: (4 95) 232 92 5 1 ,
Onbra 3aMyxoacKa",
cj>aKc: (49 5) 2 3 2-9 2-82,
H8'-18!1b H I1K 0Ttl8!18 KOOPA11H8L{I111 neLI8TJ1
Robert Ballard, James Cameron, Wade Davis, Jared Diamond, Sylvia Earle, J. Michael Fay, Beverly Joubert, Dereck Joubert, Louise Leakey, Meave Leakey, Johan Rei nhard, En ric Sala, Paul Sereno, Spencer Wells
podpiska@imedia.ru
VI Hr a Eacr par o aa, MeHetJJKep no neYam
PACnPOCTPAHEHHE
Har an " " WKa Haeaa, MeHe,llJKep no pa6or e
AHTO H BonKOB, tJUpeKrop,
c peKnaMo.aaref1flMI1
Copyright© 20 12 National Geographic Society
a.vo/kov@imedia .ru
nPEAnE'IATHAfl nOArOTOBKA
r en .: (4 95) 232 32 00, cj>aKc : (4 95) 232 17 60
Smartpixe/s, ren. : (4 95) 74 0 25 95,
All rights reserved. National Geographic and Yellow Border: Registered Trademarks® Marcas Registradas. Nat ional Geographic assumes no responsibility
info@smartpixels.ru
for unso l icited materials.
CaemaHa AHTOHOBa ,
nE'IATb
«NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC POCCHfl ,.
MeHetJJKep no MapKemHry" PR
3AO <An Ma3- n pecc",
Map" " Caxapoaa, KOOP!JI1Harop
1 23022 MocKaa,
fl toAM" na Ypyco a a, accucreHr
CTO n"P Hb l ~
EneHa Hecrepoaa,
IOPHCT
MeHe,ll>Kep npoeKTOB
Vl p"H a n noTH"Lj Ka"
OTAEII MAPKETHHrA
8 XOAI-1T B COCT8B \11 3A8TenbCKOrO AOMa
Sa noma Independent Media.
nep., 3/34
n peACeAaTenb Ha6ntoAaTen bHoro co sera : .QepK Cay3p reHepanbHblill A1-1P8KTOp : Ene Ha MfiC Hlti KOBa
CoseT A" PeKropoa : AneKca HAP l yKacoa, M " xa"n AY6 " "· EKarep" Ha Ka6a""" · Tarb" Ha Wanblr" Ha, Ta TbfiHa W I-1 WKOBa.
)f{ypHan "3Aaerc" " pacnpocrpaH"erc" e)KeMec"YHO 0 0 0 • IO Ha ~ TeA n pecc". NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE EDITOR IN CHIEF
«NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC POCCHfl ,.
ChriS JohnS DEPUTY EDITOR
Maii 2012 r. (N!104)
Victoria Pope
CREATIVE DIRECTOR
Bill Marr
nonHafli..Ul~t~ "'18CTIII'-1Ha51 nepene"''aTKa I11116o ~t~Hoe IIICnonb30-
EXECUTIVE EDITORS
saH!IIe MaTeplllaflOB, o n y6fliiiKOB8HHbiX B H8CT051W,eM lti3,QaHitlltl,
Den nis R . D imick MANAGING EDITOR Lesley
(Environment), Kurt M u tchler (Photography), Jam ie Sh reeve (Science)
B.
R ogers
6e3 niiiCbMeHHOro pa3peweH~t~51 1113.QaTenfl He .QOnycKaercfl. 3a co.Qep>t<aH!IIe peK!1aMHbiX MaTep~t~anos pe.QaKL..II-151
DEPUTY MANAGING EDITOR David B ri ndley
OTBeT CTBeHHOCTI-1 He HeCeT.
DEPUTY CREATIVE DIRECTOR Kaitl in Yarna l l
V13,Q8HIIIe 3aper ltiCTpltlpOB8HO B ¢le,Qepa!lbHOI1 Cfly>t<6e
DEPARTMENT ART: J uan VelaSCO DEPARTMENTS: Margaret G . ZaCkOW itz
no H8,Q30py 38 C061liO,Qe H!IIeM 38KOHO,QaTeJlbCTB8 B c¢epe
DIRECTORS DESIGN: Davi d C . Whitmore MAPS: Wi ll iam E. McNulty
M8CCOBbiX KOMMYH III K8 1.. 1 11111 Ill oxpa He KYilbTypHOfO H8Cfle,Q~t~51. Pe r iiiCTP8l...li-10HHOe CBI-l,QeTeflbCTBO: nVI NQ
INTERNATIONAL EDITIONS EDITORIAL DIRECTOR: Amy K o lczak PHOTO AND DESIGN EDITOR: D arren Sm it h . PHOTOGRAPHIC LIAISON: Laura
l.
Ford
PRODUCTION: Angela B atzer. ADMIN ISTRATION : Will ia m Shubert EDITORS ARABIC Mohamed A I H ammad i • BRAZIL Matthew Shirts • BULGARIA Krassimir D r um ev • CHINA Ye Na n
Y"''pe,QitiTeflb Ill 1113,QaTeflb }l{yp Hana:
127018
MOCKBa, yfl. n oflKOBa5l, 3, CTp.
no,QniiiCHble IIIH,QeKCbl B K8T8Il0f8X :
CROATI A H rvoje P rCiC • CZECHIA Tom3~ Turetek • ESTONIA Erkk i Peetsalu • FRANCE Franco is Maret
~ Pocne"''aTb • -
GERMANY Erwin B runner • GREECE Ma r ia At matzidou • HUNGARY Tam cis Schlosser • INDONESIA H e ndra
~ npecca Pocc111111 • -
Noor Saleh • ISRAEL D aphne R az • ITALY Ma r co Cattaneo • JAPAN Shigeo Otsu ka • KOREA Su n -ok Nam
~ no"''T8 POCCI-1111»-
36877; 40865; 16657.
LATIN AMERICA • O m ar L Opez • LITHUANIA Frederi kas J a n sonas • NETHERLANDS/ BELGIUM Aart Aarsberge n NORDIC COUNTRIES Ka r e n Gun n • POLAND Martyna WojcieChOWSka • PORTUGAL Gonca lo Perei r a
000
B npo.Qa>t<e c
24 anpenfl 2012 r.
ROM ANIA C r istian L ascu • RUSSIA Alexander Grek • SERBIA Igor Ri l l• SLOVENIA Marija Javorn i k
UeHa cso6o.QHa51.
SPAIN J osep C abe llo TAIWAN Roger Pan • THAILAND Kowit P h ad ung r uangkij • TURKEY Nes i be Bat
THpa* 140000 3K3.
ct>C77-25710.
«IO HaHTeA n pecc».
1.
nMCbMA
MapT 2012 r.
«JleTeJI ITO He6y KMT rop6aTbiH» (py6pHKa «0)1;HH Kap;p» ); «fOJIOC THrpa» <!>omrpa<P~t~~t~ S3~nsoT4111Hra 3asopa}f{~t~SatoT!
B Te4eH~t~e nony4aea 5l 3a4aposaHHO eMOTpena, KaK Ha <PoHe He6a S 6enbiX MOpeKitiX 6pbl3rax S3MbiSaeT SSbleb 30-TOHHa5l MaX~t~Ha- Kpaeasel..j KltiT. Hesa}f{HO, eKOnbKO Tbl seeltiWb- Sa}f{HO, HaeKOnbKO seeeno ill 3Hepri114HO Tbl MO}f{eWb SblnpblrltiSaTb 1113 SOAbl! BIIIAHO, He 3P5l rosop5lT, 4TO eyll.\eeTByiOT }f{ltiSOTHble-TOTeMbl - Ka}f{eTe5l , Tenepb ill 5l esoero Hawn a. 0AHaKo MapmseK~t~~ HOMep 5l Kyn~t~na , npe}f{Ae seero nonber~t~sw~t~eb Ha noerep 111 Marep~t~an o 6onbw~t~x KOWKaX. MHOrltle e41t1TaiOT ee65l IIIX noKnOHHitiKaMitl,- OAHaKO, eyA5l no 4ltleneHHOeTitl KOWa4bltiX, He 04eHb-TO 3Ta nto60Sb Ae~eTBeHHa. C rpyeTbiO np041t1Tana, 4TO npaKTitl4eeKitl see SltiAbl AIIIKIIIX KOWeK HaXOA5lTe5l Ha rpaHitl SbiMitlpaHitl5l. ne4anbHO, 4TO Mbl 3TO AOnyeTitlnltl, ill eosepweHHO He06XOAitiMO nepenOMitiTb e~t~ryal..jltiiO. Cnae~t~6o 3a ltiHTepeeHoe on~t~eaH~t~e }f{lti3Hitl erepe~ 3anoseAH~t~Kos! 1-1 enae~t~6o 3TitiM eMenbiM ntoA5lM, KOTOPble noMoratoT }f{ltiSOTHbiM Sbl}f{ltiTb. Aa , Kerar~t~ , renepb 5l noH5lna, KaK eaMa Mory noM04b 3TOMY MIIIPY5l MOry noyyaeTSOSaTb S Ae5lTenbHOeTitl $OHAOS no enaeeHitiiO 60nbWIIIX KOWeK. BoTTaK OAIIIH HOMep }f{ypHana enoeo6eH HeMHoro lti3MeH~t~Tb eyAb6y 4enoseKa- HeO}f{ltiAaHHO, HO o4eHb np~t~5lTHO. e~t~Hero
HA,QE}f(,QA 'lEJlOMOBA, no 3neKTPOHHOH no'ITe
«3KCIIe)J;H~HH
Ha forry6oe o3epo» npoeTO nopa3111TenbHO, HaeKOnbKO OTSa}f{HbiMitl MOryT 6b1Tb niOAitl. Te, KTO pltleKyeT }f{lti3Hbl0 paAitl HOSbiX OTKpbiTitl~, AOeTO~Hbl orpOMHOrO ysa}f{eHitl5l. Cnae~t~6o 111M 3a re 3HaHitl5l, KOTOPble y}f{e eo6paHbl ill KOTOpble ell.\e 6YAYT eo6~t~parbe5l . KorAa 5l 4111Tana eTaTbiO, Ka3anoeb, 4TO 3a
14
see 3Titl norep111 o65l3arenbHO 6yAeT HarpaAa - HO YSbl ... l-1eKpeHHe HaAeiOeb, 4TO OTBa}f{Hbl~ TeXHOAa~ sep MapTIIIH Po6eoH np~t~wen s HOP MY 111 xopowo ee65l YyseTByer. KYIJ.IEHKO Oil brA, r. MocKsa
7l , pO}f{AeHHa5l s roA T~t~rpa , npeAno4TO weHrpanbHa5l eraTb5l
no}f{~t~na ,
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC • MAW 2012
MapTOSeKOrO SblnyeKa, eTaTb5l 0 Tltlrpax, eTaHeT An5l MeH5l eaMO~ Sa}f{HO~ S 3TOM HOMepe - HO nony4~t~noeb He TaK. 7l seerAa MenbKOM npon~t~eTblsana n~t~ebMa 4111Tarene~. a eeroAH5l n~t~wy eaMa. He eMorna He Han~t~earb noene eraTbltl o rexHOAa~sepax o r~t~6en~t~ yyaerH~t~Ka 3KeneAitll..1illltl 111 o 4neHax leorpa$~t~4eeKoro 06Ll.\eersa,
nMCbMA
np1-1weAWI-1X Ha noMOW,b B TPYAHYIO MI-1Hyry... n1-1wy, 1-1 KOMOK nOACrynaeT K ropny ... XoYy no6naroAaPI-1Tb sac 3a 3TY CTaTbiO, 3a HanOMI-1HaHI-1e, '-ITO He nepesen1-1cb ew,e HaCTOS1W,I-1e MY}t{'-II-1Hbl B Hawe BpeMS1. IOJ111SI rAHrYP,
r. 0MCK
B MapTOBCKOM HOMepe «NG POCCI-1S1 •• 2012 roAa S1 C I-1HTepeCOM npOYI-1Tan cTaTbiO AneKcaHApa lpeKa «3KcneA1-1l.\I-1S1 Ha lony6oe o3epo••. Ha CTpaHI-1l.\e 108 B CTaTbe Hani-1CaHO 6yKBanbHO cneAytOw,ee: .. nepeA norpy}t{eHI-1S1MI-1 Aaf1sepbl onpaw1-1san1-1
MeCTHbiX }t{I-1Tenef1, l-1115-neTHI-1f1 6anKapel.\ ToKaf1 Ka31-1es, ycnesw1-1f1 B nepByiO MI-1POBYIO nosoeBaTb B nereHAapHof1 ,[\I-1Kof1 A1-1BI-131-11-1 .. ·''· Aeno B TOM, '-ITO B ¢espane 2012 roAa B CMI--1 npoXOAI-1na I-1H¢opMal.\I-1S1: B ABCTpanl-11-1 CKOHYanaCb caMas:~ nocneAHS1S1 1-13 I-13BecTHbiX yYaCTHI-1KOB nepsof1 MI-1POBOf1 sof1Hbl. 0Ha pa6oTana MeAcecTpof1 s rocn1-1Tane. nonyYaeTCS1, '-ITO, BepOS1THO, nocneAHI-1f1 yYaCTHI-1K TOf1 sof1Hbl }t{I-1BeT B Pocc1-11-1 Ha KasKa3e! 3TO OYeHb I-1HTepeCHblf1 cj)aKT. BCEBOllOA CAXHOBCKHH,
r.EKarepHH6ypr
«AilbnAPH))- BbiWE TO/lbKO KOCMOC...
Ha npOTS1}t{eHI-11-1 y}j{e nonyroAa S1 npornaTbiBaiO Ka}t{Ablf1 saw }t{ypHan 3a ABa AHS1 1-1 OCTaBWI-1eCS1 28 AHef1 KapayniO HOBblf1 HOMep y KI-10CKOB. Bee 3TI-1 npi-1KniOYeHI-1S1 l-1ccneAOBaTenef1 BOAOnaAOB B ABCTpanl-11-1, ¢PI-1Aaf1sepbl 1-1 MHor1-1e APYrl-1e I-1HTepecHble cTaTbl-1 ... OrpoMHoe KOnl-1'-leCTBO KpaCI-1BbiX cj)oTOrpacj)l-1f1 , CAenaHHbiX npo¢eccl-1oHanbHO 1-1 I-1HOrAa. Ka}t{eTCS1 , c pi-1CKOM AnS1 }t{I-13HI-1 ¢omrpa¢a. KaK 3Aoposo, '-ITO B Hawe speMS1 ew,e oCTani-1Cb OXOTHI-1KI-1 3a npi-1KniOYeHI-1S1MI-1! Ho 6onbwe scero MeHS1 nopa31-1n1-1 ABe CTaTbl-1 B MapTOBCKOM HOMepe.
KoMaHAa npoeKTa «Anbnapl-1 Ha sepwi-1Hax Mi-1pa>> no6b1Bana Ha BbiCWI-1X TOYKaX fO}t{HOf1 AMepi-1KI-1 (AKOHKarya) 1-1 A¢pi-1KI-1 (ni-1K K1-1ni-1MaHA}t{apo). LJ,enb KOMaHAblnpof1AS1 HeCTaHAapTHbiMI-1 MapwpyraMI-1, 3a OAI-1H roA nOKOpi-1Tb BepWI-1Hbl BCeX KOHTI-1HeHTOB. Tenepb onbiTHbiX anbni-1HI-1CTOB }t{AeT I-1HTepecHef1waS1 YaCTb cynepnpoeKTa , opraHI-130BaHHOrO KpynHef1WI-1M ¢opeKc-6poKepoM Mi-1pa- KOMnaHI-1ef1 «Anbnapl-1••. 3sepecT (8848 MeTpos) caMas:~
BbiCOKaS1 1-1
caMas:~
}t{eCTOKaS1 ropa
nnaHeTbl. KoMaHAa HaMepeHa 6poci-1Tb Bbi30B npi-1pOAe, nponO}t{I-1B Ha BepWI-1HY HOBblf1 Mapwpyr. YYacTByf1 B npi-1KniOYeHI-1S1X «Anbnapl-1•• OHnaf1H!
www.alpari-life.ru 16
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC • MAW 2012
nHTbiM 106MnEMHbiM <I>ECTMBAnb «.O.MKASI MSITA))
1-3 HIOHSI B 3THOMHpe npOHAeT nHTbiH 106HneHHbiH $eCTHBal1b «AHKaH MHTa»!
Ha cpecn1Ballb Cbe.QyrCfl ny'lwl1e apTI1CTbl co scex yronKOB csera. 3a TP11.QHfl 3.QeCb 6y,qer npe,qcrasneH w11po'lailw11il MY3biKallbHblil cneKTP world music! Eiy,qer see - 3a1111XBaTCKI1e 6a11KaHCKI1e Me110.Q111111 KellbTCKI1e pi1TMbl, canbca 11 cpnaMeHKO, pyccKI1e HaneBbll1 a4Jpo611r, 3THO.Q>Ka3 11 conHe'lHafl parra. Tonino Carotone 1131tlcnaHI11111 Oquestrada 113 nopryra111111, Budlillus 113 repMaHI11111 H11HO KaTaMa,Q3e 113 rpy31111, HOpBe>KCKI1il KBapTeT Katzenjammer 11 nereH,qapHafl 4>11HCKafl Varttina. «AI1Kafl Mf!Ta»- reM a 3Toro nera! nponycri1Tb- ce6e He npocr11rb.
http://mintmusic.ru/
nepBbl~
MaTep11an,
KOTOpbl~
TpO-
HYll AO rny611Hbl AYWI1, - 3TO craTbs:l npo r11rpos. >111 He 3Hana , YTO B npi1-
5I YI1Tana ee 3anoeM, 11cnonb3Y5l o6eAeHHbl~
nepepbiB Ha pa6ore
Ha MHozottuc!leHHbLe 6onpocbL ttumame11eii, o6ecnoKoeHHbLX cyob6ou MapmuHa Po6coHa, om6ettaem a6mop cmambu o
neYanbHO, YTO Ons:lTb 113-3a niOACKO~ anYHOCTI1 CTpaAaiOT Hl1 B YeM He noBI1HHble >KI1BOTHble. TaK rpycrHo
11 B006w,e n106y10 CB060AHYIO MI1HYTKy. Konner11 crpaHHO Ha MeHs:l nOCMaTpi1Banl1 - a MHe CTOI1nO 6onbworo TPYAa He 3annaKaTb. npi1MI1Te MOI1 11CKpeHHI1e C06one3-
YI1TaTb npo rope BAOBbl r11rpa 113 cneKTaKnl'l o r11rpe, 6onbHO B11AeTb
HOBaHI15l no nOBOAY r116en11 AHApes:l POA110Hosa. TaK>Ke xorena y sac
- C 6pumaHCKUM OaU6epoM pee 6ce 6 nopHoKe. HbtpHmb 211y6oKo eMy Hellb3Jl e~e zoo, n03moMy MapmuH
AeBOYKy, Aep>Kaw,yiO <j)ororpa<j)1110
Y3HaTb, YTO >Ke sce-raKI1 cnyYI1nocb
y611TO~
noroM , nocne roro KaK caMoner M'-lC 3a6pan MapTI1Ha Po6coHa. To, YTO OH cnaCCs:l, 3TO nOHs:lTHO 113
CKOMY oau6uHzy. CKopo o MapmuHe 6btiioem aH2!lOJl3bLttHbLU Mamepua!l -
CTaTbl1. Ho Hey>Kenl1 6p11raHCKI1~ cnel.\Ha3oBel.\ ocraHeTCI'l napani130saHHbiM Ha BCIO>KI13Hb?
6yoem oa6amb uHmep6b10 u paccKa-
POAe 11x ocranocb raK Mano. Ill KaK
6paKOHbepaMI1 TI11PI1l.\bl. nopa>Kaer, YTO npecrynneHI15l co-
sepwaiOTCI'l Aa>Ke Ha repp11rop1111 3anOBeAH11KOB. 5I CaMa COCTOIO 11 B Green peace, 11 s WWF 11 xorena 6bl Y3HaTb, YTO MOryT CAenaTb npOCTble n10A11, YT06bl nOMOYb >KI1BOTHbiM cnaCTI1Cb OT HaC. A sropas:1, cl1nbHee scero 3arpoHyswa5l MeHs:l CTaTbs:l , - 3TO, KOHeYHO >Ke, Marep11an npo rexHOAa~BI1Hr.
ACSI HYPYilnl-tHA,
r. Ka3aHb
mexHooau6uHze AlleKcaHop fpeK:
JaHUMaemcJl meM, tteM u npeJICOe 3aHUMallCJl, - o6ytteHUeM meXHUtte-
m020a OH cmaHem 3HaMeHUmbLM, 3bL6amb 0 C60UX npUKlliOtteHUJlX 6 Poccuu. YJICe 3muM 11emoM y MapmuHa Kypcbl Ha Ma!lbme, zoe OH 6yoem o6Hbtpu6amb JamoHy6tuue cyoa.
>KAEM BAWHX nHCEM no aApecy: «National Geographic PoccHH «, 127018 MocKBa, yn . nonKOBaH, 3 , CTp. 1 E-MAIL: ngm@imedia.ru nHcbMa peAaKTHPYIOTCH .
nMCbMA
«qTo ern;e c)l;eJiaTb )l;JIH IIJiaHeTbi?» MeH~
sonHyiOT npo6neMbl 3Kononillwy Ha 3TY TeMy Hay4Hbl~ npoeKT An~ y4aCTill~ s ropoACKOM KOHKypce. 51, KaK ill MO~ CeMb~, co6n10Aa10 HeKoropble npasillna, HanpiiiMep scerAa BbiHiiiMaiO 3ap~A Hoe ycrpo~cTBo i113 cerill, Ka>KAbl~ Mec~u, CAaiO MaKynarypy Ha nepepa6oTKy ill BTOPi114HOe i11Cnonb30BaHille, scerAa Bbl6pacb1Bal0 Mycop ronbKO s ypHy, a AOMa Mbl nonb3yeMc~ 3Heproc6eperai0Ll.\i11Mill naMn04KaMillill COKpall.\aeM paCXOA BOAbl. 3TOCi secHoCi ~ co6i11pa10Cb ca>KaTb Aepe-
n-n-1,
ill~
Bb~. ill xo4y yrosopiiiTb APY3eei nocneAOBaTb MOeMy npiiiMepy. A 4TO ell.\e ~Morna 6bl CAenaTb An~ roro , 4T06bl noM04b coxpaH~Tb Hawy npillpOAY? V1 nOACKa>KiiiTe, KaK MHe y6eAiiiTb CBOiiiX OAHOKnaCCHiiiKOB TO>Ke 3KOHOMi11Tb BOAY ill He Bbl6pacbiBaTb Mycop rAe nonano? 5YAY o4eHb npi113HarenbHa 3a orser.
EnAHA CA<I>APOBA,
3 «A» Knacc WKOnbl NQ27,
r. EKaTepMH6ypr
Om6et.taem Onbza llezo6a, pyKo6ooumenb cnyJIC6bt uHcjjopMau,uu BceMupHozo cjjoHoa ouKou npupoobt (WWF) :
- Cyw,ecm6yem MHOJ/Cecm6o Menot.teu, Komopbte KaJICOOMY t.tumamemo noMozym 6ecmu 6onee npa6UllbHbtu o6pa3 JICU3HU Cmot.tKU 3peHWC 3KOll02UU. /I,llH noKynoK nyt.ttue ucnollb306amb MHozopa30Bbte cyMKU, a He nnacmuK06bte naKembl, nocneoHue 6 KpauHeM cnyt.tae nocne UGn0Jlb306aHUH MOJICHO COamb 6 nepepa6omKy. lfaw,e etubme MecmHbte npooyKmbt, Ha Oocma6KY KomopbtX He mpe6yemcH MHozo monnu6a. llollb3yumecb o6w,ecm6eHHbtM mpaHcnopmoM, a Ha KopomKUe paccmOHHUJC XOOUme netuKOM unu e3oume Ha 6enocuneoe.
«NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC POCCH51)) PACCKA>KET 0 COBPEMEHHOCTH 17 an pen~ s npoAa>Ky nocryniiiT ceAbMOCi BblnycK iiiCTOPi114eCKOCi cepillill «1000 C06b1Ti11Ci, KOTOpble i113MeHillnill Millp», i113AasaeMOCi >KypHanoM «National Geographic Poccill~··· BblnycK «CospeMeHHOCTb» nocB~Ll.\eH 1946-2007 roAaM. Bbl y3Haere 0 C06b1Tiii~X 3TOrO nepiiiOAa, 0 TOM, 4eM
COnpOBO>KAanc~
npou,ecc rno6ani113aU,illill, Ha4aBwi11Ci Ha6illparb o6opOTbl nocne Bropoei Millposoei soCiHbl. 06pa3osaH~t~e
rocyAapcTBa V13paV1nb, y6~t~Cicrso MaxaTMbl
laHAV1, C03AaH~t~e HATO, np~t~XOA KOMMYHV1CTOB K snacTV1 s K~t~rae,
no6eAa Cl>~t~Aen~ Kacrpo Ha Ky6e, Kap~t~6CKV1Ci KPV13V1C,
y6i11Cicrso ,lJ,>KOHa KeHHeAill, nepesopoTbl s Espone, V1cnaMCKa~ pesOniOU,ill~
B V1paHe,
V1paHO-illpaKCKa~
BOCiHa, BOCiHa
B V1paKe- 06 3Ti11X ill MHOriiiXAPYriiiX nOBOpOTHbiX nyHKTaX MillpOBOCi V1CTOpV1V1 4V1TaCiTe B HOBOM BblnycKe cepV1V1. Co6paTb BCe BblnYCKill Cnepsoro no CeAbMOCi MO>KHO, noAniiiCaBWiiiCb Ha caeire http:/jwww.nat-geo.rujnews/504/ 18
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC • MAW 2012
- npo6ecmu KOHKypc 3KOll02U'1CCKUX nOOCllOK ( U3 UcnOJlb306aHHblX
- no6ecumb Kpaco'1Hbte nllaKambt
EllaHa 6 utKOlle MOJKem nonpo6o6amb npu6llC'1b ooHOKllaCCHUK06 Kpa3Hoo6pa3HbtM uHmepecHbtM
Mamepuallo6);
aKU,UHM, HanpuMep maKUM: - opzaHu3o6amb c6op MaKyllamypbt cHa'1alla 6 c6oeM Kllacce, a nomoM,
- :Jmy JKe meMy MOJKHO pa36Umb utupe: COCllamb npaKmU'1HblC 6CUI,U OllH utKOllbt - o6JlOJKKY OllH KHUZ U3
A Mbl co C60CU cmopoHbl oapuM
CCllU nOllY'1UmCH, U 60 6CCU UlKOllC;
cmapbtX JKypHall06, MeutoK OllH o6y6u
EllaHe cneu,uallbHbtii npu3 3a
- opzaHu3o6amb 6btnycK cmeHza3e-
U3 HeHyJKHoii cfiym6ollKU, H06ozooHue uzpyutKU U3 omCllYJKU6UlUX JlaMn0'1CK, 6aHOK U nJlaCmUK06blX 6ymbtllOK;
nucbMO - KHUZU National Geographic. HaoeeMcH, 11mo 6ce uHuu,uamu6bt
mbt Ha meMy oxpaHbt npupoobt; - coeJlamb CK6ope'1HUKu;
6 UlKOllC ( npo 3KOHOMUIO 3llCKmpu'1eCm6a, 600bl, oo6a6Umb opyzue 3KOll02U'1CCKUC C06Cmbt). Om peoaKu,uu:
EllaHbt 6yaym ycneutHbt!
LACOSTE
HOBbl~ EAU DE LACOSTE_~?.12 ROUG_E /lHoH):; rHM1 PYLA IJICA no nOB
OllnE
l'o
APOMA
8
ABTOPbl CAMbiX l-1HTEPECHbiX nl-1CEM nonY'-IAIOT nO.D.APKl-1 Jlyywee m1CbMO B 3TOM Mecflu,e HaM np~cnan
BcesonoA
CaxHOBCKMM ~3 EKaTep~H6ypra. B noAapoK BcesonoA nonyYaeT
BeTpOBKY OT
LUHTA.
<t:>~HCK~~ 6peHA
LUHTA
scerAa roTOB paAOBaTb
noKynaTene~ YA06Ho~ OA8}l{AO~ Anfl cnopm ~ aKT~BHOro OTAbiXa,
KOTOpafl npeKpaCHO COYeTaeT BbiCOKYIO cpyHKU,~OHanbHOCTb ~ nocneAH~e MOAHbl8 T8HA8HU,~~. CT~nbH85l BeTpOBKa ~3 HOBO~
KonneKu,~~
LUHTA -
seTpo- ~ BOAOHenpoH~u,aeMafl. 0Ha nerKo
nOM8CT~TCfl B H860nbWYIO CyMKy, ~ Bbl 60nbW8 He 6yA8T8 38B~C8Tb
OT H8TOYHbiX M8T80npOrH030B.
HAWA C 1888
MMCCM~
roAa Hau,HoHanbHoe reorpa<t>w~ecKoe o6~ecTBO opraHH30Bano
TbiCs:lliH Hayl!HbiX 3KCneAHLI,HH H nyTeWeCTBHH no BCeM KOHTHHeHTaM 3eMnH, BOBneKaH liHTaTeneH B MHp Aep3HOBeHHbiX npHKniOlleHHH H HCCneAOBaHHH.
nPorPAMMbl H rPAHTbl (Grantmaking and Explorer Programs) KpynHelllwafl s Mlt1pe HeKOMMep'-lecKafl Hay'-IHafl 1t1 npocserlt1renbcKafl opraHit13aU,It151, 06w,ecrso CTaBit1T CBOell! u,enbiO Wlt1pOKOe y'-laCTit1e Ka>K,Qoro s npeyMHO>KeHit11t1 1t1 pacnpocrpaHeHit11t1 reorpa¢1t1'-leCKit1X 3HaH1t1111. no,Qp06HOCTit1 CMOTplt1Te Ha caii!Te www.nationalgeographic.com/field/ grants-programs KOMHTET no HCCnEAOBAHHRM H H3biCKAHHRM (Committee for Research and Exploration) 6onee era neT 3aHit1Maercfl cplt1HaHCit1pOBaHit1eM pa3H006pa3HbiX npoeKTOB lt1 3KCne,Qit1U,It1ill (B TOM '-llt1Cne 1t1 B POCC1t11t1), Ha KOTOpble Bbi,Qenlt1n 170 Mlt1nnlt1oHos ,Qonnapos. Cpe.Qit1 ero AOCTit1>KeH1t1111 - pacKonKit1 s Ma'-ly-nlt1K'-Iy, 06Hapy>KeHit1e «Tit1TaHit1Ka>>, OTKpbiTit151 Mlt1posoro ypoBHfl, c,QenaHHble ,lJ,>KeiiiH ly.Qann, ,LJ,alllaHolll ¢occlt1, ceMbelll n1-1K1t1. no,Qp06HOCTit1 CMOTplt1Te Ha caii!Te www.nationalgeographic.com/field/ grants-programsjcre.html <I>OHA OXPAHbl AHKOH nPHPOAbl (Conservation Trust) no,Q,Qep>Kit1BaeT cplt1HaHCOBO KaK noneBble lt1CCne,QOBaHit151, CBfl3aHHble c oxpaHolll OKpy>KaiOw,elll cpe.Qbl, TaK 1t1 o6pa3osarenbHble KaMnaHit11t1 1t1
npoeKTbl, KOTOpble no6y>K.Qa10T niO.Qelll OTBeTCTBeHHO OTHOCit1TbC51 K 3KOnOrlt11t1. no,Qp06HOCTit1 CMOTplt1Te Ha caii!Te WWW. nationalgeographic.com/field/grantsprogramsjconservation-trust.html
3KCnEAHUHOHHbiH COBET (Expeditions Council) 0Ka3b1Baer ¢1t1HaHcosy10 no.Q.Qep>KKY ,Qnfl 3KOnOrlt1'-leCKit1X lt1CCne,QOBaHit1illlt1 opraHit13aU,It11t1 nyrewecrs1t111! s TPYAHO.QocrynHble yronKit1 nnaHeTbl, a TaK>Ke s perlt10Hbl, r,Qe s Hacroflw,ee speMfl npolt1CXO.Q51T 3Ha'-llt1TenbHble nepeMeHbl B KynbTYPHOilllt1nlt1 OKpy>KaiOw,eill cpe,Qe. Cpe.Qit1 HanpasneHI-1111, KOTOPble no,Q.Qep>Kit1Baer CoseT, - lt1ccne,QoBaHit151 Mlt1posoro oKeaHa, apxeonorlt1'-leCKit1e oTKpbiTit15l,nepsosocxo>K.QeHit15l.no.Qpo6HOCTit1 CMOTP1t1Te Ha calllre www.national geographic.comjfieldjgrants-programs/ expeditions-council.html rPAHTbl MOnOAbiM nYTEWECTBEHHHKAM (Young Explorers Grants) 06w,ecrso npe,QOCTaBnfleT cplt1HaHCOBYIO nOMOW,b MOnO,QbiM lt1CCne,QOBaTen51M OT 18 ,[10 25 neT, CTit1Mynlt1pyerrex, KTO snepsble ornpasnfleTCfi«Bnone».no.Qpo6Hocrlt1 cMoTplt1Te Ha calllre www.national geographic.comjfieldjgrants-programs/ young-explorers.html
nnAHETE HY>+<HA HAWA nOMOW.b
MMCCMH MccneooBaHue HeU3BeoaHHbtX 2lly6uH oKeaHa.
HoBoe 3D K9MepoHa PeYb ~AeT He 0 HOBOM np~weCTB~~ OCKapOHOCHOIO « T~TaH~Ka >> ,
30 -
TaK MO>KHO Ha3BaTb
COBMeCTHbl~ npoeKT Hal.\~OHaflbHOro leOIpa<j:>~4eCKoro o6w,ecma ~ aMep~KaHCKoro
K~Hope>K~ccepa ,IJ,>Ke~Mca K3MepoHa no
Ha4aflbHbiM 6yKBaM Tpex aHifl~~CK~X CflOB-
depression, depth, diving (BnaA~Ha, nolpy>KeH~e).
26
1ny6~Ha,
MapTa K3MepoH Ha lny6o-
KOBOAHOM o6~TaeMoM annapaTe
Challenger npoBefl 2 4aca 36
Deepsea
M~HYT B Map~
aHCKOM OKeaH~4€CKOM >K€fl06e. ltlMeHHO TaM HaXOA~TC5l CaMOe lfly60KO€ M€CTO Ha 3eMfl€ -
BnaA~Ha LJenneHA>Kep
(10920 MeTpOB).
K3MepoH nocT05lHHO cTpeM~TC5l B 1ny6~Hbl OKeaHOB: 6naroAap5l COTPYAH~4€CTBY C y4eHbiM~ ~3lt1HCT~TYTa oKeaHOflOI~~ Pocc~~cKo~ aKaAeM~~
HayK
~ 3K~na>KeM Hay4HO-~CCJle
AOBaTeflbCKOIO CYAHa «AKaAeM~K McT~cnaB KeflAbiW•• pe>K~ccep nolpy>KaflC5l K ocTaHKaM «T~TaH~Ka» ~ HeMel.(KOIOfl~HKOpa « Ei~CMapK>>,
K YA~B~TeflbHbiM «4epHbiM KYP~flbW,~KaM••. 06 3T~X 3KCneA~l.\~5lX
OH CH5lfl KpaC04Hbl€ AOKy-
M€HTaflbHbl€ <j:>~JlbMbl - «np~3paK~ 6e3AHbl:
Co
speMeH~ norpy)l{eH~H «Tp~ecTa»
(BH~3Y)
AO npoeKTa Deepsea Challenger (ssepxy) Map~aHcK~~ )l{eno6 «He Cfl~WKOM ~3MeH~flC5! », KaK cKa3an ,[\)l{e~Mc K3MepoH no Tene¢oHy ,[\oHy Yonwy, OAHOMY ~3 AByx nepBbiX noKop~Tene~ peKOPAHbiX rny6~H.
"T~TaH~K"••, « 3KcneA~l.\~5l "Ei~CMapK"», «l.Jy-
>K~e ~3 6e3AHbl>> , a 3aTeM ~CnOflb30Bafl 3T~ Hapa60TK~ B K~HOfl€HTe «T~TaH~K>> (CaMbl€
3aXBaTbl BaiOw,~e ee KaApbl, HeCOM H€H HO , CB5l3aHbl C nOABOAHbiM~ Cb€MKaM~) ~ Aa>Ke B «ABaTape••, IAe ~HonnaHeTHble cyw,ecma HanOM~HaiOT 06~TaTefle~ 3€MHbiX OKeaHOB.
«51 He HaWefl B BOA€ H~4€10, 4TO noKa3aflOCb 6bl MH€ >K~BbiM, KpOMe H€CKOflbK~X aM<j:>~nOA,- paccKa3afl,IJ,>Ke~Mc K3MepoH, eABa
Bbr6paBw~cb ~3 annapaTa.- He AYMaiO, 4TO 5l AOCT~I M€CTa, lA€ MOl 6bl B35lTb ~HTepeCHbl€ 1eono1~4ecK~e o6pa3l.\bl ~fl~ o6Hapy>K~Tb 4TO-H~6YAb fll06onbrTHoe Aflfl 6~ono1a••.
Ero
pa6oTe noMewan~ HenonaAK~ B ~~ApaBfl~4e cKo~ C~CTeMe.
lt1 BCe >Ke ...
Ha CaMyiO BbiCOKYIO
Bepw~Hy nflaHeTbl B30Wfl~ OKOflO
4 TbiC5l4
flOBeK; Ha noBepXHOCTb nyHbl CTyn~flO
4€-
12, a
no4T~ Ha caMOM AHe Map~aHCKoro >Keno6a
K3MepoH oKa3anc5l n~wb TpeTb~M ... nocne >KaKa n~Kapa ~ ,IJ,oHa Yonwa , coBepw~Bw~x onacHe~wee no1py>KeH~e Ha 6aT~CKa<j:>e «Tp~
ecT•• B 1960 IOAY·
22
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC • MAJ/! 2012
BBEPXY
~
B UEHTPE: MAPK T~ECCEH , NGM STAFF.
AH,apei1 >Kypasnes BH~3Y:
TOMAC
A6EPKPOM6 ~
-
-
«DOTO I ~MTATEnH
np~Cblllaihe eaw~ <j>ororpa<j>~~
Ha Haw 311eKTPOHHbiH aApec ngphoto@imedia.ru
BnaA ~yMa'leHKO
r.
K~es, YKpa~Ha
Ho4b nocne 3~MHero wropMa s 51me. neA np~Aan np~YYAn~ Bble cjlopMbl cjloHap51M Ha Ha6epe}t{HO~ .
C no51sneH~eM
nyHbl, snepsble 3a
cyrK~ .
cr~x~51 ycnoKo~nacb.
SIKOB OcKaHOB
r. Pocms-Ha-,[\oHy rAe-TO AaneKO ... rpaH~I..Ia AOHCK~X ~ KanMbii..IK~X CTene~ .
28
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC • MAM 2012
HsaH lienSieB r. B~,QHOe, MOCKOBCKaf1 o6naCTb Ha ron oM cTBone Meprsoro ,qepesa H806bi4HO, cne,Qbl >KyKa-KOpOe,Qa ,QOnOnHf110T CIOppean ~CT~48CKYIO Ka pT~ Hy. BonHa
~3 rp~6os
CMOTp~TCf1
-
«DOTO I ~MTATEnH
MapMSI A6paM'lYK r. K~es , YKpa~Ha
PaHHee rennoe yrpo Ha 6epery peK~ Terepes (OA~H ~3 np~TOKOB ,lJ,Henpa), Kanfl~ pOCbl Ha Jl~CTK8 pacreH~51 . MaKpOCb8MKa OTKpbiBaeT M~p. KOTOpbli-1 3a4acry10 He3aMeTeH rna3y. BceneHHa51 craHOBIHC51 el!1e orpoMHee- ~ el!1e npeKpacHee.
CraHMcnas Ceprees r. EKarep~H6ypr
OceHb . OKyraHHbli-1 ryMaHOM , A8P8B8HCK~i-1 pbl6aK CTO~T Ha 6epery peK~ V1cerb. yrpeHH~M
30
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC • MAM 2012
-
«DOTO I ~MTATEnH
'"lapnH 3nbMara r. 3p-PV151A, CayAOBCKa5l ApaBV15l .. no)l{anyeicra , npocTV1 MeHfl , M05l AOporaH .. : cnV14e4Hblei MY)I{4V1Ha (cnpasa) o6palJ..IaeTC5l K csoeei AaMe, KOTOpa5l BOCCeAaeT Ha CnV14e4HbiX KOp06KaX. BAOXHOBneHHblfi KypcaMV1 <j>OTOrpa<j>V1V1, 3nbMara norpaTV1n ABa 4aCa, 4T06bl CAenaTb 3TOT CHVIMOK.
Capa AmoHc r. ,D,yp6aH , IQ)I{HO-A¢pVIKaHcKa5l Pecny6nV1Ka Cep¢-¢ororpa¢VI5l - xo66VI Capbl ,[l,)I{OHC, VI 3TVI BOAHble A)I{VIrVITbl cranV1 Anfl Hee HaCT05llJ..Iefi HaXOAKOCi. «,D,enb<j>VIHbl Yacro BblnpblrV1BaiOT Vl3 BOnHbl VI Hblp5110T 06paTHO B MOpe- V1 3TO npeKpaCHOe 3penVIlJ..Ie" , - rOBOpVIT Capa.
32
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC • MAM 2012
«DOTO I CDOTOMACTEP
Kllayc 3HpuKe
«OropOAH~K" ApYI-1M6onbAO, oKono 1590 roAa.
KaK 5ll-1 nnaHI-1posan, Ha wn5lne- M05l noAnl-1cb. Ho Aa}f{e B nepesepHJ'TOM BI-1Ae l-1306pa}f{eH!-1e Bblln5lAI-1T K8K TapenKa COB0ll.I8MI-1.
OE ABTOPE Kllayc 3HpuKe JI(UBem B MexuKo u !IoHOOHe. EollbUJYJO <tacmb ezo pa6om MOJI(HO yBuoemb Ha caume klausenrique.com
J1 CHOBa Ap11HM60Jib)J;O
KorAa 5l
BnepBble YBI-1Aen KapTI-1HY XYAO>KHI-1Ka ,[l.>Ky3enne Ap41-1M-
HI-14TO>KeCTBO>>- KaK 6yATO 5l OTnpaBI-1nC5l B nyBp 1-1 npoCTO Han1-1can CBOe I-1M5l Ha BCeX pa60TaX 3HaMeHI-1TOIO
rl
AYMaiO, 4TO ¢oTorpa<jJI-15l- ny4WI-1~ cnoco6
6onbAO, TO Bnan B OT4a5lHI-1e. He 6blnO HI-1KaKOIO CMbiCna
I-1TanbflHL\a.
OCYLL\eCTBnflTb MOIO «HOBYIO» KOHL\enL.(I-110 cepl-11-1 nopTpe-
Anfl Bonnoll.\eHI-151 3TO~ 1-1Ael-1. KoMn031-1L\1-15l, cno>KeHHafl
TOB - Bee 6blno CAenaHo 6onee
400 neT Ha3aA, 1-1 CAena-
HO Beni-1KOnenHO. Ho 5l He CAancfl, npOAOn>KI-1n nOI-lCKI-11-1
1-13 peanbHbiX npeAMeToB, Bbl3biBaeT ropa3AO 6onee Cl-1nbHble Bne4aTneHI-15l. B He~ eCTb HenocpeACTBeHHOCTb,
o6Hapy>KI-1n: 1-1Aefl 6blna He HOBa 1-1 TOrAa. noA06Hble nop-
KOTOpO~ HeB03MO>KHO A061-1TbC5l C nOMOLL\biO >KI-1BOni-1CI-1.
TpeTbl noflBI-1ni-1Cb, KOrAa 4enoBeK BblnO>KI-1n Ha 3eMne
rl
napy KaMHe~ 1-1 nanKy 1-1 cKa3an: "nornflAI-1Te, 3TO ni-1L\O».
HI-1K I-1Cnonb3yeT reHHYIO 1-lH>KeHepl-110 Anfl C03AaHI-15l >KI-1-
CeiOAHfl MeH5l He BOnHyeT, 4TO 5l BpeM5l OT BpeMeHI-1 nony4al0 ni-1CbMa co cnoBaMI-1: «Tbl- BOP» 1-1n1-1 «Tbl-
36
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC • MAM 2012
npeACTaBnfliO, KaK CO BpeMeHeM KaKO~-HI-16YAb XYAO>K-
BO~ KapTI-1Hbl , KOTOpa5l 6yAeT BbllnflAeTb T04b-B-T04b KaK «BepTyMH•• Ap41-1M60nbAO. V13TO 6yAeT 3aMe4arenbHO.
/MAGNO/GETTY IMAGES (•OrDPOI\H ~ K·i
«DOTO I CDOTOMACTEP
Kllayc 3HpuKe
«JleTO »,
HanVICaHO B 1563 IDAY·
YeM 6onbwe 51 pa6oTato , TeM CB060AHee ce651 LIYBCTByto, KaK 3AeCb, HanpVIMep. 3TO KaK BeTBb Aepesa , BblpacTatoU1a51 Vl3 CTBOJla VI OTKJlOH5110U1a51C51 TO sneso , TO snpaso. $1 Aa)i(e HaL!an AenaTb «ApLIVIM6o!lbAeCKVI », cpeAVI KOTOpbi X- nopTpeT npVIHL\eCCbl ,/J,VIaHbl.
38
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC • M AH 2012
«DOTO I CDOTOMACTEP
Kllayc 3HpuKe
«311Ma», HanV1caHa B 1572 ro,Qy. noMHIO , fl y}l{e OT4aflnCfl HafiTV1 HY}I{Hbli-1 KYCOK ,QpeBeCHOi-1 KOPbl. 516po,QV1n no necaMHO BCe HanpaCHO.
B KOHU,e KOH-
LI,OB fl c,Qancfl V1 3aKa3an Kopy npo6Kosoro ,Qepesa. 111 nepBbli-1 }1{8 KYCOK, KOTOpblfi fl BbiTalJ1V1n V13 KOp06KV1, OKa3anCfl V1M8HHO TeM, 4TO fl V1CKan MHOrO He,Qenb.
40
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC • MAM 2012
«DOTO I CDOTOMACTEP
Kllayc 3HpuKe
«BecHa», HanVICaHa B 1573 rOAY· HeKoTopble rosop5n: «3TO Ae~ CTBVITenbHO Kp8CVIBO, nopTpeT CAenaH Vl3 L(BeTOB». Ho npVIPOAa T8 KVIX Vl306pa>KeHVI~ 06MaHYVIBa , OHa CnO>KHee, Ye M Ka>KeTC51 . 51 BOCnOnb30B8nC51 nOMOUjbiO csoero APYra , ¢nopV!cTa ,[\>KynVIaHa KanbAepoHa . Mbl pa6oTanVI TpVI AH51 6e3 OCT8HOBKVI.
ct>OTO: GALLERYCOLLECTIONjCORBIS (•nETO•) ; YH ~ BEPCAilbHbl~ ~CTO P ~YECK~~ APX~B / GETTY IMAGES (· 3~MA ·); B~ TTOP~O 3YH~HO UEnOTTO , GETTY/MAGES (• BECHA•)
AHHarnrno- opaHJICeBblU nuU{eBoii Kpacurnellb, nollyttaeMblU U3 o6o!lotteK ceMHH rnponuttecKozo KycrnapHuKa 6uKCbl. 3rnorn HarnypallbHblU Kpacurne!lb UMeern KOO E160b, a !{Bern eMy npuomorn KapornUHOUObl (6UKCUH U Hop6UKCUH), KOrnopble !leZKO pacrnBopmorncH 6 J/Cupax u nornoMy no360llH10rn oKpauwBarnb ll106ble MOllOttHbte npooyKrnbl u MaiioHe3. A Ka!lueBaH u HarnpueBaH co!lu Hop6uKcuHa ucno!lb3Y10rncH 6 npouJBoocrnBe coKoB, cynoB u MYttHblX uJoe!luu.
Cbip: KpacoTa 110-aMepHKaHCKH
snoMr~Kax.
3anal'lHHbiX s nneHKy, ~ r106~Kax , nnasneHblill ~n~ KYCKOM, aMeP~KaHcK~ill Cblp- 3rO HaCrOI'lll.\~~~~ rpaHCQlOpMep. 06bi4HO OH opaH>Kesoro oneHKa, HO ~ L\Ber, ~ Ha3BaH~e Anl'l Hero np~AY Man~ aHrn~YaHe. B 1800-e roAbl 6blcrpo pacryll.\ee HaceneH~e Ben~K06p~raH~~ nonl06~no S'lpKo-opaH>KeBblill4eAAep. no3rOMY aMep~KaHCK~e nocraBLl.\~K~ cran~ nepeKpaw~sarb csoill npoAyKr HarypanbHoro Mono4Horo LIBera s opaH>KeBblill c noMOLl.\biO aHHano. B 1863 rOAY 6p~raHL\bl 3aKyn~n~ 22,6 rbiCS'l4~ rOHH L\BerHOrO Cblpa ~ Ha3Ban~ ero « aMep~KaHCK~ill» , 4rO Bbll'lCH~n cnel.l~an~cr no ~crop~~ eAbl non K~HAcreAr. 0AHaKo ~ s CWA MHO>K~n~cb n106~ren~ Cblpa. A L\Ber ero co speMeH nepsoill M~posoill soii!Hbl cran ell.\e 6onee HaCblll.\eHHbiM. TaKoill CbiP noA MapKoill American Cheese cran npo~3BO A~rb Ha OCHOBe 4eAAepa ,lJ,>KeiiiMC n. Kpacpr. Cblp BKnl04~n~ B COnAarCK~ill pal\~OH, ~ sepHyBW~eCI'l CcppoHra serepaHbl C03Aan~ coxpaH~BW~ii!CS'l ~ HbiHe cnpoc Ha 3ror s:lPK~ill npOAYKr. ,ll,>KOHHa P/1330
K3P~ BOfi~HCK ~
HOBOCTM
Ha qeM Hrparr IIeTp BeJIJ:IKJ:IH? CK~~ ~MnepaTOp
nepBbl~ pocc~~-
snaAen ~ BOnbiHKO~, ~ ro6oeM , ~ 60nbW~M KOnOKOnOM. B~pl)'03HO ~rpan Ha 6apa6aHe- He cny4a~Ho 6bln onpeAeneH s POlY 6apa6aHLl\~KOM. A BOT 0 TOM, 4TO 3TOT He TOnbKO sen~K~~. HO ~ orpOMHbl~ B np~MOM CMbiCne 4enoBeK ysneKanc~ ~rpo~ Ha OAHOM ~3 CaMbiX ManbiX ~HCTpyMeHTOB- sapraHe, n04T~ H~KTO He 3Haer. 1-1 H~4ero YA~B~TenbHOro s 3TOM ysne4eH~~ Her: s XVIII seKe sapraH 6bln ~3secreH s Espone He MeHbwe opraHa. OH 3By4an s cocrase soeHHbiX opKecrpos, Ha HeM ~rpan~ cepeHaAbl noA 6anKoHaM~ Kpacas~u. smo6neHHble IOHOW~, a ascrp~~CK~~ KOMn03~rop l-1oraHH leopr Anb6pexrc6eprep C04~H~n HeCKOnbKO C~M¢0H~4eCK~X KOHLJ,epTOB An~ ~cnonHeH~~ ~MeHHO Ha sapraHe. XoMyc - Apyroe Ha3saH~e rom >Ke ~HcrpyMeHra, np~H~roe y TIOPK0~3bi4HbiX HaPOAOB. A seem y sapraHa 1134 Ha3saH~~. HasepHoe, 6onbwe, 4eM y n106oro APYIOIO npeAMera s M~pe. 0AHO ~3 H~x- aHrn~~cKoejew 's harp- 6yKsanbHO nepeBOA~TC~ KaK «espe~CKa~ ap¢a », HO K espe~M ~ ap¢aM ~MeeT TaKOe >Ke OTHOWeH~e , KaK MOpCKa~ CB~HKa K MOPIO ~ napHOKOnbiTHbiM. H~KTO T04HO He 3HaeT, OTKYAa B3~nOCb 3TO Ha3BaH~e: Ha~6onee npaBAOnOA06HOe 06b~CHeH~e- OT ~CKa>KeHHOIO jaws harp (3y6Ha~ ap¢a), nOCKOnbKY ~rpaiOT Ha XOMyCe , np~nO>K~B 3TOT He6onbwo~ . o6bi4HO noxo>K~~ Ha y3KYIO nOAKOBKY c nOAB~>KHbiM ~3bi4KOM nocepeA~He npeAMeT K np~OTKPbiTbiM 3y6aM ~ ~cnonb3Y~ POTOBYIO nonOCTb s Ka4ecrse pe3oHaropa. Xor~ np~ ~rpe ~cnonH~renb Kacaerc~ TOHKOro ~3bi4Ka nanbLJ,eM, ~CT04H~KOM 3ByKa cny>K~T He nOAB~>KHa~ nnaCT~HKa, a B03AYWHble npocno~K~ Me>KAY KOpnycoM XOMyca ~ ~3bi4KOM. «Hap~AY C6y6HOM XOMYC ~Bn~eTC~ rnaBHbiM ~HCTpyMeHTOM KaMnaH~~ . ltlrpa~ Ha HeM, MO>KHO nerKO BO~T~ B TpaHC, nOCKOnbKY B~6paLJ,~~. OTAaBa~Cb B 4epene, 6yKBanbHO npOH~3biBaiOT M031, a MOHOTOHHble, HO CnO>KHble 3BYK~ 3a4apOBbiBaIOT cnywarene~» , - paccKa3biBaer ~nOHCK~~ MY3biKOBeA TaAarasa neo. 71KyrCK~e WaMaHbl yMeiOT Aa>Ke neTb ~ IOBOp~Tb CKB03b XOMyC. AH!Jpei1 oOLjMaHOB
46
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC • MAM 2012
K KOH~Y XIX 6eKa xoMyc nomecHU!lU ezo nomoMKU - zy6HaH u Mexo6aH zapMoHuKu, 6 CCCP oH non all noo 3anpem KaK ampu6ym utaMaHcm6a. Hbme ucKyccm6o K06KU xoMyca u uzpbt Ha HeM 6o3poJICoaemcH 6 JIKymuu.
A H A P E~ KAMEHEB; MY3E~ XOMYCA HAPOAOB M~PA, ~KYTCK
HHCJ)OPMAUHOHHbiH nPOEKT
AOPOrAMM ABATAPA 0AHO H3 caMbiX CHnbHbiX sne'iaTneHHM OT ci>HnbMa Amei.1Mca K3MepoHa «ABaTap»- cl>aHTaCTH'ieCKHe nei.1aamH nnaHeTbl naHAOpa. Bnpo'ieM, 'iT06bl YBHAeTb HX HnH TO, 'iTO BAOXHOBHnO pe>KHCCepa, He06H3aTenbHO neTeTb K AaneKHM MHpaM, npOTOTHn naHAOPbl pacnono>KeH no COCeACTBY C HaWeM CTpaHOM, Ha cesepo-aanaAe KHTaMCKOM npoBHH~HH XyHaHb. HecMOTPH Ha HeaeMHYIO KpacoTy 3THX MeCT, 3HaiOT o HHX AOBOnbHO orpaHH'ieHHOe 'iHCnO HHOCTpaH~eB, a e11.1e MeHbWe noce11.1anH 3TH MeCTa. 3aTO AnSI CaMHX KHTaM~eB 3TO KynbTOBOe MeCTO, H OHM no npasy C'iHTaiOT 3TOT CKanbHbiM paMOH CaMbiM KpaCHBbiM MeCTOM Ha nnaHeTe. no KHTaMCKOM nereHAe, HMeHHO cpeAH cKan YnHHIOaHH 6onee TbiCH'iH neT HaaaA 6en nponomeH caMbiM APeBHHM B MHpe TYPHCTH'ieCKHM MapwpyT. Mbl npa.tcoeAHHHnHCb K 3KcneAH~HH National Geographic H nonbiTanHCb AOHeCTH AO sac KpacoTy 3THX MeCT npH noMOil.IH ci>OTOKaMep Samsung. A B cneAYIOilleM HOMepe mypHana 'iHTai.1Te, 'iTO nony'iHnocb y npocl>eccHoHanbHbiX mypHanHCTOB.
HH(J)OPMAUHOHHbiH nPOEKT
CMA TKAMEPA: 50nbWE, 'IEM nPOCTO «DOTOAnnAPAT BnepBble B nyTeWeCTBMM HaWM CnMHbl He OTTSirMBaiOT p10K3aKM C KMnorpaMMaMM npo<J>eCCMOHanbHOM <J>OTOannapaTypbl. Mbl ompasMnMCb B KMTai.1 c 200 rpaMMaMM B KapMaHe. TaM - HOBeMWMM Samsung WB850F - He npOCTO <J>oToannapaT, a CMapTKaMepa, npM3BaHHaSI nepesepHyTb <J>OTOMMp, KaK CMapT<J>OHbl M3MeHMnM MMP M06MnbHOM CBSI3M. GPS-HaBMraTop, Wi-Fi, npesocxOAHaR OnTMKa Schneider c 21-KpaTHbiM 3YMOM M BCTpoeHHbiM <l>oTOBMAeopeAaKTopoM - 3Toro AOmKHO xsaTMTb, 'IT06bl noBeAaTb MMPY o HaweM nyTewecTBMM. Bcero 3a KaKf'lX-TO mnHaAL\aTb !leT Mbl CMOrfll-1 Ha6fl10A8Tb
REMOTE VIEWFINDER. CaMaH none3Haf! B
YAI-1BI-1TeflbHYIO TpaHc<)>opMaL\1-110 fli061-1TeflbCKO~ <)>oTorpa-
nyreweCTBV11-1 <jlyHKL\f1fl. no3BOmleT 1-!CnOflb·
<)>1-11-1. Ha cMeHy «XI-1MI-14ecKo~" 3pe np1-1wna Lll-l<!>posaH.
30B8Tb BaW CMapT<jlOH KaK nyflbT Af1CT8HL\f1-
Knaccl-14ecKI-1~ npol.lecc <)>oTOCbeMKa-npOHBKa nneHKI-1-
0HHOrO ynpaBJl8Hf1H
<)>oTone4aTb-<)>oroanb60M, npoAep>t<aBWI-1~CH6onee seKa, BbiTeCHf'lfla KOMnbiOTepHaf! L\en04Ka L\f'l<)>posa51
4T06bl nony41-1Tb
np~-1
6onee
Cb8MKe CO WT8Tf1Ba,
4eTKI-1e CHf-lMKI-1 .
<)>OTO-
CbeMKa-o6pa6oTKa Ha KOMnbiOTepe-xpaHeHf'le Ha >t<ecTKOM Af-lCKe. BpeMH >t<I-13HI-1 3TO~ TeXHOflOrl-11-1 OKa3aflOCb KYAa Kopoye -
scero AeCHTf'lfleTf'le. Hosoe noKofleHI-!e
npeAn041-1TaeT CHI-1MaTb Ha M061-1flbHble Tefle<j>OHbl 1-1 cpa3y BbiKflaAbiBaTb <)>oTorpa<)>l-11-1 s COL\f'laflbHble ceTI-1, a xpaHI-1Tb <)>oTorpa<)>l-11-1 He s anb60Max, a s o6na4HbiX cny>t<6ax. BceM XOpOWI-1 COBpeMeHHbiX CMapT<j>OHbl, HOy HI-IX eCTb OAf-lH HeAOCTaTOK- HeBbiCOKOe Ka4eCTBO CHI-1MKOB. ECfll-1 Bbl AOKyMeHTf'lpyeTe nOBCeAHeBHble C06biTI-1fl, TO 3TO HeBa>t<HO. Ho KaK 6b1Tb c HPKf-lMI-1 MOMeHTaMI-1 nyrewecTBI-1~, Ba>t<HbiMI-1 C06biTI-1HMI-1 B >t<I-13HI-1 - CBaAb6a, nepBble war~-1 pe6eHKa, WKOflbHbl~ BblnyCKHO~? 3TI-1 MrHOBeHI-151 y>t<e HI-1KOrAa He nOBTOpHTCH, WaHCOB nepeCHf!Tb f'lX B 6onee nOAXOAHL!.!eM Ka4eCTBe He 6yAeT. EL!.!e HeAaBHO nOAXOA51Ll!ero
Samsung WB850F
MHCI)OPMAI.lMOHHbiM nPOEKT
HoBble <jloToannapaTbl Sam sung npe,QnaraiOT anbTepHan1-
OTnPABKA B COL(CEH1. lnaBHaH Q>yHKL\~Sl CMapTKaMep. np5lMO ~3 Q>oroannapaTa MO»<HO ny6n~KOBaTb Ka.Qpbl B BKoHTaKTe, Facebook, Picasa, YouTube, Photobucket.
By. Smart B Ha3BaH~~ fl~HeeiK~ He npOCTO CflOBO. TOYHO TaK »<e, KaK
<jJOTOMOAYfl~ npeBpaT~fl~ M06~JlbHble
cMapT<jJOHbl,
Tene<jJOHbl B
A06aBneH~e KOMMYH~KaL\~OHHbiX
B03MO»<Ho-
CTeei npeBpar~no L\~<jlpOBble <jloToannapaTbl B CMapTKaMepbl. l.JTO »<e 3TO TaKoe? Ha Bon poe , Yero »<e He xBaTaeT BaweMy <jloToannapaTy,
E-MAIL. He BCe Ka,Qpbl MO»<HO BbiKJla,QbiBaTb B ,[\OCTyn. ,lJ,flS1 YaCTHO~ nepen~CK~ B03MO»<Ha npS1MaS1 ompaBKa Ha 3JleKTPOHHYIO noYry.
OTKpbiTbl~
nocne O»<~AaeMbiX Tpe6oBaH~Ci: pa3peweH~S1 , Teneo6beKT~Ba,
HpKoro A~cnnes:J ~ cTa6~n~3aL\~~. 92% onpoweHHbiX
Ha3Ban ~
Han~Y ~e
MOAYflH Wi-Fi, no3BOflS110Ll\ero, M~ HYH
KOMnbiOTep , .Qen~TbCS1 M~*.
BneYaTneH~HM~
co
CBO~M~
APY3bS1-
O,QHaKo A06aBneH~e Bcero OAHOCi <jlyHKL\~~ c~nbHO
npeo6pa3~no
BHeWHe
0Tfl~Y~S1
Ha KOJleCe
05nAKO. CaMbl~ MOAHbl~ ~ none3Hbl~ ceps~c. B 3TOM pe»<~Me CH~MK~ ~ B~.Qeo3an~c~ MO»<HO OTnpaBJl5lTb B 06JlaYHYIO Cfly»<6y.
caM <jloToannapaT. HOBbiX KaMep
nOYT~
He3aMeTHbl-
pe»<~MOB CbeMK~ nOS1B~JlaCb
HOBaS1
fl~Wb
n~KTOrpaM
Ma Wi-Fi. Bbl6paB ee, Mbl nona,QaeM B KOMMYH~KaL\~OHHoe MeHIO. Ecn~ Bbl HaXOA~Tecb B 30He .QeeicTB~S1 ceTeei Wi-Fi , TO BaM CTaHOBS1TCS1 napaTOB
,[\OCTynHbiM~
He06biYHble ,[\flS1 <jJOTOan-
»<eTOB B COL\~anbHble xpaH~fl~Ll\a ,
ceT~.
o6naYHble
cepB~Cbl,
30BaH~e TeJleB~30pOB
B KaYeCTBe
BaM He Ha,[\0 »<AaTb 3HaMeHaTeflbHOro
MOH~TOpOB
V1cnonb3Y~Te
TeneCTaHHa 6onb-
CH~MKOB
,[\flS1 npOCMO-
B~AO~CKaTeneei.
YT06bl
nposo,Qa!
,QapT DLNA, .QflS1 npocMoTpa w~x 3KpaHax.
ceTeBble
Tenepb
B03Bpall\eH~S1 ~3 nyreweCTB~S1 ~fl~
Meponp~S1T~S1 ,
,D,ono~
B~30Pbl ~ MOH~TOPbl, nO,Q,Qep»<~BaiOLl\~e
nepeCblflKa ~X no 3JleKTpOHHOCi nOYTe, ~CnOflb-
Tpa, a CMapT<jJOHOB - B KaYeCTBe
L\~S1M~
TV LINK.
<jlyHKL\~~: A06aBneH~e <jloTorpa<jJ~Ci ~ B~AeOCIO
no,Qefl~TbCS1
MOBILE LINK. V13BeCTHa5l Q>yHKL\~5l, KOTOpa5l paHbwe np~MeHHnacb .Qfl5l o6MeHa Q>a~naM~ Me»<.QY KOMnbiOTepOM ~ CMapT<j>OHOM. Tenepb ~ .Qfl5l Q>oToannapara.
CO
3MO-
co cBo~M~ APY3bS1M~ ~ 6n~3K~M~. Bee, YTO AflH 3TO-
ro HY»<HO, 3TO HOBaH CMapTKaMepa Samsung ~ ceTb Wi-Fi.
V13BeCTHblei pocc~CicK~Ci <jloTorpa<jJ AH.Qpeei KaMeHeB npoTeCT~poBan
HOBble KaMepbl. Ha Haweei BKfla,[\Ke MO»<HO
B~,[\eTb
pe3ynbTaT ero pa60Tbl , B TOM Y~cne ~ naHopaMbl , KOTOpble CH~MaiOTCH OAH~M AB~»<eH~eM pyK~.
-
HOBOCTM
qepHoe H 6erroe Byrpo6e}l{epe65lra scexrpexcospeMeHH~XBHAOB3e6pYepH~ , HnHWb
Ha n03AHHX 3Tanax pa3BHTH5l OHH noKpbiBaiOTC5l 6enbiMH nonocKaMH. An5l yero HY}I{Ha 3Ta nonocaTOCTb- BOn poe, Ha KOTOPbll';i AO CHX nop HeT OTBeTa . 0AHH 300nOIH CB5l3biBaiOT nonOCaTOCTb C 3aW,HTOI';i OT XHW,HHKOB: KOHTpaCTHa5l OKpacKa 3aTPYAH5leT pa3nHYeHHe }I{HBOTHbiX B 6onbWOM CTaAe, n03BOn5leT HM CnHBaTbC5l C cpOHOM CaBaHHbl. ,[\pyrHe HCCneAOBaTenH nonaraiOT, YTO HenOBTOpHMbll';i pHCYHOK nOMOraeT
3e6paM Y3HaBaTb APY' APY<a B cTaAe , a em KaYecrso H KOHTpaCTHOCTb - AeMOHCTpHpOBaTb 3AOPOBbe H npHCnOC06neHHOCTb OTAenbHOI';i OC06H. KpoMe TOIO, no-pa3HOMY orpa}l{a5l
con HeY Hoe renno, nonocbl
MO!yr nOMOiaTb TepMOperyn5li...\HH HnH 3aW,HW,aTb }I{HBOTHOe OT KpOBOCOCyW,HX HaCeKOMbiX: H3BeCTHO, YTO MYXH 1...\el...\e npeAnOYHTaiOT OAHOTOHHble nosepXHOCTH . HH OAHa IHnOTe3a nOKa AOCTOBepHO He nOATBep}I{AeHa , HO HeAaBHO rpynna yYeHbiX H3 BeHrpHH H WBei...\HH nocne BeCbMa TW,aTenbHbiX HCCneAOBaHHI';i BbiCrynHna B nOAAep}I{Ky nocneAHel';i sepCHH: no HX MHeHHIO, KOHTpaCTHble nonOCbl nOMOiaiOT 3e6paM cnacaTbC5l or cnenHel';i, Myx ceMel';icrsa
Tabanidae .
06biYHO cnenHH cneTaiOTC5l K MeCTaM BOAOn05l }I{HBOTHbiX. 3peHHe H noBeAeHHe 3THX HaCeKOMbiX ycTpOeHbl TaK, YTO HX OC06eHHO npHBneKaeT ropH30HTanbHO non5lpH30BaHHbll';i cser. CToHT HanoMHHTb, YTO COn HeY HOe H3nyYeHHe He non5lpH30BaHO, TO eCTb KOne6neTC5l B pa3HbiX nnOCKOCT5lX, nepneHAHKyn5lpHbiX HanpasneHHIO pacnpocrpaHeHH5l nyYa. LJaCTHYHO HnH nOnHOCTbiO nOn5lpH30BaTbC5l OH
www.curtistea .co
M0}1{8T, npeflOMn5lS1Cb l-1fll-1 OTpa}l{a5lCb OT pa3HbiX cpeA- Hanpl-1Mep, or WKYPbl }l{l-1BOTHoro. BoflHbl, KOfl86fliOW,l-18C5l B Cfly4a~HbiX HanpaBfl8Hl-15lX, nornoW,aiOTC5l 1-1 OTpa}l{aiOTC5l, OCTaiOTC5l fll-1Wb Te , 4TO KOJl86JliOTC5l s onpeAefleHHbiX nnocKOCT5lX. HaceKOMble non5lpl-13al.\l-110 csera pa3fll-14al0r: Hanpl-1Mep, l-13BecrHO , 4TO Aflfl rex }1{8 cnenHe~ MeHee npl-1BfleKaTeflbHbl 6eflbl8 flOWaAI-1 , CBeT OT WKYPbl KOTOPbiX OTpa}l{a8TC5l 6e3 non5lpl-13al.\l-11-1, a 6onee npl-1BfleKaTeflbHbl reMHble, non5lpl-13YIOW,l-1e ero. CneAY5l 3TO~ norl-1Ke, MO}I{HO npeAnOfl0}1{1-1Tb, 4TO 3e6pbl 6YAYT yMepeHHO npl-1BfleKaTeflbHbl Aflfl cnenHe~ . Y4eHble npeAflO}I{l-1fll-1 Ha Bbl6op cnenHe~ l.\8flbl~ P5lA MaKeros nowaAe~ l-1fll-1 npocro poBHbiX nosepxHocre~ . npOnl-1TaHHbiX npl-1Bfl8KaiOW,l-1M HaCeKOMbiX
MacnoM. nposep5lfll-1Cb caMble pa3Hble sap1-1aHTbl OKpaCKI-1 - l-1CKJ11041-1T8flbHO 6eflbl8, l-1CKfli041-1T8flbHO 48pHbl8, l-1CKJli041-1T8flbHO KOPI-14H8Bbl8 , 48PH0-68Jlbl8, cepo-6eflbl8 1-1 48pHO-KOpl-14H8Bb18, C pa3HO~ Wl-1pl-1HO~ 1-1 4acroro~ pacnoflO}I{eHI-151 nonoc. J],fl5l Ka}I{AOro
3apaHee 3aMep5lfll-1Cb creneHb 1-1 yron non5lpl-13al.\l-11-1 OTpa}I{8HHOro CBeTa , a 4T06bl ycTaHOBI-1Tb KOJll-148CTBO HaCeKOMbiX, KOTOPbiX npl-1Bfl8K Ka}I{Abl~ Bap!-1aHT, nosepXHOCTI-1 06Ma3b1Bafll-1 Kfl8~Kl-1M COCTaBOM 1-1 4epe3 onpeAefleHHoe speM5l npocro noAC41-1TbiBafll-1 41-1Cflo Hanl-1nWI-1 X cnenHe~ . YAI-1Bl-1TeflbHO , HO nonocaTble MYflfl}l{l-1 oKa3afll-1Cb Aflfl HaceKOMbiX ew,e MeHee npl-1BfleKaTeflbHbl, 4eM nonHOCTbiO 6eflble. Bl-1Al-1MO , 1-1x Ae~cTBI-1TeflbHO C61-1saer C TOilKY HenOCfl8AOBaT8flbHO nOil5lpl-130BaHHbl~ CB8T.
PoMaH tPI1wMaH CEP f E~ fOPWKOB
HOBOCTM
OQ.~eyKpenrrHro~aH
TaHIJ;3H
Bo scex HaceneHHbiX nyHKTax K~Tas:l
no yrpaM MO>t<HO Ha6n10AaTb TaKyiO KapT~Hy. B napKaX, pa36~sw~cb Ha rpynnbl- rAe no nflTb, rAe no AeCs:lTb YenoBeK, a Ten~
~HOrAa ~
6onbWe, AO
COTH~ ,
MeCTHble >+<~
BblnOnHs:liOT cna>t<eHHble AB~>t<eH~s:l, HeYTO cpeA-
Hee Me>t<AY 3aps:lAKO~ ~ CBS'lll.\eHHOAe~CTB~eM. 3TO 3aHs:lT~s:l Ta~I..\3~1..\IOaHb. Ha3BaH~e cTap~HHO~ K~Ta~cKo~
WKOnbl 6yKBanbHO
nepeBOA~TCs:l
KaK «KynaK
Ben~KOrO
npeAena». 0AHaKO CTO~Ty6paTb YaCTb cnosa «1..\IOaHb» («KynaK»), ~ 6oesoe ~CKYCCTBO npespall.\aeTCs:l B 03AOpOB~TenbHYIO r~MHaCT~KY- Ta~l..\3~, HeTeps:liOLl.\YIO, OAHaKo, CBS'l3~ c «nepso~CTOYH~KOM••. Ecn~ np~CMOT
peTbCs:l K AB~>t<eH~s:l M, KOTOpble 3anaAHOMY rna3y Ka>+<YTCs:l HeBbiHOC~MO MeAneHHbiM~ , CTaHOB~TCs:l nOHs:lTHO: ~AeT CXBaTKa C HeB~A~MbiM npOT~BH~KOM. MO>t<HO ~ TaK CKa3aTb, ecn~ « HeB~A~MbiM npOT~BH~KOM » CY~ TaTb
cTapeH~e
YenoseKa. ,LJ.eno s TOM, YTO 3T~ Ms:lrK~e s coYeTaH~~ c AB~>t<eH~s:l
nepeKaTbiBaiOLl.\~ecfl war~
pyK so scex nnocKOCTs:lX oKa3biBaiOT yH~KanbHoe B03Ae~CTB~e Ha opraH~3M, ysen~Y~Bas:l TOHYC MbiWL\, M~
yKpennfls:l AbiXaTenbHYIO
c~cTeMy,
ynyYwas:l KOOPA~Ha6bln nOHs:lTeH
1..1~10. 03AOPOB~TenbHbl~ 3<j:><j:>eKTTa~L\3~ ~
pyKOBOACTBY rocKOMcnopTa K~Ta~cKo~ HapOAHO~ KOTOpoe B 1950-X roAaX peKOMeHAOBano
Pecny6n~K~.
Ta~I..\3~1..\IOaHb
B KaYeCTBe MaCCOBO~ r~MHaCT~K~ . CKOnbKO s:l ~x noMHIO, 3aH~MaiOTCs:l no yrpaM , - paccKa3biBaeT o6naAaTenb ceAbMOro « Mo~ POA~Ten~ .
AYaHs:l ywy Ts:lHb E, KOTOPbl~ y>+<e AeCs:lTb neT npenoAaeT 6oeBble ~CKYCCTBa B MOCKBe.- B n106y10 noroAy, He nponycKas:l H~ AHS'l. 3aHs:lT~s:l He npeKpall.\aiOTCs:l Aa>+<e B HOBbl~ roA. 51 XOA~n Ha Ta~l..\3~ B napK B MOeM POAHOM ropoAe oaOI..\3~ - 3TO npos~HL\~s:l W3Hbc~ . caMbl~ 1..\eHTP K~ras:l- c nflT~ neT. KaK npas~no, 3aHs:lT~s:l B WeCTb yrpa, HO HeKOTOPble- ~ B ns:lTb, ~ Aa>t<e B YeTblpe, 3aKaHY~Bas:lCb C nepBbiM~ nyYaM~ conHL\a. B pa3HbiX YaCTs:lX napKa co6~pa10TCS'l nocneHaY~HaiOTCs:l
AOBaTen~
pa3HbiX ~CKYCCTB- Ta~l..\3~ , C~Hb~ , 6arya ...
KoHeYHO, MO>+<HO 3aH~MaTbCs:l ~ AOMa. Ho napK- 3TO ell.\e ~ CBe>t<~~ B03AYX, ~ eA~HeH~e C np~pOAO~, KOTO3aH5lH15l ra~h.\31'1 s l.(eHrpanbHOM napKe WaHxa5l. Cto,Qa npi-IXO,QI'IT MHOIO nmKI'Iflbi X flto,Qe~ . HO eCTb 1-1 ,QeTI-1 , 1-1 MOflO,Qe)t{b.
poe ~rpaeT sa>+<HYIO ponb s K~Ta~cKo~ <t:>~noco¢~~ ... KonneKT~BHble 3aHs:lT~s:l Ha np~poAe- OYeHb AaBHs:ls:l TpaA~L\~s:l. lpynnbl <j:>opM~PYIOTCs:l CT~X~~HO BOKpyr MacTepa, a 3aTeM roAaM~ 3aH~MaiOT nocTOs:lHHble MeCTa B napKe. np~COeA~H~TbCs:l MO>t<eT Ka>t<Abl~, Aa>+<e np~exas s K~Ta~ s KaYecTse ryp~cTa, - H~KTO He 6poc~T Kocoro B3rns:lAa. Ecn~ np~~T~ s napK seYepoM, MO>t<HO YB~AeTb, KaK Te >+<e niOA~ 3aH~MaiOTCs:l TaHL\aM~.
54
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC • MAM 2012
To>+<e see BMecTe.
AH/J,peii nanaMapYyK AHAP E ~ KAMEHEB
••
nP11HfiTO!
••
MAEM
illaxTepbl rrycKaiOT BOJIHY Bi-1pri-1HI-11-1 , B Po6!-1HCOH-PaH- o6wi-1pHOM y3neTOHHene~ , npownOM IOAY tj06binl-1 OKOnO
6
B
600
3anat]HO~
waxTepoB B
Ml-1nni-10HOB TOHH yrml. Ce~YaC B waXTe TeCTI-1-
pyiOT 6ecnpOBOAHYIO Ci-1CTeMy, KOTOpafl AOn>KHa o6ecneYI-1Tb CBfl3b C ropHfiKa-
KaK :no pa6oTaeT
1 ronocosoe, TeKcTosoe coo61.l1eHI1e 11n11 cl1rHan
SQS nOAXBaTbiBaeTCs:l
MI-1 BO BpeMfl yrnet]06biYI-1. TaK KaK patji-10BOnHbl He npOHI-1KaiOT nOt]3eMmO ,
MarHI1THbiM noneM.
WaXTepaM 06biYHO peKOMeHAYIOT B cnyYae 3aBana 6i-1Tb B CBOA tjepeBfiHHO~
2 MarHI1THble sonHbl
CBae~ , nocblnafl HaBepx ce~CMI-1YeCKI-1e Ci-1rHanbl. B CBOIO oyepet]b , cnacaTe-
npOXOAs:!T CKB03b ropHble nOPOAbl.
nl-1 I-13Bell.\aiOT 0 TOM , YTO CI-11Han npi-1HfiT, C nOMOLl.\biO B3pb1Ba Ha noBepXHOCTI-1. HoBbl~ cnoco6 CBfl31-11-1cnonb3yeT MarHI-1THoe none, t]nfl KOToporo cno1-1 rop-
HbiX nopot] nperpat]o~ He fiBnfiiOTCfl . lonoc 1-1n1-1 TeKcToBoe coo6Ll.\eHI-1e MO>KeT npOXOtji-1Tb Ha
450 1-1 6onee MeTpOB BHI-13 1-1n1-1
BBepx 1-1 Ha
600 MeTpOB B CTO-
3 npl1eMHI1K Ha nosepxHOCTI1 cpa6aTbiBaeT, KOrAa pacno3HaeT coo61.l1eHI1e.
pOHy MeHee YeM 3a MI-1Hyry. «He XOYeTCfl 1-1 AYMaTb 06 3TOM, HO Tenepb, ecnl-1 no KaKO~-TO npi-1YI-1He fl 3aCTpfiHY B waXTe , TO 6e3 CBfl31-1 He OCTaHyCb », -
,lJ,>KOHHa P1133o
roBopi-1T f11-1peKTop no TeXHI-1Ke 6e3onacHOCTI-1 TOAA Myp.
nonE3HOE 5ECnAM5lTCTBO Y sacs cnanbHe neperopena naMnOYKa. Bbl npi1XOA11Te TYAa 11 AYMaeTe: «3aYeM c paccefiHHOCTbiO.
•
re~6
s:1
3anacHas:~
ne)f{I1T Ha KyxHe.
CIOAa wen?» TaKas:~ peaK1..111fl, B03MO)f{HO, HI1KaK He CBs:l3aHa
PaABaHCK11, nCI1XOnor 113 YHI1BepCI1TeTa HoTp-,IJ,aM
(lt1nni1HO~C)
3aCTaBnfln yYaCT-
HI1KOB 3KCnepi1MeHTa nepeHOCI1Tb Bel.l111 no AOMy. «0HI1 3a6b1Banl1 0 npeAMeTaX, KaK TOnbKO 3aKpbiBanl1 3a
C060~
HI1~
ABepb, nOTOMY YTO CMeHa 06CTaHOBKI1 BbiHY)f{AaeT M03r OCB060A11TbCs:! OT CTapbiX BneYaTne-
11 COCpeAOTOYI1TbCs:l Ha HOBbiX»,- paCCKa3biBaeT OH. TaKas:! CTpaTerl1fl, BepOs:!THO, noMorana APeB-
HI1M niOAs:!M, CMeHI1BWI1M neca Ha
nons:~,
6biCTpO Opl1eHTI1pOBaTbCs:l Ha HOBOM MeCTe.
MapKC11JJBep
<I> OTO fPA<I>~~ : 3HH~ O ' H~n. P~CYHK~ : NGM ART (BBEPXY); on ~ BE P MY H A E ~
M.QEM HAUWOHATl HOCTb
rPA>K,llAH E P,PYI11X roCYAAPCTB
CCCP/ POCCH51
-· .._
2010
..
2000
CWA
.....
......
AHtoW3 AHcap11 (2006)nepBaH >t<eHUV1Ha - KOCMI1YeCKI1~ ryp11cr; rpa>t<AaHKa VlpaHa 11 CWA 3annar11na 3a 611ner B KOCMOC 20 Ml1n ni10HOB AOnnapOB .
..
...... ..
Banep11~ nonHKOB (1994)ycraHOBHn peKOPA npe6btBaHI1H B KOCMOCe B TeYeHI1e OAHoro nonera: 437 AHe~ . 17 YaCOB 11 58 MI1Hyr.
A>t<oH rneHH (1998) caMbt~ crapbt~ YenoseK B KOCMOCe; BO BpeMH nonera aMepHKaHCKOMY ceHaropy 6btno 77 neT.
.. 1.990
• ••
Toex11po AKHHMa (1990)HnOHCKI1~ Tene>t<ypHani1CT, CTaBWI1~ nepBbiM KOCMI1YeCKHM ryp11croM.
.. ..:··I. ....
.. ... . .. . ........... ......._..,.
• ••• ... • •• •• • I
. . :+:··
.. .
Cann11 Pa~A (1983)nepsaH >t<eHL.L111HaacrpoHaBT CWA.
. :: ·"[ c"'"'"' c"'""''
19
-
(1984) - nepsaH >t<eHL.L111Ha, BbiWeAWaH B OTKpbiTbl~ KOCMOC .
.. .
........ ...
1970
top11i1 rarapHH (1961)nepBbl ~ YenoseK B KOCMoce; ero noner
'"""'o.L
BaneHTHHa TepewKosa
(1963)- nepsaH >t<eHL.L111Ha B KOCMOCe.
:·
. ·····r··
• ••••••••• I
H11n ApMcrpoHr (1969)nepsbt~ YenoseK, crynHBWI1~ Ha nosepXHOCTb APYroro KOCMI1YeCKoro rena - Ha nyHy.
W3HHOH JlyC11A (1996)nepsa~ aMepi1KaHKa , }t{I16Wa~ Ha KOCMI1Y8CKO~ CTaHL\1111 («MI1p»).
CyHI1Ta Yl11111b~Mc ··· -
(2007)-
nocras11na peKOPA no npoA011mi1TenbHOCTI1 noneTa cpeA11 meHll\11H: 195 AHe~ .
• /{QCMI1Y8CI<I1U Ye!IHOI< «KO!IYM'- 611R» pa3pyWI1!1CR B MOMeHT
3aXOAa Ha nocaAI<Y, nor116J111 ace ceMb Y!leHoB 31<cneA1141111, B TOM YI1Cfle 11CCJ18jj088T8!1b KannaHa Yayna 11 spaY !1open Knap1< (2003). nerr11 YI1TCOH (2007)- ycraHOBI111a peKOPA npe6biBaHI1~ }t{8Hll\11Hbl B OTKpbiTOM KOCMOCe: 39 YaCOB 46 MI1HYT, COBepWI1B WeCTb BbiXOAOB B OTKpbiTbl~ KOCMOC.
.. .I.
..· .I·····. . ....
••
Ai11111H K0111111H3 (1995)nepsa~ meHll\11Ha- n1111oT KOCMI1Y8CKOrO KOpa611~; s 1999 roAY- nepsa~ }t{8Hll\11Ha - KOMaHA11P KOCMI1Y8CKOrO KOpa611~.
l ...........
...........,--e
................
I
TOYI<8MH OTM6Yettb!
KoCMI1YeCKI1ii YeflHOK «YenneH!lmep" B30pB8!1CR H8 73-ii CeKyHjje nocne era pTa, nom6na KOM8HIJ8 113 CeMI1 YeflOBeK, BK!110Y8R 11CCneAoaarenR tl>KYIJI1T Pe3HI1K 11 WKOflbHYIO YYI1renbHI14Y WapoH MaKon11qxp (1986).
AaTbl
nonero a a t<OCMOC. KonnHYecmo noneroa:
e
• OllHH
e >K6HIJ.111HB
MY>fi 'IHHB
KoMy IIOKOpHJICH KOCMOC? Ecm-1 6bl He ,lJ,yafiT 3C13eHxay3p, TO
MOp5lK~ ~ anbn~H~CTbl MOm~
6bl CTaTb B KOCMOC. HACA ~3Ha4anbHO nnaH~posano ~cKaTb acTpoHaBTOB cpeA~ npeACTaB~Teneei onacHbiX npocpecc~Ci. HO aMep~KaHCK~fi npe3~AeHT 3a5lB~fl: aCTpOHaBTaM~ 6YAYT JleT4~K~-~CnbiTaTefl~, a B 1959 roAy see OH~ 6blfl~ MY>K4~HaM~. 0AHaKo spa4, COCTaBfl5lBW~Ci TeCTOBble ~CnbiTaH~5l Aflfl 6YAY~~X acTpOHaBTOB, 3aAaflC5l sonpocoM: a KaK noseAYT ce65l Ha op6~Te >KeH~~Hbl? l-1cmp~K HACA 6~nn 6epp~ paccKa3biBaeT: "n~noT~pyeMaH Kancyna "MepKyp~H" 6blfla Hesen~ Ka, ~ Mbl noAyMafl~: He noMeCT~Tb fl~ B Hee fliOAefi noMeHbWe?». A >KeH~~ Hbl B cpeAHeM ~MeiOT MeHbWYIO Macey, MeHbWe noTpe6fl5liOT K~CflOPOAa. B Ha4ane 1960-x roAOB 13 >KeH~~H 4aCTHbiM o6pa30M npown~ TeCTbl, HO fl~Wb no4T~ ABa AeCHT~fleT~fl cnycTH HACA OA06p~na noneT nepBbiX >KeH~~H-aCTpOHaBTOB. no3AHee, B 2000-e, rOTOB~Tb K BbiXOAY Ha op6~TY Ha4afl~ KOCM~4eCK~X TYP~CTOB, Aa>Ke KflOyHa ~~ nan~6epTe, OCHOBaTefl5l Cirque du Solei/. CeC14ac, KOrAa Haw~ B30pbl ycTpeMneHbl K Mapcy, 3KcnepTbl Bbl5lCH5liOT, KaK YenoseK nepeHeceT Afl~TeflbHblei nepeneT: B03AeC1CTs~e paA~al..\~~. OCTeOnOp03, npe>KAeBpeMeHHOe CTapeH~e. BMI<TOPMR ,ll>K3rr3p1J. nepBbiM~ aMep~KaHL\aM~. noneTesw~M~
1963 TpexoHeBHbtu nonem BaneHmuHbt TepemKoBou cman nepBou Bexou B OCBOeHUU JICeH~UHWWU KOCMUtteCKOZO npocmpaHcmBa. B 3mou xpoHonozuu npeocmaBneHbt ee copamHU!{bt.
fPA<!>~KA:
llOYCO H n APKEP. NGM STAFF. P~CYHK~: MATbiO TYOM611~ . NGM STAFF OTAE/1 ~CTOP ~~ HACA. <!>OTOfPA<!>~R ~TAP·TACC /AP IMAGES
~CTOYH~K:
AeBCTBeHHO•IfMCTaR,
Mt.ipan 111BaH ¢e,D,Op081!1Y Kpy3eHWT9pH CHap5!,D,I'IJI ,D,Be
AHTaPKTHAa 6yAMT aoo6palKeHMe Aall(e lltOAeil
aKcneAI'IU.I'IIII - K CeeepHOMY 111 IOxHOMY non10cy, n p111-
3ar&AOifHaR,
A811eKaJI,
aeCbM8 nparM8TMifHblX. lieCKp&MHMe npoCTO-
YSM noCJJe,D,Helil OH YAS!IRll oco6oe BHI'IM8HI'Ie . B pe-
pbl CHera M llbA8 CIIOBHO HeTPOHYTbiM IIMCT, rAe
3YflbTare nnaaaHiilfl 6ennvtHcrayaeHa "' .lla3ape8a 8 80-
HaMAeTcil MecTo YAMBMTenbHOMY M ca»aHTaCTM•
.o.ax
lfeCKOMy,
0 cyw,eCTBOB8HIIIIil WSCTOro KOHTI!1H9HT8 - AHT8pKTiii,D,bl :
IO>KHOMY noniOCY npl'lcyw. M8rH8H13M, npl'l 3TOM
,D,fiHO~ 6apbep, B3MbiB810W,Iiliii K tOry ( «Jlb,D,IiiHHbiC1 MaTe-
He TOJlbKO ¢t.i31!1Y9CKOrO CBOiiiCTBa. AHT8pKTY1A8 npi!IT5!-
pli!K», no Bblpa>KeHiiltO 6enni'IHcray3eHa) .
IOxHoro oKeaHa 6b1Jla noweep;>KAeHa rnnore3a
28 S!HeapR 181 O-r o
rli1B89T 111 M8HI'IT cer O,D,HSI HS M9HbW9 , YSM
yYaCTHt.1Kiil aKcne,D,IiiU.Ii1lil YS1i1A911Iil
<PaAD,e~ ¢aAD,e9BWi 6biJI He A8119K OT VICTiiiHbl :
100 JIST H8-
ne-
85%
38,1J,, KOr,D,a 1!1CCJ19,D,OB8T9Jll!1 60p0111!1Cb 38 npaao CTaTb
nllOW,8,D,I'I AHT8pKTt.1,D,bl nOKpbiTO JlS,D,fiHbiM W,I'ITOM, KO-
nepBbiM YSJIOBSKOM, n06biB8BW9M B TOYKS CXO)I(ASHI'IR
TOpbllil, KCT8TI'I, COCT8BJ1R9T % 06b9M8 BCero COBpe -
MSP111AI!18Hoa .
8
HHaape
1912 ro,D,a aHrni!1Y8Hii1H
Po6epr
MSHHOrD OJ19,D,9H8HI!Ifl
n118H9Tbl . Cpe,D,HRfl TOJ1W,Ii1H8
2
TbiCRYiil MeTpOB, M8KCiiiMaJlbH8R
CKon npol'lrpan a aro~ 6opb6e acero M9CRU. H9Crl'16a-
38M9P3Wec/i BOJJ.bl -
eMOMY HOP89>KU.Y Poa!lbAY AMYHACeHy 111 norl!16, 803-
npeaOCXOAlllr
apaw,aRCb CKB03b 6eny10 nyCTbiHIO. 111CTOpi'IR OTKpbm1R
,D,OB8HI!IR HACA, H8XOA5!TCR ropHbre t..tenl'l, paaHI!IHbl, A0-
AHTapKTiii,D,bl BOCXOAIIIT K
18 19
4 TbiCfiYiil . noA H91i1, K8K nOK838Jllil I!ICCJI9-
111i1Hbl Iii o3epa .
rOAY, KOr ,D,a PYCCKI-1C1 8A-
HAV1EOnbWYIO WEHHOCTb V1MEET TOJ LITO HV1YEfO HE CTOV1T ·. ..
·I' L-
-
.\
. • .
I
.
'-
~1/f\
I ,
I ) I
.
v
I
.'
' ' ',/0
)
I
II
\ I I. . .,Jl-~ I r
•· I. I·I
1 I
1....
I
!
' ) •1
- fI
-
I
I ' -. .·, /.
'
v
II -
.
I
' i , ·' I
I rl
\!I
I •
- -
.
·-
D' I·
I
I
•
I \,.
.
I
•1
~
KJli0YVIT8JlbHYIO cypOBOCTb. 3A8Cb HaxOAli1TCR MVIPOBOiii
n eAHbiX 03ep, 1113 KOTOpbiX C8M08 3H8M9HVIT08 - BOCTOK,
nOJliOC XOJlOAa, rAe aaq>VIKC1.1pOBaHa KOC MI!1 '18CKaR l.(II1<P-
o6Hap~eHHOe pocclllliiCKI!1MIII nanfiPHI-1KaMIII .
pa - MVIHYC 88,3·C . Berpa COOTB9TCTBYIOL41119 : M8KCI-1-
AIIIHe <PespanSI
M8JlbHbiVl 3aperiiiCTpl-1pOBaHHbllii nOpblB -
248,4 KM/4 .
neTOM B nanHp Hbli/1 ASHb B l.(8HTpanbHbl8 paliiOHbl KOH-
B cepe-
2012 r oAa YA8JlOCb HaKoHel.( npo6ypVITbCR AO ero noaepxHOCTVI- Ha rny61-1Hy 3769,3 Mer pa. Kat< 3HaTb, KaKVIe crpaHHbte <PopMbl >Kii13Hiil yAacrcH o6Ha-
Tii1He HTa n o n aABST ~e 60JlbWe COJ1H8YHOiii P8Aii18-
P~ Tb TaM , rAe 38011101.11!1H TbiCH48JleTI!1fiMI.1 wna 8 a6-
l.I,VIll1, 48M Ha 3KBarope . np111 3TOM B03Ayx B AHTapKTli1A8
COJliOTHOiii 1!130Jlfll.(lil\11?! no CyYI-1, BCR AHTapKT1!1Aa- 3TO
H8BepOSlTHO YVICT VI n po3p848H. noAaBmtiOll(8fl 48CTb
9Aii!Hblii1 HayYH0-1!1CC118AOB8T8JlbCKIIIiii n0111!1rOH, ee Aa>K8
3H8Prl-1111 COJ1H1.18 0 pa>Kae Cfl OT CHerOB ll1 yxOAVIT 06-
H83biBatOT Marepi!IKOM HBYKiil , Mli1pa Iii Me)I(AyHapOAHO-
paTHO e arMocq>epy. Kn1-1Mar onpeAen11111 ceoeo6pa3111e
ro COTPYAH11148CTB8 . 0AHaKO B nOC118AHVI8 rDAbl CIOAS
MeCTHOiii q>nopbl Ill q>ayHbl : OHa He MO>KeT nOXB8CT8TbCH
see Yallle A06ll1patOTCfl rypli1CTbl , np1114eM 1-1Mefl aoaMO>K-
6oraTCTBOM, HO 38'18CTyiO 3H,D.,8Miii'IH8: TaKVIe BII1Abl H8
HOCTb pacnonaraTbCfl B yC110Bii1fiX, 0 KOTOPbiX AMYHACeH
scrpen1wb 6onbwe HlllrAe. HaceneHHee np04111X npii1-
"' CKOTT 111 MeYTaTb He Mornlil. 06t4ee Ylilcno nocerl-1-
MDPCKI!Ie 30Hbl, rAe MO>KHO H86JltOAaTb VIMnepar opCKVIX
r eneiil ace raK>Ke orpaHIII48HHO, VI 3TO paAyer, - waHc ,
nliiHfBVIHOB, TIOJleHei/1 Y3M8J1Jla, MOpCKI1X neonapAOB,
'ITO rpf!AYL4111e noKOJleHI-1SI CMOryT n pVIKOCHyYbCSI K A8B-
a T8K>K9 aHTapKTV1'18CKiiiX KpMelii . 0AH8KO OC06bllii VIH-
CTB9HHOMY B8Jllil'l\o110 «JlbA111HHOrO MarepVIKB».
3eneHe4 - HOBopoJ/COeHHblU oemeHblUl zpeHJlaHOCKOZO m10llemc. Ezo Mex UMeem cnezKa JelleHoBamo-J/CellmbtU ommeHoK. qepe3 HeCKOllbKO OHeu OH npeBpamumcJC B 6enoCHeJICHozo MexoBozo nynca.
TEKCT:AnEKCAHAPfPEK
<l>OTOfPA<l>J1J1: AHAPEM KAMEHEB
AMCHEM B11p;en ,n;eTeHhillle:H
CTBYIOT Hapy)I{Hhre YlllHhre paKOB11Hbi, a YlllHhre
rpeHJiaH,n;CK11X TIOJieHe:H, TO HaBepHRKa M11KK11
OTBepcnm 3aKpbiBaiOTCR no,n; Bo,n;o:H. HecMOTpR Ha
6biJI 6bi He MbilllOHKOM, a 6eJibKOM.
3TO, TIOJieH11, no MHeH1110 yqeHbiX, npeBOCXO,ll;HO
ECJU1 Ebl YOJIT
M11poBy10 cnaBy Yomy A11cHeiO np11Hecna pa3-
CJibilllaT - 11 B BOp;e, 11 Ha cyllle 11 nOM11MO 3peH1151
ra,n;Ka CeKpeTa qeJIOBeqeCKOH C11MnaT1111: HaM Hpa-
,!l;liR Op11eHTaiJ;1111 qaCTO 11CnOJib3YIOT 3XOJIOKaiJ;1110.
BRTCR cyru;eCTBa C 60Jiblll11M11 fOJIOBaM11 11 orpOM-
A BOT o6oHRH11e pa6oTaeT y «rpeHJiaH,n;u;eB»
HbiM11 rJia3aM11, 11MeHHO TaK11e nponopu;1111 11MeiOT
TOJibKO Ha B03p;yxe, 11 11MeHHO no 3anaxy CaMK11
qeJioBeqecK11e MaJibilll11 - 11 noJIO)K11TeJibHbie repo11
HaXO,ll;RT CB011X TIOJieHRT. (Aomoe BpeMR (q11Ta-
6onee Bcero TaKoMy o6pa3y
JIOCb, qTO TIOJieH11X11 pa3biCK11BaiOT MaJibillleH no
COOTBeTCTBYIOT p;eTeHbilll11 rpeHJiaHp;CK11X TIOJie-
ronocy - y)K 6oJihHO 6eJihK11 )KaJio6Ho Kp11qaT,
HeH, KOTOpbie K ,ll;BYM Hep;eJIRM ,ll;OCT11faiOT npRMO
Tor,n;a KaK B3pocJibie )K11BOTHbie MoJiqaJI11Bbi. Ho,
Kap11KaTypHbiX ¢opM: aKKypaTHbiH 6eJIOCHe)KHbiH
KaK noKa3aJI11 11CCJiep;oBaH1151, CaMKa cnelll11T He
MeXOBOM MellloqeK C )K11pOM 11 napoJ1 orpOMHbiX
Ha )KaJio6HbiH rmaq, a Ha 11H,ll;11B11,n;yaJibHbiH 3anax
qepHbiX ma3 . Bee, KTO 11x B11,n;en )K11BbeM, coma-
cBoero MaJibillla.) T10JieH11xy, 11,n;yw;y10 no cne,n;y
A11cHeR. B np11po,n;e )Ke
lllaiOTCR, qTo 3TO CaMbie C11MnaT11qHbie MaJibilll11
6eJihKa, pacno3HaTh nerKo - YTKHYB HOC B no-
Ha 3eMJie. 3a 11CKJIIOqeH11eM Balll11X C06CTBeHHbiX.
BepxHOCTb Jibp;a, OHa 11p;eT KOpOTK11M11 TOJiqKaM11, COBepllleHHO He pa60TaR KOHeqHOCTRM11. B ,n;pyr11x
HA JihAY Boo6w;e-To, noqT11 Bee TIOJieH11 3a6aB-
CJiyqaRX TIOJieHb nOJI3eT 6biCTpee, 113B11Ba51Cb 11 no-
Hbi 11 ¢oToreH11qHbi, HO JiaBpbi K11HO- 11 ¢oT03Be3p;
MOfaR ce6e nepe,n;H11M11 nanaM11-nacTaM11. Ha6paB
11MeHHO rpeHJiaH,ll;CK11M TIOJieHRM, 11JI11 JlbiCyHaM,
pa3fOH, OH CKOJib311T no npRMOH, KaK CaHK11.
np11Hecn11 11x «,n;eTCK11e cap;bi » , pacnoJio)KeHHbie Hep;aJieKO OT noceJieH11H JIIO,ll;eH: Ha np116pe)KHbiX
TIOJIEHb C
AP<l>OM
Cpe,n;11 3oonoroB He YT11XaiOT
CnOpbi 0 TOM, KaK Ha3biBaTb rpeHJiaHp;CK11X TIOJie-
Jibp;ax fpeHJiaHp;1111 11 Eenoro MOpR. T10neH11 OTJI11qaiOTCR OT CB011x 6JI113K11x po,n;-
HeH. B Pocc1111 oco6hrx npo6neM HeT, Halll11 yqeHhre
CTBeHH11KOB, K11T006pa3HbiX, TeM, qTo 11M Hy)KeH
He 11MeiOT H11KaK11X B03pa)KeH11H npOT11B o6w;e-
cy6CTpaT - 6eper 11JI11
ne,n;. YlllaCThre (Hanp11Mep,
np11HRTOfO
Phoca groenlandica,
TO ecTb «TIOJieHb
KOT11K11 11 C11Byq11) npOBO,ll;RT Ha HeM 6oJibllle Bpe-
rpeHJiaH,n;CK11H» . O,n;HaKo HeKoTophre 3apy6e)KHbie
MeH11, ycTpa11BaR Jie)K611ru;a, a o6biKHOBeHHbie TIO-
aBTOpbi 11CnOJib3YIOT, KaK 11M Ka)KeTCR, 6oJiee no-
Pagophilus groenlandicus,
JieH11 nocew;aiOT cy6cTpaT TOJibKO B nep11o,n; ,n;eTo-
3T11qecKOe Ha3BaH11e -
po)K,n;eH11R 11 JI11HbK11. Jle,n; - npeKpaCHbiH aHT11Cen-
fpeHJiaHp;CK11H Jiep;OJII06, naro¢11JI (TOT, KOTOpbiH
T11K: H113K11e TeMnepaTypbi He p;aiOT pa3B11BaTbCR
BbiBO,ll;11T ,n;eTeHhillle:H Ha Jih,n;y) . AHm11qaHe Ha3hi-
6aKTep11RM, 11 nocJiepO,ll;OBbiX 11H¢eKIJ;11H Ha Jlb,ll;Y
BaiOT rpeHJiaH,n;cKoro TIOJieHR
npaKT11qecK11 He 6hmaeT.
Harp Seal,
TIOJieHeM
C ap¢oJ1, 3a ,n;yroo6pa3HOe TeMHOe nRTHO Ha Cn11He, OT,ll;aJieHHO HanOM11HaiOru;ee ap¢y. Jl10p;11 C He
JIACTbl BMECTO HOf B npolllJIOM BeKe rpynny
CTOJib B03BbillleHHbiM BOo6pa)KeH11eM Ha3BaJI11
JiaCTOHOf11X Bbi,ll;eJIRJI11 B OT,ll;eJibHbiH OTpR,n;, o6'b-
rpeHJiaH,n;u;a
ep;11HRBlll11H MOp)KeH 11 TIOJieHeH. B COBpeMeHHOH
ce,n;JIOM».
Saddle-Backed Seal -
«TIOJieHb no,n;
KJiacc11¢11Kau;1111 JiaCTOHOf11e BXO,ll;RT B p;Ba Hap;-
Y nOMOpOB, nOKOJieH1151M11 OXOT11Blll11XCR Ha
ceMeHCTBa oTpR,n;a X11IIJ;HbiX. YlllaCTbie TIOJieH11
TIOJieHeH, ,ll;JIR «rpeHJiaHp;IJ;eB», KOHeqHO, TO)Ke Ha-
(Hanp11Mep, MOpCK11e KOT11K11 11 JlbBbi) 11 M0p)K11 OTHOCRTCR K O,ll;HOMY Hap;ceMeHCTBy, COCTORIIJ;eMy B OTp;aJieHHOM pO,ll;CTBe C Mep;Be)Kb11M11, a HaCTORIIJ;11e TIOJieH11 - K ,n;pyroMy,
6onee
CBR3aHHOMY C
KYHb11M11. Halll rpeHJiaH,n;CK11H TIOJieHb - caMbiH qTo H11 Ha eCTb HaCTORIIJ;11H. fpeHJiaH,ll;CK11e TIOJieH11 - O,ll;H11 113 CaMbiX 3a6aBHbiX 11 Heo6brqHbiX )K11BOTHbiX. Y H11X OTcyT-
68
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC • MAH 2012
OzpoMHbte 21za3a m10lleHeu KaJICymuc 1-tepHblMU U3-3a yHuKallbHou cnoco6Hocmu 3pa11Ka pacutupJCmbcJC, 11mo no3BOllJCem UM npeKpacHo BUOemb KaK noo BOOOU, maK u Ha cyute. K moMy J/Ce 2lla3a 6ellbKOB nocmoJCHHO Clle3JCmCJC, HO He om zpycmu- OHU HJJICOa10mCJC 8 nocmOJCHHOM JBllaJICHeHUU.
IIIJIMCb HY)I(Hbie cJioBa. TaK, B3pocJiaR caMKa rpeH-
3BEPCKJ.1M IIPOMbiCEJI
JiaHp;cKoro TIOJieHR 30BeTCR yTeJibfOM, B3pOCJibiM
CKoro TIOJieHR B HaiilJI1X BOp;ax COCTaBJIReT OKOJIO
CaMeu; - JibiCYHOM, HOBOpO)I(p;eHHbiM p;eTeHbllll -
MMJIJIMOHa OC06eJ1:, IIJIIOC Ka)l(p;biM rop; ITORBJIReTCR
3eJieHJJ;OM. qepe3 rrapy p;HeM 3eJieHeu; CTaHOBMTCR
3QQ TbiCJiq HOBOpO)I()J;eHHbiX. TaK KaK B rrepMO)J; Bbi-
OCJieiiMTeJibHO 6eJibiM M rrpeBparu;aeTCR B 6eJibKa. TIOJieHbe MOJIOKO cop;ep)I(MT OKOJIO
50
rrpou;eHTOB
)I(Mpa M RBJIReTCR HeBepORTHO IIMTaTeJibHbiM -
Ilorrymm;rMI rpeHJiaHp;-
Bep;eHMR IIOTOMCTBa TIOJieHM CKOHJJ;eHTpMpOBaHbl
Ha Jibp;y oqeHb KOMIIaKTHO, Ha HMX JiefKO OXOTMTbCR, TO B KaHap;e M PoccMM OHM BeKaMM 6biJIM rrpep;-
B B03paCTe p;Byx
MeTOM rrpoMhiCJia. TaKoH: rrpoMhiCeJI p;eH:cTBMTeJih -
Hep;eJib 6eJieK HaqMHaeT JIMHRTb, C Hero CXO)J;MT
HO IIOMOraJI Bbi)I(MBaTb KOpeHHOMY HaCeJieHMIO :
p;eTCKMM 6eJIOCHe)I(HbiM HapRp;, M TIOJieHeHOK CTa-
TIOJieHM o6ecrreqJ1BaJIM IIOMOpOB M 3CKMMOCOB
MaJihiiii paCTeT rrpRMO Ha ma3ax.
B
HOBMTCR XOXJiyiiieM. Eru;e qepe3 HeKOTOpoe BpeMR
IIIKypaMM, MRCOM M )I(MpOM.
p;eTeHbllll IIOKpbiBaeTCR map;KOM KOpOTKOM IIIepc-
qecTBe TIOJieHM M 6eJiyXM p;06biBaJIMCb, B qacT-
60JiblliOM KOJIM-
TblO 6e3 rrop;IIIepcTKa, rrpeBparu;aRCb B cepKy.
HOCTM, )J;JIR CHa6)1(eHMR IIOJIRpHbiX 3KCIIep;MJJ;MM . EEJibKH
69
)KMp CJIY)KMJI ITpeKpaCHbiM TOITJIMBOM, a MRCO BbiCOKOKallOpM:flHOM ep;OM He TOllbKO )J;JIR co6aK, HO M p;JIR mop;eil. AKTMBHO oxoTMJIMCb Ha TIOJieHeil BO BpeMR BTopoil MMpOBOM BOMHbi: p;erneBOe p;oCTYITHOe MRCO. Op;HaKo TIOJieHhe MRCO MO)I(HO ecTh TOJihKO ITO 60JibiliOM Hy)l(p;e - OHO HeBKYCHOe, IT03TOMY ITOCJie BOMHbl TIOJieHMM ITpOMbiCell ITOTepRli CMbiCll, HO He Mcqe3. ITpoCTo cTarr 6eccMhiCJieHHhiM M ITOTOMY qyp;OBMIIJ;HO )l(eCTOKMM. ,[(o6biBaTb B ITPOMhiWJieHHhiX MacrnTa6ax B3pOCllbiX TIOJieHeM HeB03MO)I(H0 - OHM pacceRHbl Ha orpoMHhiX ITpoCTpaHCTBax B CeBepHoM Jiep;oBMTOM oKeaHe. ITo3TOMY o6oeKTOM MaccoBoro y6MMCTBa, a ITO- p;pyroMy 3TO M He Ha30Beillb, )1;0 Hep;aBHMX ITOP 6hiJIM 6e33arn;MTHhie p;eTeHhiiliM, KOTOpbie HM y6e)l(aTh, HM YITllbiTb He MOryT. ,[(oKyMeHTallbHbie Kap;pbl MX 3a6oR MallO KTO MO)I(eT )J;OCMOTpeTb )1;0 KOHIJ;a: ITpOMbiCllOBMKM BbiCa)I(MBallMCb Ha llb)J;MHY M yp;apaMM 6arpoB y6MBallM 6e3-
3aiiJ;MTHbiX MallbiilieM. A6cypp;HOCTh 3Toro ITPOMhiCJia 3aKJIIOqarrach B TOM, qTO HM MRCO, HM MeX TIOJieHRT HM Ha qTO He rop;Hbi. B CCCP MRCO B rryqrneM crryqae yxop;Mrro Ha 3Bepo¢epMbl, a MeX - Ha ep;MHCTBeHHYIO ¢a6pMKY B Ka3axCTaHe, rp;e M3 Hero IliMJIM rnaiTKM, He ITOllb30BaBiliMeCR CITpOCOM. 3aqaCTJIO MeX M BOBCe rHMll Ha 6epery. Op;HaKo ITPOMbicerr coxpaHRJICR coBeTcKoe pyKoBop;cTBO cqMTarro, qTo 3TMM o6eciTeqMBaeT 3aHRTOCTb MeCTHOMY HaCeJieHMIO, XOTR KaKaR 3TO 3aHRTOCTb, eCJIM 6MJIM 6eJihKa TOllbKO TPM Hep;eJIM B rop;y?! C ITORBJieHMeM BepTOJieTOB ITpOMbiCell M BOBCe ITpeBpaTMllCR B cyrn;MM KOiliMap . ,[(eJIO B TOM, qTo Mex cepKM IJ;eHMTCR Bhirne, qeM 6errbKa. ITmToMy
BepTOJieTOB ITpMXO)J;MliOCb )J;OTMpOBaTb rocyp;ap-
6eJibKOB CTaJIM C06MpaTb B CeTKM M BepTOJieTaMM
CTBy, BHyTpeHHMM CITpOC Ha TIOJieHhM MeX M MRCO
«MM - 8» BbiB03MTb Ha 6eper B TaK Ha3hiBaeMhie
6hiJI HMqTo)l(eH . K TOMY )l(e B Harneil CTpaHe He
p;eTCKMe cap;bi, KOTOpbie 6orree ITpaBMllbHee 6biJIO
6biJIO MOIIJ;HOCTeM ITO ITepepa60TKe 3T0f0 CblpbR.
6bi Ha3biBaTb JiarepRMM CMepTM, qeM, C06CTBeHHO, OHM M RBJIRJIMCb .
C pa3BaJIOM CCCP qyp;oBMIIJ;HbiM ITPOMbiCerr, Ka3aJIOCb, KaHyll B JleTy - KOMMepqecKaR apeHp;a
TaK KaK 6errhKM B ITepMop; JIMHbKM He ep;RT, o6xo-
BepTorreTOB cp;errarra 6M3Hec Meray6hiTOqHhiM. Ho
p;RCb C06CTBeHHbiMM 3aiTaCaMM )I(Mpa, TO MX ITpO-
TYT Ha ropM30HTe ITORBMrrach ITeqaJihHO M3BeCTHaR
Rieber Skinn, MMpoBOMJIM-
CTO p;ep)l(aJIM B 3aroHax, ITocrre qero 3a6MBaJIM.
HopBe)I(CKaR KOMITaHMR
JliOp;M, BM)J;eBiliMe 3TM «p;eTCKMe cap;bl», OT KpMKOB
p;ep ITO ITOCTaBKe Mexa MOpCKOfO 3BepR.
6eJibKOB, ITOXO)I(MX Ha qeJIOBeqecKOe «Ma-a- a-Ma» ,
HopBe)I(IJ;bi ITOITbiTaJIMCh BHep;pMTh B ApxaH-
ep;Ba He cxop;MJIM c yMa. ITpoMbiCerr Marro Toro qTo
rerrbcKoil o6rracTM TexHorrorMIO p;o6biqM p;eTeHbi-
6hiJI )l(eCTOKMM, CTall ern;e M a6cypp;HbiM - ITOJieTbl
rneil TIOJieHeM C MCITOllb30BaHMeM MaJIOMepHbiX cy-
70
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC • MAH 2012
)J,peZ:ufiyJO~uu !leo - npeKpacHaH Ja~uma om xu~HUKDB . HeoocmamoK oouH -
HenocmoHHCmBo. !IeooBbte nooBUJICKU u CUllbHbte Bempa Mozym npeBpamumb opeucjJyJO~UU !leO B 6e3JICU3HeHHYIO JleOHHYIO KpDutKy.
p;oB, M
KoropaR rrpMMeHJIJiacb KOMrraHMe:H B KaHap;e -
e)l(erop;Ho yHoCMJia )KM3HM rropRp;Ka
275 TbicJiq
raKaJI oxora o6ecrreqMBaJia ce30HHbn1: 3apa6oroK B
50-90 TbiC. py6ne:H Bcero 60-100 rrpoMbiCJIOBM-
rpeHJiaHp;CKMx TIOJieHei1. HopBe)I(D;bi HaMepeHhi
KaM, 60JibiiiMHCTBO M3 KOTOpbiX 6biJIM ropop;CKM-
6biJIM rrocrpoMTb Ha ConoM6aJibCKoi1 cyp;oBep¢M
MM )KMTeJIRMM M
20 cyp;oB, a raK)I(e opraHM30BaTb B ApxaHreJibCKe
K rpa,n;MD;MOHHOMY MOpCKOMY rrpOMbiCJiy. ITpMqeM
rrepBMqHyiO Bbip;eJIKY IIIKypoK M p;a)l(e HaqaJIM rrpo-
c6biBaTb MeX HOpBe)I(D;bl C06MpaJIMCb TOJibKO B
He MMeJIM HMKaKOfO OTHOIIIeHMJI
BO,ll;MTb crreu;MaJibHbie CeMMHapbi ,ll;JIJI MeCTHbiX
PoccMM M
OXOTHMKOB . I1pM BbiXOp;e rrpoeKTa Ha IIOJIHYIO
rropr M3p;eJIMM M3 TIOJieHhero Mexa.
MOID;HOCTb p;06biqa cepOK ,ll;OJI)I(Ha 6hiJia B03paCTM c
30 TbicJiq p;o 100 TbicJiq oco6e:H 3a ce3oH. ITo ou;eHKe AHHbi <l>MJIMIIIIOBOM, 3Kcrrepra
KMrae - EBpocoi03 BBeJI 3arrper Ha MM-
ITocroRHHO opraHM3yeMhie 3KOJioraMM M «3eJieHbiMM» aKD;MM rrporMB 3a6oJI, Ka3aJiocb, oco6oro ycrrexa He MMeJIM. HoB ¢eBpane
2009 rop;a Bna-
Me)l(p;yHapop;Horo ¢oHp;a 3aiD;MTbi )I(MBOTHbiX
p;MMMP
IFAW, B03pO)I(,ll;eHHaJI rrpM rroMOID;M HOpBe)l(u;eB
Ha p;ereHbiiiiei1 TIOJieHJI Bcex B03pacTHbiX rpyrrrr.
ITyTMH IIO,ll;IIMCaJI yKa3 0 3arrpere OXOTbl
72
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC • MAJ/1: 2012
EeJleK cocem MOllOKO, zpoMKO nput-tMOKU8aH, co8ceM KaK t-teno8et-tecKuu Mallbtut. T10ne1-tuxa KopMum 6enbKa c nepepbt8aMu 8 HeCKOllbKO t-taco8, u Mallbtut npu6a8llHem 8 8ece oo mpex KunozpaMM08 8 oeHb.
liEJibKM
73
Marro Toro, rro crroBaM AHHhi cDvrrrvrrrrroBo:H, ce:H-
3y6bi VI qeJIIOCTH 6yJibTepbepa, KOfTH - KaK Jie3-
qac B p;erre 3a~HThi TIOJieHe:H Poccvr.H Brrepep;vr rrrra-
BH.ll y cDpep;p;vr Kp10repa, Bee - KaK y 6opu;a cyMo.
HeTbi Bce:H: y Hac 3arrpe~eHbi He TOJihKO p;o6biqa,
Mrrvr qTo-Hvr6yp;h OTKycvrT, HJIH oTpe)l(eT, HJIH Horvr
HO vr rrpop;a)l(a H3p;errvr:t1 H3 TIOJieHhHX IIIKYP·
rreperroMaeT. ITpaBp;a, cKopee Bcero, rrpocTo HbipHeT B rryHKy. B OTJivrqvre OT TOJICTeHhKoro 6errhKa,
MOP)I(J1-YEJ1MIJ;bl Koro e~e crrep;yeT orracaThC.H
KOTOpbiH HH y6e)l(aTh He MO)I(eT, HH yKycvrTh, HH
6eJihKaM, TaK 9TO MOp)l(eH, fOBOpHT rroqeTHbiH IIO-
rrou;aparraTh. 3aTo o6rap;vrTh c Hor p;o roJIOBhi - rrer-
ll.HpHHK Poccvrvr Orrer ITpop;aH- BOT y)l(e p;ec.HTh neT
KO, rro9TOMY 6paTh vrx Ha pyKvr oqeHh He peKoMeH-
OH B03HT TypvrcTOB Ha llh,lJ;HHhi. CqvrTaeTC.H, rrpaB-
p;yeTC.H. ITop;xop;vrTh )l(eJiaTeJihHO K p;eTeHhiiiiY 6e3
p;a, qTO MOp)I(H IIHTaiOTC.ll pbi60:tf VI 6eHTOCOM -
MaTepvr. BrrpoqeM, MaTh rrpvr BaiiieM rrpvr6JIH)I(eHHH
6eCII03BOHOqHbiMH, )I(HBY~HMH B rrpH,!l;OHHOM
Hblp.HeT B Bop;y, BHHMaTeJibHO Ha6JIIO,!l;a.H 3a BaMH H3
VIlle. B rrpOIIIllbie fO,!l;bl MOp)l( fOJIOBOH 6Hll B Jiep;
rryHKH. McKJIIOqeHvre cocTaBll.lliOT MOJIO,!l;bie, 3aMeT-
IIO,!l; 6eJibKOM, Bbi6HBa.H ero K KpaiO IIOllbiHbH, rp;e VI
HO CBeTJiee 6orree OIIbiTHbiX TIOJieHHX, MaMaiiiH -
XBaTaJI ero B Bop;e. Ce:tfqac ero TexHorrom.H ycoBep-
9TH HHKyp;a yxop;HTb He co6vrpaiOTC.ll VI fOTOBbl
IIIeHCTBOBarracb. Mop)l( Bhifll.H,!l;biBaeT H3 rroJibiHhH
6vrThC.H 3a cBoero rrepBeHu;a p;o rrocrrep;Hero. E~e
vr HaMeqaeT ce6e oqepep;HyiO )l(epTBy, rrocrre qero
9KOTypvrcTy CJiep;yeT 3HaTh, qTO HH B KOeM CJiyqae
BbiHblpHBaeT B HeCKOllbKHX CaHTHMeTpax OT Hee,
Hellb3.ll CTaHOBHTbC.ll Me)l(p;y 6eJibKOM VI yTeJibfOH -
rrpoJiaMbiBa.HJiep; fOJIOBOH, VI y6vrBaeT HecqacTHOfO
IIOTep.HB BH3yaJibHbiH KOHTaKT C MaJibiiiiOM, TIOJie-
6eJibKa op;HHM yp;apoM qyp;oBH~HhiX 6vrBHe:t1. ITo-
HHXa MO)I(eT CTpeMHTeJibHO pHHYTbC.ll B aTaKy.
TOM rrvr6o yTacKHBaeT MarreHbKoe 6e3p;biXaHHoe
BrrpoqeM, BcTyrraTb B KoH¢rrvrKT c MaMaiiiaMH vr
Terro rrop; Bop;y, rrvr6o rrvrpyeT rrp.HMO Ha llhp;y, Ha
He Tpe6yeTC.ll - Ha llbp;y IIOJIHO O,!l;HHOKHX 6eJibKOB,
ma3ax y HecqacTHhiX MaMaiii . A qepe3 rrorrqaca
qhvr MaTepvr YIIIJIH KopMHThC.H. Ha JIIOp;e:H MaJihiiiiH
CHOBa BbiXO,lJ;HT Ha OXOTy.
pearvrpyiOT IIO-pa3HOMy: HeKOTOpbie arpeCCHBHO T.llBKaiOT VI IIbiTaiOTC.ll HeyKJIIO)I(e y6paTbC.ll rrpoqh,
3KOTYPJ1CTbl
Robinson R44
ITapa Haiiivrx BepTorreToB
HeKOTOpbie II.llll.llTC.ll CBOHMH orpOMHbiMH rJia3aMH,
vrp;eaJihHO cap;HTC.H B u;eHTP 6erro-
IIO,!l;IIOJI3aiOT, HIOXaiOT VI He CKpbiBaiOT pagoqapoBa-
MopcKo:t1 llb,lJ;HHbl, Ha KOTOpo:tf ,!l;BYM.ll qacaMH
HH.ll: «He MaMa!». Ecrrvr map;HTh 6eJibKOB pyKo:H B
paHbiiie rrep;oBa.H pa3Bep;Ka o6Hapy)I(HJia 6orrb-
rrepqaTKe, OHH pap;OCTHO
IIIo:t1 «p;eTCKHH cap;», ~eHHYIO Jie)I(KY - He MeHee
BHTb rroqecaTh )I(HBOTHK. A BOT Ha rorryiO pyKy pe-
50
arvrpyiOT HeraTHBHO- HaBepHoe, B rrep;.HHOH ApK-
6errhKOB rrrr10c MaMaiiivr . Mbi - 9TO arrorro-
reThi CaMOfO MO,!l;HOfO BHp;a OT,lJ;biXa - 9KOTypH3Ma. EoJihiiiHHCTBY JIIOp;e:H Kyp;a rrpvr.HTHee
~yp.HTC.ll
VI MOryT IIO,!l;CTa-
THKe oHa Ka)l(eTc.H o6)1(vrraiO~e rop.Hqe:tf. YTBep)l(p;eHvre HeKoTophiX 9KorroroB, qTo, ecrrvr
CMOTpeTh Ha )I(VlBOTHbiX He qepe3 rrepeKpeCTbe
6eJihKa rromap;HTh, TIOJieHvrxa K HeMy He rrop;o:Hp;eT,
rrpvru;erroB, a qepe3 Bvrp;ovrcKaTerrvr ¢oToarrrrapa-
M.llfKO fOBOp.H, He COOTBeTCTByeT p;eHCTBHTellhHO-
TOB, VI BO BCeM MHpe 3a IIOCJiep;Hee p;eC.HTHJieTHe
CTH. Mbi caMH Bvrp;errvr, KaK K «HaiiieMy» 6errhKY H3
orpOMHOe KOJIHqecTBO 6biBIIIHX OXOTHHqbHX
BO,!l;bl BepHyJiaCb MaMaiiia, VI Mallbiiii C rrpvrqMOKHBa-
yrop;HH rrepeiiiJIO OT 06CJIY)I(HBaHH.ll OXOTHHKOB
HHeM rrpHH.llllC.ll 3a ee BbiCOKOKaJIOpHHHOe MOJIOKO.
K pa6oTe C ¢oTorpa¢aMH, KaK JII06HTeJI.HMH, TaK
KopOTKHH p;eHb IIO,!l;XO,!l;HT K KOHD;y, IIO,!l;HHMa-
vr rrpo¢eccvroHaJiaMvr. BoT vr Ha EerroM Mope y)l(e
eTC.ll MeTeJib. HaM rropa Ha 6eper, BepTOJieTbi y)l(e
TpeTHH rop; 6eJibKOB 6eCIIOKO.llT He MpaqHbie 3Be-
pacKpyTHJIH BHHTbl. B3p0Cllble TIOJieHH H~YT crra-
po6ovr C 6arpaMH, a BOCTOp)l(eHHhie p;eByiiiKH C
ceHH.ll OT Jiep;.HHOM BbiOfH B MOpe, a 6eJibKH CTa-
a:tf¢oHaMH VI COJIH,lJ;Hhie ,lJ;.ll,lJ;bKH C 3epKaJihHbiMH
paiOTC.ll 3a6HTbC.ll B ~eJIH TOpOCOB, COrpeBa.HCb
KaMepaMvr. BrrpoqeM , vrx HeMHoro - 9KoTypvr3M
MbiiiieqHbiM TpeMOpOM - )I(HpOBa.H rrpOCJIOHKa y
BO BCeM MHpe p;oporoe yp;oBOllbCTBHe. QqeHb.
HHX e~e Hep;ocTaToqHa.H. Ho vr Te vr p;pyrvre c xo-
Orrer ITpop;aH crrep;vrT, qTo6hi ero HHCTPYKU:HH
rrop;oM crrpaB.HTC.H. A JIIO,!l;H B EerroM Mope, crraBa
co6rriOp;arrvrcb HeyKOCHHTeJibHO. He IIbiTa:t1Tecb
6ory, rrepecTaJIH 6biTh rrpo6rreMo:t1 p;JIR TIOJieHe:H vr
IIO,!l;OHTH rro6JIH)I(e K B3pOCJIOMY TIOJieHIO : y Hero
vrx oqapoBaTeJibHbiX MaJibiiiie:H.
74
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC • MAH 2012
D
B noc!leOHee apeMH ucc!leooaame!lu ace 11-a~e Ha6moomom Ha ~eHHbtX !leJ/CKax zpeH!laHOCKUX m1DlleHeu MDpJ/Ceu, Komopbte oxomHmCH Ha 6e33a~umHbtX 6e!lbKOB. HeKomopbte CBH3btBa1Dm 3mO CZ!l06a!lbHblM nomen!leHUeM, HO caM MeXaHU3M CMeHbl pa4UOHa noKa He JlCeH.
EEJibKH
75
76
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC • MAJ/1: 2012
B nepBble mpu HeOellU J/CU3HU 6eJlbKa omHOUteHU.H ymellb2U co CBOUM oemeHbLUteM youBumellbHO mpozamellbHbte. OoHaKo ee Ja6oma He pacnpocmpaH.HemcH Ha coceoHux MallbLUteU - KaK 6bt OHU HU KpU11allU, 11JJ/C020 6eJlbKa OHa KOpMUmb He cmaHem.
<I>OTO nPE,llOCTABnEHO IFAW
TEKCT: ,l],}KOH nAHKACTEP <t>OTOIPA<t>V1V1: IEP,LJ, nfO,LJ,BV11
B HOBOlll CTOnvHJJ KA3AXCTAHA ACTAHE
5lBHo HeT
H8AOCT8TK8 B COBpeMeHHbiX apXII1T8KTypHbiX coopy>KeHII15lX, MHOrii1M 1113 KOTOpbiX >KII1Tenll1 ropoAa Aanll1 3a6aBHble npo3BII1W,a. 3To, Hanpll1Mep, «58H8H>> (5lpKO->KenTOe o<jmCHOe 3A8H1118}, «C8Mb 60LI8K» (KOMnneKC 6nii13KOCT05lW,II1X MHOrDKB8pTII1pHbiX AOMOB) 111n111 «38>KII1ranK8» (M111HII1CTepcTBO TpaHcnopTa 111 CB5l3111). Ho OAHO 1113 coopy>KeHII1111 AcTaHbl H8CTOnbKO He06biLIHO, LITO ropo>KaHe A8>Ke He np111AYM8nll1, K8K ero np03B8Tb. PeLib 111A8T 0 H8U,II10H8nbHOM MOHyMeHTe 5aii!TepeK (B nepeBOAe C K838XCKOrO «6aii!TepeK» 03H8LI88T «BbiCOKII1il1 TOnOnb»). Eai1:TepeK -
97- MeTpoBaR
6arnHR c Hapy)I(HbiM
BeTpaMM AKMony. Il03)1(e ropop; 6hm rrepeMMeHo-
CTaJihHbiM KapKaCOM 6eJIOf0 [\BeTa J1 C KpbiiiieM B
BaH B ACTaHy, qTo rro-Ka3axcKM3HaqJ1T «CTOJIMn;a»,
BMp;e II030JIOqeHHOM CTeKJIRHHOM c<!>epbi. Hap;II11Cb
11 3TO co6hiTMe OTMeqaeTCR Terreph Ka)l(p;biM rop;
y OCHOBaHJ15! MOHyMeHTa rJiaCJ1T, qTo 3TO Op11rJ1-
6 MIOJIR KaK ,Il,eHb AcTaHbi
HaJihHOe coopy)l(eHMe - OJIMn;eTBopeHMe p;peBHei1:
Brrap;aeT c p;HeM po)l(p;eHMR Ha3ap6aeBa).
Ka3axcKoi1: nereHp;hi: CBRin;eHHaR IITMn;a CaMpyK
(rrpa3p;HMK, K cJioBy, co-
B CTpoMTeJibCTBO HOBoi1 CTOJIMIJ;hi Ka3axcTaH,
Ka)l(,ll;hiM rop; OTKJiap;biBaeT 30JIOToe Ri1u;o - conHu;e -
6oraTbii1: He<!>ThiO 11 MJ1HepaJibHhiMJ1 pecypcaMM,
B KpoHe orpoMHoro p;peBa )I(J13HJ1. BM3yaJIJ1311po-
BJIO)I(MJI MMJIJIMapp;bi. Bep;YIIJ;Me apxMTeKTophi MMpa
BaTh rrpeKpacHyiO nereHp;y rrp11p;yMaJI rrpe3Mp;eHT
6hiJIJ1 rrpMrJiaiiieHhl ,ll;JI5! BOIIJIOIIJ;eHJ15! CBOJ1X CaMhiX
pecrry6JIMKJ1 HypcymaH Ha3ap6aeB, 6hiBIIIMi1 cTa-
CMeJibiX rrpoeKTOB Ha JieBOM 6epery peKJ1 J1IIIJ1M,
JieJIMTei1In;MK, B03rJiaBJ1BIIIJ1M CTpaHy B
1991
rop;y.
OT,D;eJIRIOin;eM HOBbiM ropop; OT CTaporo, IIOCTpOeH-
foBopRT, qTo rrJiaH «BhiCOKoro TorroJIR» Ha3ap6aeB
HOfO B OCHOBHOM B COBeTCKOe BpeMR J1 paCIIOJIO-
BIIepBbie Hap11COBaJI Ha 6yMa)I(HOM CaJI<!>eTKe.
)I(eHHOfO Ha rrpaBOM 6epery.
TaK )l(e, KaK 11 IleTp
I,
rroCTpo11BIIIMi1 CaHKT-
JleBo6epe)I(HaR AcTaHa paCTeT 11 pa3BJ1BaeTcR
1997 rop;a HaCe300 p;o 750 ThiCRq.
IleTep6ypr Ha HerrpMBeTJIMBhiX 6oJIOTax, Ha3ap6a-
C rropa311TeJihHOM CKOpOCThiO: C
eB Bhi6paJI HOBOM CTOJIMIJ;eM ropop;, paCIIOJIO)I(eH-
JieHMe ropop;a yBeJIJ1qJ1JIOCh c
HhiM B cypoBbiX rrp11pop;HhiX ycnoBMRX. IIpe3Mp;eHT
B rrpornJIOM MaJieHbKaR 11 HerrpMMeqaTeJibHaR
p;JIR
HOBOM, He3aBJ1CJ1MOM CTpaHbl, 6biJI HaCTpOeH pe-
rroJIMTJ1qecKoro MMpa, ACTaHa cTaJia Bl1311THOi1
IIIJ1TeJibHO. Ka3axcTaHcKoMy JIMp;epy 6biJIO HeBa)I(-
KapTOqKOM CTpaHhl, HaiJ;MOHaJihHbiM CJ1MBOJIOM J1
HO, qTO CTapaR CTOJIMIJ;a AJIMa-ATa- KOM<!>opTHbiM
OJIMIJ;eTBOpeHMeM Hap;e)l(p;.
ropop; C M5!fKJ1M KJIMMaTOM, KOTOpbiM MallO KTO,
MHor11e CTOJIMIJ;hi B03HMKaJIM TaK )l(e cTpeMM-
3a MCKJIIOqeHMeM caMoro rrpe3Mp;eHTa, xoTeJI rro-
TeJibHO J1 B TaKJ1X )l(e, Ka3aJIOCb 6bi, HeiiO,D;XO,D;5!In;J1X
1997 rop;y rrpaBMTeJibCTBO
ycJIOBJ15!X, HO CTaHOBJ1JIJ1Cb rrpon;BeTaiOI[\J1MJ1 3KO-
KMp;aTb. TeM He MeHee, B
o<PJ1D;J1aJibHO rrepeexaJIO Ha TbiCRqy KJ1JIOMeTpOB
HOMJ1qeCKJ1MJ1 11 KYJihTYPHhiMM u;eHTpaMM. Borrpoc
K CeBepy - B paCIIOJIO)I(eHHYIO B 6e3JieCHOM CTeiiJ1
TOJibKO B TOM, ,D;OCTaTOqHO JIM IIOTeHIJ;MaJia B AcTa-
Cpep;Hei1 A31111 xonop;HyiO, rrpop;yBaeMyiO BCeMM
He, qT06hi CTaTh O,D;HOM 113 TaKMX CTOJIJ1IJ;.
84
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC • MAM 2012
EpHap )KapKeiiioB, 24-JieTHrn1: :>KMTeJib ACTaHbi, He COMHeBaeTC.li B BeJIMKOM 6y,n;yru;eM CBOerO fOpo,n;a. 3TOT M3biCKaHHO op;eTbiM MOJIO,ll;OM qeJIOBeK o6e,n;aeT co MHOM B ,n;oporoM peCTopaHe cpe,n;Hea3MaTcKo:i1: KYXHM Ha 6yJihBape Hyp:>KoJI ( «~opora K CBeTy»). Ero CnJTHMD;a- npeKpacHa.li MOJIO,ll;a.ll :>KeHru;MHa no MMeHM MMIIIeJib, npMexaBIIIa.H B roCTM M3 CMHranypa, r,n;e EpHap He,n;aBHO 3aBepiiiMJI o6yqeHMe B JHMBepCHTeTe no Cneu;MaJibHOCTM «COIJ;MaJibHa.li nOJIMTMKa». EpHap, CbiH COBeTCKOfO napTMMHOfO pa60THMKa, npHHa,n;Jie:>KMT K 3THJ1qeCKOM rpynne Ka3aXOB, COCTaBJI.liiOIIJ;eM 6oJiee 60 npou;eHTOB 16- MMJIJIMOHHoro HaceJieHM.li cTpaHbi. IIpocJiaBJieHHbre KOHeBo,ll;bi, Ka3aXM Ha npOT.li:>KeHMM MHOfMX BeKOB BellM KoqeBOM o6pa3 :>KM3HM ,!1;0 TOM nOpbi, noKa MX o6IIIMpHbie M MaJI006MTaeMbie 3eMJIM, 3aHMMaiOru;Me TeppHTOpMIO, npH6JIM3MTeJibHO paBHYIO EBpone, He cTaJIM qacTbiO CoBeTcKoro Coi03a. KoHeqHo, B Ka3axcKo:i1: CCP MHoroe M3MeHMJIOCb, HO 6oJibIIIa.H qaCTb HaCeJieHM.li Tpap;MIJ;MOHHbie 3aH.liTM.li He ocTaBMJia. CeMb.li )KapKeiiiOBbiX ,n;ep:>KaJia CKOT B ,n;epeBHe, pacnoJio:>KeHHoti K 10ro-BOCTOKY oT AcTaHbi, r,n;e EpHap MaJibqMIIIKoti nac oBeu; BepxoM Ha KOHe M B36MBaJI KYMbiC B 6epe30BbiX KYBIIIMHax, nponMTaHHbiX apOMaTaMM CTenHbiX TpaB.
Eia~TepeK, B03Bb1Wa10W,~~C51 Ha,Q Ll,eHTpanbHbiM
npocneKTOM AcraHbl , cser~TC51 3eneHbiM Ha ¢oHe noKpbiToro o6naKaM~ Be4epHero He6a. 3a,QyMaHHbl~ KaK C~MBOn HOBO~ CTOn~LI,bl, 3TOT
97 -MeTpOBbl~ r~raHTCKOrO
MOHyMeHT 51Bn51eT C060~ 06pa3
,QepeBa, B KpOHe KOTOporo
HaXO,Q~T
C51 3onoroe 51~1..\0. CornacHo Ka3axcKo~ M~¢ono r~~. CB51W,eHHa51 m~1..1,a CaMpyK Ka>K.Qbl~ ro.Q
orKna.QbiBaerraKoe 51~1..\0 Ha sepxywKe ronon51.
qepe3 IIIeCTb JieT nocJie pacna,n;a CCCP EpHap CpO,ll;MTeJI.liMM M qeTblpbM.li 6paTb.liMM M CeCTpaMM nepeexaJI B HOBYIO CTOJIMu;y, r,n;e nepe,n; ceMbeti oTKpbiJIMCb HOBbie nepcneKTMBbi KanMTaJIMCTJ1qecKOro o6w;ecTBa: oTeu; CHaqana pa60TaJI B CTpaxoBoti KOMnaHMM, a no3:>Ke CTaJI BJia,n;eJihiJ;eM 6aHM. EpHap OKa3aJIC.li cnoco6HbiM pe6eHKOM M K 15 ro,n;aM OTJIJ1qHO 3HaJI eru;e p;Ba .li3biKa KpOMe Ka3aXCKOf0 pyccKMM, KOTOpbrti no-npe:>KHeMy npeo6na,n;aeT B ropo,n;ax Ka3axCTaHa, M aHrJIMMCKMti. lOHoiiie 6hma npe,n;oCTaBJieHa rocy,n;apcTBeHHa.H CTMneHp;M.H ,n;JI.H o6yqeHM.li B AHmMM, r,n;e oH nonyqMJI cTeneHb 6aKaJiaBpa, nocne qero npo,n;oJI:>KMJI o6yqeHMe B CMHranype. Kor,n;a EpHap BepHyJIC.li ,ll;OMOM, OH 6biJI BOCXMru;eH HOBOM CTOJIMD;eM M TeMM nepcneKTMBaMM, ACT AHA
85
~H
Cpep;11 Tex, KTO cKeiTTJ1qecKJ1 OTHec-
KOTOpbie OHa cymiT J1 eMy, J1 CTpaHe. EpHap cqJ1TaeT AcTaHy JIMIJ;OM cerop;-
cJI K Mp;ee ITepee3p;a B AcTaHy, 6bma 11
tliPtiKA
HJIIIlHero Ka3axcTaHa, p;oKa3aTeJibCTBOM HOBOfO ::naria B )I(J13HJ1 CTpaHbi. «3TO 3p;opoBo. MHe HpaBMTCJI oru;yru;aTh ce6JI BOBJieqeHHhiM B co3p;aHMe ropop;a 6yp;yru;ero, cTpaHhi 6yp;yru;erO», - fOBOp11T OH.
A:i1MaH Myccaxap;)l(aeBa, TaJiaHTJIMBaJI cKpMITaqKa, BbrpoclllaJI B AJIMa-ATe 11 ITOIIyqMBIIlaJI o6pa3oBaHMe B MocKBe. Cewqac AwMaH B03rJiaBJIJieT Hau;MoHaJihHhiH YHMBepcMTeT McKyccTB B ACTaHe. YHMBepcMTeT 6hm ITOCTpoeH
Bcero qepe3 HeCKOJibKO p;He:i1 ITOCJie Hallle:i1
ITO J1HJ1IJ;l1aTJ1Be ITpe311,IJ;eHTa. 3p;aHMe, ITp03BaHHOe
BCTpeqJ1 EpHap IToJiyqMJI )l(eJiaeMyiO p;OJI)I(HOCTh
B Hapop;e «Co6aqhew MMCKOH», ITpep;cTaBJIJieT co-
3KOHOMJ1CTa B ITpaBMTeJibCTBeHHOM yqpe)l(p;eHJ1J1,
6o:i1 RpK11M ITp11Mep 3K30TJ1qecKOM apX11TeKTYPbi -
ITp11MKHYB K TbiCJiqaM p;pyrMX MOJIO,IJ;biX JIIO,IJ;eM
Kpymoe, CJ1Hee 11 c BOrHYTOM KpbiiileM.
(cpep;HMM B03pacT )I(J1TeJie:i1 AcTaHbi Bcero 32 ro-
Cpep;11 ITp11qJ1H ITepeHoca CTOJIMIJ;bi Ha3ap6aeB
p;a), ,IJ;JIJI KOTOpbiX HOBaJI Ka3aXCTaHCKaJI CTOJIJ1IJ;a
Ha3BaJI paciTOJIO)I(eHMe AIIMa-AThi B 30He ce:i1cMJ1-
cTaJia ropop;oM c6biBII111XCJI Hap;e)l(p;.
qecKo:i1 aKTJ1BHOCTJ1 M6JIJ130CTb TJIHb-lllaHJI, orpa-
KaK 11 .>KapKellloB, 6oJibll111HCTBO ITp11e3)1(J1X 3THJ1qeCKJ1e Ka3aXJ1, B ITpOTJ1BOBeC 3THJ1qeCKJ1M
HJ1qJ1BaiOru;ero poeT ropop;a. Ho, pa3yMeeTCJI, maBHaJI ITp11qJ1Ha - reoiTOJIMTMKa. ComacHo paciTpo -
pyCCKJ1M, yKpa11HIJ;aM J1 ITpep;CTaBMTeJIJIM p;pyrMX
cTpaHeHHOMY MHeHJ1IO, ITpe3J1,IJ;eHT 6hiJI 03a6oqeH
HaD;J10HaJibHOCTeM, COCTaBJIJIIOIIJ;J1X HaCeJieHJ1e pec-
B03MO)I(HbiMJ1 Tepp11TOp11aJibHbiMJ1 ITpeTeH3J1JIMJ1
ITy6JIJ1KJ1. flpeo6Jiap;aHJ1e Ka3axoB B AcTaHe oTpa-
Pocc1111 Ha CeBepHbiM Ka3axcTaH, rp;e ITPO)I(J1BaeT
)l(aeT ITpep;IToqTeHMe ITpaBMTeJibCTBa ITPMHMMaTb Ha
3HaqJ1TeJibHaJI qacTb pyccKoroBopJiru;ero HaceJie-
pa6oTy JIIO,IJ;eM, fOBOpJIID;J1X ITO- Ka3aXCKJ1.
HMJI CTpaHbi. KaK 6hr TO HM 6hmo, Mallo KTO OTBa)I(MJICJI 6hr
OC060E BHlt1MAHlt1E K KA3AXCKOMY 513b1KY-
ITpOTJ1BOpeqJ1Tb Ha3ap6aeBy, KOTOpbiH OCTaeTCJI
3TO qacTh TeHp;eHIJ;MM, KOTOPYID MHOrMe Ha3hiBaiOT
ITOITYIIJipHbiM 6Jiarop;apJI oru;yTMMbiM pe3yJibTaTaM
Ka3axM¢MKau;Me:i1. CaMaJI RpKaJI p;eMoHcTpau;MJI
CBOeM pa60Tbi - CTa6J1JibHOCTJ1 J1 3KOHOMJ1qecKOMY
Ka3axM¢MKau;MM - AcTaHa, a maBHhr:w MHMIJ;Ma-
pocTy, - XOTJI ero ITpaBJ1TeJibCTBO qacTO o6BJ1HJIIOT
Top ITpou;ecca - Ha3ap6aeB. 3THJ1qecKMH Ka3ax,
B KoppyMIT11pOBaHHOCTJ1 J1 p;a)l(e Hapyii1eHJ1J1 ITpaB
HypcyJITaH Ha3ap6aeB pop;MJICJI 71 rop; Ha3ap; B
qeJioBeKa.
CeMbe ITaCTYXOB B IOfO-BOCTOqHOM qacTJ1 CTpaHbi,
~JIJI CTpOMTeJihCTBa ropop;a CBOH MeqThi Ha3ap-
Hep;aJieKo OT rpaHMIJ;hi c K11pr11311ew. Tpyp;JICh Ha
6aeB ITPMBJieK MHOCTpaHHhre KopiTopau;MM 11 p;a)l(e
MeTaJIIIyprMqeCKOM KOM611HaTe, OH CTaJI ITapT11H-
u;eJibie CTpaHbi, 3aJ1HTepecoBaHHbie B 3KOHOMJ1qe-
HbiM pa60THJ1KOM, ,ll;OCJIY)I(MJICJI ,!1;0 pyKOBO,ll;JIIIJ;ero
CKOM coTpyp;HMqecTBe c Ka3axcTaHOM. Cpep;11 HMX -
ITOCTa KO BpeMeHM paciTap;a CCCP. KaK y)l(e 6hiJIO
focyp;apcTBO KaTap, 3M11paT, pacrroJio)l(eHHbiM Ha
cKa3aHo, cTaB ITpe3Mp;eHTOM cTpaHbi, Ha3ap6aeB
ITo6epe)l(be flepc11p;cKoro 3aJIJ1Ba. KaTap ¢11HaH-
ITPMCTYITMJI K ITepeHocy CTOJIMIJ;bi 113 AliMa- AThr
C11pOBaJI CTp011TeJibCTBO MeqeTM, BMeru;aiOru;ew
B AKMOJiy, paciTOJIO)I(eHHYIO B ceBepHOM qacTJ1
7 ThiCJiq BepyiOru;Mx (McJiaM - ITpeo6Jiap;aiOru;aJI pe-
u;eHTpaiihHoro Ka3axcTaHa. MHor11e 6hiJIJ1 yp;MB -
JIMrMJI B Ka3axcTaHe) .
JieHbi TaKMM Bbr6opoM. OcHoBaHHaJI B 1830 rop;y
TeiTepb, Korp;a cTpOMTeJibCTBO u;eHTpa AcTaHbi
KaK ¢opiTOCT, B COBeTCKMe BpeMeHa AKMOJia Ha-
B u;eJIOM 6JIJ13J1TCJI K 3aBepii1eHJ1IO, y ITpe311,IJ;eHTa
3biBaJiaCb ~eJIMHorpap;oM. B 1950-x -1960- x ro-
ITOJIBMJiaCb HOBaJI M,IJ;eJI - OH p;aJI 3ap;aHMe apX11-
p;ax ropop; CTaJI u;eHTpOM ITO OCBOeHMIO, B paMKaX
TeKTOpaM 113yqJ1Tb B03MO)I(HOCTb C03,IJ;aHJ1JI eru;e
ITOJIMTMKM Xpyru;eBa, u;eJIMHHhrx 3eMeJih. Op;HaKo
op;Horo rMraHTCKoro coopy)l(eHMJI - lllaTpa, BHY-
K 1990-M ~eJIMHOrpap; CTaJI J13BeCTeH TeM, 0 qeM
TPM KOToporo 6yp;eT «KpbiTbiM ropop;» c KJIMMaT-
ITpe)l(p;e He yiToMMHaJiocb: TeMITepaTypa 3J1Mo:i1
KOHTpoiieM, BMeru;aiOIIJ;J1M ,!1;0 15 TbiCJiq qeJIOBeK.
oc, a JieToM Tyq11 KOMapoB 11 He-
.5-IpKoe ITpep;CTaBJieHMe o MaCII1Ta6ax aM611u;11:i1
MCTOBbiH BeTep, Bbi3biBaiOIIJ;J1H ITbiJibHbie 6yp11 Ha
Ha3ap6aeBa MO)I(HO ITOJiyqMTb, ITO,IJ;HJIBII111Cb Ha
paciTaXaHHbiX CeJibCKOX03JIHCTBeHHbiX 3eMJIJIX.
CMOTpOBYIO ITJIOru;ap;Ky naHTepeKa.
ITap;aeT p;o -51
86
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC • MAH 2012
.1',~;
:6~
ACTAHA B 1997 rDAY CTOni-H.\a Ka3axCTaHa 6b1na nepeHeceHa V13
~
•tt.
MecTOpo)I(J\eHHR
• He$1"11 11 raJa M8C'TOPOH<A8HHR
p Q
AnMa-ATbl B ACTaHy. npoeKT, B pe3ynbTaTe KOTOporo COBepweHHO npeo6pa3V1nCH ropoA, pacnono>KeHHbl~ Ha peKe V1WV1M B OTAaneHHOM pa~OHe CTpaHbl, <flV1HaHCV1pOBanCH 6narOAapH 6oraTbiM 3anacaM He<PTV1, ra3a V1 none3HbiX V1CKonaeMbiX. 50nbWV1HCTBO HOBbiX 3AaHV1~ HaXOAV1TCH Ha neBOM 6epery peKV1 B IO>KHO~ YaCTV1 IOPOAa.
C C Vf
~
xpoMa M&AI-1
C. 3onora
0
ypaHa
oo *AcraHa (,
KA3AXCTAH
K~TAI/1 60°a~
0
KO T
c
T
a
H
a
3,Q8HI1R nap118M81iT&, !iloH,D, H~OHaJibHOI"' OnafOCOC'TOIIHHI! CaNpyw;-Ka3btHI1
npe3H,D,8HTCKI-1K .Aeope~
Aeope4
MHpa H tapMOHI111
Hal4J>IoHanbHbiM y~rnsepc11nrr 1J 1J HCK}'CCTB nilMI!THHK HapOA}' l<aJaxcraH.a
/VKEPOM H. KYKCOH, NGM STAFF.
~CTOYH~K~: rEOno r~Y ECKA~
CnY)t{5A CWA,
3HEPrET~YECKA~ KOMnAH ~ ~
IHS ENERGY
ACTAHA
87
31\AH~~ nAPnAMEHTA (KPACHOE ~ C~HEE), <l>OHA HAU~OHAnbHOro &nAroCOCTO~H~~ CAMPYK-KA3biHA ( 3EnEHbl~ ). 5AWH~ 5A~TEPEK
n PE3~AEHTCK~~ ABOPEU
HOBYIO CTOJH1LIY Ka3aXCTaHa Heflb3Sl Ha3BaTb Henpi-1MeTHOH- no Mepe HacrynneHI-1Sl TeMHOTbl npaBI-1TeflbCTBeHHble 3j\aHI-1Sl OCBell.laiOTCSI pa3HbiMI-1 l.IBeTaMI-1, 1-1 ropOJ\ CflOBHO npeBpall.laeTCSI B napK pa3Bne'leHI-1H. npe31-1AeHTCKI-1H ABOPel.l CMOTPI-1TCSI KaK BI-1TI-1eBaTaSI KOni-1Sl Eienoro AOMa.
TOrPOBO-PA3BnEKATEnbHbl i1 UEHTP ·XAH WATbiP•
3AAH~E HE<I>TEA06biBAIOWEi1 KOM n AH~~ •KA3MY HAi1 rA3•
AHrm1HCKI-1H apxi-1TeKTop HopMaH <l>ocrep, npi-13HaHHbiH M3Tp,- OAI-1H 1-13 I-1HocrpaHI..IeB, y'laCTBYIOlJ.II-1X B <PopMI-iposaHI-11-1 o6111-1Ka AcTaHbl. Ha caMoM sepxy <PocreposcKoro roprosoro 4eHrpa- <1>1-1onerosoro «XaH-WaTblpa»- HaXOAfiTCfl KPbiTbiH nec'laHbiH nllfi>K 1-1 6acceHH C 1-iCKyCCTBeHHbiMI-1 BOJIHaMI-1.
Pa3yMeercs:~, rnasHas:~ np~t~LJ~t~Ha
nepeHoca
cron~t~U,bl
Ka3axcraHa B
AcraHy-
reonon~t~T~t~Ka,
TO eCTb B03MO>KHble repp~t~rop~t~anbHble
npeTeH31-11-1 POCCI-11-1 Ha CesepHbl~
Ka3axcraH.
TaM, Ha caMoM Bepxy, Ha MaJiaXMTOBOM rrbep;ecTaJie ycTaHOBJieHa ,D;BYXKMJiorpaMMOBa.R IIJIMTa J13 30JIOTa c oTrreqaTKOM rrpaBoif pyKM rrpe3M,D;eHTa. ACTaHa - 3TO He TOJibKO mo6aJibHbiH rrpoeKT CMJibHoro JIM,n;epa, ropo,n;, r,n;e 6oraTbre )KMBYT M BeCemiTCJI. 3TO TaK)Ke MarHMT, rrpMTJifMBaiO~MH K ce6e TaKMX, KaK EpHap )l{apKeiiiOB, M TaKMX, KaK 25-JieTHMH ,IJ;apxaH ,IJ;occaHOB, KOTOpbiH IIO,D;OIIIeJI KO MHe BeqepoM Ha
ynMQe,
qTo6br rrorrpaKTMKO-
BaTbCJI B aHrJIMHCKOM.
5I
rrpMmacMJI ero rroy)KMHaTb, M oH c'beJI Bee
TaK 6biCTpO, qTo 5I HeBOJibHO IIO,D;yMaJI: rrapeHb p;aBHO He
en ,n;ochrTa. ,UapxaH paccKa3aJI, qTo rrpMp;HeM Ha3ap;, rrpop;aB CBOIO
exaJI B ACTaHY IIIeCTb
QM<l>poByiO KaMepy, qTo6br KYIIMTb 6MJieT Ha rroe3,n; M3 pO,D;HOfO IIOCeJIKa, KOTOpbiH HaXO,D;MTCJI B 800 KMJIOMeTpax K BOCTOKY OT CTOJIMQbi. ,IJ;apxaH yCTpoMJICJI Ha pa6oTy rroMo~HMKOM o<PMQMaHTa B MTaJibJIHCKOM pecTopaHe, a HOqbiO CIIaJI B IIO,D;co6Ke Ha cp;BMHYTbrx CTYJibJIX, rroKa He CHJIJI yron B TeCHOH TpexKOMHaTHOH KBapTMpe, rp;e )KMBeT e~e p;eCJITb qeJIOBeK. «ACTaHa - MeCTO, rp;e 5I CMOry BOIIJIOTMTb CBOM MeqTbi B )KJ13Hb, - yBepeH MOJIO,D;OH qeJIOBeK. -
5I 3HaiO, qTo CO BpeMeHeM CTaHy oqeHb 6oraTbiM». O,n;Ha)Kp;br BeqepoM 5I rrpMcyTCTBOBaJI Ha BCTpeqe AccoQMaQMM BbmycKHMKOB AcTaHbi - o6~e CTBa MOJIO,D;biX rrpo<PeccMoHaJioB. AM6MQM03HaJI
BrrpoqeM, He Bee TaK nyqe3apHo, M 6y,n;y~ee
MOJIO,D;e)Kb C BOCXM~eHMeM CJIYIIIaJia BbiCTyrrJieHMe
AcTaHbi - 3TO rraJIKa o ,n;Byx KOHQax. HecMOTpR Ha
rrpMmaiiieHHoro p;oKJiap;qMKa, 38-JieTHero Atlp;br-
BeJIMKOJieiiMe M IlbiiiiHOCTb 3T0f0 ropop;a, y MeHJI O~y~eHMe
Ha PaxMM6aeBa, KOTOpbrtl paccKa3hiBaJI o CBOeM
HeBOJibHO IIOJIBJIJIJIOCb
CTpeMMTeJibHOM B3JieTe OT BJiap;eJibQa He60JiblliOf0
3paqHOf0 M BpeMeHHOrO: 5I HaXO,D;MJI IIO,D;TBep)K,D;e-
qerO-TO rrpM-
rrpep;rrpM51TJ151 ITO TOprOBJie ymeM ,D;O rJiaBbi O,D;HOH
HMe 3TOH rrpM3paqHOCTM Ka)K,D;biH pa3, Korp;a IIIeJI
J13 KpyrrHeHIIIMX CTpOMTeJibHbiX KOMIIaHMH CTpaHbi.
,D;O)K,ll;b M c rroTOJIKa ToproBoif ranepeM, pacrrono-
«CBOM rrepBbiH MMJIJIMOH ,D;OJIJiapOB 51 3apa6oTaJI B
)KeHHOH Ha rrepBOM 3Ta)Ke TOJibKO qTO BbiCTpOeH-
29 JieT, a B 32- CBOM rrepBbie p;eCJITb MMJIJIMOHOB»,-
HOfO BbiCOTHOfO MHOfOKBapTMpHOfO ,D;OMa, rp;e 5I
paCCKa3aJI Aifp;biH BOCXM~eHHbiM cnyiiiaTeJIJIM.
He,D;OJifO CHMMaJI KBapTMpy, JIMJiaCb BO,D;a.
92 NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC • MAM 2012
B Op;Hy M3 cy66or R 6biJI rrpMmarneH Ha IIMKHMK, opraHM30BaHHbiM MeCTHbiM KJiy6oM Toastmasters International. Ko MHe rrop;orneJI MOJiop;oM: 6aHKMp, rroJiyqMBiliMM o6pa30BaHMe B CiliA, Mbi 3aroBopMJIM o roM, KaK M3MeHMJiaCh, rroxoporneJia AcraHa. «3TO MeCTO KaK COH, - CKa3aJI OH. - 0HO ce6R He orrpaBp;biBaer, M HeM3BecrHo, qro 6yp;er p;aJibrne. Ho ceJ1:qac y Hac croJibKO pecypcoB, qro Mbi MO)KeM II03BOJIMTb ce6e p;eJiaTb myrrocrM». ,IJ;pyrMe co6paBrnMecR, BrrpoqeM, He pa3p;eJIRJIM ero cKerr-
TMIJ;M3Ma. Korp;a )l{aHHa KyHarneBa, Korop<UI pa6oraer B MeCTHOM oqmce HeqmiHOM KOMIIaHMM Shell, rrpep;JIO)KMJia rrop;HRTb PYKM reM, KTO mo6Mr CBOIO pa6ory, 3TO cp;eJiaJIM rroqrM Bee. qepe3 HeCKOJibKO qaCOB IIMKHMK 3aKOHqJ1JICR, rroroMy qro HeKoropbiM yqacrHMKaM Hap;o 6hiJIO M,!I;TM Ha 3aHRTMR JiaTMHOaMepMKaHCKMMM TaHu;aMM. CoJIHu;e y)Ke cap;MJIOCb, HO ropM30HT HOBOM croJIMIJ;bi, raK )Ke KaK 3TOT Beqep, o6ern;aJI qro-ro RpKoe M BOJIHyiDrn;ee. D
96
P~CYHOK:
50HA
K~M (CnPABA)
Hzpa Ha nmul{ax Ha qTO TOJibKO He IIOH,JJ;YT HeKOTOpbie pap;M OCHOBHOfO MHCTMHKTa!
B p;e6pRx IO)KHOH AMepMKM 3BOJIIO~MJI
co3p;aJia M3 KporneqHhiX IITMqeK MY3hiKaJihHhie MHCTpyMeHTbi. 3ByKM, IIOXO)I(Me Ha MeJIO,JJ;MIO CKpMIIKM, MHTpMryiOT CaMOK, a BOT CaM~aM pap;M C03,JJ;aHMJI 3TOH MY3hiKM rrpMxop;MTCJI 6e3ocTaHoBoqHo «TaH~eBaTh». CeKpeT p;e:H:cTBa He p;aJICJI caMoMy qapJI3Y ,Il;apBMHYa cerop;HJI ero pacKpbiJia MOJiop;o:H: opHMTOJior KMM EocTBMK.
Kozoa KpaCHowanottHbtu KopollbKOBbtu MaHaKUH (Machaeropterus deliciosus) nooHuMaem Kpbtllbfl, Jayttum MY3b1Ka.
TEKCT:
)J,aH Konnellb <DOTOfPA<DI1I1:
TuM liaMaH
BJ1,1J;ETh BhiCTYIIJIEHJ1E MAHAKJ1HA3HaqMT CTaTh CBMp;eTeJieM 3axBaThiBaiOw;ero KoHu;epTa c rrecmiMM M
rrJIRCKaMM. IIpMMepHo rroJIOBMHa M3 40 M3BeCTHbiX HayKe BM,D;OB
:'JTOM TpOrrMqeCKOM IITMIJ;bl MrpaeT Ha C06CTBeHHOM TeJie, KaK Ha CKpMIIKe, ,D;JI5! «MY3MD;HpOBaHM5!» MCIIOJib3Y5! pa3H006pa3Hble p;BM)KeHMR.
B pa3rap 6paqHoro rrepMop;a B apceHaJie caMu;oB -
«6pOCOK», «IIOBOpOT Ha 180 rpap;ycoB», «CTOMKa», «CKOJib)l(eHMe Ha3ap;» (Toqh-B-Toqh «JIYHHaR p;opo)I(Ka» Mai1KJia ~)l(eKcoHa).
B cBoeM. KHMre «I1pm1CXO)I(,D;emte qeJioBeKa», orry6JIMKOBaHHOM B 1871 rop;y, qapJI3 ~apBMH p;aJI CJiep;yiOru;ee OIIMCaHMe
MaHaKMHa: «Pa3H006pa3Me 3BYKOB ... a TaK:>Ke pa3H006pa3Me cpep;CTB, rrpM IIOMOIIJ;M KOTOpbiX
IITM~a
M3p;aeT 3TH 3BYKM, CO-
BeprueHHO Heo6biKHOBeHHbi». O,n;HaKo pacKpbiTb maBHbiM ceKpeT 3TOM «He06biKHOBeHHOCTM» )"'eHhie CMOrJIM liMillb qepe3 CTO C liMillHMM JieT. J13 He60Jibill0f0 qJICJia OpHMTOJIOfOB, M3)"'aiOIIJ;MX 06MTaiOrn;ero B KonyM6MM M 9KBa,n;ope KpacHornarroqHoro KopoJibKOBoro MaHaKMHa, rro:>Kanyif:, TOJihKO KMM EocTBMK «HacTpoeHa Ha O,ll;MH Jiap;» C 3TMMM IITM~aMM. J1MeHHO OHa, 6y,n;)"'M crrepBa acrrMpaHTKOM MeJibCKoro YHMBepcMTeTa, a 3aTeM, c
2002 ro,n;a,
Ha cmaHL{UU no u3y'1eHU10 6uopa3Hoo6pa3UH TunymuHu opHumo!loz KuM EocmauK c!lyutaem u Ha6!l100aem, oJKuOaH noHB!leHUH necmpozo Kopo!lbKoaozo MaHaKuHa. Clleaa: KpacHoutano'1Hbtii Kopo!lbKOBbtU MaHaKUH U3 0pHUmO!l02U'1eCK020 JanoaeOHuKa Mu!lne, U30aaaH c noMOL«b10 Kpbt!lbe8 Heo6bt'1Hbte 3BYKU, mo!lbKO 11mo cyMe!l npua!le'1b BHUMaHue caMKU - u menepb HaOeemcH Ha yoa'1Hbtii ucxoo Oe!la. MAHAKJ1Hbl
99
KypaTopoM oTp;ena ITTMI.J; M MJieKOITMTaiOrn;Mx My3eJI IT03BOHoqHbiX )KMBOTHbiX KopHeJibCKoro YHMBepcMTeTa, cMoma pa3rap;aTb 3arap;Ky caMu;oB KpacHoiiiaiToqHoro KopoiibKOBoro MaHaKMHa - caMoro Bbrp;aiOrn;erocJI ITpep;CTaBMTeJIJI ceMe:i1:cTBa MaHaKMHOB. cho ep;MHCTBeHHbiM BM,IJ;, KOTOpbiM B Ha,IJ;e)Kp;e oqapOBaTb CaMKY MCITOJib3yeT KpbllibJI ,IJ;JIJI BOCITpOM3Bep;eHMJI TaKMX 3BYKOB, KaK «TIOK-TIOK» M «,!1;3MHb». YqeHhiM 6hmo M3BeCTHO, qTo M3p;aiOT 3TM 3BYKM KpbiJibJI, HO OHM He 3HaJIM, KaK MMeHHO.
q T06bi HaMTM OTBeT, EOCTBMK
CHJIJia ,IJ;BM)KeHMJI ITTMI.J;bl Ha BM,IJ;eoKaMepy CO CKOpOCTbiO TbicJiqa Kap;poB B ceKyHp;y, qTo
6onee qeM B 30 pa3 6brcTpee
CKOpOCTM ITpM 06brqHOM BM,IJ;e03aiTMCM. IlpOCMaTpMBaJI 3TM Kap;pbr, KMM HaKoHeu; YBMp;ena, KaK Bee ITpoMcxop;MT: ITTMu;a yp;apReT KpbiJibJI p;pyr o p;pyra
107 pa3 B ceKyHp;y.
3aTeM, M3YqMB B na6opaTopMM MaxoBbie ITepb.H BToporo ITOp.Hp;Ka KpaCHOIIIaiTOqHOfO KOpOIIbKOBOfO MaHaKMHa, EocTBMK o6Hapy)KMJia Ha Ka)K,IJ;OM Kpbme ITO oco6oMy ITepy c CeMbiO OT,IJ;eJibHbiMM 6op03,IJ;KaMM. IJJITOe ITepo TpeTCJI 06 3TO ITepo c 6opo3p;KaMM, KaK Mep;MaTop ITPM Mrpe Ha rMTape, p;o-
•
JO.>KHAR
CTMraJI HeMbiCJIMMOM qacTOTbl B 1,5 TbiCJiqM yp;apoB B CeKyHp;y
AMEPHKA
( CeMb 6op03,IJ;OK, ITO Ka)K,IJ;OM M3 KOTOpbiX yp;ap.HIOT ,IJ;Ba pa3a, -
apean tq>aCHowano'lHoro KOponbKOBoro MBHBMHHa
3TO y)Ke 14; YMHO)KaeM Ha
JIBJIJieTcJI 3ByK, ITop;o6Hbi:i1: ronocy cKpMITKM.
apean 40 ~-tJBecntbiX BHJ!OB MaHaKHH09
B MMpe cyrn;ecT-
ByeT ITOqTM10 TbiCJiq BM,!l;OB ITepHaTbiX, HO HM O,!l;MH p;pyro:i1:
(ceMej;jcrao Plpndae) OKV
107M ITonyqaeM 1498). Pe3yJibTaToM
BM,!l; He CITOC06eH M3,IJ;aBaTb 3BYKM TaKMM o6pa30M - ITOCKpe-
1000
6hiBaJI op;HMM ITepoM o p;pyroe.
1-'--f
CBepqKM MoryT ITpop;eJibiBaTb HeqTo ITop;o6Hoe, ITTMI.J;bi
NGWIPS HCTO'IH~K.~
0038000'1HbiX >t<I<OO!~ KOPKCflbO!QI"O Y!llil!fPCI4TtiA
)Ke, KpoMe Haiiiero MaHaKMHa, - HeT, ITOTOMY qTo, KaK cqMTaeT EocTBMK, y 6oJibiiiMHCTBa ITTMI.J; KOCTM ITOJibie (3TO Heo6xo-
IImu~bt-KOllOHucmbt
,IJ;MMO, qT06bi 06JierqaTb Harpy3KY BO BpeMJI ITOJieTa).
A BOT B
KpacHowanoYHblfi KoponbKOBblfi MaHaK~H 06~TaeT BO Bna)I(HbiX ropHbiX Tpon~ YeCK~X necax, npocr~pa10lJ.1~XCfl or IOro3anaAa KonyM6~~ AO cesepo-3anaAa 3KB8AOpa. nr~L\bl Kpyrnblfi rOA )I(~ByT KOnOH~flM~, 38H~M810lJ.1~M~ OAH~ ~ Te )l(e
ITpOBep;eHMM MMKpOKOMITbiOTepHOM TOMOrpacpMM, KOCTOqKM
He6onbw~e yYaCTK~.
BaHMe KPYITHbiMM ITepb.HMM. Ho Torp;a KaK 3Ta p;eBJITMCaHTM-
KpbiJibJIX MaHaKMHa, KaK BbiJICHMJia EocTBMK c KOJIJieraMM ITPM
ITJIOTHbre, M MMeHHO IT03TOMY OHM Bbrp;ep)KMBaiOT ITOCTYKM-
MeTpoBaJI ITTMqKa JieTaeT C TaKMM JIMIIIHMM BeCOM? J13a cqeT CTATbH OCHOBAHA HA PA50TE, BEAYU1EHCH HAL1~0HAnbHbiM HAYYHbiM ct>OHAOM CWA
no rPAHTY
qero oHa ITOKpbmaeT orpoMHhre 3HepreTMqecKMe 3aTpaThi
HOMEP 0547709. MHEH~H . nOnYYEHHbiEAAHHbiE, BbiBOAbl ~n~ PEKOMEHAAL1~~. COAEPIKAU1~ECH
opraHM3Ma B ITOJieTe? 3TM TaMHbl MaHaKMHa yqeHbiM ern;e
B CTATbE, MOrYT HE COBnAAATb C MHEH~EM HAL1~0HAnbHOrO HAYYHOro ct>OHAA.
100
ITpep;cTOMT pacKpbiTb.
D
3 2
1
M8XOBble nepbR sroporo nops!JIKa
MzpaJC Ha KpbtllbJCX
npaeoe Kp~o~no. BHyrpeHHSlSl
L.Jro6bl 3asoesarb cso10 lt136paHH1t1L\Y. caMeL\ KpacHowanoYHOro KOpOI!bKOBOro MaHaK~t~Ha TaHL\YeT, y,Qap5l5l Kpblnb5lMit1.Qpyr o .Qpyra. 3syK or y.Qapos , ecn~t~ caMKa lt1HTepecyerc5l, HaY~t~Haer noxo.Q~t~Tb Ha ronoc CKp~t~nK~t~. fJ.o He.QaBHero BpeMeHit1 Hlt1KTO He 3Han, KaKit1M o6pa30M MaHaKit1Hbl «My31t1L\1t1PYIOT», - noKa opH~t~Tonor K~t~M EiocTBit1K He nposena na6oparopHble ~t~ccne.QoBaH~t~fl c ~t~cnonb30BaH~t~eM BbiCOKOCKopocrHoro B~t~.Qeo .Qnfl Ha6niO.QeHit1~. B pe3ynbrare K~t~M pa3ra.Qana ceKper .QeB5lT~t~caHTit1MerposbiX MY3biKaHTOB.
CT~poHa
Maxoeble nepbll nepaoro OOPS1AK8
nepbeBaSI CKpHnKa l.JT06bl 113AaBaTb 3BYKI-1, KpaCHOWanOYHblii KOpOIIbKOBblii MaHaKI-IH YAapHeT KpblllbflMI-1 APYr o APyra 107 pa3 B ceKYHAY·
nsnoe nepo corHyro noA yrnoM s 45 rpaAycos 11 3asepwaerc5l Y3Kit1M KOHYI-!KOM - nnaCTI-IHOii, KOTOpa5l CKOIIb311T no 6op03AKaM wecroro nepa, noA06Ho CMbiYKy, CKOIIb3flll.leMy no CTpyHaM.
Wecroe 1t ceAbMoe nepbR yseni-!YeHbl s pa3Mepe 111-!MeiOT ¢opMy 6ynaBbl. nHroe nepo, CKOIIb35l no I-IX60p03AKaM , 3aCTaBII5leT 3Tit1 ABa nepa Bl-16p~-!pOBaTb. :'''""'""'''''':
5
6
7
OPABOE KPblflO 3ByKH Bl-16pal..llt111 wecroro 11 ceAbMoro TOIICTOCTeHHbiXnepbeB nepeAaiOTCfl BCeM MaXOBbiM .............................._ nepbHM BTOporo nopflAKa 11 n05lBII5leTC5l 3ByK. 45.
YAap Kpblllbes- 3BYK «TIOK», cepl-151 YAapos- «A311Hb». ,
I
CTATbR <I>EPHAHAO r. 6AnT~CTA, NGM STAFF. ~CCnEAOBAH~E: TO H ~ W~ K ~CTOYH ~ K: K~M 6 0CTB~K. MY3EH n0380HOYH biX )f{ ~ B OTH biX KOPHEnbCKOro YH ~ BE PC ~T ETA
peanbHbiH PB3Mep
Bee 3mu MaHaKUHbt afiomozpacfiupoBaHbt Bllecax 9KBaoopa. 0Hu He o6Jlaomom MY3btKallbHbtMU mallaHmaMu cBoux pooutteu, KpaCHomanottHbtX KopollbKOBbtX MaHaKUHOB, ooHaKo KuM EocmBuK U3yttaem u ux- B HaoeJ/Coe Haumu npoMeJ/CymottHbte cmyneHu 360ll10U,UU Ha nymu om o6btttHbtX nmuu, K nmuttKaM-cKpunKaM. BBepxy KpacHozollOBbtu MaHaKUH, o6Jlaoamellb xapaKmepHozo ocmpoKoHettHozo xBocma, yxaJ/CuBaem 3a caMKou. 102
PIPRA FILICAUDA
PIPRA ERYTHROCEPHALA
CnpaBa- necmpblU KopollbKOBblU Mm-taKUH (BBepxy) omllutJaemCJT maKuMu J/Ce yBellutJeHHblMU MaxoBblMU nepbRMU Bmopozo nopRoKa, tJmo u KpacrtomanotJHblU KopollbKOBblU MartaKUH, 1-10 Kpblllb5CMU uJoaem mollbKO 3ByK, noxoJ/Cuu rta J/CYJ/CJ/Cartue. CurtezolloBaR nunpa rtecnoco6rta uJoaBamb 3BYKU KpblllbRMU, a J/CellmozolloBblu rtacmoRw,uu MartaKUH ( 6HU3Y) 06U2aem Kpblllb5CMU, KaK U KpaCHOUlanotJHblU KOpOllbK06blU MartaKUH, - HO 6e336YtJHO. MAHAKMHbl
103
Ha lfioHe B03BbtUlaro~eikH oeKopa""uu apu30HCKux cKall BepMunuoH: Mocm HaBaxo 1929 zooa nocmpouKU, cma8UlUU menepb neUlexoOHbtM, nepeceKaem peKy Konopaoo pHOOM c coBpeMeHHbtM MOCmOM, coopyJICeHHblM 81995-M.
zeonozuttecKux tt)'.Oec nnamo IIaP,uH.
TeKcT: BepmiH KrrHHKeH6opr <l>oTorpa<IJHH: PH'Iap,l1; BapH3
He 3a6y,u;hTe 3axBaTHTb BO,l.t;bi, 11 no6oJibiiie, a TaK)I(e CKJiap;Hotf cTyn p;a 30HTI1K
RTHO, qTo nop;o6HyiO BeJIMqecTBeHHYIO KapTI1-
OT COJIHD;a - 11 OTnpaBJIRMTeCh Ha nopOCIIIYIO no-
HY YBI1,ll;RT JII1lllb Ballll1 p;aJieKI1e nOTOMK11. ropbl
JlbiHbiO paBHI1HY K 10ry OT ap1130HCK0f0 IIIOCCe 89A,
3TI1 -
K ycTbiO KaHbOHa Eap;)l(ep.
CRp;bTe JII1D;OM Ha ce-
Bep, B cTopoHy IIITaTa IOTa, 11 cMoTp11Te. I1o3ap;11 -
oqeHh p;peBHI1e, 11 He MeHee p;peBHI1MI1
RBJIRIOTCR BI1,!1;11Mble 3,ll;eCb CJie,ll;bl pa3pyiiieHI151. MI1JIJI110Hhi JieT Ha3ap; MeCTo, rp;e CTOI1T Balli
peKa Konopap;o nporphi3aeT my6oKyiO 113Jiyqi1HY
CKJia,ll;HOM CTyJI, 6hiJIO CKpbiTO nop; CJIORMI1, KOTO-
[neH K EoJibiiiOMY KaHboHy. A npRMO nepep; BaMI1 Ha 900 11 6onee MeTpoB npoTRHYJICR np11qyp;n11BhiM ropHbiM MaCCI1B - cKaJihi
pbie cetfqac oTqeTJII1BO npocTynaiOT Ha CKJIOHax
Mo3HKOnl1, qi1HJII1, Mo3H3MB, KatfeHTa 11 HaBa-
BepM11JII10H. Ep;Ba JII1 MO)I(HO cKa3aTh, qTo y 3TO-
xo. Ka)l(p;biM 113 HI1X OTJII1qaeTCR OT p;pyr11x u;Be-
ro MaCCI1Ba ecTh CKJIOH. CKopee, 6ecql1cJieHHoe
TOM 11 CTeneHhiO ycTotfq11BOCTI1 K B03,ll;eMCTBI110
oT p;aM6bi KaHbOHa
CKaJI, - 3TO nJiaCTbl ropHbiX nopop;, Ha3BaHHbie
MHO)I(eCTBO CKJIOHOB, 11Cneru;peHHbiX 113BI1JII1CTbl-
ocap;KoB, BeTpa c necKOM 11 nepenap;a TeMnepaTyp.
Ml1 pacru;eJII1HaMI1 11 Ha,ll;BI1HYTbiMI1 p;pyr Ha p;py-
ITnaTo I1ap1151 BOT y)l(e MI1JIJII10Hhi
ra nnaCTaMI1, orpoMHbie KYCKI1 KOTopbiX nopotf cpbiBaiOTCR BHI13. vbp;aneKa rpyp;hi
o6noMKOB,
neT cp;aeT CBOI1
no311D;I111, oTcTynaR Ha ceBepo-3anap;, 11 KpacHbie )1(11BOnl1cHbie cKaJibi - cpopnocT 3Toro npou;ecca.
CKOni1BIIII1eCR B OCHOBaHI111 3T0f0 fl1faHTCKOf0
Tpyp;Ho noBep11Th, qTo o Hau;11oHaJihHOM naMRT-
cBap;e6Horo TopTa, HanoMI1HaiOT ropK11 necKa
HI1Ke, OKpy)l(eHHOM CKaJiaMI1, KOTOpbie 3aropaiOTCR
Ha p;He necoqHhiX qacoB. HaBepHRKa y Bac B03-
pa3HhiMI1 OTTeHKaMI1 KpacHoro no Mepe nepeMe-
HI1KHeT BOnpoc: a He nO,ll;O)I(,ll;aTb JII1 qyTh-qYTb,
ru;eHI1R COJIHD;a no He6y, p;a)l(e B AMep11Ke MallO KTO
qTo6hi YB11p;eTh, KaK OT cKaJihi OTBaJII1TCR BanyH
CJihiiiiaJI. Op;Ha 113 np11q11H B TOM, qTo 3TI1 cKaJihi
pa3MepOM, CKa)l(eM, C aBT06yc? 0TBeT TaKOB: p;a,
HaXO,lJ;RTCR KaK 6hi Ha 3ap;BOpKaX CBOI1X 3HaMeHI1 -
3TO MO)I(eT CJIYqi1TbCR B TOT )l(e p;eHb, Korp;a Bbl
TbiX cocep;etf - Hau;11oHaJibHhiX napKoB CiliA -
CRp;eTe nOCMOTpeTb Ha CKaJibl. Ho 6onee Bepo-
EoJibiiioro KaHbOHa, 3atfoH, Epatfc 11 p;pyr11x.
Cpeou ocmam"eB Kouom 1WMeHHaH KOllOHHa ecmecmBeHHozo npoucxoJICOeHUH, npo3BaHHaH TomeMHblM cmo!l60M, 8038btUlaemcH Ha cfioHe HOfJHOZO He6a c oopoJICKaMU naoaro~ux 38e30. 108
,lJ;pyraR ITpMqJma - rpyp;HO,D;OCTYITHOeTb MeeTHOeTM. XorR Beero B 10 KMJIOMerpax orCiop;a Haxop;MreR Bop;oxpaHMJIMru;e ITay::mrr e MHpMap;aMM ITporyrroqHbiX Rxr, ITJiaro ITJioru;ap;biO 120 TbrcJiq reKrapOB - MeeTO He ,D;liR ITJIOXO ITO,D;fOTOBJieHHbiX JIIO,D;eM. «BbiM,D;M M3 MalliMHbl M BOM,D;M B ITMID;eByiO
3p;eeb
M
eeMqae eerb ITeeoK: OH eKpHITMT Ha 3y6ax,
B Hero ITOrpy)l{aiOTeR 60TMHKM ITYTHMKOB, B HeM, KaK B 6oJIOTe, BR3HYT KOJieea aBTOM06MJieM, eTOMT TOJibKO e'beXaTb e M3BMJIMeTOM p;oporM y XOJIMOB CaHp; B eaMOM u;eHrpe ITJiaro. ITeeoK 3TOT, p;peBHMM p;o IToerrep;HeM ITeeqMHKM, 6epereR M3 ITeeqa-
u;eiTb», - lliYTMT eorpyp;HMK n10p0 ITO yiTpaBJieHMIO 3eMJIRMM, B qbeM Bep;eHMM HaXO,D;MTeR :na reppHropHR. A 3p;elliHMe XMID;HMKM - 3TO )l{apa, )l{a)l{p;a, HeBe)l{eeTBO M O,D;MHOqeeTBO (BITpoqeM,
HMKa HaBaXO, KOTOpbiM eJiy)I{MT KpOBJieM ITJiaTO M eKaJiaM. ITeeqaHMK, B eBoiO oqepep;b, HeKorp;a 6bm
0 rpeMyqMX 3MeRX M eKOpiTMOHaX TO)I{e 3a6biBaTb He eTOMT) . 3p;eeb ITOqTJ1 HeT qeTKO pa3MeqeHHbiX
JieT ITOKpbiBaBilleM 3HaqJ1TeJibHYIO qaeTb reppHTOpHM, rp;e eeMqae Haxop;MreR ITJiaro Korropap;o. 9rM
MaplllpyroB, Beero HeeKOJibKO yKa3aTeJieM, M He HaMp;elllb HM ITOReHMTeJibHbiX ITJiaKaTOB, HM peMH,D;)I{epOB, XOTR Bee 3TO Ha Ka)I{,D;OM lllary BerpeqaereR B p;pyrMx Hau;MoHaJibHbiX ITapKax. 3p;eeb He
reorrorMqeeKMe MeraMop¢o3bi ITorpReaiOT Boo6pa)l{eHMe. Eru;e 6oJibllle Bbi 6yp;ere ITOpa)l{eHbi, eeJIM
6epyr Mo6MJibHbie rerre¢oHbi, HeiTpoero HaMTM Meero p;JIR ITaJiaTKM, a p;oeryiTHaR Bop;a - 3TO ra, Koropy10 ITPMHeeelllb e eo6oM. Beeb MaeeMB ITOXO,D;MT Ha HeiTpaBMJibHOM ¢opMbl ITepeBepHyryiO ITO,D;KOBy: BOeroqHaR qaeTb ero B03Jie peKM Korropap;o - orBeCHaR M map;KaR, 3areM oH pe3KO ITOBopaqJIBaer Ha 10r M IToereITeHHO repReT B Bbieore, yxop;R Ha 3aiTap;, B lliTaT lOra B,D;OJib p;opom p;oJIMHbi Xaye-PoK - op;HoM M3 eaMbiX )I(J1BOITMeHbiX rpyHTOBOK aMepMKaHeKOfO 3aiTap;a. CKaJibi eMorpRr Ha Hee eBepxy BHM3, HeITpMeryrrHbie M ITpHTRrareJibHbie O,ll;HOBpeMeHHO. Ho eeJIM Bbi IToep;ere B,D;OJib eeBepHoM p;yrM
061liHpHOM ITyerbiHeM e fOHMMbiMM ITO HeM BerpOM BOJIHaMM-6apxaHaMM, Ha ITpOTR)I{eHMM MMJIJIMOHOB
BaM ITOBe3eT YBMp;erb Y3MB- «BOJIHy», eKpbiTYIO Ha eeBepo-3aiTap;e ITJiaro ITapHR, B Meere, Koropoe Ha3biBaereR «oeraHIJ;bi KoMor». Y 3MB - 3TO XaOTJ1qHoe eKOITJieHMe ITOJIOeaTbiX OKaMeHeJibiX ,D;IOH, ITOXO)I{MX Ha 3aeTbiBiliMe BOJIHbl ITpM60R - OHM BeqHo Ha6eraiOT, 3aKpyqMBaiOTeR M B3,D;biMaiOreR 3a eeKyHp;y p;o roro, KaK paeebmarbeR . 9TH 6eeiTOpRp;OqHbie BOJIHbl OTITOIIHpOBaHHOfO ITeeqaHMKa B qallleo6pa3HOM ITOJIHOM eBeTa KaHbOHe - TO, qro OCTaJIOeb ITOeJie ,D;JIMTeJibHOfO B03p;eMerBMR 3p03MM Ha ITeeqaHMK, a y3opbi Ha HeM - pe3YJibTar XMMMqeeKMX ITpou;eeeOB, BbieBeTJIMBiliMX O,D;HM yqaeTKM KaMHR M OKpaeMBiliMX MMHepaJiaMM )l{eJie3a p;pyrMe. Errarop;apR BOJIHMeroM ITOBepxHo-
ITO,D;KOBbl, HaiTpaBJIRReb M3 apM30HeKOfO ropop;a ITeMp;)l{ B KaHa6 B lOre, HMqro He HaiTOMHMT BaM
erM Y 3MB ITpep;eraBJIRer eo6oM eBoeo6pa3HYIO a3pop;MHaMMqeeKyiO rpy6y, KOTOpaR pa3rOHReT Berep p;o 6oJiblliMX eKopoereM. I1oiTpo6ytire Ha3Barb
o eyru;eerBoBaHMM rop. A pelliMeb Bbi Ha ITelliMM ITepexop; ITO ITJiaro ITapMR, MO)I{eT ITOKa3aTbeR, qro
Bee IJ;BeTa, KOTOpbie Bbl BM,D;MTe Mepu;aiOID;MMM B KaMHe. OHM M3MeHRTeR, ITpe)l{p;e qeM Bbi yeiTeere
Bbi oqyrMJIMeb Ha ITapRru;eM B He6e oerpoBe. CKaJibi BHM3Y ITO,D; BaMM OeTaiOTeR HeBM,ll;MMbiMM, HO Bbi qyBerByere Mx ITpMeyrerBMe. TaK, HaBepHoe,
ITepeqJieJIMTb. CorrHu;e KaTMTeR ITO He6y, o6rraKa ryqHeiOT, xyp;eiOT M J1eqe3aiOT, a Y 3MB e)l{eMMHYTHO M3MeHRer eBOM o6JIMK, HMKorp;a He MeHRReb. qro6bi eoxpaHMTb 3TO YHMKaJibHOe o6pa3oBa-
BbirJIRp;erra 6bi 3eMJIR, eeJIM 6bi 6bma ITJIOeKoM. Ho KOrp;a Bbl ITO,D;OMp;ere K KpaiO ITJiaTO - a Bbl HaXO,D;Mreeb Ha BeplliMHax eKaJI BepMHJIMOH, ro YBMp;Mre, qro y MMpa eerb ITpop;OJI)I{eHMe: OH yeryiTaMM paelliHpRereR BHM3 K nOJiblliOMY KaHbOHY M p;aJibllle. ITrraro ITapMR M oKaMMJIRIOru;Me ero eKaJibi B 2000 rop;y yKa3oM ITpe3Mp;eHra CiliA 6biJIM o6'bRBJieHbi HaiJ;MOHaJibHbiM ITaMRTHMKOM, B ITepByiO oqepep;b 6rrarop;apR yp;MBMTeJibHOMY pa3H006pa3MIO MX peJibe¢oB, ITORBMBiliMXeR B pe3yJibTaTe pa60Tbl Berpa, eMJibl TR)I{eeTM, BO,D;bl M oeo6eHHO ITeeKa. 112
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC • MAM 2012
MX
E10po ITO yiTpaBJieHMIO 3eMJIRMM p;oiTyeKaer K Y 3MB He 6orree 20 qeJIOBeK B p;eHb: B ITyeTbiHHOM HMe,
ITpoerpaHerBe, xpaHRru;eM MoHy JlM3Y reorrorMM, Bbl OKa)l{eTeeb ITpaKTMqeeKM B O,ll;MHOqeerBe. 9TO BaM He IO)I{HbiM o6Bop; nOJiblliOro KaHbOHa, rp;e )I(J1BOITMeHbiM BM,D; ITpMXO,D;MTeR p;eJIMTb e TbiCJiqarypMeroB. OeraBiliMeb Haep;MHe e eo6oM, Bbi IToqyBeTByere, KaK HJ1qTO)I{H0 Mali OTBep;eHHbiM BaM MMf ITO epaBHeHMIO e orpOMHbiM 3aeTbiBiliMM MM
BpeMeHHbiM ITJiaeTOM.
n
I IOTA
I
--1 KOJIOPA.QO_
HAL!HOHAIIbHbJM
--o fiAMJTTHUK CKA/1bl
J
BEPMWIUOH HbiOrKCl'!Ki
AP~30HA
y~~be
aup
OCtnaHqbl
KoiJom ~·
.... -
d
•.
' ·•
n n am o xonMbl
CaHa
C5nOK• •
AM8rp8MM8
····· ~~M3Y
2242 M ·''
aonuHa Xayc - PoiC
HAU110HA11bHb!M nAMRTHMK CKAJ1bl BEPMI111110H
3aKa3HHK KaHbOH nap1111CKa!lbl BepMHilHOH
Ha pHCYHKe MaCWTa6 He Bbi,Q8p)t{aH. PaCCTO~HHe Me)t{,Qy MOCTOM Hasaxo 11 Y3HB- 39 KH!lOMerpos .
reonont<tecKMM pa3pe3 cKan BepMMnMOH
J1CTOpHH, 3ane'laTJieHHaHBKa.MHe B03Bb1Wa~Cb
necYaHHK Ha s axo
Ha 900 MeTpOB HaA npewopHO!Ii
HH}I(HeiOpcKHe
}
OTilO}I(eHHII
199,6- 175,6
Teppacoill , CKanbl BepMI-1m10H pacKpbiBaiOT HaM MHorocnoiiiHyiO l-1CTOPI-110APeBHero penbecpa. 3a Ml-1nnl-10Hbl neT reonorl-14eCKI-1e npol.(eCCbl npespaTl-1nl-1 HaMbiTble BOAO!Ii seTpoM necoK s
n~Tb
OTnO>KeHI-1~
1-1 npl-1HeCeHHblill
npOT~>KeHHblill
<t:>opMal.\1-1~
sep>KeHa pa3pyweHI-110, 4eM
ocna6n~eT
6onee nnoTHble oTno>KeHI-1~. OHI-1
rAMAW , NGM STAFF. AHArPAMMA: YAK KAPTEP
HCT O Y H~KH: 6PA~AH MH, rEOnOrHYECKAH CnY>K6A APH30Hbl;
6/0PO no YnPABnEHHIO
3EMnHM~;
USGS
1-1 APYrl-1e,
pacCblnaiOTC~.
1-1 CKanbl MeAneHHO OTCTYnaiOT. MAPT~H
}
0Tpe30K l-1CTOpl-11-1 3eMnl-1.
Lfl-1Hnl-1 pblxnee APYrl-1x 1-1 cl-1nbHee noA-
¢opMaUHII KaHeHr a
} - ¢opMaUHII M03H3HB
OTAenbHbiX¢opMal.\l-1ill oca-
A04Hbi XropHbi XnopOA, BMeCTe OHI-1 OXBaTbiBaiOT AOBOnbHO
}
}
¢opMal,IHII YHH1111 ¢OpMal,IHII M03HKOnH
TPHSCOBble OTilO.IKeHHII }
251- 199,6 M111111HOHOB neT
feOJIOfMqeCKVIe ITpou;eCCbl, C03p;aBIIIVIe Y :'HIB, a
ep;VIHOM. 3p;eCb eCTb HV13V!Hbl, ITOpOCillVIe BbiCOX-
TaK>Ke CKaJibl, KaHbOHbl VI MVIpvrap;bi p;pymx <}>opM
rneif rpaBoif, vr ocrarKvr crapbiX orpap;, Koropbie,
penbe<}>a, ITpop;on:>KaiOTCJI vr ceifqac, He c6aBJIJIJI xo-
Ka:>KeTCJI, CyiiJ;eCTBYIOT, TOJibKO qro6bi cp;ep:>KVIBaTb
p;a. J1 BCe :>Ke OT HaC OHM CKpbiTbl 3a HaCTOJIIIJ;VIM.
ITepep;BVI:>KeHVIJI ITepeKaTVI-ITOJIJI.
KaK-ro p;HeM JI men ITO BhicoxrneMy p;Hy yiiJ;eJihJI
TbiCJiqvr ner Ha3ap; 3TVI 3eMJIVI ITpvrHap;ne:>KaJivr
EaKCKVIH B ceBepo-3aiTap;Hoi1 qacrvr ITJiaro - :: nor
p;peBHVIM ITJieMeHaM OXOTHVIKOB VI C06vrpareJieM,
Xayc-PoK. Ha HeBbiCOKVIX xonMax BoKpyr JI
pRp;OM c p;oporoif p;oJIVIHbi Bvrp;en
HY ITpvrrnnvr Hapop;bi ITy36Jio, a 3areM - ITaMIOT, KO-
Maprnpyr HaqvrHaercJI
MHO:>KecrBo pa3 ITepeceKaBrnvrM ITJiaro. J1M Ha cMe-
crpaHHhie B3p;yrvrJI VI3 ITecqaHvrKa, HaiTOMVIHaBrnvre
rophie ITOp;eJIVIJIVICb qaCTbiO CBOVIX 3HaHVIM 06 3TVIX
KYKOJIKVI KaKvrx -ro <}>aHracrvrqecKvrx HaceKOMbiX,
KpaJIX C MOpMOHCKVIM MVICCVIOHepOM ~:>KeMK060M
p;onvrHe Xayc- PoK,
a rnapbl KycrapHVIKa ITepeKaTVI-ITOJie TOJIITVIJIV!Cb B
X3M6JIVIHOM. lloceJIVIBillVICb B
VI3rvr6ax BbiCoxrnero pycna, KaK ycraBrnvre cepbie
OH Y3HaJI cKaJibi BepMVIJIVIOH nyqrne, qeM JII06oi1
OBIJ;bl.
p;pyroif 6eJibiM qeJioBeK ero BpeMeHvr. J1ccnep;o-
YIIJ;eJibe EaKCKVIH VI3BecrHo CBOVIM Y3KVIM KaHb-
BareJib ~:>KOH Y 3CJIVI I1ay3JIJI OITVICbiBaJI X3M6nvr-
p;o Hero, MHe ITO-
Ha KaK «MOJiqaJIVIBOfO, cp;ep:>KaHHOfO qeJIOBeKa»,
Bcrpeqanach BbiCOKaJI, coBeprneHHO He rpoHyraJI
p;o6aBJIJIJI, qro «KOrp;a TOT fOBOpVIJI, TO p;eJiaJI 3TO
ochmh , cocrOJIIIJ;aJI VI3 KpacHoro ITecKa, raKoro
Mep;JieHHO VI TVIXO, qro BHyrnaJIO co6ecep;HVIKY
ITJIOTHOfO VI 3epHVICTOfO, KaKVIM 6biBaeT TOJibKO
6naroroBeHvre».
OHOM, HO, ITpe:>Kp;e qeM JI p;ornen
ITecoK, KoropbiM ocraBJIJier 3a co6oi1 BOJIHa, or-
3a BCeMVI JIIO,ll;bMVI - ITyrerneCTBeHHVIKaMVI VI
KarvrBrnvrcb c ITJIJI:>Ka Ha3ap; B Mope. Ka:>Kp;aJI ITec-
ITOCTOJIHHbiMVI :>KVITeJIJIMVI - Ha6JIIOp;aJIVI ITTVIIJ;bl,
qvrHKa, Ka3aJiocb, 6bma Ha cBoeM Mecre. 3ro 6bmo
V13BeCTHbie ITO,ll; Ha3BaHVIeM KaJivr<}>opHVIMCKVIM
Haqano ITpou;ecca o6pa3oBaHVIJI ITecqaHvrKa, eiiJ;e
KOHp;op
(Gymnogyps californianus). lloKoJieHvre 3a
He oKaMeHeBrnero vr o:>Kvrp;aBrnero qepep;bi <}>vr3vr-
ITOKOJieHVIeM, OHM HeCJIVI
qecKvrx VI XVIMvrqeCKVIX ITpeo6pa30BaHVIM, KOTOpbie
Mepe ITOCJiep;HVIe
ITpeBpaTJIT ero B orpOMHbiM KaMeHHbiM ITJiaCT.
p;a:>Ke OKOJIO
Tpyp;Ho He 3aMervrrh BeprvrKaJihHYIO
ITocnep;o-
100
20
CBOM ,ll;030p ITO KpaifHeM
TbiCJiq JieT - a MO:>KeT 6biTb,
TbiCJiq JieT, ITOCTeiTeHHO yMeHb-
rnaJICb B qvrcJieHHocrvr,
ITocne roro KaK vrcqe3JIVI
BareJibHOCTb TaKVIX ITJiaCTOB B CKaJIVICTbiX orporax,
KpyiTHbie MJieKOITVITaiOIIJ;VIe ITJieMCTOIJ;eHOBOM 3ITO-
HO 3p;ecb ITpvrcyrcrByer vr ITocnep;oBareJibHOCTb
XVI. KoHp;opbi ITpoiTaJivr B cKaJiax BepMVIJIVIOH eiiJ;e B
:>KV13HeHHbiX <}>opM: Ha ITOBepXHOCTVI ITecqaHVIKa
Haqane ITpornnoro BeKa, HO c
1996 rop;a OHM CHOBa
cnoeB MO:>KHO yBvr-
ITOJIBVIJIV!Cb 3p;eCb, 3aBe3eHHbie JIIO,ll;bMVI, KOTOpbie
p;erh CJiep;bl p;peBHVIX KpOKO,ll;VIJIO- VI IITVIIJ;eiTO,ll;06-
BOCITOJIHJIIOT MaJiyiO qvrcJieHHOCTb 3TVIX ITTVIIJ;,
HbiX cyiiJ;eCTB, o6vrraBillVIX 3,ll;eCb B p;aJieKOM ITpO-
Ka:>Kp;biM rop; BbiiiYCKaJI Ha BOJIIO HOBbiX oco6eif.
HaBaxo vr ITop;crvrnaiOIIJ;VIX ero
IllJIOM-
190 MVIJIJIVIOHOB JieT Ha3ap; VI paHee- ITpO-
IllJIOM, Korp;a 3TO 6biJI COBCeM p;pyroif MV!p.
KaK p;omo ITpvrp;ercJI :>Kp;aTh, qro6hi yBvrp;erh KOHp;opa? CITerny o6pap;oBaTb : o:>Kvrp;aHvre ITpo-
6onee coBpeMeHHbiX
p;nvrrcJI B Macrnra6e ITPVIBbiqHoro BaM BpeMeHvr, a
o6vrrareJieM - HeCKOJibKO KOpJIBbiX <}>epMepCKVIX
orHIOp;b He reonorvrqecKvrx qacoB. lloKa Bbi :>Kp;ere,
Ecrb Ha ITJiaro vr ITPVI3HaKvr
ITOCTpOeK BbiCOKO 3a ITpOBOJIOqHbiM 3a6opOM,
anoe conHu;e cKaJI cyrnvrr Barny Ko:>Ky, a Bbi MO:>Kere
cpep;vr coceH vr MO:>K:>KeBeJibHVIKa B p;onvrHe Koppan.
ITpep;craBVITb CBVICT Berpa, KOTOpbiM CJibiillVIT KOH-
3ro MeCTO He TaK :>KVIBOITVICHO, KaK Y 3MB, C KOTO-
p;op, B03HOCJICb B He6o C BOCXO,ll;JIIIJ;VIM ITOTOKOM
poif, ITO:>KaJiyif, HVIqTO He CMO:>KeT cpaBHVITbCJI, HO
B03p;yxa, VI ITaHOpaMy, KOTOpaJI OTKpbiBaeTCJI eMy,
vr B HeM ecrh CBOJI crporaJI Kpacora. Ymy6neHVIJI
KOrp;a OH, qyrb ITOBOpaqvrBaJI fOJIOBy, CHOBa HeCeT
B ITecqaHvrKe co6vrpa10r p;o:>Kp;eBhie KaiTJIVI, Bee
p;o
cBoif p;o3op Hap; cKaJiaMvr vr yiiJ;eJihJIMVI.
D
IIocne onumellbHOZO omcymcm8UJC KOHoopbt BepHynucb Ha CKallbt BepMUllUOH: C8bttue comHU oco6eu 6blllU Bbtny£«eHbt moobMu 3a nocneoHue 15 nem. Yt«enbe Yaup ( cnpaBa) HatJuHaemcH KaK mupo1caJC u Hezny6oKaJC oonuHa, HO cKopo cyJ/CaemcH, u Bbt oKa3btBaemecb 8 mecHou zny6oKou pac£«enuHe. B 3aBucuMocmu om BpeMeHU zooa mypucmo8 nOOJ/CUOaiOm pa3Hbte Hanacmu: om o6e380J/CU8aHUJC 00 8He3anHOZO Ha800HeHUJC. 116
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC • MAM 2012
APXJ.IIB NG B Mapre 1983 roAa aMepi-1KaHCKI-1~
}l{ypHan National
Geographic ony6ni-1KOBan craTbiO npo HaXOAKY ABYX nonaBWI-1X B wropM 1-1 3aTOHYBWI-1X
KOpa6ne~
BpeMeH
1812 rDAa. lt1CTOPI-1s:l KpyweHI-1s:l OAHOro 1-13 3TI-1X
Kopa6ne~
nerna
B OCHOBY pOMaHa aMep!-1KaHCKOrO nl-1carens:J-Knacci-1Ka ,lJ,}I{e~Mca Kynepa «HeA
Ma~epc,
1-1n1-1 }\{I-13Hb noA napycaMI-1».
TeKcT: ,Il,3HMEJ1 A. HEJlbCOH <l>OTorpa<P~nr: 3MOPM KPMCTOCl> MmnoCTpau;~nr :
pJ,1qAP,Il, IIIJIEXT
KB03h MYTHYIO 3armeHHYIO BO.ZW IIOCTerreHHO rrpOCTYIIJ1Jia <P11rypa
~eJioBeKa. PyKa y cepp;u;a, TeJio HaKJIOHeHO BIIepep;, - Ka3aJIOCh,
~TO OH JII06e3HO IIp11BeTCTByeT HaC. TaK rrop;Bop;Ha.H KaMepa c p;McTaHn;MOHHhiM yrrpaBrreHMeM rroMorrra MHe YBMp;eTb TO, qTo .H MCKarr qeTbrpe ro,n;a. KTo-To y MeH.H 3a crrMHOM TMxo cKa3aJI: «Herrrroxo - rrocrre Bceti rrpoBep;eHHOM pa6oThi. ,IJ,::m, MHe Ka)l(eTC.H, Tbl TO)I(e MO)I(elllh IIOKJIOHMTbC.H». KrraH.HTbC.H .H He CTaJI, HO MbiCJieHHO OTBeCMJI COTHM IIOKJIOHOB Ka)l(,ll;OMY M3 BCeX TeX, KTO IIOMOfaJI BbiBeCTM Ha MOHMTOp 3TOT o6pa3. To 6hma pe3Ha.H <l>Mrypa, c,n;erraHHa.H c rropTpeTa 6pMTaHcKoro ap;MMparra fopau;Mo HerrhCOHa. Kor,n;a-To oHa KpacoBarrach Ha Tpo<l>eMHOM KOpa6Jie aMepMKaHCKOfO <PrroTa - CTpOMJIM ero KaHap;u;hr, Ha3hiBaJic.H OH M3HaqaJihHO «Jlop,n; HeJihCOH» (KaHap;a Torp;a 6bma KOJIOHMeM BerrMKo6pMTaHMM), HO aMepMKaHu;hr rrepeMMeHoBaJIM ero B «CKep,ll;)l(», a 6pMTaHCKOfO ap;MMparra Ha Hocy ocTaBMJIM. «CKep,n;)l(» 3aToHyrr BMecTe c ,n;pyroti BOeHHOM IIIXYHOM, «X3MMJITOHOM», BO BpeM.H IliTOpMa Ha 03epe 0HTapMO 6orree IIOJiyTopa BeKOB Ha3ap;. Jlyqiiie BCero 06 3TOM 3HaMeHaTeJibHOM ,ll;Jl.H MeH.H co6biTMM B cBoe BpeM.H paccKa3arr He,n; MaM.epc, ero Herrocpe,n;cTBeHHhiM yqaCTHMK.
PepeeJCHHaJC ifiuzypa Ha Hocy Kopa6Jlff «CKepoJK», Komopbtu noKoumcJC Ha OHe 03epa 0Hmapuo, noooepJICU6aemcJC 6yumpumoM u 6aJlKaMU. C/JomozpaifyuJC COeJlaHa CnOMOUI,biO OUCmaH4UOHHblX 3JleKmpOHHblX meXHOJlOZUU. IIooHJCmb Kopa61lb co aHa o3epa noKa He yoa!locb, eeob «CKepoJK», KaK u «X3MUllmOH», - COllUOHbte mxyHbt OllUHou no 18 u 22,5 Mempa. BCE <POTOrPA<P~~ : HAMILTON-SCOURGE FOUNDATION/NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC STOCK
M
AMEPC EhiJI MATPOCOM aMepMKaHCKoro <±>nora B 1812 ro,n;y, Kor,n;a pa3ropencR KoH<!>JIMKT Me)K,n;y EpMraHMeM M CiliA. Op;HOM M3 ITpMqMH BOeHHoro croJIKHOBeHMR crana 6noKa,n;a EpMraHMeM roproBJIM Me)K,n;y CiliA M HaiToJieOHOBCKOM <Dpam.~;MeM. BoMHa 6hma ,n;omoM M Macrnra6HoM - 6oM rnJIM or KaHap;hi ,n;o JiyM3MaHhi, or BeJIMKMX o3ep ,n;o oKeaHa. Cerop;HR o He,n;e MaMepce, KOHeqHo )Ke, HMKTO 6hi M He BCITOMHMJI, eCJIM 6hi He ,D;Ba 06CTORTeJihCTBa: <Pororpa<!>MqecKaR ITaMRTh, KoropoM OH o6na,n;an OT ITpMpO,D;hl, M TO, qro ,D;O BOMHhl OH OTITpaBMJICR B ITJiaBaHMe 3a rpaHMIJ;y Ha aMepMKaHCKOM roprOBOM cyp;He BMeCTe C MOJIO,D;hiM qeJIOBeKOM ITO MMeHM ,IJ;)KeMMC <DeHMMop KyiTep, HO o6 3TOM qyTh IT03)Ke. Bo BpeMR BOMHhi 1812 ro,n;a MaMepc CJIY)KMJI 3a rpaHMIJ;eM Ha BOeHHOM rnxyHe «CKep,D;)K», KOTOpaR B COCTaBe aMepMKaHCKOM 3CKap;pbi, BKJIIoqaBIIleM B ce6R eiiJ;e o,n;Hy BOeHHYIO rnxyHy «X3MMJITOH», ITarpynMpoBaJia o3epo 0HrapMo. EcJIM «CKep,n;)K» KOrp;a-TO 6hiJI KaHa,D;CKMM TOprOBhiM cyp;HOM M Ha3hiBaJICR «Jlop,n; HeJihCOH», ro «X3MMJITOH» - roprOBhiM Kopa6neM ITO,D; Ha3BaHMeM «,Il;MaHa», HO era TO)Ke ITepeMMeHoBaJIM M ITepeo6opy,n;oBaJIM ITO,D; BOeHHhie HY)K,D;hl. KaK ITOKa3aJia McropMR, ycraHOBKa ITyrneK Ha HeiTO,D;rOTOBJieHHhiX rpa)K,D;aHCKMX cy,n;ax 6bma ITJIOXOM Mp;eeM: raKoe ITepeo6opy,n;oBaHMe o6epHynoch rparep;MeM. PaHHMM yrpoM 8 aBrycra 1813 ro,n;a «X3MMJITOH» M «CKep,D;)K», ITpMrnBaproBaHHhie B 3aiTa,D;HOM qaCTM 03epa 0HrapMO, 6hiJIM ITO,D;XBaqeHhl BHe3aiTHhiM MOIIJ;HhiM ITOpbiBOM IIlKBaJIMCTOrO Berpa. 06a KOpa6JIR Mcqe3JIM MrHOBeHHO - 3aKpyrMJIMCh B BMXpe, 6biJIM 3aJIMThl BO,D;OM M ITOIIlliM KO ,D;Hy. TR)KeJihie ITYWKM c,n;enaJIM nerKMe roproBhie cy,n;a HeycroMqMBhiMM. Bhi)KMJIO JIMIIlh ITO BoceMh qeJIOBeK M3 Ka)K,D;OM KOMaH,D;hl. Op;HMM M3 Bhi)KMBIIlMX 6biJI He,n; MaMepc, M Ha ITPOTJI)KeHMM cne,n;yiOIIJ;MX rpMp;IJ;aTM ner era ITaMRTh xpaHMJia Bee MeJihqaMrnMe ITo,n;po6HocrM roM y)KaCHOM HoqM, B 1843 ro,n;y MaMepc pa3hiCKaJI cBoero IToiTyrqMKa ITO ,n;oBoeHHOMY ITJiaBaHMIO, KyITepa, KOTOpbiM K TOMY BpeMeHM y)Ke CTaJI O,D;HMM M3 Bep;yiiJ;MX aMepMKaHCKMX ITMCaTeJieM. 06Jiap;aBIIlMM, KaK y)Ke 6biJIO CKa3aHO, 3aMeqareJihHOM ITaMRThiO, MaMepc B ITo,n;po6HocrRx 122
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC • MAM 2012
paccKa3aJI KyiTepy o cBoeM ITOJIHOM rpy,n;HocreM M oiTacHocreM )KM3HM MopRKa, M oco6eHHO - o roM HOqM, KOrp;a 3aTOHYJIM «X3MMJITOH» M «CKep,D;)K». B pe3yJihrare ITORBMJICR KJiaccMqecKMM poMaH o MopcKMX ITPMKJIIOqeHMRX «He,n; MaMepc, MJIM )KM3Hh ITO,D; ITapycaMM» ,Il;)KeMMca <l>eHMMopa KyITepa. B poMaHe He,n; ,n;eraJihHO OITMChiBaer KpyrneHMe «CKepp;)Ka»: «BCIThiiilKM MOJIHMM 6hiJIM 6eCKOHeqHhl, OHM IToqrM ocneiTMJIM MeHR. Ka3aJIOCh, HarnM ITany6hi oxBaqeHhi orHeM. HMqero He 6hiJIO BM,D;HO. 5I He CJihiiilaJI HM KpMKOB, HM ITpMKa30B; TOJibKO C ITO,D;BerpeHHOM CTOpOHhl IIlXYHhl pa3p;aBaJIMCh BOITJIM MarpocoB- OHM Jie)KaJIM, ITpMp;aBJieHHhie opyp;MR MM, RIIJ;MKaMM C 6oeiTpMITaCaMM M p;pyrMMM TR)Ke JlhiMM BeiiJ;aMM, KOTOpbie CKaTMJIMCh BHM3, KOrp;a Kopa6Jih HaqaJI 3aBaJIMBaThCR Ha6oK ... Bo,n;a 3aJIMBaJiacb B KaiOThi ITO cxo,n;HoMy JIIOKy... 5I ITpbirHYJI M yiTaJI B Bop;y B HeCKOJihKMX Merpax or roro Mecra, r,n;e croRJI. IToxo)Ke, KaK TOJihKO R ITOKMHYJI rnxyHy, aHa 3aroHyJia».
((
3MJ1JITOH» OTIIPABJ1JIOI BCJIE,IJ; 3A CKEP,IJ;)I{EM». Ha ITPOTR)KeHMM CJie-
YIDIIJ;MX 158 ner OHM Jie)KaJIM Ha p;He MOpR, BCeMM 3a6hiThie, M, KpoMe paccKa3a He,n;a MaMepca M KparKMX cchiJIOK B BoeHHO-MopcKoM apxMBe CiliA, o KpyrneHMM He 6biJIO HMKaKMX CBM,D;eTeJibCTB. Ho neroM 1971 ro,n;a KoponeBCKMM My3eM 0HrapMo B TopoHro HaqaJI McropMKO-Mccne,n;oBareJihCKMM ITpOeKT ITO ITOMCKY «X3MMJITOHa» M «CKep,n;)Ka» B 3aiTa,D;HOM qacrM o3epa 0HrapMo. B 1812 ro,n;y o3epo 6bmo maBHhiM rearpoM BOeHHhiX p;eMCTBMM, M MMeHHO ITO HeMy, a He ITO p;oporaM, ITpoMcxop;MJIM ITepeMeiiJ;eHMR BOMCK, cHapR)KeHMR M ITpO,D;OBOJihCTBMR. MoM ,n;pyr, ,n;oKrop ,IJ;ymac TarnMHrX3M, B ro BpeMR maBHhiM apxeonor KoponeBCKoro My3eR OHrapMO, ITOITpOCMJI MeHR B03rJiaBMTh 3TOT ITpOeKT. Boo6IIJ;e-TO, MOR OCHOBHaR ITpo<!>eCCMR - 3y6HOM Bpaq, HO YBJieqeHMe apxeonorMeM M OIThiT pa6orhi BO,D;OJia30M ITpMBeJIM K TOMy, qro 5I CTaJI HayqHhiM corpyp;HMKOM My3eR. 03epo 0HrapMo xono,n;Hoe, caMbie HM)KHMe cJIOM Bop; Bcer,n;a ocraiOTCR IToqrM nep;RHhiMM. Hey,n;MBMTeJihHO, qro, B OTJIMqMe OT rpOITMqecKMX MO-
peJ1: C HX TeiiJibiMH BOp;aMH M pa3'hep;aiOrn;eJ1: COJibiO,
qJIBOM Mp;eeM:, HO ,n;a)l(e rro,n;,n;ep)l(aJIH ee: MOR )l(eHa
rrpoXJiap;Hbre BeJIHKHe o3epa - M caMoe MaJieHbKoe
H3HCH, ,Uyr TarnHHfX3M M p;oKTop I1HTep CJiaJ1:,
H3 HHX, 0HTapHO, B TOM qJicJie, - KaK rrpaBHJIO, OT-
cTaprnHJ1: HayqHbiM coTpy,n;HHK KaHa,n;cKoro QeH-
JIJiqHO COXpaHRIOT BCe, qTO orrycKaeTCJ! Ha HX ,ll;HO.
Tpa BHyTpeHHHX BOp;. 3TO rocyp;apCTBeHHOe HC-
B HarneM cJiyqae ::na oco6eHHOCTh 6hma KpaM:He
CJiep;OBaTeJibCKOe yqpe)l(p;eHHe, KOTOpoe 3aHHMaeT-
Ba)I(Ha.
C51 H3yqeHHeM M oxpaHOM KaHap;CKHX 03ep M peK, -
KHHra Kyrrepa H306HJiyeT ,n;eTaJihHbiMH orrHcaHHRMH KOpa6JieJ1: M, qTO He MeHee Ba)I(HO, p;aeT
B 06R3aHHOCTH f1HTepa ,ll;OJirHe fO,Il;bi BXO,Il;HJIO HCCJiep;OBaHHe p;Ha 03epa 0HTapHO.
HeKOTOpOe rrpep;CTaBJieHHe 06 MX MeCTOHaxO)I(,Il;e-
Ho c qero HaqaTh rroHCKH? l-1cTopHqecKHe ,n;o-
HHH Ha p;He o3epa 0HTapHo. ToqHoe MecTo, pa3y-
KyMeHThi, oco6eHHO BpeMeH BOMHhr, Hepe,n;Ko co-
MeeTcR, orrpe,n;eJIHTb 6biJIO HeB03MO)I(HO. Ho He,n;
cTaBJIRJIHCb HeBe)l(eCTBeHHbiMH HJIH rrpe,n;y6e)l(-
MaJ1:epc BCe-TaKH p;aJI MHe 6ecQeHHYIO IIO,Il;CKa3Ky.
p;eHHbiMH aBTOpaMH.
To, qTo HaqJIHaJiocb KaK pR,n;oBoJ1: HCCJiep;oBaTeJibCKHM rrpoeKT, rrocTerreHHO YBJieKJIO MeHR QeJIHKOM M rroJIHOCThiO. MHe y)l(e 6hiJIO MaJio rrpocTo
B 3mOM MOHmaJ/Ce oayx ifJomozpaifJuu, CHJlmbtX
co6paTb HHcpOpMaQHIO 0 «X3MHJITOHe» M «CKep-
c pa3HblX Y2ll08, nepeo HaMU npeocmaem aoMupall
,ll;)l(e» - 5I TBepp;o pernHJI OTbiCKaTb M HCCJiep;OBaTb
fopau,uo He!lbCOH. Ilo"teMy-mo CKYllbnmop
caMH Kopa6JIH. C caMoro HaqaJia TPH 3aMeqaTeJib-
Bbtpe3all ifJuzypy He!lbCOHa c oayMH pyKaMu,
HbiX qeJIOBeKa He TOJibKO MHpHJIHCb C MOeJ1: HaB513-
xom5l aoMupall nomep5lll npaayiO PYKY 8 6o10.
~JUI IIOMCKa p;Byx KOpa6JieM MHe 6hiJIM HY)l(Hbl IIO,!l;JIMHHbie 6ecrrpMcrpaCTHbie ,!l;OKyMeHTbl, B KOTOpbiX M3JiaraJIMCb 6bi qMCTbie cpaKTbl, a He MHeHM.ll. M,n;eaJihHbiM BapMaHr raKoro ,n;oKyMeHra cy,n;oBOM )KypHaJI, M MeH.ll crpanmo oropqano, qro )KypHaJihl «X3MMJITOHa» M «CKep,n;)Ka» 6hiJIM yrpaqeHbl. 5I 3ap;yMaJIC.ll: rp;e )Ke MO)KHO OTbiCKaTb cy,n;oBbie )KypHaJibi ,n;pyrMx Kopa6neM aMepMKaHCKOM 3CKap;pbi? 5I HaiiMCaJI B MMHMCTepCTBO cpnora CiliA B BarnMHrroH M 3arrpocMJI HY)l(Hbie MHe 6yMarM, HO IIOJiyqMJI OTpMIJ;aTeJibHbiM OTBeT. B focy,n;apcrBeHHOM apXMBe, O,!l;HaKO, OKa3aJIC.ll )KypHaJI cpnarMaHCKOfO KOpa6JI.ll 6pMTaHCKOfO cpliOTa «Bynbcp», KOTOpbiM Bell rrepecrpenKy c aMepMKaHCKOM 3CKa,n;poM 3a ,n;eHb ,!1;0 TOro, KaK 3aTOHYJIM «X3MMJITOH» M «CKep,n;)K». Mo)Ker JIM rrpe,n;craBJI.llTh KaKOM -TO MHTepec KOIIM.ll cyp;OBOfO )KypHaJia «Bynbcpa»? 516biJI yBepeH, qro MO)KeT. 5I raK M He Y3HaJI MM.ll 6pMraHcKoro ocpMu;epa, cro.llBrnero B Kapayne Ha rrany6e «Bynbcpa» B ro poKOBoe yrpo - BOcKpeceHbe 8 aBrycra 1813 ro,n;a, HO MCIIbiTbiBaiO K HeMy 6e3MepHyiO 6naro,n;apHOCTb: OH aKKyparHO BHeC B )KypHaJI BCe, qro YBMp;eJI. «Yrpo. JierKMM, rrepeMeHHhiM Berep, oqeHh rerrJia.ll rroro,n;a. 5 qacoB: 3aJIMB copoKOBOM MMJIM Ha paCCTO.llHMM 8 MMJib IOfO-IOf0-3aiiap;, Berep CIOra. Ha 3arra,n;e rro JieBoMy 6opry BM,n;Ha 3CKa,n;pa Bpara, Ha paccro.llHMM 4-5 JIMr. Mbi rrocraBMJIM rrapyca M IIOBepHyJIMCb K HeM ... ». 3aJIMB copoKOBOM MMJIM Bee eiiJ;e cyiiJ;ecrByer ITO ,!I; TeM )Ke Ha3BaHMeM - OH HaXO,!l;MTC.ll B 3arrap;HOM qacrM o3epa 0HrapMo, y ero IO)KHOro 6epera, B03Jie ropo,n;Ka fpMMC6M. Y rpoM 8 aBrycra 1813 ro,n;a rro3MIJ;M.ll «Bynbcpa» 6bma 8 MMJib ceBep-ceBepoBocroK or ycrb.ll 3aJIMBa. EcJIM cMorperb orcro,n;a, aMepMKaHcKa.ll 3CKa,n;pa pacrronaranach Ha roroBocroKe, a paccro.llHMe «4-5 JIMr>> cocraBJI.ller 12-15 MMJib. TaKMM o6pa30M, 5I orrpe,n;eJIMJI 30HY IIOMCKa, HO ocraBanacb o,n;Ha He6oJibilla.ll rrpo6neMa. 3arrMCb B )KypHaJie «Bynhcpa» 6hma c,n;enaHa B 5 yrpa, rrpMMepHo qepe3 qerbipe qaca, rrocne roro KaK «X3MMJITOH» M «CKep,n;)K» 3aTOHYJIM. CKOJibKO MMJib rrpOillJIM aMepMKaHCKMe IllXYHbl 3a 3TO BpeM.ll? OrBer MHe ,n;an He,n; MaMepc: HM op;HOM. B poMaHe Kyrrepa, He,n;a rro,n;o6panM K roMy MOMeHry, KaK 3aTOHYJI eiiJ;e O,!l;MH KOpa6Jib aMepMKaH124
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC • MAM 2012
u;eB- «~)KYJIM.ll». ITpocrraB HeCKOJibKO qacoB, He,n; BbiilleJI Ha rrany6y OKOJIO 6 yrpa M YBMp;eJI CIJ;eHy, KOTOpyiD HeB03MO)KH0 6hiJIO 3a6biTb: «3a qachi, rrporne,n;rnMe c MOMeHra KpyrneHM.ll, 3CKa,n;pa rroqrM He c,n;BMHynach c Mecra ... Mhi rrpoIIJibiBaJIM MMMO MHOfOqMCJieHHbiX CBM,!l;eTeJibCTB HarneM rparep;MM. I10BCID,!l;y Ha IIOBepXHOCTM BO,!l;bl 6hiJIM pa36pocaHhi o6noMKM rrany6 M Maqr, cerM, IllJI.lliibl. .. )) 9ro 3HaqMJIO, qro KOOp,!l;MHaTbl aMepMKaHCKOM 3CKap;pbi, 3acpMKCMpOBaHHbie Ha «Bynbcpe», COBIIap;aJIM CKOOp,!l;MHaTaMM «X3MMJITOHa» M «CKep,!l;)Ka». ITopa 6bmo HaqMHaTb rroMCKM rro,n; Bo,n;oM. ITpMH.llB BO BHMMaHMe 3HaqMreJihHYID rrorrpaBKY Ha rrorpernHOCTh B pacqerax Mecra KpyrneHM.ll, 5I OTMeTMJI Ha Kapre p;Ha 03epa 0HrapMO reppMTOpMID IIJIOIIJ;a,!l;b!O 82 KBa,n;paTHbiX KMJIOMerpa, Ha KoropoM, KaK 5I cqMraJI, ,n;OJI)l(Hbi Jie)KaTb garoHyBrnMe Kopa6JIM. 3areM rrorrpocMJI I1Mrepa Cna.ll M ero KOJIJier o rrepBoM M3 MHoroqMcJieHHbiX ycnyr M Bee OHM, crrerny c 6naro,n;apHOCThiD 3aMeTMTh, 6hiJIM MHe IIJ;ep;po OKa3aHbl.
B
HAlllM )J;HM CTAH)J;APTHbiJ1: CIIOCOE IIOMCKa MecropaCIIOJIO)KeHM.ll 3aTOHYBIllMX Kopa6JieM - Mccne,n;oBaHMe ,n;Ha rro,n;BO,!l;HhiM MarHMTOMerpoM. Ero ceHcopbi Moryr orrpe,n;eJIMTb 3HaqMreJibHoe cKorrneHMe )KeJie3a, HarrpMMep rryrneK, Ha 6oJibillMX my6MHax. Kor,n;a 3aTOHYBillMM 06'heKT HaMp;eH, qaiiJ;e BCero ,!l;JI.ll OIIpe,n;eJieHM.ll ero pa3Mepa M oqepraHMM MCIIOJib3YIDT rM,!l;pOJIOKaTOp 60KOBOfO 063opa. Y crreu;MaJIMCTOB KaHa,n;cKoro u;eHrpa MMeJIC.ll TaKOM fM,!l;pOJIOKaTop, a TaK)Ke CMCTeMbl HaBMfaiJ;MM M 3aiiMCM p;aHHbiX, M OHM COrJiaCMJIMCb rrpe,n;ocraBMTb o6opy,n;oBaHMe MHe, BMecre c MCcne,n;oBareJihCKMM cy,n;HOM. EIIJ;e 6onee u;eHHbiM rrpMo6pereHMeM 6bm caM I1Mrep CnaM, craBrnMM BMpryanbHbiM yqacrHMKOM HarnMx rroMcKOB. B351B HaiipOKaT MafHMTOMerp, Mbl HaKOHeiJ; IIpMCTYIIMJIM K ,n;eny. ITocne HeCKOJihKMx rrpo6HhiX rrorrbiTOK B 1972 ro,n;y oceHhiD 1973-ro Mhi HaqaJIM rroJIHOMacrnra6Hoe IIO,!l;BO,!l;HOe MCCJiep;OBaHMe. ITepBbie pe3yJibTaTbi oKa3aJIMCb HeyrernMreJibHbiMM. Cpe,n;M MHoroqMcJieHHbiX Haxo,n;oK, c,n;enaHHbiX MarHMTOMerpoM, rM,n;ponoKarop orrpe,n;eJIMJI rpy,n;y CTaJibHbiX 6aJIOK ,!l;Jl.ll MOCTa, yrraBillMX C
3a HeCKOllbKO MUHy_m omn
rpy3oBoro cyp;Ha HeCKOJibKitiMiti rop;aMiti paHee, Iti pa36pocaHHbie ITO BCeMy p;Hy yqe6Hble apTitiJIJiepitiHCKitie CHap.Hp;bi B TOM qacTiti o3epa, rp;e rrpoxo,IJ;ItiJIIti yqeHiti.li KaHap;cKitiX BOMCK BO BpeMeHa BTopo:H MitipOBOM BOMHbl. I1 BOT, 3a Hep;emo p;o ItiCTeqeHiti.H cpoKa apeH,IJ;bi cyp;Ha, Korp;a rrepBOHaqaJibHO orrpep;eJieHHa.H TeppitiTOpiti.H 6hma y)l(e Iti3yqeHa, MeH.H oceHitiJIO. Ilpep;rroJIO)I(ItiM, oqmu;ep c «ByJih¢a» HerrpaBitiJibHO orrpep;eJIItiJI paCCTO.liHitie ,!1;0 aMepitiKaHCKOM 3CKap;pbi. A Bp;pyr Bpa)l(eCKitie Kopa6JIIti Haxop;ItiJIItiCb B rroJIHbiX 15 MitiJI.liX K BOCTOKY OT «ByJih¢a»? Torp;a OHitl ,IJ;OJI)I(Hbl 6biJIIt1 yMTitl Ha HOqb B ycTbe Hitiarapbi
rrop; 3aiu;ItiTY p;py)l(eCTBeHHbiX opyp;Iti:H ¢opTa Hitiarapa. Ha cJiep;yiOiu;ee yTpo 5I rrorrpocitiJI cMeCTitiTb rroitiCKiti qyTb p;aJihiiie Ha 3arrap; OT Haiiie:H 3apaHee orrpep;eJieHHOM 30Hbi. BpeMeHiti ocTaBaJIOCb Mallo, Iti Mbi ItiCKaJIItiJIItiiiib CIIOMOiu;biO mp;pOJIOKaTopa. Bo BpeM.li IIOCJiep;HeM rrorrhiTKiti rrpiti6op 3apemcTpitipoBaJI HaJIItiqitie KaKoro-To KpyrrHoro o6'heKTa Ha my6ItiHe OKOJIO coTHiti MeTpoB Ha p;He o3epa. Mbi He pacrroJiaraJIIti BpeMeHeM ,!l;ll.ll p;aJibHeMIIIItiX ItiCCJie,IJ;OBaHitiM, II03TOMY JIItllllb OTMeTitiJIItl 3TO MeCTO B )l(ypHaJie It1 HeXOT.li IIOBepHyJIIti K 6epery. Bbi6opa y HaC He 6bmo - rrpiti6JIIti)I(aJiacb 3ItiMa. IIOJ!ICKJ!I 3ATOHYBIIIJ!IX KOPABJIEM 1812 fO,O:A
12 5
IToMCKM y,n;anoch B03o6HOBMTh JIMlllh ,n;Ba ro,n;a
crrycTR.
Y KaHa,n;cKoro
u;eHTpa BHyTpeHHMx Bop;
KOTOpOM 6hiJIM pa3JIO)KeHhl HeCKOJihKO 3aiiMCeJ1: rroKa3aTeneJ1: JIOKaTopa.
6biJIO MHOfO Ba)KHbiX rrpoeKTOB, M Mbl MOfliM MC-
B 6oJihHMu;e CBRToJ1: EKaTepMHhi, MHe rro3BOHMJI
3
I1MTep CJiaH. Ero TOH 6hiJI CIIOKOeH M HeB03MY-
MJIO pap;M 3TOfO IIpMe3)KaTh CIOp;a?»
IIOJib30BaTb cyp;HO M ITOMCKOBOe o6opyp;oBaHMe, TOJihKO KOrp;a 3TO 1103BOJIRJIM 06CTORTeJihCTBa. B MIOne
1975 ro,n;a, Kor,n;a R rrpMHMMaJI rrau;MeHTa
TMM, HO R rroqyBCTBOBaJI B ero fOJIOCe CKpbiTOe
BOJIHeHMe.
Ba pa3JIMqMMhie TeHM, a rrpeKpaCHO oqepqeHHhie CMJIY3Thi lllXYH XIX BeKa.
«Hy KaK, ~3H, - crrpocMJI, yJihi6aRch, PMq, - cTo-
~a, 3TO CTOMJIO ,D;a)Ke qeTbipex JieT IIOIIbiTOK M pa3oqapoBaHMH.
«PMq ToMac, MOM KOJIJiera, Ha 6opTy "JIMMHO-
,
6
Ca MCCJie,D;OBaJI fM,D;pOJIOKaTOpOM TOT 0 'heKT, KOTOpbiH Bbl OTMeTMJIM B
TO EbiJIJ1 KOPAEJIJ1. He KpollleqHbie, e,n;-
1973
ro,n;y. Kopa6Jib rrpM-
J1 R 3HaJI, qTo Brrepe,n;M 6y,n;eT eiiJ;e
6oJibllle pa6oThi. Mbi rroKa He MorJIM ,n;oKa3aTh, qTO 3TM KOpa6JIM - p;eHCTBMTeJihHO «X3MMJITOH» M «CKep,D;)K». IJpM BCeM MX COBepllleHCTBe, CHMMKM
lllBapTOBaH y rrepBoro ll1JIID3a Ha KaHane BennaH,n;.
fM,D;pOJIOKaTOpa He MOfliM TOqHO orrpep;eJIMTb, qTO
Y HaC eCTb KOe-qTO, qTO MO)KeT BaC 3aMHTepecO-
3TO 3a Kopa6JIM. PaHo MJIM rro3p;Ho HaM Heo6xo-
BaTh. Bhi CMO)KeTe K HaM Bhr6paThCR?», - crrpocMJI
,D;MMO 6hiJIO 06CJie,D;OBaTh MX Ha MeCTe C IIOMOIIJ;biD
CnaH:.
BO,D;OJia30B MJIM IIO,D;BO,LJ;HbiX arrrrapaTOB, yrrpaBmi-
Ha Kopa6ne MeHR y)Ke )K,D;aJIM. ITo,n;oH:,n;R K Tparry, R YBMp;en PMqa M BCID KOMaH,n;y, BhiCTpoMBlllYID-
eMhiX BpyqHyiO JIM60 ,D;MCTaHIJ;MOHHO. Ha CJiep;yiDID;MH rop; B HOR6pe IIORBMJiaCb TaKaR
cR y rrepMJI. Bee ynhr6aJIMCh, KaK OTpR,n; qelllMpcKMX
B03MO)KHOCTh, Kor,n;a KaHa,n;cKMH u;eHTP BHyTpeH-
KOTOB. He fOBOpR HM CJIOBa, MeHR rrpOBO,D;MJIM B
HMX BO,D; HaqaJI MCIIbiTaHMR HOBOfO IIO,D;BO,D;HOfO
pyneByiD py6Ky M ITO,D;BeJIM K pa6oqeMy CTOJiy, Ha
arrrrapaTa
126
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC • MAM 2012
TROV,
co3p;aHHoro Me)K,n;yHapop;HhiM
Oow-t uJ aocbMepbtX cnacumxCJc co «CKepoJICa », Heo Mauepc, paccKaJaJZ ucmopwo mpazeouu nucamemo Jl,JICeuMcy <PeHuMopy Kynepy, u mom BKJZ10'1.Ull ee a caou KJZaccu'f.ecKuu MopcKOU poMaH «Heo Mauepc, UJZU )f(uJHb noo napycaMU». IIoMUHymHblU om11.em o npouaueouteM, Ha'f.uHaJC co utmopMa, nocJZyJICuJZ xyooJICHUKY Pu11.apoy liiJZexmy ucmo'f.HUKOM uHifyopMat-!UU OJZJC aoccOJoaHUJC KapmuHbt Kamacmpoifybt. IIOHCKH 3ATOHYBIIIHX KOPAEJIEM 1812 fO,[IA
12 7
MHCTMTYTOM rro,n;Bo,n;Horo MaiiiMHOCTpoeHMR EpMTaHcKo:H KonyM6MM. Ha HeM 6hma yCTaHOBJieHa TeJieBM3MOHHaR KaMepa, KOTopyiO y,n;aJIOCb HarrpaBMTb Ha o6'beKT: II03:>Ke BbiRCHMJIOCb, qTo 3TO 6biJia KOpMOBaR qacTb «X3MMJITOHa». IToKa Mbi cM,n;eJIM, rrpHKOBaHHhie K 3KpaHy,
TROV rroKa3hiBaJI
HaM rraHopaMy 6peBeH, pynR,
OCTOBa KOpa6JIR, OCTaTKOB qeJIOBeqecKMX CKeJieTOB M, CaMOe Ba:>KHOe, - OTKpbiTOfO RIIJ;MKa C rryiiieq-
HbiMM R,n;paMM . Kor,n;a oH rroRBMJICR Ha 3KpaHe, R He y,n;ep:>KaJICR OT aiiJIO,li;MCMeHTOB, qeM oqeHb y,n;MBMJI ,lJ;:>KeKa
Poy, orrepaTopa
TROV:
«qTo TaKoro oco6eHHoro
B rryiiieqHbiX R,n;pax?» - He,n;oyMeBaJI OH. «f1yiiieqHOe R,ll;pO MJIM IIYIIIKa - HeBa:>KHO, - OTBeTMJI 51. - Jl1060e M3 HMX - ,ll;OKa3aTeJibCTBO TOfO, qTO Mbl BM,ll;MM rrepe,n; C060M "X3MMJITOH" MJIM "CKep,n;:>K': ITocne BOMHbi, B M Coe,n;MHeHHbie
III TaT hi
1817 ro,n;y,
IIIeqHbie R,n;pa, ,ll;OJI:>KHbl 6biJIM 3aTOHYTb He II03:>Ke BpeMeH BOMHbi
1812 ro,n;a.
Ce:Hqac Bbi BM,ll;MTe BO-
opy:>KeHHYIO IIIxyHy, a Be,n;b M3BeCTHO, qTo JIMIIIb
EpHTaHMR
,ll;Be M3 HMX 6biJIM IIOTepRHbl B 3TOM paMOHe BO Bpe-
AMepMKM rro,n;rrMcaJIM
MR BOMHbi - "X3MMJIToH" M "CKep,n;:>K': 3HaqMT, 3TO
CornaiiieHMe Paiiia- Baron. 0Ho ¢aKTJ1qecKM pa3opy:>KMJIO Bee Kopa6JIM Ha BeJIMKMX o3epax,
TOqHo O,ll;Ha M3 HMX».
5I
OTMeTMJI, qTo KOpa6Jib coxpaHMJICR B OT-
3a pe,n;KMM MCKJIIOqeHMeM. ITo3TOMY JII06bie 3aTo-
JIJ1qHOM COCTORHMM. qepe3 BM,ll;eOCMCTeMy rrpH-
HYBIIIMe cy,n;a, Ha KOTOpbiX 6biJIM IIYIIIKM MJIM rry-
6opa 6biJIO BM,li;HO: KOprryc M OCHaCTKa rroqTM He
128
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC • MAM 2012
((BoKpyz pa3oaaanucb KpuKu MopHKOB, 6op10w,uxcH C BOJlHaMU.
51 yauoen ttellOBeKa 603Jle JlOOKU ... 6po-
CUllCH K 6opmy U nomHHYll 6eOHH2Y 3a UlUBopom. OH 6btll eo aa J/CUBOU, u Jl c mpyooM nepeaal!Ull ezo ttepe3 6opm. 51 oznHoencH u cHoaa ycnbtutan tteu-mo zonae: u 3mozo ttenoaeKa H Bbtmaw,un 3a muaopom,
c maKuM JKe mpyooM ... » ( u3 poMaHa J(JKeuMca Kynepa ((Heo Mauepc, UllU )Ku3Hb noo napycaMU» ).
Jier1: M MeTOAbi CTpoMTeJibCTBa. Kopa6JiecTpoMTeJIM IIJIOTHMKM 6oJibllie AOBep.HJIM CBOMM MHCTMHKTaM, qeM qepTe:>KHOH AOCKe, M oqeHb HeMHOfMe MX 3HaHM.H OCTaJIMCb 3a¢MKCHpOBaHHbiMM Ha 6yMare. M
TioJiyqaeTC.H, «X3MMJITOH» M «CKepA:>K» - OTJIMqHbie TpexMepHbie o6pa3u;hi, COAep:>Karn;Me 6oraTbiH M Kpar1He u;eHHbiH MCTOpMqecKMH MaTepMaJI. Bm.HAbiBaTbC.H B rrocTO.HHHO KOJie6morn;yiOc.H KapTMHKy, rrepeAaBaeMyiO arrrrapaToM, - Bee paBHO qTO CMOTpeTb B OKHO rrpeKpaCHOfO 3aJia My3e.H ¢JioTa, rrocB.HIIJ;eHHoro XIX BeKy. KaKoe-To BpeM.H y Hac He 6hiJIO pa3perneHM.H BOMTM B 3TOT My3er1, rroToMy qTo ¢JioT CiliA M rroJITopa BeKa crrycT.H Bee ern;e ocTaBaJic.H o¢Mu;MaJibHbiM BJiaAeJibu;eM «X3MMJITOHa» M «CKepA:>Ka». q T06bi Mbl MOfJIM M3YqMTb MJIM IIOAH.HTb KOpa6JIM, rrpaBa Ha HMX AOJI:>KHbi 6hiJIM 6hiTb o¢Mu;MaJibHO rrepeAaHbl COOTBeTCTBYIOIIJ;eH KaHaACKOH IIOCTpaAaJIM OT TOfO, qTO 160 JieT rrpoJie:>KaJIM B XOJIOAHOH BOAe. KaK IIOATBepAMJIOCb rr03AHee, Ha KOpa6Jie BCe OCTaJIOCb TOqHO TaK :>Ke, KaK B MO-
opraHM3au;MM. HaqaJIMCb rreperoBopbi, M rrpM COAeHCTBMM Hau;MoHaJihHoro reorpa¢MqecKoro o6rn;ecTBa K
MeHT ero rM6eJIM - rryrnKM B 6oeBOH fOTOBHOCTM,
1979 fOAY BCe ¢opMaJibHOCTM 6biJIM yJia:>KeHbl.
cJio:>KeHHhie p.HAOM RApa, a6opAa:>KHhie ca6JIM M
EJiaroAap.H ,U:>KoHy A. MaKAOHaJibAy, B TO BpeM.H M3PY ropoAa X3MMJITOH rrpoBMHu;MM 0HTapMo, M BMJib.HMY M. MaKKaJIJioxy, qJieHy ropOACKOH yrrpaBbl M 3HaTOKY KaHaACKOH MCTOpHH, rrpaBa Ha «X3MMJITOH» M «CKepA:>K» 6biJIM rrepeAaHbi ropOAY
TOIIOpbi IIOA PYKOH. 9TOT KOpa6Jib 6biJI HaCTO.HIIJ;eH MeqTOH apxeoJIOra. Bo BpeMeHa rrepBbiX rroceJieHu;eB MaJio qTo AOKyMeHTHpOBaJIOCb, B TOM qJ1cJie AM3aHH KOpa6-
IIOJ!ICKJ!I 3ATOHYBIIIJ!IX KOPA6JIEH1812 fO,O:A
129
X3MHJITOHy, pacrrorraraBineMycR Herro,n;arreKy OT
KarrHTaH KycTo Haqarr pa6oTy Hap; cpHllhMOM, ,n;eM:-
MecTa KpyrneHHR. ITo3p;Hee ropo,n; oKa3aJI ~e,n;py10
CTBHe KOTOporo rrpOHCXO,Il;HllO B TOM qJicJie M Ha
cpHHaHCOBYIO rro,n;,n;ep)KKY HaiiiHM HCCJiep;oBaHHRM
BerrHKHX o3epax. OH ycrrhiiiiarr o «X3MHJITOHe» M
M p;a)Ke OTBell )KJIBOIIHCHYIO
IIJIO~ap;Ky,
Ha KOTO-
«CKepp;)Ke» M 3aXOTell B3fliRHYTh Ha H306pa)KeHHR
pyiO MO)KHO 6hiJIO 6hi yCTaHOBHTb KOpa6JIH, eCJIM
Kopa6rreJ1:, c,n;erraHHhie rH,n;porroKaTopoM. Kor,n;a R
6hi HX yp;aJIOCh IIO,Il;HRTb.
IIOKa3all eMy HeCKOllhKO CHHMKOB, OH BOCKllHKHyll:
B TO )Ke BpeMR crreu;HaJIHCThi KaHa,n;cKoro u;eHTpa BHJTpeHHHX BO,Il; COCTaBHllH IIOllHYIO KapTy Me-
«Mbl ,Il;OJl)KHbl Ty,n;a IIOIIaCTh!»
J1
BOT ceHTR6phCKHM YTPOM rrepe,n; HaMH c
TROV rroKa3arrH:
<DarrhKO rrpe,n;cTarr «X3MHJITOH». Mbi HarrpaBHJIH
,n;Ho o3epa 6hmo HaCTOllhKO MYTHhiM OT oca,n;Ka,
arrrrapaT B,Il;Ollb KOprryca KOpa6JIR, OT KOpMbl K HO-
qTo cpOTO- M BMp;eoc'beMKY C 6JIH3KOfO paCCTORHHR
COBOM qacTH.
CTa KpyiiieHHR. HaiiiH orrhiThi c
rrpHIIIllOCb orpaHJiqJITb. 3TOT cpaKT rroqTJI CTO-
BhifllR,Il;hiBaR qepe3 cMoTpoBoe OTBepcTHe,
Hll MHe M Arrh6epTy <DarrhKO YHHKallbHoro BH,n;a
<l>allbKO HeO)KJI,Il;aHHO CTOllKHYllCR C rrpeKpaCHOM
«X3MHllTOHa».
)KeH~HHOM- pe3HOM cpHrypoJ1: Ha Hocy «X3MHll-
Arrh6epT <DarrhKO - pyrreBoJ1: «CyKyrra», rro,n;-
TOHa». BHaqarre, KaK R y)Ke roBopHrr, Kopa6rrh Ha-
BO,n;Horo arrrrapaTa, IIOKa3aHHOf0 B 3HaMeHHTbiX
3hiBarrcR «~HaHa», CXO,Il;CTBa pe3HOM cpHrypbi IIO,Il;
cpHllhMaX cppaHIJ;Y3CKOf0 IIO,Il;BO,Il;HOfO HCCJiep;OBa-
6yiiirrpHTOM C aHTJiqHOM 6orHHeM He 3aMeTHTb
TeJIR }l{aKa KycTo. JleToM
COCTaBJIRllH KapTy C
1980 ro,n;a, Kor,n;a Mhi e~e
IIOMO~biO
fH,Il;pOllOKaTopa,
6hiJIO Hellb3R. <l>aJibKO 6biJI BOCXH~eH.
«Ah,
la, magnifique! Charmante! Fantastique!»-
[a,
M3 He-
fO TaK M JIMJIMeb raJIJiheKMe KOMIIJIMMeHTbl. «Bee
oKoJio eTa MeTpoB. )KMTeJIM X9MMJITOHa MoryT
TpMp;IJ;aTb JieT, qTo Jl 3aHMMaiOeb p;aHBMHfOM, -
oeo6eHHO MMM ropp;MTbeJI, Be,IJ;b MX ropop; M rrpa-
rrpM3HaJieJI oH II03)1(e, - JI MeqTaJI YBMp;eTb qTo-
BMTeJibeTBO rrpOBMHIJ;MM 0HTapMO rrpo<!>MHaHeM-
HM6yp;b eTOJih )l(e rrpeKpaCHoe. CrraeM6o, mon ami,
poBaJIM 6oJihiiiYIO qaeTh Haiiiero rrpoeKTa.
3a TO, qTO Tbl MeiiOJIHMJI MOIO MeqTy». Iloene Toro rrorpy)l(eHMJI BMeCTe e <DaJihKO JI
Ha eHMMKax BM,IJ;HO, qTo Koprryea «X9MMJITOHa» M «CKepp;)l(a» rroqTM He IIOCTpap;aJIM: HM Ha KMJIJIX,
60Jibiiie HMKOrp;a He orryeKaJieJI Ha MeCTO Kpy-
HM Ha 06IIIMBKe HeT HMKaKMX BM,IJ;MMbiX IIOBpe)l(-
IIIeHMJI, HO Jl MeeJie,IJ;OBaJI ero TaK IIO,!l;p06HO, KaK
p;eHMH. CHaeTM o6oMx Kopa6net1: eMhiJIO Bop;oH:,
6yp;To JIMqHo rrpoiiieJI rro rrany6aM Kopa6net1:.
eJIOMaHHbie 6aJIKM B 6eerrop.Hp;Ke BaJIJIIOTeJI Ha
C rroMOIIJ;hiO rrop;Bop;Horo 30Hp;a, eKoHeTpyMpo-
rrany6ax. Ho TpM-qeTbipe MaqThi Bee eiiJ;e eTOJIT,
BaHHoro 29-JieTHMM reHMeM ::meKTpoHMKM KpMeoM
eTeHbfM TO)I(e B OeHOBHOM eoxpaHMJIMeb. Ka)l(eT-
HMKOJICOHOM, M p;MeTaHIJ;MOHHO yrrpaBJIJieMoro arr-
eJI, qTo IIOeJie He60JibiiiOfO peMOHTa 9TM eOJIM,IJ;Hbie
rrapaTa HaM yp;aJIOeb rrpOHMKHYTb eKB03b o6JiaKO
KOpa6JIM eHOBa MO)I(HO erryeKaTb Ha Bop;y.
IIO,!l;BO,!l;HOfO oeap;Ka M HaBeeTM KaMepy Ha Mp;eaJibHO eoxpaHMBIIIMeeJI B XOJIO,IJ;HOH BO,IJ;e KOpa6JIM.
B JII06oM enyqae MeTopMJI «X9MMJITOHa» M «CKepp;)l(a» p;aneKo He oKoHqeHa. Brrepep;M eiiJ;e
30H,IJ; e KaMepotf rrpO,!l;OJI)I(MJI MeeJie,IJ;OBaHMe
MHOfO p;eJI, M, KaK eKa3aJI MaTpOe, M3MeHMBIIIMH
«X9MMJITOHa» M «CKepp;)l(a», OT HOea ,!1;0 KOpMbl.
MOIO )I(M3Hh, - Hep; Matfepe, - «JI paeeKa3aJI o
Cetfqae Mbi o6nap;aeM eaMbiMM p;eTaJibHbiMM M30-
rrpOIIIJIOM TaK rrpaB,IJ;MBO, KaK TOJibKO MOf. 0 6y-
6pa)l(eHMJIMM Kopa6net1:, Jie)l(aiiJ;MX Ha rny6MHe
p;yiiJ;eM JIMIIIb 6ory M3BeeTHO .. . ».
D
«X3MUllmOH» HecMompJC Ha Heyoatty Ha 03epe 0Hmapuo, paHbtue u «X3MUllmoH», u «CKepoJIC» yttacm6o6anu 6 ycnetuHbtX amaKax Ha MopK (maK mozoa Ha3bt6allCJl TopoHmo) u <Popm Jl.JICopoJIC. Jl.nJC 6JlUJ/CHezo 6oJC Ha «X3MUllmOHe» ucnonb306anucb KopomKocm60llbHbte KappoHaObt (Ha6epxy). Tpaouu,uoHHbte nymKu ycmaHa6llU6a!lucb Ha cmepJ/CHe 6 cepeouHe Kopa6nJC (cnpa6a). IIOMCKM 3ATOHYBIIIMX KOPABJIEH 1812 fO,O:A
131
TeKcm: KAPJI 3J1MMEP
Mnmocmpa~uu: EPAMAH KPMCTM
HAWA 06 PYKA
~r
.........j·~
KMCTh pyKM - 3TO opraH, c rroMorn;hiO KOToporo u
Mbl II03HaeM peaJibHbiJ1 MMp. ITpvmm1BaeM ero K ce6e MJIM OTTaJIKMBaeM. Mbi, JIIO,!l;M, noJih3yeMcR pyKaMM, qTo6bi pa3BO,!l;MTb KOcTpbi M IIIMTb JIOCKYTHbie o,n;eJIJia, ynpaBJIRTb CaMOJieTaMM M Bbipe3aTb onyxoJIM, cTyqaTh no KJiaBMType KOMnbiOTepa. KoHeqHo, yHMKaJihHbiM Haiii 6MoJiorMqecKMM BM,Il; ,n;eJiaeT qeJIOBeqecKMM M03f C ero 6eCKOHeqHbiMM TBopqecKMMM B03MO:>KHOCTRMM, HO, He 6y,n;b y HaC pyK, BCe BeJIMKMe MbiCJIM, po:>K,n;eHHbie M03fOM, OCTaBaJIMCb 6bi JIMIIIb HeBOnJIOIIJ;eHHbiMM M,Il;eRMM. IJpJ:IqJ:IHa, no KOTOpOif Mbl MO:>KeM COBepiiiaTb pyKaMM MHO:>KeCTBO ,n;eifCTBMM, 3aKJIIOqaeTCR B y,n;MBMTeJibHOM aHaTOMMM HaiiiMX BepXHMX KOHeqHoCTeif. Ilo,n; KO:>Keif CKpbiBaeTCR CJIO:>KHeifiiiee nepenJieTeHMe TKaHeif. 0,n;HMM TOJibKO 6oJibiiiMM naJibiJ;eM ynpaBJIRIOT ,n;eBRTb pa3HbiX MbiiiiiJ;. HeKoTopbie M3 HMX KpenRTCR K KOCTRM KMCTM, ,n;pyrMe yxo,n;RT B npe,n;nJieqbe. 3anRCTbe npe,n;cTaBJIJieT co6oif nO,!l;BM:>KHbiM KOMnJieKC KOCTeif M CBR30K, npOHM3aHHbiM
CKeneT nepeAH~x KOHe'-1-
KpOBeHOCHbiMM cocy,n;aMM M HepBaMM. 0TCIO,!l;a OTpOCTKM HepBOB paCXO,!l;RTCR
HOCTe~ y CaMbiX pa3HbiX
K KoHqJ:IKY Ka:>K,n;oro nanhu;a. PyKa cnoco6Ha coBepiiiaTh KaK MeJihqaifiiiMe
n03BOHO'-IHbiX- OT ns:Jry-
M TOqHbie, TaK M pa3MaiiiMCTbie M MOIIJ;Hble ,Il;BM:>KeHMR. qaCOBIIJ;MK MO:>KeT
weK AO CnOHOB , OT neTY-
ycTaHaBJIMBaTb Ha MeCTO MMKpOCKOnJ:IqecKMe ,n;eTaJIM; no,n;aiOIIJ;MM B 6eifc6o-
'-I~X MbiWe~ AOniOAe~
Jie nOJib3yeTCR TeM :>Ke aHaTOMJ:IqecKMM MeXaHM3MOM, qTo6bi nOCbiJiaTb MJ!q
(cnpaBa)- ~MeeT OA~H
CO CKOpOCTbiO
160 KMJIOMeTpOB B qac.
~TOT
PyKa - HaCTOJibKO 3aMeqaTeJibHoe npMcnoco6neHMe, qTo M3BeCTHbiM IIIOTJiaH,!l;CKMM XMpypr C3p qapJI3 EeJIJI B
1833 ro,n;y ,n;a:>Ke HanMCaJI KHMry, no-
>Ke nnaH
CTpOeH~s:l:
cpanaHr~ nanbl..leB coeA~Hs:liOTCs:l
C KOCTs:lM~
CBRIIJ;eHHYIO 3TOMY opraHy M o3amaBJieHHYIO «KMCTb pyKM, ee MexaHMKa M
3ans:JCTbs:l, aTe
Ba:>KHeMIIIMe OC06eHHOCTM KaK ,!l;OKa3aTeJibCTBO 6o:>KeCTBeHHOf0 3aMbiCJia» .
IOT K ABYM KOCTs:lM npeA-
B TO BpeMR HaqJ:IHaJIM pacnpocTpaHRTbCR 3BOJIIOIJ;MOHHbie M,n;eM, HO EeJIJI no-
nne'-lbs:l , KOTOpble
np~nera
~AYT
naraJI, qTo BHMMaTeJihHbiM B3rJIR,n; Ha ycTpoifcTBo pyKM cnoco6eH pa3BeRTb
K OAHO~ An~HHO~ KOCT~,
no,n;o6Hhie mynhie 3a6ny:>K,n;eHMR. «0Ha RBJIReT co6o:H nocne,n;Hee M HaMJiyq-
coYneHeHHO~ c nneYe-
IIIee ,!l;OKa3aTeJibCTBO npMHIJ;Mna npMcnoco6JIJieMOCTM KaK CBM,!l;eTeJibCTBa
BbiM CyCTaBOM.
6o:>KeCTBeHHoro TBopeHMR», - nMcaJI oH. B ,n;oBo,n;ax Eenna 6bmo JIMIIIb o,n;Ho CJia6oe MeCTO: OH He o6'bRCHRJI, noqeMy y ,n;pyrMX :>KMBbiX cyw;ecTB TO:>Ke eCTb KMCTM. Be,n;b HMKTO :>Ke He COMHeBaeTCR, qTO nJITb naJibiJ;eB, KOTOpbiMM 3aKaHqJ:IBaeTCR pyKa opaHryTaHa, - 3TO MMeHHO KMCTb, M HMqTO MHOe.
132
KOCTYI
mcmb
HeCKOllbKO
AEJlbcJ)~H AcJ)AJl~HA Aenbcpi-1Hbl npolt130Wnl-1 OT cyxonyrHbiX KOnbiTHbiX MneKOnlt1TaiOll.\I-1X, KOTOpble nepe6panlt1Cb B MOpe OKono
50 Ml-1nnl-1oHoB neT Ha3aA.
KonbiTa npeA-
KOB npeBpaTit1nlt1Cb B nnaBHI-1KI-1 , 6naroAaPH KOTOpbiM Aenbcpi-1Hbl CTanl-1 I-1CKYCHbiMI-1 nnOBL.(aMI-1.
Y pa3HbiX Blt1AOB
nnaBHI-1KI-1 np1-1cnoco6neHbl
K pa3HbiM nOTpe6HOCTS1M I-1X 06naAaTene~ : Anlt1HHble 1-1 y3Kit1e xopow1-1 AnH 6biCTPbiX nnOBL\OB , a Wi-1p0Kit1e 1-1 KOpOTKI-1e- AnH TeX, KOMY HY}I{HO MaHeBpi-1pOBaTb B orpaHit1YeHHOM npoCTpaHCTBe 1-1 COBepwaTb pe3Kit1e nOBOpOTbl.
(
AOMAWHSISI KOWKA
llSirYWKA
Ha nanbu,ax KoweK pacryr Am1HHble f130rHy-
3a BpeM~ 3BOniOU,f'lf1 nO~Bf'lnf'lCb TbiC~4f1 Bf-lAOB
Tble KOrTf-1. oOnbWYIO 4aCTb BpeMeHf-1 CB~3Kf1,
n~ryweK ,
nanKf-1 KOTOpbiX nperepnenf-1 pa3Hble
f-lAYll.\f'le nosepx KOCTe~. YAep}l{f'lBaiOT KOrTf-1
f13MeHeHf1~ , 3aBf1C~ll.\f'le OT TOro, KaKf'le Ae~CT足
cnp~TaHHbiMf-1 B CBOeo6pa3HbiX HO}I{HaX.
Bf-1~ cosepwaJOT f-lMf-1 o6naAaTenbHf1U,bl.
nos~ A06bl4y, KOWKa nOAnpblrf'lBaeT Ha 3aA-
YBf-lAOB, 06f1Tal0ll.\f1X B BOAe, o6pa30Banf1Cb
Hf1X nan ax, a nepeAHf-le
BbiT~rf'lsaer
snepeA.
nepenoHKf-1 , npesparf'lBWf'le nanbl B naCTbl.
MblWIJ,bl B Hf'lX COKpall.\aiOTC~ , BbJTanKf'lBa~
YAPeBeCHbiX n~ryweK ,
KOrTf-1 Hapy}l{y, CnOBHO ne3Bf1~ cpf-lHKf-1.
Bb~M . ccpopMf'lpOBanf'lCb Anf-lHHble nanbU,bl,
KOrAa KOrTf-1 Bnf'lBaiOTC~ B }l{epTBy, KOWKa
aHa Hf'lX- KpOWe4Hble Kne~Kf'le Af-lCKf-1,
4T06bi na3f1Tb no Aepe-
nepeHOCf'lT sec Ha 3aAHf-le nanbl , a nepeAHf-1-
KOTOpbJe noMoraJOT3Tf1M 3eMHOBOAHbiM
Mf-1 T~HeT A06bi4Y B naCTb.
YAep}l{f'lBaTbC~
Ha rnaAKf-lX
nf'lCTb~X.
nEPBbiE «PYKH)) BblrnS1AEnH SOnEE 3K30TH~HO, ~EM
ni06AS1 H3 HbiHEWHHX: Y OAHHX BHAOB >KHBOTHbiX
6bln0 no CEMb nAnbUEB, Y APYrHX- no BOCEMb
B ,n;pyrHx cnyqaRx Tpe6yeTCR ITPHCMOTpeThCR ITOBHHMaTeJihHee. TaK, Kpbi-
JlETY'"IASI M bl Wb
JIO JieTyqei1: MbiiiiH BblrJIJl,!l;HT KaK KO)I(HCTaR ITepeiTOHKa, HO ITO,!l; KO)I(eM - Te
Kpblno neTYYef1 MbiWI-1
)l(e ITRTh ITaJihD;eB, qTo H y opaHryTaHa HJIH y qeJioBeKa, a TaK)I(e 3aiTRCThe,
noxo>Ke Ha KO>KI-1CTYIO
COCT05liD;ee H3 TOfO )l(e KOMITJieKCa KOCTeM, KOTOpbie, B CBOIO oqepep;h, COep;H-
nepenoHKy, HO BHYTPI-1
HeHbl C TeMH )l(e ,!l;liHHHbiMH Tpy6qaTbiMH KOCTJIMH ITpep;ITJieqbJl.
Hee- nnoTb 1-1 nf!Tb
qapJI3 ~apBHH B «fJpOHCXO)I(,!l;eHHH BH,!l;OB» o6paTHJI BHHMaHHe Ha 3TO
nanbi..J,eB. Kocr1-1 Bblnon-
CTpaHHOe COBITap;eHHe. «qTO MO)I(eT 6hiTb JII060ITbiTHee TOfO, - CITpaiiiHBaJI
Hf!IOT TaKyiO >Ke QlYHK-
OH, - qTo ITpHrOp;HaJI ,!l;JIJl XBaTaHHJl pyKa qeJIOBeKa, pOIOID;aJI JiaiTa KpOTa,
I..J,I-110, KaK wecTbl warpa:
Hora JIOIIIa,n;H, nacT ,n;enMpHHa H KpblliO JieTyqeiA MhiiiiH ITOCTpoeHbi ITO TOMY
pacT5111-1BaiOT nepenoH-
)l(e CaMOMY o6pa3u;y?» . ~JIJl ~apBHHa OTBeT 6biJI oqeBH,!l;eH: JIIO,!l;H CBJI3aHbl
Ky, '-IT06bl oHa Morna
pop;CTBeHHbiMH y3aMH H C JieT)"'HMH MbiiiiaMH, H CO BCeMH ,n;pyrMMH IT03BO-
Onl-1paTbC51 Ha B03gyx 1-1
HOqHbiMH, y KOTopbiX ecTb KOHeqHoCTH, H Bee Mhi YHacne,n;oBaJIH 3TH opraHbi
nogHI-1MaTb reno neTYYef1
OT o6ID;ero ITpe,n;Ka. Mccne,n;yR 3BOJIIOD;HIO KOHeqHocTeiA, yqeHhie B ITOCJiep;HHe
MbiWI-1 Hag 3eMnef1. ABI-1-
ITOJITOpa BeKa ITOCTOJIHHO o6paiD;aiOTC5l K HCKOITaeMhiM OCTaTKaM, 06Hapy-
rafl nanbi..J,aMI-1 reM 1-1n1-1
)l(eHHbiM Ha BCeX KOHTHHeHTax; cpaBHHBaiOT aHaTOMHqecKoe CTpOeHHe ITepep;-
I-1HbiM o6pa30M, neTY'-Ia51
HHX KOHeqHOCTeM y HbiHe )I(HBYID;HX IT03BOHOqHbiX; H3)"'aiOT reHbl, OTBeqa-
MbiWb MO>KeT MaHeBpl-1-
IOID;He 3a HX pa3BHTHe, - H CHOBa H CHOBa y6e)l(p;aiOTCJl B ITpaBOTe ~apBHHa.
poBaTb B necy; 3aBI-1CaTb
3TOT opraH ITOJlBHJICJl He IT03p;Hee
380 MHJIJIHOHOB JieT Ha3ap;, pa3BHJIHCb
Hag I..J,BeTKOM, '-IT06bl
KOHeqHOCTH Ha OCHOBe ITJiaBHHKOB, HO He ITJIOCKHX a)l(ypHbiX ITJiaBHHqKOB
noeCTb HeKTap; Hblp51Tb
30JIOTOM pbi6KH, a H3 MYCKYJIHCThiX, MOID;HhiX ITJiaBHHKOB BhiMepiiieiA rpyiT-
B oTBepcr1-1e nell\epbl.
IThi KHCTeiTephiX pbi6. BHyTpH 3THX ITJiaBHHKOB 6hmo HeCKOJihKO KopoTKHx H TOJICTbiX KOCTeM, COOTBeTCTBYIOID;HX KOCTJIM HaiiiHX pyK. Co BpeMeHeM y ITOTOMKOB 3THX pbi6 B03HHKJIH H MeJIKHe KOCTOqKH, COOTBeTCTByiOID;He KOCTJIM 3aiTJICTHM H ITaJibD;eB. 3aTeM ITaJibD;bl o¢opMHJIHCb H OT,!l;eJIHJIHCb ,n;pyr OT ,n;pyra, qTo IT03BOJIHJIO )I(HBOTHbiM ITpo6HpaTbCJl CKB03b ITO,!l;BO,!l;HYIO pacTHTeJihHOCTb, XBaTaRCb 3a Hee. IJepBbie «pyKH» BblrJIR,!l;eJIH 6oJiee 3K30THqHO, qeM JII06aR H3 HhiHeiiiHHX: y O,!l;HHX BH,!l;OB )I(HBOTHbiX 6hiJIO ITO CeMh ITaJihD;eB, y ,n;pymx- ITO BoceMh. Ho K TOMY BpeMeHH, Kor,n;a IT03BOHoqHhie Bhi6paJIHCh Ha cyiiiy, OKOJIO
340 MHJIJIHOHOB JieT Ha3ap;, qHCJIO ITaJihD;eB y)l(e COKpaTHJIOCb
,!1;0 ITJlTH, H 60Jihiiie HHKorp;a He yBeJIHqHBaJIOCb. Pa3Hoo6pa3He ITepe,n;HHX KOHeqHocTeiA BeJIHKO H cpe,n;H HbiHe cyiD;eCTByIOID;HX BH,!l;OB, OT JiaCT p;eJib¢HHa ,!1;0 KpbllibeB opJia H JiaiT-KpiOqKOB JieHHBD;a. M3yqaJI 3TOT opraH, yqeHhie HaqHHaiOT ITOHHMaTh, KaKHe HMeHHO MOJieKyJIRPHhie H3MeHeHH5l ITpHBeJIH K TaKHM 3HaqHTeJihHbiM H3MeHeHH5lM, H OC03HaBaTb, qTO, HeCMOTpR Ha BHeiiiHHe pa3JIHqHJl, BCe ITepep;HHe KOHeqHOCTH Ha 3M6pHOHaJibHOM CTap;HH pa3BHBaiOTC5l ITO O,!l;HOMY ITJiaHy. CyiD;eCTByeT CHCTeMa reHOB, OTBeqaiOID;HX 3a ¢opMHpOBaHHe 3T0f0 opraHa, H BCe pa3H006pa3He ITepep;HHX KOHeqHOCTeM ITpep;OITpep;eJieHO ITepeCTpOMKaMH B 3TOM CHCTeMe. Op;HH reHhi OTBeqaiOT 3a o6pa3oBaHHe 3aiTRCThR, ,n;pyrHe - 3a ITaJihD;hi. ~o cTaToqHo MeJibqaiAIIIero reHeTHqecKoro c,n;BHra, H ITaJibD;hi y,n;JIHHRIOTCR HJIH qacTHqHo Hcqe3aiOT, a KorTH ITpeBpaiD;aiOTCR B HorTH. HacKOJihKO HeiToxo)I(HMH BHeiiiHe HH Ka3aJIHCb 6bi KpblliO rpH¢a H JiaiTa JibBa, pa3HHD;a Me)l(p;y HHMH MO)I(eT CBO,!l;HTbCJl K MeJioqaM: HeMHO)I(KO 60Jibiiie O,!l;HOfO 6eJIKa TyT, HeMHO)I(KO MeHbiiie ,n;pyroro 6eJIKa TaM.
136
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC •
MAH
D
2012
HHAHHCKHH CJlOH KoHe'-IHOCH1 cnoHa np~cnoco6neHbl K TOMy,
Heo6bl'-lai-1Ho Afl~HHbli-1 nane1..1 ai-1e-ai-1e (MaAa-
'-IT06bl BbiAep>K~BaTb KOJlOCCaJlbHbli-1 Bee TYW~.
racKapcKoi-1 pyKOHO»<K~) no3BOJl5leT 3TOMY
TO!lCTble KOCT~ naflbljeB (HeAaBH~e ~CCfleAOBa
3BepbKY A06biBaTb n~Ll\Y, HeAOCTYnHyiO APYI~M
H~5l
06~TaTeJl5lM MaAaracKapCK~X JleCOB. 0AHO ~3
noKa3biBaiOT
Ha!l~'-l~e
wecTOro, no»<Horo,
naflblja, KOTOpbli-1 ~3Ha'-laflbHO COCTO~T ~3 XP5lll\a,
ero Jli06~MbiX JlaKOMCTB - Jl~'-I~HK~ HaCeKO-
HOy HeKOTOpbiX nO>K~JlbiX CJlOHOB OKOCTeHeBaeT)
MbiX, CKpbiBaiOLl\~eC5l nOA KOpoi-1 AepeBbeB.
BblnOJlH5liOT cjlyHKLj~IO OCHOBaH~5l KOJlOHHbl.
Ai-1e-ai-1e nOCTYK~BaeT no CTBOJlY CBO~M OC06biM
noAyWKa BOJlOKH~CTOi-1 >K~pOBOi-1 TKaH~ raC~T
na!lbljeM,
YAap Ka»<Aoro wara. }t{~Jlbl ~ CB5l3K~ norflOLl\aiOT
X~BaeT Jl~'-I~HOK,
'-laCTb 3Hepr~~ . Bb1Ae!l5li0Ll\ei-1c5l OT CTOJlKHOBe-
AblpKy. WapoB~AHbli-1 CYCTaB y OCHOBaH~5l3TOro
np~CJlYW~BaeTC5l
K 3ByKaM
~
BbiHIO-
a 3aTeM Bbllpbl3aeT B KOpe
H~5l nOAOWBbl HOI~ C 3eMJlei.1, ~ OTAaiOT ee, KOIAa
na!lbl1a no3BOJl5leT pyKOHO»<Ke npocoBbiBaTb
HOia nOAH~MaeTC5l. To eCTb CJlOH B 6yKBaJlbHOM
ero nOA Jll06biM YlflOM B OTBepCT~e. '-IT06bl Ha-
CMbiCJle CJlOBa waraeTCJlOBHO Ha
npy>K~HaX.
H~3aTb Jl~'-I~HKY
Ha KOroTb
~ BbiTall\~Tb
Hapy>Ky.
HAIIIA OBIII,AH PYKA
13 9
TEKCT: POBEPT KAHI.J;Mf <l>OTOfPA<l>MM: OPIIIOMA M 3PJIEH XAPBEPf
a OCTaBaJIOCb IUITb
p;HeM. B XYDKMHe Ha CeBepHOM CKJIOHe
BYJIKaHa 3i1.H<Pb.Hp;Jiai1eKIO,D;Jih - Toro caM oro, qTo ITpepBaJI ITOJieThi Hap; EBpOITOM B
2010 rop;y, -
CMrypp; Pei1mip n1CJICOH pa3JIMBaJI ITO Tap eli-
KaM pbi6HhiM cyiT M pacKJiap;hiBaJI coJieHYIO ceJiep;Ky. ByJIKaH BeJI ce6.H CITOKOMHO, ero
Jiep;HMKM 6biJIM yKyTaHbi B 06JiaKa, HO ITO ITYTM CIOp;a
HaM ITPMIIIJIOCh ITpeop;oJieBaTb B6pop; pycJia Jiep;.HHhiX peK M p;Ba)l(p;br Bhi3BOJI.HTh 3aCTp.HBnmi1: B HMX BHep;opo)I(HMK C11ryp,n;a. 3a OKHaMM TeiTJioro p;oMMKa Y3JIOBaThie 6epe3hi CITJieJIM ITayTMHY M3 BeTOK, TeMHeiOru;yiO Ha <PoRe 6eJIOfO CKJIOHa ropb!. «Ji1MeHHO TaK 3p;eCb BblfJI.H,D;eJIO, KOrp;a ITpMIIIJIM BMKMHfM», - CKa3aJia fyp;pyH, CeCTpa CJIOBHO ITO,D;TBep)l(p;a.H ee cJioBa, M3 cHera BhmopxHyJia 6eJia.H oBa.H KypoiTaTKa. • fy,n;pyH - reorpacp, a C11ryp,n; - reoxMMMK, M pa6oTaiOT B YHMBepcMTeTe Pei1Kh.HBMKa. OHM, ITOTOMKM BMKMHroB, paccKa3biBaJIM MHe MCTOpMIO <PopMMpoBaHM.H JiaHp;IIIacpTa li1cJiaHp;MM, M ITpM 3TOM, MO)I(HO CKa3aTb, ITpMCYTCTBOBaJIM BCe qeTbipe ( eCJIM cqMTaTb KOITqeHYIO .HfH.HTMHy, ITpMIIIe,D;IIIYIO Ha CMeHy cyiTy) repo.H MX paccKa3a.
rp t!Hll a ncJc KO t! Mope
0 w
I
40
I
XAHC X. XAHCEH, FIXLANDA EHF; NGM MAPS
BYJIKAHbl OHM co3p;aJIM J1cnaHp;MIO M yp;ep)I(MBaJIM ee Hap; BOJIHaMM ATJiaHTMKM ITO MeHh16 MMJIJIMOHOB neT. TeiTepb )l(e Ka)l(p;bre HeCKOJihKO neT op;MH M3 HMX 3<UIBJIReT o ce6e. B 2010 rop;y, Korp;a aBMaiJ;MOHHbie BJiaCTM cxop;MJIM c yMa M3-3a ITeiTJia, Bbr6porneHHoro
rner1: Mepe
B B03p;yx BYJIKaHOM 9r1R¢hRp;nar1eKIOp;Jih, CMrypp; Ha cBoeM BHep;opo)I(HMKe ITOMqancR B caMoe cepp;u;e TeMHoro o6naKa. OH Bhrrnen M3 MaiiiMHhi, qTo6hr co6paTh o6pa3u;hr, M roTOBMJICR ycnhrrnaTh cTyK ITap;aiOru;Mx Ha ero rnneM
o6noMKOB
naBhi. Ho BOKpyr CTORJia
a6COJIIOTHaR TMIIIMHa. «fJeiTeJI 6hiJI JierKMH, CJIOBHO MyKa. J1 OCTpbiH, KaK CTeKJIO».
JIE,IJ;HMKM
OHM 3p;ech cTaJIM
ITORBJIRTbCR
M Mcqe3aTh OKOJIO Tpex MMJIJIMOHOB
neT Ha3ap;,
TO ecTh p;a)l(e paHhiiie, qeM HaqancR BCeMMPHhrr1 nep;HMKOBhrr1 ITepMop;. B Harne BpeMRJiep;HMKM ,ll;OBOJibHO 6hiCTpO COKparu;aiOTCR, HO ITO-ITpe)I(HeMy ITOKpbiBaiOT BCe CaMbie BbiCOKMe BYJIKaHbi. Korp;a M3BepraeTcR ¢hRp;JI (ropa, BYJIKaH), ITOKpbiThiH r1eKIOp;JieM-
nep;HMKOM,-
M3 Jiep;HMKa o6pa3yeTC51 HeKIOJibXJiayiT - ITOTOK TaJIOH BO,ll;bl Mllbp;a, Hecyru;MHCR K MOpiO, CHOCRIIJ;MH Ha CBOeM ITYTM MOCTbi M 3aTaiTJIMBaiOIIJ;MH ¢epMepCKMe
ITOJIR.
JIIO,IJ;M CarM YTBep)l(p;aiOT, qTo ITepBhre IToceneHu;hr ITpM6hiJIM B J1cnaHp;MIO M3 HopBerMM B 874 rop;y (B 870 comacHo p;pyrMM caraM)- Bcero qepe3 TPM rop;a ITOCJie Toro, KaK 3p;ech ITpOM30IIIJIM p;Ba KpyiTHbiX M3Bep)l(eHM51. fyp;pyH qacTO HaxOp;MT B ITOqBe COOTBeTCTBYIOIIJ;Me 3TMM M3Bep)l(eHM51M ITJiaCTbi ITeiTJia, a apTe¢aKTbi B OCHOBHOM o6Hapy)I(MBaiOT B IT03,ll;HMX, ITO OTHOIIIeHMIO K M3Bep)l(eHMRM,
cnoRx.
TaK qTo
p;o 871
6onee
rop;a J1cJiaHp;MR M ITpaBp;a
cKopee Bcero 6bma Heo6MTaeMor1. Ep;MHCTBeHHhiM cyxoiTyTHhiM MJieKOITMTaiOIIJ;MM 3p;ecb 6biJI ITeceu; (BMKMHfM 3aBe3JIM TaK)I(e OBeu;, KOpOB M CBMHeH) . A Me)l(p;y p;ByMR M3Bep)l(eHM51MM TYT u;apMna TMIIIMHa, ecJIM He cqMTaTh ryn BeTpa, rnyM MOpR M KpMKM MopcKMX ITTMIJ;. JliOp;M HaChiTMJIM 3TM ITYCTOIIIM CMbiCJIOM - TeiTepb ITpaKTMqeCKM Ka)l(p;biH ee KycoqeK, Ka)l(eTcR, CBR3aH c co6hiTMRMM car. Ho ITPM 3TOM JIIO,ll;M )l(e ocTpoB M o6Ha)I(MJIM. Eepe30Bbie Jieca, KOrp;a-TO ITOKpbiBaBIIIMe ITO MeHhiiieH Mepe qeTBepTb OCTpOBa, TeiTepb 3aHMMaiOT Bcero op;MH ero ITpou;eHT:
p;epeBbR
IIIJIM Ha p;peBeCHhiH yroJib BITJIOTh
OBQbl 500 JieT Ha3ap;, KOrp;a HaCTyiTMJIO
p;o
XIX cToJieTMR.
ITOXOJIOp;aHMe, OBIJ;bl CTaJIM rJiaBHOH OITOpOH MC-
JiaHp;IJ;eB. J1 ITOHbiHe COTHM TbiC5Jq OBeqeK B TeiTJIOe BpeMR rop;a ITaCyTCR Ha CKJIOHax.
Ep;RT
OHM BCe, M, ITO CliOBaM fyp;pyH, TeiTepb XOTb KaKMM -TO paCTMTeJibHbiM ITOKpOBOM MO)I(eT ITOXBaCTaTbC51 MeHhiiie ITOJIOBMHbi TeppMTOpMM CTpaHhi (ITpe)l(p;e 3eJieHhiO 6hiJIO ITOKpbiTO
p;Be TpeTM).
21
PhiXJI<UI BYJIKaHMqecKaR IToqBa Bee 6oJihiiie o6Ha)l(aeTcR M BhiBeTpMBaeTcR.
p;eKa6pR coJIHu;e B30IIIJIO 3a qac
p;o ITonyp;HR.
CMrypp;, fyp;pyH
MR
ITOIThiTaJIMCh ITpo-
,ll;BMHYThCR Ha BOCTOK, K p;pyroMy BYJIKaHy- KaTJia, Bbi3BaHHbiH KOTOpbiM HeKIOJibXJiayiT B
1918 rop;y qyTb He yHeC MX p;ep;yrnKy, ITOKa OH 3afOH5171 ,ll;OMOH CTap;o OBeu;. Ho 3aBaJieHH<UI CHeroM p;opora 3aCTaBMJia ITOBepHyTh Ha3ap;. Ha CKJIOHe 9r1R¢hRp;nar1eKIOp;JIR Mhr ITpoexaJIM MMMO Bop;oiTap;a, CTPYM KOToporo 6biJIM cepbiMM oT ITeiTJia. BeTep qyTh He cp;yBaJI MaiiiMHY c p;oporM. Korp;a Mbi ITepeceKaJIMJiep;HMKOBYIO peqKy, B o6naKax Hap; oKeaHOM K IOry OT HaC o6pa30BaJIC51 ITpOCBeT, M XOJIMbi K CeBepy OT peKM 03apM7IMCb M51fKMM CBeTOM. ITo cnoBaM CMrypp;a, MMeHHO Ha 3TMX xonMax )I(MJI fyHHap, repor1: 3HaMeHMTOr1 carM, M3fHaHHbiH 3a TO, qTO y6MJI CJIMIIIKOM MHOfMX. Mbi ITpoexaJIM MMMO KypraHa, Ha KOTOpOM KOHb c6pOCMJI yp;aJIRIOIIJ;efOCR B M3rHaHMe fyHHapa. 110CMOTpeB B CTOpOHY ,ll;OMa, repor1: Torp;a ITPOM3Hec CTpOKM, M3BeCTHbre Ka)l(p;oMy MCJiaHp;u;y. B BOJihHOM ITepecKa3e CMrypp;a OHM 3ByqaT TaK: «11peKpaceH CKJIOH XOJIMa, eru;e ITpeKpacHee, qeM OH Ka3aJIC51 MHe paHbiiie.
5I
BepHych p;oMor1 M He IToep;y Ha qy)I(6MHy». J1 CMrypp;, M fyp;pyH, yqeHbre, )I(MBYIIJ;Me Ha
BYJIKaHe, Ha KOTopoM Korp;a-To )I(MJI MX p;ep;, ITaCTyx, pa3p;eJIRIOT TOqKy 3peHMR fyHHapa.
D
J1CJIAH)J,J1H
145
Aana, KaK CeBepHbl~ BeTep rOHI-1T CHe r, no TOHKOMynbAY 03epa MI-1BaTH, CMeTa5l
. :
noTOKI-1 neAHI-1KOBOI::i BOAbl naAaiOT CO CKan 12-MeTposol::i BbiCOTbl- 3TO loAa¢occ, «BOAonaA 6oros", OAI-1H 1-13 CaMbiX 3HaMeHI-1TbiX B VlcnaHAI-11-1. KorAa l-1cnaHACKas:~ AccaM6nes:~ npl-1Hs:Jna XPI-1CTI-1aHCTBO s 1000 rDAY. ee rna sa senen c6pocl-1Tb S'l3bl4eCKI-1X 1-1AOnOB B 3TOT BOAOnaA. noKpbiTbll::i MXOM OCTPOBOK nocpeAI-1 BOAOeMa, KaK T04HO 3aMeTI-1na reorpa¢ IYAPYH ll-1cnaAOTTI-1p, «3aW,l-1W,eH OT OBel.\", - MO>KeT, nOTOMY-TO OH AO Cl-1X nop TaKOI::i 3eneHbll::i.
3A KA.QPOM
Ee!lbKU
3all\~Tbl }I{~BoTHblx
He 6e:H: Jie.JKa'lero!
Me}I{AYHapoAHbl(:i <PoHA IFAw Ha4an eBoiO AesnenbHoerb B Poee~~ e KaMnaH~~ no 3anpery 4YAOB~Ll\HOro npoMblena - yH~4TO}I{eH~~ AeTeHblwe(:i rpeHnaHAeKoro TIOneH~ B EienoM Mope. BnepBble aKn1B~eTbl <jJOHAa 3aAoKyMeHT~poBan~ oxory poee~(:ieK~x npoMblenoB~KOB Ha «rpeHnaHAL\a» B 1995 roAy, ~ e rex nop nporeerHoe AB~}I{eH~e Bee Ha6~pano o6opoTbl. n~K aKT~BHoer~ np~wene~ Ha KOHel.\2008 roAa, KOrAa eraproBana Maewra6Ha~ KaMnaH~~ noA no3yHroM «He 6e(:1 ne}l{a4ero!n: np~ w~poKo(:i nOAAep}I{Ke aKrepoB , MY3biKaHTOB ~ 06Ll\eerBeHHbiX Ae~rene(:i 6blno eo6paHo 6onee 100 Tble~4 noAn~ee(:i B 3all\~TY AeTeHblwe(:i TIOneH~. Pe3ynbTaTOM eran 3anper B Poee~~ :noro npoMblena. no6eAy npa3AHOBan~ Bee 3all\~TH~K~ }I{~BOTHbiX no BeeMy M~py, a Eip~}I{~T EiapAO Ha3Bana BnaA~M~pa nyr~Ha, noAn~eaBwero yKa3 o 3anpere, « npe3~AeHTOM eBoero eepAL\a". 1--1 renepb <jlororpa<jl~~ . 3ane4arneBw~e }l{eeTOKYIO OXOTY Ha 6enbKOB, MO}I{HO Ha(:ir~ TOflbKO B apx~BaX. ~eMy Mbl 04eHb paAbl. AneKCaHAP lpel<
He3aB~AH81'1
158
y4aCTb 6enbKOB: B cerKax
~x BbiB03~n~
Ha 6eper, rge nocne n~HbK~
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC • MAM 2012
3a6~aan~.
BCE
<!>OTOrPA<!> ~~
nPEAOCTABnEHbi/FAW
npl-13080~
napTHep:
/Canadian"" ~A7n路
TEXHOJIOfJ1J1 • HOBJ1HKJ1 • IIPOEKThl
SKODA YETI- 51PKA51 J1H,1J;I1BJ1,1WAJibHOCTb! SKODA AUTO c nos:~sneH~eM YetiyKpen~na cso~ pacw~p~B
MOAenbHbiH P51A
npeACT8B~TeneH
TOM, OH He
cerMeHTa. 06naA851
60~TC51
no3~L\~~
8BTOM06~neM , OTn~YHbiM
BbiCOK~M
Ha pbiHKe, OT
APYr~x
AOPO)t{HbiM npocse-
CnO)t{HbiX M8PWPYTOB, a Ha 06biYHbiX AOporax
nopa)t{aeT CBOeH A~HaM~KOH. C HeA8BHero BpeMeH~ B POCC~~ CTa-
na AOCTynHa
nonHonp~BOAHas:~ sepc~s:~
SKODA Yeti c AB~raTeneM 1,8 TSI
KOMnaKTHoro Kpoccosepa
~ asToMaT~YeCKOH
Kopo6KOH
nepeAaY DSG. iJ,ns:~ noKnOHH~KOB Kpoccosepos, )t{enal0ll1~X Bblpa3~Tb cso10
~HA~B~AyanbHOCTb,
8BTOM06~neH
eTC51 An51
SKODA npe):1naraeT cnel\~8nbHYIO cep~10
Yeti c A~38HH-naKeTOM Style. naKeT Style npe):1nara-
8BTOM06~neH
1,2 TSI. 5naroAaps:~ pa3~TenbHbiH ~
B KOMnneKT8L\~~ Ambition C AB~raTeneM
A~3aHH-naKeTY Style
6PYT8nbHbiH
Yeti np~o6pen elJ1e 6onee
BE30ITACHA51ITPOXJIAAA C
HOBbiM~ ~HBepmpHbiM~ cnn~T-c~cTeMaM~
o6n~K.
KOHA~L\~OHepa. Tex Honor~s:~
nna3MeHHOH
OY~lJ18eT B03Ayx B noMelJ1eH~~
L\bl
~
annepreHOB.
KOHA~L\~OHepa
oxna)t{AeH~e ~n~
5e3onacHas:~
OLDE HANSA Y IOJIJ1J1 BbiCOQKOM pecmpaH CpeAHeBeKOBOH
KyxH~
np~Hs:~na
Plasmacluster
He AOnycKaeT pa3MHO-
Kopnyca, YTO oco6eHHO B8)t{HO np~ 3anycKe
o6orpes
npoxna11a-
06ecneY~BaeT
noMelJ1eH~51,
Hosas:~
KOM<j>OpTHOe
He AOnycKas:~ CKB03H51KOB .
pocKOWb oT BORK!
ABJ1AKOMITAHJ151TPAHCA3PO
B rocTs:~x
Olde Hansa. Ha
OY~CTK~
nocne nepepbiBa. Ac~cTeMa ynpasneH~51 B03AYWHbiM
nOTOKOM H8 OCHOBe 3<j><j>eKT8 K08HA8
BbiCOL\KOH
~
OT99,7% B~pyCOB, 6aKTep~H , nblnb-
C!JyHKL\~51 C8MOOY~CTK~
)t{eH~51 nneceH~ BHYTP~
Kyn~HapHas:~ CTYA~s:~IOn~~
BORK Y700
BORKY701 MO)t{HO He onacaTbC51 3a6onesaH~H np~ ~cnonb30BaH~~
~3BeCTHbiH
Meponp~s:~T~~
MO)t{HO 6blnO npOAeryCT~pOB8TbAOM8WH~e H8CTOHK~. BOCC03A8HHble
B neTHeM ce3oHe 2012 ro11a
as~aKoMnaH~51
«TpaHca3po» 6yAeT
BblnOnH51Tb noneTbl no 6onee YeM 160 M8PWPYT8M. KpoMe TOro, 8B~8KOMn8H~51
OTKpbiB8eT peryns:~pHble peHCbl
~ ysen~Y~T
~3
MOCKBbl B noc-
o6beM nepeso3oK s CWA. PeHCbl s noc-
no pel\enTaM XV Be-
AHA)t{enec
Ka
~ TP8A~L\~OHHble
AHA)t{enec 6YAYT BblnOnH51TbC51 C29 an pens:~ AB8 pa3a B He11en10 H8
cpeAHeBeKOBble 3a-
caMoneTax Boeing 777. TaK)t{e snepBble B neTHeM ce3oHe 6YAYT
KYCK~ . np~roTOBneH
BblnOnH51TbC51 peHCbl
KOMnaH~~ ~3
Hble ~3 8YTeHT~YHbiX
6YAYT ~MeTb YA06Hble
CTbiKOBK~
6am~H
PeHCbl B Hb10-i/1opK, H8Y~H851 C ~IOH51, CT8HYT e)t{eAHeBHbiM~ ,
per~OH8.
«TpaHca3po .. 6yAeT BblnOnHHTb peHCbl cpa3y s TP~ ropoAa CWA-
npOAYKTOB CKOrO
We¢>-nosap 3MMaB~nne
Hy3n b
noA-
po6Ho paccKa3an rDCT51M 0 CBOeM OnblTe no
« racTpoHoM~
YeCKOH apxeonor~~ ... 8A8nT8L\~~ ~CTOp~ YeCK~X
MOCKBbl B EpeBaH , KOTOpble
C peHC8M~ B noc-AHA)t{enec.
pel\enTOB K
ycnos~s:~M
cospe-
MeHHOH raCTpOHOM~ YeCKOH KYnbTYPbl.
Hb10-il1opK, noc-AHA)t{enec ~ MaHaM~.
www.transaero.ru
TEXHOJIOfJ1J1 • HOBJ1HKJ1 • IIPOEKThl
TISSOT M YAKHNICH MOTORSPORT npo<jJeCCI10HanbHbiH POCCI1HCKI1H MOTOrOHlJ111K KOMaHAbl
Yakhnich Motorsport, BbiCTynaiOlJ111H Ha LieMnl1oHaTe Ml1pa
World Superbike, BnaA11-
MI1P neoHOB BXOA11T B c6opHYIO KOMaHAY 6peHAa
Tissot,
COCT051lJ1YIO 113 Bb1AaiOlJ111XC51 cnopTCMeHOB, npeACTaBn5110lJ111X pa3ni1YHble B11Abl cnopTa .
Tissot, s:~sns:~s:~cb o<jJI1LJ,I1anbHbiM XpOHOMeTpi1CTOM LieMni10HaTa Ml1pa
FIM World Super-
VII E)KEf0,1J;HA51 IJ;EPEMOHM51 BPYqEHM51 ITPEMMM «TERRE DE FEMMES- 3EMJI51 )KEHII.J;MH»! Yme B CeAbMOH pa3 B POCCI111 ¢OHA Yves
Rocher nOA 3r11AOH V1HCTI1-
bike, COBMeCTHO C Yakhnich Motorsport, O<jJI1U,I1anbHbiM npeACTa-
TYTa <t>paHU,1111 noAsen 11TOrl1 KOHKypca
BI1TeneM Ml1posoro YeMnl1oHaTa 11 opraHI13aTopoM nepsoro B
>KeHlJ111H" 11 BPYYI1n rpaHTbl TpeM meHlJ111HaM, KOTOpble 3a HI1MaiOT-
«Terre de Femmes - 3eMn51
11CTOpl111 pOCCI1HCKOrO 3Tana YeMni10HaTa Ml1pa no cynep6aHKy,
C51 npOCBeTI1TenbCKOH 11 npaKTI1YeCKOH AeHTenbHOCTbiO B c<jlepe
o6b51Bn5110T o cTpaTeri1YeCKOM napTHepcTse. B Yacax 3TOH cep1111
oxpaHbl OKpymaiOlJ1eH cpeAbl. Bbl AeHCTByeTe B 3alJ111TY 3eMnl17 8biAB11raHTe sawy KaHA11Aa-
aKLJ,eHTI1PYIOTC51 KpaCHbiH , membiH 11 opaHmeBbiH- AOMI1HI1PYIOlJ111e
«Terre de Femmes - 3eMn51
LJ,BeTa rOHOYHbi X TpeKOB. 3TI1 KBapLJ,eBble XpO HOrpa<jJbl COAepmaT
Typy! Y3HaTb o6 ycnosi151X KOHKypca
3neMeHTbl, HaBe51HHble MOTOrOHKaMI1, 1111Me10T BCe, YT06bl Bni1CaTb-
>KeHlJ111H", a TaKme CKaYaTb aHKeTy yYaCTHI1Ka Bbl MO)f{eTe Ha CaHTe
C51 B COBpeMeHHble MOAHble TeHAeHU,1111.
<t>OHAa
Yves Rocher http://www.yves-rocher-fondation.org
KPOCCOBKM BIOM TRAIL OT ECCO n11H11s:~
TOK
810M Trail- 3To OAHa 113 Hal16onee cosepweHHbiX pa3pa6o-
ECCO An51 TeX, KTO npeAnOYI1TaeT aKTI1BHbiH OTAbiX Ha npl1pOAe
11 rOTOB 11CnbiTbiBaTb ce651 Ha npOYHOCTb. HymHO npOCTO OTKniOYI1TbC51 OT peanbHOCTI1, noYyBCTBOBaTb conpOTI1BneHI1e BeTpa 11- BnepeA! 8 KpOCCOBKaX
1•
810M Traiii1CnOnb30BaHa YCI1neHHa51 CI1CTeMa nOA-
AepmKI1 CTOnbl 11 cu,enneHI151 C nosepXHOCTbiO. 3TO aHaTOMI1YeCKa51 <jJOpMa 11 ri16Ka51 nOAOWBa, KOTOpa51 CTI1Mynl1pyeT pa60TY MbiWL.I, 11 nornolJ1aeT YAapbl. 5er 11n11 XOAb6a B 810M
Trail nOBbiWaiOT 3<jJ<jJeK-
TI1BHOCTb TpeHI1pOBOK, C03AaBa51 YYBCTBO Cni151HI151 C npl1pOAOH .
<DJIAfMAHCKA51 MO)J;EJib HOBOM JIMHEMKM KOH)J;MIJ;MOHEPOB PANASONIC npeACTaBn51eM Panasonic CS-HE9/12NKD- <jJnarMaHCKYIO MOAenb HOBOH ni1HeHKI1 KOHA11U,I10Hepos. Ero YHI1KanbH~e <jJyHKU,I111
Econavi 11 Sunlight Detection onpeAenHIOT 11HTeHCI1BHOCTb conHeYHoro CBeTa 11 KOppeKTI1PYIOT MOlJ1HOCTb oxnamAeHI151 - B 3aBI1CI1 MOCTI1 OT norOAbl 11 BpeMeHI1 CYTOK. V1HBepTOpHa51 TeXHOnOrl151 perynl1pyeT TeMnepaTypy, nOAAepml1sas:~ BbiCOKI1H Kn/],. Ma
A CI1CTe-
Nanoe-G YHI1YTOmaeT 99% Bl1pycos 11 6aKTepi1H B B03AYXe.
V1 see 3TO- noYTI1 6ecwyMHO. L!T06bl He MewaTb saM HacnamAaTbcs:~ npoxnaAOH.
f
TEXHOJIOfJ1J1 • HOBJ1HKJ1 • IIPOEKThl
HOBA51 )KM3Hb C qMCTOfO JIMCTA
KOMAPHOCAHEITOATOqMT VIHOIAa cepbe3Hbte ~HHOBaL\~~ HY)f{Hbt, YT06bt Henp~~THOCTe~. Ha3o~n~Bbte
KYIO nporynKy no necy,
~36aB~TbC~
OT MenK~X
HaCeKOMbte MOryT ~cnopT~Tb ~ KOPOT·
~ cno)f{Hbt~
noxoA. nonyY~Tb
YAOBOnbCTB~eoT06lJ1eH~~ c np~pOAO~
MaKc~ManbHoe
noYeMy Mbt scerAa AaeM ce6e AenbH~Ka ~n~
60AHO~
o6elJ1aH~e 6poc~Tb KYP~Tb
Hosoro roAa? BeAb An~ HaYana
OT C~rapeTbl, npeKpaCHO
nOAXOA~T
noMO)f{eT KonneKL\~~ Columbia
KaK n1060~
3~MH~~ .
c noHe-
HOBO~ )f{~3H~.
TaK
cso-
MOP03Hbl~
~ )f{apK~~
neT-
Insect Blocker. C noMOlJ1biO Hose~w~x pa3pa6oTOK Columbia pew~
H~~
na npo6neMy, OT KOTOpO~
nOAAep)f{aTb Hac B 3TOM pe-
TexHonor~~ 3alJ1~Tbt
a6COniOTHO 6e30naCHa~ K YenoBeKy.
npon~TKa
APYI~e npeAnOY~TaiOT OTMaX~BaTbC~ .
oT HaceKOMbtX lnsect-Biocker™Columbia-
weH~~
npon~TKa , 6nOK~PYIOU1a~
TenbHa~ pe3~HKa H~Kopene
70 CT~POK .
~
CKa)f{~
AO
CB~AaH~~
HOBa~
)f{eBa-
npenapaT
H~ KOT~ H3aM eCT~Ten bHO~
AO
Tepan~~ . KOTOpbt~
HaWeMy )f{y)f{}f{alJ1eMy APYIY.
Ha~T~
MO)f{eT
Mopo3Ha~ M~Ta-
KpeMa OT HaceKOMbtx, HO He Tpe6yeT
HaHeceH~~ - TexHonor~~ ocTaeTc~ 3cjlcjleKT~BHO~
,[laHHYIO OAe)f{AY MO)f{HO Y3Ha~
AOCryn HaCeKOMbiX
Ha OCHOBe HarypanbHbiX ~HrpeA~eHTOB , 6e3
3anaxa , pa6oTaeT KaK cnpe~ nosmpHoro
AeHb. TeM 6onee YTO
ycnewHo
B Mara3~He «CnopTMaCTep».
o6naAaeT
6onbwe Ha columbia.ru
noMoraeT
6poc~Tb KYP~Tb ~
OT6en~saiOlJ1~M
3cjlcjleKTOM. 0Ha o6ecneY~sa eT nocrynneH~e B opraH~3M TepaneBT~YeCKO~
KOT~Ha , KOTOpO~ An~
A03bt
H~
AOCTaTOYHO
TOIO , YT06bt no6opOTb
)f{enaH~e 3aKyp~Tb.
0 B03M0)1{HbiX n POT~BOnOKA3AH~~X nPOKOHCYnbT~ PY~TECb CO CnEU~An~CTOM
OCBE)KMTEJIM B03AYXA AIR WICK Hosa~ KonneKL\~~ OCBe)f{~Tene~
Abt»- 3TO 3~e
HaCTO~U1ee 6y~CTBO
B03AYXa Air Wick « KpacK~
KpaCOK ~
BneYaTneH~~ .
np~po
MHOI006pa-
L\BeTOB ~ TpOn~YeCK~X paCTeH~~. KOTOpbte 6yKBanbHO paCL\Be-
TaiOT y sac AOMa. Hosbte apoMaTbt npeACTasneHbt B pa3n~YHbtX cjlopMaTax:
asToMaT~YecK~~ cnpe~
apoMaT~3aTop
B03Ayxa,
Freshmatic ~n~ 3neKTP~YecK~~
apoMaT~3aTop
B03Ayxa Aqua Mist ~n~
apoMaT~
YecKa~
8bt
cseYa.
MO)f{eTe
GILLETTE FUSION PROGLIDE POWERTEXHOJIOfMM EYAYIIJ;EfO AJI51 MAEAJibHOfO EPMTb51 CospeMeHHbte TexHonor~~ Hbt
~Bn~IOTC~
rnaBHbiM~
nOKnOHH~KaM~
ycTpo~cTB, sonnolJ1aiOlJ1~X nocneAH~e
Hbte
pa3pa60TK~.
o6nacT~ 6p~Tb~ .
3HaeT, YTO HY)f{HO
Hosa~ 6p~TBeHHa~ c~cTeMa
AOMa oco6oe
s~6pal\~H.
HaCTpoeH~e
OAHO~
Fusion ProGiide Power
OTn~Y~e sepc~~
KOTOpbte
o6ecneY~BaiOTC~
cospeMeHHbt~ senoc~neA
~
POA-
KnOM , 6p~TBa Power AOnonH~eT
np~~THbte
3MOL\~~-
M~Kpo
Ha)f{aTHeM
KHOnKH. noA06HO TOMy, KaK Aa)f{e
ce6e
CBO~M
raA)f{eT c
Power- 3TO
noAap~Tb
HbtM
B
MY)f{Y~HaM .
ynbTpacospeMeHHbt~
OT Gillette - 3TO
TOHYa~W~MH ne3BI1~MI1.
rnasHoe
HayY-
M~pOBO~ n~Aep
Gillette-
~cnonb30BaTb
~
CAe-
naTb )f{~3Hb KOMcjlOpTHee, ~ HMeHHO MY)f{Y~
n1060~ ~3 H~X ,
YT06bt C03AaTb
no3son~IOT
CaMbl~
He cpasH~Tc~ c MOTOL\~ ~
6e3 mro cosep-
weHHYIO 6p~TBeHHyiO c~cTeMy, Aena~ ee el!1e 6onee npOAB~HYTO~, cpyHKL\HOHanbHO~ ~ TeXH~YeCK~ 6e3ynpeYHO~. M~Kpo~Mnynbcbt
Power B 6p~TBe
Gillette Fusion ProGiide Power CH~)f{aiOT conpoT~B neH~e
11 o6ecneY~BaiOT ~AeanbHO rnaAKOe 6p~Tbe.
------------- - ----
nOAnMCKA nonyqaTCJlb nmrrel!Ca
•Ko eonesc101 ii Ea.ux illo'l'na.J:J1!.HH» 3AO r. MocKHa,
• Bbl6epHTe noHpasHsweecH npe,Qno}l{eHHe
EJ1K 044525217
0
Klc 30101 8109000000002 17 (rraKMeuosaHHe 6aRKa, npynte 6am:oscKI:Ie peKB.lDUTt.l)
.lJ.aya
"BH.U nnarelKa DOAJIKCK8 Ra lKYPRa.!l ..National Geographic PoccJUf» ua
CyMM3
I I
I I I I
OOlite pOD
I I
flnaTeJTbl lli!R
I I
I
<DopMa Nl n )l-4
000 <dOHaih'eA llpecc», RHH 7712110285 nony'laTeJib ruraTeJKa
Pa
'!CTI!bUI
• ornpaBbTe KynoH 11 KB11T8H41110 o6 onnare (HnH HXKOnHH) no aApecy: 127018 Pocc11H MOCKBa, ajH 159, OTAell nOAn11CKI1 Ha mypHan «National Geographic PoccHH» HnH no <jlaKcy: (495) 232 92 82 HnH no e-mail: podpiska@imedia.ru
cqer .N"~ 4070281050000508 1319
«KoeonesClUtii B:rnx illomamum» 3AO r. M OCXBa, BV1K 04452521 7
EcnH Mbl nonyYHM 3aHBKY AO 10 YHCna TeKy1J1e10 MeCHU,a, AOCTaBKa HaYHeTCfl CO cneAY101J1e10 HOMepa.
Kic 3010 1810900000000217 (Ha101Cli083HJ!e 6aRKa .npyrrte 6alfX08CKt!e peKBIOIITI>I)
I I
(<l>aMli.JIHJI, 11 .• 0 .. anpec rmare.nJ.nJJfl(a)
)laTa
BH.U IDiarelKa 0op.JTitCS8 113 llcyPDIIJI ational Geographic PoccRll» oa
.
CyiDJa
OOMCpoB
I I I I I I I I I I I I I
I I
11mrrem. !llRX
I I
I
--------------- -------------------------------------------------------4 Sl noAnHCbJBaiOcb Ha mypHan «National Geographic PoccHH»: Ha 6 HOMepoo 11 nnayy 534 py6.
D
Ha 12 HOMepoo 11 nnayy 1032 py6. 0
$~0 ____________~------------------=---------------------
~HAeKC ______ 06naCTb._ _ _-----:-:------ lopo.,..,__-----==--------YnHU,a ,IJ,oM ___ Kopn. Ks. Ten. __________ ,IJ,ara poJKAeHHfl ________ / _____________ / __________ noAn~ c Ha~ LjeHa BKiliO~aeT paCXOAbl Ha AOCTaBKYnpOCTbi M ~ CpOK KynoHa ~cTeKaeT 30 ~IOHH 2012 roAa.
nEPBbiE 30
3anOnHHTe KynOH
• nepeYHCnHTe A€Hblf1 Ha Haw pacYeTHbli1 cYeT Yepe3 C6ep6aHK no 3TO~ KBHTaHLI,f1f1 HnH f1Cnonb3Y~Te ee KaK o6pa3eu, Anfl 3anonHeHHfl 6naHKa nOYTOBOIO nepeBOAa
(<I>S..'IlJ!JIJ!jJ,l1 ,,0., a,npec OJIBTeJI.bDII'fKa)
KaccRp
noAmtcKa 'lepea peAaK'-'MIO
000 «.lOHaiiTe.ll H pccc», HHH 7712110285 P aet!C'Til blii C'IC'T 1\J! 407028 1050000508 13 19
KBIIT Al:ll.UUI
POCCllil
- -- -~--- - -- - - - ----- - - - - -~ - -- - ----- - -- - aiopMaM r~:( - ~
.1138 lliElliiE
Kaccnp
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC
6aHAepOil~ M ~ .
no,AnHCABWHXC~
HA
L\eHbl AeHCTB~TellbHbl TO!lbKO no Pocc~~ CONG051233
rOA
B MAE nonY'"IAT
nOAAPOK CnPEH LANCASTER SUN SPORT- MYJ1bTH-3AUH1TA ,QilSl llHUA H TEJlA li1HHOBal..llo10HHbli1 cse>+<1o1i1 HeBI-1Aio1Mbli1 cnpei1 Anfl rena - Anfl Hee 1o1 Anfl Hero. PeKoMeHAOBaH Anfl scex Tlo'lnos KO>+<I-1 , oco6eHHO s neplo'IOA HaYanbHOro np1o1o6pereH1o1H 3arapa . BbiCOKio1i1 yposeHb 3all\lo1Tbl - SPF30. BbiCOK03¢¢eKTio1BHafl cnopTio'IBHafl ¢opMyna: • 6biCTpO COXH€T • YCTOi1Yio1B K BOA€, nary lo1 BH€WH1o1M <j)aKTOpaM • MynbTio1-3all\lo1Ta ++
Bac HHTepecyer MeJKAyHapoAHaH nOAnHCKa, npHMafl AOCTaBKa B Olj>HC no MOCKBe HnH onnara Kpe,QHTHoi1 KapTO~? npoCTO n03BOHHTe HaM HnH OTnpaBbTe nHCbMO no 3neKTPOHHO~ nOYTe. Ten .: (495) 232 92 51 $aKC: (495) 232 92 82 E-mail: podpiska@imedia.ru Bbl TaK}I{e MOmere nOAnHCaTbCfl Bn1060M nOYTOBOM OTAeneHf1f1 POCCHH. noAnHCHble HHAeKCbl B Karanorax: cc PocneYaTb»- 36877; cc npecca POCCHH»- 40865; ccnOYTa POCCHH»- 16657.
noAnHCaTbCfl Ha 3neKTPOHHYIO sepc1110 mypHana «National Geographic PoccHH» MomHo Ha cai1re: www.uppressa.ru
PAPMTET
HOBOCTJI Kynanbll\~L\bl Hacna>KAaiOTC5l reOTepManbHbiM~ rp5l35lM~ Ha ~cnaHA cKoM KypopTe B Ha4ane 1950-x IOAOB. losops:lT, TaKas:l npoL\eAypa paccna6n5leT MbiWL\bl ~ none3Ha Anfl KO>K~. TpaA~L\~10 np~MeHeH~s:l rp5l3ene4eH~5l npoAon>KaiOT ~ cospeMeHHble KypopTbll-1cnaHA~~- npaBAa, HaXOA~TbC5l B HarpeTO~ AO 38°C rp5l3eBO~ BaH He MO>KHO He AOnbWe 15 M~HYT, a niOAe~ CcepAe4HbiM~ ~ nero4HbiM~ 3a6onesaH~5lM~. c annepr~e~ Ha H~Kenb npocs:lT soo6Ll\e B03Aep>KaTbC5l oT noA06Ho~ Tepan~~. ,iJ,~Ha KnapK, asTOp CTaTb~ « !11CnaHACK~~ ro6eneH», ony6n~KOBaHHO~ B H05l6pbCKOM HOMepe National Geographic 3a 1951 lOA, nOAP06Ho paccKa3ana o CTpaHe. 0Ha He ynoM~Hana o rp5l3eBbiX saHHax, HO noBeAana 0 TOM , 4TO e~ COBeTOBan HenpeMeHHO 3aXBaT~Tb CC060~ npeACTaB~Tenb TYP~CT~4e CKO~ <P~PMbl nepeA Ha4anoM nYTewecTB~s:l. «BaM noHaAo6~TC5l nacnopT, nnaTbe Anl'l KOKTe~ns:l, nnaTbe Anfl o<P~LI~anbHbiX o6eAOB, HenpoMoKaeMbl~ nnall\, pe3~HOBble canor~ ~ 6e3rpaH~4Ha5l cnoco6HOCTb YA~Bn5lTbC5l! » ... «0Ka3anOCb, 4TO OH 6bln npaB, - 3aMeT~na ,ll,~Ha , - B OC06eHHOCT~ B TOM, 4TO KacaeTC5l nocneAHero nyHKTa ero cm1CKa». Map raper f . 331<DBI1TC
fop.H'IU:e
~ Ha caHTe Bbl Ha~AeTe apx1-1s cTapbiX cjloTOrpaqm~ Ha nat-geo.ru
AMSTERDAM PRESS AGENCY/~3
168
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC • MAM 2012
APX~BA
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC