Social Media Addiction

Social Media Addiction Communicating Design Arguments Brenda Lim // 1306771E Toh Yiqing // 1303130G

(Benlemqawanssa, 2014)

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Temasek Polytechnic | DCS3016 ComDA I AY2014-15 Semester 2

social media addiction

Authors Profile.

Brenda is a second year graphic design student from Temasek Polytechnic. Aspiring to become better at what she is doing, she enjoys looking at works by other designers on online platforms like Behance and Pinterest to look at concepts or ideas that did not cross her mind. Though she thinks that social media has provided convenience in allowing us to communicate with one another, it is ironically affecting communication skills and relationships.

Yi Qing is an aspiring graphic designer from Singapore, currently pursuing a Diploma in Visual Communication in Temasek Polytechnic. who believes in doing what you love and striving for the ‘wow’ factor through idea conceptualisations. She believes that good design has the ability to make positive changes to the world. She enjoys spending time with her family and friends but notices that in the recent days, it is becoming harder to interact with them in real life due to the distraction of social media.

social media addiction

Abstract.

In this technologically advanced society, it is inevitable we that use social media as tools to help us connect with one another due to various reasons, such as convenience and quick dissemination of information. However, one can be addicted to social media when he spends too much time on them and start to neglect other important priorities. In this report, we discuss about social media, the consequences of social media addiction, and finally propose a solution in hopes of alleviating this problems.

(Rogo, 2014)

social media addiction

Contents.

01

Introduction to Social Media

02

Background

03

Problem of Social Media Addiction Definition & People Causes Consequences

04 Design Solution

05 Bibliography

Target Audience 2-Phase Campaign People Susceptible Evaluation

1 1 (Choi, 2014) 2 (Suite994, 2014) 3 (Tovuuch, 2014) 4 (Poglia, 2014) 5 (Smith, 2012)

2 3 4

5

social media addiction

introduction

01 Introduction to Social Media

Decades ago, no one would have imagined that one could simply snap a photo or type a message and share it with the world within split seconds. It is all thanks to the advancement in Internet technology in the late 1990s that has eventually led to the exponential growth of social media (Dewing, 2012).

Social Media refer to online tools that help us “create, share, or exchange information, ideas, and media in virtual communities and networks” (“Social Media”, u.d.). The most popular social media sites in Singapore are Facebook, Google+, as well as media-sharing sites like Youtube (Refer to Figure 1).

The growth of social media has allowed millions of people to stay in contact with one another by providing a “faster way to make a connection” (Cosmato, 2013). However, as much as social media bring about convenience in our daily lives, there are always two sides of the same coin. In the next section, we discuss about the impacts of social media.

3

Figure 1: Top Social Media Sites in Singapore

70% 50% 45% (Hashmeta, 2014)

(Choi, 2014)

social media addiction

background

02 Background Research Pros of Social Media 01 Worldwide Connectivity and Convenience Social media enable worldwide connection and bring about convenience in many aspects of our lives. For instance, companies are using social media as tools of recruitment and these sites have provided many job opportunities as due to the “wider pool of applicants and more efficient searching capabilities�, such that 64% of companies are on two or more social networks for recruiting (Jobvite, 2012). This also evident from the different social networking sites that companies use to hire their employees (Refer to Figure 2).

Figure 2: % of companies hiring through social media

15% 26% 89% (HR Focus, 2012)

Besides being platforms for job opportunities, social media also positively impact the education sector as previously unavailable educational resources have become accessible to a wider group of people. Researchers from different fields are sharing information such as photos, updates and they work together with remote colleagues to find a wider diversity of subjects through social media. This in turn makes the research procedures and results more transparent and accessible to a larger audience. (Christie, 2011) Additionally, social media create opportunities for teachers to work together with students as well as colleagues outside the class time (Stansbury, 2011). In the United States, more than 80% of college and university faculty use social media; more than 50% use it for teaching; and 30% for communicating with students (Blankenship, 2010).

pros of social media

5

(Malta, u.d.)

social media addiction

background

02 Quick Dissemination of News and Information One of the many reasons for the growth of social media is the speed at which news and information are disseminated.

In a research done in the United States, over 50% of people learn about breaking news on social media while in the professional industry, 65% of traditional media reporters and editors use sites like Facebook and LinkedIn for story research, and 52% use Twitter (Mayi, 2014). In the 2012 Aurora Shooting, Youtube and Twitter users reported the shooting before the news teams arrived at the scene, and the Red Cross urged “witnesses to tell family members they were safe via social media outlets” (Hughes, Pesce, 2012) as they knew it was the fastest way to get their message across to their loved ones.

Other than spreading news, social media play a part in creating awareness for campaigns and organisations. For instance, the Sticks and Stones campaign effectively makes use of Twitter to reduce the stigma that surrounds mental health and learning disabilities and successfully reached 100,000 pledges to challenge the stigma (“Royal Seal of approval for ‘Sticks and Stones’ campaign”, 2012).

(Malta, 2012)

pros of social media

7

(Schmitz, 2014)

03 Improving and Building Relationships As compared to what we had decades ago, there is “no easier or faster way to make a connection than via the social network” when we are searching for people we have lost contact with. For instance, just this year, a pair of twins separated at birth was reunited with the use of Facebook (Cosmato, 2013). Besides reconnecting with our loved ones, social media also help in strengthening relationships, in which a survey done by IBM shows that 70% of adult social networking users visit the sites to connect with friends and family (“People use social networks to connect with friends and family, sometimes brands”, 2011). Additionally, social media increase opportunities in making new friends, as shown from a research study that 57% of teenagers make new friends with the use of social media (Rideout, 2012).

In many ways, social media help us to “exchange news and get updated on friends and families” and traditional methods of communication like snail mails are getting “replaced by virtual avatars and private messages” (Wallace, 2015).

social media addiction

background

Cons of Social Media 01 Invasion of Privacy As discussed earlier, social media make worldwide connection possible. However, they also cause invasion of privacy through the personal information that we share on these platforms. On Facebook, 28% of the users share almost all their wall posts publicly and almost 13 million users had never set or know about the privacy tools available (“Facebook and your Privacy”, 2012). This shows that anyone can easily make use of social media to search for personal details even without us knowing and even as we set our privacy details to private, social media sites are able to “collect and analyse information about users’ tweets, posts, comments, likes, shares, and recommendations” (Becket, 2012) in order to specifically target advertisements at the selected audience.

To further support that social media invade our privacy, a primary school teacher, Sammy Roo, conducted a social experiment by posting a supposedly “private” Snapchat picture on her Facebook account and asked her friends to “share, like and comment” wherever they are (White, 2015). As of recently, her photo has gotten over 29,000 likes and 34,000 shares, further proving that privacy does not actually exist online, especially with the rise of media sharing sites (Refer to Figure 3).

Figure 3: Sammy Roo Sn

cons of social media

9

napchat Picture on Facebook

(Roo, 2015)

social media addiction

background

02 Cyberbullying Being the second smallest Asian country, Singapore has the “second-highest rate of online bullying among children and youths between the ages of eight and 17”.

Among the children who were being surveyed, 58% of them had gone through a series of online activities that can be considered as cyberbullying and that may have adverse effects (“Singapore is the Second Highest Nation of Cyberbullies”, 2014).

I n Singapore, one in every three students has been a victim of cyberbullying.

(Baig, 2014)

quarter of sudents have used social A networks to bully their peers (Baig, 2014).

(Baig, 2014)

03 Misleading Information While social media are convenient tools for readers to get updates on the latest news, they also allow a widespread of unreliable information. It is reported that 49.1% of people have read of breaking news via social media that turned out to be fake (Marino, 2012). While receiving fake news does not necessarily affect us, it becomes serious when consequential rumours are spread. For instance, on September 5, 2012, false rumours of fires and shootouts in a Mexico City suburb spread through Twitter and Facebook have caused panic, drowned the local police with over 3,000 phone calls, and temporarily closed schools (Rodriguez, 2012).

Besides being misled by unsupported news, users of social media are also exposed to misleading healthcare information. Researcher Saurabh Mukewar pointed out that patients should be cautious when they access online medical information as there are pharmaceutical companies that “post videos to make it seem like they are coming from a patient when in actuality it is a company advertisement” (Lowes, 2011), showing how information online, especially on social media, are not always reliable.

cons of social media

11

(Stöki & Orsi, 2015)

04 Social Media Addiction Generally speaking, social media function like a double-edged sword. Social media “bring people together, but also play a big role in disseminating information on a variety of subjects” (Hurley, 2013). On the other hand, social media affect our lives negatively as our privacy is invaded, but the biggest and the most crucial problem is actually the addiction of social media. In the next section, we look into this problem in greater depth and analyse the causes of it.

social media addiction

problem of social media addiction

03 Problem of Social Media Addiction Definition Social Media Addiction is when someone spends too much time on any form of social media, such as Facebook, Twitter – “so much so that it interferes with other aspects of daily life”. One common sign of social media addiction is hyper networking – spending more than three hours on social networks per day (Fraizer, u.d.). Currently, there is no authorised recognition of this addiction as a disease or disorder but the cluster of behaviours related to excessive use of social media has become the subject matter of much research (Walker, 2012).

In most cases, people feel compelled to go on social media sites so much so that it becomes a harmful routine when other important aspects of their lives, such as work, school and health are affected. Social media addicts therefore refer to individuals who place social media as their top priority when it comes to their daily lives (Walker, 2012).

People Susceptible to Social Media Addiction Based on the Young Asians Survey conducted in 2010, 68% of youths in Singapore are engaged with social networking services (“Digital Media in Singapore”, 2010). Due to the various causes that were mentioned in the previous section, younger people would find it harder to put a distance between themselves and social media as they “put everything onto their phone and computers to interact digitally” (“Facebook Addiction: Addicted to Social Media Posting”, 2014). This becomes a concern for us as we look into the consequences of being addicted to social media in the next section.

definition & people

13

(Ahmad, 2014)

social media addiction

problem of social media addiction

Causes of Social Media Addiction 01 Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) is a form of social anxiety defined by “the desire to stay continually connected with what others are doing” (Przybylski, 2013).

Based on statistics, 56% of social media users are actually afraid of missing out on important news and status updates when they are away from social networks (Kelly, 2013). With the significant increase in popularity of social media over the years, they seek the constant need to keep themselves updated with the world through the various media platforms in fear of “missing out”. Social media therefore form a huge part of our lives and when we spend too much time trying to get in touch with others, we eventually become addicted to them.

(Helpster, 2014)

causes

15

02 An Escape from Reality Social media are not just platforms to connect with people. For some others, social media are platforms where they can relieve unpleasant feelings bottled up in their real lives. These unpleasant feelings include stress, loneliness, depression, anxiety, etc (Saisan, M.S.W., Smith, M.A., Robinson, Sagal, 2014). Social media act as a “temporary escape from reality� (Ready, 2014) as they allow us to express thoughts and feelings easily. It is also sometimes easier to open up in social media than in real life. For instance, Fmylife.com is a funny social network platform where users can post short descriptions about the crazy things that happened in their lives. Despite the embarrassing moments that they face, users are still willing to make others laugh and brighten up their days (Refer to Figure 4).

Therefore, when people seek understanding and find solace on social media, they tend to spend more time on such platforms, which would lead to addiction.

Figure 4: Screenshots of stories from FMyLife.com

(FMyLife.com, 2014)

social media addiction

problem of social media addiction

Consequences of Social Media Addiction

(Agg, 2014)

consequences

17

01 Health Problems Spending too much time on social media can result in many unhealthy behaviours such as poor sleeping patterns, drop in academic performance, and even suicide (Frazier, u.d.). A study has shown that in the hour before sleeping, 95% of the people actively use technology such as “television, computer, video game or cell phone” (“Annual Sleep in America Poll Exploring Connections with Communications Technology Use and Sleep”, 2012).

Gadgets with LED screens such as mobile phones and tablets emit “blue light – a type that studies suggest can inhibit the production of the sleep-inducing hormone melatonin and disrupt our circadian rhythms” (Beil, 2013). This makes our bodies think that it is still daytime which might cause us to spend even more time trying to fall asleep, resulting in poor sleeping patterns. Also, when students spend lesser time on their school work or paying attention in classes, there will be a drop in their academic performance (“How Social Media Is Killing Student Success”, 2013).

(Rojas, 2015)

social media addiction

problem of social media addiction

consequences

19

02 Detachment in Social Life Ironically, excessive usage of social media would create social isolation in our lives. Social media can aggravate feelings of disconnection and it has become more evident in recent years that despite living in a world with more “novel modes of socialising, we have less and less actual society”. It contradicts the main purpose of social media – which is to connect us as “the more connected we become, the lonelier we are” (Marche, 2012). As people spend more time on social media, they experience less face-to-face interaction (Frazier, u.d.), which would in turn hinder social interaction skills with others (Mumford, 2012).

In 2012, a study by USC Annenberg School found a rise in the percentage of people reporting less face-to-face time with family in their homes (Refer to Figure 5).

Figure 5: % of people reporting less face-to-face time with family in their homes

2000

8%

2011

34% (Special Report: America at the Digital Turning Point., 2012)

Another study shows that 32% of the social media users use social media or text during meals instead of talking with family and friends (Pan, 2012), further emphasising how social media is disconnecting us from our loved ones.

According to a leading neuroscientist, social media sites affect our attention spans and our ability to engage in real life interactions with people around us as experiences on social media sites are “devoid of cohesive narrative”, unlike real life conversations which require us to think on the spot and work on our communication skills (Wintour, 2009).

(Shepard, 2013)

social media addiction

problem of social media addiction

consequences

21

03 Losing Self-Esteem Being addicted to the social media also has adverse effects on our self-esteem. Relying on the number of “likes” from posts and pictures, social media addicts look for “outward acceptance” instead of building self-esteem from personal strengths and passion (Kelsven, 2013). At the same time, as real life social interaction become great challenge for these people, they would find it easier to communicate in the virtual world and choose to isolate themselves from others in real life (Pamoukaghlian, 2011).

A study conducted by University of Salford in the UK has also proved that spending too much time on social media can result in low self-esteem and anxiety. The participants mentioned that “their self-esteem suffers when they compare their own accomplishments to those of their online friends”. Also, a quarter of them encountered work or relationship difficulties because of “online confrontations”, while more than half feel “worried and uncomfortable” when being deprived of Facebook or email (Soltero, u.d.).

(Fuchs, 2014)

social media addiction

problem of social media addiction

consequences

23

(Boyle, 2013)

All in all, social media provide convenience in many aspects of our lives and would only become a problem when we spend too much time on these platforms and let them interfere with our daily routines. Upon analysing the consequences of social media addiction, this problem has come to our attention and would require some efforts to help alleviate it. In the next section of the report, we would be proposing our design solution.

social media addiction

design solution

04 Proposed Design Solution

Target Audience Previously mentioned, the younger generation is the one growing up with technology and would be more prone to being addicted to social media as compared to the older generation (“Facebook Addiction: Addicted to Social Media Posting”, 2014). According to the National Youth Council, those between 15 and 35 years old are considered as youths (National Youth Council, u.d.). However, as research has shown that those who are 21 and above are more mature in their thinking and can practice more self-control as compared to people of younger age (“Self-control”, 2015), our target audience for our proposed solution would be narrowed down to age range of 15 to 20 years old to help alleviate the problem of social media addiction more effectively (Refer to Figure 6).

Figure 6: Chosen Target Audience Youths in Singapore (Age)

15 Chosen target 21 audience

35

target audience

25

(Levy, 2014)

social media addiction

design solution

2-Phase Campaign: The Escape Plan The name of the 2-Phase campaign is called “The Escape Plan�, with the main objectives of raising awareness of social media addiction and encouraging more face-to-face interactions. Flat graphical style and infographics would be used to help our target audience to digest large amount of information more easily and to further appeal to these group of people (youths), we make use of vibrant colours and bold typefaces to capture their attention (Refer to Figure 7).

Figure 7: Moodboard

2-phase campaign

27

SOCIAL MEDIA ADDICTION Phosphate

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.

Suspendisse non lacus vitae diam volutpat iaculis. Quisque dapibus gravida quam.

Avenir

1

2

3

6 4

5

1 (Faura, 2014) 2 (Zhang, 2013) 3 (Zhang, 2013) 4 (Amazing Infographics, 2012) 5 (Varona, 2014) 6 (Stop Phubbing, 2012) 7 (Stop Phubbing, 2012) 8 (Zhang, 2013)

7

8

social media addiction

design solution

Phase 1 The first phase of our campaign is carried out online for one month to raise awareness of social media addiction through the more common online platforms like Facebook (Refer to Figure 1). Social media platforms are chosen as our beginning point as these are places where the problem began and the spread of news and information has proven to spread the fastest on these platforms, as shown in earlier sections.

A series of posters would be published on social media sites like Facebook and Twitter.

Phase 1: Online Raise awareness of social media addiction through online platforms

Figure 8: Poster for Mini Quiz

Social Media Addict?

Series of posters

One of the posters includes a mini quiz to help users identify if they are social media addicts, and the ways in which they can identify if their friend or family member is one (Refer to Figure 8).

2-phase campaign

29

Figures 9 - 11: Posters for Consequences

Social Media Addict?

losing self-esteem

Relying on the number of “likes” addicts receive from their posts and pictures, these people look for “outward acceptance instead of building confidence” by going after their personal strengths and passion. http://theescapeplan.com

At the same time, there would be other posters which would explain the various consequences of social media addiction, hoping to give them more motivation to break away from this habit of theirs after the realise the seriousness of this addiction (Refer to Figure 9 - 10).

At the bottom of these posters, there would be a link in which users can visit if they are interested to find out more about our “Escape Plan” campaign.

health problems

Spending too much time on social media can result in many unhealthy behaviours such as poor sleeping patterns, drop in academic performance, and even suicide (Frazier, u.d.).

http://theescapeplan.com

social isolation

Social media has the ability to aggravate feelings of disconnect and it has become more evident in recent years that despite living in a world with more “novel modes of socialising, we have less and less actual society”. http://theescapeplan.com

Spending too much time on social media can result in many unhealthy behaviours such as poor sleeping patterns, drop in academic performance, and even suicide! http://theescapeplan.com

social media addiction

design solution

Phase 1: Online Raise awareness of social media addiction through online platforms

Figure 12: Website Information Pages

The Escape Plan Series of posters

Infographic interactive website

enter

Our website would be in the style of an interactive infographic, in which we would be using more visuals and less words. As the user click on the “enter� button, they would be directed to a page showing the mini quiz.

Figure 13: Pledge Page

Take a pledge today!

You can make a change. Come and join us and take the pledge to help fight social media addiction!

Finally at the bottom of the page, there would be a pledge button in which they can pledge to spend more time away from social media and engage in more face-to-face interactions.

2-phase campaign

Are you a Social Media Addict?

31

Are you Social Media Addict?

How it acan affect your life: Being a social media addict can affect your life in many different aspects.

Here are a list of consequences you might face.

This is for those who chanced upon the site without seeing the posters before. They would then be able to take the quiz to identify if they are social media addicts.

Take a pledge How it can affecttoday! your life: You can make a change. Come and join us and take the Being a social media addict can affect your life in many different pledge to help fight social media addiction! aspects. Here are a list of consequences you might face.

Thank you for taking the pledge.

Share it with your friends?

Take a pledge today!

You can make a change. Come and join us and take the pledge to help fight social media addiction!

YOU ARE SPECIALLY INVITED TO: The Escape Plan: Bringing Online Games Offline– Singapore’s Largest Real Life Games 24 January 2015: Habbo 31 January 2015: Sims 7 February 2015: Blackshot 14 February 2015: AuditionSea

After clicking the pledge button, there would share buttons for them to share their pledge with their friends and followers on their social media sites, therefore getting free publicity for our campaign. This is also the part where they would be introduced to the second phase of our campaign – a real life event.

The site would be a vertical scrolling page and as they scroll further down, it would display the full lists of consequences of being addicted social media.This is to highlight on the seriousness of the issue and thus to motivate more people to quit the addiction.

social media addiction

design solution

Phase 2: Offline Encouraging real life activities via themed event

Figure 14: Offline Event Weekly Schedule Week 1

Week 2

Habbo Hotel (Socialising) Sims (Socialising)

(Wong, 2014)

The second phase of our campaign would be bringing people offline through weekly events over one month to encourage real life activities. The objective of this event is to make them realise that face-to-face interactions cannot be replaced by social media, and that self-esteem can be built in real life. As users would only be informed of the event if they have taken the quiz and pledge to spend less time on social media, willing participants would be attending the event. During the course of the event, mobile phones would be surrendered to encourage participants to engage in real life conversations and not get distracted by their mobile phones.

Each week, there would be a themed event that participants can attend either on their own to get to know new friends or with their existing friends who have also taken the pledge according to the online games – Habbo, Sims, Blackshot, AuditionSEA. These different games would appeal to different groups of people, namely people who enjoy socialising (Habbo and Sims), sports (Blackshot) and music and dance (AuditionSEA) (Refer to Figure 14).

2-phase campaign

33

Week 3

Week 4

Blackshot (Sports) AuditionSea (Dance)

(Krause, 2009) (SimsOnline, 2014) (My Games, 2012)

social media addiction

design solution

Evaluation of Solution

Generally speaking, social media act like a doubleedged sword.

evalation of solution

Social media “brings people together, but it also plays a big role in disseminating information on a variety of subjects� (Hurley, 2013).

However, it becomes a problem when we become addicted to them to the point that we prioritise them over other important aspects of our lives. With the help of our proposed solution, we hope to help youths understand the seriousness of social media addiction and through taking part in our offline event, it would make them to realise that real life interactions are far more valuable than online, and that it is not only through social media that one can boost self esteem and confidence.

35

(Foursquare, 2010)

social media addiction

bibliography

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