Footscray 3011 Precinct Structure Plan - Akla Nanayakkara by Akla N

FOOTSCRAY 3011 PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN AKLA NANAYAKKARA (Solutions, 2016)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS URBAN PRECINCT STUDIO COORDINATOR Gwenda Kullen

URBAN PRECINCT STUDIO ADMINISTRATOR Raju Mazumdar

URBAN PRECINCT STUDIO TUTOR Adelise Pearson

FOOTSCRAY 3011 TEAM Emily Vongsaraphanh Hayley Jung Peter Wang Akla Nanayakkara

COVER Emily Vongsaraphanh

LOGO Emily Vongsaraphanh

INDEX

INTRODUCTION

CONTEXT

PRECINCT OVERVIEW

TECHNICAL ASSESSMENTS

ISSUES

OPPORTUNITIES

ASPIRATIONAL CIT Y

VISION

THEMES & OBJECTIVES

FRAMEWORKS

IMPLEMENTATION

REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION Existing

Metropolitan activity centre

Emerging

National employment cluster Emerging

Education precinct (State Government Victoria 2014)

Fig 1.1 Footscray's state & national significance

10 m i n u t e wa l k â&#x20AC;˘8

5 minute walk â&#x20AC;˘ 4

THE NEED FOR A STRUCTURE PLAN

00m

Footscray is identified as an existing metropolitan activity centre in Victoria (State Government 2014) for its established city centre well supported by a range of community infrastructure and facilities and strong transport connections.

(Google Maps 2016)

Fig 1.0 Footscray 3011 precinct aerial view Roads Precinct Boundary Footscray Railway Station

400

800m

Footscray's population is expected to boom from 16,387 in 2015 to 30 500 by 2031 (Profile.id 2016). The Footscray Structure Plan of 2013 identifies a strategy for managing population growth. However , it does not consider Footscray's role as an emerging education and employment precinct of the West (Maribyrnong City Council 2013). The precinct structure plan, Footscray 3011 is an initiative to facilitate growth and improve liveablity whilst considering Footscray's prospects as an educationand employment precinct of the West (State Government Victoria 2014). It does so, using the frameworks of development potential, access and movement, public realm and environmental sustainability and resilience.

INTRODUCTION PRECINCT BOUNDARIES An 800m radius from Footscray Station was used as a rough guide to identify the area which is 10 minutes walking distance from the station, capturing the Activity Centre Zone (ACZ), the residential area to the North (GRZ1 and NRZ1), Footscray Nicholson Campus and an underutilised industrial land to the South.

VICTORIA UNIVERSITY FOOTSCRAY PARK CAMPUS

The boundaries were further extended to capture Victoria University Footscray Park Campus and Footscray Park. The Maribyrnong River informs the Eastern edge of the precinct while the Western edge is informed by an arterial road: Geelong Road and Victoria Street.

RATIONALE FOR PRECINCT BOUNDARIES The boundaries were extended to include the two university campuseses as they are Footscray's strongest assests in developing an education precinct. Its incorporation longside the ACZ creates the possibility for better integration between the university and the city in developing as an education precinct and creating a knowledge economy. The ACZ is also the area with the greatest potential for population growth.

VICTORIA UNIVERSITY NICHOLSON CAMPUS

Footscray Park (see PPRZ in Fig 1.2) and the Maribyrnong riverfront were included as they are valuable assets in providing public open space which is essential in a liveable city.

INDUSTRIAL LAND

Fig 1.2 Rationale for precinct boundaries

The boundaries extended to include the industrial land to the South as it can be re-purposed to aid in integrating the university with Footscray.

Edges

ACZ GRZ1 IN3Z MUZ NRZ1

800m radius N

400m

PPRZ PUZ2

PUZ4 RDZ1 RDZ2 SUZ1 SUZ3 Train Tracks Footscray Station

VIEWS TO MELBOURNE CITY

CONTEXT CONTEXT

METROPOLITAN CONTEXT

IMMEDIATE CONTEXT

10 8

CONTEXT

METROPOLITAN Maryborough

Highpoint Shopping Centre

Mt Gambier Ballarat Warrnambool Bendigo

Melbourne Airport

Geelong Mt Gambier

21 km

Mildura Ararat

4km

Melbourne CBD 5 km

MOONEE PONDS MAIDSTONE

WEST FOOTSCRAY

UR Y

FOOTSCRAY

KENSINGTON

WERRIBEE

SUNBU

WIL

LIA

MST OW

TOTTENHAM SEDDON

WEST MELBOURNE

KINGSVILLE YARRAVILLE BEE WERRI WILLIAM STOWN

It is one of the few cities in the West to have university campuses and the only city in the West to have two.

Footscray Precinct Boundaries Surrounding Suburbs

Metro Rail Project

MELBOURNE

Footscray which originated as the port town Saltwater is currently a major transport hub to the West (Fig 2.0 & 2.1), accessible by 3 metropolitan railway lines, 21 bus routes and 15km of bicycle lanes (Maribyrnong City Council 2015). It is located 5km West of Melbourne's CBD and is reachable within 7min by train.

Fig 2.1 Footscray within metropolitan context (Jin & Nanayakkara 2016)

Existing Rail

Fig 2.0 Footscray Station: a significant regional link

FLEMINGTON

BRAYBROOK SU

Melbourne city

Swan Hill Echuca/Moama Maryborough

MARIBYRNONG

Victoria University Sunshine 7.5km

Footscray Railway Station

400

800m

CONTEXT

IMMEDIATE Mervyn Hughes Oval

Footscray Hospital

Flemington Racecourse

UNIVERSITY

INDUSTRIAL FOOTSCRAY MARKET

RETAIL

FOOTSCRAY STATION ARTS

UNIVERSITY

Whitten Oval

CIVIC

10 minute walk • 80 0

COMMUNITY SERVICES

inute walk • 1600m

TEMPLE

LITTLE SAIGON

20 m

WETLAND

RESIDENTIAL

In the immediate surrounds of the precinct exist the landmark recreational and sport facilities of Flemington Racecourse, Whitten Oval, and Mervyn Hughes Oval, all within 20 minutes walking distance from Footscray Railway Station. Footscray Hospital. Yarraville Gardens and the West Meklbourne Port too fall under the 20 minute walking catchment.

EDUCATION INDUSTRIAL

West Melbourne Port

Yarraville Gardens Fig 2.2 Immediate context of the precinct

400

800m

Railway Station Train Tracks Roads Districts Public Open Space Precinct Boundary/ Edges

"WE ARE FROM MANY LANDS"- ST MONICAS'S PRIMARY SCHOOL

What makes Footscray Footscray?

PRECINCT OVERVIEW

KEY FEATURES

NEIGHBOURHOOD STATISTICAL PROFILE

SOCIAL CHARACTER

PRECINCT OVERVIEW 12

PRECINCT OVERVIEW

KEY FEATURES

UNIVERSITY

Key features of Footscray can be identified as districts within the precinct. WETLAND

RESIDENTIAL

TEMPLE

LITTLE SAIGON INDUSTRIAL

COMMUNITY SERVICES

10 minute walk â&#x20AC;¢ 800

FOOTSCRAY MARKET

RETAIL

FOOTSCRAY STATION ARTS

UNIVERSITY

CIVIC

As such, Fig 3.0 reveals that Footscray is composed of a variety of districts, ranging from community services (a library and community hub) to a wetland (Newells Paddock Wetland). These diverse range of features make Footscray unique.

EDUCATION INDUSTRIAL

Fig 3.0 Key features (Berry & Nanayakkara 2016) N

Districts

400m

Railway Station Train Tracks Roads Public Open Space Maribyrnong River

PRECINCT OVERVIEW

NEIGHBOURHOOD STATISTICAL PROFILE

Majority of Footscray's population is made up of youths (couples, singles and homesharers under 35). It also has a strong multicultural character evident in that 59% of the population was born overseas and 60% speak a language other than English (See Fig 3.1).

Median Property Prices

$730k rent $400 p/w

$380k rent $320 p/w

house

unit

$800k $600k

37%

14% clerical and administrative

27%

59%

independant youth

$400k

Alongside these positive aspects are negative aspects such as weak economic conditions identifieable by the low median weekly household and individual icomes (Fig. 31). The comparison of the median individual income (per week) with the median property prices identify the need for affordable housing in Footscray.

19% independant adult

proffesional occupation

born overseas

$200k $0k 2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2014

19%

$1059

median combined household income p/w

$487

2013

median individual income p/w

2015

56%

work full time

30.2%

work part time

fullly owned

60%

speak a language other than english

54% rented

(Realestate 2016)

Fig 3.1 Footscray neighbourhood statistical profile (Emily Vongsaraphanh 2016)

PRECINCT OVERVIEW

SOCIAL CHARACTER These stories from the people of Footscray highlight the rich social character of the area which this precinct structure plan aims to retain and further foster.

The community’s beautiful and there is a lot of really raw street art that’s around, so that’s always a benefit to me. I came from Yugoslavia. I’ve been here nearly 49 years. My friends are here for coffee, always, every day. Footscray has changed too much. But if I go to a different place it would be boring. All my best friends are here.

I love the multiculturalism and diversity in Footscray. I love that you can be yourself. People are more aware of it now, being close to the city, I just hope they don’t move out the lower class people and make it just for the higher class people, that’s my main concern. Because that’s how it always is.

If you don’t have money, you come here, you sit here. And if your friend comes and invites you, you eat or have coffee.

Source: http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-02-26/footscray-photo-essay-melting-pot-to-hipster-hotspot/7200366

Fig 3.2 A glimpse into the social character of Footscray (Vongsaraphanh 2016)

ROUTE 82 TRAM: FOOTSCRAY TO MOONEE PONDS

4 L AND USE

HERITAGE

INNUNDATION

COMMUNIT Y INFRASTRUCTURE & FACILITIES

STREET NET WORK

FREIGHT

TRANSPORT

RISK

TECHNICAL ASSESSMENTS 17

TECHNICAL ASSESSMENTS

LAND USE

PPRZ Focus: Public open space

PUZ2 Focus: Education promoting and supporting education and related services.

NRZ1 Focus: Residential Predominantly one or two storey Limited range of non residential use - where appropriate MUZ Focus: Residential, commercial, industrial or other uses

ACZ Focus: business, shopping, working, housing, leisure, transport and community facilities. High density - 6, 10 and 25 storey buildings Mixed Use

PUZ4 Focus: Transport

SUZ1 Focus: Special use - Heavenly Queen Temple

RDZ2 Focus: Secondary roads

GRZ1 Focus: Residential Respect neighbourhood character Limited range of other nonresidentialuses

RDZ1 Focus: Arterial roads

IN3Z Focus: Industrial Buffer between industrial zone and community. Allows limited retail: convenience stores

SUZ3 Focus: Special use ESO overlay - development has environmental constraints

Fig 4.0 Understanding Footscray's land use

PUZ4

ACZ GRZ1

RDZ1 RDZ2

IN3Z MUZ

SUZ1 SUZ3

NRZ1 PPRZ PUZ2

Train Tracks Footscray Station

400

800m

TECHNICAL ASSESSMENTS

LAND USE

ISSUES While Fig 4.0 sheds light into the existing zoning guidelines of Footscray, visits to Footscray reveal that the regulations are not necessarily complied with. The Activity Centre Zone (ACZ) identifies a region of high density growth of 6, 10 or 25 storey buildings in the current Footscray Structure Plan (2013) however in truth the majority of the ACZ is composed of one or two storey buildings (See Fig 4.1) and a few buildings which reach the heights of 10 or 25 storeys. Futhermore, a significant number of the such buildings which were approved provide no active ground floor (Fig 4.2) which creates inactive streets. Such streets contribute to and is also fueled by the absence of passive surveilance (Jacobs 1961) which adds to the perception of risk in Footscray (See page 28)

OPPORTUNITIES The block of land zoned IN3Z, can be rezoned to ACZ so that it may be used to cater for the need for affordable housing alternatives in Footscray (See Fig 3.1)

30m 25m 20m 15m 10m 5m

shops

Sin

rey Sto e l g

on res Sto

e Str ns i k p

a tscr Foo

e ark yM

t u Do

Fig 4.1 Footscray's built character (Vongsaraphanh 2016)

rey Sto e l b

Fig 4.2 A French St building with no active ground floor

TECHNICAL ASSESSMENTS

HERITAGE BUILT HERITAGE

w sH

MAP OF FOOTSCRAY Heritage overlays are used to protect and retain places identified under the Public open space Main roads Victorian Heritage Register and locations of local significance. It is important as Markets it contributes to preserving the heritage character evident in specific areas of Section line Footscray (Fig 4.3)

Ballarat Road

Nichol son St

Donald St Dro

ay ilw

Barkly Stree

Irving St

ce Pla

Footscray Station

Hopkins Stree

all St

reet

A contributing factor to Public the dominance Open Space of one or two storey buildings in areas such as Hopkins St of the retail core (Fig 4.4) is the heritage significance of the Maribyrnong River buildings (Fig 4.3). Heritage Overlay

Buckley Stre

Nap

ier S tree t

Hyde St

BARKLY X NICHOLSON

Whit eh

SECTION

Moore Str eet

s ce

Prin

The existing built character of Footscray is expected to undergo change to cater to the population growth projected. However, buildings which add to the heritage character evident in certain parts of Footsray (Figure 4.4) will be retained. N MAP OF FOOTSCRAY0 sH

es nc

800m

Main roads

Moore Stre

n St Nicholso

400 400m

Public open space

Pri

Markets

Donald St

Footscray Station 1 Public Open Space 2 Maribyrnong River Heritage Overlay op

Dro

lway

Section line

e Plac

Rai

Barkly Stree

Hopkins Stree

Nap

ier St

Hyde St

reet

Whi te

Buckley Stre

BARKLY X NICHOLSON

hall

Stre et

Irving St

SECTION

Ballarat Road

400m

800

1600m

Fig 4.3 Heritage Overlay ( Vongsaraphanh 2016) 0

400 400m

800m

Fig 4.4 Elevation of Hopkins/Barkly St showing Edwardian and Victorian era shops (Vongsaraphanh 2016)

800

1600m

1:400 0

800

1600m

1:400

1. BARKLY

800

1600m

800

1600m

TECHNICAL ASSESSMENTS

HERITAGE INDIGENOUS

Footscray and its surrounds were originally home to the Woimurrung and Boonwurrung tribes of the Kulin nation. The river belt identified in Fig 4.5 has an aboriginal cultural sensitivity overlay due to its significance to indigenous Australian culture and its people. Therefore, any development that is to occur along the riverbelt will need an Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Management Plan and require the council to work with registered Aboriginal parties (RAPâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s) who are the voice of Aboriginal people in the management and protection of Aboriginal cultural heritage in Victoria (Victoria University 2015). The aboriginial cultural sensitivity overlay offers the opportunity to incorporate the aboriginal significance of the site in development that occurs along the river.

Fig 4.5 Area of aboriginal cultural sensitivity

Area of Aboriginal Cultural Sensitivity

Railway Station Train Tracks Roads Public Open Space Maribyrnong River Victoria University

400m

TECHNICAL ASSESSMENTS

INNUNDATION

The Land Subjected to Innundation Overlay identified in Figure 4.6 covers an area extending South from Newells Paddock Wetland and the Heavenly Queen Temple along the border of the Maribyrnong River. This land has a 1% probability of flooding during storm events (Maribyrnong City Council 2012). The probabiliy of flooding events are small, yet due to the risk posed, the number of uses the land may be used for are limited. However, it creates the opportunity for water sustainable urban design options to be incorporated to utilise the wetland and manage stormwater runoff within the precinct as it will aid in reducing the likelihood of flooding in the region.

LSIO N

400m

Fig 4.6 Land subjected to innundation overlay (Wang & Nanayakkara 2016) Railway Station Train Tracks Roads Public Open Space Maribyrnong River Victoria University

TECHNICAL ASSESSMENTS

COMMUNITY INFRASTRUCTURE & FACILITIES Roads Railway Station Train Tracks Tram Terminus Drinking Stations Public Toilets

Community infrastructure

Fig 4.7 Footscray's infrastructure and facilities

400m

Childrenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Centre & Childcare Kindergarten Primary School Secondary School University Library Playground Sports Facilities Public Open Spaces BBQ Youth Centre Community Arts Centre Community Services Funeral Services Legal Centre Maternal Health Services Police Station Senior Citizensâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Centre Town Hall Market

Footscray is very well equipped with a range of community infrastructure and facilities. It ranges from two university campuses, maternal health services, and a youth centre to sports facilities, all within 10 minutes walking distance from Footscray Station (Fig 4.7). The only aspect lacking is the availability of public active open space within the precinct. Major active open spaces are availble in the immediate context of the precinct (Fig 2.2) however within the precinct itself there is limited active open space that would cater for everyday local needs (Fig 4.8). Passive Open Space Active Open Space

400m

Fig 4.8 Active and passive public open space

TECHNICAL ASSESSMENTS

STREET NETWORK Arterial Roads

Secondary Roads

400m

Fig 4.9 Arterial roads (Jin & Nanayakkara 2016)

400m

Fig 4.10 Secondary roads (Jin & Nanayakkara 2016)

400m

Fig 4.10 Tertiary and other roads (Jin & Nanayakkara 2016)

Tertiary Roads Semi-private Roads/Laneways Nicholson Street Mall Railway Station Train Tracks Maribyrnong River Victoria University Arterial Roads Secondary Roads Tertiary Roads Semi-private roads/Laneway Nicholson Street Mall Footscrayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Heart

400m

Fig 4.11 Street network with civic heart (Jin & Nanayakkara 2016)

While Melbourne's proximity to the Port (Fig 2.2) is one of Melbourne's assests, it also creates traffic and congestion on Footscray's Roads. The traffic congestion in the heart of Footscray (Fig 4.11) needs to be addressed to prioritise active modes of transport (walking, cycling and transit) to create a true civic heart which is a place for people and not cars.

TECHNICAL ASSESSMENTS

FREIGHT

Fig 4.13 Public protests against the Moore St freight route (Byrne 2014)

Ballarat Rd, Moore St and Hopkins St are amongst primary routes taken by heavy vehicles travelling to the Port.

Fig 4.12 Freight routes 0

400m

Railway Station Train Tracks Freight Route GRZ NRZ Maribyrnong River Victoria University

Heavy vehicles travelling along Moore St create noise and pollution in a major residential area of the precinct which has resulted in public uproar (Fig 4.13). The Moore St freight route cannot be removed as it is necessary to serve the core of Footscray, yet this issue needs to be remedied.

TECHNICAL ASSESSMENTS

TRANSPORT PUBLIC TRANSPORT

Footscray has strong public transport connections both on the metropolitan (See Context p.9) and local scales (Fig 4.13).

Route 223 Highpoint SC

Route 404 Moonee Ponds

Route 409 Highpoint SC

On the local or neighbourhood scale the dominant mode of public transport are buses. 13 bus routes service central Footscray. Six of the thirteen bus routes run through Footscray while 7 routes use Footscray as the terminus. Footscray also has its own tram route: route 82 connecting the heart of Footscray to Highpoint Shopping Centre. The West of the precinct is well serviced, providing access to the community facilities and infrastructure, however the East and Southern end of the precinct has limited bus connections. Better connections between the North and South university campuses too are left to be desired.

Route 216 Sunshine Route 403 University of Melbourne Route 220 VU Sunshine

Route 220 Hoddle Grid

Route 414 Laverton Route 223 Seddon N

Railway Station Train Tracks Maribyrnong River Victoria University Bus Route Route 82 Tram Tram Stop Bus Stop Educational facilities Community Services Recreational spaces

Fig 4.14 Existing public transport network (Nanayakkara & Wang 2016) 0

400m

TECHNICAL ASSESSMENTS

TRANSPORT CYCLING & WALKING

Footscray has scenic walking and cycling routes along Maribyrnong River which connect to Footscray Park. However, walking and cycling for travel purposes is inconvenient and sometimes unsafe in Footscray as revealed by the disconnected walking and cycling network. The precinct also has number of crossings which are difficult crossings for pedestrians.

Fig 4.16 Scenic walking routes

Train Tracks Formal Paths Informal Paths Difficult Crossings Train Station N

400m

Fig 4.15 Existing walking and cycling network (Jin & Nanayakkara 2016)

University Campus Community Facilities Educational Facilities Recreation & Open Space

Fig 4.17 Wide intersections designed for cars not pedestrians

TECHNICAL ASSESSMENTS

RISK

Interviews at Footscray indicate that people perceive Footscray as unsafe. Personal experience and interviews with the community suggest that vacant buildings (Fig 4.18) and the dominant graffiti tagging aid in creating this negative image of Footscray. Inactive buildings create inactive streets. Such areas with poor or absent passive surveilance (Jacobs 1961) invite small vandalism such as graffiti tagging. Areas where such small vandalism is dominant appear to be in decay and invite crime in accordance with the Broken Window Theory (Fig 4.19;

$200k - $300k $300k - $400k $400k - $500k $500k - $600k $600k - $700k

Wilson & Kelling 1982)

$700k - $800k N

Legend

400

800m

Main roads

Fig 4.18 Identification of risk based on vacancy rate (Vongsaraphanh & Nanayakkara 2016)

$900k - $1m 0

High risk zone

Existing raw street culture

Single vacancy

Multiple vacancies

37%

400

800m

< $1m

Train station

BROKEN WINDOW THEORY

RISK

an be overcom hc

whi c

Multiple vacancies (High-end properties)

Fig 4.19 Broken Window Theory (Latinogangviolence 2016)

High risk zone*

High population of youths

Single vacancy (High-end properties)

For the reasons above risk is a significant issue that needs to be addressed in Footscray.

Main roads

Fig 4.20 Housing prices against percepindependant tion of risk (Vongsaraphanh & Nanayakyouths kara 2016)

"It's dangeous here, becareful. I'm just waiting for my husband"

y... eb

This perception of risk affects street life and investment in Footscray, as identifiable by Fig 4.20 which reveals that the areas with the highest vacancies are also the locations with the cheapest properties and as investment is limited.

ISSUES

PRIMARY ISSUES 1. Vacant buildings

Creating inactive streets and the perception of risk

2. Disconnect between strategic locations

Poor pedestrian experience and no direct access between North-South University Campuses

3. Weak neighbourhood character

Negative stigma surrounding Footscray resulting in poor community cohesion

400m

Fig 5.0 Map of issues

Train Tracks Freight Route Difficult Crossings Train Station University Campus Public Open Space High Risk Zone

Fig 5.1 Primary issues identified based on the technical assessments and the social and economic conditions of Footscray ( Nanayakkara & Vongsaraphanh 2016)

OPPORTUNITIES

PRIMARY OPPORTUNITIES 1.Integrate Victoria University with the city of Footscray

Work collaboratively with the university and community in tranforming Footscray into a university town Activate vacant buildings to activate the streets

2. Create connections between Victoria University and the strategic locations

Improve connections between the university and key community services Provide the people with a greater number of transport options Improve quality and experience of the public realm

400m

Fig 6.0 Map of opportunities (Vongsaraphanh & Nanayakkara 2016)

3. Build a sense of community Train Tracks

Address risk by building community cohesion

Footscray Station University Campus

Strengthen Footscray's identity

Public Open Space Vacant Building Proposed Housing Fig 6.1 Primary opportunities identifying future prospects for Footscray (Nanayakkara & Vongsaraphanh 2016)

ASPIRATIONAL CITY

PORTLAND, OREGON PORTLAND

Legend

m in

ew ut

a lk

YAMHILL

CULTURAL

• 80

HISTORIC

RESIDENTIAL

FOOTSCRAY

Roads Districts Public Open Space Landmark Boundary

DISTRICT

OFFICE

10 minute w a l k •8 00m

SALMON SPRING STREET (PDXCCENTRIC 2016) UNIVERSITY

Legend

Legend Legend

CXd CXdg

RESTAURANTS

ACZ ACZ GRZ1 GRZ1 ACZ IN3Z IN3Z GRZ1

RXd OSd

FOOTSCRAY'S RIVERFRONT

OSdr OSdg OSgs N

MUZ IN3Z MUZ NRZ1 MUZ NRZ1

N N

200m

400

800m

Osg Roads

200m

University

Fig 7.0 Key features of downtown Portland

University

Fig 7.1 Portland and Footscray land use comparison

NRZ1 PPRZ PPRZ PPRZ PUZ2 PUZ2 PUZ2 PUZ4 PUZ4

PUZ4 RDZ1 RDZ1 RDZ1 RDZ2 RDZ2 RDZ2

SUZ1 SUZ1 SUZ1 SUZ3 SUZ3 SUZ3 Train Train Tracks TrainTracks Tracks

Train Station Train Station Footscray Station Focus FocusArea Area

JUSTIFICATION

TOD

Portland is the main aspirational city considered in this structure plan. It was chosen as it is one of the most liveable cities in the world with strong similarities with Footscray in relation to the opportunities identified.Strategies from Portland are adopted to address the issues and opportunities in Footscray 3011, precinct structure plan. These strategies extend from the integration of the university with the city of Footscray to Footscray's greening strategy. TRANSIT MALL (ARCHITECTS NEWSPAPER 2011)

Fig 7.2 Downtown's development was governed by the transit oriented development along the transit mall

ASPIRATIONAL CITY

GRAFFITI CULTURE (PDXSTREETART 2014)

UNIQUE SCULPTURES (PINTEREST 2016)

SUPPORTING LOCAL ECONOMY (KEEPING PORTLAND WEIRD 2016)

Fig 7.3 Portland has strong cultural similarities with what is aspired for Footscray

"Let knowledge serve the city"

UNIVERSITY TOWN

CULTURE

PORTLAND, OREGON

Fig 7.4 Portland State University helping solve the city's problems and cultivate the city as a place learning (Portland State University 2016)

RISK FOOTSCRAY

PORTLAND - Crime rate is 93% higher than the national average - Portland is safer than 14% of the cities in the United States - In Portland you havea 1 in 18 chance of becoming a victim of crime

GOOD reputation

‘Silicon Forest’ with large corporations based here

83%

perceived safety

- Crimes against the person in Footscray is 5% lower than the state average -Footscray is 77% more livable than 321 of Melbourne’s other suburbs

Strong STIGMA

“It is not safe here” -survey results

Majority of jobs are in accomodation and food services

Fig 7.5 Comparison of perception of risk in Portland and Footscray further identifying that the perception of risk is more a reflection of Footscray's stigma than crime (Vongsaraphanh 2016)

VISION Consideration of Footscray's strategic context, the need for a structure plan and the issues and opportunities identified, a vision was formulated to guide Footscray's development for the course of 35 years (2016-2050) to strengthen its local identity while addressing its state level significance as an education precinct (State Government of Victoria 2014).

“

Footscray will thrive as a hub

for education and research in the West, through a partnership between Victoria University and the community. Their strategic

partnership will assist in integrating the university into the urban fabric both physically and socially, through creative use while

enhancing Footscray’s raw street

The collaboration between the university and the people will help build

ties between the

“

activate dead spaces culture. to

community and students as it fosters a safe, vibrant and multicultural Footscray. Sustainable transport will create convenient access

to the university campuses,

activated locations and open spaces; prioritizing pedestrians, cyclists and buses over the automobile to build a truly sustainable community.

THEMES & OBJECTIVES

INTRODUCTION VISION THEMES

themes need to be addressed: integrate, connect and community. Under these broad categories fall the objectives To achieve Footscray's vision, three key

OBJECTIVES STRATEGIC DIRECTIONS

INTEGRATE

CONNECT

which need to be accomplished related to each theme. The means by which the objectives may be achieved are identified as

Fig 9.0 Framework for achieving vision

strategic directions.

COMMUNITY

Fig 9.1 Themes

Integrate

Connect

Integrate Victoria University with the city of Footscray

Create connections between Victoria University & strategic locations

Community

Build a sense of community

Fig 9.2 Themes and objectives

university requires building a sense of community, just as good access between the university and key destinations is important in creating a well integrated university town.

Each day 20 000 university students visit Footscray to learn and study at Victoria University Nicholson Campus and Victoria University Footscray Park (Victoria University 2016). The campuses act as anchors drawing in students, residents and employees to the area. It is the largest employer in the municipality and provides 900 jobs within Footscray itself (Maribyrnong City Council, 2012). Maribyrnong City Council and Victoria University together established a joint vision for Footscray in 2013 to utilize the university campuses and shape Footscray into a university town. Integration of the university into the urban fabric of Footscray both physically and socially is a key characteristic of a university town, where the university spills into the city and the strong ties between the community and the university allow services and knowledge to be shared and innovative strategies to be used to address local problems. As identifiable by Figure 9.1 there are overlaps between the themes. Such an overlap is that integration of the

THEMES & OBJECTIVES

INTEGRATE

Integrate Victoria University with the city of Footscray

NORTH VU CAMPUS

The focus of theme Integrate will concentrate on integrating the university with the city of Footscray through the activation of vacant buildings located in the heart of Footscr ay.

SOUTH VU CAMPUS

Roads Train Tracks Footscray Station University Campus Public Open Space Vacant Building

400m

Fig 9.3 Integrating VU with the city of Footsray (Vongsaraphanh & Nanayakkara 2016)

THEMES & OBJECTIVES

INTEGRATE

JUSTIFICATION

Activates vacant buildings

Activates the streets

Improves feelings of safety

Strengthens neighbourhood character

Fig 9.4 Issues addressed by Integration

The integration of the university into Footscray's urban fabric will occur primarily through the activation of key vacant buildings identified in Fig 9.3. As revealed by Fig 4.18, Footscray has many vacant buildings. The vacancy cluster identified in Fig 9.3 was chosen as these vacancies are located at the heart of Footscray, along the North-South university corridor and are open to a mix of uses. The cluster captures vacant buildings located inside and outside the high risk zone which is identified for its large number of vacancies and the resulting perception of unsafety. The activation of the vacant building which are currently dead spaces will provide use of the buildings, drawing foot traffic to the area and provide people with reason to linger in the surrounds. This activation of the buildings and the streets will improve pedestrians feelings of safety and encourage further use of the area by residents and students. The creative use of buildings by the university and community and alongside the renewed street life will lift the negative stigma surrounding Footscray and strengthen its neighbourhood character.

THEMES & OBJECTIVES

INTEGRATE

STAGES The theme Integrate has been simplified to 4 to successfully integrate VU with the city Footscray through the activation of vacant buildings/spaces. These stages may be identified as the strategic directions for the theme Integrate. The first two stages of Integrating VU with Footscray have been completed thus far (Fig 9.5). Only strategic directions 3 and 4 remain. They are addressed indepth under Pedestrian Core (p58).

Figure 8.3 (See page 34) Memorandum of Understanding signed in Government Newspaper 2013 (Local Online 2013)

Create a partnership between the university, council and the community

02 Identify locations of dead spaces and vacant buildings

Integrate Victoria University with the city of Footscray

Collaborate and activate the spaces

Determine use of building/location

Creative use

Student housing

Fig 9.5 Strategic directions of Integrate and how they are being addressed

THEMES & OBJECTIVES

CONNECT

Create connections between Victoria University & strategic locations

NORTH VU CAMPUS

The theme Connect aids to improve connections between the North and South university campuses, activated spaces and community services in Footscray to encourage people to walk, cycle and commute to build a truly sustainable community.

SOUTH VU CAMPUS

Roads Train Tracks Footscray Station University Campus Public Open Space Vacant Building

400m

Fig 9.6 Creating connections between VU and strategic locations (Vongsaraphanh & Nanayakkara 2016)

THEMES & OBJECTIVES

CONNECT

JUSTIFICATION

well connected transport network

Safe streets for all

Builds a healthy community

An inclusive transport system

Fig 9.7 The benefits of focusing on Connect

As revealed by Fig 4.14 and 4.15 Footscray's transport network is disconnected and does not provide direct access between the two North and South university campuses and key destinations. Furthermore, Footscray's streets are perceived as unsafe and remain unfriendly for pedestrians due to its difficult crossings (Figure 5.0) and unattractive public realm. Footscray 3011's strategy for Access and Movement (page 56 ) will create a well connected transport system granting direct access between the university campuses and prioritise walking, cycling and travel by public transport over the automobile to encourage active modes of travel to build a healthy community. The shift from prioritising the car to people in relation to access also help develop a transport system which is inclusive of all regardless of age or wealth.

THEMES & OBJECTIVES

CONNECT

STAGES The stages/strategic directions for creating connections between VU, the activated spaces and community services are outlined in in Figure 9.8 The majority of the strategic directions are addressed in Access and Movement (page 56) with other strategic directions addressed under Public Realm (page 63).

Connect the: Campuses community services

04 Utilize graffiti as way finding

Activated spaces

Improve safety for cyclists and pedestrians

Create connections between Victoria University & the strategic locations

03 Improve quality and experience of streets

Fig 9.8 Strategic directions of Connect and how they are being addressed

THEMES & OBJECTIVES

COMMUNITY

CU RR

Build a sense of community

10 5

N IES I C N ACA TV N E

CRAY FOOTS

NORTH VU CAMPUS

n lso ho N ic

e et Str

N ic hol son St

ree t

o 119 H

Stre pkins

18 Albert Street

7 Paisley Street

148

et Stre son hol c i N

SOUTH VU CAMPUS

12 0

400m

ich

ols on

St re e

Fig 9.9 Building a sense of community through community involvement and the activation of spaces (Vongsaraphanh & Nanayakkara 2016) Roads Train Tracks Footscray Station University Campus Public Open Space Vacant Building

The theme Community focuses on building a sense of community. Building a sense of community is approached using a community engagement proces, to cultivate a sense of community through the active involvement of the community in the process of Footscray's development into a university town and the activation of vacant spaces.

THEMES & OBJECTIVES

COMMUNITY JUSTIFICATION

Community is an integral element of our project

Give people a voice & Opportunity to be heard

To ensure that the proposal aligns with community interests and needs

To get the community actively involved in the decision making process

Fig 9.10 Why are we building a sense of community?

Building stronger ties between:

Empowering

community members community and VU

by involving them in the decision making process

Creating opportunities for the people

Inviting community engagement in the future of Footscray

Fig 9.11 How are we building a sense of community?

The community is integral to our vision of Footscray as a university town, as it aims to work with the community to bring about change as in the joint activation of vacant spaces to better integrate the university with the community. Due to the reliance on community engagement in the success of this proposal, two of the biggest constraints in Footscray's transition to a university town are community opposition and a lack of engagement. Therefore this theme aims to give the community a voice and get them actively involved in the decision making process and through this engagement foster a sense of community. Building a sense of community was identified as an objective in this structure plan as it addresses the perception of risk evident in interviews with the

community (See page 28) which can be attributed to the negative stigma surrounding Footscray. In the year 2014-2015 90.3 per cent of Victorians surveyed felt safe or very safe when walking alone in their neighbourhood during the day (Department of Justice and Regulation 2016), yet in relation to Footscray, the annual community survey indicated that the perception of safety â&#x20AC;&#x153;in and around the Footscray CBDâ&#x20AC;? during the day was rated an average of 7.36 out of 10 (Maribyrnong City Council 2015). Creating stronger ties between community members by encouraging an interactive lifestyle will help reduce perception of risk by building community cohesion and strengthening neighbourhood character. 42

THEMES & OBJECTIVES

COMMUNITY INFORM THE COMMUNITY ABOUT THE PROJECT

STAGES

Have stalls at key locations

The stages/strategic directions designed to build a sense of community are identified in Fig 9.12.

INFORMATION SESSION FOLLOWED BY Q&A

INVITE TO THE CONSULTATION

The International Association Public Participation (IAP 2) spectrum was used to identify the different levels of engagement required at different stages of the community engagement process to design a community engagement process that builds sense of community.

Get the community interested

01 Inform

ONGOING FEEDBACK

02 Community engagement

Inform

Assess the project, its proposals and engagement process through community feedback

Consult

ONE-ON-ONE FEEDBACK ONLINE FEEDBACK

about the project

Consult

Build a sense of community

Empower the community through involvement with the university and the activation of spaces

See Pedestrian Core page 58

Example: English classes in vacant buildings Tutor: university student/community member

on needs, interests, wants

Development of strategies with the community and university representatives

STALLS AT KEY LOCATIONS to inform, answer & ask questions DISTRIBUTE SURVEYS

COLLECTIVE IDEA GENERATION SESSIONS

Involve

Collaborate

Fig 9.12 Strategic directions of Community and how they are being addressed

Each group:community members, project member and university representative

ENT MOVEM

CONNECT

INTEGRATE

COMMUNITY

PU B L IC

LM EA

& IAL OC

COMMUNITY NEE DS

DESIGN RESPON N A SE URB

S& CES AC

SUSTAINABILITY & RES ILIE NC E

OPMENT POTENTIAL L E V DE

FRAMEWORKS ADOPTED TO ACCOMPLISH STRATEGIC DIRECTIONS

TRAF F I C M AN A G E M EN

FRAMEWORKS

DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL

TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT

ACCESS & MOVEMENT

PUBLIC REALM

SUSTAINABILIT Y & RESILIENCE

1 Education & Employment Hub

2 Zoning & Overlays

3 Growth & Development

4 Built Character

5 Building Structure

DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL

6 Creative Housing

UNI

Footscray's greatest development potential is to develop as an education and employment hub- a university town. Footscray's strategic location as the gateway to Victoria's West (Fig 2.1 p9) alongside being a city well equipped with a range of educational and community facilities (Fig 4.7 p23) in addition to two university campuses positions it as an ideal candidate, to not only develop as a university town but to address existing issues within Footscray through this development.

Collaboration youths Internships Creative Industries

OUTDOOR LABS

EDUCATION & EMPLOYMENT HUB Innovation Interdisciplinary learning

3 key objectives need to be achieved for Footscray to develop as a university town: Integrate VU with the city of Footscray Create connections between VU and strategic locations Build a sense of community

LOCAL talent

Connected Services

Tech START UPS

‘Silicon Valley’ Outdoor Classrooms

LOCAL businesses knowledge sharing EMPLOYMENT clusters UNI TOWN shared facilities & services

Knowledge economy

Fig 10.1 Prospects brought about by Footscray University Town (Vongsaraphanh & Nanayakkara 2016)

These objectives are addressed in relation to the entire precinct, however, 3 catalyst projects will be focused on for their significance in helping Footscray develop as a university town.

Vacancy Cluster Public Open Space Riverfront Activation

The projects fall under specific frameworks:

Activation of Heart of Footscray (Pedestrian Core) Creative Housing

s ce

Ballarat Road

Nichol son St

Prin

Moore Str eet

Creative housing - Development Potential Pedestrian Core - Access and Movement Riverfront Activation - Public Realm

PEDESTRIAN CORE

Donald St op Dro

ce Pla ay ilw

Barkly Street

Nichol

Donald St op

Dro

Stre et

800m

Nap

ier S tree t

CREATIVE HOUSING

lace yP wa

Activation of Heart of Footscray Creative Housing

Hopkins Stre

Irving St

Stre et

400 400m

800m

RIVERFRONT ACTIVATION Fig 10.2 The catalyst projects (Vongsaraphanh & Nanayakkara 2016) hall

Nap

ier S tree t

Whit e

Buckley Stre

Hyde St

Fig 10.0 Footscray has the potential to become the Western education hub, connecting to Melbourne University (East) and Victoria University Sunshine Campus located further West (Vongsaraphanh CREATIVE HOUSING 2016).

Public Open Space RIVERFRONT Riverfront Activation ACTIVATION

hall

Buckley Stre

WEST EDUCATION HUB

Ballarat Road

Whit e

Barkly Street

FOOTSCRAY

400

Hyde St

s es inc

son St

PEDESTRIAN CORE

Hopkins Stre

Irving St

MELBOURNE UNIVERSITY PARKVILE CAMPUS

Moore Str eet

VICTORIA UNIVERSITY SUNSHINE CAMPUS

1 Education & Employment Hub

2 Zoning & Overlays

3 Growth & Development

4 Built Character

DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL

5 Building Structure

6 Creative Housing

ZONING & OVERLAYS Footscray's existing zoning and overlays are largely retained with minor changes and additions. These changes are proposed, to aid in Footscray's development into a university town while strengthening neighbourhood character and addressing community concerns related to the public realm.

University Integration Activity Centre Zoning

Strengthening Footscray’s Identity Design and Development Overlay

UNIVERSITY INTEGRATION

Protecting valuable aspects of the public realm Scenic Resource Overlay

STRENGTHEN FOOTSCRAY’S RAW STREET VIBE

Habitat Protection Overlay

Heritage Overlay

It follows on the example of Melbourne's RMIT university where there is a mix of university and commerial buildings, creating a strong relationship between the university and it's surrounds.

Area of Aboriginal Cultural Sensitivity Ballarat Road Activity Centre Zone Nichols

on St

Maribyrnong River

reet

y Hw

Moore St

University Integration

Donald St

t pS

oo Dr

ce Pla ay ailw

Barkly Street

Activity Centre Zoning

Strengthening Footscray’s Identity

The rezoning will allow mixed development to occur in the Protecting valuable aspects of the public realm university making the uniScenic Resource Overlayversity a place for the comHabitat Protection Overlay Buckley St reet munity in addition to students Nap ier S tree t and unviersuty stafff. While the rezoning is useful, Neighbourhood Character the activation of Heritage Overlay vacant buildings Area of Aboriginal Cultural Sensitivity N and the social Activity Centre Zone aspect to the in0 400m Maribyrnong River tegration is just Fig 10.3 Proposed zoning and overlays (Vongsaraphanh & Nanayakkara as significant. Hopkins Str eet

Design and Development Overlay

Hyde

Whit e

hall Stre e

Irving St

2016)

Scenic Resource Overlay

Habitat Protection Overlay

Establishes height limits to protect significant views and establishes additional landscaping standards to preserve and enhance identifed scenic resources.

Restricts uses or development harmful to the habitat of the Growling Grass Frog along Maribyrnong River.

University campuses zoned ACZ

Neighbourhood Character

es nc Pri

PROTECT VALUABLE ASPECTS OF THE PUBLIC REALM

400

800m

Neighbourhood Character Overlay Figure 10.3 identifies an area prone to graffiti tagging in Footscray. Tagging is associated with antisocial behaviour and vandalism. Property owners of this area receive the opportunity to work with streetWORKS, a program which has been very successful in reducing illegal graffiti in Footscray through legal artwork created through collaboration between artists and the community. It helps prevent graffiti tagging, activates blank interfaces, builds ties in the community and is an opportunity to celebrate local pride.

It is proposed as the people of Footscray highly value the visual and landscape amenity of Maribyrnong River (Maribyrnong City Council 2001). Adapted from Portland, Oregon: identified as Osgs in Fig 7.1 page 31

The Growling Grass Frog is a nationally significant animal. The Maribyrnong River is their natural habitat (Maribyrnong City Council 2001). This overlay is proposed to protect its natural habitat. It is based on Queensland's Habitat Protection Ovelay (Queensland Government 2006).

1 Education & Employment Hub

2 Zoning & Overlays

3 Growth & Development

4 Built Character

DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL

5 Building Structure

6 Creative Housing

GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT City of Maribyrnong expects a population growth of 2.1% per annum (Maribyrnong City Council 2016) Footscray’s existing population of 16,387 (2015) is expected to boom to 30 500 by 2031 (Profile.id 2016)

Ballarat Roa

n St Nicholso

400

800m

Currently Footscray’s average household size is 2.31 with the predominant housing type being single storey dwellings (45.5%) (Profile.id 2011). This trend of housing type cannot accommodate the projected population growth. Therefore, medium and higher density dwellings need to be encouraged to increase population density.

et Moore Stre

Irving St

400

Stre et Whit e

Hyde St

River

Hopkins Stree

reet

400m 0

2-10 storeys 1-3 storeys Public Open Space

Buckley Stre

Fig 10.5 Proposed distribution of population density taking into account building heights and zoning (Vongsaraphanh 2016)

Density is targeted around Footscray's core and follows existing public transport links similar to Portland's Transit Oriented Development (Fig 7.2) It takes into account zoning considerations and has areas with proposed fine grain development to cater to the human scale experience of the streets (See Fig 10.9).

800m

Whit ehal l St

Hyde St

ce Pla

FineSGrain A ARE E N LI Station L I RA

IC CIV AS ARE

400m

4-25 storeys 4-14 storeys

Rai

Barkly Stree

Station

ier S tree t

High Density

lway

400m

Fig 10.6 Distribution of density based on building W NTIA0L (Vongsaraphanh 400 800m 2016) NEheights IDE Nap

ier S tree t

RES

Hyde St

0 (2011) Fig 10.4 Footscray's population density

Donald St

Fine Grain

Hopkins Stre

IAL NEW IDENT Low Density S RE

HERITAGE

Pri

Low Density

Nap

Ballarat Road

Nicholso n St

High Density

es nc

ARE

hall

Stre et Whit e

ier S tree t

RAI

Buckley Str eet

hall

Nap

Hyde St

Whit e

Buckley Str eet

NE L LI

Irving St

(Atlas.id 2011)

IC CIV AS ARE

Hopkins Stre

Stre et

Irving St

Dro

Average number of people per hectare

ce Pla ay ilw

Barkly Street

Hopkins Stre

ier S tree t

HERITAGE

Dro

ce Pla ay ilw

Barkly Street

Nap

Donald St

Dro

ce Pla ay ilw

Barkly Street

Buckley Str eet

Ballarat Roa

Donald St

s ce

Prin

n St

s ce

Prin

Nicholso

Nicholso n St

Ballarat Roa

wy Moore Str eet

es inc

PROPOSED BUILDING HEIGHTS

Moore Str eet

PROPOSED DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION DENSITY

Moore Str eet

EXISTING DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION DENSITY

Building heights aid in governing the types of development that can occur in Footscray and helps provide a diverse range of housing types and buildings (Fig10.8). The building heights are proposed with respect to heritage restrictions to retain the existing heritage character while making way for future growth and development. N

400 400m

800m

1 Education & Employment Hub

2 Zoning & Overlays

3 Growth & Development

4 Built Character

DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL

5 Building Structure

6 Creative Housing

BUILT CHARACTER 30m 25m 20m 15m 10m 5m

shops

g le Sin

rey Sto o res Sto

ins opk nH

e Str

M ay tscr o o F

et ark

le ub Do

rey Sto

Fig 10.7 Existing built character of Footscray in 2016 (Vongsaraphanh 2016)

Fig 10.9 Example of high density fine grain development - Florida St, Buenos Aires (Almacén & Restaurant Suipacha 2016)

30m 25m

The proposed built character:

20m 15m

Creates a diversity of housing options

10m 5m 0m

r h wit ﬂoo ng ound i s u r H o iv e g act

ce Ofﬁ

ing uild

u Ref

he bis

are dW

se s hou

al B tion a c E du

in uild

Fig 10.8 Proposed built character for Footscray by 2031 (Vongsaraphanh 2016)

Increases employment possibilities

Attracts creative industries

1 Education & Employment Hub

2 Zoning & Overlays

3 Growth & Development

4 Built Character

DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL

5 Building Structure

6 Creative Housing

BUILDING STRUCTURE Rooftop garden and communal space

VERTICAL MIXED USE DEVELOPMENT Vertical mixed use is encouraged in Footscray, similar to the proposition made by the Stonnington Council (See City of Stonnington 2015). However, modifications have been made - retail use is encouraged on the ground floor with public or collaborative use encouraged on the first (See Fig 10.10). Residential use will follow from the second floor upwards. These changes have been made to purse the integration of the university with the city of Footscray through these developments, encourage higher density development, stimulate street life and create vibrant and safe streets. While this proposal is not mandatory it is highly recommended, specifically for the pedestrian core (Fig 10.2)

Affordable housing for students and youths Spaces for collaborative use

Affordable housing for students and youths

Improving living conditions Spaces for collaborative use between the university and the community

Building a sense of community Active ground floor An active ground floor, activating the streets and providing passive surveilance

Creating safe streets attractive for walking and cycling Fig 10.10 Vertical mixed use building with examples of uses (Jin 2016)

1 Education & Employment Hub

2 Zoning & Overlays

3 Growth & Development

4 Built Character

5 Building Structure

DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL

6 Creative Housing

CREATIVE HOUSING JUSTIFICATION

LOCATION MORE HOUSING OPTIONS NEEDED

Close to University Corridor

p/w

54% rented

19%

PROPOSED HOUSING DEVELOPMENT

in an industrial zone waiting to be repurposed

es inc

Ballarat Road

wy reet

$487

median individual income

Near Train Station

Moore St

$380k rent $320 p/w unit

on St

$730k rent $400 p/w

house

Nichols

Median Property Prices

Donald St

fullly owned

t pS

oo Dr

ce Pla ay ilw Ra Ballarat Roa d

s ce

Nichols

Moore St

on St

n Pri

reet

Barkly Street

Irving St

Fig 10.11 Additional housing options are needed to address Footscray's difficult living conditions (Vongsaraphanh & Nanayakkara 2016)

Hopkins Stre

Donald St

p oo Dr

ce Pla ay ilw

Footscray Station Bus Routes

hall

Nap

ier S tree

Buckley Str eet

Nap

ier S tree

Public Open Space

Footscray Station Maribyrnong River Bus Routes Public Open Space University Maribyrnong River UniversityProposed Housing Proposed Housing Area

Whit eha

Hyde

Affordable housing is a necessity in a university town.

Hopkins Stre

ll Str eet

reet

Whit e

Buckley St

Irving St

Stre e

Barkly Street

400m

N Fig 10.12 Location of Creative Housing (Vongsaraphanh & Nanayakkara 2016)

400 400m

1 Education & Employment Hub

2 Zoning & Overlays

3 Growth & Development

4 Built Character

DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL

5 Building Structure

6 Creative Housing

CREATIVE HOUSING STAGES ESTABLISH LOCATION & COMMUNITY STAGE 1 // 5 YEARS

PPP (Public Private Partnerships)

Private investment in public sector:

Victoria University and Housing Corporations working together to create housing options

CONSTRUCTION

Arts Hostel

STAGE 2 // 10 YEARS +

Slow Urbanism

Vertical mixed use structure will be adopted with the Nightingale's sustainable design and affordability

ZOHO in Rotterdam, The Netherlands: Encourages â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;slow urbanismâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; and provides a creative space and residence for all

ENHANCE COMMUNITY CONNECTIONS

Timebank

Trade skills rather than money:

Residents can use their skills to pay for rent rather than money

A viable method for collecting funds to deliver affordable housing in Footscray. It will have the Nightingale's ESvD standards while adopting a vertical mixed use structue to have an active ground floor and collaboration spaces in addition to accommodation. Similar to ZOHO, residents will work together in a process of slow urbanism to eliminate vacant/dead spaces in the city through workshops/ temporary use/classes The opportunity to trade skills for accommodation makes the creative housing truly affordable. Residents will use their skills to contribute to the community to be able to live at the Arts Hostel

1 Education & Employment Hub

2 Zoning & Overlays

3 Growth & Development

4 Built Character

ACCESS & MOVEMENT

5 Building Structure

6 Creative Housing

CREATIVE HOUSING APPEARANCE OF THE CREATIVE HOUSING EXISTING

PROPOSED

Fig 10.11 A dead space (Vongsaraphanh 2016)

Fig 10.12 An activated street with bicycle lanes and greening (Vongsaraphanh 2016)

IMPLEMENTATION Following the stages identified (page 52) the construction and functioning of the creative housing/arts hostel, will occur as identified in Fig 10.13 to provide affordable housing in Footscray and integrate the university with Footscray and its people.

Developer and University collaboration + initial funding

2016

Begin proejcts run by ‘Arts Hostel’ residents

2030

2020

PPP (Public Private Partnerships) Arts Hostel

Begin slow urbanism Timebank

2040 MAINTAIN PARTNERSHIP AND COLLABORATION CONTINUE TO ELIMINATE VACANT SPACES AND ENGAGE CREATIVE INDUSTRY CONTINUE TO BUILD COMMUNITY COHESIVENESS

Fig 10.13 Construction and implementation of the creative housing (Vongsaraphanh & Nanayakkara 2016)

2050

1 Moore St Freight Route

2 Pedestrian Core

TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT

MOORE ST FREIGHT ROUTE EXISTING ISSUE

Fig 10.14 Public protests against the Moore St freight route (Byrne 2014)

PROPOSED STRATEGY

Fig 10.15 Heavy vehicle restrictions on Moore Street (Jin & Nanayakkara 2016)

Heavy vehicles travelling along Moore St create noise and pollution in a major residential area of the precinct which has resulted in public uproar (Fig 10.14). The Moore St freight route cannot be removed as it is necessary to serve the core of Footscray. Therefore, to address the issue of the residents being unable to sleep at night time restrictions will be placed on Moore St to control when heavy vehicle traffic will travel (Fig 10.15).

Railway Station Train Tracks Freight Route Moore St GRZ NRZ Maribyrnong River Victoria University N

400m

1 Moore St Freight Route

2 Pedestrian Core

TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT

PEDESTRIAN CORE

EXISTING

PROPOSED

Footscray Station

60 km/h Zone

Existing Bus Service

Pedestrianized Area

400m

Public Open Space

Fig 10.16 Traffic within Footscray's core (Jin & Nanayakkara 2016)

Currently vehicles speed through the heart of Footscray at speeds of 60 km/h along Barkly/Hopkins St creating an environment which is unfriendly and unwelcoming for pedestrians. To make Footscray's heart more pedestrian friendly and attractive for those who walk and cycle, Hopkins St, within the pedestrian core (Fig 10.17 ) will have a reduced speed limit of 40 km/ph.

Footscray Station

60 km/h Zone 40km/h Zone

New Bus Route

Pedestrian Core

Public Open Space

Fig 10.17 Footscray's Pedestrian Core (Jin & Nanayakkara 2016)

Furthermore, this area identified as the pedestrian core (Fig 10.17) wil be pedestrianized with the exception of Hopkins St which will now function at a reduced speed limit. This sanction helps encourage active travel (walking, cycling and transit) within the heart of Footscray, helping build a healthy and vibrant Footscray.

1 Public Transport

2 Walking & Cycling

3 Pedestrian Core

ACCESS & MOVEMENT

PUBLIC TRANSPORT EXISTING PUBLIC TRANSPORT NETWORK

Route 223 Highpoint SC

PROPOSED PUBLIC TRANSPORT NETWORK

NORTH-SOUTH CONNECTIONS

Route 404 Moonee Ponds

Route 409 Highpoint SC N

400m

Fig 10.20 Express bus service between the university campuses (Wang & Nanayakkara 2016)

Route 216 Sunshine Route 403 University of Melbourne Route 220 VU Sunshine

Route 220 Hoddle Grid

Route 414 Laverton

Route 223 Seddon

400m

400m N

Fig 10.18 Existing public transport network (Wang & Nanayakkara 2016)

Fig 10.19 Proposed public transport network (Wang & Nanayakkara 2016)

The existing public transport network bears connections to Victoria University, Sunshine Campus and the University of Melbourne which are retained while the internal public transport system (the bus network) is consolidated in the new proposal. This change was made to avoid unnecessary stops and service the East and South of the precinct which is neglected by the existing network. An express bus service between the North and South university campuses and the Creative Housing is proposed to run at peak times to improve the connections between the North and South university campuses (Fig 10.20). In the future this route may be extended to Sunshine to connect all 3 Victoria University campuses of the West. The second new route is proposed to connect Yarraville to Victoria University Nicholson Campus, the heart of Footscray and the riverfront (10.21). The changes made to the bus network aim to create a well connected and convenient transport system which reaches all key destinations within Footscray. encouraging people to walk in Footscray as opposed to driving.

400m

Fig 10.21 Servicing the Southern end of the precinct and connecting with Yarraville (Wang & Nanayakkara 2016) Railway Station Train Tracks Maribyrnong River Victoria University Creative Housing Vacant Building New Bus Routes Bus Route Route 82 Tram Tram Stop Bus Stop Educational facilities Community Services Recreational spaces

1 Public Transport

2 Walking & Cycling

3 Pedestrian Core

ACCESS & MOVEMENT

WALKING & CYCLING EXISTING

PROPOSED

Train Tracks Formal Paths Informal Paths Difficult Crossings Train Station

400m

Fig 10.22 Existing walking and cycling network (Wang & Nanayakkara 2016)

While walking and cycling for recreation is attractive in Footscray because of the shared paths which connect to the riverfront and Footscray Park , walking and cycling for travel purposes is currently inconvenient and sometimes unsafe. The proposed walking and cycling network is well connected and the cycling paths identified indicate physical separation of cyclists from motor traffic to improve safety for cyclists which is a significant motivator to encourage

University Campus Community Facilities Educational Facilities Recreation & Open Space Creative Housing 400m Vacant Building

Fig 10.23 Footscray's Pedestrian Core (Wang & Nanayakkara

individuals to cycle for short to medium distance travel (Forsyth & Krizek 2010). The human scale experience of the streets and their attractiveness to pedestrians and cyclists too has a strong influence on people's decisions to walk and cycle, which is why the pedestrian core with the mixed use buildings are proposed to have attractive streets with destinations which encourage people to walk and cycle.

2 Walking & Cycling

3 Pedestrian Core

ACCESS & MOVEMENT

PEDESTRIAN CORE Activate vacant Activate vacant buildings buildings

LOCATION

Activate the streetsthe streets Activate

Located in the North- South

Strengthen Strengthen neighbourhood neighbourhood character character

ImproveUniversity feelings Improveoffeelings of safety safety

Home to the vacant buildings The heart of Footscray

Ballarat Road

Nichols

Strengthen Strengthen neighbourhood neighbourhood character character

Donald St ce Pla ay ilw Ra Ballarat Roa d

t pS

oo Dr

Barkly Street

s ce

Nichols

Moore St

on St

n Pri

reet

Improve feelings of Improve feelingssafety of safety

Moore St

on St

es inc

reet

JUSTIFICATION

Irving St

Hopkins Stre

Donald St

p oo Dr

ce Pla ay ilw

Hopkins Stre

hall

Nap

ier S tree

Whit eha

Buckley Str eet

Nap

ier S tree

Public Open Space

Footscray Station Maribyrnong River Bus Routes Public Open Space University Maribyrnong River UniversityPedestrian Core Housing PedestrianProposed Core Proposed Housing Area

ll Str eet

reet

Whit e

Buckley St

Irving St

Stre e

Fig 10.24 Why are we looking at the Pedestrian Core?

St Hyde

Activate vacant buildings Activate the streets Improve pedestrian experience Strengthen neighbourhood identity

Footscray Station Bus Routes

Barkly Street

Hyde

ets

1 Public Transport

400m

N Fig 10.25 Location of Pedestrian Core (Vongsaraphanh & Nanayakkara 2016)

400 58400m

1 Public Transport

2 Walking & Cycling

3 Pedestrian Core

ACCESS & MOVEMENT

PEDESTRIAN CORE STAGES ESTABLISH TEMPORARY USE OF VACANT SITES STAGE 1 // 5 YEARS

Activate vacant buildings

Uni/Community collaborate to activate the sites through temporary use/classes/popups ESL CLASSES

IMPROVE THE STREETS

Pedestrian Core

Improve pedestrian and cyclist experience through urban design improvements LOS ANGELES

STRENGTHEN NEIGHBOURHOOD IDENTITIY

Graffiti framework

Establish Footscray's identity as a vibrant and creative city

SMITH ST

Activated sites will improve feelings of safety, create foot traffic and build bonds between the community, university and Arts Hostel residents Use urban design elements to provide amenity and improve walking and cycling experience, encouraging NorthSouth movement betwen the university campuses Similar to Brunswick, Smith St and Fitzroy use graffiti as means of building local identity and celebrating local pride and community.

1 Public Transport

2 Walking & Cycling

3 Pedestrian Core

ACCESS & MOVEMENT

PEDESTRIAN CORE POSSIBLE ACTIVATIONS OF VACANT BUILDINGS

STAKEHOLDERS

2. TEMPORARY USE

Pop up gyms and training sessions

UNIVERSITY

Temporary workshops between students and locals

ARTS HOSTEL

Temporary daycare / early childhood programs

AGING CREATIVELY

QUANG MINH TEMPLE

Temporary performance and gallery spaces

Meditation spaces

Fig 10.26 Possiblle ways the vacant buildings may be activated (Vongsaraphanh & Nanayakkara 2016)

1 Public Transport

2 Walking & Cycling

3 Pedestrian Core

ACCESS & MOVEMENT

PEDESTRIAN CORE URBAN DESIGN FOR PEDESTRIAN CORE IRVING STREET - IMPROVING CYCLIST SAFETY

STRATEGIES ADOPTED FROM PORTLAND

Physical separation of cyclists from motorists

Multi-use paths for cyclists and pedestrians

Use branding to create identity, similar to the proposed use of graffiti

Fig 10.28 Urban design strategies from Portland (Jin 2016)

IRVING STREET EXISTING PROPOSED

EXISTING

parked car

IRVING STREET PROPOSED

parked car

Fig 10.27 Design improvements for Irving Street (Jin 2016)

Bicycle lane seating shade Fig 10.29 Implementation of design elements (Jin 2016)

1 Public Transport

2 Walking & Cycling

3 Pedestrian Core

ACCESS & MOVEMENT

PEDESTRIAN CORE GRAFFITI FRAMEWORK Existing raw street culture

independant youths

High population of youths

n St Nicholso

BROKEN WINDOW THEORY

Donald St

d Barkly Street

RISK

Hopkins Stre

Irving St

Moore Str eet

n St Nicholso

Ballarat Roa

Donald St

Stre et hall

Barkly Street

Buckley Str eet

Nap

ier S tree

Hopkins Stre

Design and Development Overlay

Neighbourhood Character Overlay

Stre et

Hyde St

Irving St

Whit e

Dro

ce Pla ay ilw Ra

hall

Heritage Overlay

Whit e

ley Street

Nap

ier S tree

Activity Centre Zone

Design and Development Overlay

-encouraging creative expression over criminal activitity

Hyde St

Neighbourhood Character Overlay Heritage Overlay Activity Centre Zone

Design and Development Overlay

-maintain and embrace existing raw street culture

Neighbourhood Character Overlay

400

800m

-grafitti as wayfinding

Heritage Overlay Activity Centre Zone

GRAFITTI MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK

y... eb

Dro

s ce

n Pri

ce Pla ay ailw

an be overcom hc

whi c

Ballarat Roa

Moore Str eet

s ce

n Pri

37%

400

800m

Fig 10. 30 A possible graffiti management framework (Vongsaraphanh 2016)

Majority of Footscray's population is composed of youths. Their engagement in graffiti tagging can be understood as their way of expressing their 'right to the city'. Unfortunately it is associated with antisocial behaviour, vandalism and based on the Broken Window Theory can cause crime in Footscray (See Risk p28). Collaboration with the Community Arts Centre and Youth Centre provides the opportunity to engage these artists more effectively through 0 400 800m programs such as StreetWORKS to better utilise their skillsin organized graffiti opportunities tocelebrate their artwork and Footscray's identity.

1 Greening Footscray

2 Open Space

PUBLIC REALM

GREENING FOOTSCRAY JUSTIFICATION Create green connections

Provide shade & improve quality of the public realm

Mitigate Urban Heat Island

Campuses Open spaces

Activated spaces

CASE STUDY

Helping create beautiful streets attractive for walking and cycling 63

Tree lined avenues Downtown, Portland

Regulate CO2 emissions

1 Greening Footscray

2 Open Space

PUBLIC REALM

GREENING FOOTSCRAY STAGES

* *

Greening main axes

400

800m

* *

Creative housing, riverfront, Ballarat Rd

400

800m

Rail tracks

400

Train Tracks Greening Railway Station University Activated spaces Proposed student housing & services Public open space Proposed public open space

2020

Planting

IMPLEMENTATION

2016

2030 Growth

2040

MAINTAIN LUSH TREE COVERAGE

800m

2050 64

1 Greening Footscray

2 Open Space

PUBLIC REALM

PUBLIC OPEN SPACE ISSUE

A comparison of active and passive open space identifies that there is limited active open space available within the precinct.

Legend

400

800m

Passive open space Active open space

STAGES

Creating healthy and liveable cities

Build partnerships

Footscray City Primary School

STAGE 1 // 5 YEARS

STAGE 2 // 10 YEARS +

Working together with VU and schools to gain the public access to private active spaces

Facilitate & encourage active use

Encourage group and individual active use of public open space

Create new public open spaces

Improve existing open spaces and transfrom underutilised spaces to new public open space

1 Greening Footscray

2 Open Space

PUBLIC REALM

PUBLIC OPEN SPACE FACILITATING AND ENCOURAGING ACTIVE USE

UTILISE PASSIVE OPEN SPACE FOR ACTIVE USE

Footscray Cycling club Scenic cycling routes through parks

Group fitness classes

Individual fitness activities

NEW PUBLIC OPEN SPACES

* New public open spaces are co-located Railway Station with existing facilities and services Train Tracks

Maribyrnong River TrainVictoria Train Tracks Tracks University Greening Greening Housing Creative Railway Railway Station Station Vacant Building University University New Bus Routes Activated Activated spaces spaces Bus Route Proposed Proposed student student housing housing & services & services Route 82 Tram Public Public openopen space space Tram Stop Proposed public space Proposed public openopen space Bus Stop Educational facilities Community Services Recreational spaces

* *

* N

400m

RELATION TO VISION

1 Greening Footscray

2 Open Space

PUBLIC REALM

Creating a healthy liveable city PUBLIC OPEN SPACE IMPLEMENTATION

TIMELINE

2016

2020

2030

Build Partnerships & create access

MAINTAIN PARTNERSHIP AND ACCESS TO PRIVATE ACTIVE OPEN SPACES

Facilitate & encourage active use Improve existing open spaces

2050

2040

ENCOURAGE & CREATE OPPORTUNITIES FOR ACTIVE USE New public open spaces

IMPROVE EXISTING OPEN SPACES AND CREATE NEW OPEN SPACES TO CATER TO GROWTH

EXISTING - RIVERFRONT

PROPOSED - RIVERFRONT Cycling lane

Public artwork identifying aboriginal significance of the site and encouraging pedestrians

400m0

400m

Dead space

Unattractive

Active use of the river Maximising views to the river

1 Storm Water Harvesing

1 Storm Water Harvesting

SUSTAINABILITY & RESILIENCE

& RESILIENCE STORM SUSTAINABILITY WATER HARVESTING

STORM WATER HARVESTING JUSTIFICATION Save water

Mitigate flooding in Footscray

Minimise pollution of Maribyrnong river

CASE STUDY

saves

70 million litres of water per year

Fitzroy Gardens The strategy from Fitzroy Gardens is adopted to harvest storm water in Footscray and mitigate flooding.

1 Storm Water Harvesing 1 Storm Water Harvesting

SUSTAINABILITY & RESILIENCE SUSTAINABILITY & RESILIENCE

STORM WATER HARVESTING

STORM WATER HARVESTING STORM WATER INLETS BASED ON TOPOGRAPHY

TOPOGRAPHIC PROFILE VU Footscray Park Campus

A’

40m 30m 20m 10m 0m

Newells Paddock Wetland

500m

1000m

2000m

A-A’

200m VU Footscray

40m 30m 20m 10m 0m

1500m

VU Nicholson Campus

Park Campus

500m

1000m

200m

1500m

2000m

B-B’

Locations for catchments based on topography

B’ Direction of water Train Tracks Railway Station University

Stormwater drain

400

800m

Swale

Public open space Creative housing

The storm water drains and swales have been identified using Footscray's topography to maximise the water captured.

1 Storm Water Harvesting

1 Storm Water Harvesing

SUSTAINABILITY & RESILIENCE SUSTAINABILITY & RESILIENCE

STORM WATER HARVESTING STORM WATER HARVESTING PROCESS Treat

Collect

Distribute IRRIGATE MAJOR OPEN SPACES

Storm water drains

Swales

Mervyn Hughes Oval

Newells Paddock Wetland

Footscray Park

It is a closed loop system to ensure that no water is wasted.

IMPLEMENTATION

PRIMARY PROPOSALS

SECONDARY PROPOSALS

IMPLEMENTATION PRIMARY PROPOSALS The key proposals in order of significance:

reet

Nichol son St

Donald St

3. PEDESTRIAN CORE

ce Pla ay ilw

Barkly Stree

t Stre e hall Whit e

reet

Nap

ier S tree

1.CREATIVE HOUSING

4. RIVERFRONT ACTIVATION

t pS

oo Dr

3. PEDESTRIAN The schedules for the secondary proposals have been identified under their respective frameworks. CORE ce Pla ay ailw

Hyde

Nichol

Moore St

son St

reet

Irving St

Hopkins Str eet

Buckley St

Donald St

reet

Whit e

hall

Stre et

Irving St

Hopkins Str eet

Buckley St

Nap

ier S tree

Vacancy Cluster Public Open Space Riverfront Activation

4. RIVERFRONT ACTIVATION

Hyde

1.CREATIVE HOUSING

Ballarat Road

t pS

Public Transport - implementation gradual over the course of years Storm water harvesting - flooding mitigationBallarat Road wy 2. ACTIVATION OF sH Greening es c n Pri VACANCIES Public Open Space

es nc Pri

oo Dr

SECONDARY PROPOSALS

2. ACTIVATION OF VACANCIES

Moore St

1.Creative Housing 2.Activation of vacant buildings 3.Pedestrianization of the pedestrian core (includes graffiti framework) 4. Riverfront

Activation of Heart of Footscray (Pedestrian Core) Creative Housing

400 400m

800m

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