of Peak Apparel Exports

TABLE 4.2 Classification of Apparel Exporting Economies, by Decade and Share of Peak Apparel Exports

Decade of peak apparel export share Apparel export shares averaging above 5.8%, 1975–2015 Peak share >30% Peak share 15–30%

late 1960s–1970sa Timor-leste (89%); Hong Kong SAR, China (41%) Korea, Rep. (25%); Taiwan, China (18%); Uruguay (16%) Apparel export shares averaging 2.9–5.8%, 1975–2015

Peak share 6–14%

israel (7%)

1980sb

1990sc

2000sd lesotho (98%), Cambodia (84%), Macao SAR, China (82%), Maldives (75%), Honduras (63%), Mauritius (61%), El Salvador (58%), Madagascar (52%), Dominican Republic (51%), nicaragua (43%), Fiji (43%), lao pDR (42%), nepal (37%), Jordan (36%), Albania (34%), Morocco (33%), north Macedonia (32%), guatemala (31%) Romania (28%), Eswatini (25%), Bulgaria (21%), Vietnam (19%), Moldova (16%) Egypt, Arab Rep. (13%), Kenya (11%), peru (9%) n.a.

2010sd,e St. Kitts and nevis (35%) Cyprus (27%), Belize (18%) Thailand (10%), Italy (9%), panama (9%)

Tunisia (47%), Jamaica (33%), Turkey (33%) greece (26%), portugal (24%), Costa Rica (23%), Croatia (20%), philippines (18%), lithuania (18%), China (16%), india (16%) lebanon (14%), poland (13%), Estonia (13%), Hungary (12%), Serbia (11%), Indonesia (8%), Colombia (6%), Czech Republic (6%), Slovak Republic (6%)

Bangladesh (88%), Haiti (88%), Sri lanka (55%), Myanmar (40%), pakistan (39%) n.a. Armenia (14%), Syrian Arab Republic (7%)

Top global apparel exporters but below world average (2.9%) Peak share <6%

Austria (4%), Belgium (3%), Japan (3%), France (3%), United Kingdom (2%), Netherlands (1%)

n.a.

Mexico (6%), Germany (2%), United States (1%)

n.a.

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TABLE 4.2 Classification of Apparel Exporting Economies, by Decade and Share of Peak Apparel Exports (continued)

Decade of peak apparel export share

non-apparel exporters (below world average and never top global exporters) Africa: Algeria; Angola; Benin; Burkina Faso; Burundi; Cameroon; Chad; Congo, Dem. Rep.; Côte d’ivoire; Equatorial guinea; Ethiopia; gabon; gambia, The; ghana; guinea; liberia; libya; Malawi; Mali; Mozambique; namibia; niger; nigeria; Rwanda; Senegal; Sierra leone; Somalia; South Africa; Suriname; Tanzania; Togo; Uganda; Zambia; Zimbabwe Americas: Argentina; Aruba; Bahamas, The; Brazil; Canada; Cayman islands; Chile; Cuba; Ecuador; Martinique (territorial collectivity of France); paraguay; Trinidad and Tobago; Venezuela, RB Asia: Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, georgia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, papua new guinea, Russian Federation, Singapore, Uzbekistan Europe: Belarus, Denmark, Finland, iceland, ireland, latvia, luxembourg, norway, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine Middle East: Bahrain; iran, islamic Rep.; iraq; Kuwait; Oman; Qatar; Saudi Arabia; United Arab Emirates; yemen, Rep. Oceania: Australia, new Zealand

Apparel export shares averaging above 5.8%, 1975–2015 Apparel export shares averaging 2.9–5.8%, 1975–2015

Top global apparel exporters but below world average (2.9%)

Peak share >30% Peak share 15–30% Peak share 6–14% Peak share <6%

Sources: Frederick 2021; United nations Comtrade database, representing Standard industrial Trade Classification (SiTC) 1-digit code 84 (articles of apparel and clothing accessories). Note: Apparel exporting economies are listed in order of highest to lowest percentage of export share within a table cell. Bolded text indicates an economy that was a top 10 global apparel exporting economy at some point. Top 10 exporters are based on individual economies (EU countries are not grouped). Orange shading designates economies whose apparel exports peaked before 1970; green shading, those that peaked between 1990 and the present; and red shading, non-apparel exporters. EU = European Union; n.a. = not applicable (no country in this category). a. Among the economies whose apparel exports peaked between 1960 and 1980, the peak years are as follows (earliest to latest): Japan (1965); Austria (1966); Belgium (1966); israel (1971); Korea, Rep. (1971); the netherlands (1971); Taiwan, China (1971); France (1972); Hong Kong SAR, China (1975); United Kingdom (1978); Uruguay (1978); Timorleste (1979). b. Among the economies whose apparel exports peaked between 1980 and 1990, the peak years are as follows (earliest to latest): panama (1982); St. Kitts and nevis (1984); Belize (1985); Cyprus (1987); italy (1987); Thailand (1987). c. Among the economies whose apparel exports peaked between 1990 and 1999, the peak years are as follows (earliest to latest): the philippines (1990); lebanon (1991); portugal (1991); germany (1992); india (1992); indonesia (1992, 1998); China (1993); Colombia (1993); Costa Rica (1993); the Czech Republic (1993); greece (1993); Hungary (1993); poland (1993); the Slovak Republic (1993); Tunisia (1993); Turkey (1993); Croatia (1994); Estonia (1994 [first data year 1992]); Jamaica (1995); Egypt, Arab Rep. (1998); Morocco (1998); Serbia and Montenegro (1998 [now Serbia]); United States (1998); lithuania (1999 [first data year 1992]); Mexico (1999); Dominican Republic (1999). d. Among the economies whose apparel exports peaked in 2000 or after, the peak years are as follows (earliest to latest): Fiji (2000); Maldives (2000); Mauritius (2000); Myanmar (2000); nepal (2000); Sri lanka (2000); Albania (2001); Bulgaria (2001); Honduras (2001); north Macedonia (2001); Romania (2001); El Salvador (2002); nicaragua (2002); Cambodia (2003); Eswatini (2003); lao pDR (2003); lesotho (2003); peru (2003); Vietnam (2003); Kenya (2004); Macao SAR, China (2005); Jordan (2006); Moldova (2006); Madagascar (2007); Haiti (2016); Syrian Arab Republic (2016); pakistan (2017); Armenia (2018); Bangladesh (2018). e. in the 2010s, apparel export shares were still on the rise, flat, or oscillating. Economies that are “flat” or oscillating reached peak export share and have generally continued to maintain that share or have fluctuated with multiple peaks.