References

12. For a complete list of countries, the number of firms in each country, and the number of firms by industry, see annex 4A, tables 4A.1 and 4A.2. 13. We estimate TFP using a common definition in the literature, where

TFP is defined as TFP = VA/(Total employment2/3 Total fix assets1/3). 14. In this survey, a firm is considered to be part of a transnational corporation if it is the wholly owned subsidiary or joint venture of a parent firm with headquarters in another country. If the foreign investor is a foreign national or family that has invested in the firm alone or as a joint venture partner and not a subsidiary of an enterprise based in another country, it is considered to be a foreign entrepreneur firm.

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