Economies, 1995–2015

TABLE 4.3 FLFP Rates and Trends for Apparel Exporting and Nonexporting Economies, 1995–2015

Country group Apparel exporters under the MFA (1990–2000s)

non-apparel exporters (reference countries) FLFP rates increase FLFP rates stay flat or oscillate

< World average ≥ World average ≥ World average

Near world average (48–51%) < World average

Bangladesh (26–32%), Eswatini (43–47%), greece (37–45%), Hungary (41–47%), italy (34–40%), Maldives (28–45%), Mauritius (39–46%), Pakistan (13–24%) Belize (36–48%); Costa Rica (36–48%); Dominican Republic (38–50%); Haiti (58–61%); Macao SAR, China (48–67%); nicaragua (34–49%); portugal (49–54%) Cambodia (77–74%), nepal (82–82%), lao pDR (80–77%), Madagascar (84–84%), Vietnam (72–73%) Bulgaria (51–49%), El Salvador (43–45%), Fiji (40–40%), guatemala (40–39%), Honduras (46–48%), indonesia (49–51%), philippines (48–49%) Egypt, Arab Rep. (21–22%); Jordan (12–14%); lebanon (21–23%); Morocco (23–23%); Sri Lanka (36–36%); Tunisia (23–25%); Turkey (31%–31%)

Afghanistan (15–19%), iraq (8–14%), Saudi Arabia (15–22%) Brazil (47–53%), Chile (36–50%), Colombia (53–58%), Ecuador (49–52%), panama (43–51%), paraguay (53–56%), Qatar (46–59%) Bahamas, The (68–68%) Argentina (48–48%); Russian Federation (54–55%); Venezuela, RB (47–49%) Algeria (12–15%), Senegal (33–35%) FLFP rates decrease

≥ World average China (73–63%), Jamaica (65–57%), lesotho (68–60%), Myanmar (61–52%), Thailand (66–61%)

< World average Albania (54–46%), india (31–22%), Romania (62–45%)

n.a. n.a.

Source: international labour Organization (ilO), “labour force participation rate by sex and age” (1990–2030) data. Note: ilO modeled estimates are of female labor force participation (FlFp) rates, 15 years of age and older, in 1995 and 2015. Bolded text indicates the seven case countries. green-shaded columns show economies that either maintained FlFp rates at or above the world average or increased their FlFp rates to exceed the 2015 world average. yellow-shaded columns show economies that either (a) maintained or increased their FlFp rates but remained below or near the world average, or (b) decreased FlFp rates but still exceeded the world average in 2015. Red-shaded columns show economies whose FlFp rates declined and are below the world average. The world average FlFp rate fell from 51 percent in 1995 to 48 percent in 2015. MFA = Multifiber Arrangement; n.a. = not applicable (no country in this category).